ABSTRACTS
Vlady, La isba en donde vivi贸 la familia Kibalchich-Russakov en Orenburg (centro de deportaci贸n), URSS, 1934.
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DOSSIER IS MARXISM A PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY? MARX, THE THEORY OF PROGRESS, AND THE RUSSIAN QUESTION Horacio Tarcus SUMMARY. The author proposes a reading of Marxism that rescues the creative potential of the materialist conception of history, tied to the emancipatory dimension of Marxist socialism. The recovery of this notion implies distancing Marxism from historic productivist/progressive philosophies without failing to recognize its debt to positivism, but highlighting a richer and more multidimensional vision of history. KEY
WORDS:
Marx, history, progress, philosophy.
THE IMMANENCE AND T RANSCENDENCE OF P RAXIS. O BSERVATIONS CONCEPTION OF HISTORY IN VICO AND MARX
ON THE
Jaime Massaro y Lorena Fuentes SUMMARY. Our article shows how the notion of practices constitutes the point of departure of the cognitive proposition found in the works of Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) and Karl Marx (1818-1883). Praxis, conceived as the specific form in which human beings seek to satisfy our spiritual and material necessities, is transformed, given this specificity in the Demiurge of history, and blazes its own trail. Thus considered, praxis is an essentially immanent phenomenon. Our findings show, however, that praxis also struggles to recover infinity, to transcend. Through the search for satisfaction of this necessity praxis becomes the bearer of the fight for transcendence and, beyond that, the vehicle par excellence of its search. KEY WORDS: Immanence, transcendence, history, philosophy, knowledge
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A RE-READING OF THE IDEA OF PROGRESS FROM THE ETHIC OF DISCOURSE Ricardo M. Rivas SUMMARY. This paper considers the criticisms made of the modern idea of progress which provoked negative consequences in history while it was equated with instrumental reason. This situation permitted those critics of reason to declare “the end of history”. However, this paper aims to review the former considering the ethics of discourse as a conceptual framework, as in Apel and Habermas, who aimed to address and revalue the emancipatory potential of reason and hold a perspective of sense for history. KEY WORDS : Sense of history, progress, communicative rationality; emancipation.
PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES OF HISTORY: RUDIMENTS FOR THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATIVE PHENOMENA
Julio César Horta SUMMARY. The purpose of this essay is to expose an area of speculation, which is necessary for the social communication investigator’s understanding and investigation of phenomena as historical fact. Therefore, we attempt to describe a part of German philosophy of history, to explain the usefulness of its language, categories and relationships, as a theoretical tool in the analytical and interpretive of a communications scholar, for the sake of being able to determine the historic process of communication, the latter understood as a manifestation of a culture semiotics. KEY WORDS: Phenomena communicative, culture, system signs, German philosophy of History, analytical categories, interpretation, universal meaning.
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ARTÍCULOS MEANING IN THE FAMILIAR AND IN THE STRANGE WORLD Carlos A. Buscarini SUMMARY. The present article is based in the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Alfred Schütz. We attempt to show parallels between both thinkers as regards the assimilation of one’s own culture and foreign cultures, and we also consider a similarity between the need to remake education and internalize foreign cultural patterns when attempting to gain access to a foreign community. We notice the determinant characteristic of language in its communicative function and we stress the importance of the notion of ideal types, not only in the attitude of natural thought but also in the interest of social science specialists. Philosophical thought remains implicit with regard to the foundation of the social sciences. KEY WORDS: Language, communication, types, education, cultures.
THE POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY OF ÉMILE DURKHEIM: THE CENTRALITA OF THE PROBLEM STATE IN HIS REFLECTIONS FROM THE YEARS 1883-1885
OF THE
Graciela Inda SUMMARY. The sociology of Durkheim is not limited to his best-known and most analyzed works. There are writings (critiques, articles, essays, speeches, lessons) that are less famous, only recently distributed worldwide and not yet translated into Spanish, that contain Durkheim’s theoretical reflections and participation in the political debates of latenineteenth century and early twentieth century France. These writings serve to enrich our comprehension of his creative output. Among these writings are those that belong to the period 1883-1885, shortly before the presentation of his major work The Division of Labor in Society, and which constitute the raw material of this investigation. Andamios 285
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KEY
WORDS:
Durkheim, Classic, Political Sociology, State, 1883-1885.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, GENERALIZABLE INTERESTS, AND HUMAN NEEDS Alejandro Sahuí SUMMARY. The objective is to contribute to the discussion of Cristina Lafont’s notion of political legitimacy, emphasizing its realism—not constructivism—as understood in Jürgen Habermas’ discursive ethics. The author argues that legitimacy is usually associated with decisionmaking procedures but is not identical to mere agreement per se. Legitimacy incorporates the idea of the general interest as a practical presupposition. These interests are defined as fundamental rights in the procedure. The notion of justice in this sense is a contextual one, but capable of transcending historical agreements and susceptible to revision in terms of truth. KEY WORDS: Legitimacy, justice, fundamental rights, interests, discourse ethics.
AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOCUS ON THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE: A BASIC PROPOSAL BASED ON KUHN, POPPER, LAKATOS AND FEYERABEND Leonarda García SUMMARY. Social sciences haven´t had the same development as natural sciences. This is due to two reasons: first, social sciences haven’t accumulated knowledge in the same proportion as natural sciences; second, there is no clear agreement about the definition of science. Therefore, the intention of this article is to elaborate an approximation to the concept of science, based on the ideas of Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend. KEY WORDS: Scientific knowledge, philosophy of science, epistemology, classifications of sciences, social sciences.
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CONCEPTUAL LIMITATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF MALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HIV EPIDEMIC IN MEXICO
Felipe J. Uribe Salas SUMMARY. The role of epidemiology in the study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its spread among human populations has been outstanding. The epidemiological theory about “multi-factorial etiology” has allowed the identification of the main “risk factors” of HIV infection, particularly those related to sex practices. Nevertheless, that theory has epistemological limitations to study the social and cultural elements related to sexual behavior in the context of HIV. As a result, we propose to improve the epidemiological theory where the study of sexual behavior is concerned by including gender concepts like sexual identity and sexual role, because these concepts are close to the main objective of sexual behavior study in epidemiology, which is sexual practices. KEY WORDS: Epidemiology, risk analysis, HIV infection, sexual practices, gender role, sexual identity.
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