Zero Carbon Campus

LEEDS LEEDS ZERO ZERO CARBON CARBON CAMPUS CAMPUS Zero Carbon Campus Leeds School of architecture crash test 2012

Zero Carbon Campus Leeds Metropolitan 2012

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Introduction 11 13 2

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train station Film & Music Health & Well Being Business & Law 8 7 6 9

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Health and Film Film & music art, architecture & design Leeds University Leeds art College Leeds Carnegie stadium 11 12 2

sports Computing & Creative tech

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leeds Zero Carbon Campus

a research analysis document by Leeds school of architecture. it aims to analyse the existing Leeds Metropolitan Campus buildings, with key focus upon the sustainability of the structures, efficient use of the space and quality of the design. this research and analysis shall provide Leeds Metropolitan with forward thinking possibilities of renovation.

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Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................1 Research .....................................................................................................5 Leeds Carbon Zero Masterplan ................................................................43 Art, Architecture & Design .......................................................................44 Computing & Creative Tech ....................................................................70 Film, Music & Performance .....................................................................92 Health & Wellbeing ................................................................................110 Sports ......................................................................................................132 Business & Law ....................................................................................160

Foreword

Consumption is a major part of the city. Universities are a major part of cities. As Universities grow to accommodate 50% of young people entering higher education, the amount of resources consumed will drastically increase. The sustainable city will have new sorts of consumption and production, and these patterns will reshape not only our lives, but the urban space we inhabit. Universities are a microcosm of the larger city to which they are a part. Every aspect of life from accommodation to working, study to recreation, and eating to exercise are interwoven into a chain of events. Currently these chains are nodes of complex global resource networks. This book, and the project it contains, is a forward thinking glance to what the Zero Carbon Campus of the future could be. The ideas within focus upon creating a new campus of sustainable consumption based upon the existing Leeds Metropolitan University. The research considers the resource flows, energy consumption and occupational patterns for each School within the University. These are then tied together in a larger scale Masterplan. The intention is to create a totally self-sufficient university through closing the resource loops for each individual school, thus resulting one cohesive system. With over 40,000 students, Leeds Metropolitan University is the 15th largest university in the UK. With its ‘low-charging, high impact strategy’ it is ranked number 1 in the UK Green League for Higher Education. However, with less than 1% of energy produced on site, an enormous amount of waste produced, and a building stock with very few ecologically driven design aspects, there is still plenty to do‌

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Zero carbon Masterplan Part one

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Research

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Climate Change Climate change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world to date. substantial scientific evidence demonstrates the seriousness and urgency of this issue and has moved the debate conclusively from whether or not it is happening to what we need to do about it.

“the warnings about global warming have been extremely clear for a long time. we are facing a global climate crisis. It is deepening. we are entering a period of consequences.� aL Gore, speech at national sierra Club Convention, sept. 9, 2005

what is Zero Carbon?

CO2 Zero

By definition Zero carbon design is a lowcarbon economy, low-fossil-fuel economy or decarbonised economy. it is an economy that has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere. to achieve actual zero carbon in the scientific sense the scientists say we must develop the capacity for ‘negative carbon’ emissions, meaning we have to extract some Co2 directly out of the air and secure it. in the design of new buildings this means- to achieve large reductions in carbon emissions - to allow a range of solutions for dealing with the remaining carbon emissions on a large scale for example CHp Biomass Boiler.

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Zero Carbon Campus De Montefort University De Montefort University in Leicester is the first English university to undertake a full consumption-based footprint study. With savings of Savings of £350,000 and 800t of CO2 equivalent per year, the DMU retrofit challenge was worth it. In 2010 the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) published a new national carbon strategy requiring the measurement of ‘Scope 3’ emissions by 2012. Scope 3 includes indirect emissions from the institution’s activities, from sources not owned or controlled by the institution. For example, emissions from privately-owned halls of residence. To undertake a zero carbon campus in comparison, although the campus are of similar size DMU has a higher carbon footprint than Leeds Metropolitan University because the buildings are older. LMU has fairly new buildings in the city campus, these work relatively efficiently except the heating and cooling of spaces. To undertake a zero carbon campus for LMU we have to take into consideration of how they retrofit there buildings especially for the Headingley Campus.

2,700 Staff 27,000 students

2,800 Staff 27,000 Students

2008/2009

DMU 48,876tCO2

LMU 25,482 tCO2

2007/2008

DMU 46,794 tCO2

LMU 18,469 tCO2

DMU 47,375 tCO2 2006/2007

LMU 18,417 tCO2

De Montfort University Saves

DMU 48,206 tCO2

LMU 19,910 tCO2

800 Saves 800 tCO2 every year 2005/2006

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how Can we achieve Zero Carbon designs?

- Full retrofit whereby maximum measures that could be installed independently are related to the ratio of cost efficiency to the carbon saved. - Build to very high standards of energy efficiency passivhaus standard, along with the integration of renewable technologies. - efficiency Mentality, educating people to consider their energy usage, as simple as equipment left on. this is one of the highest causes of Co2., also to encourage the peoples investment into small scale savings, rain water collection, heat recovery, natural ventilation and solar collection. - Light retrofit only in measures that pay for themselves through energy bill savings over 25 year period or less.

ÂŁ : CO2

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within the district- Landfill sites generating electricity and heat from combustion of methane. - anaerobic digestion plant, this produces Biogas that can be burnt in a generator to produce electricity and heat. - CHp Biomass Boiler. - algae Bio-Fuel. - plasma Gasification. - Micro Hydro-electric power.

Algae Bio-Fuel Algae is one of the future product with high beneficial outputs for harvesting, biofuel, biomass and processable algae oil. ‘Biooctanic’ by UPI-2M Architects The croatian architectural firm have designed a series of Algae towers, these produce bio fuel for the city, with an extra benefit of purifying the air from excessive carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The towers are built on top of existing petrol stations, the main benefits of there design are - there is no carbon footprint on transport of the fuel. - Small surface area used for a large output - Visual connection to the energy we produce (eco branding)

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efficiency mentality Most people rely on a range of office equipment in order to function. From the basic essentials such as computers, monitors and printers to business fax machines and photocopiers to projectors, scanners and teleconference facilities. technology has become part of our daily activity. reducing energy by simply being efficient seems easy, so why don’t we switch off more often? Lowering energy consumption means reduced carbon emissions which are a major contributor to climate change. it not only protects the environment it - reduces cost of energy (drop in energy consumption) - Longer useful life of equipment - increases mobility (increased use of laptops) - reduces mechanical ventilation requirements Fax machines use less enrgy but are always on stand by wasted energy

15% of total electricty usuage is ofďŹ ce machinery, expected 30% by 2020. Uk cost of ÂŁ300 million.

printers use 30-40% of energy is consukmed idling

photocopiers use 40-70% idling

Monitors account for 85 watts

Computers are the highest electricity users

Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a natural biological process in which microorganisms break down organic matter (biomass), in the absence of oxygen, in temperature controlled sealed vessels to produce biogas (a mixture of methane (60%) and carbon dioxide (40%)) and digestate (a nitrogen-rich fertiliser). The biogas is captured and can then be used directly as fuel in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, to produce heat and electricity- or can be cleaned and used in the same way as natural gas or as a vehicle fuel. The digestate can be used as a renewable fertiliser or soil conditioner for farming in order to grow more crops - which the waste in turn can be used for further Anaerobic Digestion. Almost any biomass can be processed in AD; including food waste, energy crops, crop residues, slurry and manure. AD can accept waste from our homes, supermarkets, industry and farms, meaning less waste goes to landfill. However, woody biomass cannot be used in AD because the micro-organisms can’t breakdown the lignin, the compound that gives wood its strength. In the UK a prime example for an anaerobic digestive plant is Kemble Farms. In 2008 they completed the installation of a 300kW anaerobic digestion plant, which complemented their dairy unit and provided another income following fluctuating milk prices.

Heat & Electricity

Organic Waste

Biogas rich in methane

Organic Compost

Digestate Waste Preparation Anaerobic Digestion Stabilization/Curing/Dewatering

Water For Reuse

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micro hydro-electric power

Microhydro is defined as the generation of electricity using water, from a few hundred watts up to 100kW. Microhydro systems use water to power a turbine, using the movement to transfer energy to a generator and create electricity. a controlled capture of this energy can be achieved by diverting some or all of a natural waterway. the total hydroelectric installed capacity in the UK in 2010 was approximately 1650 megawatts, which is 1.8% of the current total UK generating capacity and 18% of renewable electricity generation capacity. in the south of africa 8 micro hydro power systems are already completed and 5 are partially completed to supply Mulanje, Manica and nyanga districts of Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe respectively. the system is simple, relatively inexpensive and highly effective.

Hydro Power

counts to 18% of UK’s renewable electricity generation

intake

pipe Line

tu r b i n e House outflow

electricity used or exported back to the grid

Chp biomass boiler

Combined heat and power (CHp) integrates the production of usable heat and power (electricity), in one single, highly efficient process. they are relative sophisticated which means that the overall efficiency of CHp plants can reach in excess of 80% at the point of use. this compares with the efficiency of Combined Cycle Gas turbine, which in the UK ranged between 49% and 52% over the period 2006 to 2008. Coal-fired plant fare less well with an efficiency of around 38%. prime example of this technology is skive CHp station Location is north Jutland, denmark, designed by arkitektfirmaet C. F. Møller. it is located on a ridge along the main road to the town of skive – visible both from the fjord, the town and the nearby residential areas.

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what is the most effective and efficient way to decarbonise a City? the UK is the first country in the world to set a legally binding target, aiming to reduce gas emissions by 80 percent by 2050. Like other countries in the eU we will soon be setting challenging targets for renewable energy too. Without real change in ways in which we live and work, we wont achieve our goals. Leeds city region is an area with a population of three million, it has any energy consumption average of 43 million tCo2 per year. Comparing to London’s 90 million tCo2 with a population of 8.2 million, Leeds has a slightly higher usage which has to be addressed.

