Cinema Technology Magazine - June 2008

Vol 21 • No 2 • june 2008

B•K•S•T•S The Moving Image Society

Certification scheme’s great start More about the BKSTS/CEA initiative

Independent cinemas Conference and cinema profiles

Widescreen weekend Bradford’s festival is better than ever

Digital projection supplement Digital cinema sound, EDCF workshop and more digital 3D

The leading specialist publication for cinema industry professionals

BOOTH 109 Cinema Expo International

http://ctmag.slaterelectronics.com

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cinema technology

BKSTS - THE MOVING IMAGE SOCIETY The Society exists to encourage, sustain, educate, train and provide a focus for all those who are creatively or technologically involved in the business of providing moving images and associated sound in any form and through any media.

The BKSTS works to maintain standards and to encourage the pursuit of excellence in all aspects of moving image and associated sound technology, in the UK and throughout the world.

contents Volume 21 • Number 2

june 2008

The Society is independent of all governments and commercial organisations.

SPONSOR MEMBERS PLATINUM Odeon Cinemas

Newsreel

4

Chief of chiefs honoured - Nigel Wolland’s MBE

8

Great start for BKSTS/CEA certification scheme

10

Independents’ day - third annual conference

12

Independent cinemas - Merlin Cinemas

21

Aardman Animations • Arri (GB) Ltd • Barco plc • Desisti Lighting UK Ltd Electrosonic Ltd • Film Distributors Association • Film & Photo Ltd Framestore CFC • Harkness Screens • Moving Picture Company Panasonic Broadcast Europe • Quantel Ltd • RTI (UK) Ltd • UGC Cinemas

Independent cinemas - The State Cinema Gainsborough

24

New preview theatre for Paramount Pictures

26

SOCIETY SUPPORTERS

Independent cinemas - Singapore’s Cathay Organisation

28

Keith Shankster retires after 45 years

31

Widescreen weekend better than ever

32

GOLD Autodesk• Kodak Limited • Pinewood Group

SILVER Avid Technology Europe • Deluxe London • Digital Theater Systems Dolby Laboratories • Filmlight • Hyperactive • Lee Filters • Lee Lighting Shooting Partners Ltd • Slater Electronic Services Soho Images • Technicolor • Vantis

BRONZE

Association of Motion Picture Sound • British Film Institute British Society of Cinematographers • British Universities Film & Video Council Cinema Exhibitors Association • Cooke Optics • CST • Focal International • ITN SMPTE • Skillset • Society of Television Lighting Directors • UK Film Council The Society gratefully acknowledges the support of the above Companies and Organisations.

Enquiries regarding Sponsor Membership of the BKSTS should be addressed to: Roland brown, President BKSTS - Moving Image Society, Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Bucks SL0 0NH, UK e: info@bksts.com www.bksts.com

CINEMA TECHNOLOGY BKSTS Cinema Technology Committee Dion Hanson (Chairman), Max Bell, John Bohnet, Ben Dowell, Keith Fawcett, Fred Fullerton, Richard Huhndorf, Denis Kelly, Alan McCann, Andre Mort, Mark Reader, Paul Schofield, Nigel Shore, Andy Symes, Nigel Wolland, Rich Phillips, Peter Knight and Mark Nice.

CINEMA TECHNOLOGY - ISSN 0995-2251 - is published quarterly by Jim Slater - Slater Electronic Services on behalf of the BKSTS - The Moving Image Society.

The print edition is mailed to all members of the BKSTS and is also distributed to the major cinema chains and independents to reach virtually every cinema in the UK and many in Europe and worldwide. It has a circulation of about 4000, in 55 countries around the world, achieving an estimated readership of 13,000.

DIGITAL PROJECTION SUPPLEMENT Second digital awareness day another success

35

EDCF workshop - film distribution for digital cinema

36

Digital cinema sound - QSC explore the possibilities

40

RAAM conference - digital 3D day

43

Installing REAL D digital 3D

46

Hastings Odeon chief retires

48

A reel entertainer - a tribute to Gordon Potter

51

Movie engineer’s diary - Selsyns in cinema

52

CINEMA TECHNOLOGY E-MAG is an online interactive version of the print edition ALLOWING FREE ACCESS TO EVERYONE http://ctmag.slaterelectronics.com

Cinemas in Malta - a brief overview

53

Views expressed in this journal are not necessarily the views of the Society. © BKSTS - The Moving Image Society

New film handling wallchart

55

EDITORIAL

The Arc Cinema - Tees Valley’s independent cinema

56

Home cinema - the bigger picture of imaging

58

Feedback - letters to Cinema Technology

60

Jim Slater, Managing Editor 17 Winterslow Road, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0LW, UK T: +44 (0) 1980 610544 F: +44 (0) 1980 590611 e: Jim.Slater@SlaterElectronics.com

ADVERTISING / DESIGN / PRODUCTION Bob Cavanagh Caixa Postal 2011, Vale da Telha, 8670-156 Aljezur, Portugal T: +351 282 997 050 M: 00351 962 415 172 e: bobcavanagh@sapo.pt

SUBSCRIPTIONS Cinema Technology is mailed free of charge to all BKSTS Members.

