High Rise Wood by Civic Design Center

High Rise Wood Looking for opportunities for large scale wood construction in Nashville

Concept for affordable housing above WeGo’s E. Duff Transit Center

High Rise Wood This publication was designed and written by Remington Lynch, Landscape Planning Associate for the Civic Design Center The mission of the Civic Design Center is to advocate for civic design visions and actionable change in communities to improve quality of life for all. Founded in 2001, the work began with a large-scale community engagement project that culminated in a comprehensive vision for the city: The Plan of Nashville. Thanks to university partnerships and community voices, the Design Center has continued to expand upon the Plan’s innovative ideas through blogs, publications, and educational events. As Nashville grows in influence, we will continue to lead change so that our city may help set an example for civic design around the world. For more information on Civic Design Center and its projects, please visit www.civicdesigncenter.org

October 2023

Civic design center

MISSION STATEMENT

Advocate for civic design visions and actionable change in communities to improve quality of life for all

Highlighted principles The Guiding Principles are a contemporary, universal adaptation of our original 10 Principles of The Plan of Nashville that arose from a wide-scale community engagement effort of over 800 people in neighborhoods throughout Nashville. Rooted in community ideas, the Principles and their underlying goals represent key factors that our organization believes should be prioritized in planning, design, and development.

pillar: Representation

Pillar: preservation

Pillar: expansion

Identity

Sustainability

Housing

Strengthen the unique identities of neighborhoods that reflects their people, history, and culture.

Prioritize design that alleviates impact on the environment’s natural resources.

Supply housing options for diverse incomes and lifestyles that complement the neighborhood.

table of contents Foreword

Explore the concept of mass timber from Yugon Kim

What is Mass Timber?

Learn about what makes mass timber a viable option

Environmental Impacts

See how this building type effects the environment

Construction Impacts

What can mass timber offer on the worksite

Mass Timber Building Types Check out the styles of mass timber construction

Around the World

Look forward to exploring these buildings

Student Work

Check out what students have done in their design studios

Local Projects

See what Nashville has to offer

Closing

What to look forward to

References

Look here to find more resources

Foreword featuring Yugon Kim Partner | Director of TSKP x ikd When we began our mass timber journey nearly 12 years ago, we would exclaim that cross laminated timber (CLT) would be the building material of the future. We passionately extolled the virtues of Mother Nature’s greatest gift—to architecture and perhaps the world—of a building material that is more ﬁre resistant, lighter, and easier to work with than steel and concrete, that creates spaces with biophilic (connections to the natural environment) qualities that improve the well-being of is occupants, that regenerates for free by the power of the sun, and could create carbon negative buildings in a world troubled by climate change and rising carbon levels. Knowing that our words might fall upon deaf ears or that our efforts could stall in the face of the status quo within a building industry that has remained largely unchanged for decades, we dreamt of a timber renaissance that would bring bio-based buildings back to a country that was in fact founded and once ﬂourished because of its abundance of trees.

As evidenced by the projects documented not only in this publication but worldwide, we can say with certainty that CLT and other mass timber assemblies are not only the building material of the future but the building material of today. There has been unbelievable exponential growth in the use of CLT, with an incredibly diverse range of building types and scales, already constructed and in planning, in every region of the United States. With a growing contingent of North American manufacturers of CLT, rural economies are being stimulated and forests are becoming healthier. Real, impactful changes in the building code are now being enacted, permitting the use of CLT at both federal and local levels. Public perception has ﬁnally reached a tipping point, and timber structures are now seen as safe and a boon to both the planet and the health of human beings. While many are now eager to build with wood, we must also now ensure that we take special care in thinking about how to sustainably manage a timber-driven building industry. Trees, while plentiful and able to regenerate, take time to grow, and wildlife is inevitably impacted by large scale harvesting. As building with mass timber becomes mainstream, best practices for sustainable harvesting as well as low-waste fabrication must be at the 05

forefront of our mindset so that there is no weak link in the material supply chain. We are certain that in the very near future, timber buildings will no longer be considered specialty projects and will simply become a familiar part of our urban landscape, changing how we think of cities. We should all consider ourselves extremely fortunate to bear witness to this once-in-a-lifetime shift that reconsiders better approaches to building our constructed world. We look forward to continuing to see the collaboration among the diverse mix of stakeholders, including architects, builders, civic leaders, forestry and industry professionals, environmentalists, developers, and everyday citizens, innovating to actualize a better world not only for ourselves but for future generations to come through the conscious stewardship of this most remarkable natural resource.

