(RE)INVENTING THE NARRATIVE CLAIRE HOHIMER . STUDIO WHITE . CAL POLY SLO
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Huge thank you to everyone who helped get me to this point and for all the time and care you put into our education, specifically: Stacey White, Mario Esola and my studio parter Niki Blinov!
FIRM PARTNERS LPA Architects Franco Brown Silke Frank Casey Taylor Architects Mandi Rice Rachel Hole BNIM Architects ZGF Architects Lake Flato Architects CAL POLY Amir Hossler Thomas Fowler Tom DeSanto Mark Cabrinha Sandy Stannard Mario Esola Casey Benito
Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Community Overview Chapter 3: Higher Education Chapter 4: Vision and Goals Chapter 5: Campus Master Plan Chapter 6: The Built Environment Chapter 7: In Reflection Bibliography Appendices
CONTENTS
CH 1 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION The California State University is researching into a possible new campus in California. They have narrowed it down to Stockton, Concord, San Mateo, Palm Desert, and Chula Vista. Each of these locations are being considered for multiple different reasons, but all would benefit from the economic growth and job opportunities that would come as a result. Stockton is being considered because of the neglect it received after their bankruptcy, so a CSU in their town would provide economic and societal growth. Concord is being considered due to it’s distance from other Bay Area universities as well as its room for growth. San Mateo is being considered because it can absorb the current community college and create a university for the booming Silicon Valley area. Palm Desert is being considered because of its distance from any other campus, as well as to create the first university in the growing desert area. Lastly, Chula Vista is a contender because of its proximity to the Mexico border as well as its diverse population. There are many different layers that go into choosing a new campus in California. This is a multi-billion dollar investment just in researching to choose a campus. All of these locations are deserving of a campus, the research is to decide which location needs it the most. The main driver for the campus is economics. The addition of the campus will have a positive impact in any location it occupies. The influx of consumers will largely outweigh the construction and hiring costs. It will also create many new jobs that can be filled with residents of the community or even bring people from neighboring towns into the location, further increasing the economy. A large part of choosing the location for a new CSU is also the physical location of the campus in the town itself. Many of these locations are cities that have already expanded. For example, the San Mateo location would be taking over a community college because of the rapid expansion that occurred in the Silicon Valley boom leaving little room for a large scale campus. A city like Chula Vista is very hilly, and the location where the campus would be located in that city would have to adapt and build around the deep canyons that the hills created. Palm Desert has so little rainfall each year, so that creates a large design issue with rainwater collection as well as sourcing from other parts of California. Stockton’s proposed site is on the Stanislaus satellite campus and the park surrounding it and has a boundary with little room for expansion and edge condition concerns with train tracks, a cemetery and houses all lining the edges of the site. Concord has an empty space that their city has been waiting to use for a long time; the old Naval Weapons Base. With the addition of a campus, new retail district, housing, and open wildlife space, it is a strong contender. With all these locations, one of the largest things to consider is how to cater to these cities and give them the campus they desperately need. That was the focus of the double quarter studio.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In order to get the full scope of all 5 locations for a possible CSU campus, the Cal Poly SLO studio of 20 3rd year students were split into groups of 4 each taking on a campus location. After researching the area, the students created a master plan for that campus with their own chosen building type included. After that 6 week period of collaboration and design, the students all decided on a location: Stockton. More extensive research was done by the whole studio on Stockton, then the students divided into partnerships of 2 to work together on a building of their choosing while collectively all working on a master plan for the Stockton campus, keeping in mind all of the challenges and important aspects of the needs of the city.
1
DESIGN PROJECT AND PHASES
The design process of the double quarter studio is a special one, and although it got cut short halfway through, it was memorable. COVID-19 canceled our week long Texas trip, Oregon trip and firm visits, but we still got to visit many campuses during winter quarter. These visits not only helped with our design process, but bonded the studio together. We missed out on a fair amount of the double quarter experience, but we gained many other skills and are now zoom experts.
The double quarter studio schedule had a significant change when COVID-19 hit, and proceeded as the following:
week 1: Regional and Human Scale: Site, Land Use, and the Individual (research) week 2: Future Students + Campus Plans, firm partnerships announced week 3: Planning Options, Project Selection and Early Ideas week 4: Plan Refinement and Building Concepts week 5: Final Plan and Concept Development, firm meeting week 6: Concept Development and Launch Pad week 7-8: Project Narrowing and Combining week 9: Project Development week 10: Project Development, Final Review, firm review week 11: spring break week 12: COVID canceled Texas trip, Cal Poly week 1 spring quart canceled for COVID week 13: Project refinement week 14: Project development week 15: Schematic Design Refinement and Development week 16: Schematic Design review and firm reviews week 17-21: Project development week 22: Final Review, Best of show week 23: Last week, final portfolio
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CH 2 COMMUNITY OVERVIEW CONCORD
Concord is located in the California Bay Area just North of Walnut Creek and South of Port Chicago. Concord was grew largely in part to the naval weapons base and its proximity to the port. The location of the proposed campus takes up a portion of the old naval weapons base that is finally being reused. In 2017, Concord, CA had a population of 128k people with a median age of 38.2 and a median household income of $76,500. The population of Concord, CA is 49.6% White Alone, 30.6% Hispanic or Latino, and 11.1% Asian Alone. 85.4% are U.S.citizens. The median property value in Concord, CA was $461,700 in 2017, which is 2.01 times larger than the national average. The homeownership rate in Concord, CA is 59.5%, which is lower than the national average.
