Galbraith Rural Matters Summer 2019

Rural

ISSUE 7 SUMMER 2019

MATTERS

Why bees are brilliant n n n n

Trees add value to an upland farm Going back to the wild A woman’s work... is on the farm A secret castle comes back to life

WELCOME

Challenges and opportunities

CONTENTS

4 Bringing a secret castle back to life.

6

We always approach the summer with keen anticipation.

Woman’s work: Farming is in the blood for two of our land agents.

As well as being enjoyable, it is always a very busy time of year, with agricultural shows, livestock auctions, fruit harvesting, farms and land coming to the market and more.

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In amongst all this activity, as advisors we attempt to take stock and assess how best our clients can plan for the future and capitalise on opportunities where they exist.

Currently the key issue on everyone’s mind remains the need to plan for an uncertain post-Brexit future. While politicians, at the time of writing, are still divided, the rural sector is clear – we understand the value of our land, our livestock, our produce and the benefits we bring to consumers, the economy and wider society.

Cultural and political changes may seem rather daunting at first glance, but with every challenge comes an opportunity.

Many of us are already demonstrating best practice in terms of land management for public goods and the opportunities offered by diversified land use.

The value in our land is its versatility. We stand ready to embrace the changes ahead.

Decline of salmon continues.

10 COVER STORY: The amazing value of the humble bee.

12 Going back to the wild on two Scottish estates.

Forestry without grants.

14 A9 and A96 road widening update.

Ossian Experiences – the new leisure offering from Galbraith.

16 Behind the scenes at the Stirling Bull Sales.

Private water supplies.

Galbraith and Land Factor merge.

See you at the shows.

20 All about septic tanks.

GALBRAITH is a leading independent property consultancy. Drawing on a century of experience in land and property management, the firm is progressive and dynamic, employing 240 people in offices throughout the UK. We provide a full range of property consulting services across the commercial, residential, forestry, rural and energy sectors.

Smaller forestry projects can be profitable – and they could be a lifeline for struggling sheep farmers, says Jennifer Jeffrey.

All about LDPs.

18 ian hope, Head of rural

How trees

Land agents meet at Glamis Castle.

22 A day in the life...

Putting more game on the menu.

With the threat of Less Favoured Area Support Scheme (LFASS) payments grinding to a halt, confusion over future farm subsidies and the ready market of investors looking for bare hill land suitable for forestry planting, it may seem that upland livestock farmers have no option but to sell up and cash in while they can.

However, consideration should be given to how livestock and forestry enterprises can be run in tandem on the same holding to add value to your land and business. The answer could be agro-forestry.

The benefits that agro-forestry can bring to sheep health and productivity are well known and proven: • Providing shelter and shade for animals.

• Assisting with water management.

• Increasing bio-security.

• Increasing grass growth.

What may not be as well known is that smaller forestry plantations can be profitable too and bring a wider benefit to the whole farming business.

Galbraith provides a personal service, listening to clients and delivering advice to suit their particular opportunities and circumstances.

tax benefits Follow us on Twitter: @Galbraith_Group @Galbraith_Rural Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/GalbraithRural/ See us on Instagram: www.instagram.com/GalbraithGroup Join us on LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/galbraith

Rural Matters is produced by Galbraith and designed by George Gray Media & Design, St Andeux, France. © CKD Galbraith LLP.

Page 2 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

Forestry brings a number of tax benefits – one of the reasons investors are keen to cash in. No income tax is payable on profit made from the sale of commercial timber and the gain in value of commercially managed standing timber is free from Capital Gains Tax so passing on property to the next generation may be less onerous.

Commercially managed woodland also qualifies for Business Property Relief, so no Inheritance

can add value to upland farms

Tax should be payable on commercial woodland assets, if they have been owned for at least two years.

Carbon Credits Carbon Credits are saleable assets which are allocated through the Woodland Carbon Code, a government initiative to quantify and verify the amount of carbon that will be captured by new woodland planting.

Once your new planting project is established, it is validated into the scheme and a number of Pending Issuance Units (PIUs) are issued based on the estimated volume of carbon the scheme is expected to sequester during its lifetime. These PIU’s are then tradeable and buyers can use them to offset their carbon emissions once the plantation has been verified at various dates.

Income can therefore be generated throughout a forest’s lifetime and you may see a profit from your investment before trees reach maturity and felling begins.

A more saleable asset Although you may think that you don’t have enough land to sacrifice to tree planting – it is important to consider shelter belts, hedgerows and those wet corners that you never seem to get dry. It’ll probably turn out that you have more available land than you think.

Well-managed farms and estates with diversified income streams which include forestry are more saleable and valuable assets. Consequently, tree planting will be of benefit even if you only plan to own the property short term.

“

Forestry brings a number of tax benefits – one of the reasons investors are keen to cash in.

Shelter belts: not just for amenity Farmers should also think about existing shelter belts, which can now be worth more than just their amenity value. Previously, access problems and lack of economies of scale meant that shelter belts had little or no value for harvesting.

However, in today’s market, with rising timber prices, harvesting may be more worthwhile. There is growing demand for timber around the world and this demand is expected to continue. Smaller areas of woodland created now will provide an income for the next generation.

the Forestry Grant Scheme If you decide tree planting is for you, financial assistance is available for both initial planting and maintenance payments. Initial planting grants normally cover the entire cost. Maintenance payments are paid for a period of five years and you will also continue to receive Basic Payment over the land if it had been used previously for agriculture.

You can apply for forestry grants all year round.

However, it is not known how much longer the Scottish Government will continue to accept Forestry Grant Scheme applications, so now is the time to act. However there are still many opportunites to plant without the need for grants (see page 13).

The sooner you plant the sooner you will benefit.

jennifer.jeffrey@galbraithgroup.com 07867 441983

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 3

it has taken three years and a significant financial investment to restore Barnbougle Castle to its former glory.

A secret castle brought back to life

The castle, on Dalmeny Estate just a few miles west of Edinburgh and forming part of the wider Rosebery Estates, was originally built in the 13th century and occupied from 1662 by successive generations of the Primrose family, the Earls of Rosebery.

2019 marks 90 years since the death of the 5th Earl, who was the last to use the castle, and it will be the first time in its history that private events have been held there.

James Bowie, part of the Galbraith rural team and assistant factor at Rosebery Estates, reports on the restoration of Barnbougle Castle on the Firth of Forth.

Galbraith has provided Rosebery Estates with management consultancy services for many years and also provides commercial and building surveying advice, as well as consultancy for specific projects.

Lord Rosebery and his family committed to restoring and renovating the castle and have spent the last three years upgrading and refitting the building to the highest standard and ensuring it is fully compliant for events.

The Galbraith building surveying team were appointed as project managers, with the brief being to ensure the building was modernised and converted for event use, whilst preserving its period features.

A phase of exterior repairs was completed first, including repointing the stonework, overhauling the windows and repairing the roof and gutters which had begun letting water into the building.

The castle’s situation on the shoreline of the Firth of Forth means it is in a very exposed location, so it was essential to arrest the defects and reduce the real risk of further decay.

The interior phase of work began in 2018, including the installation of a lift to improve access for those with disabilities, a commercial kitchen to cater for events, and forming new toilets. As well as alterations, conservation work included some more unusual and delicate tasks such as the restoration of the beautiful (and very fragile) original gilded Spanish leather wallcovering in the Banqueting Hall. This has a delicate shimmer, like gold leaf and its conservation was a painstaking process.

The building also needed full rewiring, replumbing and a new heating system, having been unheated for many years. Importantly, a sprinkler system and automatic emergency door closers were installed to preserve the building and historic contents in the case of fire – so carefully and sensitively installed that you would struggle to notice they are there. The whole building was rewired, while keeping all of the original light fittings – even the lightbulbs, although modern LED and on dimmers, look Victorian and give a warm glow.