03 Conversation Plinth, Columbus IN

Timber City Display

02 Timber City Display National Building Museum, Washington D.C.

05 Timber City Display

06 Outside-in Bench, Sandwich MA

what is mass timber?

Mass Timber construction is a style of construction where wood is their main building material. Some would ask how do builders make wood viable to use as a main structural material? The special type of wood used in these buildings is actually engineered wood that is incredibly strong so it can be used as the main support system for buildings. These engineered pieces are typically built off site, then transported to the site, and assembled in a very specific way, like a puzzle. Imagine it as a building set you’d get as a child but built at a massive scale. With this system, the building is designed from the ground up with mass timber as its building method. Having the mindset to start with mass timber leads to many more benefits throughout the design phase, the building phase and into the actual use of the building. The use of wood isn’t a new idea when it comes to construction. Wood has always been a major part of the building world throughout history, but when it comes to high rise buildings, wood hasn’t been at the forefront. Steel, concrete and glass have been the primary building materials for high rises. However, with new construction practices and specialized materials, wood is making an impactful mark on the high rise market. Wood can be the main material for structure and stability, so Mass Timber is proving that it belongs in the conversation for designers when they are starting new projects. On top of being a viable choice for structure, Mass Timber is also making major improvements in other aspects of the building's lifespan, like mitigating construction waste, CO₂ emissions, project time, number of on site workers, mental health and more. Throughout this publication, we will dive more into the benefits of Mass Timber Construction, explore precedents from around the world, look into local students’ work on the subject, and explore the exciting projects that Nashville itself has to offer in this building field.

world examples

10 Central Credit Union Arena, Univ. of Idaho

Mjøstårnet, Brumunddal Norway

11 Calgary Central Library, Calgary Canada

12 Peavy Hall, Oregon State University

13 Botanical Garden, Taiyuan China

14 Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, Alberta Canada

15 Sara Cultural Centre, Skellefteå Sweden

environmental impacts Materiality makes a massive impact when it comes to building sustainably. That’s why wood is a great option to look into for structures. It’s a natural, renewable, and versatile material. Using Mass Timber also helps reduce waste on the construction site since you must know exactly what materials are needed in the design phase. When it comes to sustainability in construction, one of the biggest factors is carbon (CO2) footprint. Mass Timber avoids large amounts of emissions compared to steel and concrete (manufacturing and transportation energy consumption), and one of wood’s most interesting aspects is its ability to sequester carbon. This means wood can take C02 out of the atmosphere and use it in the photosynthesis process. The act of storing C02 can be a bit complicated, but think of the wood as a sponge; it takes in that carbon and holds onto it until it is “squeezed” or, in terms of the wood, rots or decomposes. Timber used in the construction is unlikely to decompose, however, if the building is properly cared for, it should last for a long time. If it has to be replaced, there is always the opportunity to reuse the wood in other ways (interior use, furniture, flooring, etc). Going along with the sequestration of carbon, the overall practice of sustainable forestry also helps with absorbing carbon. Carbon is stored in the trees as well as the soil, so the ecosystem itself is taking in large amounts of carbon, while at the same time providing building materials. Another factor that contributes to Mass Timber’s efficiency is the large reduction of building waste that goes into the project. The amount of materials is pre-set, and the pieces are come to the site built and ready to be assembled. In traditional construction, there are many situations where materials are being cut, scrapped, and tossed because they are retrofitting pieces together to create the building. This process results in extra waste.

co2

Restart the Process

New Forest

CO2 Flow: Trees take CO2 out of the air, store it in the wood, and then contain it in its built form. Once the wood breaks down, it relseaes the CO2 back into this system . As long as the building stands it holds in the CO2. 09