DEMOGRAPHICS AND ECONOMICS
The economy of Concord, CA employs 63.4k people. The largest industries in Concord, CA are Retail Trade, Health Care & Social Assistance, and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services, and the highest paying industries are Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction, Utilities, and Information. Most students graduating from Universities in Concord, CA are White (48.6%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (29.2%), Asian (15.3%), and Black or African American (5.56%). The most popular majors in Concord, CA are Dental Assisting (17 and 23.6%), General Administrative Assistant & Secretarial Science (16 and 22.2%), and Medical Assistant (14 and 19.4%). However, these are all smaller colleges that the students are graduating from, so a new CSU campus would provide higher paying majors such as engineering, medical or business. The demand for a full scale university with an abundance of K-12 schools in the area.
2
CLIMATE DATA
Concord has a very temperate climate, similar to the rest of the Bay Area, with hot summers and relatively cold winters. Rainfall happens from November to April with an average of 16 in per year which is just above the California average rainfall. However, the wind can get strong from the Pacific ocean as well as the nearby bay. Strategies used to battle these climate issues are shading devices, passive heating and cooling and high thermal mass.
CONCORD, CA PASSIVE STRATEGY AND CLIMATE
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 50 BTU/lb
AIR QUALITY
0.03
45 BTU/lb
40 BTU/lb
0.025
35 BTU/lb
0.02 30 BTU/lb
0.015
25 BTU/lb
hours 150.00<
20 BTU/lb
135.00 0.01
120.00
15 BTU/lb
105.00 90.00 10 BTU/lb
75.00 0.005
5 BTU/lb
60.00 45.00
0 BTU/lb
30.00 15.00
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< 0.00
Five Passive Design Strategies: 16.5% 12.2% 6.3% 39.9% 13.4%
Sun Shading of Windows (1443h) Two-Stage Evaporative Cooling (1067h) Natural Ventilation Cooling (551h) Internal Heat Gain (3493h) Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (1170h)
WINDROSE
PRECIPITATION CHART
SUN PATH CHART N
N
mph
330
F 30
82,94<
28.86<
78,94
25.97
60
300
74,95
23.09
70.95
20.20
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W
17.31
66.96 W
E
14.43
58.96
11.54 8.66
54.97 240
120
210
150 S
S
< 0.00
50.97 46.98
5.77 2.89
62,96
<42.98
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COMMUNITY OVERVIEW STOCKTON
HISTORY
The city of Stockton is located in the California Central Valley on the San Joaquin River. It was established in 1849 during the gold rush and has grown since then with its main focus being manufacturing, healthcare and retail. In 2012, Stockton filed what was at the time the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history. Stockton has many historical landmarks including one on the proposed site.
STOCKTON NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES CLAIRE HOHIMER & NIKI BLINOV Stockton Savings and Loan was the largest thrift failure and the federal government’s costliest resolution during the savings and loan crisis at an estimated cost of $5.4 billion. The thrift was founded in 1922 as State Savings & Loan Association in Stockton. It was owned by Irvine, California based Financial Corporation of America (FCA). The thrift experienced rapid growth in the 1970s and early 1980s. A $468 million loss in 1987 left the thrift technically insolvent.[5] American Savings was placed in receivership in September 1988. FCA filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy the next day. After being taken over by many other banks, it eventually was aquired by JP Morgan Bank after failing in 2008.
Fox California Theater, renamed the Bob Hope Theatre in 2004, is a commercial building built in 1930. The theater opened on October 14, 1930, showing Spencer Tracy in Up the River. Approximately 20,000 people attended the opening celebration The site originally hosted T&D Photoplay, the first theater in Stockton. Restoration of the Fox California Theater was partially funded by Alex G. Spanos.
The Benjamin Holt House was built in 1869. The home was built for Benjamin Holt, a business man whose family-held companies would eventually merge to form the Caterpillar Tractor Company, by his father-in-law, Benjamin Brown.The house is a two-story, Colonial Revival, wood-frame structure, that has had numerous additions since it was first built. A garage was added in 1904 to house the family’s new car. Part of the property has served as Boy Scout Headquarters — Forty Niner Council, including in 1980.
The Hotel Stockton is a Mission Revival Style building. The hotel, which opened in 1910, was designed as a grand hotel with 252 rooms and became popular among visitors to Stockton, especially traveling entertainers. In 1912, the City of Stockton moved its City Hall into the hotel, where it remained until 1926. The building’s role in local government ultimately outlasted its role as a hotel; when the hotel closed for business in 1960, the county courthouse relocated to the building for the next four years while a new courthouse was built. The building served yet another branch of government in 1976, when San Joaquin County purchased the building as office space for its Public Administration Department.
El Dorado Elementary School, now known as Stockton School for Adults, is a public school building in Stockton, California. Built in 1916, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It was designated a Stockton Historic Landmark by resolution number 34,306 on July 11, 1977
Moses Rodgers was an African American mining engineer who became well-known during the California Gold Rush for his success with the gold mines he owned and operated in Mariposa County. He moved his family to Stockton about 1890 to take advantage of education opportunities for his five daughters.
The Elks Building in Stockton, California is a 5-story U-shaped Chicago style/Commercial Style building built during 1906-08. Located at the corner of Sutter and Weber Streets, it has a copper cornice over those two streets. it is built from steel and concrete on the first two floors, although from there up has timber framing with two-foot thick brick masonry exterior walls.