Jonathan Burrow, the factor for Rosebery Estates, said: “The relationship with Galbraith goes back several years when they were appointed by the Estate to assist the management team. Since then, they have become integral to the team helping to steer significant projects, most notable being the renovation of Barnbougle Castle. We took the decision to renovate Barnbougle and reopen it as an exclusive hire venue in 2019 after a period of 90 years as it's one of the finest buildings on the Dalmeny Estate, and one of Scotland’s most outstanding heritage venues.

Main picture: The castle’s stunning location on the Firth of Forth.

Above: The newlyrestored banqueting hall.

Right: Great attention has been paid to the details of the interior.

“Galbraith was the obvious choice for the role, they have fielded a range of professionals to Page 4 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

execute what has transpired to be a somewhat complex project. Building, ground work and planning challenges arose along the way due to the castle’s historical significance with the property dating back to the 13th century.

“The infrastructure has been sympathetically modernised with original artefacts and features preserved. Barnbougle is an outstanding heritage property, the end result is much admired and testament to the team’s expertise. We’re thrilled it’s open once again and now being enjoyed by many.”

Lady Jane Kaplan, daughter of Lord Rosebery, has overseen the restoration in minute detail -

THE ILLUSTRIOUS HISTORY OF BARNBOUGLE THE Primrose family, the Earls of Rosebery, lived in Barnbougle Castle from 1662 to 1817.

In 1817 the family moved to a new home on the estate, Dalmeny House, which is further inland and therefore slightly better protected from the full force of Scottish weather.

Barnbougle Castle stood empty until in 1881 the 5th Earl, Archibald Primrose, restored it and kept it as his private retreat.

It is said that he loved the peace and seclusion, living there with his collection of 10,000 books after his wife died at the tender age of 39.

down to dusting the wooden barrel-vaulted ceiling of the Banqueting Hall herself! She said: "Galbraith were a great help on the project as they shared our vision of change everything but change nothing – the castle looks as if my greatgrandfather has just stepped out.”

From May 2019, the castle will be the most extraordinary, magical venue for corporate events and weddings.

The 5th Earl was Prime Minister from 1894 to 1895 and also served as Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Lords. He was celebrated as a wonderful orator, writer and historian.

Archibald Primrose is also known for his marriage to Hannah de Rothschild, and the history of their relationship is part of the romance and interest of Barnbougle.

The quirky features all add to its appeal – from the statue of Pan at the foot of the staircase, to the cloakrooms cleverly hidden behind a wall of faux books to give the impression of another library, to the original bathroom used by the 5th Earl, with its vast stone bath; Barnbougle is like no other castle.

For corporate events there is parking for up to 100 cars, private access to the extensive beach and space for a marquee for 450. Guests could arrive by car, by boat, or by helicopter and, despite the tranquillity, it is only 15 minutes from Edinburgh Airport.

For weddings, Barnbougle would make the most beautiful and romantic setting. The views from the waterside terrace encompass Cramond Island to the east, and the Firth of Forth to the west and, on a clear day, across the water to Fife. To the south of Barnbougle lie the 2,000 acres of unspoiled parkland of Dalmeny Park.

For further information, please email events@roseberyestates.co.uk or visit www.roseberyvenues.co.uk

james.bowie@galbraithgroup.com 01786 434 605

The famous painting of Hannah de Rothschild by Frederic Leighton, above, hangs in the parlour – one of the rooms available to those hiring the castle for exclusive events.

The 5th Earl died in 1929 and on his death the castle was closed up and left exactly as it had been during his lifetime.

Today it is being used for the first time in almost a century and is open to the public for the first time ever.

Barnbougle is a building which is imbued with the spirit of Lord Rosebery.

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 5

A woman’s work...

As the focus on women in agriculture grows across Scotland, we highlight two of our land agents who are heavily involved in the industry – both within their roles at Galbraith and in their home life.

Jennifer Jeffrey and Isla King both passed their Assessment of Professional Competence (APC) in November 2018 following two years of training with Galbraith. Both graduated from SRUC in 2016 with

honours degrees in rural business management.

Isla is based in our Aberdeen office and is involved in sales and valuation work along with rural consultancy and property management.

Jennifer works from our Edinburgh and Galashiels offices and is involved in a wide range of valuation and professional consultancy across the Scottish Borders and Lothians as well as assisting with estate management.

Jennifer Jeffrey i GReW up in Peeblesshire and have always loved farming – it’s been part of my life for as long as i can remember.

My parents and grandparents on both sides were all involved in farming. My maternal grandmother developed her own successful egg business as well as being married to a farmer, assisting him and having children to look after. My grandfather on my dad’s side was an agricultural worker on a farm near Kelso where he was awarded a long service medal by the RHASS for nearly 40 years’ service.

Today, working as a land agent, I love my job because I get to visit farms and estates of all types and all sizes across the Lothians and Scottish Borders. There is always a part of each business that is different from the way I would run things or something which I benefit from seeing – it's fantastic experience and I never tire of visiting farms and talking to farmers. There’s not a day goes by when I don’t pick up interesting ideas and views from farmers who each have their own take on things. As a woman, arriving on a farm to carry out a valuation or a meeting, has never been a problem. It has become more commonplace to see women in these kinds of roles. If you prove that you can do a good job and you know what you’re talking about, nobody cares if you’re male or female. It’s not an issue.

My parents still farm in Peeblesshire and I spend a good deal of time helping them, particularly my mum who has a flock of about 300 sheep and occasionally has cattle. My dad has his own business as an agricultural engineer, hiring out and selling agricultural machinery.

I help with the sheep at weekends and in the early morning before work if there are sheep going to market. At lambing time I take a few weeks off work to help out. 2018 was difficult for sheep farmers – our worst night of the year was when the Beast from the East part two arrived suddenly and we had to bring all the ewes inside before the snow got too deep! It was a bit of a squeeze but a lot of lambs were born that night.

All survived, so we were very pleased – not all farmers were so lucky.

“

Going into the ring is something that my mum has always done and I always do as well – we’re proud of our stock!

I’ve also got a trailer licence so I can take animals on my own to the market in Lanark or Longtown if necessary and I would always go into the ring with my sheep. There aren’t usually many women at market but I’m used to it. Going into the ring is something that my mum has always done and I always do as well – we’re proud of our stock!

We have made a few changes on the family farm Page 6 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

based on the things I learnt while at SRUC – we have had a completely closed flock for a few years, keeping our own ewe lambs for breeding.

We are also more rigorous in terms of culling ewes if they have had a problem lambing or have foot problems. These changes enable us to have more control and mean less time needs to be spent sorting problems.

My partner is a potato farmer in Angus and he also studied at SRUC. He has benefited from his studies to enable him to change things around, such as crop production techniques and creating efficiencies. There’s a definite benefit from learning everything you can about a business.

I am very optimistic for the future of farming and other rural industries. There are lots of opportunities for farmers just now. Being adaptable is the key to success. Difficulties will arise when farming businesses fail to adjust, whether that be changing their farming systems or diversifying. That’s why I believe learning new things from colleagues and others in the agricultural industry is essential. But there are good opportunities for the future if you make the most of your best assets.

jennifer.jeffrey@galbraithgroup.com

07867 441983

Isla King (far right) at the Galbraith Stirling Bull Sales.

isla King i thinK the idea of women in agriculture being unusual is dying out.

Whenever I have been met by surprise while visiting a farm to conduct a valuation I have always left with a positive feeling. I definitely haven’t experienced any discrimination.

When I graduated from SRUC, there were eight of us who were very good friends – four male, four female and there was an equal split between those who became land agents and those who became farmers. I suppose a decade or so ago, our choices would have split along gender lines with fewer females farming full time.