UK to reduce

gas emissions by 80% by 2050

3 million of Leeds population creates 43 million tCO2 per year.

existing Co2 reduction in leeds

Leeds has few existing renewable sources of energy. to this date - the largest supplier of combined heat and power is in Leeds General infirmary. - Five landfill sites in Leeds that have the capacity to provide 10MW of electricity enough for 5,00 homes - a Hydroelectric plant in otley - photovoltaic panels park Lane College - Biomass heating at the University of Leeds

Reading 6,189 Kg

Bradford 5,539 Kg

Leicester 5,565 Kg

Birmingham 5,424 Kg

Sunderland 5,504 Kg

Greater London 5,318 Kg

5,333 Kg

Leeds

Nottingham 5,424 Kg

City average Kg Co2 per dwelling

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Masterplan

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leeds metropolitan Carbon Zero masterplan Based in the thriving city of Leeds, our University is one of the most popular in the country. With over 27,000 students and 2,800 staff, we are a people business and our contribution to the region and beyond is significant. We value our students’ dreams and goals: our university is committed to preparing them for the world of work in the best possible way.

is committed to preparing them for the world of work in the best possible way. Our Proposal-Zero Carbon Campus Low emissions, closed loop systems for input and output. -Providing High Rise Tram To create a connected city for student and the public. -Accommodation terminus To provide university owned accommodation at good a quality, an affordable price and linked to node there essential needs. - Enterprise tram Line To provide students with a good education and increase there employability, pedestrian Zone encouraging a mix of students and professionals to work together creating a Green Link Leeds met enterprise.

Green Link Bridged Link Tram Stop Train Station Leeds Met Buildings Sports Computing & Creative Tech Arts, Architecture & Design Film, Music & Performance Arts Health and Well Being Business Public Connections

ero Masterplan

Bridged Link tram stop train station

Health and Well Being Computing & Creative tech arts, architecture & design Film, Music & performance arts sports Business public Connections Leeds Met Buildings

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our proposal Zero Carbon Campus Low emissions, closed loop systems for input and output.

providing high rise tram to create a connected city for student and the public.

accommodation to provide university owned accommodation at good a quality, an affordable price and linked to there essential needs.

enterprise to provide students with a good education and increase there employability, encouraging a mix of students and professionals to work together creating a Leeds Met enterprise.

train station

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eds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

Headingley Campus

Heading

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culties

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Sports

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The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modiďŹ es internal environment making the spaces useable in all seasons and conditions.

Computing

The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to differing solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation.

Sports The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modifies internal environment making the spaces useable in all seasons and conditions.

Computing The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to differing solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation.

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City Campus

olitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

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Architecture, Art & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding

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The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing

Film, Music & Performing Arts

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Health & Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and

Architecture, Art and Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation gardens which, creating a sheltered courtyard space, provides a means of passively ventilating the faculty buildings and works as a natural method for cleaning rain and grey water.

Film, Music and the Performing Arts The proposal reestablishes the existing faculties into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the separate work spaces into one encompassing site and promoting Leeds Metropolitans growing Performing Arts Faculty.

Health and Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade, rainwater harvesting system and a plasma gasification system.

Business and Law The business and law proposal involves using a digital campus to eliminate paper wastage and optimising room space through a digital faculty system. Additional features include a solar array and the opportunity for usage of the now vacant Rosebowl space.

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leeds metropolitan university Closed loop system

Energy Water Fuel Paper

New Technology Energy Musical Water Equipment Photography Fuel Equipment Recording Paper Equipment

New Technology Materials Musical Equipment Food & Drink Photography Long Distance Equipment Transport Recording Public Train Equipment

Income Materials Repairs Food & Drink Long Distance Fabrics Transport Materials Public Train

Sports

Sports

Computing

Computing

Architecture, Art & DesignArchitecture, Art & Design

Grey Water recyling Kinetic Energy Generation Heat Generation Fertilisers for ďŹ elds from inks

Grey Water recyling Kinetic Energy Generation Heat Generation Fertilisers for ďŹ elds from inks

Inks generated into fertilisers

Inks generated into fertilisers

Fabric reused in Fashion Design Fabric reused in Fashion Design Materials reused in Design Workshops Materials reused in Design Workshops Materials Recycled Materials Recycled Bio fuels generated for transport Bio fuels generated for transport

Income Materials Repairs Food & Drink Long Distance Fabrics Transport Materials Public Train

Income Public Bus Repairs Accommodation Sports Equipment Fabrics Inks Materials

Public Bus Sound Negative Accommodation Education Recycled Paper Sports Equipment Bio Fuels Inks

Printers Negative Sound Education Computer Tech Recycled Paper Heating/Cooling Bio Fuels Sterilised Lab Equipment

Slag Printers Negative Chemicals Computer Tech Heat Heating/Cooling Steam Lab Sterilised Equipment

Chemical Slag Substances Negative Paper Chemicals Heat Machinary Steam Plastics

Recycled Inks Chemical Substances Test Subjects Paper Machinary Plastics

Recycled Inks

Test Subjects

ure, Art & Design

Film, Music & Performing Arts Film, Music & Performing Arts

Health & Well being Health & Well being

Business & Law

Business & Law

ashion Design n Design Workshops d ed for transport

Equipment restored in housed Equipment restored in housed Equipment donated to local schools, Equipment donated to local schools, charities or sold back to manufacturer charities or sold back to manufacturer

General waste absorbed and General waste absorbed and biochemically converted into energy biochemically converted into energy Steam generation Steam generation Bio fuels generated for transport Bio fuels generated for transport

Paper recycled

Paper recycled

Inks generated into fertilisers Inks generated into fertilisers

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Leeds Masterplan Elevation

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tram route points Leeds proposed tram system will create a fast sustainable route within Leeds. Linking students with the city centre lowers Co2 emissions and provides a more sustainable transport solution, as well as providing extra transport options for the city centre.

Leeds College of Art Performance Building Broadcasting Place Woodhouse Carpark Woodhouse Lane Parkinson Steps Leeds Met Central Rosebowl Carnegie Cricket Ground Becketts Park Spring Bank Hyde Park Corner Woodhouse Moor Sports Computing Headingley Train Station Headingley Stadium

Queen Square House

Terminus

Node Tram Line

Pedestrian Zone Green Link

Bridged Link

Cloth Hall

Tram Stop

Leeds Train Station Queens Hotel

Leeds College of Art

Performance Building Broadcasting Place

Woodhouse Carpark Queen Square House Terminus

Hyde Park Corner

Woodhouse Moor

Node Tram Line Woodhouse Lane Pedestrian Zone Parkinson Steps Leeds Met Central Rosebowl Cloth Hall Green Link

Bridged Link

Carnegie Cricket Ground

Tram Stop

Becketts Park

Spring Bank

Leeds Train Station Queens Hotel Sports Computing Headingley Train Station Headingley Stadium

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broadcasting place View

Leeds College of Art

Performance Building Broadcasting Place

Woodhouse Carpark Queen Square House Terminus

Hyde Park Corner

Woodhouse Moor

Node Tram Line Woodhouse Lane Pedestrian Zone Parkinson Steps Leeds Met Central Rosebowl Cloth Hall Green Link

Bridged Link

Carnegie Cricket Ground

Tram Stop

Becketts Park

Spring Bank

Leeds Train Station Queens Hotel Sports Computing Headingley Train Station Headingley Stadium

woodhouse lane

Leeds College of Art

Performance Building Broadcasting Place

Woodhouse Carpark Queen Square House Terminus

Hyde Park Corner

Woodhouse Moor

Node Tram Line Woodhouse Lane Pedestrian Zone Parkinson Steps Leeds Met Central Rosebowl Cloth Hall Green Link

Bridged Link

Carnegie Cricket Ground

Tram Stop

Becketts Park

Spring Bank

Leeds Train Station Queens Hotel Sports Computing Headingley Train Station Headingley Stadium

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Headingley Terminus

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tower design these node towers are an opportunity for the University to provide various accommodation types for new and existing students in response to the following statistics.

- there are currently over 100,000 students in Leeds. - 36,000 of these are Leeds Met students of which only 4000 can be accommodated by Leeds Metropolitan University. - the number of students wanting to live in purpose built accommodation continues to rise with a growth of 3% over 4 years.

the towers can be constructed out of a combination of different elements depending on their location and allow additional elements to be added in the future. the section opposite indicates a tower combination that includes public transportation, Library facilities, various live layouts, work layouts and open public facilities.

3 Bed Duplex - U

3 Bed Apartment

4 Bed Apartment Duplex - Lower

plans Meeting Room Meeting room Kitchen/Break Room Kitchen/Break room Meeting Room Open Planplan Offices offices open Open Plan Offices Meeting Room Kitchen/Break Room

Group Meeting Room Group Meeting room Work Stations Work stations Book Shelves Book shelves

Commercial Units Public Garden

39 Escalators & Stairs to Ground Level Transport Level Commercial Units Public Garden Escalators & Stairs to Ground Level Transport Level

small office With Small Office with Meeting Area Meeting areas

Kitchen/Break Room

Meeting Roo

Open Plan Offices

Kitchen/Break

Small Office with Meeting Area

Small Office w

Small Office with Meeting Area Typical Work Level Level typical Work Typical Work Level Typical Library Level

typical Library Levels

lex Typical Work Level 1 Bed Duplex 1 Bed duplex

lex

3 Bed Duplex - Upper Level Bed Duplex - Upper 33 Bed duplex - Level Upper Level

1 Bed Duplex

Duplex - Lower Level Duplex - Lower duplex - Level

rtment

Lower Level

3 Bed Duplex -

rtment

3 Bed Duplex - Upper Level

Duplex - Lower Level 3 Bed Apartment 3 Bed apartment

rtment Duplex - Lower Level Duplex - Lower Level duplex Lower Level 3 Bed Apartment 4 Bed Duplex - Upper Level 4 Bed Apartment Typical Live Levels Typical Live Live Levels Levels typical Typical Live Levels 4 Duplex - Upper Level 4Bed Bed duplex

rtment

4 Bed Apartment 4 Bed apartment

Duplex - Lower

Upper Duplex Level - Lower Level

4 Bed Duplex - Upper Level

Stairs to All Levels Stairs to All Levels

eting Room Commercial Units Commercial Units Public Garden Public Garden Escalators & Stairs to Ground Level Escalators & Stairs to Ground Level Group Meeting Room Work Stations Book Shelves Commercial Commercial Units Units Public Garden public Gardens Escalators Stairs to escalators and & stairs Ground Level to Ground Level

Stairs to All Levels stairs to all Levels Group Meeting Room Work Stations Book Shelves

ions eting Room

ions ves

ves

Typical Library Level

Transport Level Transport Level Typical Library Level

Lifts to All Levels Lifts to All Levels

Transport Level transport Level

to All Levels Lifts to all Lifts Levels

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Faculty Proposals Part two

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— Art, Architecture & Design Computing & Creative Tech Film, Music & Performance Health & Wellbeing Sports Business & Law

Leeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

City Campu

Faculties

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Architecture, Art & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation

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The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the seperate

Film, Music & Performing Arts

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Health & Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade,

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Business & Law

The business and law prop involves using a digital campu eliminate paper wastage optimising room space throug digital faculty system. Additi features include a solar array

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Suppliers 3. Transport Carbon Footprint 4. Primary Faculty Inputs and Outputs 5. Current Situation 6. Proposal 7. Proposal Inputs and Outputs 8. System Loop 9. Site Integration 10. Environmental Conditions 11. A Local Sustainable Forest

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Broadcasting Filling Station

Leeds Metropolitan University purchases 0.00% of its electricity from renewable sources. Leeds Metropolitan University generates 0.15% energy on-site from Low or Zero-Carbon energy sources. 2.0288% of Leeds Metropolitan University’s water comes from grey or rain water sources. It currently emits 1500 tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. This needs to change.