The Nippon Hospital is a historic hospital building in Stockton, California. The hospital, which was built in 1919, served the Japanese community in Stockton, which at the time had one of the largest Japanese populations in the United States. Tokutaro Matsumoto, a farmer from the area, sponsored the hospital, which was proposed by a local Japanese community association. The hospital operated until 1930, when it became a hotel. The building is the only surviving structure from Stockton’s early Japanese community.
Weber Primary School This school building was named after Capt. Charles M. Weber, founder of Stockton, who donated land for many early schools. May 12, 1873 was dedication day and classes have continued to date. The red brick architecture is representative of the type of building once prevalent throughout Stockton that inspired a long forgotten nickname “The Brick City.” This structure is the oldest brick building in the city retaining its original appearance.
Stockton is well known for its filing for bankruptcy in 2012. At the time, it was the largest city to file for bankruptcy in the US. It was largely the result of the 2008 recession and the burst of the housing bubble. This bankruptcy took a large hit on the community of Stockton, the poverty level lowered and crime increased. Many residents of Stockton donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel as if itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a safe place to live. However, after exiting bankruptcy in 2015, Stockton is steadily recovering and is in a good spot now. They recently elected Mayor Michael Tubbs in 2017. Tubbs was born and raised in Stockton with big goals for the community, including the newest CSU. The community also trusts him. In 2018, Stockton, CA had a population of 311k people with a median age of 32.8 and a median household income of $54,297.
ECONOMICS
The median property value in Stockton, CA was $299,800 in 2018, which is 1.31 times larger than the national average. The homeownership rate in Stockton, CA is 44.1%, which is lower than the national average. People in Stockton, CA have an average commute time of 33.7 minutes, and they commute alone. The economy of Stockton, CA employs 129k people. The largest industries in Stockton, CA are Retail Trade, Health Care & Social Assistance, and Manufacturing, and the highest paying industries are Utilities, Public Administration, and Finance & Insurance. Median household income in Stockton, CA is $54,297. Males in Stockton, CA have an average income that is 1.26 times higher than the average income of females, which is $62,298. The income inequality in Stockton, CA is 0.499, which is higher the national average.
2
Stockton is known for being one of the most diverse cities in America. The population of Stockton, CA is 42.2% Hispanic or Latino, 21.9% Asian Alone, and 19.3% White Alone. 86.8% of the population are U.S. citizens.
DEMOGRAPHICS
The largest universities in Stockton, CA are San Joaquin Delta College, University of the Pacific, and Teachers College of San Joaquin. The median property value in Stockton, CA is $299,800, and the homeownership rate is 44.1%. Most people in Stockton, CA commute alone. The average car ownership in Stockton, CA is 2 cars per household.
2
CLIMATE DATA
Stockton has a very temperate climate, similar to the rest of the California, with hot summers and relatively cold winters. Rainfall happens from November to April with an average of 17in per year, which is just above the California average rainfall. Strategies used to battle these climate issues are shading devices, passive heating and cooling and high thermal mass.
PLANNING FOR CONNECTION
Large economic and employment boost from placement of a college campus
JOEL FOSTER - RINA FUJITA - CLAIRE HOHIMER - ELIZABETH REED ARCH 352-05 - GROUP 2 - WINTER 2020
“Town-grown” relations are key to success of college towns and the students within the colleges.
Group collaboration is growing as one of the most important skills to have when trying to get a job.
When a college and its town work together to create a positive for the students they will have a better chance of success.
COMMUNITY COLLABORATION
THRESHOLD
Working together allows us to go further on anything, and gives us the ability to answer more complex questions.
Some colleges break this classic form of a threshold and directly integrate the campus with the city; like SDSU and NYU SASAKI ASSOCIATES
Sports stadiums are meant to be used by not only the college students but the surrounding community.
INTEGRATION IDEAL CAMPUS HOK
PROGRAM Outdoor spaces with lawns, benches, and work surfaces are as important to learning as classrooms, labs, and libraries.
HOK’s Philadelphia Masjid for the Sacred Places/Civic Spaces design challenge project transformed a 100-year-old school building into an urban campus that supports faith, humanitarian and community initiatives. They activated underutilized space to strengthen communities.
SUSTAINABILITY
ACCESSIBILITY/ CIRCULATION
HOK
STUDENT FOCUS
Pedestrian, bicycle, and bus transportation should be accessible to students both on-campus and between campus and the neighboring community. SASAKI ASSOCIATES
Spaces between the buildings should be effectively utilized to maximize space for circulation and gathering.
LONGEVITY
ASG
It is important to accommodate for all students and their different needs. There should be spaces where all students can relax/socialize.
School designs should promote good study habits/academic success, equality for students, and a social experience. Architects should collaborate with faculty and students.
Designing for future social, technical or climatic changes, ASG’s The Helmar and Enole Nielsen Center for Visual Arts reflects Eckerd’s motto of “think outside” and accommodates the school’s vision for an open and flexible 21st century art school.
HOK’s LG Science Park in Korea integrates sustainability and durable materials as design drivers such as rainwater harvesting systems and high performance cladding. This creates a healthy space for users to inhabit, in a wholistially sustainable campus rather than a few select buildings.
CH 3 HIGHER ED
Before doing any design on a campus, there was much research to be done on higher education and the goals and outcomes associated with it.
SDSU’s campus is walkable and densely packed. It’s located right next to a freeway and has homes and businesses surrounding it.
Stanford’s campuses was planned out in a grid. The campus is cohesive and easily walkable and accessible.