Please contact the BKSTS for subscription payment details or further information www.bksts.com or e-mail info@bksts.com cinema technology - june 2008

On the cover: D-Cinema is more than a change in moving pictures, QSC provides the very best total D-Cinema audio solutions (Signal Processing, Amplifiers & Loudspeakers) See article on page 40

page 3

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cinema technology - june 2008

One Ingenious Digital Cinema Solution Dolby Digital Cinema provides hardware and software systems that are highly intuitive to the user.

Delivering exceptional reliability, superb quality, technical performance and flexibility, they meet the operational needs of all cinemas, from a multi-screen complex to a single screen theatre.

Content Dolby Show Library

Dolby Digital Cinema System

Dolby Digital Cinema System

Visit us at Cinema Expo 2008 (Booth No. 161)

BELIEVE YOUR EYES www.dolby.com/professional/motion_picture/ Dolby and the double-D symbol are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. Š 2008 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. W08_19796

Dolby 3D Digital Cinema System

chief of chiefs honoured

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HELP PLEASE ... PAST ODEON LEICESTER SQUARE CHIEFS? Mark Nice, Chief at Odeon Leicester Square asks Cinema Technology readers for their help.

WeĘźre trying to do some research into past Chiefs and their Projectionists here at the Odeon Leicester Square, and can go back to the 1950s, but beyond that is a mystery!

IĘźm sure someone out there will know, or know someone who knows something?? I would be particularly interested in the ďŹ rst crew who opened this cinema. Pictures of these people would be particularly good. We have loads of pictures of an empty OLS projection room in the 1930s but sadly with no sign of life! We wanted to end up with an engraved plaque on our Projection room wall, a bit like you ďŹ nd in these private boarding schools naming past head teachers! We also thought about making a book ourselves, or some sort of memorial of the people who were the backbone of this wonderful cinema – and maybe it would make for an interesting article in CT? E- Mail: Any help you could provide us with will be much appreciated!! ta.leicestersquare@odeonuk.com. or, markknice@btinternet.com Thank you ... Mark Nice, Odeon Leicester Square. Tel: 020 7930 1576

page 8

cinema technology - june 2008

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cinema technology - june 2008

page 11

independents’ day

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camstage SUPPLIERS AND INSTALLERS OF: • All types of cinema screen frames including lace in, wrap / floating and flying frames • Front and rear projection screen surfaces for standard and digital projection • Multi-stop and multi-plane masking systems • Roller screens of all sizes • Horizontal and vertical draw curtain systems • Black and coloured flame retardant and acoustically transparent masking cloths Acoustic Stretch Wall Systems to BS fire regulations, with a wide range of covering materials and colours Pleated Wall Drapes in a range of materials and sizes fitted on site to your individual needs We offer a tailored curtain and Masking System Service programme to allow the show to go on We are able to offer a Screen Cleaning Service that removes the majority of soft drink and sauce spills Contact us now for more information

Camstage, 31 Hedley Road, St. Albans, Hertfordshire AL1 5JL, UK t: +44 (0) 1727 830151 cinema technology - june 2008

f: +44 (0) 1727 855993

e: info@camstage.com

w: www.camstage.com page 15

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Cinema Screens and Equipment Specialist LED Lighting Supply • Design • Manufacture • Installation

Unit 8 Leighton Industrial Park Billington Road Leighton Buzzard LU7 4AJ Phone: 01525 383054 Fax: 01525 377010 e-mail: info@powellLED.com

• • • • • • • • •

Screen surfaces Screen frames Special concept screens Masking and curtain systems Electric / Electronic controls Roller screens of all sizes Equipment servicing LED edge lighting Special LED lighting effects

www.powellLED.com Your Imagination , Our Products and Services page 17

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cinema technology - june 2008

Tel: 020 7287 5565

page 27

the cathay organisation

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page 28

cinema technology - june 2008

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the cathay organisation

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cinema technology - june 2008

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cinema technology - june 2008

digital newsreel

June 2008

Bâ&#x20AC;¢Kâ&#x20AC;¢Sâ&#x20AC;¢Tâ&#x20AC;¢S The Moving Image Society

A supplement to Cinema Technology The leading specialist publication for cinema industry professionals

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page 39

digital cinema sound

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i'PS mMN XPSL QJOL OPJTF BU SFGFSFODF MFWFM Figure A

AVAILABLE DYNAMIC RANGE Each quantization bit theoretically adds 6 dB in possible dynamic range, e.g.