My family still farms in Duns in the Scottish Borders – they have an 820-acre arable farm finishing 3,100 bullocks annually.

I spent a lot of my time while at university helping with the livestock and driving machinery, which was vital experience for understanding the industry, what works and what doesn’t. I am aware of the processes involved for meat entering the food chain and the high security standards we have in Scotland.

Moving to Aberdeen to complete my APC meant I had to familiarise myself with a new county. I find it interesting to

“

The farmers I meet are very happy to engage with women or men. In my eyes gender doesn’t play a role in establishing a good relationship with clients. see how factors such as climate, infrastructure and routes to market impact and challenge farming and agricultural businesses differently in different regions.

In 2018 we sold a good number of farms and farmland, it was a very busy summer for Galbraith Aberdeen. The hot weather made many people fearful of poor yields but in the end it wasn’t as bad as many people had expected and a good number of farms of all types came on the Aberdeenshire market.

Demand in the county has been driven by local buyers looking to extend their existing landholdings but there was a good amount of interest from all over the UK. I anticipate the continuing mood of uncertainty there will mean a reduction in the land available on the open market this year.

The farmers I meet are very happy to engage with women or men. In my eyes gender doesn’t play a role in establishing a good relationship with clients – experience is much more important.

Galbraith is a known and trusted firm in the rural sector.

I had the opportunity to continue on my family farm but I wanted to become a land agent because I relished the opportunity to learn more about different types of agricultural businesses.

My other half, a farmer from Stirling, has taken on a 500-acre contract farming opportunity in Perthshire – he has 325 cross-bred ewes and 370 Blackies. I help him at the weekends and I help a lot during busy times like lambing.

It is difficult for new and young entrants to get a start, especially when they need to move away from an existing business. I see how hard James works and I know if I wasn’t able to help him at challenging times this would only increase his financial and emotional pressures. My practical weekends mean I am able to stay completely connected with farming and I am grateful I have the opportunity as I feel I have the best of both worlds. isla.king@galbraithgroup.com

01224 860710

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 7

DPS, MiR, EiP: know your way round LDPs Jay Skinner explains why Local Development Plans are important for Scottish landowners. the preparation of Local Development Plans (LDPs) is a detailed process which has huge significance in Scotland for landowners and developers alike.

The allocation of land in an LDP establishes the physical land use ‘principle’ of development (whether that be for housing, business/industrial, retail or another use) and affords the site in question a de facto planning permission in principle. This generally significantly increases its value and provides a degree of certainty when marketing it to prospective developers.

Each Local Planning Authority (LPA) produces an LDP for its administrative area. Highland Council, given its geographical extent, is an exception in that it prepares a number of LDPs. In addition, Strategic Development Plans are prepared for the city regions of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Given the collaborative nature of the LDP preparation cycle, being well informed on the process and the opportunities for involvement is key. As matters currently stand, LDPs are prepared every five years. These are the key stages in their preparation:

DEvELoPMEnT PLAn SCHEME

s

EvIDEnCE GATHERInG & CALL FoR SITES

s

MAIn ISSuES REPoRT

s

PRoPoSED PLAn PuBLICATIon

s

ExAMInATIon

s

ADoPTIon

Development Plan Scheme (DPS) At the start of the process, the LPA publishes its DPS. This outlines the timetable for the preparation of the new LDP and the opportunities to be involved in the process. The DPS is updated periodically during the LDP preparation cycle.

and developers to propose sites for inclusion in the new LDP.

Main issues Report (MiR) As its name suggests, the MIR outlines the key issues that the LDP needs to address and is based on the preceding evidence gathering process e.g. the number and location of new housing units for the area. The MIR also sets out the LPA’s preferred options for development as well as some reasonable alternatives. The MIR is published for feedback and the consultation period usually runs for six to 12 weeks.

Proposed Plan Publication Having considered the representations made to the MIR, the LPA publishes its Proposed Plan. At this stage, there is a further period of public consultation (at least six weeks). This is the last opportunity in the LDP preparation cycle when submissions can be made to the LPA.

examination in Public (eiP) If there are any unresolved objections, the Proposed Plan will be subject to an EiP. These are overseen by reporters from the Directorate of Planning & Environmental Appeals (DPEA), appointed by Scottish Ministers, to decide how best to deal with any outstanding objections.

Adoption Once the EiP is complete, and the Reporter has made their recommendations to the LPA, the LDP is formally adopted, provided it is consistent with national planning policy.

As noted above, the key points at which representations can be made to a LPA are at the Call for Sites, Main Issues Report and Proposed Plan stages. Representations can be made to: support the retention of, or seek amendments to, an existing site allocation; propose a new allocation on a site-specific basis; seek an extension to an existing village or town; or, request an amendment to a planning policy e.g. to limit developer contributions to help project viability.

Reforms to the preparation of LDPs, with plans proposed to be in place for 10 years rather than the current five, are being brought forward as part of the Planning (Scotland) Bill. The Bill is presently at Stage 3 of the legislative process and further amendments are expected before it becomes statute. The proposed longer timeframe for LDPs is important for landowners and developers to bear in mind when seeking site allocations in the future as there would be less frequent opportunities to try to influence the content of LDPs in their favour.

The planning team at Galbraith is experienced in the LDP preparation cycle and is on hand to assist clients in the promotion of their land interests through this process.

evidence Gathering & Call for Sites The LPA then gathers background information to inform the Main Issues Report (MIR). While not a statutory requirement, many LPAs hold a Call for Sites exercise at this stage and invite landowners

jay.skinner@galbraithgroup.com 0131 240 6978

Page 8 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

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The problems of the marine phase of the Atlantic salmon’s life cycle seem much more difficult to identify and then fix.

The trouble with salmon A few spring salmon have been caught on the River Tyne, and Hugo Remnant’s thoughts naturally turn to prospects for the forthcoming season.

FiSheRMen are eternal optimists. After a good day or week on a much-loved beat, prospects don’t look so bad.

But we cannot disguise the fact that the good days come round less often; there are fewer salmon in the North Atlantic than just a few years ago, and apparently fewer salmon returning to our rivers. The situation is not good in England and Wales. In the Environment Agency’s (EA) 2018 review of salmon byelaws (‘Managing salmon fisheries in England and Border Esk’), most rivers were regarded as being “at risk” or “probably at risk”.

Despite this background, some rivers have maintained a remarkable consistency. On the Tyne, barely a stone’s throw from our Hexham office, crowds gather on Hexham bridge every autumn to watch the leaping salmon. It is among the best places in the UK to do so.

This spectacle is testament to the strength of the run of fish. In the past 15 years, between 30,000 and 40,000 salmon and sea-trout have been recorded every year through the fish counter at Riding Mill. The average for the last five years is 35,000 fish; in 2018, 34,098 fish were recorded.

Given that numbers of returning sea-trout appear to be down, there may even be a few more salmon. We might take encouragement from the fact that netting pressure off the North-East coast continues to be reduced.

At Tyne Rivers Trust, with whom I have been involved for more than 10 years, there is a view that with sufficient money and political will, there is almost no problem in the river that cannot be fixed. TRT has the determination and skills to do so, but it will need a wider, concerted effort from everybody – riparian owners, fishermen, businesses and communities – to make the difference and improve the river from its current “probably not at risk” EA status.

There is much focus now on the sea.

Considerable efforts are being made by the Atlantic Salmon Trust and other conservation bodies to find out why good numbers of juvenile salmon going out to sea do not return in better numbers of adult fish returning to their native rivers a year or two later.