Pomona College is very walkable with a strong grid structure, has long lasting cultural ties, and has plenty of green space for private and public social gathering.
Lewis and Clark is walkable but has less linear paths and more bridges, has long lasting cultural ties, implements sustainable landscapes, and has plenty of space for private and public social gathering.
The University of Hawaii at Manoa finds balance with natural resources through the incorporation of indigenous systems and structures. Moroever, the campus opens up and lends itself to the surrounding landscape.
The campus for Vienna University of Economics and Business is located in a very urban context. The University creates a dialogue between it and the surrounding buildings.
UCB: This selection was based on the urban layout of older campuses and directly comparing to UCI which is completely different. UCB is also one of the unsafest campuses.
The central park of UCI serves as the nucleus of the campus, with academic units moving outward based on educational attainment most undergraduate schools are in the center, while graduate and professional are located further out.
University of Pennsylvania architectural style consists of primarily neo Gothic architecture. However, there are modern buildings like the nano technology center designed by Weiss Manfredi situated in the neo gothic setting.
The studio did a Nolli Map comparison exercise which enabled us to compare and contrast other universities. There was a range of universities, from ones located in a city, to ivy leagues hundreds of years old. Some of the top universities’ master plans were UCLA, University of Virginia and University of Washington. UCLA for its orthogonal and organized grid layout, University of Virginia for its timeless organization with the large open space in the center, and University of Washington for its main axis. As a studio, we used the precedent campuses as inspiration. With our planning for connection exercise, we came to the conclusion that 4 main themes we wanted to incorporate in our campus were sustainability, accessibility/circulation, threshhold and collaboration. All of these themes and many more are needed in order to have a successful campus, and many work together to do just that. A campus should be student focused, with ties to the community and sustainability and longevity in mind. The Concord team I was a part of also did a ‘Future of Higher Ed’ exercise in order to sort out our priorities when designing a campus. Thinking in the future lens helped us think outside of the norm of universities today.
THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
“Provides an environment in which scholarship, research, creative, artistic, and professional activity are valued and supported.” -CSU Mission Statement
The world of university and higher education is a constantly changing. ‘Today, U.S. colleges and universities enroll more than 20 million students, an increase of 8 million since 1980 largely due to an increase in available graduate programs. Students today are a more diverse group than ever before , however, with the increasing price point and lowering budget of higher education the current landscape of the modern university might be in store for a major shake-up.
HOW MIGHT WE DESIGN FOR A GROWING AND CHANGING CAMPUS? . "More education is happening out in the field through immersive experiences and technology. This will cause campuses to fundamentally rethink their physical assets," says Traci Engel Lesneski, who led the team at Minneapolis architectural firm MSR, which designed the award-winning Visual Culture, Arts and Media (VCAM) building at Haverford College, in Pennsylvania. More and more campuses are leaning towards constructing “flexible” buildings, with an areas that are not singularly designated by traditional programs. With the establishment of common core in K-12 , higher ed is trying to catch up to a new wave of learning. They are less focused on traditional lectures and isolated study and more on blended and online learning and collaboration. According to the New York Times article, “The Innovation Campus: Building Better Ideas,” by Alexandra Lange, innovative campuses are those that try to facilitate a pipeline to the real world. The future of higher education is not a campus that seeks to isolate its students from the community they reside in but to create and extension of the community. Facilitating this major change is not necesarily easy. eas The advent of the online college and increasing budget cuts of public education has made universities increasingly hesitant to spend big money on expansive structures that might be made obsolete in the near future. However, as research and new ideas develop, the future of the college campus lies squarely in its ability to adapt the new climate it finds itself in
Render by Sasaki Architects, https://www.sasaki.com/voices/connecting-the-campus-inside-and-out/
HOW MIGHT WE CREATE AN INCLUSIVE CAMPUS FOR ALL STUDENTS AND CULTURE?
The importance of campus diversity is a mainstream narrative among most institutions of higher education, yet the reasoning behind this importance remains largely understated or unconvincing outside of the academic world. A study by Nicholas Bowman on College Diversity Experiences and Cognitive Development found that found that informal, interpersonal interactions among students of variant races had larger positive effects on cognitive development than interactions among students of different class, gender, and other non-race factors. The Bay Area's population is ethnically diverse: for example, roughly half of the region's residents are Hispanic, Asian, African American, or Pacific Islander, all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region. However, the wealth gap in the geographic area remains considerable, with the top ten percent of income-earners taking home over eleven times as much as the bottom ten percent. In addition to race, class diversity is also an important factor in maintaining a healthy campus environment. In Bowman’s study he also found that socioeconomic diversity does indeed benefit all students and that both racial and socioeconomic integration work in tandem to enhance and optimize outcomes related to racial diversity. diversit
HOW MIGHT WE CONNECT TO THE COMMUNITY OF CONCORD?
No college campus truly exists in the middle of nowhere. There is always a community and outside context the college must connect to in order to create an intergrated experience. There is a balance between isolating the student population from the larger city, or making the campus an integral part of the city. In each case there is a threshold experience that must be crossed, whether its by car, bus, train, or by foot. Each of these methods carry a different experience that must be considered.
Graph of the demographics of University Students (2014)
https://postsecondary.gatesfoundation.org/areas-of-focus/our-policy-advocacy/advocacy-priorities/america-100-college-students/
In the case of Concord, a new California State University campus on the site would include integration with the expansive Concord reuse project. The 5,000 acre former inland Naval Weapons station is zoned to create a new central hub zone for the city of Concord. For the new University, the question aks, how do we integrate into a community in a place that does not yet exist? By working with transportation systems that easily circulate from hubs of population to the campus threshold, we can easily make an inclusive campus that does not stand out from the rest of the city but elevates the conditions of the city of Concord.
