Boulder booklet long version

CONNECT MAPPING THE THE HIGHWATER DOTS AND HAZARDS HISTORY OF BOULDER CREEK Mary Miss 2007 Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art, ‘Weather Report: Art and Climate Change’

The process of focusing on an ephemeral event outside memory or experience produces an alternative kind of map of the city. Rather than claiming property or territory, it uses the infrastructure of the city--its bridges, stairs, streets and buildings--to create a three dimensional map which makes apparent the ever changing presence of water. Instead of an abstraction, it is a mapping that makes apparent the constancy of change.

This project is intended to bring attention to the possible flooding of Boulder Creek. It suggests some of the issues to be considered and how this information might be revealed.

A fully implemented project would deal with these points and others in detail; it would be an ongoing collection of information involving experts in the field as well as the observations of the residents of Boulder

In the spring of 1894, a 100 year flood event occurred in downtown Boulder. Flash floods in Boulder Creek caused widespread damage as the city was inundated. Smaller floods have occurred in 1914, 1919, 1921, 1938 and 1969.

The 100 year flood is used by FEMA to regulate flood plain management. Many experts believe it would be prudent for communities to be prepared for a 500 year flood event. A 100 year flood has 1% chance of occurring in any given year, a 500 year flood has a .2% chance of occurring. It is possible for two or more such events to occur in a single year. New weather patterns make the forecasting of such events less predictable: Hurricane Katrina had a .25% chance of occurring.

The city of Boulder is located at the mouth of Boulder Canyon. Because of its location, the nature of the steep slopes and long approach upstream the city is highly susceptible to flooding. The city is considered to be a high hazard zone where the question is not if there will be a flood but when will it happen.

k CREEK Gregory Cree

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THE PROJECT How can the imagination be provoked to envision an event outside our daily experience? How can the predicted flooding of Boulder Creek be made tangible to the residents of this city?

Downtown Boulder, from Eben G. Fine Park to Folsom Street, is the focus of this project. A series of modest scale elements will be integrated into the fabric of the city to help residents better understand the nature of floods. As residents go about their daily lives, they will come across fragments of information which, over time, will give them a clearer sense of their relationship to this aspect of their immediate environment.

A three-dimensional mapping of the 500 year floodwaters’ predicted depth and extent is marked with circular blue discs: Along Boulder Creek, blue circular markers are attached to trees and fences to show the height of the water during a 500-year flood.

Various buildings in the floodplain such as the Library, Boulder High School and Municipal Building also have highwater marks.

Large boulders that were moved by pre-historic floods are marked with blue dots.

Blue dots marking the 500 year floodplain limit are painted on the side walks and streets at key intersections.

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is used to reveal detailed informa tion about the watershed, Boulder Creek, its potential floods and its his tory. Data could be updated as needed.

Looking from one point to the next, connecting the dots, the level and extent of a flood is no longer abstract.

These are studies which have not been implemented

STUDY PROJECT To more fully reveal the nature, characteristics, and history of Boulder Creek’s floods, an additional series of elements are proposed: A series of seating areas are created adjacent to the creek, each focusing on a single aspect of the creek. Highwater alert signal lights are located at each seating area.

Water gauges are placed on an abutment of each bridge to show historic flood levels and predicted flood water depths for each location.

Steps and stairs along the creek are marked to show seasonal changes in the water level.

GIS might be made accessible to the public at a dedicated computer station in the Boulder Library. Residents, having been made aware of the different aspects of highwater, could come here for more information.

Videos of previous floods, photographs, written descriptions, audio recordings about Boulder Creek by a politician, a poet or hydrologist could be made available here.

Wall of water: a nine foot high undulating wire mesh fence gives a suggestion of the condition created by a “flash flood”.

Following are a series of collaged images showing the estimated height and extent of the 500 year flood. Only a few of these have been completed for the exhibition

THE PROJECT

TREES, FENCES, PARKING LOTS MARKED TO SHOW HIGH WATER LEVEL

The positions of the dots are approximate and are based on our best interpretation of flood maps and flood plain profiles provided by FEMA and the city of Boulder

MARRIED STUDENT HOUSING

BROADWAY AND CANYON INTERSECTION

The dots shown here are schematic and indicate approximate locations

KEY BUILDINGS MARKED TO SHOW 500 YR FLOOD PLAIN Naropa University

Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art

Boulder High School

Boulder Public Library

Historic Highland Building

One Boulder Plaza

Boulder County Municipal Building

Boulder Municipal Center

9th street between Pearl and Walnut

13th Street and Canyon

17th Street and Canyon

Broadway and Canyon

STREETS AND SIDEWALKS MARKED TO SHOW 500 YR FLOOD PLAIN

Boulders over 6ft across near the Justice Center were used to calculate the floods necessary to move them. University of Coloradogeology professor Bill Bradley(ret.) and former graduate student Art Mears calculated that they were moved by discharges and velocities within the estimated range of the 500-year flood

BOULDERS MOVED BY PRE-HISTORIC FLOODWATERS MARKED

GIS mapping is used to reveal detailed information about the Boulder Creek watershed, its potential to flood, and its history

A preliminary version will be available during the exhibit on the website www.marymiss.com

(news)

To more fully reveal the nature, characteristics and history of Boulder Creek floods ideas for an additional series of elements are proposed.

