Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan Liveability Fact Sheet

Fact Sheet

Liveability Updated December 2012

Liveability looks at the wellbeing of a community. The concept of liveability links many characteristics that influence people to want to live in a place. This includes factors like quality of life, health, sense of safety, access to services, economic activity, social participation and overall amenity of an area.

Gender and Life Stages Life Expectancy Life expectancy is the average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. However, this may be an underestimate of how long on average a person born today can expect to live, because on average, individuals are living longer and the rate of mortality at any future age will be less than it is for a person of that age now.1 Leading Causes of Death Between 2006 and 2009 there were 2,911 deaths in Greater Bendigo. The leading cause of death during this time was diseases of the circulatory system (heart disease, stroke and disease of the blood vessels) which accounted for 35% of deaths followed by cancer which accounted for just under 30% of deaths.2 Avoidable Mortality ‘Avoidable and amenable mortality comprises those causes of death that are potentially avoidable at the present time, given available knowledge about social and economic policy impacts, health behaviours, and health care (the latter relating to the subset of amenable causes)’.3 The ten most common causes of avoidable mortality (2002-2006) in Victoria are: alcohol related conditions, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, road traffic injury, stroke and suicide. The Department of Health has rated Greater Bendigo compared to Victoria in relation to these health issues as not significantly different, significantly above or significantly below for both males and females. The health issues where Greater Bendigo rated considerably different to Victoria are: • Breast cancer (females) – significantly above • Diabetes (males) – significantly below • Ischaemic Heart Disease (females) significantly above • Road Traffic Injury (females) – significantly above • Suicide (males) – significantly above4

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Gender Women’s Health Life Expectancy In 2007, the life expectancy for females in Greater Bendigo was 83.6 years, almost a year younger than the Victorian average.5

Leading Cause of Death For females the leading cause of death in Greater Bendigo was diseases of the circulatory system (heart disease, stroke and disease of the blood vessels).2 For women, the highest proportion of new cancer cases was breast cancer (24%) followed by bowel cancer (14%) and melanoma (10%).2 Intimate partner violence is the leading cause at death in females aged 15-44 years. This is a significant but preventable health issue that affects many people in our community.6

Mental Illness The Victorian Burden of Disease study conducted in 2001 indicates there are a higher proportion of women in Greater Bendigo with a mental disorder compared to Victoria.

DALY Rates per 1,000 population7 Females Greater Bendigo

Victoria

20.9

19.7

Alcohol abuse/dependence

0.3

0.4

Heroin abuse/dependence

0.4

0.4

Schizophrenia

1.3

1.3

Depression

8.2

7.1

Bipolar disorder

0.8

0.8

Social phobia

1.2

1.2

Generalised anxiety disorder

3.4

3.4

Borderline personality disorder

1.7

1.6

All mental disorders

*A high DALY indicates poor health status of the population

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Between September 2008 to 2009 the Chlamydia infection rate for Greater Bendigo was 330.8 per 100,000 population, compared to Victoria’s rate of 194.7

Liveability Fact Sheet page 2

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Health Screening and Checks •

Breast Cancer

Had mammogram in last two years, aged 50-69yrs (2008)2 % of surveyed women Greater Bendigo

70.6

Victoria

75.9

Women with an intellectual disability aged between 5069 years are less likely to have a mammogram.8 •

Cervical Cancer

Proportion of women screened for cervical cancer 2007 and 2008 (%)

2008 and 2009 (%)

Greater Bendigo

59.8

59.0

Victoria

62.3

61.3

In Victoria, fewer women aged 20-69 years with an intellectual disability were screened for cervical cancer compared to women in the general public (14% compared to 71% in 2011).8

Gender Inequity ‘Women spend almost triple the amount of hours per week caring for children compared to men’.9 Females who provided unpaid childcare (2006)10 Greater Bendigo

Victoria

%

%

15-19 yrs

11.9

8.4

20-24 yrs

24.3

15.1

25-34 yrs

57.3

43.6

35-44 yrs

66.0

62.3

45-54 yrs

31.1

28.8

55-64 yrs

24.7

23.2

65-74 yrs

13.6

18.2

75-84 years

4.3

4.9

85 yrs and over

1.0

1.2

33.0

30.7

Total

‘Australian women on average earn 18% less than men in similar positions’.9

Liveability Fact Sheet page 3

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Labour Force Participation (2006)10 Females aged 15-64 yrs