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HOW MIGHT WE DESIGN A SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS?
In a world affected by climate change, creating a campus that makes as little environmental impact as possible is not only a priority but a necesity. Colleges and Universities are huge population centers and has a large footprint on the land it sits on. By optiizing daylighting, heating, cooling, and greenspace, campuses can become a place that gives back to the environment rather than takes away from it. California is a national leader in pushing for its construction to be sustainable and by 2030 aims to reduce statewide omissions by 40% as well as all new constructions must produce at least zero-net carbon. By designing the univerity we these goals as the minimum, the campus can not only be sustainable but can also be inspirational. Source: http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/concord-ca-population/
Source: https://www.helena7x7.com/bay-area-demographics/
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CH 4 VISION AND GOALS CONCORD
HOW MIGHT WE...
How might we create a connected, integrated campus for students of all majors and resources? • Interaction between departments • on campus housing (first and second year mandatory) • connection between majors How might we connect the future campus to the surrounding community of Concord? • room for expansion • long life loose fit • campus-community interface How might we foster an inclusive and welcoming campus culture for all? • diversity celebrated on campus • campus traditions/rituals • cohesion with buildings How might we design a campus that follows the California sustainability goals? • locally sourced and environmentally friendly materials • green building design as a constant design driver How might we design for a growing and changing campus? • flexibility with spaces • master plan evolvability • no single use buildings unless necessary How might we create a quick and easy transportation system to and from campus? • safety as top priority • connection to community hub • residential vs commuter campus How might we create a pedestrian friendly campus? • walk-ability • important communal areas placed by heavily trafficked area • variation in size of paths
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VISION AND GOALS STOCKTON
When deciding to put a CSU in Stockton, there are many important common themes we had to keep in mind... Connection to community Growth of community Inviting campus edge Safety on campus Progressive campus climate Net-zero Sustainability at forefront Student success focused environment
COMMON THEMES
4
How might we connect the future of Artificial Intelligence with the local community we are designing within?
HOW MIGHT WE...
This was the main consideration in the design of the Artificial Intelligence Center in CSU Stockton. We wanted to make sure that the building served as an inspiration to the community but not be too far from reach. The driving force of the building is to provide an education to those in the Stockton community who have previously been unable to receive it and prepare them for the future economy and world that they will be living within. Along with that, it will also have a mutually beneficial relationship with the local community and businesses that help each other grow and thrive. The Artificial Intelligence Research Center aims to be a building of the future that combines current practices with adaptability to future uses. It will serve as a research and learning hub, as well as be an artifact of its own discoveries and provide the necessary tool for spreading the knowledge within it. The building will also be part of a larger innovation district and will contribute to the overall goals and experiences within that district. Together with the other buildings, it will be a tool for creation, innovation and integration for the bettering of the Stockton community.
There were community outreach meetings that took place in each of the potential campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; cities we were set to attend, but last minute the government decided these meetings needed to be hush hush. This makes sense, and no matter how bad I wanted to go and hear what a closed door outreach community meeting looks like, I understand and respect their decision to make it private. Community leaders need to have a place to have their voice heard, and that is what outreach is for.
OUTREACH
We did take a studio trip to 3 campuses in February. We visited San Jose State University, Stanford University, and the Stanislaus satellite campus that is on the proposed Stockton site. These trips were crucial in us understanding campuses more. While at the SJSU campus, I was able to look at their Computer Science building which gave me inspiration as well as tips of what not to do. At Stanford, the one I wished I couldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve stayed all day at, my partner and I took a self-guided tour of their Computer Science and Robotics building. We even got to speak with a professor about aspects of the building were lacking and which he felt were crucial, which helped our design tremendously. Finally, the trip to Stockton was also very informative. Seeing the site firsthand and the ability to walk the perimeter was crucial in understanding the site.
CH 5 CAMPUS MASTER PLAN CONCORD
STADIUM
RECREATION CENTER
DINING HALL
BUSINESS CENTER
3D MASTER PLAN
KEY: PRIMARY VEHICLE ROUTE OF CIRCULATION PRIMARY WALKING PATHS ROADS SURROUNDING CAMPUS CAMPUS ENTRY POINTS TRANSIT CENTER
ZONING BORDERS ADJACENT ZONING: PROPOSED MIXED USE PROPOSED MIXED USE/ MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PROPOSED MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PROPOSED LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
2D MASTER PLAN When designing this master plan, we focused on a few key ideas. Main Axis: We drew our inspiration from the University of Washington master plan that had 3 main axis that split up the campus. Our main axis create a separation of the campus that breaks up the housing, sports, education and recreation cores. Single Driving Road: In this plan, we wanted to minimize cars on campus to emphasize walk-ability. The short lane with a roundabout allows the public to enter the campus just enough to get a peak and drop off if needed. The main walking paths are used as service roads. Stadium and Transit Center on edge: The decision to put the stadium at the edge of campus near the freeway was strategic. By having these placed where they are, they minimize sound from the freeway while also creating a focal point to be seen from the freeway that makes the public want to come check out the campus. They are also located along the existing BART line in order to get maximum public visitation. Housing: The housing was spread out in clusters along the bottom half of the master plan. This was done in order to stay away from the freeway, but also to be closer to the residential sector just below the campus. They are also placed in a line along a major axis to have maximum connectivity to the campus. There is also a upperclassman housing cluster at the north east corner placed away from the bustle of main campus, but also placed next to the city park to allow for relaxation and escape.