These are studies which have not been implemented

STUDY PROJECTS

A SERIES OF SEATING AREAS ADJACENT TO CREEK, EACH FOCUSING ON A SINGLE ASPECT OF FLOODING

TIME, VELOCITY, VOLUME, DISCHARGE, SPACE (WIDE & NARROW), SURFACE PERMEABILITY (HIGH & LOW),

GLOBAL WARMING, TRIBUTARIES, WATERSHEDS

Audio descriptions of Boulder Creek

HIGH WATER ALERT SIGNAL LIGHTS AT SEATING AREA ALONG CREEK Maps and Photographs

Seating areas of curving 12� bands of steel give information about Boulder Creek

Paved surfaces prevent rain and snow melt form percolating into the ground, causing large volumes of water to enter streams rapidly

Heavy thunderstorms can saturate the soils and cause intense runoff. This will sometimes result in a large volume of water accumulating in a short period of time, creating a wall of water that could range from a few feet high to ten feet or higher.

A nine foot high undulating steel mesh fence gives the viewer a sense of the proportion of such an event.

WALL OF WATER

BRIDGE WATER GAUGES INDICATE POSSIBLE WATER DEPTH AND SHOW HISTORIC FLOOD LEVELS

F L O O D WATERS WILL BE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AT EACH BRIDGE AS THE FLOODWATER SPREADS OUT AS IT MOVES DOWNSTREAM

STEPS AND STAIRS STEPS ALONG CREEK MARKED TO SHOW RISING STREAM LEVEL

HIGHWATER

HISTORY HAZARDS

The multiple aspects of Boulder Creek and its flood waters could be made accessible through the mapping capabilities of GIS

GIS PROJECT

AUDIO TAPES VOICES DESCRIBING DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF BOULDER CREEK:

ADDITIONAL STORIES, IMAGES AND DESCRIPTIONS ARE ADDED OVER TIME

SCIENTISTS POET POLITICIAN RESIDENT

WRITTEN DESCRIPTIONS OF PREVIOUS FLOODS

VIDEO OF 1969 FLOOD

DETAILED INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF ARTICLES, SCIENTIFIC STUDIES, AND GRAPHS REVEAL ASPECTS OF THE CREEK IN DETAIL.

BOULDER HAS 13 CREEKS FLOWING WEST TO EAST, NORTH / SOUTH TRAVEL BECOMES DANGEROUS IN FLOODS FOREST FIRE DAMAGE CAN CHANGE WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS; LESS ABSORPTION, QUICKER RUNOFF

TIME, VELOCITY, VOLUME, DISCHARGE, SPACE (WIDE & NARROW), SURFACE PERMEABILITY (HIGH & LOW),

GLOBAL WARMING, TRIBUTARIES, WATERSHEDS

HISTORIC FLOODS 1894 -12,000 CFS 1914 - 5,000 CFS 1919 1921 - 3,000 CFS 1938 - 4,410 CFS 1969 - 3,000 CFS

SMALLER FLOODS 1876, 1885, 1887, 1897, 1904, 1909, 1941, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1972, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1996

Flood Heights Above Streambed FEMA 1990

RECCURENCE INTERVAL 10 years

50 years

100 years

500 year

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100 YEAR FLOOD - USED BY FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY TO REGULATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT MEANS 1% CHANCE OF FLOOD BEING EQUALED OR EXCEEDED IN ANY GIVEN YEAR COULD COME FROM A STORM PRODUCING AS LITTLE AS 2.5-3” OF RAIN IN 1 TO 2 HOURS OR FROM A LONG DURATION STORM OVER SEVERAL DAYS. THESE STORMS HAPPEN 150 TIMES A YEAR IN COLORADO BECAUSE OF WARMING THERE MAY BE AN INCREASE IN FREQUENCY OF THESE EVENTS

FLOW RATE CFS - CUBIC FEET PER SECOND OF WATER FLOW AVERAGE FLOW RATES DECEMBER - 28 CFS JUNE - 317 CFS PEAK RAINFALL - 700 CFS (OVER 500 CFS DANGEROUS TO TUBERS) 100 YEAR FLOOD - 12,000 CFS AT MOUTH OF CANYON BURST UPSTREAM DAM - 703,000 CFS AT MOUTH OF CANYON

