Kin Design Report by ClaireMLong

Kin 70 Oxford Street

Claire Marie Long - 10976344

Contents. An Intuitive Thought My Concept Design Manifesto Scheduled Of Accommodation News Evidence Site Selection My Case Studies What I Gleaned from My Case Studies Pause for thought Research Brand Design Development - Key points Materiality Plans Section Visuals Bibliography

An Intuitive Thought... I have often wondered if we can have it all. By all, I am encompassing two key elements in most peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily lives, family and work. Can we really have completely stress free home & work lives and more importantly can these elements work seamlessly together? Often I hear people say â&#x20AC;&#x153; I want it all!! a family and a career!!!â&#x20AC;?, but the reality to this dream is far more complex. Today in the United Kingdom working parents face the struggle of the highest childcare costs in Europe. Often they are higher than that of the average mortgage payment. Many parents are both required to work to enable them to provide the necessities. I feel that to enable both stress free home and work lives there needs to be more facilities to support these people, a space which they can utilise together with their children and ultimately help them to achieve it all!!

My Concept ............................ I want to design a space for working parents and their children within the city. The city provides young professionals with a vibrant, exciting, culturally diverse lifestyle and as a result the city centre is a desirable place to live and work. However like most cities in this country, when people start to think about having children they move out to the suburbs. I want to entice these people back to Manchester, as it provides a culturally diverse and inclusive environment to raise their children. Working parents are â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;on the goâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; constantly, my space will provide facilities in which to help them have more free time to spend with their children. The space is for both parents and children and will aim to provide a distraction free environment in which to experience together. I want the space to cultivate an urban tribe of working parents and children. A lot of people do not live close to family therefore that support base is not always there. The urban tribe would provide this support network, parents can converse with others who are going or have gone through the same experiences.

My Project at a Glance .............................. Who: Working parents & their children What: Multi functional & facility space that provides (childcare, laundry, catering , classes) Why: Create urban tribe & help parents relax and enjoy time with their children Where: Inner City

D E S I G N ....................... I want to create a support base & network for working parents in the city. A space for an urban tribe of working parents to flourish. A place which parents and their children can appreciate together. A space that will create a more convenience lifestyle which will enable parents to spend more time with their children. The space will synthesize both functionality and aesthetics, it will need to be practical but also inspiring. A stress and distraction free zone

Schedule of Accommodation Roof garden Staff room, Admin office & Plant room

Schedule of Accomodation

Studio- for classes Indoor Play space Meeting / Quiet Room Restaurant Laundrette Service Storage for shopping Doctors Surgery Pharmacy Post Office Pool

To provide a more convenience lifestyle, the space will contain facilties which will aim to cover the needs and wants of daily life. Focusing in particular on banishing chores in the hope of freeing up time for working parents to spend more quality time with their children. And providing a space which can be used all day everyday.

News

“ I work full time and my daughter is in full time nursery 8 am to 6pm. Life is chaotic. I feel incredibly guilty. We spend our weekends not enjoying our time off but trying to catch up on housework. It is not a life!”- Mother

“Moving families into city centres is difficult, as is keeping them there for the long term.” I agree with this statement to an extent, as there are very few facilities for parents and young children to enjoy together in Manchester. At present there are museums, galleries, play centres and parks. Many working parents do not have the spare time or desire to spend a whole day at a play centre; likewise many children do not want to spend all day at a gallery or a museum. Currently there are no indoor facilities for parents to use with their children all day everyday. They are restricted to outdoor facilities such as parks, and with Manchester’s unpredictable weather this is not always a viable facility to use. There is a great need for facilities that create a middle ground, spaces which appeal to both children and their parents, in order for the parents to want to take their child there time and time again.

Quote requoted from my Dissertation : ‘Manchester: Working Parent and Child Friendly city?’ LARGE quote from Nathan. M, Urwin . C, Champion. T; ‘City People: City Centre Living in the UK’ for IPPR (Centre for Cities : 2005) p.35- quote Stakeholder Interviews Aug-Sept 2005 [ LM,JD,ES,LG] .