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Broadcasting Place - Current Situation At the moment, Broadcasting Place produces 1500 tonnes of CO2 every year as a result of its annual usage of over 1.5 million kWh. This is the equivalent of 240 houses. They make a conscious effort to source as many materials from local businesses as possible, with their main suppliers of Timber and Plastic within 6 miles of Broadcasting Place. All the Timber they source comes from companies who are accredited for their sustainable sourcing. The University on the whole, is highly regarded in terms of its current sustainability. At present, they are recycling a total of 63.6 % of all waste. Broadcasting Place is the most efficiently used building, with the highest Frequency percentage (number of hours a room is in use as a proportion of the total hours surveyed). Block A has a 77.1% rate Block B has a 97.1% rate. There are often issues with groups of students not having the necessary work space, particularly during hand in periods. This could be solved by the students from Art, Architecture and Design using rooms with a low frequency percentage, during the times of high frequency - January and May. The Ground Floor Workshop in Broadcasting Place, estimate that at the moment, they are recycling 90% of all timber and Plastic cutoffs and mistakes. The current annual Carbon Emissions of Broadcasting Place are equal to 240 family sized houses

1500 tonnes CO2

1500 tonnes CO2

04 3 4 4 5 7 1 5 4 5 5 6 8 kwh 2 6 5 6 6 7 9 Broadcasting Place’s current annual energy usage

Primary Inputs/Outputs Block A Block A houses the main reception to the faculty as well as lecture theatres and computer suites. There is also a cafe and facilities.

Block B Block B houses all of the faculties design studios and lecture rooms as well as providing a base for all faculty staff and the workshop.

Tower Block The tower block is home to 241 student rooms with all modern amenities included. These are occupied for 51 weeks in a year.

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broadcasting place suppliers 6 miles dragon timber & plywood

- Ls28 6Jp arnold Laver Ltd

- Ls10 1sW Lawcris panel products Ltd - Ls9 0rY

3.4 miles

amari plastics - Ls11 0eY

3 miles

Leeds Metropolitan University reprographics - Ls6 3Qs

3.3 miles

screwfix Leeds - Ls12 6aL

40 miles

Hindleys Ltd - s13 9LU

150 miles

design supply - Milton Keynes

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HP Ink - Carbon Footprint The ink used in the faculty are manufactured in Japan, shipped to Milton Keynes and finally to the university.

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2

100Kg CO2

2.22 Tons CO2

Plotter - Carbon Footprint The wood used to produce the plotter paper is sourced from South America and Switzerland, then sent to Holland where it is manufactured into paper and flown to the UK. It is then distributed to Leeds Metropolitan from Milton Keynes.

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

100Kg CO2

3.2 Tonnes CO2

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Proposal Our proposal is intended to make a statement for our faculty, showing that there exists a proactive movement responding to the increasing consumption of a major UK city such as Leeds. We are basing our design around a modular cladding extension which replaces the shortlifespan and high embodied energy Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods, which feed into an on site Bio-fuel production line. We also propose to introduce two phytoremediation gardens which, as well as providing an internal link between the main blocks, also creates a sheltered courtyard space, provides a means of passively ventilating the faculty buildings and works as a natural method for cleaning rain and grey water.

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Proposed Technologies Solar Array Algae Facade Kinetic Energy Recovery

If Block A were to have a 4kW photo voltaic solar array installed on its 1600m2 roof, it would generate nearly 20,000 kWh worth of clean renewable energy.

The proposed algae facade would offset 73,000 tonnes of CO2 annually, while producing 45500 litres worth of Algae Oil which can be processed into Biofuel. The by-product of the algae cultivation would be 30,000 tonnes of Biomass for use in the remediation gardens and to feed the trees in the proposed sustainable forest.

The Kinetic energy recovery system would be able to harness and recirculate up to 30% of power used in the workshop machinery.

Rainwater Harvesting

Sustainable Forestry

Phytoremediation Garden

Rainwater harvesting system would reduce mains water usage by 50% in total, as well as provide a permanent supply of water to the algae facade and remediation gardens.

The Leeds Sustainable Forest will be occupied with 3,600 hardwood and softwood trees. Over one year these trees would absorb 47 tonnes of CO2, as well as provide the University with the raw materials to produce its own paper and office materials.

The installation of a phytoremediation garden would offer a reservoir for any rainwater collected and a means of storing and reusing circulated water to the algae facade, providing the algae with nitrogen necessary for efficient growth.

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Site As Existing Faculty of Arts, Environment and Technology as existing.

Proposed Systems Loop Recirculation Waste Water Screening/Mixing/ Pumping

Recirculation Pump

Rain Water Roof Reservoir Biomass Feeds Back to Garden By-product

Out Flow to Algae

Solar Irradiance

Absorption of C02

Solar Collection

Transesterification and Storage On-Site Filling Station

Bio-fuel Filtering and Harvesting

Battery System

Fuel for Staff and Students C02 Campus Shuttle Run Workshop Machinery

Profit Exposure

and Kinetic Energy Recovery

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Phytoremediation 2 2

Grey water filtered to Phytoremediation Garden Grey water filtered to Phytoremediation Garden

Paper Cycle

1 1 Remediated Rainwater water returns Collection Remediated Rainwaterto services water returns Collection to services Grey water filtered to Phytoremediation Garden

2

1 Pulping Process Pulping Process

3 3

Pulping Process

Pulping Process

Rainwater Collection

1 1 2 2 Pulping Process Pulping Process

Remediated water returns 4 to services

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3

3 3

Kinetic Energy Recovery System Kinetic Energy Recovery System

1

4 4 2

Solar Photovoltaics/ Kinetic Energy Recovery 3

Kinetic Energy Recovery System

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Input/Output of Proposals 5 Grey water ďŹ ltered to Phytoremediation Garden

Algae Bio-Fuel

This diagram demonstrates our proposals for closing existing loops and introducing new system loops.

Bio-fuel emissions are offset by continuous production cycle Rainwater Collection Remediated water 5 returns to services

5 5

BROADCASTING FILLING STATION

3 Bio-fuel emissions are offset by continuous production cycle

4 2

4 5

Bio-fuel emissions are offset by continuous production cycle

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BROADCASTING FILLING STATION

BROADCASTING FILLING STATION

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Composting/ Natural Waste

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Site Integration 1. Combined algae mixing tank and photo bioreactor energy capture system replaces Corten panels. The louvred system also regulates internal 1 Combined algae mixing tank and photo bio-reactor energy replaces Corten panels. The solar gain as well as capture being system linked to baffles which louvred system also regulates internal solar gain as well control levels of passive ventilation. as being linked to baffles which control levels of passive ventilation.

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2. Phytoremediation garden for natural water purification. 2The Winter gardens also Phytoremediation garden forwill natural waterbenefit purification. The Winter gardens benefit from its by-prodfrom its by-products to aid will in also growth, promoting ucts to aid in growth, promoting faster phytoremediafaster phytoremediation ofgrey the rain and grey tion of the rain and water, improving the efficient growth rate of the vertical algae pods. water, improving the efficient growth rate of the vertical algae pods.

Photovoltaic panels with automated sun tracking. Power generated supplys workshop, with KERS 3. Photovoltaic panels with the automated sun systems harnessing surplus kinetic energy which loops tracking. Powerback generated supplies the workshop, into the main generator supply.

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3

with KERS systems harnessing surplus kinetic energy which loops back into the main generator supply. 4 Rainwater collection reservoir beneath PV panels, feeding the phytoremediation gardens. Surplus waste water is recirculated and screened as well as used to collection reservoir supply the algae facade system. beneath PV

4

6

4. Rainwater panels, feeding the phytoremediation gardens. Surplus waste water is recirculated and screened as well as used to supply thebio algae facade system. 5 A small scale algae ‐fuel station will work alongside 5. A small scale algae bio-fuel station will work alongside the university, in order to provide commercial motivation for research into new generation bio-energy fuel. 6 The Corten steel salvaged from the buildings facade 6. The Corten Biofuel steel filling salvaged station. from the buildings facade will then be used to create fireproof bio-fuel transesterification tanks as well as the cladding for the new bio-fuel filling station. the university, in order to provide commercial motivation for research into new generation bio‐energy fuel.

5

will then be used to create fireproof Biofuel transesterification tanks as well as the cladding for the new

Site as Proposed Faculty of Arts, Environment and Technology as proposed.

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Algae as a Biofuel Almost 60% of Algae’s bio mass is oil. This oil can in turn be refined in order to produce sustainable biofuel. Algae grows roughly ten times faster than trees, with the more efficient species doubling in volume every 6 hours.

Petrol

Algae Biofuel

Using algae to generate oil in our proposal, 11 litres of bio-diesel per square metre can be generated in a year. By implementing this information onto the proposed algae facade of Block B, we can deduce that 45500 litres would be produced annually using the 400 square metres of facade as vertical algae growing modules.