PHOTOS OF 1894 FLOOD

CIRCULAR ENAMELED HISTORICAL FLOOD PHOTOGRAPHS LOCATED AT THE SITE EACH WAS TAKEN 1894 PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE CARNEGIE BRANCH LIBRARY FOR LOCAL HISTORY

BOULDER CREEK IS IN THE SOUTH PLATTE RIVER WATERSHED AT THE HEADWATERS OF THE VAST MISSISSIPPI DRAINAGE SYSTEM

A SERIES OF MAPS REVEAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE WATERSHED

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GIS mapping is used to reveal detailed information about the Boulder Creek watershed, its potential to flood, and its history

GIS MAP LIST:

500 year flood zone Historic Districts Parks and Open Space Neighborhoods Foot and Vehicular Bridge Project Locations Historic Photo Locations Geologic Hazard Zones and Natural Landmarks Streams Hydrology

A preliminary version will be available during the exhibit on the website www.marymiss.com

(news)

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Macky Dr

CREEK

Stadium D r

Boulder Restricted

Wardenburg Dr 16th St

15th St

58 00

54 8 0

19th

DITCH 7th St

0

Arapahoe Av

Hydrology_Line

10th St

60 0 0

20th St

19th St

18th St

17th St

15th St

13th St

CREEK-I NT

Grove St

Folsom St

Grove St

22nd St

5320

Goss St

t

St

Rd

Folsom St

21st St

19th St

18th St

S 15th

Goss St

Colorado Av

Lincoln Pl

Flagsta ff

l

t

t

St

Legend DITCH

9th St 9th St

61 20 60 80

P 24th

St

S 23rd

22nd

St 21st

St 20th

S 19th

t

t

Goss St

t

t

Pl

62 00

t

t

t

Walnut S t

Hillside Rd

Pleasant St

Grant Pl

8th St

63 20

S 26th

t

St

S 24th

22nd

St 21st

S 20th

S 18th

S 15th t S 13th

S 11th 10th

ln Linco

8th St

6th St

5600

Gilbert St

se Ro Euclid Av

r ll D Hi

e St

Boulder Cree k

Grand View Av

University Av University Av

5480

c Spru

Athens St

5440

Jay St

57 60

58 40

INT

t 8th S

Di tc h Dean Pl

Jay St

56 80

d fR taf gs Fla

6160

CRE EK-

H DITC

Arapahoe Av

ln Pl

7th St

sio n

Hapgood St

58 00 59 20 58 80

t

Boulder & Lefthand Ditch

Grove St

Arapahoe Av

Linco

6th St 6th St

5th St

xte n

5720

Waln

t

t

t

4th St

K-INT CREE

on E

S Bluff

ut St Waln ut S t

Bv

v on B Cany

t 5th S

4th S

t 5400

ers

Panorama Av

South

S 14th

S 11th

S 10th

t 9th S

t 8th S

t 7th S

t 5th S

t 4th S 3rd S

Arapahoe Av

t

l St Pear

S 17th

t

St 15th

dway Broa

St 11th

t

t 8th S

Dr

S 10th

od

CREEK

W Ln

An d

5960

on Cany

LATER AL

55 20

5560

S 16th

t

t ce S Spru

r D

o llw

oe

l St Pear

l St Pear

n Av

t

S 15th

dway Broa

k oc R

o Kn Ditch

H TC DI

h pa

54 00

Dr Mesa

to Maple

S Pine

6th St

n

5th St

e re G

ke Silver La

0 56 8

t

Alpine Dr

Alpine Av

S 18th

High St

7th St

5520

56 40

View R d

rl St

Pea l St Pear t on C Beac

17th St

t Bv

St Pin e

t ce S Spru

Marine St

63 60 64 00

n

9th St

CREEK-INT

Mounta in

Ara

62 80

11th St

10th St

7th St

56 00

5760

Highland Av

ce S Spru

oe Av

40 62

a Portl

e Suns

d Pl

Maxwell Av

Mapleton Av Mapleton Av

60 40

54 00

Portland Pl

Maxwell Av

Arapa h

11th St

10th St

4th St

North St

Dewey Av Av Concord PARKS AND OPENSPACE

15th St

North St

Alpine Av

Farmers Ditch

5th St

8th St

4th St

h St

6th St

5th St

Alpine Av

INT

5640

58 00

5680 5720

EKCRE

Valley View Dr

Tyler Rd

0

250

500

Boulder Open Space 1,000 Feet

Willard Loop Dr

Boulder Parks and Recreation Other Open Lands

St Balsa m

22nd

t

St

S Bluff

t

High St

S 20th

S Pine

Boulder & W hiterock Ditch

n Av

t

to Maple

t

t

Folsom St

19th St

22nd St

23rd St

5320

Grove St

Grove St

t

15th St

13th St

CREEK

7th St

21st St

Stadium D r

DITCH

Taft Dr

A University Heights

5360

Macky Dr

CREEK

St

Hillside Rd

Pleasant St

CR EE K

20th St

19th St

0

Arapahoe Av

t