144 dB (24 x 6) = for 24 bit systems (D-Cinema) 126 dB for 21 bit systems 120 dB for 20 bit systems 108 dB for 18 bit systems 96 dB for 16 bit systems (CDs)

TIPVME QSPEVDF B TPVOE QSFTTVSF MFWFM 41-

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page 42

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page 45

installing digital 3D

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page 47

hastings chief retires

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page 48

1JOBGPSF "T POF XIPTF MPDBM DJOFNB JT UIF 0EFPO 4BMJTCVSZ XIJDI * IBWF IFBSE UIF UPVS HVJEFT UFMM UIFJS HVMMJCMF "NFSJDBO WJTJUPST JT B ZFBS PME DJOFNB POMZ UIF FOUSBODF IBMM JT HFOVJOFMZ 5VEPS CVU UIF EFTJHOFST EFDJEFE UP CVJME UIF DJOFNB UP mU UIF UI $FOUVSZ UIFNF * XBT JOUFSFTUFE UP IFBS UIBU )BTUJOHT JT BDUVBMMZ UIF PMEFTU DJOFNB UIBU 0EFPO OPX PQFSBUF 5IF DPSOFS GPZFS JT WFSZ TNBMM CVJMU PO UIF TJUF PG XIBU XBT BO PME QVC BOE UIF CVJMEJOH XBT PSJHJOBMMZ DPOWFSUFE UP B DJOFNB JO XIFO JU CFDBNF POF PG UIF 3BOEPMQI & 3JDIBSET $JSDVJU UIF 3JDIBSET GBNJMZ PQFS BUFE B DIBJO PG BCPVU DJOFNBT JO UIF BSFB BSPVOE &BTUCPVSOF * XBT BNVTFE UP TFF UIBU 0EFPO T PCWJPVTMZ WFSZ QSP BDUJWF DPOGFSFODF NBSLFUJOH QFPQMF BSF FODPVSBHJOH DPOGFSFODFT UP VTF UIF TJUF XJUI UIF XPSET A 'SPN UIF PVUTJEF XF IBWF UIF DIBSN PG B DMBTTJDBM SFHFODZ CVJMEJOH XJUI ZFBST PG IJTUPSZ "MUIPVHI UIFSF IBWF CFFO QMBOT GPS B NPEFSO NVMUJQMFY JO UIF UPXO UIF 0EFPO DVSSFOUMZ IBT KVTU UIF TNBMM JOEFQFOEFOU &MFDUSJD 1BMBDF DJOFNB

BT DPNQFUJUJPO XJUI EJHJUBM QSPKFDUJPO GSPN %7%T BOE 7)4 BOE UIPTF TFFLJOH B NPEFSO NVMUJQMFY NVTU ESJWF UP &BTUCPVSOF 5IF DJOFNB XBT UXJOOFE CZ $MBTTJD JO BOE MBUFS $BOOPO TQFOU b NJMMJPO JO DPOWFSU JOH UIF DJOFNB JOUP UISFF CFBVUJGVM TDSFFOT 1FUFS UPME NF UIBU UIFTF XFSF "MBO .D$BOO T mSTU NBKPS DJOFNB DPOWFSTJPOT MVYVSJPVTMZ mOJTIFE JO SFE BOE HPME 5IF DVSSFOU 0EFPO OPX IBT GPVS TDSFFOT 4DSFFO JT UIF CJHHFTU XJUI TFBUT 4DSFFO IBT 4DSFFO IBT XJUI B TJ[FBCMF SBLF PGGTFU UIBU UFOET UP HJWF LFZTUPOF EJTUPSUJPO BOE 4DSFFO XIJDI IBT KVTU TFBUT JT WFSZ XJEF XJUI KVTU TJY SPXT NBLJOH JU EJGmDVMU UP HJWF FWFSZ TFBU BO JO GPDVT JNBHF * XBT JOUFSFTUFE UP MFBSO UIBU 4DSFFO IBE PSJHJOBMMZ CFFO TFSWFE CZ NN LJU CFGPSF CFJOH SFQMBDFE CZ NN BOE * XBT TIPXO BO JOUFSFTUJOH JG SBUIFS GBEFE QIPUP PG UIF 8FTUBS QSPKFDUPS XJUI 0SDPO MBNQIPVTF CFMPX UIBU XBT QVU JOUP 4DSFFO XIFO B UPXFS VOJU XBT mSTU JO TUBMMFE * HBUIFS UIJT IBE CFFO BDRVJSFE GSPN UIF PME $IJFG PG UIF "#$ &SJD %VOL