Production Offset of CO2 per Year CO2 Emissions on Combustion grams / litre Vehicular Miles per litre By-product

0

73,000 tonnes

2,300

2,500

10. 4

14.8

0

30,000 tonnes of useable biomass

Furthermore, Bio-diesel produced using algae contains no sulphur, is non-toxic and highly biodegradable.

Facade build-up

outer Building envelope Floor slabs primary structure

Maintenance Walkway

Co2 distribution Feed Water Circulatory Feed algae oil output Feed

algae photo reactors

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66

Environmental Conditions Phytoremediation gardens provide natural fresh air circulation throughout the main blocks when permitted by the outdoor air temperature. This minimizes the use of mechanical ventilation while taking advantage of the prevailing wind and wind channel formed from the current building form. It also provides some shelter from the wind in what is otherwise a turbulent alley.

Phytoremediation circulation throug ted by the outdoo use of mechanica of the prevailing w the current buildi from the wind in w

During cold seasons, the gardens act as a means of regulating the internal temperature by use of the large glazed areas, heating air which passes through on its way to being deposited in the main blocks.

During cold seaso means of regulati by use of the larg which passes thro deposited in the m

The algae facade system not only provides a sustainable source of natural bio-fuel but also acts as a solar shade, maximising sunlight on to the algae panels while minimizing surplus solar radiation, maintaining a comfortable internal climate.

The algae facade sustainable sourc acts as a solar sha to the algae pane solar radiation, m internal climate.

A Sustainable Forest The Leeds Sustainable Forest will be occupied with 3,600 hardwood and softwood trees.

3 miles

The on-site factory will manufacture the Hardwoods into usable wood for the workshop, whilst the softwoods will be transformed into paper.

The products will then be transported via the algaefuelled shuttle wagon to the University.

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With the implementation of the our proposals, Leeds Metropolitan University would: Generate over 25% energy on-site from Low or ZeroCarbon energy sources. allow for over 50% of water to come from grey or rain water sources on-site. turn our current emissions of 1500 tonnes of Co2 into an offset of 73000 tonnes. this is change.

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70 Art, Architecture & Design

— Computing & Creative Tech Film, Music & Performance Health & Wellbeing Sports Business & Law

Leeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

Headingley Campus

2

1

Faculties

1

Sports

2

The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modiďŹ es internal environment making the spaces useable in all seasons and conditions.

The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to differing solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation.

Computing

Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. James Graham Overview Consumption i Computing & Creative Technologies Consumption ii A Stud In Efficiency - Computing & Creative Technologies 6. Proposed Savings 7. A Stud in Efficiency - James Graham 8. Proposed Savings 9. James Graham Proposition 10. Closed Loop diagram 11. Solar Potential 12. Solar Facade 13. CHP Biomass Boiler 14. Eastern Courtyard 15. A Study in Efficiency 16. Conclusion

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James Graham Overview Before we look at The School of Computing & Creative Technologies, it is important to analyse the James Graham building where the school is situated.

Lecture Halls

Gandhi Hall

Main entrance

library (majority of west wing)

Built in 1910, the James Graham building is a neoclassical, three storey masonry structure. Originally built with two internal courtyards; these have been filled in to provide an extension the library in the western courtyard and lecture theatres in the eastern courtyard.

Consumption Per year the James Graham building consumes vast amounts of non-renewable energy. Along with looking at The School of Computing & Creative Technologies the energy concerns of the building as a whole need to be addressed.

James Graham volume: 70,000 m3 Floor space:

Heating: 1.6mil kwh Electric: 2.3mil kwh

Renewable energy usage:

13,000 m2

3,900,00 kWh

TOTAL:

Carbon emitions:

0%

1400 tones CO2

These figures are for the building as a whole, the next section will look at how much the School of Computing & Creative Technologies contributes to consumption.

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Computing & Creative Technologies Overview The School of Computing & Creative Technology is housed mainly in the east wing, and consists of 16 IT labs and a technicians office, all fitted out with a host of equipment to facilitate the various courses.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONA

Equipment Inventory

smartboards

3

projectors

12

205 imacs

Consumption

BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

At approximately 13% of the total volume of the James Graham, the school consumes around 34% of the total energy. Air-conditioning is at a constant strain due to a few factors. Firstly

the heat from hardware, secondly the radiators which remain on despite heat from equipment and students warming rooms and lastly south facing rooms overheating from solar gain.

Breakdown: Computing & Creative Tech volume: Total Consumption: 741,000 kWh Air-conditioning 234,000 kWh Space heating 156,000 Computers 78,000 kWh Lighting 117,000 kWh Other

9,000 m3 (13%)

Floor space: 1,700 m2

1,326,000 kWh (34% of JG total)

180 pc’s

small format pc’s

50

keyboards

75

75 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

76

A Study In Efficiency — Computing & Creative Technologies

02 1 5 9 9 9 1 3 2 6 0 0 0 kwh 2 4 3 7 1 1 1

Consumption with the school currently stands at approximately 1,326,000 kwh First step to reducing CO2 emissions is to reduce consumption. The following proposition could reduce consumption within the school by 66%.

Space heating from the gas fired radiators runs within the IT labs. The new biomass CHP boiler, explained in the next section, is zone controlled. Heating in this section is NOT needed due to heat from equipment. All labs are offered 24/7. Average power up times are 14 hours per day with a 3-4 hour idle sleep time. Halving the labs with 24/7 access and reducing idle time to 1-2 hours will reduce consumption by 50%. A motion sensor, LED lighting sensor system reduces consumption by at least 50% and is standard practice MISC for most public buildings. Referring to the extra equipment, reducing the 24/7 access to labs would reduce the demand on projectors, music keyboards. Promoting a power-off mentality would also have a positive effect on consumption. The big one. Removing the space heating, reducing 24/7 access, reducing idle times and minimising heat from lighting alleviates the strain on the AC, offering a possible reduction of 48%.

Breakdown: 741,000kwh Air-conditioning 234,000kwh Space heating 156,000 Computers 78,000kwh Lighting 117,000kwh Other

A/C

Proposed Savings

MISC 100% 50% 50% 33%

A/C 48%

This proposal, using a mixture of efficiency savings and new technologies will drop consumption within the school by 56% to 585,000kwh per year.

9 4 7 5 9 9 9 0 5 8 5 0 0 0 kwh 1 6 9 6 1 1 1

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A Study In Efficiency — James Graham

20 4 8 9 9 9 3 1 5 9 0 0 0 kwh 4 2 60 1 1 1

Savings from the previous section, puts the overall James Graham consumption at approximately 3,159,000 kwh. Bigger savings are possible throughout the entire building using similar modifications that were proposed among within the School of Computing & Creative Technologies.

A feature of the proposition is to reinstate the eastern courtyard, removing the large volume of the auditorium, reducing heating and lighting requirements by more than 20%. Heating is reduced 20% by the removal of the auditoriums. The biomass CHP boiler is not only more efficient than the existing gas but is also zone controlled to reduce consumption by a further 25%. IT facilities are not as intense as in the school of computing, however reducing the idle time from 3-4 hours down to 1-2 and endorsing the ‘power-off’ mentality will reduce consumption by 30%. Lighting is reduced drastically by the removal of auditoriums. A motion sensor, LED lighting sensor system reduces consumption and is standard practice for most public buildings, savings of 65%. The ‘power-off’ mentality has shown to make substantial savings in public buildings, for the usage of the James Graham, a 15% saving is proposed.

MISC

Proposed Savings

MISC 40% 30% 65% 15%

Savings from the School of Computing & Creative Technologies along with a holistic saving approach across the James Graham can reduce consumption by 41% to 1,855,680kwh per year

0 7 4 4 5 7 9 1 8 5 5 6 8 0 kwh 2 9 6 6 7 9 1

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James Graham Proposition Energy consumption for the James Graham has been reduced using the efficiency proposals stated, the next process to help deal with consumption is to look at introducing renewable energy sources.

1. Solar facade 2. CHP Biomass Boiler 3. Rain/Grey Water Harvesting 4. Reinstatement of Eastern Courtyard 5. ‘Power-Off’/Efficiency Mentality

2

3

4

1

5

The James Graham building is over 100 years old, it is a listed building and is synonymous with the Leeds Met University image. The alterations to help reduce energy consumption need to be sympathetic as well as effective.

Closed loop diagram

1. solar facade - With a vast south facade a solar array has the potential of generating substantial electricity while offering solar shading to the over-heated south facing rooms. 2. Combined Heat and power Biomass Boiler - to complement the existing natural gas boilers, the CHp Biomass option is a renewable energy source and generates both heat and electricity.

3. rain/Grey Water Harvesting - With a large roof surface area, careful collection will help cater for the WC facilities and also provide a water supply for grounds maintenance.. 4. reinstatement of eastern Courtyard - Both an architectural and environmental benefit, the open courtyard will encourage much needed natural ventilation and lighting to the east wing.

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solar potential solar potential is at its maximum on the James Graham building. With a total area of close to 2,000m2, facing directly south and with no overshadowing, it is ideally placed, however there are restrictions.

referring to the age and importance of the building, along with it being listed, a sympathetic solar intervention is proposed.

Solar Facade Functionally, the solar facade needs to collect as much solar energy as possible and also shade the rooms prone to over-heating. Importantly the solar facade is not a permanent feature and would be able to be removed or upgraded if necessary. The solar array covers over 400m2 and generates over 110,000kwh.

Aesthetically, the facade takes inspiration from the window proportions and rhythm of the existing. Set over the first and second floor, the facade follows the existing recesses which keep the strong protruding architectural forms of the entrance portico and east and west corner elements which give the building its strong character.

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CHP Biomass Boiler A Combined Heat and Power Biomass boiler is ideal for the size and heating demands of the James Graham. It also works with the existing heating infrastructure so requires minimal internal alterations.

Electricity production is the bye-product of the heat production; therefore the electricity will only be produced when heating is required. This means that during warmer months, electricity from the grid would be required.

The biomass CHP is capable of covering the full 902,400kwh required to heat the building but will also have the existing gas boiler as a back-up. The electrical by-product will generate around 270,000kwh of green electricity. The proposed system’s efficiency is reliant on a computer controlled building management system which distributes heat on a zonal arrangement, a setup which will save 25% on consumption.

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CHP Biomass Boiler The benefits to consumption are substantial. Heating demands for the large auditoriums are removed along with the lighting demands. Purpose built, energy efficient auditoriums are part of the proposal covered in the Sports chapter.