In contrast to the freshwater phase, the problems of the marine phase of the Atlantic salmon’s life cycle seem much more difficult to identify and then fix, perhaps because this requires a better appreciation of climate change, international co-operation and enforcement in the high seas.

hugo.remnant@galbraithgroup.com 01434 405972

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 9

BeeS have been around longer than human beings and yet their future has never been more critical owing to the fact that their ability to pollinate plants is fundamental to our survival.

Show me the

Generally speaking, bees are responsible for pollinating 70% of our food, so they are one of the most important species that must be conserved.

Robert Taylor explains the fascination – and the importance – of beekeeping.

In Scotland there are currently about 1,400 hobby beekeepers who are also members of the Scottish Beekeepers’ Association, with an estimated further 1,000 hobbyists who are not.

In addition, there are around 25 commercial bee farmers who are members of the Bee Farmers’ Association and whose businesses depend on the management of healthy honey bees.

South of the Border more than 29,000 beekeepers managing around 126,000 colonies were registered on the National Bee Unit’s BeeBase database in 2013, compared with 15,000 beekeepers managing just under 80,000 colonies in 2008.

Although honey bees have been ‘domesticated’ for thousands of years they remain wild insects.

They have been bred to be more docile, but they still retain natural instincts such as swarming when a hive becomes over-populated and there is always a desire to create new colonies.

Until the early 1990s, the UK had a very healthy wild bee population outside those contained in hives. Unfortunately with increasing temperatures and the introduction of imported bees to the UK, the native wild bee population was pretty much

wiped out. A large part of this was due to the Varroa mite which is a notifiable pest which originally only occurred in Asia but reached the UK in 1992.

The Varroa mite possibly has the most pronounced economic impact on the beekeeping industry and is considered to be one of multiple stress factors contributing to the higher levels of bee losses around the world. Thankfully colonies can be treated with a variety of products so hands-on management is essential for the welfare of a hive.

Bees are an incredible species. They live socially in colonies and are adapted for feeding on nectar and pollen with the former primarily as an energy source and the latter for protein and other nutrients. Most of their pollen is used as food for the larvae.

Beekeeping or apiculture has been practised for millennia, since at least the times of Ancient Egypt and Greece. Depictions of humans collecting honey from bees date to 15,000 years ago and efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art from 4,500 years ago. Jars of honey have even been found in the tombs of pharaohs, showing how important it was to people of that time.

Apart from honey and pollination, honey bees produce beeswax, royal jelly and propolis. They Page 10 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

“

With increasing temperatures and the introduction of imported bees to the UK, the native wild bee population was pretty much wiped out.

honey!

have appeared in mythology and folklore, through all phases of art and literature, from ancient times to the present day, though primarily focused in the northern hemisphere where beekeeping is far more common.

The life cycle of a hive of bees is utterly fascinating. A queen is required to lay eggs and create the colony and when a virgin queen takes her initial flight out of the hive she is inseminated by a drone – a male bee who dies during the process – and the queen returns to the hive never to leave again. She will remain in the hive for one or two years laying eggs and that is her sole job.

In the early part of the season all of the bees within the hive are female. They have a variety of roles such as worker bees, who gather pollen and nectar, guard bees to nursery bees. The sex of a bee is determined whether or not the egg is fertilised. After mating, a female stores sperm and determines which sex is required at the time each individual egg is laid so therefore it is up to the queen bee as to how many males are in the colony.

The number of colonies kept by beekeepers has declined but there is now more interest in amateur beekeeping. Urbanisation, systemic pesticides and Varroa mites have reduced bees substantially over the last 50 years. In 2018 the EU decided to ban field use of all three major neonicotinoids. However, they remain permitted

in veterinary, greenhouse and transport use.

Farmers have focused on alternative solutions to mitigate problems.

Honey has recognised health benefits and there is evidence that honey heals burns four to five days faster than conventional dressings and there is moderate evidence suggesting that honey heals post-operative infections faster and with fewer adverse events than antiseptic and gauze.

The only negative aspect associated with bees is of course their sting. Some people are allergic to stings of any kind and this can induce anaphylactic shock. Bees only sting when they are protecting their colony and stores and in normal circumstances you can stand fairly close to a beehive without getting stung so long as you are not interfering with their day-to-day activity.

Unlike wasps, the poor honey bee dies after it stings and therefore doesn’t do it out of spite. I have been stung many times and never get used to it but the joy and pleasure of keeping bees far outweighs the pain of a sting.

Knowing that you are helping the environment and pollination of gardens and crops makes it all worthwhile.

The honey is a bonus!

robert.taylor@galbraithgroup.com

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 11

Back to the wild: a tale of two sporting estates

Rewilding is growing in popularity, but sporting estates are not necessarily the enemy, says Philippa Cliff. i hAve recently been the grateful recipient of a beautiful hardback book called Scotland – A Rewilding Journey.

It is among a number of publications and presentations promoting the rewilding philosophy, which is gaining momentum as a credible and popular land-use strategy.

Rewilding can take different forms, but the principal aim is to allow nature to take its course, allowing native wildlife habitats to restore themselves and a richer biodiversity tapestry to unfold with all of the benefits that brings.

These sorts of ecological processes tend to be slow. Restoration is generally faster, but it still takes time. To truly achieve rewilding you have to have a long-term vision and most people accept that scale and resource are key. Having said this, small pockets of rewilding or conservation “oases” can provide lifeboats for vulnerable species.

I in no way hold myself up as a rewilding expert, but I have enjoyed learning more about the subject from Scotland – A Rewilding Journey. If I had one point of contention it would be the suggestion that in some way sporting estates are the villain in the rewilding story.

Granted, when reading the book’s “vermin” list, I was aghast that precious and now protected species were culled in significant numbers in the days of Victorian hunting estates. But my

experience of the modern sporting estate is vastly different. To illustrate the point, here are two estates that I am proud to work with.

The first is Dorback Estate, nestled in the heart of Speyside. It is a mixed sporting estate offering driven grouse shooting, a terrific low-ground shoot and red and roe deer stalking. On the face of it, a traditional sporting estate, but scratch beneath the surface and you will find owners who are both passionate sportsmen and passionate conservationists.

Since taking ownership 18 years ago, more than 145 acres of woodland have been planted and 6.7km of hedgerows have been created. In addition, sheep were removed from the hillside allowing significant natural regeneration to occur.

We are also currently planning an ambitious new native woodland planting project of about 500 acres with work commencing later this year.

The evidence of positive change is undeniable, and the ever-increasing abundance of wildlife, including black grouse, capercaillie and many, many more species is easy to see.

The second example is Coulin Estate in Wester Ross. Traditionally a stalking estate, the current owners (since 1995) have taken their environmental stewardship of the estate seriously. The Loch Clair pinewood, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which was in unfavourable condition, is undergoing restoration through a mixture of fencing to prevent deer browsing and replanting to provide a seed source.

The non-native plantations from the 1970s have been felled and restructured

Page 12 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

with native species to encourage a richer biodiversity and a more natural aesthetic.

The estate is taking part in a red squirrel reintroduction programme and has breeding pairs on the estate.

What is particularly appealing to me about Coulin is that it is now largely in the hands of a younger generation who want to see the estate flourish as an environmentally sensitive yet economically sustainable enterprise. To this end millions of pounds have been invested in creating three hydro-electric schemes on site to enable the estate to continue to be enviornmentally friendly while securing the estate’s financial future for the next generation.

Ultimately, land-use strategy is an individual choice and there is no right answer. Personally, I feel it is the responsibility of all landowners to leave the land in a better state than it was received in, so taking an interest in the environment and our fragile natural world is essential. That said, I don’t think this aim is mutually exclusive to more traditional estate pursuits and it saddens me when all sporting landowners are effectively tarred with the same brush.

