How We Value the City Mapping the Dollars and $ense of Land Use Patterns
Joseph Minicozzi, AICP
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
This is a Test
Cognitive Test by Tal Ben-Shahar
Things Change‌
The 3 T’s -Things Trains,Change… Tourism, & Tuberculosis
During the 1920’s • •
Asheville grew by 20% population/year Second largest city in NC, (larger than Charlotte!)
• •
•
Achieved the highest debt per capita in the entire United States !!! City thought it had $5M in bank, but when the audit on the bank happened, it was discovered to only be $18,000 3 days after the elected officials were indicted, the Mayor committed suicide
Thomas Wolfe Author (1900-1938) You Can’t Go Home Again
Asheville has squandered fabulous sums. They’ve flung away the earnings of a lifetime. They’ve mortgaged those of a generation to come. They have ruined a city, and in doing so, have ruined themselves, their children, and their children’s children.
Thomas Wolfe Author (1900-1938) You Can’t Go Home Again
The Decline Began in the 50’s & 60’s
Development outside of downtown was encouraged by the new expressways.
Asheville’s Expressway Development outside of downtown was encouraged by the new expressways.
The 73 acre Asheville Mall
In the 70’s and 80’s our downtown died
In the 70’s and 80’s our downtown died.
Asheville’s de facto motto was:
“That will never work here - don’t even try.”
Ken Michalove
Norma Price
Wilma Bratton
Russ Martin
Mayor Lou Bissette
Robin Daniel
James Geter
Bob Carr
Dr. John Grant
Barbra Field Community Leaders With An Urban Vision
Rick Ramsey
Doug Bean, City Manager
Leslie Anderson
AB Vision Project
The Urban Trail
1928 - 11/19/1994
Downtown Streetscape Plan
WCQS
Urban Design Vision Plan
1st Market Rate Housing in 50 Years Roger McGuire Community Leaders With An Urban Vision
Pack Place Museum
Salsa’s & Zambras
City Seeds
Public Interest Projects
the Alternative Reading Room
The Public Service Building
The Laughing Seed
The Mountain Xpress
1941 - 11/19/2001
the Dogwood Fund
The Orange Peel
Downtown benches
YWCA
Julian Price
51 Biltmore
1993
1993
Among cities with no particular recreational appeal, those that have preserved their past continue to enjoy tourism. Those that haven’t receive almost no tourism at all. Tourism simply doesn’t go to a city that has lost its soul. Arthur Frommer
Top Travel Destinations of 2007 Asheville: #5 of the top 12
In God we trust; everyone else, bring data. Mayor Michael Bloomberg
Asheville CBD Taxable Value
Asheville CBD Taxable Value
Asheville’s de facto motto was:
“That will never work here - don’t even try.”
Asheville CBD Taxable Value
Incorporate (inˈkôrpəˌrāt) VERB
Constitute (a company, city, or other organization) as a legal corporation. Source: Oxford Dictionary
What is a City?
Photo: James Harrison
What is a City?
Asheville is 4x >
Land Production
Today the building is valued at over
$11,000,000 an increase of over 3500% in 15
years
The lot is less than 1/5 acre For 40 years this building remained vacant‌‌ its tax value in 1991 was just over
$300,000
Old Penneys
Walmart
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value
Downtown
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
My House
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value
Walmart
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value
Downtown
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
My House
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value
Walmart
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value
Downtown
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
My House
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value Property Taxes/Acre
$19,542
Walmart
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value Property Taxes/Acre
$6,500
Downtown
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
My House
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value Property Taxes/Acre
$19,542
Walmart
Downtown
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
Property Taxes/Acre
Property Taxes/Acre
$6,500
$634,000
My House
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value Property Taxes/Acre
$19,542
Wheat
Cannabis
34.0 Acres 220,000 sf Building $20,000,000 Tax Value
0.19 Acres 54,000 sf. Bld $11,000,000 Tax Value
Property Taxes/Acre
Property Taxes/Acre
$6,500
$634,000
Soybeans
0.13 Acres 1 unit (2 people + 2 dogs) $232,000 Tax Value Property Taxes/Acre
$19,542
Property + Retail Sales Taxes
Downtown
Retail Sales (average)
$77,000,000
$6,500 Total Property Taxes/Acre $3,300 to the City
$634,000 Total Property Taxes/Acre $330,000 to the City
Property + Retail Sales Taxes
Downtown