Reinstating Eastern Courtyard Reinstating the original eastern courtyard has multiple benefits. It introduces natural light and ventilation to the adjacent internal spaces and also reduces the total building volume by approximately 20%.

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Conclusion A new look for the James Graham makes it the pinup building for a new era of energy awareness and carbon reduction at Leeds Metropolitan.

Renewables

0%

3,900,000 kwh

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewables

69%

EFFICIENCY MEASURES

AC 1,855,680 kwh

Sensible efficiency measures are the key. Reducing consumption is complimented by a host of renewable energy measures.

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91

92 Art, Architecture & Design Computing & Creative Tech

- Film, Music & Performance Health & Wellbeing Sports Business & Law

Leeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

City Cam

Faculties

1

Architecture, Art & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation

2

The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the seperate

Film, Music & Performing Arts

3

Health & Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade,

4

Business & La

The business and law involves using a digital ca eliminate paper wastag optimising room space th digital faculty system. A features include a solar a

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Facilities 3. PA Existing System 4. PA Proposed System 5. Film & Music System 6. Site Proposal 7. PA Studio Proposal 8. PA Site Integration 9. Visual 10. Film Proposal 11. Site Integration 12. Site as Proposed 13. Site Section 14. Visual

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Facilities Film & Performing Arts have involvement in studio & classroom spaces in five separate buildings spread over the city of Leeds. Our proposal includes two new facilities at the broadcasting tower. This will reduce outgoing costs and still provide suitable spaces for teaching and improving the existing use of the proposed site location.

Leslie Silver Building

West Yorkshire Northern Ballet Factory 4 Electric Press Playhouse

The Music Department is located in the James Graham Building in the Headingley Campus. This department will not be relocated. A building proposal for renovations is included in the ‘Computing Faculty’

9 3 8 0 4 5 4 0 4 9 1 5 6 5 kwh 1 5 02 6 7 6

Performing Arts Existing System University Leeds Met students currently use their own facilities for lectures and general learning but for physical parts to the course they use Northern Ballet’s Studio. Leeds Met share a relationship with local business Northern Ballet. Students of Leeds Met rent studio space for education as well as provide industry teaching staff.

Set & Costume Designers Set’s & Costumes are designed by external contractors Leeds Met Performing Arts

Set’s & Costumes are letted out to other Ballet companies across the world Perfomances Northern Ballet performances are presented up and down the country but more commonly at local theatres in Leeds

Set’s & Costume’s

95

Fashion Design Department

Student Costume Designers

96

Student Set Designers

Art Department Fashion Design Department

Local School

Costumes are returned to university for reuse of materials

Set & Costume Local School Designers Local Ballet Classes Fashion Design Department Student

Local Ballet Classes

Costumes are Sets are to university returned returned tomaterials university for reuse of for reuse of materials Student Costume Designers

Set & C Desi

Leeds Met Performing Arts

Student

Student Leeds Met Fashion Design Set Designers Performing Arts Department

D

Public

Local School

Costumes are returned to university for reuse of materials Fashion Design Old Costumes Department Leeds Met Performing Arts

Charity

Local Ballet Classes

Local School Public Set & Costume Student Designers Costume Set’s & Local Ballet Designers Costume’s Classes Charity Student Local School Set & Costume Designers Public Local Ballet Classes

Set’s & Costumes are are Costumes letted out returned to other Ballet to university companies across the for reuse of world materials Sets are Set & C Art Desi Student returned to university Department Set Designers Old Sets Fashion Design for reuse of materials Department Leeds Met Old Costumes Performing Arts Costumes are returned to university Sets are for reuse of materials returned to university

Local School Student

Costumes are returned to university for reuse of materials

Local Ballet Classes

Public Leeds Met Performing Arts Charity

Student

Old Costumes Charity Student

Set & C Desi Set’s & Costumes are for reuse of materials letted out to other Ballet companies across the world Leeds Met Performing Arts Set’s & Old Costumes Costume’s

Public

Public Old Costumes Set’s & Costume’s

Set’s & Costumes are letted out to other Ballet companies across the world Old Sets Old Costumes

Charity

Charity

Student Costume Designers

Student Set Designers

Art Department

Performing Arts Proposal Local School Sets are returned to university for reuse of materials Art Student Department Set Designers Art Department

Costume igners

Student udent Costume Designers Designers

Costume Sets are igners returned Student to university Costume for reuse of materials Set’s & Designers Costume’s

Set’s & Costumes are Sets are Ballet letted out to other toworld university companiesreturned across the Student for reuse of materials Art Department Set Designers Old Sets

Local School

The Proposal is to take advantage of the relationships with the Local Ballet businesses involved with Leeds Met and provide Classes materials and costumes for performances. Our proposal will include the removal Student of students using the northern ballet studios to reduce rental Local School costs and use them in a facility Public of their own. Equipment and costumes Classes Charity used in performances by Northern Ballet and Leeds Met Performing Arts Student are either recycled in Leeds Met in Local School separate faculties or reused by schools, the public or charities.

Public Local Ballet Classes Charity Student Local Ballet

Local Ballet Classes

Student Sets are returned Set’s & Costumes areto university for reuse of materials letted out to other Ballet companies across the world Set’s & Old Sets Costume’s Old Sets

Costume igners & Costumes are d out to other Ballet panies across the world

Public

Charity

Set’s & Costumes are letted out to other Ballet companies across the world Set’s & Costume’s Old Sets

Public

Charity

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98

Unable to repair. Parts to be sold back to manufacturer. Unable to repair. Parts to be sold back to manufacturer.

Maintenance Damaged equipment sent for repair in house or local business.

Maint

Damaged equi repair in house

Music Department Leeds Met Unable to repair. Parts to be sold back to manufacturer. Leeds Met University University

Aud Ren

Photography Department Unable to repair. Parts to be sold back to manufacturer. Unusable items to be sold or donated to local consumer

Phot DamagedRent equi repair in house

Unusable item donated to loc

Unable to Sell. Parts to be reused by manufacturer.

Old Stock Unable to repair. Parts to be sold back to manufacturer. Unable to Sell. Parts to be reused by manufacturer.

Damaged equi Leeds Met repair in house University

Leeds Met University Damaged equ Unusable item repair in house donated to loc

Unable to Sell. Parts to be reused by manufacturer.

Leeds Met item Unusable University donated to loc

Film & Music Existing & Proposed Systems Manufacturers Equipment of Audio Currently items are imported from long distances from manufacturers in Japan, USA, China and Germany.

ce

Maintenance Maintenance

Maintenance

ipment sent for e or local business. Local Business Audio Music Rental Team Department Audio Rental Team

Supplier Located in Stratford upon Avon in the centre of the UK Local Business supplies Leeds Metropolitan with equipment.

nt

Local School Items loaned to students and Items loaned to students and returned to rental teams returned to rental teams Maintenance Maintenance Photography Rental Team Student

University

Local School

Photography y Photography Rental Team tipment sent for Department e or local business.

ms to be sold or cal consumer

Maintenance Music Department Old Stock Music Photography Maintenance Department Department

Maintenance Audio Rental Team

Public

ipment sent for e or local business.

Purchasing team buys from supplier and distributes to departments in Photography Student and Music. As well as supplying to the university studios each Local Business department has its own rental Public equipment to team to loan students.

Items loaned to students and Charity returned to rental teams Photography Maintenance Rental Team Rental Team Items loaned to students and returned to rental teams Audio

Local School Charity Local Business Student Local School Public Local Business Student Charity Local School Public

uipment sent for ms to local be sold or e or business. cal consumer

ms to be sold or cal consumer

Photography Department Music Old Stock Department

Photography Rental Team Audio Rental Team Items loaned to students and returned to rental teams

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Existing Site Proposal Proposed site as existing

The existing site is currently been used as access to the adjacent buildings and a congregation space for teachers and students. However, the external spaces are to windy generated by the funnel effect created by the hard surfaces of the architecture making it an uncomfortable space. The proposed site for the Film faculty is currently been used as a car park for CO2 producing vehicles. The site sits on a bridge crossing over the M621 by pass. The site is in prime position for taking advantage of advertising for the University as seen on our proposals facade design. The bridge is used by visitors, students and faculty as a main access into the university. The bridge itself isn’t very aesthetically pleasing and doesn’t represent the university as it should.

Performing Arts Studio Proposal The proposal is to situate the studios and performance halls at Leeds Metropolitans Broadcasting Tower Site. The building sits offset from the surrounding buildings acting as a centre piece to the courtyard. Our proposal creates external and internal pockets of space with the use of the new winter gardens proposed by the Architecture faculty and the siting of our proposal. With strategic planting of vegetation the proposal generates interest and inhabited spaces for all visitors. The building design uses frosted glazing to diffuse the views into the building but leave silhouettes of dancers inside. The facade will also mirror the existing context. The building is shaded in parts by the surrounding architecture except for the south east facade. We have proposed the use of external vertical fins to provide shading for our proposal and the external spaces. The roof of our proposal is also an external platform accessible through the winter gardens at higher level and via vertical circulation. This provides more spaces for students for moments of reflection as well as place of study in the summer months.

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102

Performing Arts Faculty Site Integration The building proposal includes at ground level eating and drinking facilities. 3 new studios on the upper levels for the performing arts faculty and external spaces on the roof and surrounding locations for breaks. The building gives space between itself and the existing buildings to not upset existing lighting and ventilation systems.

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Film Faculty Proposal The new proposal regenerates the existing access to broadcasting tower. The ground level of the proposal acts as a sheltered access with stop off points to a new university shop for Leeds Met merchandise as our proposal is sited on one of the main routes to the university. The site suffers from bad wind conditions and noise. As part of the design we have included strategic barriers to reduce pollution to a level suitable for users. The site location is in prime position for motorists passing under the bridge and viewing up at our proposal. Our design includes a digital facade for Leeds Met branding and/or local business advertisements. The proposal includes all amenities used previously in the ‘Electric Press’ building and ‘Factory 4’ workshop by the Film faculty. The building will have outgoing costs less then previously and also help finance itself with advertisements and renewable energy generators like solar panels.

Site Integration The proposal acts as a gateway to Leeds Metropolitan University through one of its busiest routes into the city of Leeds. This will be at high eco-efficient standards to reduce the usage of this faculty 147,470kWh a year.