Greater Bendigo

31,061

Victoria

1,673,455

Worked full time

Worked part time

Not in labour force

number

%

number

%

number

%

8,186

26.4

9,612

30.9

9,551

30.7

500,880

29.9

461,687

27.6

501,932

29.9

Women with a disability are less likely to participate in the workforce compared to males with a disability.8

Liveability Fact Sheet page 4

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Men’s Health Life Expectancy Life expectancy of males in Greater Bendigo is 78.7 years, over 1.5 years younger than the Victorian rate.5

Leading Cause of Death For males in Greater Bendigo the leading cause of death was cancer. The highest proportion of new cancer cases are prostate cancer (31%) followed by bowel cancer (14%) and lung cancer (10%).2

Male Specific Health Issues Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Australian men and is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men. One in 9 men in Australia will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. The chance for a diagnosis of prostate cancer is: • For a man in his 40s – 1 in 1,000 • For a man in his 50s – 12 in 1,000 • For a man in his 60s – 45 in 1,000 • For a man in his 70s – 80 in 1,000 11 Prostate cancer new cases and deaths (2008-2010) 2 Greater Bendigo New cases

Victoria Deaths

New cases

Deaths

number

%

number

%

number

%

number

%

298

31

53

14

n/a

33

n/a

14

Mental Illness DALY Rates per 1,000 population7 Males Greater Bendigo

Victoria

20.8

19.6

Alcohol abuse/dependence

1.8

1.6

Heroin abuse/dependence

1.5

1.5

Schizophrenia

1.7

1.7

Depression

6.4

5.9

Bipolar disorder

0.9

0.7

Social phobia

1.0

1.0

Generalised anxiety disorder

1.7

1.7

Borderline personality disorder

1.5

1.5

All mental disorders

*A high DALY indicates poor health status of the population

Liveability Fact Sheet page 5

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Life Stages Early Development Population Proportion of population aged 0-9 years (2011) 12

Greater Bendigo

0-4 years (%)

5-9 years (%)

Non-indigenous male

3.3

2.9

Indigenous male

0.1

0.08

Non-indigenous female

2.9

2.8

0.07

0.08

3.1

2.9

0.04

0.04

2.9

2.8

0.04

0.04

Indigenous female Non-indigenous male Victoria

Indigenous male Non-indigenous female Indigenous female

Births In 2009 there were 1,317 births in Greater Bendigo and the total fertility rate was 2.0, which was a slight increase from 1.9 in 2009. For Victoria the total fertility rate was 1.8. 13 A baby’s birth weight can tell us a lot about a newborn’s overall health. The World Health Organization defines low birth weight as less than 2,500 grams.14 Between 2006-2009, 6.7% of newborns born in Greater Bendigo were of low birth weight.

Low birth weight babies (2006-2009) 2

Greater Bendigo Regional Victoria Victoria

Low birth weight babies

All births

% low birth weight babies

261

3,872

6.7

3,547

51,812

6.8

13,765

209,641

6.6

In 2007/08, 10.8% of live births in the Indigenous community were of low birth weight.15

Liveability Fact Sheet page 6

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Teenage Births Teenage Births (2004-2008)17 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

No.

Rate*

No.

Rate*

No.

Rate*

No.

Rate*

No.

Rate*

Greater Bendigo

60

16.4

73

19.7

75

20.3

66

17.6

74

19.4

Victoria

1,761

10.6

1,740

10.3

1,893

11.2

1,790

10.4

1,857

10.6

(* Rate – per 1,000 females aged 15-19 yrs)

The rate of teenage births in Greater Bendigo between 2004 and 2008 were considerably higher compared to Victoria. Between 2004-2007, the rate of teenage births in the Indigenous community of Greater Bendigo was substantially higher compared to the non-indigenous community (392.9 and 79.1 respectively).15

Maternal and Child Health Maternal and Child Health (MCH) is a universal maternal and early childhood development (ECD) service and is commonly the first introduction to the platform of other ECD services. Contact with MCH services can often provide important support and referral to other services in the early stages of parenting.