Site Selection

St Matthews Sunday School, LiverpoolRoad,Castlefield. Located on Liverpool Street, St Matthews Sunday School is the last remaining feature of St Matthews Church Castlefield. The church was located between Higher and Lower Campfeild Markets and served the local community for 126 years until it was demolished in 1951. The Sunday School provided a space for local children to learn and play whilst their parents attended church. The building has now been converted into offices. The site can be accessed easily by public transport, it is aproximtely a five minute walk from Deansgate Station and also on the free metroshuttle route. Alternatively for those who drive into the city there is an NCP car-park located at Manchester Central which is a short walk away. I think that this location is slightly too far out of the city Centre, I wanted to use an area which had greater footfall as this will entice more potential users to the space. On reflection I feel that the site is too small for my concept, I ideally need a larger floor space. and a more central location.

KEY Manchester Central Deansgate Station Deansgate Bus Stops

St Peters Church BlossomStreet,Ancoats. Situated next to Cutting Room Square Ancoats, St Peters Church was an Anglican church a predominantly Catholic area. Concecrated in 1860 and served the community as a church until 1960. Today it is the home of the Halle Orchestra and has also played host to MIF’s productions. Ancoats has a rich history, also known as Little Italy this was the main Italian community in Manchester for many years. It was one of Manchester’s main industrial areas with multiple large factories. Ancoats is an area experiencing great rejuvenation, with lots of new residential developments. It is seen as a good area to live, as it is in close proximity to the Northern Quarter and New Islington. Ancoats is a relatively quiet area with Cutting Room Square at its heart, the square provides safe space for children to play. With the new residential developments in the area, small businesses are steadily moving into the area. Families in the Ancoats will benefit from the development of the New Islington Free School. St Peter’s Church can be accessed easily by car as it has its own private car park and there is also an NCP carpark on Goulden Street. Alternatively there is a bus stop on Great Ancoats Street. It is also realitivly close to Manchester Piccadilly Station approximately a thrirteen minute walk.

KEY

Northern Quater Piccadilly Station New Islington Piccadilly Gardens Bus Stops

C o r n e r h o u s e OxfordRoad,Manchester. Constructed in the early 1900s the Cornerhouse was formerly J&J Shaw furniture shop. In 1985 it was taken over by the Greater Manchester Visual Arts Trust, the Cornerhouse is one of Manchesterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best known facilities for the visual arts. Located on bustling Oxford Road right next to the station the Cornerhouse is in the thick of the city. It is a perfect location for commuters as it has multiple transport links on its doorstep. Being located on a busy cross roads the space might be subjected to noise pollution. The building has a striking glass faĂ§ade, which enables people inside to look out on to the street, likewise passersby can look into the space. I really like this element to the building I feel it makes the space more inviting and approachable. My only concern is the close proximity to the main road, however there are lots of pedestrian crossings. Situated next to Oxford Road Station, this location would be perfect for my target audience of working parents. Transport links near the Cornerhouse are one of the best out of the buildings I have looked at. This is a great location to aid a more convenience lifestyle for the people who will use the space. Being fairly central this location is suited to parents working in the city, it will make getting to work quicker. The Cornerhouse is close to the universities which are used by hundreds of people everyday. University staff and students with children could utilise the space and pop in and out in their lunch breaks to spend time with their children.

KEY Mancunian Way Piccadilly Station Deansgate Universities Albert Square Bus Stops

W o r k e r

Mother

W i f e

My Conceptual Response I was looking at the different roles parents, in particular mothers have to play every day. I decided to create a collection of scarves. Lots women use scarves to express their style when in the work place or to smarten up casual clothes. I focused on three elements of some working mothers daily life, Work, Mother and Wife/Girlfriend. Each of these elements make up the facets of a womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life and can be used to define who they are and what they do as a person. I chose to use create kalediscopic partners made with snap shots of daily life to embellish the scarves, as they link to toy kaleidoscopes children are fascinated with when they are small. Like my future space, the scarves draw people in to look more closely it is not obvious at first glance what they are.