Gregory Cree k

54 8 0

l

t

Goss St

t

S 11th 10th

University Av

9th St

CREEK-I NT

P 24th

St

S 23rd

22nd 21st St

Goss St

Boulder Cree k

Grand View Av

5440

Dean Pl

56 80

Hapgood St

Marine St

Pl

Di tc h

ln Linco

sio n

Jay St

5720

Walnut S t

Athens St

8th St

xte n

t 8th S

on E

19th St

S 15th

S 13th

Grove St

ln Pl

7th St

ers

Goss St

Arapahoe Av

Linco

6th St

5th St

K-INT CREE

An d

t 18th St

Bv

t

t

4th St

5400

55 20

S 19th

t

on Cany

t 5th S

4th S

Arapahoe Av

e St

t

S 15th t

t

S 10th

t 9th S

t 8th S

t 7th S

t 5th S

t 4th S

CREEK

Marine St 5560

St

LATER AL

W Ln

c Spru

St

Boulder & Lefthand Ditch

S 14th

l Pear

S 11th

View R d

t

a

e ho

3rd S

p Ara

oe Av

St

St

t

Dr

H TC DI

l Pear t C on Beac

S 10th

od

Ditch

0 56 8

c Spru

t ce S Spru

e St

St 21st

t

t

S 17th

S 16th

t

t 8th S

o llw

ke Silver La

Mounta in

H DITC

South

ut Waln

r D

o Kn

k oc R

6th St

n

5th St

e re G

56 40

Arapa h

dway Broa

7th St

5520

Highland Av

S 18th

S 15th

CREEK-INT

Mapleton Av

t

v

St

n

St 21st

55 20

Dr Mesa

S 26th

DITC H

Alpine Av

S 18th

11th St

10th St

7th St

56 00

5760

a Portl

et B Suns

d Pl

Maxwell Av

Maxwell Av

Panorama Av

S 24th

54 00

Portland Pl

Concord Av NEIGHBORHOODS

54 00

22nd

Dewey Av

11th St

10th St

4th St

North St

Alpine Dr

19th

DITCH

58 00

17th St

North St

15th St

Alpine Av

Farmers Ditch

5th St

8th St

4th St

h St

th St

5th St

Alpine Av

INT

5640

58 00

5680 5720

EKCRE

Valley View Dr

Tyler Rd

Legend

Pennsylvania Av

Streets

Colorado Av

Streams_usgs Hydrology_Line

500-Year Flood Plain Parks & Open Space

Neighborhoods

Wardenburg Dr 0

250

500

Central Boulder 1,000 Feet

Willard Loop Dr

Colorado University Crossroads

Regent Dr

CREE K

15th St

60 0 0

Rd Flagsta ff

61 20 60 80

Buildings

Baker Dr

Cockerell Dr

62 00

Hydrology_Lakes

Euclid Av

16th St

63 20

Lakes_usgs

Engineering Dr

Libby Dr

18th St

14th St

10th St

Euclid Av

13th St

12th St

11th St

College Av

Grant Pl

r ll D Hi

8th St

INT

se Ro Av Euclid

6th St

5600

CRE EK-

Gilbert St

63 60 64 00

57 60

58 40

6160

62 80

5480

Lincoln Pl

60 40

40 62

Contour Lines

Jay St

58 00 59 20 58 80

5960

St Balsa m

22

t

St Pin e

S 20th

S Pine

Boulder & W hiterock Ditch

High St

t

St

n Av

t

11th St

t

t

7th St

Gregory Cree k

0

CREEK

A

22nd St

Vehicular_Bridges

Colorado Av

Streets Streams_usgs

Baker Dr

Hydrology_Line Contour Lines

Euclid Av

Hydrology_Lakes

Wardenburg Dr 16th S

0

250

500

Buildings 1,000 Feet

500-Year Flood Plain Parks & Open Space

Willard Loop Dr

Engineering Dr

Major Roads

Cockerell Dr

14th St

Euclid Av

Libby Dr

18th St

College Av

15th St

54 8 0

19th St

21st St

University Heights

5360

Macky Dr

CR EE K

Taft Dr

Stadium Footbridge

13th St

CREE K

24th Street (Folsum

Legend

12th St

60 0 0

15th St

13th St

CREEK-I NT

20th St

19th Street Footbridge

Hillside Rd

Pennsylvania Av

11th St

Rd

Arapahoe Av Arapahoe Av

FootBridge-Location

College Av

10th St

Flagsta ff

Folsom St

22nd St

5320

19th St

18th St

St

61 20 60 80

Folsom St

21st St

19th St

Grove St

Colorado Av

Lincoln Pl

62 00

l

t

t Grove St

t DITCH

9th St 9th St

63 20

P 24th

St

S 23rd

22nd

S 19th

18th St

17th St

S 11th 10th

Boulder Cree k

Pleasant St

Grant Pl

8th St

INT

se Ro Euclid Av

6th S

5600

Gilbert St

57 60

58 40

d fR taf gs Fla

6160

CRE EK-

University Av University Av

5480

r ll D Hi

Goss St

Arapahoe Av

Marine St

17th Street Bridge Grand View Av

Pl

Jay St

58 00 59 20 58 80

ln Linco

56 80

Hapgood St

High School Footbridge

5440

Dean Pl

Jay St

5720

Di tc h

Goss St

Pl

sio n

St

Athens St

8th St