Maternal and Child Health Centre participation rates 2010/2011(non-indigenous) 2 120

Percentage (%)

100 80 60 40 20 0 Home Consult

2 w ks

4 w ks

All Greater Bendigo

8 w ks

4 mths

8 mths

12 mths 18 mths

2 yrs

3.5 yrs

Key Stage Visits Indigenous Persons Greater Bendigo

Victoria

Please note: Figures for All Greater Bendigo and Victoria are from 2010/11 while Indigenous persons Greater Bendigo figures are from 2009/10.

In the Indigenous community in Greater Bendigo, participation rate for visits at maternal and child health centres in 2010/11 was lower than the Victorian average except for 3.5 years visit. Among the Indigenous community, maternal and child health participation was significantly less in some categories compared to nonIndigenous community in Greater Bendigo and Victoria. 15

Liveability Fact Sheet page 7

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Immunisation ‘Immunisation against infectious disease has been shown to reduce deaths and illness from a range of childhood diseases. Immunisation also offers protection for individual children and reduces the rate at which these diseases circulate within the broader community’.16 Children fully immunised (2011) 2 12-15 months

24-27 months

60-63 months

Total

No.

%

Total

No.

%

Total

No.

%

Greater Bendigo

363

341

93.9

342

327

95.6

381

359

94.2

Indigenous Persons Greater Bendigo15

n/a

n/a

50.0

n/a

n/a

100.0

n/a

n/a

87.5

18,354

17,056

92.9

18,463

17,193

93.1

18,844

17,253

91.6

Victoria

Please note: Indigenous persons Greater Bendigo figures are from September 2010.

Breastfeeding ‘Breastfeeding has been shown to be protective against a range of childhood conditions including asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, sudden infant death syndrome, and overall infant mortality. Research has also indicated that breastfeeding can improve infant mother attachment where this is at risk because of maternal mental health problems or other issues impacting on parenting capacity.’ 16 Breastfeeding rates 2010/11 2 Fully Breastfeed (%) On At 3 At 2 wks discharge mths Greater Bendigo Victoria

Partly Breastfeed (%) At 6 On At 2 At 3 mths discharge wks mths

At 6 mths

71.3

65.3

48.0

34.4

10.1

10.0

6.1

5.0

73.9

67.8

51.8

35.7

13.7

14.2

10.4

11.1

In Greater Bendigo, the proportion of infants who were fully or partly breastfeed was lower compared to the Victorian average for all key stages.

Children’s Vegetable Consumption The Dietary Guidelines for children and adolescents in Australia recommend the minimum daily serves of vegetable for children aged 4-7 years is 2 serves a day and 3 serves a day for children aged 8-18 years. In 2009, 34.7% of children in Victoria reported to eat at least the minimum recommended serves of vegetables each day.16

Liveability Fact Sheet page 8

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Youth Population

Victoria

Greater Bendigo

Proportion of population aged 10-24 years (2011) 12 10-14 years (%)

15-19 years (%)

20-24 years (%)

Non-Indigenous male Indigenous male Non-indigenous female Indigenous female

3.1 0.09

3.3 0.09

3.1 0.05

3.0

3.4

3.3

0.08

0.08

0.07

Non-indigenous male

2.9

3.1

3.3

0.04

0.04

0.03

2.8

2.9

3.2

0.04

0.03

0.03

Indigenous male Non-indigenous female Indigenous female

Young Adults Vegetable and Fruit Consumption In Greater Bendigo 17.4% of young adults reported they eat at least the minimum recommended serves of fruit and vegetable each day compared to 19% in Victoria.17

Smoking In 2009, 19.6% of adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in Greater Bendigo and 41.3% of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, reported that they had smoked cigarettes.18

Alcohol In 2009, 54.6% of adolescents aged 12-14 in Greater Bendigo had never consumed alcohol, while 29.2% had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. This was higher in the 15-17 year age bracket with 79.2% never consuming alcohol, however 61.4% of people in this age group, who had tried alcohol had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days.18

Drugs Drug use can cause learning difficulties among adolescents and can adversely impact on their mental and physical health.

Proportion of adolescents in Greater Bendigo who have ever used marijuana, sniffed glue/chromed or used illegal drugs.17 Ever used marijuana (%)

Ever sniffed glue/chromed (%)

Ever used illegal drugs (%)

12-14 years

4.6

9.5

1.2

15-17 years

16.7

8.9

5.2

Liveability Fact Sheet page 9

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Bullying Bullying is known to negatively impact on young people’s mental health status including increasing the risk of depression, anxiety and poor self esteem. This is a serious health issue that is affecting half of the adolescent population in Greater Bendigo.