Thinning

Stand Management

Harvest

Renewable Source: By using best sustainable forestry

practices for lumber growth, we can ensure that we provide ourselves with enough building material as well as keeping our natural forests lush.

construction impacts

Traditional construction has poor environmental impact and it impacts the overall project timeline, safety, and number of workers on site. Mass Timber’s inherent waste reduction on the site has major environmental benefits, but it also reduces the cost that goes into supplies. By having a better handle on the amount of waste coming off of the site, the construction team can be much more accurate when estimating costs. Every construction site has the potential to be dangerous, and a Mass Timber site is no different, but when it comes to the assembly, the process has a much smoother application than traditional steel construction. Each piece of the building is labeled and everyone knows exactly where that piece should be going; there is no guessing or improvising on the site, which drastically reduces the potential for injury on site. In a similar vein, by taking away the retrofitting guesswork, this can result in speedier construction. Having Mass Timber allows for more time building rather than waiting on materials to set, like concrete, or piecing things together, like steel. A Mass Timber building can be built roughly 25% faster than steel or concrete, and it requires a fraction of construction traffic/holding sites because of the prefabrication process.

Maximize

Prefab Timber

Minimize

Steel

Concrete

Managing Workers: With a smoother construction phase, the building crew can have fewer members on site and still acomplish the same task. This helps cut down the potential for accidents and makes the site easier to manage

Reduced Waste: With the use of heavy timber, the building pieces are prefabricated and ready to go. This helps streamline the materials that enter the site, minimize materials used in the build and keep them on the site. 10

building types

NLT Nail Laminated Timber

To create NLT, dimension lumber is placed on edge with individual laminations mechanically fastened together with nails or screws. The boards are nominal 2x, 3x, and 4x thickness. Width is typically 4-12 inches. NLT gets its strength and durability from the nails/screws that fasten individual pieces of dimensional lumber into a single structural element. NLT’s revival is due in large part to domestic availability. The mass timber product does not require a dedicated manufacturing facility—compared with other building materials like cross-laminated timber (CLT)—and it can be fabricated with readily available dimensional lumber. This allows project teams and manufacturers to use locally sourced materials.

clt

Cross Laminated Timber

CLT panels consist of layered lumber boards (usually three, five, or seven) stacked crosswise at 90-degree angles and glued into place. Finger joints and structural adhesive connect the boards. Board thickness typically varies between 5/8 inch to 2 inches, with board width ranging from 2.4 to 9.5 inches.The panels can be manufactured at custom dimensions, though transportation restrictions dictate their length. Alternating grains improve CLT panels’ dimensional stability. This strength affords designers a host of new uses for wood, including wide prefabricated floor slabs, single-level walls, and taller floor plate heights. As with other mass timber products, CLT can be left exposed in building interiors — up to 8 stories in the 2021 IBC, offering additional aesthetic attributes. Like other mass timber products, CLT can be used in hybrid applications with materials such as concrete and steel. It can also be used as a prefabricated building component, accelerating construction timelines.

dLT Dowell Laminated Timber

DLT is similar to nail-laminated timber (NLT), without the use of screws or nails. To form DLT members, softwood lumber panels are stacked like NLT and friction-fit together with hardwood dowels. The dowels hold the boards together, and the friction fit—achieved by the differing moisture content of the softwood panels and the hardwood dowels—affords additional dimensional stability. Dowels also can be inserted diagonally, offering additional resistance. Because DLT does not use nails or screws, it is easier and safer to mill and route. The lack of an adhesive is also attractive for projects looking to maximize the use of wood.

glt Glued-Laminated Timber

To form a glulam (glue laminate) component, wood laminations (dimensional lumber) are positioned according to their stress-rated performance characteristics. In most cases, the strongest laminations sandwich the beam to absorb stress proportionally and ensure longevity. The laminations are jointed end to end, allowing for long spans, and are bonded with a durable, moisture-resistant adhesive. The laminations’ grains run parallel with the member’s length to improve its strength. Glulam members come in standard and custom sizes. Depths range from 6 inches to 72 inches, and widths range from 2.5 inches to 10.75 inches, according to APA. Components are cut to length when ordered and can surpass 100 feet. Commercial projects often require longer spans and accommodate bigger loads than residential projects, meaning custom widths and depths are often required. In addition to straight spans, glulam can also be used for curved and pitched applications.