My Case Studies

Ninos Conarte, Monterrey, Mexico By Anagrama Fundidora Park is the industrial setting in Monterrey Mexico which Conarte (Council for the Culture and Arts of Nuevo León) wanted to develop into a space for the people of the city. In particular they wanted to design a space for the children in their city to read. Brand intelligence group Anagrama where commissioned to design the space. They took inspiration from the striking landscape in which Monterrey is situated. The Cerro de la Silla Mountain, which looms over the city, was a major influence on the space. Fundidora Park is a heritage site so Anagrama needed to enhance the space without removing any original features. The result is a bright modern geometric space, which provides an exciting reading space. A space, which I feel, will entice children to read as it’s unlike any conventional library space, which for some can be intimidating. “A multi-purpose, asymmetrical reading platform meant to simulate Monterrey's mountainous topography. The bookshelves are not only used as storage, but serve as a dynamic space to play and learn, to fire the imagination and provide comfort while reading.” I am intrigued by how Anagrama has used colour within the space to enhance steel skeleton of the roof. Painting the supporting steel beams in neon pink lifts and brightens the industrial façade. They have used complimentary colours on the roof pink and purple and on the ground grey and yellow, usually I would not have thought these colours would work together however because they are not in direct contact and are united with the grey walls, the clash works. Also they have softened the sharp peaks in the floor by covering them with carpet, the sharp edges make this space feel more ‘grown up’ but the carpet makes the space more practical.

Seinajoki City Library, Seinajoki , Finland by JKMM Architects Renowned Finnish designer Alvar Aalto originally designed Seinajoki’s city library in the 1960s. The library has been used ever since it was completed in 1965, “it served well as the town’s main library for over four decades. With the expansion of the town and evolution of library activities, however, it was no longer able to meet today’s demands. As a solution, the town decided to co-locate a modern building with the current library, so that the resulting two buildings would merge into a single functional complex” . Architects JKMM where chosen to create the new building, without imitating Aalto’s themes, the new space needed to compliment the existing buildings whilst at the same time creating a confident modern statement. A shift in the type of users that utilise the space had changed, much more young people use libraries today so it was important to make the space more appealing to them. “Once looking for actual information no longer plays a central role, the significance of the library as a place for interacting with information will be highlighted. Its key mission is to provide a setting for encounters, meetings and events” . The space is largely open plan with multifarious vibrant seating alcoves in the walls, which create more intimate comfortable spaces to read as opposed to reading at a table in the middle of a room. The space includes a large comfortable style auditorium, which uses large moveable cushions, which introduce splashes of colour in to the neutral space. I like how this space manages to appeal to a wide audience, by incorporating traditional and modern ways of displaying books. The traditional standard double sided units in the main area and modern expanded standard double sided shelving unit with a seating alcove in the middle in the children’s area makes the space accessible to more people.

Phil, Bucharest, Romania by Nuca Studio Phil is a restaurant for the whole family, provides children with an activity zone and parents a space to relax in whilst their child plays. The inspriation for the space was taken from vinyl toy and manga so the space has a cartoon quality to it. The resurante and cafĂŠ has windows into the th play area so parents can keep an eye on their children whilst they relax in. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The playground and the multipurpose room are enclosed areas with independent light and acoustic scenarios and they accommodate activities from theater and puppet shows to martial arts and ballet lessonsâ&#x20AC;? . I love how the individual spaces are linked with the small bubble like windows; it enables the parents to relax in a quiet space whilst the children get to be as loud as they want in the play space. The use of curved walls makes the each space feel like its flowing into the next. The large elephant structure, which forms part of the stair, gives the space a fun and exiting quality, which will charm children. Although this space has been designed with both children and parents in mind I feel that it leans more towards appealing to children. I felt that the windows into the play space could have been larger or concaved so the parents could see more or be closer to the play space.