Proportion of adolescents who reported to recently being bullied (2009) 17 Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

50.6

44.6

Eating Disorders Eating disorders are a serious health issue and it usually develops in adolescent/early adulthood. In Greater Bendigo the proportion of adolescents with an eating disorder is 2.7%, slightly higher compared to Victoria with 2.4%.17

Disengaged Youth In 2006, 10.9% of people aged 15-24 years in Greater Bendigo were not employed or attending an education institution, compared with 10.3% in regional Victoria. The percentage of youth classed as disengaged in each suburb in Greater Bendigo varied with a low of 4.8% to a high of 19.9%. The five suburbs that had the highest proportion of disengaged youth were: • Long Gully - West Bendigo - Ironbark (19.9%) • Eaglehawk - Eaglehawk North - Sailors Gully (15.6%) • North Bendigo - California Gully (15.4%) • Kangaroo Flat - Big Hill (13.3%) • Golden Square (12.9%) 19 Young adults, post Year 12, who are classed as engaged in Greater Bendigo in 2006, was 65.3% compared to 71.9% in Victoria.2

Positive Family Functioning The relationship between children and their family has an influence on the development of a healthy child. It provides role models for the children, builds relationships and helps them develop high selfesteem.

In Greater Bendigo 80.3% of adolescents were living in homes with healthy family functioning compared to 83.1% in Victoria.17

Quality of Life Satisfaction The proportion of adolescents who are satisfied with their quality of life in Greater Bendigo is considerably lower compared to Victoria. 70.2% of adolescents in Year 7, 9 and 11 stated they were satisfied with quality of life compared to 77.1% in Victoria.17

Liveability Fact Sheet page 10

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Ageing Population Population Population aged 65 years and over (2006 and 2011) 12 Greater Bendigo Male

Victoria

Female

Male

Female

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

2006

6,044

6.5

7,787

8.3

299,216

6.0

375,689

7.6

2011

7,151

7.1

8,782

8.7

344,541

6.4

417,041

7.7

Please note: % is of total population

Population aged 75 years and over (2006 and 2011) 12 Greater Bendigo Male

Victoria

Female

Male

Female

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

2006

2,675

2.8

4,127

4.4

133,089

2.7

196,287

3.9

2011

3,145

3.1

4,486

4.4

149,631

2.8

209,725

3.9

Please note: % is of total population

Population aged 85 years and over (2006 and 2011) 12 Greater Bendigo Male

Victoria

Female

Male

Female

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

2006

546

0.6

1,257

1.3

27,070

0.5

56,800

1.1

2011

767

0.7

1,497

1.5

36,263

0.6

68,734

1.3

Please note: % is of total population

In 2011, there were 4,061 people aged 65 years and over who were living alone. Of these 38% were female and 20% were male.

Population aged 65 years and over living alone (2011) 2 Greater Bendigo Male

Victoria Female

Male

Female

No.

%

No.

%

%

%

2006

1,038

20.0

2,648

40.0

18.0

37.0

2011

1,252

20.0

2,809

38.0

18.0

35.0

Liveability Fact Sheet page 11

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Residential Aged Care •

High level residential aged care

Population aged 70 years and over living in high level residential aged care (2010) 2 Number

Rate per 1,000 people in age group

480

43.7

22,384

41.6

Greater Bendigo Victoria •

Low level residential care

Population aged 70 years and over living in low level residential aged care (2010) 2 Number

Rate per 1,000 people in age group

595

54.1

24,907

46.3

Greater Bendigo Victoria •

Community Aged Care

Population aged 70 years and over living in community care (2010) 2 Number

Rate per 1,000 people in age group

377

34.3

12,640

23.5

Greater Bendigo Victoria

Hospital Admissions Fall injury hospital admissions in Greater Bendigo among persons aged 60 years and over2 600

Of these admissions to hospital, 60.4% were aged 80 years and over and females were double the admissions compared to males.2

500

Number

400 300 200 100 0 2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

Year

Home and Community Care Services (2010) 20 Greater Bendigo

Victoria

HACC clients aged 0-69 per 1,000 target population

318.4

257.3

HACC clients aged 70+ per 1,000 target population

424.2

368.3

Liveability Fact Sheet page 12

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Social Wellbeing Community Connectedness and Strength Social support reflects the importance of personal relationships and social networks to protecting individual health and social cohesion.