around the world Mass Timber buildings are gaining popularity around the world due to their lower impact on the environment. American cities are working to keep up with sustainable design trends, so Mass Timber buildings are growing in number locally. The statistics outline the global increase in high-rise wood structures, while the following precedents show American examples that may be feasible sites for local designers to visit for inspiration.

minutes for forests to grow back timber used in Hoho, Vienna

64% 3x

Tall Mass Timber: Status out of 139 buildings

of all mass timber are residential buildings

world’s tallest building height has tripled in past ten years

Buildings are 8 stories or taller for all graphics/data

All Timber: 38 Concrete Timber Hybrid: 29 Concrete Steel Timber Hybrid: 10 Steel Timber Hybrid: 7

Residential: 54 Office: 16 Mixed Use: 12 Institutional: 2

Completed: 66 Proposed: 55 Construction: 18

Europe: 60 North America: 15 Australia: 8 Asia: 1

Timeline of Mass Timber Completions by Construction Type 14

Number of buildings

Tall Mass Timber: Structure Type out of 84 buildings

Tall Mass Timber: Region out of 84 buildings

Tall Mass Timber: Use out of 84 buildings

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

‘09

All Timber

‘10

‘11

‘12

‘13

‘14

Concrete Timber

‘15

‘16

Year

‘17

‘18

‘19

‘20

Concrete Steel Timber

* stats and infographics info from: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Mass Timber data

‘21

‘22

‘23

Steel Timber

t3 Minneapolis t3 West Midtown the ascent 14

t3 Minneapolis

minneapolis, minnesota Developer: Hines Architect: Michael Green Architecture / DLR Group About:

T3 Minneapolis was the largest modern mass timber building in the USA upon completion, and the 180,000 sqft timber superstructure was installed in only 9.5 weeks. With the successful launch of T3 Minneapolis (timber, technology, transportation), tall wood construction in North America continues to reach new heights. Replacing traditional structural systems such as concrete and steel, prefabricated solid wood panels, such as Nail-Laminated Timber panels, create a construction method which is fast, clean, and sustainable–not to mention aesthetically pleasing. Designed by Michael Green Architecture and DLR Group, this mass timber building's seven stories and 220,000 square feet of mixed retail and office space has a strong draw on local investors and the tech and creative tenants due to the warmth of wood and the embrace of green construction techniques and materials. The bottom concrete level is set aside for both retail space and a tenant amenity centre which includes fitness, social workspace, and bike parking. Above it is six stories of pure wood office space.

t3 West Midtown atlanta, georgia

Developer: Hines Architect: Hartshorne Plunkard Architecture / DLR Group About:

The building style of T3 West Midtown uses DLT panels for the floor and roof system in addition to a GLT posts beam and substructure with a steel brace frame lateral system. T3 West Midtown is one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable building types in a modern workplace. All the wood is sourced from managed forests that utilize certified sustainable forestry practices, which helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint. Multimodel transportation is becoming a major component to urban areas, and T3 buildings are helping to push that forward. T3 West Midtown’s prominent and convenient location within Atlantic Station provides a number of options, including a dedicated MARTA shuttle, bike lanes and easy access to the highway. On site, the building offers alternative transportation amenities like electronic charging stations and plenty of bike storage. Overall the building is not only just functioning as an office building, but also as a node that encourages alternative tranist modes throughout the city.

the ascent

milwaukee, wisCONSIN Developer: New Land Enterprises Architect: Korb + Associates Architects About:

At 86.6 meters (284 feet), it was certified as the world's tallest timber building, as well as the world's tallest timber-concrete hybrid building, by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Ascent, which houses luxury apartments and retail, beat the previous-tallest timber tower, the 85.4-meter-high Mjøstårnet in Norway, to the title. Designed by Korb + Associates Architects (KA), the skyscraper was built in just under two years after breaking ground in August 2020. The architecture studio's design for the tower was informed by biophilic design. Biophilic desgin is the concept of trying to mimic ideas seen in nature and use them in the built word. Ascent, which is located in downtown Milwaukee, has a six-story podium at its base that houses retail and amenity spaces, as well as parking and a lobby. The 19 stories above hold apartments and culminate in a top floor with floor-to-ceiling glass windows and two sky decks. The cladding for the building is almost exclusively glass.

student work The Civic Design Center and the University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Architecture and Design (UTK) have enjoyed a fruitful and enduring collaboration that commenced in 2001. This partnership has facilitated numerous investigations conducted by the Design Center team, enabling architecture students to delve into prospective "real-world" endeavors situated in Nashville. An exciting endeavor in 2019 involved LP's co-sponsorship of the Civic Design Center's Urban Design Studio: Timber Tower for Sustainable Future initiative. In this undertaking, students from UTK had the opportunity to envision a mass timber high-rise building set within downtown Nashville. This inventive project showcased the students' talent and creativity, while also reflecting the commitment of both institutions to promoting sustainable and innovative design solutions. The projects focus on addressing real-life urban challenges, such as sustainable development, urban density, and affordable housing. By incorporating wood as a primary material, students explore the potential to create environmentally-conscious, aesthetically pleasing, and socially engaging high-rise structures. The outcomes of the studio's projects are exhibited in the following pages, highlighting the collaborative efforts, innovative designs, and the potential impact of high-rise wood architecture on cities. This exhibition serves as a platform to engage communities in conversations about the future of architecture, sustainability, and urban planning.

UTK Students presenting their work to the jury

Vanderbilt Engineer Students with Civic Design Center’s Design Director, Eric Hoke at LP Building Solutions Corprate Headquarters

UTK Project

Student Team: Bolen, Dutch, Poston Architecture Program Alternative design strategies that are focused on in this project will lead to shifting perspectives design’s role within the fabric of the city. In the change seen throughout the growth of such projects as this, comparable metrics will allow for further development and education in the many fields that concern the healthy growth of the city’s future. Designing in the spectrum of innovation and pursuit for advancement allows the possibilities and vision from a larger context to be properly expressed outwardly and given the appreciation that only comes with the experience of change within an environment. Discovery and change is made in the process of connecting areas of influence to ultimately create sustainable futures with each project we attain.

UTK Project

Student Team: Campbell, Ebbert, Sim Architecture Program The project is a product of rethinking standards. The result is a CLT structure that contains 276 micro-housing apartments that rest on a mixed-use base. The primary objective in the design process was to improve upon typical city living. This meant increasing floor to ceiling heights, adding green spaces in a unique and more accessible way, and putting a priority on natural day lighting.

UTK Project

Student Team: Fox, Haun, Mcreynolds Architecture Program The ultimate agenda of the tower is to inspire individuals to live more healthy lifestyles, while also improving the health of the local environment. This will be accomplished through careful selection of program, integrated systems, and the deployment of specific materials. The high-rise residential tower will utilize a CLT structure that naturally sequesters carbon from the environment, as well as being a more environmentally friendly manufacturing and construction process than more typical structural systems. Timber will be celebrated within the building, providing tenants and occupants with an experience that educates and excites people about sustainability. In thinking about how to improve health of people and local environment, the built environment plays a huge role in that, especially if the building is being lived in.