Retail Sales (average)
$77,000,000 $0.0775 Sales Tax of which‌ 27% returned to City $6,500 Total Property Taxes/Acre $3,300 to the City
$634,000 Total Property Taxes/Acre $330,000 to the City
Property + Retail Sales Taxes
Downtown
Retail Sales (average)
$77,000,000 $47,500 Sales Tax City return $6,500 Total Property Taxes/Acre $3,300 to the City
$634,000 Total Property Taxes/Acre $330,000 to the City
Property + Retail Sales Taxes
Downtown
Asheville Walmart
Total Taxes/Acre to the City
$50,800
Property Taxes/Acre to the City
$330,000
Property + Retail Sales Taxes
Downtown
Asheville Walmart
Total Taxes/Acre to the City
$50,800
Total Taxes/Acre to the City
$414,000
Jobs per Acre
Downtown
Asheville Walmart
200 jobs on 34.0 acres
5.9
14 jobs on 0.19 Acres
73.7
Asheville Walmart
Land Consumed (Acres): Total Property Taxes/Acre: City Retail Taxes/Acre: Residents per Acre: Jobs per Acre:
34.0 $ 6,500 $ 47,500 0.0 5.9
Downtown
00.2 $634,000 $ 83,600 90.0 73.7
Buncombe County Property Tax Revenue Profile: 2007 Tax Yield per Acre
$1,800
$1,716
$1,350
$1,236
$900
$450
$135 $30 $0
Undeveloped Residential
Biltmore Estate
County Residential
City Residential
Buncombe County Property Tax Revenue Profile: 2007 Tax Yield per Acre $7,995
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,406 $2,000
$1,716 $1,236
$0
$30 Undeveloped Residential Commercial
$135 Biltmore Estate
County Residential
City Residential
City - Commercial
Asheville Mall
Buncombe County Property Tax Revenue Profile: 2007 Tax Yield per Acre $250,125
$225,000
$150,000
$75,000
$44,887 $18,109 $0
d n U
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lo
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ore
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Residential Commercial Central Business District
te a t Es u o C
R y t n
$2,406
$1,716
$1,236
$135
$30
e d i es
al i t n y t i C
Re
$7,995
e d i s
al i t n y Cit
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ll a M
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Scary Math
How do you compare cars?
Toyota Prius
571 miles per tank Ford F150 Lariat LTD
648 miles per tank
1955 BMW Isetta
245 miles per tank
Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead
380 miles per tank
Bugatti Veyron SS
390 miles per tank
How do you compare cars? 1
2
5
Ford F150 Lariat LTD
Toyota Prius
571 miles per tank
648 miles per tank
4 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead
380 miles per tank
1955 BMW Isetta
245 miles per tank
3 Bugatti Veyron SS
390 miles per tank
How do you compare cars?
Toyota Prius
51/48 mpg Ford F150 Lariat LTD
13/18 mpg
1955 BMW Isetta
50/70 mpg
Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead
11/18 mpg
Bugatti Veyron SS
8/14 mpg
How do you compare cars? 3
2
1
Ford F150 Lariat LTD
Toyota Prius
51/48 mpg
13/18 mpg
4 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead
11/18 mpg
1955 BMW Isetta
50/70 mpg
5 Bugatti Veyron SS
8/14 mpg
Great Falls, MT Helena, MT Bozeman, MT
Missoula, MT
Billings, MT Sheridan, WY Driggs, ID
Guelph, ON
Casper, WY Laramie, WY Cheyenne, WY Rifle, CO
Petaluma
Mountain View, CA
Niagara Falls, NY Syracuse, NY Buffalo, NY
Rockland, ME
Des Moines, IA
Ft. Collins, CO
Philadelphia, PA
Grand Junction, CO
Modesto, CA Merced, CA Turlock, CA Clovis, CA Fresno, CA
Glenwood Springs, CO Durango, CO
Visalia, CA
Nashville, TN
Winston-Salem, NC Greensboro, NC Asheville, NC Chapel Hill, NC High Point, NC Dunn, NC
Chattanooga, TN
Charlotte, NC
Gwinnett, GA
Austin, TX
Wilmington, NC Columbia, SC
Lafayette, LA
Sarasota, FL
West Palm Beach, FL
3
Urban Completed Study
$300
Urban3
County Property Taxes/Acre
Joseph Minicozzi, AICP
Ratio Difference of 42 City Sample Set, in 16 States (+ a Province)
$274.00
Residential Commercial Mixed-Use $225
$150
$95.00 $75
$47.80
$0
$1.00 County S-F
$5.50
$6.70
$9.30
City S-F
Walmart
Mall or strip
Mixed-Use (2 Story)
Mixed-Use (3 Story)
Mixed-Use (6 Story)
... the relentless rules of humble arithmetic. Justice Louis Brandeis
“Other People’s Money”, 1914
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.” Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology Hydrology
“Money is your measure.� Ian McHarg Design With Nature
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.� Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.� Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.� Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Geology
“Money is your measure.� Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
“Money is your measure.�
Geology
Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
Streets - Infrastructure
Buildings
Tax Productivity
“Money is your measure.”