105

106

Site as Proposed Faculty of Performing Arts & Film as proposed.

Site Section Faculty of Film

107

108

109

110 Art, Architecture & Design Computing & Creative Tech Film, Music & Performance

— Health & Wellbeing Sports Business & Law

eeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

City Campus

culties

1

Architecture, Art & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation

2

The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the seperate

Film, Music & Performing Arts

3

Health & Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade,

4

Business & Law

The business and law proposa involves using a digital campus t eliminate paper wastage an optimising room space through digital faculty system. Additiona features include a solar array an

Contents 1. intro 2. Use and energy saving 3. products Used 4. Closed Loop of Waste 5. environmental strategies within design 6. retrofit of portland Building 7. technologies Within design 8. retrofit of Queen square House 9. Micro Masterplan 10. design outcome

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112

Health and Wellbeing Health and Wellbeing occupies areas in two buildings, the Portland Building and Queen Square House. The institute for Health and Wellbeing undertakes research into the health status of individuals and communities such as healthy communities and biomedicine. Our aim is to retrofit the existing Portland Building and Queens Square House to create a zero carbon campus. There are roughly 2500 students in the Health and Wellbeing department on average every person throws away seven and a half times their body weight each year. Which would account to 18,750 Kg of waste a year. The faculty also uses 1,347,530 kWh on average every year which could be sufficiently lowered. To reduce the overall energy use of Health and Well Being, we first introduce small changes such as motion sensor lighting, all equipment shut off time, increase occupancy efficiency and encourage multipurpose use of space.

02 3 6 4 2 9 1 3 4 7 5 3 0 kwh 2 4 5 8 6 4 1

Waste

Waste

Portland Building

Queens Square House

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114

space utilisation average utilisation 2012 Highest room Utilised Lowest room Utilised

rooms to improve 29.04% 47.69%

Queens square house 39.1% average Utilisation of Queens square House 2012 to improve spread the use throughout the building rather than high use of one room.

47.69%

portland building 29.6% average Utilisation of portland Building 2012

to utilise the space appropriately movable partitions have been implemented which allows rooms with larger use to adapt to there space and rooms with least use like 212 to share space with 210.

7.56% 56.28%

potential savings potential water saved using rainwater Collection 1900 m2 surface area saves 54,957L per year

potential energy saved using only solar panels 2025 m2 area of solar panels saves 68,850wh

115

Health and Wellbeing: Usage and Waste

116

Health and Wellbeing: Usage and Waste

Health and Wellbeing: Usage and Waste

Computer Programmes For Therapy Treatments

Computer Programmes For Therapy Treatments

Computer Programmes For Therapy Treatments

Manufacturer

Physical Equipment Laboratory Equipment Laboratory Equipment Essential General Our Closed Loop StrategyOur Closed Loop Strate

Sterilized Manufacturer

Product Source

Textile Manufacturer Glass Manufacturer

Gas

Scottish and Southern Energy Plc

Eggborough Power Station

Reprographics Company Cartridge World Crossgate

74% of the trees used for Uk’s paper is grown in the uk

Source Sustainable Source Forest Sustainable Forest Source Sustainable Forest

Recycling Glass save 315Kg of CO2 per Recycling Tonne Glass save 315Kg of CO2 per Tonne

Computer Programmes For Therapy Treatments

Computer Programmes For Therapy Treatments

egy

Products Needed

Disposable

Disinfected Using Autoclave Restricted Disposal Re-Usable

Laboratory Lecture Rooms Lecture Rooms Laboratory

Kitchen Stationary Ink Cartridges Staff Forms Student Handouts

117

118

Generated Generated Heat and Heat and Electricity Electricity

Bio gas

Bio gas Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion

Commercial Commercial Soil Improvement Compost Fertiliser Soil Improvement Compost Fertiliser PG Slag for construction Industry - PG Slag for- construction Industry - Synthetic Gas - Synthetic Gas - Heavy forms inert solids - Heavy Metal forms Metal inert solids with Biochem Treated with Treated Biochem waste (incinerated or waste (incinerated or Plasma Gasification) Plasma Gasification)

Health and Well Being Campus

70% Less energy 70% Less is used energy to make is used recycled to make paper recycled paper

Recyclable (Use grass cuttings to improve Bio gas yield)

Biological Waste

Sorting plant on site

1/3 of all food is wasted Methane gas can be collected and used for energy.

Non-recyclables

Approximately 60% Methane & 40% CO2. Generally less than 1% ‘non-methane organic compounds’ including: mercury, tritium, bezene, toluene, chloroform, vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride.

Textiles Aerosolized

Glass

Biocontaminated

Waste

Emissions

Biochemical/ Medical

Soiled dressings, Sharps

Heat/Energy

Dioxins (inc.CO2) Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury), Health Pollutants.

Greenhouse gases including CO2; Particulate Matter; Radioactive Trace Elements; Coal Ash; Mercury.

Broken Products/ Plastics Bleached 5-10 times before landfill Unbleached 10-20 times before landfill

Separate Unrefined plastic PET Recycled PET to RPET refinement RPET compounding Ink cartridge sent back to customer

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120

environmental strategies in our design plasma Gasification Waste Heat electricity recyclable non-recyclable

For Health and Well Being department this would produce 112,500 Kw per year.

Recyclables

Gas the plasma Gasification process converts municipal solid waste and other organic and inorganic feedstock into marketable energy and vitrified by-products. Minimal emission plasma Gasification facilities are environmentally friendly and can be profitable through the sale of the energy in the form of syn-gas, biofuels, steam, or electricity; and the sale of the slag when processed as road aggregate, bricks and tile or rock wool.

Biological Waste Plasma Anaerobic Digestion

GasiďŹ cation

Heat,Electricity and Gas Production

Retrofit of Portland Building

The Portland building is used by lots of different faculties. However, it is dated and does not use its orientation to its advantage. A double skin facade and altered layout will improve

the circulation and the ventilation and heating systems. This coupled with the introduction of new power generating technologies will vastly improve performance.

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Existing Building Portland Building is used by many departments, the Health and Wellbeing department use around four floors. The existing Southern facade is constructed using a coated glass which is designed to block solar gain and make the rooms within the building comfortable. Not only is this unsuccessful but it is also a waste of the solar energy which could be used for power generation. The main circulation space in the Portland building is along a central corridor. This corridor provides access to rooms on both sides of the building and thus receives no natural light or ventilation. The building also has no communal spaces on the upper levels meaning it feels enclosed. Further to not utilising the southern facade for power generation, the building also has a large roof area that could be used to harvest rainwater, but is not.

Proposed Design A roof area has the potential for large amounts or rainwater harvesting. Passive ventilation is created by splitting the two sides of the building and using the central circulation space and the newly created Southern circulation space to achieve PSV. The northern facade will in- corporate a double skin facade with full height glazed units to facilitate as much natural light into the offices as possible. There will also be areas of adjustable vents to allow for cross ventilation. The Southern facade will have a double skin facade that incorporates a new area of circulation space on each floor along with balancing the internal conditions of the building and generating power. This will be done by installing adjustable PV Louvres on the external skin that will both shade the internal areas and provide power. There will also be balconies within this facade to create communal outdoor spaces at each level.

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technologies of our design rainwater harvesting rainwater harvesting simply collects the rain which fall onto roofs, then stores it in a tank until required for use. the water can be used for watering planting and flushing toilets.

solar panel/louvres Combines the functions of solar shading with the generation of electrical power passive Ventilation passive stack ventilation (psV) is the most effective natural ventilation strategy as it uses a combination of cross ventilation, buoyancy (warm air rising) and the venturi (wind passing over the terminals causing suction) effect.

retrofit of Queens square house

Queen square House is a simple brick structure which is used mostly as an office space for the Health and Wellbeing department. We aim to improve the quality within the building with minimal adaptations of the structure and improving the environmental strategies.

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existing building the exiting issues with the internal environment are in the two main lecture rooms which face south west. the rooms are extremely warm with poor ventilation, there is too much light especially during presentations and there is a lack of communal area, which makes circulation of the building impractical.

Proposed Design In the existing circulation space a ventilated roof light will be added, to provide natural light and PSV. The Southern facade will be double skin facade that incorporates a new area of circulation space on each floor or along with balancing the internal conditions of the building and creating a communal area for meeting. The new facade will also allow for natural ventilation. The existing pitched roof will be utilised for power generation by using PV panels.

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masterplan 1

2 4

3

5

1 2 3 4 5

Leeds sustainable Forest portland Building Queens square House plasma Gasification recycling - sorting Centre 2 4 3

1

Waste Heat electricity recyclable non-recyclable paper Waste paper in conclusion our zero carbon campus would be idealistic but in the tough economic times if just the rainwater collection, pV panels and improved utilisation of space were implemented the university would soon reap the rewards. if plasma Gasification was used the produce could potentially be 1,189,350Kwh a year.

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132 Art, Architecture & Design Computing & Creative Tech Film, Music & Performance Health & Wellbeing

— Sports

Business & Law Leeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan Headingley Campus

2

1

Faculties

1

Sports

2

The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modiďŹ es internal environment making the spaces useable in all seasons and conditions.

The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to differing solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation.

Computing

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Frequency of use and occupancy 3. Atrium model 4. Response to atrium micro-climates 5. Responsive facades: Solar 6. Responsive vegetation management 7. Responsive facades: Wind 8. Response to location and micro-climate 9. Responsive facade build up 10. Heat Recovery Ventilation System 11. Additional sustainable energy production 12. Rain water collection 13. Gravity fed micro hydro-electric system

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Carnegie Faculty of Sport Carnegie Faculty, or, the faculty of sport has a proud tradition that has developed over the last century from what was the original Carnegie College, which was based on what is now the Headingley Campus. The Faculty consists of approximately 3000 Students studying a wide variety of disciplines, and taught across a number of locations through out the campus. The Faculty also provides top of the range learning and practical facilities including wide variety of labatories, gym facilities to regional and olympic standard, nationally recognised coaching excellence as well as the Carnegie Research Institute. The CRI provides the structure through which a diverse range of knowledge is generated from our research and disseminated locally, nationally and internationally.