cinema technology - june 2008

hastings chief retires 4DSFFO

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4DSFFO

cinema technology - june 2008

page 49

hastings chief retires

"O JNNBDVMBUF CPY DPNQMFUF XJUI WBDVVN DMFBOFS

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page 50

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"//4( #INEMA %XPO )NTERNATIONAL !MSTERDAM

cinema technology - june 2008

page 51

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cinemas in malta

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cinema technology - june 2008

page 53

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cinema technology - june 2008

cinemas in malta BOE UIF mMN JT GFE GSPN B UPXFS TQPPM 5IF QIPUP TIPXT UIF '1 T JO QMBDF XJUI B XFMM LOPXO mHVSF TUBOEJOH CZ UP TVQFSWJTF .BMUB B HPPE QMBDF GPS DJOFNB (FOFSBMMZ JU JT B HPPE FYQFSJFODF XBUDIJOH B mMN JO .BMUB 4PNF PG UIF FYIJCJUPST EPO U TFFN UP CF UP XPSSJFE BCPVU DPODFTTJPO TBMFT *O UIF &NQJSF EVSJOH B .BUJOFF UIF DPODFT TJPO TUBOE JT DMPTFE BT UIJT JT PQFSBUFE CZ B QSJWBUF DPNQBOZ BOE JT POMZ PQFO JO UIF FWFOJOHT .PTU TDSFFOT FYDFQU $JUZ -JHIUT BOE &NCBTTZ

DPNNFODF TDSFFOJOH BSPVOE QN BOE SVO NJEOJHIU TIPXT EBJMZ

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

SECURITY

EDGE LUBRICATION Wound roll wiped with cloth that has been sprayed with furniture wax

TOTAL REEL TALLY Verifies total number of reels in the print

ASPECT RATIO SCOPE 1:2.39 FLAT 1:1.85, 1:1.66, 1:1.38

PRINT COPY NUMBER Can include territory data

Cyan Dye Layer

A Lightbox or illuminated panel is recommended for print examination

Lubricates, reduces shedding, removes any extraneous dirt

Scope ½ ins

Anti-Static Layer

Shaft / Bore Size ½ inch 3/8 inch 9mm

Drive Method Pin Pin Pin

5/16 inch

Pin / Keyway

5/16 inch

Square Shaft

0

35mm Sepmag: Assistant Editor makes sync marks on film and mag stock Long horizontal lines allow for easy location of marks Punched hole may additionally be used

Recommended manual inspection method using lint-free glove

HEAD & TAIL LEADER CUTTING POINTS Academy Leader & Variants

Carrier

6000ft

Reels

Dia.

Counts in feet (16 frames per ft 35mm)

Enclosure

c.24 ins

Plastic / Metal Transit Cases

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Singlesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; still used in some territories )

Cores

c.15 ins

Plastic / Metal Cans; Plastic / Cardboard / Fibre / Metal Box

2000ft

Reels

c.15 ins

Plastic / Metal Transit Cases

2000ft ( 1000ft

SMPTE Universal Leader 35mm Optical: Academy Leader has diamond mark 20 frames preceding each number to permit accurate synchronisation

1:2.39 (Upper)

1:1.66* (Upper)

1:1.85 (Lower)

8mm (Reversal): Emulsion is away from the observer when the film is heads up and the perforations are on the left

1:1.38** (Lower)

MONO OPTICAL (Variable Area) Sound records are identical

DOLBY DIGITAL SRâ&#x20AC;˘D / SRâ&#x20AC;˘Dâ&#x20AC;˘EX Data Blocks

Emulsion has a raised profile and matt surface, whilst the base is flat and glossy

STEREO OPTICAL (Stereo Variable Area â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SVA) Sound records differ, especially in passages with music and / or effects

DTS / DTS-ES Optical timecode

MONO Do.; can also be Variable Density type

SDDS P-track

Except in the case of reversal film, the emulsion faces the projector lamp

TAIL

SPLICING TAPE

1

A well-made splice sshould curve smoothly when flexed (1), and not w â&#x20AC;&#x153;jâ&#x20AC;&#x153;jacknifeâ&#x20AC;? (2) or be too ririgid (3)