Community Strength Indicators (2008) 21 Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

Can get help from family and friends or neighbours when needed

93.4

91.0

Can raise $2,000 in two days in an emergency

85.0

85.0

Attendance at a local community event in the last six months

61.6

53.0

Volunteers

31.9

33.0

A member of an organised group

56.5

61.0

Participation in organised sport

42.0

41.0

On a decision making board or committee

16.8

19.0

Group has taken local action

43.9

41.0

Feels valued by society

50.8

52.0

Has the opportunity to have a say on issues that are important

47.7

42.0

People with an intellectual disability reported that they are less likely to get help from family and friends compared to the general community. They were also less likely to visit cultural and leisure venues.8

Participation in activities Participation in Activities 33 Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

Attended arts activities or events (in the last 3 months)

70.6

63.6

Engaged in at least one Citizen Engagement activity in the previous year

59.0

50.5

Liveability Fact Sheet page 13

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Social Capital Family & Friends 70

60

Percentage (%)

50

One Two Three Four Five or More nil

40

30

20

10

0

No of community events attended

Non-family groups or networks membership

Different family and/or friends contacts

Use of the internet to contact family or friends

Meeting or gatherings of family or friends

Social Capital Activity

Nearly two thirds of respondents (58.2%) reported that they had attended four or more community events that bring people together, such as festivals, markets, exhibitions or performances during the last year, and only 6.2% reported they had attended none.

On average, respondents reported they are members of up to three non-family groups or networks, however 24% reported they are not a member of any such groups Sixty one percent of respondents reported having had contact with five or more different family and/or friends during the past week, and only 2.7% reported no contact from family or friends.

While use of the internet continues to increase, over 20 % of respondents either do not use the internet, or do not use it to contact family or friends.23

Liveability Fact Sheet page 14

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Health and Wellbeing Status In 2011, the Bendigo Wellbeing Survey found that more than ž of respondents rated their overall wellbeing as being good or very good and only 5.4% rated their wellbeing as being poor or very poor.23 How do you rate your overall wellbeing at present?

1.20% 4.20%

17.10%

41.60% Very Poor Poor Average Good Very good

35.90%

In relation to self reported health, in 2007 58.7% of people living in Greater Bendigo reported their health as being excellent or very good compared to the State average of 54.3%.22 Access to health services to maintain physical and mental health is very important to ensure a healthy community. In Greater Bendigo, 81.5% of people said they could access health services to maintain physical health and wellbeing while 61.2% of people said they could access services to maintain their mental health and wellbeing.23 In 2012, 35% of people with a disability reported their health as either poor or fair.8

Volunteering Volunteering (2011) - % of people who volunteered greater than once a month33 Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

49.6

34.3

Participation in Schools In 2008, 57% of parents participated in schools compared to 49% in Victoria.24

Carer In 2011, 10,245 people in Greater Bendigo provided unpaid care to someone with a disability, compared to 8,545 people in 2006.12 Liveability Fact Sheet page 15

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Open Spaces and the Built Environment In recent years, there has been a growing awareness that the design and structure of the built environment is an important determinant of lifestyle and health. Aspects of the built environment (such as housing) can magnify health disparities and compound existing health conditions, especially among children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups.32

Play Spaces/Open Spaces The City of Greater Bendigo currently manages 115 different formal play spaces across the municipality, ranging from small local play spaces containing one swing set through to regional play spaces with extensive equipment and amenities, such as Lake Weeroona Playground. There are many other places outdoors where young people play that do not contain formal playground equipment, including sports ovals, bushland reserves, streets and backyards.

Disability Inferred Numbers of People, by Extent of Disability, in Greater Bendigo (2012) 25 Disability …....Extent of Core Activity Restriction…….

No Disability

Schooling/ employment restriction

No specific limitations

All with reported disability

Longterm health condition

No longterm health condition

Total

Profound

Severe

Moderate

Mild

Children: 0-14

374

421

62

209

988

260

1,539

1,793

14,922

18,254

Working age: 15-64

857

1,986

2,448

3,318

8,580

1,985

12,363

15,832

40,282

68,478

Retirement age: 65+

2,780

1,465

1,867

3,043

0

969

10,125

5,488

2,383

17,995

Total

4,011

3,872

4,377

6,569

9,568

3,215

24,027

23,113

57,587

104,727

3.8

3.7

4.2

6.3

9.1

3.1

23

22

55

100

Per cent

In 2012 it is estimated that 7,890 residents or 7.6% of the population in Greater Bendigo has a disability that causes profound or severe restriction of communication, mobility and self-care. Overall approximately 23% of residents in Greater Bendigo have a disability.