1 00 7 4 2 9 2 1 9 8 5 3 0 kwh 3 2 09 6 4 1

the sports Faculty is spread across a number of buildings within the Headingley campus and the majority of its buildings use what was once the Carnegie College. due to this a key focus of the chapter will be to resolve the current problems caused in relation to Frequency of use and occupancy intensity, energy consumption and efficiency of resources. timetable Calculations: Frequency - 59% occupancy 37% existing energy Consumption: electricity 22 million kw/h (annual avg.) Gas 20 million kw/h (annual avg.) base energy use - 80% aim to reduce to 40% with the introduction of other sustainable resources and technologies u-values Current U-values of traditionally constructed buildings 1.8 wm2/k introduce a modular construction to existing buildings to reduce U-values and improve efficiency and internal climate.

1.8 wm2/k

< 0.5 wm2/k

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Frequency of use and occupancy From initial research and the collection of primary data it was clear to see that there is a high percentage of facilities with in the faculty of sports that are not being used to their potential frequency and occupancy. From studying timetables of the faculty facilities, most specifically, office and teaching spaces there is a low output of usage for many rooms and when they are in use the occupancy is also of a low percentage. the following diagrams show an over view of how use of buildings changes through out the day and when facilities become redundant.

Between 6-8am the majority of the facilities in use are offices and reception areas within these buildings due to seminars, classes and lectures having not started. this results in a low occupancy spread across a variety of buildings increase the energy output of the faculty.

From 8-12pm all facilities are now in use, as this is during the peak hours of teaching. the frequency of use of rooms increase and occupancy grows, therefore the facilities become more efficient.

12-4pm is again during peak hours and therefore the potential use of each space is at its limit for the majority of this time, slightly decreasing in frequency intensity towards the later.

Between 4-6 pm both office and student facilities are in use however both have seriously decreased in frequency of use and occupancy due to less classes at this time and smaller groups of students. also staff are beginning to finish their day and therefore offices also decrease in occupancy levels. some rooms and spaces will begin to become redundant and efficiency of energy consumption across the faculty is dramatically reduced. From 6pm and onwards the majority of teaching has ended and most staff have finished their day. However some areas will still be in use by both, but at very low frequency and occupancy and spread across a wide selections of rooms and spaces. this is where energy loss occurs at its highest and in the ideal case one hub building would be most beneficial.

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atrium model in reaction to studying the use and occupation across the faculty of sports the campus runs incredibly inefficient during off peak times contributing to a large waste of energy and therefore cost. during times where areas are still in use but at a low frequency and with a reduction in occupancy it would be of great benefit to have one space and therefore allowing other areas across the site to be shut down, saving energy consumption. this new space would run more efficiently. Warm stale air Cold fresh air incoming solar radiation transpiration solar absorption

the atrium would provide better circulation, extraction and ventilation of clean and stale air using the stack effect. Vegetation within the atrium would act as climate control, absorbing solar radiation and emmiting it in the form of heat when necessary, consuming C02 and releasing 02 which would improve the air quality and in turn health and well being, a more pleasant appearance is a pyscological benefit to users.

a Green atrium as an addition to existing buildings would provide a meeting, waiting, common area during the day and combined learning, teaching, office space during the late evening. students and staff from other facilities would accumulate here therefore fulfilling the occupancy and allowing the building to run more efficiently and the then redundant buildings and spaces could be shut down preventing energy wastage. it would also provide a much cleaner and healthier work and social facility improving living quality.

o2 Co2 north light prevailing wind

the atrium concept would then be used as a scheme through out the whole campus. it would be a model that could be applied to all campus buildings with the same layout and would adapt dependant on the specific micro climate of that building. for example factors such as wind, rain, orientation, sunlight and north light would inform the design of the individual atrium to maximise its potential.

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Atrium model At ground floor level the atrium will provide a central meeting space and waiting area for students and staff. In the case of the atrium to the rear of Carnegie hall it will also connect directly to the existing Carnegie reception for ease of access to adjacent facilities. During hours of low occupancy it will provide a hub for the faculty where people are able to occupy the spaces in high numbers and therefore increasing efficiency and reducing energy costs of other buildings. Out of hours the adaptable spaces could be opened up and used for external conferences/lectures. The ground floor will be used for teaching facilities.

Carnegie Hall Proposed Ground Floor Plan

At 1st floor level will be offices, and those removed from the ground floor will be relocated here. The idea throughout the whole building is to keep mainly the structural layout of the existing buildings and remove internal partitions. This increases the usability of each space and also improves its environment. More air is able to circulate and an increase in natural light will occur. These spaces will also be able to be occupied by more staff at one time. An eating could also be incorporated into this floor.

Carnegie Hall Proposed 1st Floor Plan

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Atrium model The 2nd floor will again be office space as to maintain the existing use. This will follow the same principals as the 1st floor. Due to the construction of these buildings, and the increase in potential use, a new source of energy will be required to provide not only what is already consumed but what could potentially be consumed. Sustainable and renewable energy could be created from the gym facilities to provide this.

Carnegie Hall Proposed 2nd Floor Plan

where?

Location of proposed atrium model the model is designed to be located as an addition all campus buildings with the same foot print as that of Carnegie Hall and as illustrated previously. these atriums will provide additional space for other faculties as well as energy saving, efficiency and health benefits. other faculties for example Computing and Creative tech have a high frequency of use and therefore require additional space to reduce their occupancy and spread their timetable more effectively. this would provide them with that capability.

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Responsive Facades : Solar Adhering to the Atrium Module design and in response to their specific micro climate a serous of self supported facades would be used to benefit from that particular Atriumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aspect and outlook and to improve conditions and efficiency of energy use and consumption. The solar facade can operate as a curtain wall which would be sitting away from the building on an independent frame. Fibre glass coated triangles partly covered with photo voltaic panels, and would be able to open and close. The panels would be able to completely close or open to control the amount of the sun light entering the building. The facade can be connected with the local weather forecast and would respond accordingly, and control the amount of heat and sun ray getting into the building. The surface of the panels are partly covered with photo voltaic panels and concave mirrors to concentrate the sun radiation and collect more energy on a smaller surfaces. Each 1m2 of photo voltaic panels can produce 150 watts.

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Responsive Vegetation Management In response to providing facades across the campus that will improve the solar conditions of buildings there are also a variety of other buildings that suffer from a good source of natural light due to the location of large tress within close proximity. Although these provide great shading during periods of high intensity solar gain therefore preventing over heating especially in summer months, they also block out vital natural light during mornings and evenings.

By controlling the spread of these trees we can increase potential daylight during mornings and evenings during times of less intense light, and also increase natural heating up of spaces. but also we intercept high intensity light and heat when the sun is at its hottest and highest which could potentially create an uncomfortable working environment.

location?

the illustrated trees prevent natural sunlight from penetrating the internal spaces of buildings.

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responsive Facade : wind Utilising horizontal axis wind turbines (HaWt) on the north or east facing facades enables us to benefit from the prevailing, larger body of wind, hitting the surface with one axis, this will create a bigger moment in the axis and this will enable the turbine to have a lower cut-in wind speed. the advantages and disadvantages of a (HaWt): 65% of the turbines manufactured are (HaWt) -they are efficient -proven product -widely used cab cope both with buffering and change of the wind direction lifetime: 25 yrs maintenance: -spy joist: 3-5 yrs -brushes and slip rings: 5-6 yrs -shaft seals: 5 yrs material -glass reinforced nylon 1 m/s =2 knots / 2.2 mpr wind speed 4.7 mph 7.4 mph 22.4 mph rpm 30 200 600 400-12v 0.1a 0.5a 14 400-24v 0.1a 0.3a 8.3a

wind integrated facade: the blades can be coated with titanium dioxide know as tio2 which is a photocatalyst and can be used in the oxidation process to improve the air quality, the coating interacts with ultra violets to break down the polluting particles in the air.

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Response to Location and Micro-climate

Responsive facade

Glazed frontage with timber cladding roof

Responsive facade

glazed frontage with timber cladding roof, controling the amount of sunshine

Responsive facade build up

Facade framework Responsive facade

Water storage tanks

Glazed atrium Steel frame

Curtain glaze wall

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Heat Recovery Ventilation System Heating, cooling and ventilation play an important part in creating a comfortable, inhabitable, working environment. It is noticeable that facilities within the faculty, in particular the fitness suites lack these key elements. Gym and shower facilities produces a large amount of heat energy and stale air. Currently there are no forms of adequate ventilation or cooling in these areas and therefore this needs to be addressed. A HRVS can extract the hot stale air from these areas and use that heat energy to warm incoming fresh air. Fresh air extracted from the outside can also bypass the system and be pumped directly into the overheated area, therefore in the case of the gym preventing windows from being opened which would result in a dramatic loss of heat energy.

Where will it be used?

This clean source of air that has been heated using the energy extracted from facilities such as gyms and shower/wash rooms can be used in other areas to provide heating and a source of clean air. The building characteristics and nature of how some of the facilities are used, particularly during winter months, within the faculty mean that spaces can become very uncomfortable and unpleasant to inhabit. Office spaces for example can become very cold during winter months due to their lack of efficient heat source accompanied by poor insulation as a result of their aging construction. Single glazing encourages added heat loss and lack of ventilation other than the opening of windows, increasing this, creates an abundance of stale air. As illustrated in the diagrams it is spaces like these that would greatly benefit from the HRVS and heat energy re-used from the fitness suite facilities.

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Additional, sustainable energy production Green Gym Reproducing energy from gym equipment: uses energy from cardio machines to produce energy with the so called the Re-Rev system. This system produces energy based on someone working kinetically and producing power, the produced energy will go to an INVERTOR box called Re-Rev. when it goes to the box it will be inverted to usable electricity that will be put back in the facility directly. Each 50 watts made can prevent 12 l of co2, taking the 25000 watts/day we would be able to produce 6000 l less. extreme case: 70kg person running 3 miles, 16mph producing 500watts/hr general case: 100 watts/hr for 8 hrs; 100watts at 70% efficiency = 560 watts/hr uptimizing to 12 hrs = 840 watts/hr 30 treadmills; 25.000 watts/hr 1000w = 1 kw 100w= 0.1 kw 100w x 10 hr =1 kw 25 kw = 25(100w lamps for 10hrs) 1 laptop=45w/hr 25kw=560hrs/laptop

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rain water collection the buildings associated with the faculty of sports provide a large area of roof. this facility should be used to harness collection of rainwater that could be re-cycled and reused as grey water, or to create a potential energy source to be used within the faculty and across the campus.

