2003-04
2
A Newsletter of the Project; Conservation of Critically Endangered Gyps Species of Vulture in India A Joint Project of
Bombay Natural History Society
Editorial
Forest Department of Haryana
e are happy to bring out the third edition of Jatayu - the annual newsletter of the vulture conservation project devoted exclusively to the conservation of the critically endangered Gyps species of vultures.
Funded by
Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species UK Published by
Vulture Care Centre
Editor
Vibhu Prakash
Inside 1
Editorial
2
Vulture Care Centre Vultures at the Centre Highlights of the Activities at the Centre. Necropsies of Vultures at the Centre Tagging of Vultures
3
Annual Nation-wide Vulture Surveys Monitoring of Vulture Nesting Colonies Project Staff Recruitment
4
South Asian Vulture Recovery plan Workshop The Last Word Thank you Vultures Carcass Submission Protocol
Vulture Care Centre
W
The year 2003-2004 was very eventful for the vulture conservation. Dr. Lindsay Oaks from Washington State University working for the Peregrine Fund, a U. S. based non-governmental organization and his team of investigators, published his interesting findings in Nature, the most prestigious scientific journal from U.K.. He found a strong positive co-relation between presence of the NSAID diclofenac in the tissues of vulture and occurrence of visceral gout. The visceral gout was found to be the most consistent finding in the necropsies of vultures both in India and Pakistan. He could also experimentally produce similar symptoms as were seen in the wild. The concentration of diclofenac as low as 0.22 mg/gm of body weight was found to be lethal to vultures. The vulture tissues examined for the presence of diclofenac in India following the finding of the Peregrine Fund in Pakistan, showed presence of diclofenac in most of the tissue samples. A strong positive co-relation was confirmed between occurrence of gout and presence of diclofenac. The drug diclofenac was introduced as a veterinary drug in India in late eighties and is now widely available across the country. It is considered to be very effective and has about Rs. 20 crore market, about 5% of the total veterinary medicine market in India. So, diclofenac does appear to be a major killer of vultures in South Asia. A mathematical model
developed by Drs Rhys Green and Ian Newton shows that only 0.4 % cattle carcasses need to have lethal levels of diclofenac to cause the level of population crash witnessed in Gyps species of vultures in India. This seems to put to rest the thought that very few cattle in the country are treated and it was unlikely that diclofenac could be the cause of decline in vulture population. Based on the information available on causes of vulture mortality and declines, a Vulture Recovery Plan was released by Mr. S. C. Dhesi, Principal Secretary and Finance Commissioner, Forests, Government of Haryana, in presence of Mr. Bhisht, I.G. Forest, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India on 16th February 2004. The recovery plan discusses various aspects of decline in vulture populations in south Asia. The plan was prepared and approved by top forest officers of various states, Scientists of the IUCN Species Specialist Group, Royal Society for Protection of Birds, Zoological Society of London, The Peregrine Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society. Bombay Natural History Society, Zoological Survey of India, Wildlife Institute of India and Central Zoo
Authority. The major recommendations of the plan are to ban the use of diclofenac as a veterinary drug and initiate captive breeding programme at least at 6 locations in South Asia to save the vultures from imminent extinction. I hope the Indian authorities will take immediate action to implement the plan, as at the moment extinction of three species appears imminent. The research in finding the causes of vulture mortality should however, continue as diclofenac toxicity could not still fully explain the chronic sickness reported in vultures in India before the mortality. Diclofenac toxicity appears to be acute and causes mortality within hours of poisoning. All the vultures which were affected, recovered when they were given water and food and were kept in cool and undisturbed area of the vulture care centre. The very interesting find of novel Herpes virus in vultures should be followed up. The important find of the virus concentration around the central nervous system appears to be significant. It is interesting to see if the virus causes gout or is a cause of mortality. Dr. Vibhu Prakash