Geology
Ian McHarg Design With Nature Hydrology
What are the numbers for Buncombe County?
Total Taxable Value Buncombe County, NC
Biltmore Estate
Taxable Value per Acre Buncombe County, NC
Biltmore Estate
Taxable Value per Acre Buncombe County, NC
Black Mountain
Biltmore Estate
Biltmore Park
What are the numbers for Cabell-Wayne County?
Total Taxable Value
Cabell-Wayne, WV
Strip Mine
North
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Taxable Value per Acre Cabell-Wayne, WV
Strip Mine
North
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Taxable Value per Acre Cabell-Wayne, WV
Need arrow
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Taxable Value per Acre Cabell-Wayne, WV
Need Key
Need arrow
Cartography: Bre Shell
Taxable Value per Acre Cabell-Wayne, WV
Need Key
Need arrow
Cartography: Bre Shell
CSX
Total Taxable Value
Huntington, WV
North
Cartography: Brad Nunley
CSX
Taxable Value Per Acre
Huntington, WV
North
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Taxable Value Per Acre
Huntington, WV
St. James Building
North
Biltmore Estate Cartography: Brad Nunley
Taxable Value Per Acre
Huntington, WV
Taxable Value Per Acre
Huntington, WV
Taxable vs. Exempt Cabell-Wayne County, WV
21%
79%
Exempt Taxable
Cartography: Bre Shell
Taxable vs. Exempt
Huntington, WV
24%
76%
Exempt Taxable
Cartography: Bre Shell
Taxable vs. Exempt
Downtown Huntington, WV
28%
72%
Exempt Taxable
Cartography: Bre Shell
Comparative Impact
Huntington within Cabell
Huntington Cabell
6%
94%
County Area
30% 70%
County Property Value Cartography: Brad Nunley
Comparative Impact
Downtown within Huntington
Huntington Downtown
8%
92%
City Area 17%
83%
City Property Value Cartography: Brad Nunley
Comparative Impact
Downtown within Cabell
Downtown Cabell
1%
99%
County Area 8%
92%
County Property Value Cartography: Brad Nunley
RETAIL SALES
Sales Income
Other
Urban3 Maine Connecticut New Hampshire New Jersey Rhode Island Montana Massachusetts Wisconson Idaho Minnesota Vermont Michigan Mississippi Oregon Illinois Texas Delaware North Dakota Iowa West Virginia Florida South Carolina Nebraska Wyoming Kansas Hawaii Indiana North Carolina Virginia Alaska South Dakota California Utah Pennsylvania Nevada Georgia Arizona Colorado Ohio Tennessee Washington Missouri New York Maryland Kentucky New Mexico Oklahoma Louisiana Alabama Arkansas DC
Local Revenue Sources by State
Source: Tax Policy Center 2014
Property
Municipal Service Fee per Acre Huntington, WV (by block group)
Downtown al
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Employment per Acre
Huntington, WV (by block group)
Downtown
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Business and Occupation tax per Acre Huntington, WV (by block group)
Downtown
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Property Tax per Acre
Huntington, WV (by block group)
Downtown
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Total Municipal Revenue per Acre Huntington, WV (by block group)
Downtown
Cartography: Brad Nunley
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Walmart (on 60) $435,109 per acre
Walmart (by Mall) $568,980 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Huntington Mall $199,939 per acre
Best Buy + Michaels’ $963,737 per acre
Walmart (by Mall)
$568,980 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Big Lots + $290,900 per acre
Kmart $409,178 per acre
Walmart (by Mall)
$568,980 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Big Lots + $290,900 per acre
1340 4th Ave
$845,850 per acre
Walmart (by Mall)
$568,980 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Big Lots + $290,900 per acre
1340 4th Ave
$845,850 per acre
801 3rd Ave.
$1,952,086 per acre
Walmart (by Mall)
$568,980 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Near Campus Mixed-use
$1,648,815 per acre
Huntington T&S
$6,157,671 per acre
1340 4th Ave
$845,850 per acre
801 3rd Ave.
$1,952,086 per acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Near Campus Mixed-use
$1,648,815 per acre
Huntington T&S
$6,157,671 per acre
1340 4th Ave
$845,850 per acre
801 3rd Ave.