xte n

t 8th S

on E

ln Linco

7th St

5th St

ers

Goss St

t

t

6th St

4th St

5400

Walnut S t

Boulder & Lefthand Ditch

Grove St

Arapahoe Av

9th Street Bridge

St 21st

t

S 15th

City Hall Footbridge

e St

t

t S 13th

t

t

Arapahoe Av

South

S 14th

Bv

t

v on B Cany

St 20th

S 18th

t

t

St

t on Cany

Boulder Public Library

CREEK

nW eL

S 17th

S 16th

S 15th

dway Broa

S 11th

S 10th

t 9th S

t 5th S

4th S

3rd S

K-INT CREE 63 60 64 00

St

ut Waln

l St Pear ut St Waln

LATER AL

An d

5960

l Pear

t 8th S

t 7th S

t 5th S

t 4th S

l St Pear

St 11th

t

Dr

l St Pear

e St

55 20

5560

S 10th

od

o ah

t

View R d

Marine St

62 80

St 15th

t 8th S

o llw

Ditch

H TC DI

p Ara

oe Av

40 62

t ce S Spru

r D

o Kn

k oc R

6th St

n

5th St

e re G

ke Silver La

0 56 8

c Spru

l St Pear t on C Beac

60 40

t

dway Broa

7th St

5520

56 40

Mounta in

ce S Spru

Sixth Street Bridge Arapa h

S 15th

9th St

CREEK-INT

Highland Av

H DITC

c Spru

Regent Dr

10th St

to Maple

t

t Bv S 18th

an Portl

e Suns

d Pl

Maxwell Av

Mapleton Av Mapleton Av

S 26th

St

S Bluff

S 24th

54 00

Portland Pl

7th St

56 00

5760

55 20

Dr Mesa

22nd

DITC H

Panorama Av

54 00

Alpine Av

19th

DITCH

58 00

Alpine Dr

St 21st

10th St

4th St

North St

11th St

Farmers Ditch

Alpine Av

Dewey Av

FOOT AND Concord Av VEHICULAR BRIDGES Maxwell Av

7th St

8th St

5th St

North St

5th St

th St

St

St

5th St

Alpine Av

INT

5640

58 00

5680 5720

EKCRE

Valley View Dr

Tyler Rd

St Balsa m

22

A

19th St

Boulder & W hiterock Ditch

22nd St

Colorado Av

Legend

21st St

Contour Lines Hydrology_Lakes

Wardenburg Dr 16th St

0

250

500

Buildings 1,000 Feet

500-Year Flood Plain Parks & Open Space

Willard Loop Dr

Regent Dr

Hydrology_Line

Engineering Dr

Streams_usgs

Baker Dr

Cockerell Dr

14th St

Euclid Av

Major Roads Streets

Euclid Av 15th St

55 20

54 8 0

19th

DITCH

58 00

DITC H

St

CREEK

Gregory Cree k

0

7th St

CR EE K

University Heights

Libby Dr

18th St

College Av 13th St

12th St

CREE K

Taft Dr

5360

Macky Dr

CREEK

Stadium D r

Pennsylvania Av

11th St

60 0 0

20th St

19th St

18th St

17th St

Marine St

Arapahoe Av Arapahoe Av

NAROPA University Married Student Housing

Hillside Rd

15th St

13th St

CREEK-I NT

t

Arapahoe Av

Folsom St

Grove St

22nd St

5320

Grove St

Installation_Locations

College Av

10th St

Rd

Folsom St

21st St

19th St

18th St

S 15th

Goss St

Colorado Av

Lincoln Pl

Flagsta ff

l

t

t

St DITCH

9th St 9th St

61 20 60 80

P 24th

St

S 23rd

22nd

St 21st

St 20th

t

S 15th

Goss St

t

Pl

62 00

t

t

t

S 19th

t

St 15th t

t

S 11th

10th

ln Linco

63 20

S 26th

S 24th

St

St 21st

S 20th

t S 17th

t

St

Boulder Cree k

Grand View Av

Pleasant St

Grant Pl

8th St

INT

6th St

5600

Gilbert St

57 60

58 40

d fR taf gs Fla

6160

CRE EK-

se Ro Euclid Av

r ll D Hi

Goss St

Grove St

Boulder High School

University Av University Av

5480

e St

Walnut S t

Boulder & Lefthand Ditch

ln Pl

Jay St

58 00 59 20 58 80

BMOCA

H DITC

c Spru

Athens St

8th St

56 80

Hapgood St

t

South

St

5440

Dean Pl

Jay St

Di tch

Boulder Public Library

t 8th S

7th St

sio n

ut Waln

Central Park Arapahoe Av Boulder Municipal Campus Linco

6th St 6th St

5th St

xte n

5720

S 13th

t

on E

S Bluff

ut St Waln

S 14th

t

t

t 5th S

4th S

t

4th St

K-INT CREE

ers

dway Broa

S 11th

S 10th

t 9th S

t 8th S

t 7th S

t 5th S

t 4th S 3rd S

Highland School

5400

An d

St 11th

t

t 8th S

Dr

Arapahoe Av

55 20

5960

Bv o nMunicipal Cany

LATER AL

Park

Marine St 5560

S 10th

od

CREEK

nW eL

l St Pear

17th & Canyon 13th bet Walnut & Canyon Boulder One v Plaza B on Cany Broadway & Canyon