Personal and Community Safety Personal Safety Greater Bendigo (%) 22

Victoria (%) 22

% of people that feel safe when walking alone in their local area during the day

99.8

97.0

% of people that feel safe when walking alone in their local area after dark

77.2

70.3

In 2009, 76.4% of adolescents in Greater Bendigo reported feeling safe in their neighbourhood, compared to 82.4% in Victoria.17

Liveability Fact Sheet page 16

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Preventing Violence against Women In Australia intimate partner violence is the leading cause of ill health and premature death in women aged 15-44 years. On Census night 2011, there were 19,955 females aged between 15-44 years living in Greater Bendigo. They account for just under 40% of the total female population in the municipality.

This means family violence is likely to affect many people within our municipality.6 In 2010/2011 police responded to 753 family violence incidents in Bendigo compared to 420 incidents for the 2006/2007 period.26 In 2008/2009 hospital admissions in Greater Bendigo due to injuries caused by domestic violence/disputes was lower compared to Victoria. Greater Bendigo had 67 or 0.16% admissions and Victoria had 4,993 or 0.22% admissions. 2 90.9% of people in Greater Bendigo support more policies and strategies designed to increase awareness of, and encourage people to say NO to violence against women.23 96.7% of residents stated they were prepared to intervene in a situation of domestic violence compared to 93.1% in Victoria.22 Populations that are at greater risk of experiencing violence in their lifetime include women with a disability and women who come from culturally and linguistically diverse communities.27

Crime Greater Bendigo

Victoria

Rates per 100,000 population (April 2011-March 2012) 26 Crime against the person

971.9

940.2

3672.2

4607

186.6

311.3

18.9

60.3

728.5

717.7

1008.9

863.4

Burglary (Residential)

285.1

506.9

Burglary (other)

231.1

257.9

575

810.2

132.6

266

Crime against property Drug offences Robbery Assault (excluding family violence) Property Damage

Theft from motor vehicle Theft of motor vehicle

Greater Bendigo’s Indigenous population had a high rate of crimes against property with property damage and theft being the two main crimes. In relation to crime against persons, they had a higher rate of assault.15 In 2009/10, 3.6% of the Indigenous population in Greater Bendigo was a victim of a family violence incident. This was lower compared to Victoria which was 4.5%.15 In 2009/10, 22.7 per 1,000 adolescents in Greater Bendigo were victims of a reported crime. This was higher than the rate across Victoria which was 17.5 per 1,000. 17

Liveability Fact Sheet page 17

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Cultural Diversity In 2011, most of residents living in Greater Bendigo were born in Australia (88.3%).

Country of birth (2011) 12

Australia Not stated UK Born elsewhere New Zealand India Netherlands Philippines Germany China Thailand South Africa Italy Malaysia Sri Lanka USA Ireland Canada Indonesia Greece Malta Fiji Egypt Vietnam Croatia Singapore Poland Japan Hong Kong Korea, Republic of (South) Iraq South Eastern Europe Lebanon Cambodia Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkey Total

Greater Bendigo Number % 88,828 88.3 4,757 4.7 2,385 2.4 909 0.9 665 0.7 325 0.3 297 0.3 253 0.3 244 0.2 212 0.2 182 0.2 169 0.2 158 0.2 147 0.1 142 0.1 133 0.1 127 0.1 79 0.1 59 0.1 58 0.1 58 0.1 55 0.1 48 0.0 47 0.0 39 0.0 38 0.0 36 0.0 26 0.0 25 0.0 24 0.0 22 0.0 22 0.0 16 0.0 11 0.0 10 0.0 7 0.0 6 0.0 100,619 100.0

Liveability Fact Sheet page 18

Victoria % 68.6 5.2 4.0 4.3 1.5 2.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 100.0

City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Between 2007 and 2012, 21.1% of migrants in Greater Bendigo were a humanitarian migrant (refugees), which is considerably higher compared to Victoria with 9%. Of the 239 humanitarian migrants in Greater Bendigo, over half were born in Burma.