55 ml / m2 rainfall per year 4,000 m2 roofs 21,370 lt per year (60 lt a day) Facility estimation Guidelines school â&#x20AC;&#x201C; day school (with cafeteria, showers, gym) / 68 lt per student 3000 students aprox. (sport campus) office buildings (without cafeteria)/ 113 lt per employee 400 employees (sports campus)

How will it be used?

Gravity Fed Micro Hydro-electric Power Rain water collected from roofs across the Headingley campus would be used to produce energy using Gravity Fed Micro Hydro-electric Power. This could in turn be used to provide energy for not only the faculty of sports and the Headingley campus, but potentially could 48,190kWh per year.

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160 Art, Architecture & Design Computing & Creative Tech Film, Music & Performance Health & Wellbeing Sports

- Business & Law

Leeds Metropolitan Carbon Zero Masterplan

City Campu

Faculties

1

Architecture, Art & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation

2

The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the seperate

Film, Music & Performing Arts

3

Health & Well Being The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade,

4

Business & Law

The business and law prop involves using a digital campu eliminate paper wastage optimising room space throug digital faculty system. Additi features include a solar array

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Resources 3. Waste Cycle 4. Paper Cycle 5. Digital Building 6. Digital Faculty 7. Faculty Transport Use 8. CO2 Production 9. Rose Bowl Reuse 10. Outputs

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The remaining building to be used as student and professional practice space will still use a number of office equipment. The energy usage can be reduced by 66% through small changes such as motion sensor lighting, all equipment shut off time, increase occupancy efficiency and encourage multipurpose use of space. This will save the Rose Bowl 950,944 KWh a year.

Annual usage

04 7 3 8 9 6 1 5 8 4 9 0 7 kWh 2 6 9 50 1 8

Introduction The faculty is split across three buildings in the City Campus. The Rose Bowl building completed in 2009 houses the Business School, Cloth Hall Court on Quebec Street accommodates the Law School and 22 Queens Square houses several admin staff. As well as housing the Business Schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lecture theatres, seminar rooms, academic and admin rooms the Rose Bowl also accommodates a 200 space underground campus car park, the Student Hub reception and cafeteria on the ground floor, as well as conference, admin and storage facilities on the upper floors with the Vice Chancellors offices on the top floor. Cloth Hall Court also accommodates a basement carpark with a small cafeteria on the ground floor, along with seminar rooms, a mock court room and lecture theatre on the top floor. Following our research we intend to propose ways to optimise the existing faculties resources, energy and efficiency potential to help create a Zero Carbon Campus.

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Resources Students This year there are 5,077 students enrolled on undergraduate and post graduate courses across the faculty as well as 286 staff. 4,260 students attend the Rose Bowl for lectures, seminars, group and private work with an additional 817 students working from Cloth Hall Court in the city centre. Each student and member of staff contributes to the faculties carbon footprint. Their choice of transport to University, the amount of paper they use and the waste they dispose of effects the size of the footprint. Paper Current policy states that all students submitted work must be retained for a year after each student graduates. This requires staff to store students work for approximately five years in several large archiving rooms. The information submitted is in the form of presentations, reports and essays. The university already has systems in place for this information to be submitted online via the Universities online X-Stream system instead of printed and submitted as a hardcopy. Waste Waste is collected in various general and mixed recycling bins located at various points around the three sites. These are regularly emptied by the Universities CARES team and collected by the Leeds Recycling and Waste Management company. Leeds Recycling have made a zero to land fill commitment, which therefore requires all the waste and recyclables to be sorted and processed so it can be reused. This process is carried out at the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processing plant in Leeds with the new materials recovery facility (MRF). This giant machine mechanically sorts the vast majority of waste and recyclables into the various streams, as the following indicates.

Waste Cycle All waste is currently taken off site and recycled as part of the zero to land fill contract the University has with Leeds Paper Recycling. It is broken down into 15 waste streams mainly by computerised machine. Once each stream is separated it can be baled and transported to local processing plants that can recycle or reuse these elements.

Paper grades are baled and predominantly sent to UK Mills. Some paper grades are sent to animal bedding companies in the UK. Plastics are baled and sent to UK mills for a number of uses including new bottles, piping, crates, fleece jackets/clothing and new plastic packaging products. Metals are sent in bulk to a specialist metal reprocessor which is only 10 miles from the MRF for use in new metal products such as cars, sheet metal and new cans. Glass is bulked and sent for recycling to be used in new glass products such as jars/bottles with some glass used in the aggregate industry for new roads. These sites are within 20 miles of the MRF.

Wood is sent in bulk to a local wood recycler only 3 miles from the MRF for use in new furniture.

Textiles are sent to a local recycler to be further sorted and sent for re use in both the UK and European markets. The site is only 9 miles from the MRF. Carpets are bulked and sent to a local recycler only 1 mile from the MRF for further processing and to be used for animal bedding. Organic/Green Waste is sent to a number of different composting outlets to be used in aerobic and in-vessel composting. These sites are all within 20 miles of the MRF.

Non-recyclable residue is processed at the Main Recycling Facility and sent to York for energy recovery. The site is only 19 miles from the MRF.

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Paper Cycle Output - Bark waste Input - Energy From Burnt Bark

Input - Forest / Timber

Logs Debarked

Timber Chippings / Recycled Pulp

Input - Collected Paper

Paper Pulped

Waste Paper

Output - Paper / Newspapers / Magazines

Paper Printed

Chippings and Pulp Fibres Broken Down

Pulp Fibres Deinked

Output - Print Sludge Used as Fertizler

Paper ďŹ bres can be recycled 5/7 times

Bleaching

Washed pulp sent to mill

Paper can only reused up to 7 times before the fibres become to short for reuse.

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Permanent Power Current Computers Lighting Liquid cooling Supply Security Control Station Water Supply

Digital Building Large amounts of energy are wasted in the heating and lighting of under or unoccupied rooms. Currently according to the Universities Room Use Audit Report 2011/2012 there is only 33% overall utilisation. We therefore propose a digital system that would to be integrated within existing buildings like Cloth Hall Court. The system provides a sustainable solution to energy use within the building controlling staff and students movements. The system will work by controlling the influx of students within each building, directing students to available rooms that are heated and lit, while restricting their access to other rooms that are not heated or lit.

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Digital Faculty The current business course programme is based around a series of lectures and self learning (That includes the use of computers in the social learning spaces in the Rose Bowl and also the computers in the Library). Currently the courses main outputs are paper usage and electricity power used for heating, lighting and computer use etc within the Rose Bowl building. The university is based within the city centre giving many possibilities for accessibility. Currently many of the 4427 students travel in daily. This creates a large amount of CO2 emissions, one way to rid these outputs is by creating a digital system within the university focusing upon the business courses. The diagrams shown, illustrate how the current course is run and what changes can be made to reduce output. A new system provides a stay at home lecture series which would reduce the current CO2 emissions and continue the paperless digital exchange of information. Current Programme

Proposed Programme

Faculty Transport Use

6% 11% 18% 28% 13% 16% 9% 6%

4%

10%

35% 4200 Students 227 Academics

45%

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CO2 Production This diagram shows CO2 emissions from transport

uses to university compared to digital usage. Using the digital system there would be 7373kg of CO2 saved .

CO2 Production This diagram shows CO2 produced by stay at home students (not including heating and power usage)

CO2 5447 kg

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Rose Bowl Reuse The Rose Bowl 4260 students attend the rose bowl for lectures , seminars, group and private work with an additional 817 students working from cloth hall court in the city centre.

Site Plan analysis Glass facade Existing circulation

University Library

Energy Production

orming Arts

3

4 Health & Well The Being Business & Rose Bowl has an existing roof area of

The proposal provides a comfortable The business and la approx 2400m2 and the except for a few environment inside both Portland involves areas in shadow the majority is south facing using a digita Building and Queens Square House, capturing large amounts of sunlight. eliminate paper w improving circulation, ventilation and optimising room spac shading systems by installing Ifsolar digital faculty system PV panels were installed to large areas panels, a double skin facade, of the roof they would have savefeatures faculty include a so rainwater harvesting system and a the opportunity for u approximately 81,600 Wh of electricity. plasma gasiďŹ cation system. now vacant Rosebowl

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Outputs

In conclusion some of our approaches may be too radical for the University to implement at the current time as they require changes to teaching methods, but we felt all the approaches highlighted subjects the University should be considering. The digital campus for instance may seem far-fetched initially but other universities, including the University of Leeds, are already

promoting remotely linked taught courses. It not only seemed appropriate to us to propose this as a solution to reduce the Universities carbon footprint but also in the wider context of business. Integration with technology is ever increasing and this change surely has to be integrated into these courses to prepare the students for the chosen careers. We believe that the other approaches including

Business Pod Street Image Students will have the possibility to have hands on experience with the public within the course. Using a temporary pod system the pods will visit local areas providing free business advice and law advice to the public.

digital time-tabling and the use of renewables could be more easily implemented in the near future. Solar panel technology is rapidly improving the efficiency of panels while also reducing the payback period allowing more frequent use. Digital timetabling will be possible both technically and economically very shortly, the rise in smart phone and tablet use coupled with improvements in Building Management Systems will made this an effective tool in reducing the energy use of buildings through efficient use of the buildings different spaces.

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Acknowledgements

John Evans John EvansAimee Major Aimee Major Susan Thomas Susan Thomas Lawrence Lawrence Ferguson Fergus John JohnEvans Evans Aimee AimeeMajor Major Susan SusanThomas Thomas Lawrence LawrenceFerguson Ferguson Nam NamNguyen Nguyen

Paul PaulHansell Hanse

Rodrigues

Joe Walton Craig CraigStott Stott

Ben Parish

Craig Stott Craig Stott

Des Fagan Des Fagan

Des DesFagan Fagan

Paul Hansell Nam uyen en Nguyen Paul Paul Hansell Hansell

Thomas Lamping Claire Burrell Jack Jack Davey Tono Rodrigues Joe Thomas Lamping Claire Burrell Jack Davey Davey Tono Tono Rodrigues Rodrigues Joe W Thomas Lamping Claire Burrell

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