To genuinely engage with the audience that has the most potential to add to Scotland’s rewilding and conservation journey – private landowners – a shift away from a blame culture may prove invaluable.

Maybe then, progress on an even larger scale will be achievable.

philippa.cliff@galbraithgroup.com 01463 245361

Why forestry grants are not always the right answer Government grants are an important driver for forestry, but they may come at a cost, says Denis Torley.

FoR a long time, the public benefits of forestry have been recognized and supported by the provision of grant funding from the government.

The current incarnation is called the Forestry Grant Scheme, which provides generous support for new planting and more limited support for other forest management activities.

However, grant funding is only provided where an operation meets the objectives set by the Forestry Commission, which do not always marry up with the owner’s objectives. Sometimes it is worth stepping back and considering whether grant funding is the best way forward.

Restocking grants

on the Dorback Estate in Speyside, more |than 145 acres of woodland have been planted and 6.7km of hedgerows have been created in the past 18 years.

A growing number of clients have been opting not to take the current restocking grant, known formally as Restructuring Regeneration. Mostly this is because the payable rates are very low – £300 or £550 per hectare depending on the diversity of species planted.

The application process is also notoriously the most complex and confusing in the current grant scheme so the management cost of applying is relatively high. For small sites, the cost of applying can exceed the likely grant income. Also, to qualify for the grant the density of the proposed planting often has to be increased, which adds operational costs and can reduce or eliminate the value of the grant.

The principle of paying grants for restocking has also become increasingly controversial. The UK is the only place in Europe where restocking receives funding. Critics point out that owners are legally obliged to carry out restocking anyway and they have received the harvesting income which should be used to cover the restocking costs. The Forestry Commission justifies the grant on the basis that it is funding the conversion of old-school plantations into modern diverse woodlands. However as the principle of diversifying woodland composition is enshrined in the UK Forest Standard there is an argument that this improvement would be taking place anyway.

The current system favours large-scale clear-fells, which are likely to have received significant timber income anyway. Smaller clear-fells are more likely to be marginal in terms of whether the harvesting income would cover the cost of restocking. It seems sensible in future to try to create a grant system that improves the economics of small and inaccessible sites in order to encourage their management. In the meantime, there are advantages to owners of smaller sites to proceed without the grant.

Restocking plans are produced before an area is felled, sometimes up to 10 years in advance. It is clearly difficult to produce a fine grain restructuring plan when the trees are still standing, so it is often necessary to refine the

plan once the harvesting is complete. If a site is left fallow for five years this can bring additional complications, such as areas of natural regeneration. These changes often require amendments to the long-term forest plan which can delay a grant application as any such amendment needs to be approved first.

The grant scheme also imposes a complex set of restrictions on the percentages of species and open ground that it will fund. Often this means small areas have to be left out of the grant area or that changes to the design plan have to be made to better fit the grant requirements. When working outside the grant, the restock design can be based entirely on the owner’s objectives and the silvicultural potential of the ground.

Strangely, the grant system often works against the principle of “right tree in the right place” as it is focused exclusively on meeting a standardized woodland composition rather than reflecting the potential of individual sites.

new planting Although new panting is well supported through the grant scheme, for small areas there are again advantages to working outside the system. New planting areas up to 20 hectares can be planted without an Environmental Impact Assessment determination so long as none of it is in a sensitive designated area. A formal grant application is a very involved process, even for a small site, so there is potential to reap significant time and cost savings by not going through the system.

In addition, small areas of new woodland are often proposed by clients with a very specific objective and a clear vision of how they want the woodland to look. For example, amenity woodland around houses or shelterbelts on a farm may be small in size but their shape and species composition are very important to their visual impact. Owners often want to include a wide mix of species and combinations which do not fit neatly into the standard woodland types supported by the grants. A careful calculation is therefore needed to establish whether the potential income of the grant is sufficient to justify changing the design.

Galbraith has recently carried out a small area of planting (less than two hectares) without grant funding. The owners had a clear vision of the woodland that they wanted to create. This meant larger than usual spacing between the trees so that it was more like an orchard than a closed forest. The owners were also keen to include a number of rarer species, particularly flowering species, on the visible edges. The limit to the number of shrub species that can be planted in a grant-funded scheme would have made this impossible. The owners in this case decided that it was more important to them to have the woodland they wanted rather than conform to the grant standards.

denis.torley@galbraithgroup.com 01463 245375

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 13

The road to proper compensation A9 and A96 property owners should act early to mitigate the impact of compulsory purchase orders and protect their rights, says Mike Reid.

tRAnSPoRt Scotland’s infrastructure programmes to dual both the A9 between Perth and inverness, and the A96 between Aberdeen and inverness continue to progress.

These ambitious road-widening schemes will bring many benefits for road users, communities and businesses but they will also cause major disruption and long-term problems for those in their path.

The A9 dualling project is due to be completed in 2025 but, to date, only one of the 11 sections – Kincraig to Dalraddy – has been completed, and only one – Luncarty to Pass of Birnam – is in construction. The other nine sections are in preparation and draft CPOs have been published for a number of these routes.

Dualling of the A96 is at an earlier stage of development with a preferred route due to be announced later this year.

A significant number of landowners, farmers, rural businesses, householders and tenants will be affected as Transport Scotland will eventually have to secure the land needed to build these schemes.

Land and business owners along the route can expect to be approached

by Transport Scotland to consult with them about the preferred option for the route as well as to facilitate access for studies and ground investigations, including trial pits and boreholes which will cause losses.

It may be tempting to ignore what you can't see, but prompt and thorough consideration of plans at an early stage is imperative for anyone with property that may be affected. This applies not just to those near the road itself, but also to those potentially affected by engineering support works or access routes, which may be a considerable distance from the actual dual carriageway.

Landowners and tenants can obtain advice on crop loss and access arrangements as a result of these Investigations at Transport

Scotland’s expense. Anyone with land or rights affected by any road scheme should consider the possible impacts of the work at an early stage to ensure their views and concerns can be fully taken into account. This should help to mitigate the impact of the eventual scheme and ensure any loss is properly compensated.

Property owners and occupiers have a legal obligation to mitigate any losses in the event of a CPO, but that doesn't mean you can't take a proactive approach to protecting your long-term property rights and values. Engaging at an early stage allows those affected to ascertain from the outset what issues may lie ahead if a preferred route does cross their land. No two issues will be the same, so sound advice is key to plan for the long-

“

There may also be opportunities as a result of any new road scheme.

term viability of your business or enjoyment of your property.

There may also be opportunities as a result of any new road scheme, such as land that may have the potential for development, minerals that could be extracted for use in the construction works, or site compounds for contractors.

Anyone who has land or an interest in land (tenancy or access rights, etc) acquired compulsorily as part of the scheme has a right to claim compensation. This will vary depending on the land acquired and other losses incurred by the scheme. Properties subject to a CPO can potentially claim up to 90% of the agreed loss as soon as the acquiring authority takes ownership.

As a firm we have a proven track record offering advice to property owners affected by similar schemes such as the Forth Replacement Crossing and the Aberdeen Western Peripheral route. We are also acting for many owners and occupiers affected by the A9 and A96 road schemes.

mike.reid@galbraithgroup.com 01334 659 984

Page 14 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

SCotLAnD enjoys an embarrassment of riches. it is renowned worldwide for its warring clans, spectacular landscapes and colourful characters.

So how can we translate this broad awareness and appeal around the globe into extraordinary experiences on the ground in Scotland?

The tourism market is estimated to be worth more than £11 billion a year to the economy and is growing particularly strongly at the luxury end of the market.

You only need to look at the success of the North Coast 500 to get a sense of the insatiable demand for new and authentic experiences that touch the imagination.

Many of the great Scottish sporting estates are uniquely placed to capture a portion of that luxury driven demand and they, and we, have been working hard to broaden our collective horizons.