$1,952,086 per acre
West Virginia
$10,633,785 per acre
A Lasting Value
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
Built: 1906 ($400,000)
Frederick Hotel
$2,522,070
Value Per Acre
Cabell Co., WV Total Value Per Acre
St. James
$22,770,702 Value Per Acre
Built: 1914
Cabell County Profile: 2015 County Property Tax Yield per Acre
$4,340
$5,000
$4,167
$1,667
$2,220
$1,658
$1,465
$1,129
$2,500
$1,954
$3,333
$173
$55
$833
Residential
Commercial
2 Story CBD
1340 4th Ave
Walmart
Big Lots +
Huntington Mall
Aldi
City S-F*
County Res. S-F*
City 
 Undeveloped
$0
Mixed-Use *Average values per Cabell County Assessor File
Residential Commercial
$17,241 $31,153
$54,417
$50,000
West Virginia
Huntington
Trust & Savings
Pullman Square
$16,200
$20,000
Dodrills
$12,620
$10,798 The Pritchard
The Fredrick
$10,567
$10,143
$8,450
Black Sheep
Downtown Historic Core
3-4 Story CBD
$5,200
Central City Cafe
$2,220
Walmart
$4,986
$1,954
Big Lots +
Pullman Square with garage
Mixed-Use
$4,340
$1,658
Huntington Mall
$10,000
2 Story CBD
$1,465
Aldi
$1,129
$173
County Res. S-F*
City S-F*
$55
$0
City 
 Undeveloped
$60,000
Cabell County Profile: 2015 County Property Tax Yield per Acre
$40,000
$30,000
*Average values per Cabell County Assessor File
Residential Commercial
$10,798 The Pritchard
$54,417
$115,827
$100,000
St. James
$31,153
$60,000
West Virginia
$17,241
$16,200
$40,000
Huntington
Trust & Savings
Pullman Square
Dodrills
$12,620
$10,567 Black Sheep
The Fredrick
$10,143
Downtown Historic Core
$8,450
$20,000
3-4 Story CBD
$5,200
$2,220
Walmart
Central City Cafe
$1,954
Big Lots +
$4,986
$1,658
Huntington Mall
Pullman Square with garage
$1,465
Aldi
$4,340
Mixed-Use
2 Story CBD
$1,129
$173
County Res. S-F*
City S-F*
$55
$0
City 
 Undeveloped
$120,000
Cabell County Profile: 2015 County Property Tax Yield per Acre
$80,000
*Average values per Cabell County Assessor File
Cabell County, WV Determining Lasting Value
6.7 acres of The 801 3rd Aves. would equal the 30 acre Walmart on route 60. 801 3rd Ave.
$1,952,086 per acre
Walmart (on 60) $435,109 per acre
Cabell County, WV Determining Lasting Value
2 acres of The Huntington T&B would equal the 22 acre Walmart by the mall. Huntington T&S
$6,157,671 per acre
Walmart (by Mall) $568,980 per acre
Cabell County, WV Determining Lasting Value
11.5 acres of Pullman Square (with parking) would equal the 117 acre Huntington Mall Pullman Square $2,032,841 Value per Acre
Huntington Mall $199,939 per acre
Apples to Apples
Comparing land use types
Apples to Apples
Comparing land use types
Apples to Apples
Comparing land use types
Apples to Apples
Comparing land use types
Apples to Apples
Comparing land use types
What is the cash flow?