2 3

Pre-perforated tape - roll

Pre-perforated tape - tab Used on splicers originally designed for cement joining

Tail leader on trailers and short films should be cut at the first visible frameline after the last credit, etc. (1) Framelines on Leaders may often be fainter than normal and should be carefully looked for using a lightbox (2) If there are no framelines a frame counter should be used, or if a longer run-out is desired the film should be cut one frame in advance of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Finishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; frame on the leader (3) Care should be taken not to inadvertently include areas of varying print density in the lengths of leader that appear black; a lightbox is essential to prevent this occurring (4) Short guide marks made every four perforations on the non-soundtrack side of the film prevent incorrect out-of-frame cuts where there are no framelines, and serve to assist the next Projectionist (5)

Splices will jump in projector gate when perforation pitch across the join is either too short or too long; particularly evident with incorrectly set adjustable splicers

STORAGE & ARCHIVING FLATBED EDITING MACHINE Steenbeck Film editing equipment remains in use for print checking and conforming

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Digital silenceâ&#x20AC;? data blocks prevent reversion to analogue

BUTT JOIN For single performance or workprint Also required for 70mm

PERFORATION PITCH

Non-perforated tape â&#x20AC;&#x201C; roll To suit different film gauges and applications Should be sufficiently strong, and not tear or leave residue when removed

IDEAL BLANK SPACING

TYPES OF SPLICE

SPLICING

1000 2000 3000

CinemaScope frame lines - invisible on screen for Flat and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Scope ratios Colour stock for true black image (B/W is grey)

Mylar should also be used on acetate prints CEMENT SPLICER Includes scraper blade for removing emulsion and binder. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hot Splicerâ&#x20AC;? has heated platen to reduce drying time of solvent

SPLICE MARKING

Cement splices now used for specialised joining of acetate print material

Nic

50 mins 100 mins 150 mins

ked

Pe

she

d Ed

ge

s

ACETATE

Line ABRASIONS Intermittent

Negative curl (-): Emulsion softens due to high humidity

MA

RAISED EDGES Caused by unevenly wound film reel

CORRECT ENVIRONMENT Spotlessly clean, controlled projection room environment essential Positive air pressure in room suppresses airborne contaminants

11 mins 7 secs 22 mins 13 secs 44 mins 27 secs 66 mins 40 secs 155 mins 33 secs

FT

70mm 5/70 112½ft/min @ 24fps

1000 2000 4000 6000 14000

8 mins 53 secs 17 mins 47 secs 35 mins 33 secs 53 mins 20 secs 124 mins 27 secs

FT 1000 2000 4000 6000 14000

70mm 15/70 IMAX 336ft/min @ 24fps 2 mins 59 secs 5 mins 57 secs 11 mins 54 secs 17 mins 51 secs 41 mins 40 secs

Tail section marked whilst on core

MI

DE

â&#x20AC;? CU

E MA

S RK

Full Width CROSS-SCRATCHING Partial

EOM â&#x20AC;&#x153;H ES AM FR nuity ING nti SS of Co ss Lo

Bu

Sh

Magenta

2

Film Type All

Temperature 21Ë&#x161; C Maximum (70Ë&#x161; F)

Relative Humidity (%) 55 +/- 5

Cri

3 INCH DIA.

Narrow opaque tape Typically 2 perforations in length Applied on non-soundtrack edge

Sponsored by Bell Theatre Services Ltd. Kodak Entertainment Imaging Steenbeck BV

Photos courtesy: Avcom Ltd. Christie Digital Systems, Inc. CIR srl.

Goldberg Brothers, Inc.

All Cores 1 Inch Bore with Keyway

35mm to 2000ft (preferred) 16mm to 1000ft 70mm

Jack Roe (CS) Ltd. Kodak Entertainment Imaging Kinetronics Europe GmbH Kinoton GmbH NFPPI

35mm to 2000ft (preferred) 16mm to 2000ft

Omnex Pro Film Ltd. Philip Rigby & Sons Ltd. Sound Associates Ltd. Steenbeck BV

FILM-TECH PLATTER SAFETY RING Prevents thrown prints

s

S-BENDS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kinked film layers occur when loose film roll is tightened

TRAINING

PLATTER ROLL IDENTIFICATION Outer winding carries taped label providing identification for prepared roll: TITLE ASPECT RATIO SOUND FORMAT(S) COPY NO. DISTRIBUTOR

The BKSTS is active in providing Training for Projectionists (www.bkstsctc.org)

(1) IMAX PLATTER With Offset Plates

FEED & TAKEUP

Three, four or five Plates Dia. 42in / 44in / 48in / 52in / 55in Various centre ring diameters 35mm / 70mm / IMAX versions (1)