Migrants by main migrations streams (2007-2012) 2 Humanitarian Greater Bendigo Victoria

Family

Skilled

Total

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

243

21.1

303

26.3

607

52.6

1,153

100.0

20,331

9.0

70,948

32.0

130,814

73.8

222,093

100.0

Humanitarian Migrants living in Greater Bendigo by country of birth (2007-2012) 2 Greater Bendigo Country of birth

No.

%

Burma

136

56.9

Thailand

89

37.2

Burundi

4

1.7

Democratic Republic of the Congo

4

1.7

Iran

4

1.7

Bhutan

1

0.4

China People Republic

1

0.4

239

100.0

Total arrivals for reporting period

Number of skilled migrants assisted through the Bendigo and Region Skilled Migration Program28

Greater Bendigo

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

22

28

24

47

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City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Health Related Behaviours

Nutrition Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Healthy eating can prevent a variety of diseases including: type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, musculoskeletal problems, cancers, and renal disease. The recommended daily intake for fruit and vegetables for people aged 16 years and over is two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables.29 • • •

In Greater Bendigo 56.1% of people did not meet the fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines compared to 48.2% in Victoria.

In Greater Bendigo 52.7% of women did not meet the fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines compared to 41.9% in Victoria.

In Greater Bendigo 60.7% of males did not meet the fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines compared to 54.8% in Victoria.20

Physical Activity The National Physical Activity Guidelines for Australians recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day for persons aged 19 years and over. In 2008, 56.2% of females and 56.4% of males in the City of Greater Bendigo met the physical activity guidelines compared to 59.7% of females and 61.0% of males in Victoria (table below).30 Levels of Physical activity, 2008

In Victoria, people with an intellectual disability are far less likely to participate in an adequate amount of physical activity compared to the general population.8

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City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Unhealthy Weight Levels (2008) 30 Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

Males

Females

Males

Females

Overweight

46.6

27.1

39.9

24.2

Obese

19.6

21.8

17.3

16.1

In Greater Bendigo 13.2% of adolescents do the recommended amount of physical activity every day compared to 12.3% in Victoria.17 Being overweight or obese can lead to health issues that are preventable including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain cancers and osteoarthritis.

In Australia, people with a profound or severe disability are more likely to be overweight or obese compared to people without a disability (69% compared to 58%).8

Smoking 2 In 2008 19.6% of the population aged 18 years and over were classed as a current smoker (current smokers are defined as a person who smoked daily or occasionally), 25.6% were an ex-smoker and 54.3% had never smoked.

Smoking status, 2008 30

In 2008, 19.6% of the Indigenous population were a daily smoker, 25.6% were an ex smoker and 54.3% had never smoked.15 For people with a psychological disability, smoking rates were higher compared to the general population and with men more likely to smoke compared to women.8

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City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

Alcohol A substantial proportion of people in Australia consume alcohol at a level that is considered harmful to their health. It can be responsible for burden of death, disease and injury and not only does it affect the person consuming the alcohol but their family, friends, bystanders and the general community.31 Frequency of short term alcohol risk (2008) 2

At least yearly At least monthly At least weekly

Greater Bendigo (%)

Victoria (%)

24.9

22.0

9.8

13.0

11.6

10.2

Alcohol consumption at a high to medium risk level amongst people with a severe or profound disability is lower compared to the general population.

Purchasing of alcohol (2011)33

Purchased alcohol in the last 7 days 7 day $ spend on packaged liquor* 7 day $ spend at a licensed premises*

Greater Bendigo

Victoria

35.9%

36.3%

$36

$45

$27

$45

*Of those purchasing

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City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

References 1

Department of Health (2011) Life Expectancy at Birth 2003-2007 [online]. Available: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/admin/life-expectancy/le0307.htm

2

Bendigo Loddon Primary Care Partnership (2012) Community Health and Wellbeing Profile [online]. Available: http://www.blpcp.com.au/planning/index.aspx

3

Public Health Information Development Unit (2007) Population Health Profile of Bendigo and District Division of General Practice Supplement [online]. Available: http://www.publichealth.gov.au/pdf/profiles/2007/326_Bendigo_supp.pdf

4

Department of Health (2011) Ten most common causes of avoidable mortality [online]. Available: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/atlas/html/10_common_causes_am(2002-06).html

5

Department of Health (2011) Health Status of Victorians [online]. Available: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/atlas/

6

City of Greater Bendigo (2012) Violence Prevention Plan 2012-2015 [online]. Available: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au

7

Women’s Health Loddon Mallee (nd) Women’s Health: A Statistical Snapshot of the City of Greater Bendigo.