Lafayette, LA
“It's déjà vu all over again”
- Yogi Berra
Lafayette, LA
“It's déjà vu all over again”
- Yogi Berra
Lafayette, LA
“It's déjà vu all over again”
- Yogi Berra
Lafayette, LA
“It's déjà vu all over again”
- Yogi Berra
Developer Costs Soft Costs ★ Permitting ★ Architect ★ Engineering ★ Legal Fees ★ Marketing ★ Profit
Hard Costs ★ Land Cost ★ Buildings ★ Road & Sidewalks ★ Sewer ★ Water ★ Buildings
Photo: Christoph Gielen
Developer Costs Soft Costs ★ Permitting ★ Architect ★ Engineering ★ Legal Fees ★ Marketing ★ Profit
Hard Costs ★ Land Cost ★ Buildings ★ Road & Sidewalks ★ Sewer ★ Water ★ Buildings
Municipal Costs Service Cost ★Police ★Fire ★Government ★Schools ★Economic
Hard Costs ★ Roads to here ★ Public buildings ★ Parks ★ Sewer ★ Water
Photo: Christoph Gielen
Photo: Barry Chowka
Photo: Barry Chowka
I-49
Property Taxes Per Acre Lafayette Parish, LA
I-10
n
n
Jo
sto n h
r e V
m
o illi
Downtown
Revenues Expenses
Expense and Revenue Ratio Lafayette Parish, LA
DRAFT
Downtown
Net Positive Net Negative
Expense and Revenue Ratio Lafayette Parish, LA
DRAFT
Operating Expense Ratio Lafayette Parish, LA
Downtown
Mall River Ranch
DRAFT
Operating Expense Ratio (Total) Lafayette Parish, LA
Mall Downtown
DRAFT
Operating Expense Ratio (Total) Lafayette Parish, LA
Mall Downtown
DRAFT
Lafayette Cash Flow Model
Operating Expense Ratio (Total) Lafayette Parish, LA
Mall
Vermillion River
Downtown
DRAFT
Lafayette Cash Flow Model
Operating Expense Ratio (Total) Lafayette Parish, LA
Mall
Vermillion River
Downtown
DRAFT
Lafayette Cash Flow Model
MPO 2040 Population Model Projections
Population
Feet of pipe/person
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949 33,500
Population
Feet of pipe/person
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949 33,500
5
Population
Feet of pipe/person
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949 33,500
5
2.4
Population
Feet of pipe/person
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949 33,500
2015
5
2.4
Population
Feet of pipe/person
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949 33,500
2015 121,000
5
2.4
Population
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
Feet of pipe/person
Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949
5
2.4
33,500
2015 121,000
50
Population
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
Feet of pipe/person
Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949
5
2.4
33,500
2015 121,000
50
51.3
Population
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
Feet of pipe/person
Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949
5
2.4
33,500
2015 121,000
3.5x
50
51.3
Population
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
Feet of pipe/person
Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949
5
2.4
33,500
2015
50
121,000
3.5x
10x
51.3
Population
Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
Feet of pipe/person
Source: Sanborn Maps and LCG Records
1949
5
2.4
33,500
2015 121,000
3.5x
51.3
50
10x
21.4x
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
21.4x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
1950
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
21.4x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
1950
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
$27,700 21.4x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
1950 2015
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
$27,700 21.4x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
1950 2015
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
$45,000 $27,700 21.4x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Population
Your Median Household income 3.5x
1950 2015
Feet of pipe/person
10x Fire Hydrants/1,000 people
$45,000 $27,700 21.4x
1.6x Source: US Census Bureau and Stanfrod University adjusted to 2015 net present value.
Apollo XIII Mission Control
Median Value = $150,000
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr.
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr.
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads - $3,300 cost/yr.
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads - $3,300 cost/yr.
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads - $3,300 cost/yr. - $4,000 cost/yr.
Median Value = $150,000
x 1% for City Property Tax
=
$1,500 taxes/yr. +$150 to roads - $3,300 cost/yr. - $4,000 cost/yr. - $7,150 cost/house
> Greenway Dancing Traffic Cop
Art Teacher
Behavioral Economics
Dell Avenue
Analyst: Derek Sanders Map: Neil Thomas Resource Data, Inc.
Tax Code
Land Value Per Acre
Cabell County, WV
Land Value Per Acre
Cabell County, WV
Land Value Per Acre
Cabell County, WV
Land Value Per Acre
Cabell County, WV
MARKET FORCES
Photo: Alija
Photo: Alija
Corbellment Honfleur, Normandy Houses from the Middle Ages corbelled wood-sides to avoid paying a tax based on the ground level surface. People added on more space by stacking up larger and larger floors. Some houses that faced each other would nearly touch each other, which increased the risk of fires spreading! King Francois I banned this type of architecture (1515-1547).
The Window Tax 1696-1851, by King William III Window tax consisted of: 1. a flat-rate house tax per house and, 2. a variable tax for # windows > 10 3. Between 10 and 20 = 4 shillings, and 4. Those > 20 = 8 shillings.
Photo: Alija
Photo: Alija
François Mansart, architect (1598–1666)
His treatment of high roof stories gave rise to the term “Mansard roof"
At the time, only the number of floors below the “roof”, were considered part of the building.
Public Policy
= Huntington
Steelers $1.1B
$1.1B Taxable Value
Source (2013): forbes.com
>
Penguins $288M
Pirates $479M
Asheville $12.8B Taxable Value
Steelers $1.1B
Source (2013): forbes.com
= Asheville $12.8B Taxable Value Steelers $1.1B (11.6) Source (2013): forbes.com
Rooney
Ben Roethlisberger
Rooney
Ben Roethlisberger
If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it. Mayor Michael Bloomberg
DO THE MATH