FILM PREPARATION FRAME COUNTER

UNDERSLUNG REELS In conventional 35mm practice soundtrack is always towards the Projectionist when projector is being threaded

FILM CLEANING MEDIA CLEANER Uses disposable cloth pads in roll form

PLATTER COVER Prevents dust settling on prints overnight

Mounted on Projector Low position for safer handling

Can display footage or footage / frames Indexes frameline for accurate splicing

It publishes the Projectionistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Manual and the Current Film Formats Handbook, and a large range of Technical Wallcharts

SPECIALISED PRINT HANDLING

ENDLESS LOOP PLATTER Older, acetate base prints require careful attention to equipment tensions Polyester or mylar base leaders should always be used on the Head of acetate prints Great care should be taken using hand or motorised rewinders, or platter make-up tables

Can be used to apply commercial cleaners and lubricants such as Film Guard

TOWER Single- or double-sided

SPECIALISED ASPECT RATIOS PARTICLE TRANSFER ROLLERS (PTRs)

DTS-70 1:2.39 FORMAT

MOTORISED REWINDER 1 Continuous presentation of non-feature length material can also be achieved through the use of Loop Cabinets similar to those used in Laboratories

Placing reels on lower tower spindle tails out, then rewinding, avoids having to lift reels to upper spindle

CARLSSON SYSTEM Moves platter rolls between auditoria safely using special film cassette (1) and lift mechanism

Heavy 35mm long-play reels and 70mm reels should be lifted by two persons or by chain hoist, etc.

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With spooling plates, keeper arms, tension roller and interchangeable shafts or adaptors 16mm / 35mm / 70mm

Polyurethane low-energy rollers lift dirt particles off film surface Rollers easily removable for routine washing

Utilises frame area on the left and right formerly occupied by magnetic tracks Requires appropriate aperture plate. Standard ratio for 70mm is 1:2.21

Endless loop units have also been developed for other gauges

1:1.19 (Upper) IDEAL CLEANER DEPLOYMENT

MAKE-UP / BREAK-DOWN TABLES Vertical & Horizontal

TER-TO - HU

3:1 Preferred FILM SECURING METHODS Onto cores or reels via slots provided Outer winding secured with camera tape with tabbed end for easy removal and prevention of residue / dirt buildup Small rolls secured with elastic bands

PTRs or Media Cleaner

Electrostatic Cleaner

FLOATING HUB REELS Hub moves independently of reel flanges at large capacities, greatly reducing torque and easing starting tension

Edited by Tony Iles FBKS Compiled by Brian Guckian MBKS Dedicated to John P Pytlak MBKS 1948 - 2007

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Film F may also be damaged by oil and adhesive deposits Automation cues should be applied to a layer of splicing tape for later residue-free removal

SPOKING Occurs when film with Curl is wound with low tension

Bypass lacing of projector from platter keeps film away from floor and free from dirt contamination when threading

GOLDBERG PLATTER REEL Allows print transfer from platter to rewinder and vice versa, and from screen to screen, or between cinemas. 35mm and 70mm versions

4 INCH DIA.

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EMBOSSING â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Excessive heat energy expands picture area

Uses ionisation to reduce static attraction between film surface and dust particles, facilitating their removal via gentle brushing and/or vacuum action 35mm to 300ft max 16mm to 500ft 8mm

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Prints should be made-up using 6000ft reels on a rewind bench prior to loading onto a platter or tower system, to permit inspection and good handling (likewise when breaking down) Care should be taken when handling Leaders

1. Removes embedded dirt 2. Removes lighter material shed in projector gate

Film handling equipment used with magnetic soundtracks (70mm 6-track, 35mm 4-track etc.) should be regularly degaussed to prevent damage to magnetic tracks. Magnetic soundtrack prints must be kept well way from equipment while degaussing is taking place, and kept away at all times from magnetic fields such as generated by motors and transformers, from magnetisable tools and accessories, and from magnets and magnetic materials

With thanks to: Dion Hanson FBKS & BKSTS Cinema Technology Committee Grant Lobban FBKS Eric Bastin FBKS Mike Taylor MBKS Paul Rayton

1:1.33 (Lower)

ACADEMY SILENT Full Aperture

2 INCH DIA.

FILM CORES

Specially-marked proprietary splicing tapes also available

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POLYESTER

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SPLIT REELS Wire type 16mm / 35mm / 70mm

Chinagraph Heated panel prevents flaking

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Outer winding should be of blank opaque spacing, of 20-30ft in length, to allow for satisfactory end of show and to prevent damage to outgoing frames as tail leaves platter