A Scottish holiday is now about more than just the sport, and experience-led holidays are increasingly popular.

Sporting Lets, in one guise or another, has been the cornerstone of the Galbraith leisure offering for decades.

The team has unrivalled understanding of the rhythms of Scottish field-sports and a close relationship with more than

Goodbye Sporting Lets, hello Ossian Experiences Robert Rattray introduces the new luxury leisure offering from Galbraith.

100 Scottish estates. This knowledge will continue to be critical to our day-to-day business.

Demand remains strong for traditional sporting activities. If you want a day’s hind stalking, a week’s fishing, or a sporting lodge then we are still the people to ring.

But we are also moving with the times and have rebranded our leisure offering as Ossian Experiences, offering a wider range of extraordinary experiences across Scotland. We will be bringing together fieldsports and experience-led destinations, as well as boutique sales and acquisitions, all under one roof: stay in a sporting lodge, but take a photographic safari to catch a glimpse of Scotland’s big five; search for the northern lights in the night sky; learn how to cook your own freshly caught lobsters and langoustines; romantic island-hop to remote beaches by seaplane; or gallop through the Great Glen on horseback.

At Ossian we aim to inspire our visitors to blend their imagination with our

unrivalled knowledge of Scotland for the perfect holiday. If you feel that your estate has the potential to create magical experiences that will resonate with clients we’d love to hear from you and work with you to make it happen.

The idea of diversification is nothing new to readers of Rural Matters. One third of high net worth individuals see Scotland as a luxury destination, so with renewables incentives reduced, could this be the major diversification opportunity of our generation? Lodges full of non-sporting clients year round, stalkers guiding photographic wildlife trips, butchery and cooking courses being run in lodges using local produce throughout the year – the possibilities are endless. Ossian’s expert team can advise on new and innovative ways to sustainably grow tourist revenues and other aspects of the business.

robert.rattray@galbraithgroup.com 07899 877720

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 15

Isla King reports from the bull sales in Stirling, with which Galbraith has a longstanding and mutually beneficial association.

With origins in Perth back in 1865, the February, May and october Bull Sales are now held at United Auctions’ headquarters at Stirling’s Agricultural Centre and are exclusively sponsored by Galbraith.

During the sales, bulls are sold by and to farmers who have travelled from all over the country.

United Auctions use their database of buyers to provide a joint service offering bulls to suit both breeding and commercial farms.

A wide variety of cattle are sold across the three shows with Aberdeen Angus, Beef Shorthorns, Limousins, British Blues, Lincoln Reds, and Luing filling the first Sunday and Monday in February. Two weeks later the Sunday to Tuesday has the show and sale of Charolais, Simmentals, and Salers.

Over the years record breaking prices have been achieved at these sales. However, top figures shouldn’t be considered the only focus. The bull sales provide a vital marketing opportunity for pedigree breeders and often contribute a large proportion of their businesses’ annual income.

The price achieved for bulls at these sales may have an impact on longer term business decisions, especially reinvestment in new breeding lines.

A bull market...

Sales data from 2014-2019 show that sellers of Aberdeen Angus, Shorthorn, Limousin, Simmental, Saler or Charolais bulls were consistently reaching prices between £5,000 £6,000.

Charolais cattle consistently produce the highest average price. However, 2019 saw a decrease in the top price for the Charolais breed. David Brown, United Auctions’ sales director said that this year’s trade was dictated by commercial bulls with a limited number of breeding bulls available.

This has been further impacted by the majority of abattoirs enforcing penalised deadweight restrictions of 420kg.

However, breeders have worked with genetics to enhance the breed’s longevity commercially and David said that “the Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) can help and often buyers will consider the calving ease”. EBVs show an animal’s genetic potential, half of which will be passed on to its progeny. Finishers have also tackled the issues of carcass weight by adapting feeding rations, pushing cattle to produce the target weight of carcass at an earlier age.

AVERAGE FEBRUARY SALE PRICE PER BULL 2014-2019

Aberdeen Angus cattle are the country’s dominant native breed and sales data shows they command the most consistent average price.

However, the top price for Anguses at the February sales has seen a variation of £12,000 over the last six years.

Often breeders are looking for a particular style or genetic line which will suit their cows meaning top prices may be influenced by a particular trend. Interestingly, the top sales price for Shorthorns hasn’t dipped below £13,000 in the last six years.

Native breeds have made a come-back, this being due to their ease of calving, quiet nature and suitability to a forage-based diet. Also, many Page 16 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

Charolais £6,550

Aberdeen Angus £5,750 Simmental £5,400

Shorthorn £5,200

Limousin £5,000

Saler £4,700

abattoirs offer a substantial premium for Aberdeen Angus or Shorthorn cross cattle.

Simmentals make up around 25% of bulls sold during the February sales. The consistent demand for Simmentals is driven by farmers looking to breed replacement females for closed herds.

David explained that using Simmental bulls in this way allows farmers to improve herd health and produce progeny with strong maternal instincts.

The February sales data between 2014 and 2019 show a consistent trend between the average and top prices achieved for Limousin bulls with the top prices remaining between £10,000 and £13,000. David Brown explained that UA attracts consistently big bulls suitable for commercial purposes.

Asked about the importance of the pre-sale show, David explained that buyers’ priorities depend on what they need to suit their cows. However, he did say “a prize ticket can make a difference at the auction”.

Over the years a number of herd dispersals have been held at the bull sales and pedigree females are sold on an annual basis. David explained that the majority of breeding females were historically sold on-farm. However, growing biosecurity

awareness and disease control standards have brought an end to this method of sale.

LIMOUSIN PRICE PER BULL 2014-2019

The words Brexit and uncertainty go together like steak and pie, although David said that the current political position didn’t impact on this year’s sales over and above any other factors. He puts this down to the nature of farming, which works in continuous cycles and means breeders must continue to put their cows in calf in order to remain a viable and sustainable business.

Top price Average price £14,000 £12,000 £10,000

David explained that United Auctions appreciate the commitment from Galbraith in exclusively sponsoring the sales annually. These sales provide both our businesses with the opportunity to mix with farmers, customers and staff, strengthening the ongoing relationships for all.

£8,000 £6,000 £4,000 £2,000 £0 2014

“

2015

2016

2017

2018

The sales provide a vital marketing opportunity for pedigree breeders and often contribute a large proportion of their businesses’ annual income.

2019

Galbraith acknowledges the importance of communicating directly with farmers and farming businesses. This enables the firm to remain aware of and be up-to-date with the current direction of travel and general feeling of our clients across the industry in the ever-changing environment in which we work.

isla.king@galbraithgroup.com 01224 860 710

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 17

A private water supply brought up to standard Rachel Russell reports on a recent improvement project in line with new regulations.

i RePoRteD on the introduction of the Water intended for human Consumption (Private Supplies) (Scotland) Regulations 2017 in Rural Matters’ sister magazine Energy Matters (issue 16).

Since then I have had practical experience of the annual testing regime which took place on a

particulate and UV disinfection unit and two smaller treatment systems at property level. The installation involved exposing the route of the existing water supply, ducting this supply and an electricity supply through a new concrete base, before housing the filtration system in a purposebuilt kiosk.

As five of the seven properties were served from the same supply, the decision was made to install the system in a kiosk to serve them.

This was cost-effective and the kiosk system is accessible for annual maintenance without the need to disturb the occupiers. Two smaller systems were fitted where the supply enters the building in the remaining two properties.

The work took about two months from start to finish and came at a considerable cost to the client, who was, however, eligible for a private water supply improvement grant, which amounted to £800 per property served.

Under the instruction of Fife Council, Galbraith, as acting agents for the landlord and at the landlord’s cost, provided bottled water to the tenants for the twomonth installation period.