Open Space: Having plenty of green space and lawns was also crucial in our master plan design. We all love Dexter Lawn on Cal Polyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s campus, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve all taken a nap on it at some point in our time here, so we wanted to create the same experience for the students of Concord. By creating large green open spaces, it also creates the opportunity to expand and add another building or feature to the campus, making sure to stay flexible. Main Core: The center of campus has the most frequented buildings in it on purpose. Directly facing the roundabout is the UU, which is the heart of the campus. Circulating the roundabout is the dining complex, Rec center, Entrepreneurship Center and PAC. This is important to have these parts of the campus all radially coming off of the core of the campus and easily accessible.
CITYWIDE PARKS
Key: Boarder Roads Walking Roads Dining Library Housing Academic Athletic Parking University Union PAC Green Space Transit Administration
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2D MASTER PLAN When designing this master plan as a studio, we focused on a few key ideas. Orthogonal Grid: In this master plan, the consensus was to follow an orthogonal grid pattern in order to fit in with the surrounding neighborhoods that also follow the same grid. This allows for a smoother threshold and entry to campus. Two Driving Roads: In this plan, we wanted to minimize cars on campus to emphasize walk-ability. The two short lanes with roundabouts allows the public to enter the campus just enough to get a peak and drop off if needed. The main walking paths are used as service roads. South Edge: The south edge of the campus is just a few blocks from Stockton’s downtown which makes it prime real estate. Many important buildings line this edge such as the Rec Center, Housing, PAC and Transit Center. These provide a positive welcome to campus. Innovation District: In this campus, there are a few educational buildings that fit into the Innovation District. These include Artificial Intelligence, Climate Science and Data Science. All together in close proximity they create a space where students can collaborate and learn off each other. There is a seamless path connecting all 3 buildings with plenty of communal green space in between.
Open Space: Having plenty of green space and lawns was also crucial in our master plan design. We all love Dexter Lawn on Cal Poly’s campus, we’ve all taken a nap on it at some point in our time here, so we wanted to create the same experience for the students of Stockton. By creating large green open spaces, it also creates the opportunity to expand and add another building or feature to the campus, making sure to stay flexible. There is also the focal point of the lake in the upper center of campus that creates a great communal area. Main Core: The center of campus has the most foot traffic and also has many important buildings. The Commons, Library, and many more academic buildings all radiate off of the central core.
CH 6 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT CONCORD
PROJECT PURPOSE
The new CSU campus in Concord has it all, and now it has a soccer stadium. Sports teams bring in much needed extra revenue for the university and the city it resides in. There is no large scale stadium in the East Bay Area currently, so this stadium, while meant for mainly soccer, could be used for professional sports teams, concerts, and other large scale events. A stadium added on the campus adds to the school spirit and gives the school a team to rally behind. By locating this stadium at the North West corner and having a bridge connecting to the transit center creates a perfect connection to the community. The BART drops community members off just a few hundred feet from the entrance to the stadium. Just to the south of the stadium is a retail and downtown scene where the community could spend time before a game. The stadium is also located a 5 min walk from the center of campus so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a short walk for all students in order to encourage support and maximum attendance. This soccer stadiumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facade is also covered in solar panels, therefore becoming a power source for itself and the rest of the campus. The CSU Concord Soccer Stadium is catalytic to the success of CSU Concord. Go Giraffes!
The Lopez family is on the bart going to the CSU Concord soccer game. As they step out onto the transit center loading deck, they follow the crowd on the bridge connecting the deck and the entrance to the stadium. The kids point off towards the rest of campus in awe, This view always amazes them. As soon as they reach the stadium and step one foot in, they become immersed into the game hype and are overwhelmed with happiness. Later in the second half, the game is tied and tension is high. They can smell the undeniable scent of hot dog coming from the family the row behind as they watch in amazement while their team runs toward the goal. The stadium gets louder and louder after each step the player takes towards goal. Gripping his wifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hand, the father begins to yell as the player takes a shot on goal and .... GOAL!! The family screams and hugs one another and the other groups around them in pure joy. This is a CSU Concord soccer game.
6
WHO IS THIS PROJECT FOR?
STADIUM PROGRAM V1
PROGRAMMING
circulation media box seats food
There isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that many different spaces that goes into a stadium, but arranging them in a way that the user can access the bathroom, concessions and their seat in a strict radius so they didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to search for them was crucial. Creating a space where views are maximized while every spectator is content was the goal.
seats ref locker therapy restrooms storage hallway office locker room showers field
FORM FINDING When experimenting with form, I wanted to create a connection to the campus, community and transit center. The bridges that extend out from the stadium serve as the 3 most important connections. The exterior of the stadium and level of rooftop shading was determined based on optimal sun angles for spectators and players.
SITE PLAN
SECTION
FLOOR PLANS
2nd Floor
This floor is at ground level and is where most of the spectators get to their seats and is a main floor for concessions and merchandise.
Egress Bathroom Retail
1st Floor
This lowest floor is below ground level and is private and meant specifically for players, coaches and referees
Box Seats Dining Office Locker Room Storage
4th Level
The highest floor is the highest seating for spectators, still plenty of concessions and merchandise for fans.