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Relative Humidity (%) 20-30 20-50 20-30 20-50

Recommended Working Conditions for Film Prints

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Platter or Tower

Recommended Storage Conditions for Film Prints Film Type Temperature Colour on polyester base 10Ë&#x161; C (50Ë&#x161; F) ** B&W on polyester base 25Ë&#x161; C Maximum (77Ë&#x161; F) * Colour on cellulose acetate base 10Ë&#x161; C (50Ë&#x161; F) ** B&W on cellulose acetate base 25Ë&#x161; C Maximum (77Ë&#x161; F) * * Storage at less than 20Ë&#x161; C (68Ë&#x161; F) preferred ** For short-term storage 21Ë&#x161; C (70Ë&#x161; F) at 40-50% RH is adequate

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1 Magenta layer removed leaves Cyan + Yellow = Green 2 Magenta + Cyan layers removed leaves Yellow 3 All three layers removed leaves transparent Base

Abrasions are caused by obstructions in the film path, sticking rollers on the projector and / or platter, tension on loose film windings (cinch marking) and misaligned parts Rollers can be marked with a small white dot to easily check rotation, and regular checks of the film path, careful handling and threading as well as a clean environment ensure no damage occurs

ELECTROSTATIC CLEANER TAPE SPLICER Perforates tape with punch and die Adjustable guillotine for accurate film cutting 8mm / 9.5mm / 16mm / 35mm / 70mm versions Additional diagonal guillotine used for 16mm & 35mm magnetic sound film for inaudible splices

red

EMULSION ABRASION 1

FOX MOVIETONE (Early sound-era ratio) Silent frame cropped horizontally via addition of optical soundtrack*

Special needle point correction fluid. For use on join only Perforated steel can with absorbent liner for optimal long-term storage

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Positive curl (+) : Emulsion shrinks due to low humidity COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLY

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ANTI-STATIC FLOOR COVERING

PLATTER

Std 16mm / S-16mm 36ft/min @ 24fps 27 mins 47 secs 55 mins 33 secs 111 mins 7 secs 166 mins 40 secs

1000 2000 4000 6000 14000

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Caused by changes in moisture content of emulsion relative to base

55 mins 33 secs 111 mins 7 secs 166 mins 40 secs

35mm 90ft/min @ 24fps

FT

Mylar spacing (leader) on head of platter rolls or tower reels performs mechanical task of relieving start-up tension and indicates soundtrack position for threading

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EMULSION

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Super 8mm 20ft/min @ 24fps

FT

1000 2000 4000 6000

LABORATORY STOCK JOIN Print stock join Often lies in picture area Usually ultrasonic

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BASE

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Cross-section through width of film

Std 8mm 18ft/min @ 24fps

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HEAD / TAIL SPLICE One frame left on Head and Tail Leader for identification Offset cut to permit overlap join between reels

A single-sided splice when returning prints makes leaders easy to remove at the next venue and greatly reduces damage around splices

FOOTAGE AND RUNNING TIME Determines equipment capacities

1000 2000 3000

OVERLAP JOIN Multiple performances Narrow overlap (c.0.75mm) adds strength and mutes join in analogue soundtrack

4.750mm +/- 0.010mm 0.1870in +/- 0.0004in

1 15 microns dia.

2 7 microns width 2

FILTERED AIR SUPPLY

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FILM HANDLING EQUIPMENT

(5)

CHANGEOVER CUES (SMPTE STANDARD)

Changeover Cues: First cue (Motor Cue) is placed commencing 198 frames (12ft 6fr) from the tail and is 4 frames in duration Second cue (Changeover Cue) is placed commencing 22 frames (1ft 6fr) from the tail and is 4 frames in duration The interval between the end of the Changeover Cue and the tail leader is 18 frames (1ft 2fr)

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BASE & LIGHT EMULSION ABRASIONS APPEAR BLACK HEAD

CYAN DYE TRACK Read with Visible Light (Red) Cannot be played on soundheads using tungsten halogen (exciter lamp) lightsource

HI-MAGENTA TRACK Interim format designed for both tungsten halogen and red LED light sources. Appears identical to traditional variable area track on colour stock, except for Magenta edges

DOLBY SR / DOLBY A Analogue photographic sound record

Tail Leader

1

IMPACT ON THE AUDIENCE Magnification of dirt particle and line scratch on 30ft screen

16mm: Emulsion faces the observer when the film is heads up and the perforations are on the left

VISUAL CHECK OF SOUND FORMATS SDDS S-track

Counts in seconds; alters cueing in changeover operation In all cases the First Frame of Picture follows frame 47 of the blank section of leader as counted from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;3â&#x20AC;&#x2122; on the Academy Leader or â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; on the SMPTE Leader. One frame left on feature print Head and Tail leaders aids correct identification / matching when breaking-down

1

A number in the picture gate with its corresponding diamond mark against the soundhead scanning point will ensure correct synchronisation (1) - Very large auditoria require non-standard picture and sound separation

70mm: Emulsion faces the observer when the film is heads up and the frame index holes are on the right

** Some 1:1.85 prints are masked as 1:1.38 for video transfer purposes. Care must be taken with framing these prints in projection to avoid microphones in shot, etc.