Above: newly installed water filtration system.

Below: Source of private water supply.

managed estate and resulted in the installation of a filtration system.

The estate’s private water supply is from a natural spring which serves seven residential properties.

Having collected and sent water samples for analysis, which identified the presence of bacteria, we worked closely with the client, Fife Council and contractors to improve the supply.

The estate decided to install a

Joined-up thinking

The result is a safe and manageable water supply with the only maintenance required being the replacement of the UV filters on a six-monthly basis.

Galbraith merged with Land Factor earlier this year. Ian Hope explains the reasons for the deal and the opportunities it will bring.

With annual testing and five-yearly risk assessments, Galbraith will continue to work closely with the client and Fife Council to ensure the supply continues to meet appropriate quality standards.

the merger between Galbraith and Land Factor is part of a pattern of uninterrupted growth over the past 15 years.

We provide a full range of services across the spectrum of residential, commercial and rural property but our rural and forestry divisions have been a key element underpinning our growth.

In England, where similar regulations were introduced in 2016, the experience has largely been positive, with local councils working with private water supply owners to ensure pragmatic timescales are set for any improvements.

The similarities between Galbraith and Land Factor were striking both in terms of the fields in which we operate and our commitment to offering bespoke services to our clients.

Every supply system has its own foibles and idiosyncracies, but an issue common to many is the reduced head of water resulting from additional equipment.

Both firms had a long and established heritage in their respective geographic markets; joining forces enables us to provide enhanced rural services across a wider geographic area and offers opportunities for expansion.

If you own let properties which are served by a private water supply, Galbraith is on hand to liaise with local authorities, tenants and contractors on your behalf.

The merger of the two firms was completed on 1 April and we believe this is a good fit for both.

The reach of the larger firm offers an effective way to provide an improved local service to landowners by people who have a deep-rooted understanding of rural business issues.

rachel.russell@galbraithgroup.com 01334 659989

Page 18 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

Land Factor provided land management services from its offices in Northumberland and Cumbria.

The firm traces its origins back to 2004 and was originally established in Hexham before

See you at the shows!

If you are going to any of the following events pop in to our marquee and meet up with the rural team – professionals from across the firm will be on hand for a chat.

Royal Highland Show: Thursday 20 June to Sunday 23 June.

Game Fair at Scone: Friday 5 to Sunday 7 July.

Great Yorkshire Show: Tuesday 9 to Thursday 11 July – Highland Cattle Society marquee.

And look out for our teams networking at some of the following events. They will be easily identifiable as they will be wearing Galbraith gilets. Stop them for a chat!

Northumberland County Show: Monday 27 May. Belsay Horse Trials, Northumberland: Saturday 1 and Sunday 2 June.

Border Union Show: Friday 19 and Saturday 20 July.

Galbraith Stirling Bull Sales: Sunday 20 to Tuesday 22 October.

For a full list of events, visit www.galbraithgroup.com/events expanding to Penrith and Blagdon. Its particular expertise was in estate management, forestry and land sales, acquisitions and valuations. All of these services will continue as an integrated part of Galbraith and we are delighted to have brought on board the expertise of the new members of staff.

The new structure of the firm provides a solid foundation for expansion of our services in a number of areas, particularly farm and estate sales and valuations, building surveying services and energy and renewables advice for landowners.

Galbraith has for a long time acted for clients in Scotland, the UK and internationally. Our roots stretch back more than a century, stemming from the union between the former CKD Finlayson Hughes and Cluttons’ Scottish offices.

There are many challenges and opportunities in the rural sector with inevitable changes in farm subsidy regimes and ever-increasing regulation and compliance requirements.

There are however opportunities in several areas.

Firstly we would encourage clients to consider the strong performance of the forestry sector, with new planting reaching levels not seen for decades and good timber prices encouraging more active forestry management across all types of woodland asset. In addition, we would expect that the new methodology underpinning subsidies will offer opportunities in several sectors, including renewable energy and environmentally-friendly agriculture.

new partners: From left, back row: Roddy Findlay, Athole McKillop and Peter Combe. Front row: Galbraith head of energy Mike Reid, Tom Warde-Aldam, Galbraith chairman Iain Russell and senior associate Matthew Williamson.

Scenes from summer 2018: The Galbraith marquee at Fife Show, the firm’s tug-of-war team in action at Scone – and Edinburgh rugby players taking on our hula-hoop challenge.

We look forward to continuing to provide an excellent service to our clients for the next 100 years.

ian.hope@galbraithgroup.com 07968 209543

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 19

Learning to look after your septic tank It may not be glamorous, but the septic tank has a vital role, says David Corrie.

UnDeRStAnDinG the significant role septic tank systems play is a important for any rural homeowner.

clear or toilets backing up? This can indicate blocked pipes, an overfull tank or a blocked soakaway.

It is equally important for professionals like ourselves to have a good grounding of such systems, especially when it comes to providing advice during the sale of a property.

As part of the conveyancing process, you are required to give the purchaser details such as the location and type of the septic tank system.

Tank: Maintain an accessible, well fitting cover.

This is essential for your safety. There should be no smell from the tank.

In Scotland, you must register your septic tank with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency before January 1, 2020. In England, under the Environment Agency’s ‘General Binding Rules’ which came into force in 2015, if your septic tank discharges directly into a watercourse you must replace or upgrade it to a full sewage treatment plant before January 1, 2020 or when you sell your property, whichever is earlier.

Mickey Ball of WC in Fields, specialists in domestic and commercial septic tank cleaning services in south-west Scotland and Cumbria, answers some of the questions people ask about septic tanks.

Where is a septic tank located on my property?

If your property is not served by the public sewerage system, then your sewage and waste water are probably treated by a septic tank. Your tank will normally be downhill from your property. Look for a metal or concrete lid – this may be overgrown or have become covered with soil. If this fails, your title deeds or local knowledge may help. It is also important to note that your tank may not be on your land and may be shared with neighbouring properties.

How does a septic tank work?

Waste water from toilets, sinks, showers and household appliances drains to your septic tank. Sewage solids are retained by the tank.

Your septic tank is a living ecosystem where beneficial bacteria digest sewage, which is why it is so important not to kill the bacteria in your tank. The resulting sludge must be removed regularly by a SEPA licensed contractor. Liquid effluent flows out of the tank. The effluent usually drains into the ground via a soakaway where it is cleansed and filtered by the soil.

Why should you look after your septic tank?

You have a legal responsibility to maintain your septic system and ensure it is kept in good working order. A neglected septic tank is a serious health risk, so you will be protecting your family’s health. An ignored septic tank can also cause harm to the environment. If the system fails it will be expensive to repair.

What checks should be make?

Household drainage: Are any drains slow to

Soakaway: If the soakaway is swampy, smelly or has prolific grass growth it has become clogged. To avoid this keep a check on the system and have the tank emptied regularly.

Discharge: Check the inspection chamber and the end of the discharge pipe. A pale liquid with little or no smell is normal. If the discharge is dark, smelly or contains solids then there is a problem.

Vegetation: Deep rooting trees and shrubs can damage your system. Keep them at least 30 metres from the tank, soakaway and drains. Keep nearby vegetation mown short.

How often should the tank be emptied?

If your septic tank has not been emptied in the last year you should carry out the recommended checks immediately. A build-up of sludge is the most common cause of problems. If in any doubt, have your tank emptied. If you delay emptying your tank you risk ruining your soakaway and polluting the environment.

How can you reduce the need to have the tank emptied?

All tanks need to be emptied. How often depends on the number of users, the size of tank and how well you care for the system.

Any key dos and don’ts?

Do...

• Find your septic tank, soakaway and discharge point.