Vanderbilt Project

Student Team: Donato, Judin, Williams Engineer Program The Vanderbilt Engineering Infill Housing project aimed to expand on a development plan for housing above the central bus station. With the goal of bringing more environmentally sustainable housing to the location, the students utilized innovative building methods, such as high-rise wood construction. This allowed them to exceed the original plans and create a more overall units and sustainable living environment. Throughout the project, the students had the privilege of meeting with dedicated mentors from engineering firms and wood construction companies. These mentors played a pivotal role in advising on the designs and providing valuable insights to enhance the students' knowledge in the field. They shared design calculation examples and real-world wood construction scenarios, allowing the students to gain a deeper understanding of the practical aspects of working with wood as a structural material. By leveraging the expertise of their mentors, the students were able to develop a structurally sound design. They implemented sustainable and affordable solutions, utilizing mass timber construction techniques. This approach not only provided a durable and environmentally friendly solution, but also contributed to the affordability and accessibility of the housing project. The students to push the boundaries of their civil engineering knowledge and successfully deliver a project that incorporated sustainable practices while meeting the housing needs of the community.

Local Projects Over the past few years, Nashville has had numerous construction projects popping up throughout the city. Among those projects have been the proposals for a handful of Mass Timber buildings. These completed/ongoing projects are challenging the way the city views new building projects and encouraging healthier work environments for the people of Nashville. By promoting Mass Timber construction, the city is able to develop a diverse skyline that not only adds value through unique designs, but also aids in the city’s efforts to become more sustainable. Three pioneering projects in Nashville are grouped together in the southern half of the city with two in Wedgewood-Houston and the other on Music Row. This could be for a number of reasons such as the building scale in these neighborhoods, available lands, the character of the existing context or the functionality of these buildings. With Nashville’s Climate Change Mitigation Action Plan encouraging more sustainable projects, the city should look at mass timber construction for future projects. Our CO2 emissions from buildings are roughly half of our greenhouse gas emissions as a city, so expanding our thoughts on how to build our environment can help mitigate those emissions.

1030 Music Row

Warehouse Company T3 Wedgewood Houston 32

1030 music row

Developer: Panattoni Development Company

Architect: Anecdote Contractor: Turner Construction Address: 1030 Music Row

about

A classy, five-story mass timber office building has come to Nashville’s Music Row. The project is Panattoni’s third office building on Music Row. It is designed specifically to target the creative office market in our post-COVID environment, with easily accessible floors and modern HVAC and access systems. The superstructure uses shop prefabricated spruce DLT panels on Glulam columns and beams, with a central structural steel core as the lateral load resisting system. The first level is partial office (timber) as well as a parkade (steel) with 4 underground parking levels. The building’s glass skin shows off the warm timber interiors. 33

Steel was chosen for the core system of Music Row by our (StructureCraft) structural engineers to improve schedule and cost efficiency. With the goal of minimizing the exposure time of the walls to the elements, the steel core was sequenced to be erected first so that the CLT elevator shaft could be dropped in from the top after the first 4 levels of steel had been erected. This added some complexity to the detailing of the connections between the steel and timber and meant taking a close look at how each piece of the shaft would be installed.

Andrew Keithly | studioagk.com

30 Andrew Keithly | studioagk.com

nashville warehouse company Developer: AJ Capital Partners

Architect: Hartshorne Plunkard Architecture Contractor: DPR Construction Address: 1131 4th Ave South

about

Nashville has received its first large-scale mass timber structure in the form of two office buildings, up to 5 storeys tall, as part of a larger mixed use development. A feature of the building is the gable roofs, which create a beautiful vaulted space that also highlight the warmth of wood from the exterior. The floor and roof decks use structural, prefabricated DLT panels supported by a Glulam post and beam frame. The mass timber superstructure is anchored back to centrally located concrete cores which transfer lateral loads down to the foundations.

As with many mass timber buildings, the key early design conisiderations were size of column grid, routing od MEP,conisiderations were size of column grid, routing od MEP, and integration of the facade/edge support with the timber structure. We (structureCraft) joined the project team and provided engineering value propositions for these items, driving for efficiency while maintaining the architectural intent. Given the varying column grid size (up to 24'x30'), we proposed a purlin framing system to economize on material and simplify connection while also providing "chases" for the mechanical ducts.