3rd Floor
The 3rd floor is the most populated floor, as it serves as the main entrance to the stadium via the bridges. The box seats are also on this level as well as dine and view restaurants
EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIGNETTES
MASS GLASS MODEL
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT STOCKTON
WHY STOCKTON? By locating the new CSU campus in Stockton, it will foster growth not only economically, but educationally as well. Most people in Stockton who want to get an education either have to commute over an hour to a university, or attend a satellite campus or community college in Stockton. By having this campus, it will encourage and promote a higher rate of college attendees.
WHY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? The driving force of this new building and the University itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s within is to provide an education to those in the Stockton community who have previously been unable to receive it and prepare them for the future economy and world that they will be living within. Along with that, it will have a mutually beneficial relationship with the local community and businesses that help each other grow and advance. The Artificial Intelligence research center aims to be a building of the future which combines current practices with adaptability to future uses. It will serve as a research and learning hub, as well as be an artifact of its own discoveries and provide the necessary tools for spreading the knowledge within it. The building will be part of a larger innovation district and will contribute to the overall goals and experiences within that district. Together with the other buildings, it will be a tool for creation, innovation, and integration.
BLOCK AND STACK One way to figure out how to fit over 100,000 sq-ft of program into a building is a block and stack. In this iteration, we separated spaces by approximate program size and organized by what should go by each other. We ended up with two buildings connected with bridges in the first iteration, but switched to a connecting atrium to further connection and collaboration. Separating the building by AI learning and AI doing helped organize the buildings better. Labs, fishbowls and robotics spaces on the doing side and classrooms and offices on the learning side.
AI PROGRAM OFFICES OFFICES CLASSROOMS CLASSROOMS EGRESS EGRESS CIRCULATION CIRCULATION CORE CORE OUTDOOR OUTDOOR DECKDECK ATRIUM ATRIUM ROBOTICS ROBOTICS SERVER ROOM SERVER ROOM FISHBOWLS FISHBOWLS STORAGE STORAGE LABS LABS
SITE PLAN
When designing the site that surrounds the AI building, communal space was the main driver. With plenty of paths to connect to the rest of the campus, to all the seating to allow for relaxation, this was designed for the human experience. There is also a large path connecting the service road to the robotics lab to allow for large object transfer and unloading.
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The first floor has the most public spaces inhabiting it. The robotics lab, VR lab, and DFAB lab are all on this level. As pointed out, the server room is visible to the public eye and continues on the 3 floors above.
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DOING
LABS/STUDIO
FLOOR 2 FACULTY OFFICES
CLASSROOMS
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COMPUTER LAB
The second floor starts to define the main atrium with a bridge that connects the two sides to each other. The more private spaces begin on this floor with lab and studio spaces, as well as more classrooms and faculty offices.
FLOOR 3 The third floor is nearly identical to the second floor, but with a shrinking atrium and different bridge connecting the two sides. This is also the final floor of the building on the right. There is also an outdoor deck lounge area right above the main entrance.
LABS/STUDIO FACULTY OFFICES
CLASSROOMS
COMPUTER LAB
FLOOR 4
LABS/STUDIO
The 4th floor exists only in one of the buildings, the other is covered in solar panels now. The atrium has shrunk even further now. The lab spaces have grown in size for a collaborative space, and there are more lounge spaces on this top floor.
COMPUTER LAB
SUMMER SUN:
GLULAM AND CLT CONSTRUCTION WINTER SUN:
PASSIVE VENTILATION
RADIANT FLOOR COOLING
POWER SOURCE (CENTRAL PLANT ON
INTEGRATED SECTION
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (75% COVERAGE)
STEEL CLADDING
ALUMINUM CLADDING
VERTICAL SUN SHADES
GREYWATER/STORMWATER SYSTEM & MECHANICAL ROOM
SECTION PERSPECTIVE
INTERIOR ATRIUM This space splits up the building and allows for transparency on both sides and increases connectivity through the bridges.
ROBOTICS LAB This space blends public and private with the sunken robotics lab that only students can access, but the public can view from above.
ATRIUM AND KINETIC FACADE The atrium that connects the two buildings creates a social space, as does the large path that leads up to it. The kinetic facade provides southern sun shading for the interior of the building.
1 SUMMER SUN 79 DEGREES
WINTER SUN 33 DEGREES
LEVEL 5 56’ - 0”
MATERIAL EXPLORATION ACM Panels and Wood Panels
LEVEL 4 42’ - 0”
WOOD PANEL RIGID INSULATION CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER GYPSUM BOARD
LOUVER GLASS
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2 14’ - 0”
2'-0"
These two materials were used as the two main exterior materials. Both are economically feasible, low environmental impact, and fit into the Artificial Intelligence aesthetic.
7'-0" WINDOW OPENING
5'-0"
28’ - 0”
CONCRETE FLOOR WITH RADIANT BEAMS RIGID INSULATION METAL DECKING CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER DROPPED CEILING ACM PANEL
LEVEL 1 0’ - 0”
EXTERIOR CLADDING 3” RIGID INSULATION CLADDING ATTACHMENT 1/2” PLYWOOD SHEATHING
17’-2”
CLT PANEL
FINISH FLOORING
SHADE ATTACHMENT SYSTEM
RADIANT FLOOR
RIGID INSULATION 5 LAYER CLT PANEL
PARAMETRIC SUN SHADES
14'-0"
CEILING
PARAMETRIC SUN SHADES
14'-0"
STANDARD STOREFRONT GLAZING EXTERIOR GLAZING
CONCRETE FOUNDATION
niki blinov’s work
MATERIAL EXPLORATION Kinetic Facade
This facade material was chosen to experiment with kinetic facades that also shade the inside of the building.