Center

Justice Center

S 16th

t

r D

o llw

H TC DI

o ah

l St Pear

t

S 18th

S 15th

dway Broa

t ce S Spru

9th & Pearl Boulder One Plaza

n Av

t

St Pin e

9th St

k oc R

o Kn Ditch

0 56 8

e St

Dr Mesa

S 18th

High St

6th St

n

5th St

e re G

ke Silver La

View R d

54 00

Alpine Av

to Maple

S Pine

St

Alpine Dr

22nd

t Bv

Maxwell Av

ce Spru

l St Pear

7th St

e Suns

l nd P

7th St

5520

56 40

p Ara

62 80

a Portl

11th St

10th St

7th St

CREEK-INT

Mounta in c Spru

oe Av

40 62

11th St

10th St

4th St

56 00

5760

Highland Av

l St Pear t on C Beac

60 40

54 00

Portland Pl

Mapleton Av Mapleton Av

Arapa h

63 60 64 00

North St

Dewey Av

Concord Av PROJECT LOCATION Maxwell Av

5th St

North St

Alpine Av

Farmers Ditch

5th St

8th St

h St

St

St

th St

Alpine Av

INT

5640

58 00

5680 5720

EKCRE

Valley View Dr

Tyler Rd

Boulder & W hiterock Ditch

23rd St

19th St

22nd St

University Heights

A

Colorado Av

Libby Dr

Historic_Photos

13th St

Major Roads Streets

Baker Dr

Streams_usgs

Cockerell Dr

14th St

Euclid Av

Hydrology_Line

Euclid Av

Contour Lines

Wardenburg Dr 16th St

0

250

500

Hydrology_Lakes 1,000 Feet

Buildings Parks & Open Space

Willard Loop Dr

Engineering Dr

College Av

18th St

College Av

Regent Dr

CREEK

Gregory Cree k

21st St

55 20

Balsa m

St

Taft Dr

5360

Macky Dr

CREEK

Arapahoe Av

Stadium D r

15th St

58 0

DITC H

19th

DITCH 7th St

20th St

19th St

18th St

17th St

CR EE K

Arapahoe Av

Hillside Rd

15th St

13th St

CREE K

Goss St

Grove St

Grove St

t

0

Goss St

Folsom St

23rd St

21st St

Goss St 5320

S 15th

18th St

19th St

X-11873

X-11872

Legend

12th St

60 0 0

Folsom St

t

54 8 0

t

t

St

Boulder & Lefthand Ditch

t

CREEK-I NT

l

Walnut S t

Pennsylvania Av

11th St

Rd

P 24th

St

S 23rd

22nd

St 21st

St 20th

S 19th

South

Colorado Av

10th St

Flagsta ff

t

t

S 15th

t S 13th

t

61 20 60 80

e St

t

St 15th S 14th

S 11th DITCH

Lincoln Pl

62 00

t

S 20th

S 18th

t

S 17th

S 16th

t

dway Broa St

63 20

S 26th

t

St

S 24th

22nd

St 21st

t

H DITC

c Spru

Boulder Cree k

Grand View Av

Pleasant St

Grant Pl

se Ro Euclid Av

r ll D Hi

8th St

INT

w Av nd Vie

University Av University Av

5480

6th St

5600

Gilbert St

57 60

58 40

d fR taf gs Fla

6160

CRE EK-

10th

Jay St

58 00 59 20 58 80

t

Athens St

9th St 9th St

56 80

Hapgood St

S Bluff

Arapahoe Av

5440

Dean Pl

Jay St

5720

Di tc h

Gra

n Av

Grove St

Arapahoe Av

8th St

sio n

X-11876

Bv

X-11874

X-11866 X-11865

t 8th S

xte n

X-11870

ln Pl

7th St

5th St

on E

v on B Cany

Linco

6th St 6th St

4th St

K-INT CREE

ers

on Cany

t

l St Pear

X-11875

5400

An d

St

t

t

t

Arapahoe Av

Dr Mesa

ut St Waln

t

t 5th S

4th S

3rd S

CREEK

S 10th

t 9th S

t 8th S

t 7th S

t 5th S

t 4th S

H TC DI

X-11868 LATER AL

55 20

5960

St

ut Waln

S 11th

e St

nW eL

St 11th

t

Dr