1:1.38 ratio often referred to as 1:1.37

SHIPPING FORMATS

Wound Length

EMULSION AND BASE ORIENTATION PRINT FILM 35mm: Emulsion faces the observer when film is heads up and the soundtrack is on the left

* The difference in frame area between 1:1.66 and 1:1.85 aspect ratios can be difficult to see from visual inspection of the film. If in doubt, a reel should always be screened

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COVING VISUAL CHECK OF ASPECT RATIOS

Occurs when new film is wound loose, emulsion-in, under dry air conditions

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WASHABLE REWIND BENCH

As well as assessment, print examination also involves removal of any laboratory stock joins, and if the print has been previously run, automation cues

Any film damage discovered during examination should be advised to the Distributor. Many cinemas draw up Print Reports for this purpose

MAKE-UP & BREAK-DOWN

LEADER SYNCHRONISATION MARKS

Application 35mm / 70mm 35mm 35mm 35mm Preview & Dubbing / 16mm 16mm

Information is also printed on Head and Tail Leaders

ANTI-PIRACY MARKING COPYRIGHT NOTICE Indicates print is marked with Legal notice of Copyright Refers to International Agreements CAP coding or other form of anti-piracy mark

Demonstrating correct way of holding the film for removal from the can and replacement All wound rolls will slacken during storage

TWIST Scope 2 ½ ins width

A single print can be run over two thousand times without visible degradation

Film damage is easily avoided through training, correct equipment specification, alignment and maintenance, and good operational procedures

OTHER TYPES OF FILM DAMAGE

Flat ø 1 Ÿ ins

WASHABLE PAINT FINISH

Alternatively, some cinemas apply commercial products such as Film Guard

REEL SHAFT & BORE SIZES

12ft 6ins

Flat Âź ins Magenta Dye Layer

Yellow Dye Layer

SOUND FORMAT Dolby A, Dolby SR, Dolby SRâ&#x20AC;˘D, Dolby SRâ&#x20AC;˘Dâ&#x20AC;˘EX, DTS, DTS-ES, Mono, SDDS, SDDS 8-Channel

RECOGNISING & PREVENTING FILM DAMAGE 30ft x

COLOUR PRINT FILM STRUCTURE (SIMPLIFIED)

BASE POLYESTER

1. Correct title?

2. Correct no. of reels?

3. Correct reels?

PRINT EXAMINATION

All print deliveries / collections via secure courier only Print movement instructions in writing via email or fax Personnel collecting prints must provide ID Keep prints in secure areas (locked rooms) at all times Maintain Print Movement Log (Date In / Date Out, etc.)

Ring dispatch if print is not delivered or collected on time Prints should not be kept at cinemas when run is over Projection Rooms kept locked at all times No unauthorised personnel Be alert to suspicious behaviour CAP Code on prints locates individual cinemas

EMULSION

TITLE Title followed by year indicates re-make

Print checking starts before the cans are opened

LANGUAGE

DYE-COUPLED SILVER HALIDE GRAINS IN GELATIN SUBSTRATE

1.

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

TWO TYPICAL PRINT LABELLING SYSTEMS BARCODE Machine-readable data for dispatch and print tracking use

TI O RA

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FILM HANDLING FOR THE PROJECTIONIST PRINT CHECKING

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A'JMN )BOEMJOH GPS UIF 1SPKFDUJPOJTU

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BFI IMAX Cineworld Cinemas www.film-tech.com Jack Roe (CS) Ltd. Warner Bros. Entertainment UK

* Not to be confused with 1:1.38 (Academy Sound) ratio

Published by BKSTS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The Moving Image Society Š 2007 Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire SL0 0NH, UK www.bksts.com info@bksts.com Designed by: Janto McMullin â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Blueprint Reprographics Printed in England by: Graphic Techniques Ltd.

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cinema technology - june 2008

LINK THROUGH

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http://ctmag.slaterelectronics.com

page 55

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cinema technology - june 2008

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