• Check all parts of your septic system regularly.

• Have your tank emptied regularly.

• Protect your soakaway: sow grass over it if possible.

• Only use household products that do not contain chlorine bleach, which kills all bacteria.

• Avoid putting fat down the kitchen sink – wipe oily pans with kitchen towel before washing.

Don’ts...

• Flush anything other than bodily waste and toilet paper down the toilet.

• Put paints, solvents or chemicals down the drains.

• Use caustic soda or drain cleaners to clear blockages, try rodding or hot water.

• Connect rainwater drainage pipes into your septic tank.

david.corrie@galbraithgroup.com 01556 505 346

Page 20 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

How the other half lives...

Former Land Factor land agent Mark Smith enjoys a post-merger venture north of the Border.

it WoULD appear i am joined at the hip, not only to my fiancé but also to my newly adopted Scottish colleagues.

Galbraith has merged with Land Factor, didn’t you know? And since first meeting them a few weeks ago we have been working closely in a number of areas.

Having played Colts rugby against all the borders teams for my native Tynedale RFC, I have experience of adventures north being somewhat treacherous. That said, I didn’t think twice when I was invited to attend the Galbraith land agents’ day at Glamis Castle.

As an estate manager you learn very quickly that it is the people that make a place, and when faced with the opportunity to meet those that have underpinned the growth of Galbraith into

Scotland’s premier property consultancy, it was an exciting opportunity I couldn’t resist. Just think of the wealth of knowledge I had the opportunity to tap into!

Of course my heart immediately stopped when I walked into the Glamis Castle dining room with 50-plus land agents looking back at me. I could take on several players at once while playing sevens in my late-teen prime but doing the same in a professional capacity a decade later gave me my fair share of doubt. However a bacon sandwich and a talk about lime mortar soon brought me back to life and I quickly found myself sharing a geeky surveyors’ rapport with those around me.

“Same but different” seemed to be the recurring theme.

The challenges faced by woodland owners and landlord/tenant relationships were both covered by the resident Galbraith specialists, but for me, the most interesting ‘take-away’ was not my service station crisps, it was that the challenges faced by the rural industry are the same no matter which side of the Border you choose to push your head into the mud. And although the solutions may differ, shared knowledge and experience are where the opportunities lie.

mark.smith@galbraithgroup.com 01434 405969

galbraithgroup.com | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | Page 21

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF...

Alice Wilson, a rural surveyor based in our Ayr office.

She is involved in a wide range of professional consultancy work across south-west Scotland.

and donning my wellies

“

My favourite part of “ the job is wrapping up i GReW up on a dairy farm in South Ayrshire but my studies took me over the border to Cirencester where i gained a Masters in Rural estate Management.

My favourite part of the job is wrapping up and donning my wellies – and often my waterproofs too – ready to carry out a valuation inspection of a farm, having enjoyed getting to know the farmer over the kitchen table, usually with a cup of tea and a biscuit or two!

Days behind the desk allow you to catch up with the necessary admin and you are definitely thankful for this when the typical Scottish weather prevails.

I have had a few false starts with cancelled ferries or flights when visiting the isles. A memorable moment was taking a flight to Tiree in dire windy weather, with the threat of not being able to get back that evening. I was certainly glad to touch down both on the Isle and back on the mainland. You don’t get to experience that every day.

Days spent closer to home are welcomed as I usually know the client I’m meeting or I am able to forge a link with them through common ground. That’s a nice part of the job.

I often get asked what I do on a day-to-day basis and my response is: I value and sell farms as well as undertaking professional work, but that’s just the tip of the iceberg. I could be valuing a poultry unit for the bank one day and the next I may be getting keyboard angry with a utility company over damage caused to land through no fault of my client’s.

I then spent three years in Yorkshire qualifying as a rural surveyor. In May 2017 an opportunity arose to return to my roots and join Galbraith.

A typical day in the office revolves around email correspondence and report writing, whether that’s for valuation purposes, sales particulars or preparing a compensation claim.

the coast to the Rhins of Galloway to carry out an inspection, on another I could be lifting my passport, grabbing an early morning coffee and boarding a plane to carry out a valuation on the Inner Hebrides.

One of my biggest personal achievements was sitting and passing the two-day exam to become a Fellow of the Association of Agricultural Valuers – an accolade only a small handful in the company hold.

Main picture: Alice on a farm valuation. Above: Catching her breath after a charity run.

I am fortunate enough to cover the southwest region so time spent out of the office is very varied. One day I could be driving down Page 22 | Rural Matters | Summer 2019 | galbraithgroup.com

Galbraith certainly has a mentality of work hard but play hard too. We are a great bunch and enjoy quarterly land agent meetings where we exchange stories and have a good catch-up. We’re also not afraid of a competitive challenge with hockey matches, tennis games and charity events keeping us busy out of office hours.

When you work in the countryside, every season offers something new, but come rain or shine the work needs to be done.

Why the BGA deserves your support Mungo Ingleby, ambassador to the British Game Alliance, explains its ambitious goals.

A CoMMon question asked by shoots is why should i join the British Game Alliance?

The answer is simple. The BGA’s core function is to increase both the consumption and demand for game and consequently the price paid for shot birds. The BGA is therefore working for your shoot, for your benefit and it needs your support to do so.

These efforts, and a wider reform of the industry, are urgently required. Game, as a food class, has lagged behind the standards set by other producers and farmers and it is viewed as too troublesome and the quality of product too variable to access many, and in particular larger, markets. This has repressed demand and is a fundamental obstacle to market.

Irrespective of where these problems originated, and even though some individual shoots will have a route to market, the lack of demand threatens the very future of shooting as we know it. What is frustrating is that this lack of demand is a function of the supply chain and previous marketing efforts as opposed to any issues with the meat itself. Game is superb. It is versatile, lean, delicious, free range and cheap and if market confidence can be restored the possibilities are endless.

Securing and maintaining retailer confidence requires, whether you like it or not, standardisation. It is inconceivable that producers of lamb, beef or chicken would ever be happy to sell produce of A+ one week and D- the next. Farmers operate to rigorous standards that have to be maintained and, to survive in a competitive market, game must match and exceed these expectations both in relation to game itself and the natural environment. Each link of the supply chain must take the same pride in their product as any other artisanal food producer.

The BGA has firmly grasped this nettle and their assurance scheme is designed to bring game into the 21st century. It addresses every issue of the supply chain and in doing so the quality assurance scheme gives retailers,

restaurateurs and hoteliers the confidence in game that they crave.

With confidence comes demand and the nascent organisation has already made great waves.

Retailers such as Waitrose, hotel chains such as McDonalds and Marriott and chefs such as Tom Kitchin are now only offering or serving BGA assured game. This is a stunning endorsement of the work that the BGA has achieved to date and also in game itself.

In conjunction with the supply chain, the BGA is also looking closely at domestic and international marketing opportunities. Simon Brooks, with 14 years of experience of promoting the Red Tractor assurance scheme, has recently joined the BGA as export sales director and will be driving efforts across Turkish, African, Australian and Middle and Far Eastern markets.

These are the first steps of a young organisation and while much has been achieved in a very short time

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Their assurance scheme is designed to bring game into the 21st century.

All our publications are on our website.

For a printed copy please contact your local office.

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Membership is not expensive and more than 500 shoots and gamedealers have already signed up.

They are supporting an organisation and assurance scheme that is desperately needed, one that will, in time, deliver financial benefits to its members and ultimately help to safeguard the future of shooting.

If the industry does not promote real reform from within then it is almost inevitable that change will be forced upon it by government.

The former is the positive, proactive route to take and the industry needs to come together on this issue. If you are involved with game shooting and you are not a member of the BGA then you urgently need to ask yourself why not.

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