earl l St P Pear

Marine St 5560

S 10th

od

View R d

Alpine Av

S 18th

S 15th

dway Broa

t ce S Spru

t 8th S

o llw

Ditch

0 56 8

ho

t

0

Alpine Dr

to Maple

S Pine

St Pin e

r D

o Kn

k oc R

6th St

n

5th St

e re G

ke Silver La

ce S Spru

l St Pear

v

High St

7th St

5520

56 40

oe Av

62 80

n

9th St

CREEK-INT

c Spru

h St

10th St

7th St

56 00

5760

Mounta in

pa Ara

40 62

a Portl

et B Suns

d Pl

Maxwell Av

Maxwell Av

Highland Av

l St Pear t on C Beac

60 40

54 00

11th St

5720

Concord Av

Mapleton Av Mapleton Av

Arapa h

11th St

10th St

4th St

North St

Portland Pl

X-11867

360 400

Farmers Ditch

5th St

8th St

St

North St

Dewey Av

HISTORIC PHOTOS

h St

St

t

Alpine Av

INT

5680

5640

EKCRE

Valley View Dr

Alpine Av

22n

St Balsa m

Panorama Av

Alpine Av Dr Mesa

t

Boulder & W hiterock Ditch

S 20th

S Pine

t

t

CREEK

Gregory Cree k

23rd St

54 8 0

19th St

22nd St

Hydrology_Lakes Buildings 500-Year Flood Plain

Baker Dr

Geologic Hazard

Cockerell Dr

14th St

Major Hazard

Euclid Av

Moderate Hazard

Wardenburg Dr 16th St

0

250

500

Moderate Constraint 1,000 Feet

Willard Loop Dr

Minor Constraint Parks & Open Space

Engineering Dr

13th St

Euclid Av

Libby Dr

18th St

College Av

Regent Dr

CREEK

21st St

Colorado Av

Hydrology_Line

Natural Landmarks

College Av

15th St

0

7th St

CR EE K

Streets

Contour Lines

12th St

CREE K

5360

Macky Dr

A University Heights Legend

Pennsylvania Av

11th St

60 0 0

Taft Dr

Streams_usgs

10th St

Rd

Arapahoe Av

Stadium D r

Colorado Av

Lincoln Pl

Flagsta ff

20th St

19th St

18th St

17th St

15th St

13th St

CREEK-I NT

Folsom St

22nd St

5320

Grove St

t

t St

61 20 60 80

Folsom St

21st St

19th St

18th St

Grove St

t

S 11th 10th DITCH

9th St 9th St

62 00

l

t

t

t

S 15th

S 13th

Goss St

Hillside Rd

Pleasant St

Grant Pl

63 20

P 24th

S 23rd

St

S 19th

22nd

St 21st

t

St 20th

S 18th S 17th

t

t

t

t

Goss St

Major Roads

8th St

se Ro Euclid Av

r ll D Hi

St

Boulder Cree k

Grand View Av

University Av University Av

5480

6th St

5600

Gilbert St INT

Grand View Av

Pl

Jay St

d

57 60

58 40

fR taf gs Fla

6160

CRE EK-

ln Linco

56 80

Hapgood St

58 00 59 20 58 80

Goss St

Arapahoe Av

5440

Dean Pl

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in Sunsh

HAZARDS Information about each of the following floodwater hazards to be revealed in detail through GIS

EVENTS THAT CAUSE FLOODS HIGH RAINFALL OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME FOREST FIRES CHANGE WATER ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS IN WATERSHED BARKER DAM FAILURE COMBINED EVENTS (SPRING FLOW PLUS THUNDERSTORMS)

BIG THOMPSON FLOOD 20 INCHES OF RAIN FELL IN ONE NIGHT IN THE SUMMER OF 1976 IN THE BIG THOMPSON RIVER CANYON NORTH OF BOULDER. MAXIMUM DEPTH OF THE FLOODWATERS WAS 20 FEET AND DISCHARGE WAS ABOUT 39,000 CFS. 139 PEOPLE DIED DURING THIS FLOOD.