t3 wedgewood houston Developer: Hines

Design Architect | Architect of Record: HASTINGS | DLR Group Contractor: Hoar Construction Address: 1234 Martin Street

about

Celebrating the spirit of the Wedgewood-Houston neighborhood, T3 “The Finery” is part of a new nexus for creatives, forming a social, artistic, and economic hub knit into the historic fabric of the neighborhood. It is an innovative 200,000 sqft, 7-storey mass timber structure providing creative office space with ground-floor retail. The top 5 floors of the office building will be constructed with a mass timber post-and-beam structure. The concrete podium structure includes a 200-space parking garage. The exposed mass timber recalls the warmth and

familiarity of historic heavy timber buildings while utilizing modern methods and a forward-looking approach to construction. StructureCraft is honored to join the project team as engineer-builder for the mass timber superstructure on another T3, adding Nashville to the growing list of cities with a T3 project, including Minneapolis, Atlanta, and Toronto.

closing High-rise wood construction represents a remarkable advancement in sustainable building practices, offering numerous environmental, economic, and social benefits. By challenging traditional notions of tall building construction and embracing the use of timber as a primary structural material, high-rise wood buildings demonstrate a clear commitment to sustainability and a visionary approach to urban development. From an environmental perspective, high-rise wood construction significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to conventional materials such as concrete and steel. Wood is a renewable resource that acts as a carbon sponge, storing carbon dioxide throughout its lifecycle. By using wood in high-rise construction, we can effectively sequester large amounts of carbon, mitigating climate change and contributing to a more sustainable built environment. Furthermore, high-rise wood buildings promote sustainable forest management practices. When sourced from responsibly managed forests, timber used in construction supports the preservation of biodiversity, promotes reforestation efforts, and ensures the long-term health of ecosystems. By choosing high-rise wood construction, we can encourage sustainable forestry practices and protect our natural resources for future generations. There are also economic advantages of high-rise wood construction. The use of wood as a primary building material allows for faster construction timelines due to off-site prefabrication and modular construction techniques. These methods result in reduced construction costs, improved project efficiency, and shorter disruptions to urban areas. Moreover, the lightweight nature of wood reduces the load on foundations, enabling cost-effective designs and increased flexibility in architectural possibilities. Additionally, the local sourcing of timber supports regional economies and creates job opportunities in forestry and wood processing industries, contributing to community development. High-rise wood construction also has positive social impacts. The natural warmth and aesthetic appeal of wood create a welcoming and biophilic environment that enhances occupant well-being. The use of wood in tall buildings can foster a connection to nature, providing a sense of calm and reducing stress levels. In conclusion, high-rise wood construction stands as a testament to sustainable urban development. Through its ecological advantages, economic viability, and positive social effects, high-rise wood buildings offer a holistic and forward-thinking approach to building design and construction. Embracing this innovative practice can lead us towards a more sustainable and resilient future, where tall buildings not only provide functional spaces but also contribute to a harmonious coexistence with nature, fostering healthier, greener, and more vibrant cities. 39

47 HoHo Wien, Vienna Austria

48 HAUT, Amsterdam Netherlands

49 55 Southbank, Melbourne Australia

50 De Karel Doorman, Rotterdam Netherlands

51 Kaj16, Göteborg Sweden

References Works Cited

https://www.thinkwood.com/mass-timber https://www.thinkwood.com/sustainable-architecture-design https://www.thinkwood.com/mass-timber/cross-laminated-timber-clt https://www.thinkwood.com/mass-timber/dowel-laminated-timber-dlt https://www.thinkwood.com/mass-timber/nail-laminated-timber-nlt https://www.thinkwood.com/mass-timber/glued-laminated-timber-glulam https://structurecraft.com/ https://www.woodworks.org/learn/mass-timber-clt/ https://www.woodworks.org/resources/introduction-to-whole-building-life-cycle-assessment-the-basics/ https://www.ctbuh.org/mass-timber-data#:~:text=This%20data%20study%20represents%20the,%2C%20under%20construction%20or%20proposed*.

Publication Contributers

Thank you to the contributers for providing work and resources for this publication.

LP Building Solutions

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Vanderbilt University

TSKP x IKD

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A publication created by the Civic Design Center who’s mission is to advocate for civic design visions and actionable change in communities to improve quality of life for all. civicdesigncenter.org civicdesigncenter.org