ENERGY ANALYSIS
After implementing many strategies, the EUI we got to was 12! From the beginning of the design process, strategies such as louvers, daylighting, ventilation and many more were all considered. Both buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; roof tops are also covered in solar panels, which decreases the energy the building has to take from an outside source. Radiant floor cooling with chilled beams is used as the main system.
CH 7 IN REFLECTION
IN REFLECTION What an unforgettable double quarter experience. We started off split into campuses, and I got to work with an amazing group on making a brand new CSU campus for Concord. As a group, we spent countless hours trying to make sure the master plan was perfect and it was. I then decided to challenge myself and design a stadium for the Concord campus, because why not? I pretty quickly regretted my decision once I realized how complex stadiums really are. But I pushed through and managed to design a stadium in 2 weeks, one of my greatest accomplishments. I will never forget Stacey telling me that she has nightmares about my stadium, don’t worry I have them too. But nothing will compare to a week before review when I had my stadium close to being done, but someone pointed out that it looked a little small... Turns out the measurements I based my model off were in yards not feet so next thing I know I’m rescaling my stadium and now it’s taking up a quarter of the campus. You live and you learn I guess. RIP Claire’s Memorial Stadium. The next part of the quarter was what everyone was looking forward to, partnering up and designing a building for the remainder of the school year! I got the partner I wanted, Niki and I get along well and we were ready to design a building. The studio as a whole decided to condense to one campus site, Stockton. Then, we all argued over who gets what building on the campus, and we got Artificial Intelligence. We were then asked to create our own master plan, and let me tell you that was not easy, at all. 20 people, 10 partnerships all wanting their master plan to be the one chosen. After a day of arguing, a campus master plan for Stockton was produced! We spent the next 3 weeks designing an Artificial Intelligence building from the ground up and ended the quarter with a well developed building that we both knew we were going to completely redo after spring break. That’s when COVID hit.
The whole studio had our flights booked and we were more than ready to spend a week in Austin, Texas and collaborating with Lake Flato Design Studio, but the world had other plans. Next thing we know, Stacey is telling us to take our stuff out of studio because we don’t know when we will be back. After spending a few weeks at home and finding out the rest of the quarter was online, it was a tough blow, but we all worked through it. It definitely is not easy to have studio over zoom. There are some classes that just shouldn’t be online and studio is one of them. The whole studio did the best we could under the circumstances, and I will admit motivation and mental health was very low at some points, but it’s a good thing I had a partner to keep me accountable and get me back on track when I needed to be. We ended up creating a building I am so proud of. These past two quarters I not only learned so much about architecture, but higher education and doing right by a community. Stacey always speaks on loving what you do and doing it with passion and I feel as if I have a piece of that in me now. Even though this new CSU is probably scrapped because of the probable recession we are about to fall into as a state, I am proud of the work we all put in to researching these cities and their needs, then producing a solution that benefits the community. Definitely not a typical experience, but we might have learned more having the quarter go the way it did with COVID -19 moving studio online for spring quarter and having a worldwide racial justice movement to end the quarter. Having to design and work entirely virtually has completely changed the way I view my education and made me appreciate listening to a lecture in an actual classroom with the professor in front of me. I even miss late nights in studio. Grinding for final review alone in my apartment instead of in studio with all my friends just wasn’t the same. But, we got through it, and everything still turned out in the end!
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1 CSU MAP: http://degrees.calstate.edu/campuses CHAPTER 2 Concord plaza: https://www.visitconcordca.com/things-to-do/outdoors-nature/todos-santos-plaza/
Concord and Stockton infographics https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stockton-ca/?compare=concord-ca#economy Stockton photo: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/39899146674266658/
CHAPTER 4 Concord photo: https://www.ktvu.com/news/concord-city-council-considering-pay-cut-amid-covid-19-pandemic Stockton photo: https://californiapolicycenter.org/formerly-bankrupt-stockton-is-fiscally-healthy-again-but-offers-warning-to-others/ Students photo: Staceyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s review board on miro board CHAPTER 6 Fans: https://www.tampabay.com/sports/rays/2019/10/08/rays-fans-overcome-roadblocks-pack-the-trop-for-game-3/ All other photos taken by me
APPENDIX
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ARCH 352 | STUDIO
WHITE | CLAIRE HOHIM
ER | NIKI BLINOV
LEVEL 5 1”= 40’-0”
EXTERIOR SPACES
LEVEL 4 1”= 40’-0”
INTERIOR SPACES
CLASSROOMS
SUPPORT SPACES
COMPUTER LABS
LABS
BRIDGES
PUBLIC SPACES
OFFICES + CONFERENCE
LEVEL 3 1”= 40’-0”
PERFORMANCE
LEVEL 2 1”= 40’-0”
PV: 75% COVERAGE OPERATING SCHEDULE: 12/5 1
DAYLIGHTING/OCCUPANCY CONTROLS
SOUTH-FACING LOUVRES EAST/WEST SHADING DEVICES
TRIPLE-GLAZED WINDOWS R60 ROOF CONSTRUCTION HIGH LIGHTING EFFICIENCY
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SITE PLAN 1”=64’-0” LEVEL 1 1”= 40’-0”
LEVEL 5 64’-0” LEVEL 4 48’-0” LEVEL 3 32’-0” LEVEL 2 16’-0” LEVEL 1 0’-0” LEVEL -1 -16’-0”
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