SIGNS AROUND THE COUNTY READ: “CLIMB TO SAFETY IN CASE OF A FLASH FLOOD.” THESE WERE INSTALLED AFTER THE BIG THOMPSON FLOOD BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE WERE KILLED DRIVING THEIR CARS TRYING TO DRIVE OUT AHEAD OF THE FLOODWATERS

LIVING IN OR NEAR THE FOOTHILLS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS MAKES FLASH FLOODS AN EXTREMELY SERIOUS CONCERN. IT IS NOT A MATTER OF “IF” A MAJOR FLOOD WILL HAPPEN, BUT RATHER WHEN

THE TERMS “10 YEAR”, “50 YEAR”, “100 YEAR”, AND “500 YEAR” FLOODS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE ESTIMATED PROBABILITY OF A FLOOD HAPPENING IN ANY GIVEN YEAR. THEIR PRIMARY USE IS FOR DETERMINING FLOOD INSURANCE RATES IN FLOOD HAZARD AREAS. USING HISTORIC WEATHER AND HYDROGRAPHIC DATA, EXPERTS DERIVE THE ESTIMATED RATE OF FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF A RIVER OR CREEK. A “10 YEAR” FLOOD HAS A 10% PROBABILITY OF OCCURING IN ANY GIVEN YEAR, A “50 YEAR” EVENT A 2% PROBABILITY, A “100 YEAR” EVENT A 1% PROBABILITY, AND A “500 YEAR” EVENT A .2% PROBABILITY. WHILE UNLIKELY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE TWO OR 100 OR EVEN 500 YEAR FLOODS WITHIN YEARS OF EACH OTHER

COLLAPSING ROADS, RIVERBANKS, BRIDGES ELECTROCUTION HYPOTHERMIA WHY IS BOULDER PRONE TO FLOODS? THE CITY IS AT THE MOUTH OF A NARROW CANYON. IT IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLASH FLOODS BECAUSE OF THUNDERSTORMS, STEEP SLOPES AND RELATIVELY IMPERMEABLE SOILS

EROSION / LANDSLIDES IN A 100 YEAR FLOOD WATER WOULD BE 1/2 MILE WIDE EAST OF BROADWAY

FOOT BRIDGES BREAK AWAY IN HIGH WATER CONDITIONS

DURING A MAJOR FLOOD DEBRIS CAN PARTIALLY BLOCK THE FLOW OF WATER UNDER BRIDGES, CREATING SMALL DAMS. BREAK AWAY BRIDGES CAN REDUCE THIS HAZARD

IN A 100 YEAR FLOOD, WATER WOULD BE 1/2 MILE WIDE EAST OF BROADWAY 4 - 5 INCHES OF RAINFALL IN A THUNDERSTORM CAN CAUSE WATER TO RISE RAPIDLY TO A 14 FT DEPTH, REFERRED TO AS A “WALL OF WATER”. THIS COULD REACH THE CITY OF BOULDER IN 45 MINUTES. THE DEPTH OF WATER DECREASEES AS IT LEAVES THE MOUTH OF THE CANYON AND SPREADS OUT

A CAR FLOATS IN 18 INCHES OF WATER

BARKER DAM

BAR

KE R

DAM BURST STUDY

CATASTROPHIC COLLAPSE OF BARKER DAM. HYDROLOGICAL MODELS ESTIMATE THAT WATER WOULD REACH BOULDER IN ABOUT 35 MINUTES WITH A DISCHARGE OF ABOUT 703,000 CFS AT MOUTH OF BOULDER CANYON. THE CREST OF THE FLOOD WATER WOULD BE 100 FT DEEP.

CONNECT THE DOTS: MAPPING THE HIGH WATER, HAZARDS AND HISTORY OF BOULDER CREEK was done with the collaboration of geologist Peter W. Birkeland, University of Colorado at Boulder and hydrologist Sheila Murphy, US Geological Survey, assisted by Charles Cross and Phanat Sonemangkhala. The temporary installation for the exhibition was organized by Jonathan Fierer, and helped by volunteers.

The artist would like to recognize the following sources: Boulder Area Sustainability Information Network; Boulder Creek Flood Notebook; Boulder County Government; Boulder Magazine; Daily Camera; Carnegie Branch of the Boulder Public Library; City of Boulder; Denver Public Library; Denver Regional Council of Governments; Dr. Spenser Havlick; ESRI – Ester Worker, Director of Education Programs; Gilbert F. White Papers on Boulder Creek Floodplain History; South Boulder Creek Mapping Study; University of Colorado at Boulder; and the US Geological Survey.

This project can be found on www.marymiss.com

We would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance: Marda Kirn; Kirsten Gerdes and Joan Markowitz, Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art; Alice Guthrie and Lisa Green, Boulder Parks and Recreation; Cristina Martinez, Boulder Department of City Planning, Jacob Morgan (GIS), Greg Tucker, University of Colorado (surveying)

(news) This project was done for an exhibition curated by Lucy Lippard “Weather Report: Art and Climate Change” at the Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art in collaboration with EcoArts, Boulder, Colorado, 2007.