8

VicHealth (2012) Disability and Health Inequalities in Australia: Research Summary [online]. Available: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Health-Inequalities/Disability-and-health-inequalities-in-Australia.aspx

9

Gender Equity in Local Government Partnership (2012) Why Gender Matters.

10 Women’s Health Loddon Mallee (2009) Women’s Health: Economic Status of Women in City of Greater Bendigo.

11 Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (2012) Prostate Cancer Statistics [online]. Available: http://www.prostate.org.au/articleLive/pages/Prostate-Cancer-Statistics.html 12 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) 2011 Census of Population and Housing: Basic Community Profile [online].

Available: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/data?opendocument#from-banner=LN 13 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) National Regional Profile: Greater Bendigo [online]. Available: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@nrp.nsf/Latestproducts/LGA22620Population/People120062010?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=LGA22620&issue=2006-2010 14 World Health Organization (2004) Low Birth Rate [online]. Available: http://www.childinfo.org/files/low_birthweight_from_EY.pdf 15 Campaspe and Bendigo Loddon PCP (2011) Indigenous Population Health and Wellbeing Profile. Prepared by Nancy Vaughan.

16 Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2010) Early Childhood Community Profile: Greater Bendigo [online]. Available: http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/directions/children/vcams/eccommunity.htm 17 Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2010) Adolescent Community Profiles: City of Greater Bendigo [online]. Available: http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/directions/children/vcams/adolescent_Community_profiles.htm 18 Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2010) Adolescent Community Profiles: Summary sheet for the City of Greater Bendigo [online]. Available: http://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/govrel/Policy/children/adolescentprofiles/lgasummaries/greaterbendigosum mary.pdf 19 .id (2012) Social Atlas [online]. Available: http://atlas.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=134&pg=2005 20 Department of Health (2011) 2010 Local Government Areas Statistical Profiles [online]. Available: http://docs.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/2010-LGA-Profiles---Full-Document 21 Department of Planning and Community Development (2008) Indicators of community strength [online]. Available: http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/home/publications-and-research/indicators-of-community-strength 22

Community Indicators Victoria (2007) Greater Bendigo Wellbeing Report [online]. Available: http://www.communityindicators.net.au/wellbeing_reports/greater_bendigo

23 City of Greater Bendigo (2012) Bendigo Wellbeing Survey – Report Card [online]. Available: http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/News/Current_Projects/Bendigo_Wellbeing_Survey 24 St Luke’s Anglicare (2011) The State of Bendigo’s Children Report [online]. Available: http://www.stlukes.org.au/Pages/Resources/Advocacy/16/The_State_of_Bendigo_s_Children_Report.aspx

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City of Greater Bendigo – Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan

25 City of Greater Dandenong (2012) Statistical Data for Victorian Communities [online]. Available: http://www.socialstatistics.com.au/ 26 Victoria Police (2012) My Place: Crime Statistics for your Area [online]. Available: http://www.vicpolicenews.com.au/index.php?option=com_statistics&task=search 27 VicHealth (2007) Preventing Violence Before it Occurs [online]. Available: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Freedom-from-violence/Preventing-violence-before-it-occurs.aspx 28 City of Greater Bendigo (2011) Annual Report 2010/11 [online]. Available: http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/News/Publications 29 NSW Health (nd) A Health Behaviour Overview [online]. Available: http://www.hnehealth.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/68180/RECOMMENDED_FRUIT_AND_VEGETABLE_CONS UMPTION.pdf 30 Department of Health (2008) Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 – City of Greater Bendigo [online]. Available: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/survey/vphs2008.htm 31 National Health and Medical Research Council (2011) Alcohol Guidelines: Reducing the Health Risks [online]. Available: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/your-health/alcohol-guidelines/ 32 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2011) Health and the Environment: A compilation of evidence [online]. Available: http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737418534&tab=2 33 VicHealth (2012) Greater Bendigo LGA Profile [online]. Available: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Research/VicHealthIndicators/LGA-Profiles.aspx

For further information, please contact the Social Planning Team on 5434 6079 or socialplanning@bendigo.vic.gov.au or visit the website www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/healthandwellbeing

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