Dragebakken Kindergarten, Odense, Denmark by C.F.Moller Dragebakken Kindergarten was born out of a need to make kindergartens which developed childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sensory and motor skills. The space is set over two levels and incorporates large ramps and apertures to help children explore the space. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The entire architecture is supporting the ambitions Odense Municipality has for the children's development - namely that they enjoy attractive and challenging surroundings for learning and growing, the Dragebakken Kindergarten has small niches distributed throughout, where children can play, read or just withdrawâ&#x20AC;?. True to Scandinavian design the space is quite neutral in colour and incorporates lots of wood textures and tones. Splashes of dusty greens, blues and beiges this is the only source of colour within the interior space. I feel that they could have used brighter colour to make the space more fun and less clinical. I like how they have used window nooks to provide space for the children to sit quietly; I think that this is a sympathetic

What did I glean from my case studies? That it is possible to create a space for children which adults would also like to inhabit. Key to this is colour, most child orientated spaces revolve around garish primary colours (red,yellow,blue) - most adults would find secondary colours (purple,green, more appealing as they compliment one another rather than clash. Another factor I noted in most of my case studies was the subtle ‘baby proofing” of each space. Almost every space had elements which could be potentially be an issue for small children, for example in Ninos Conarte by Anagramma there is multiple ‘peaks and troffs’ which create the striking floor space, the angular sharpness of the floor is softened by being covered in carpet however. But this is such a subtle element that I doubt many would notice its baby proofing quality.

Manchester is a flourishing city, which has a rich pool of creative, skilled people. In order to retain these people the city will have to provide more ways in which to support these individuals in both their work and family lives. Writing about how to make a more creative friendly city Florida suggests that

‘The secret to building better, more vibrant locations was not just attracting companies with handouts and tax breaks, but rather building ‘a people climate’ that could attract the diverse human talents that drive prosperity.’ Manchester is lacking in spaces for parents to enjoy with their children and this is vital in helping parents have time out from the stresses of work to connect with their children. Manchester needs to become a ‘people climate’ which welcomes and supports families.

Quote requoted from my dissertation ‘Manchester : Working Parent and Child Friendly City?’ original quote from Florida .R ‘Rise of the Creative Class Revisited’

Research

I compiled a small survey to gain a better understanding of what my target market needs and how they felt about my idea. I posted this survey on Netmums and although I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get a massive response the responses i got were informative. My original idea was to provide child care whilst parents worked, i think that the result proved that most would rather look after their child themselves.

Brand

I felt it was imperitive to give the space a brand identity which was accessable to all ages. the essensce of family is at the centre of my design and I wanted the brand to encapsulate this. Family can be symbolised as facets - multi dimensional,precious interlinked. I want to incorporate facets into my design by creating overlapping angular voids. Facets also form part of the backdrop for my logo. Drawing inspiration from elements which had inspired my concept and in particular the symbolism of family. Facet noun 1. The many facets of the gem: surface, face, side, plane. 2. other facets of his character: aspect, feature, side, dimension, characteristic, detail, point, ingredient, strand; component, constituent, element. Children can be described like facets of their parents personalities and are often the most precious things to them. Kin noun their own kin: relatives, relations, family (members), kindred, kith and kin; flesh and blood, nearest and dearest; kinsfolk, kinsmen, kinswomen, people; informal folks. Kin is inclusive and is a simple word for small children to pronounce. Kin is not overtly â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;kiddyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; it gives an impression of smartness.

Kin 70 Oxford Street

Design Development

C a x i a F o r u m , M a d r i d by Herzog & de Meuron.

I began looking at CaxiaForum by Herzog & de Meuron when I was researching into geometric staircases. One of my initial thoughts in the project was facets and how they evoke a sense of preciousness .I felt that in an abstract way children are like facets, facets of our personalities and characteristics and ultimately they are the most precious things to parents. I wanted to impact my space with a striking staircase- the staircase will draw people up through and into the space. The entrance to CaxiaForum has a facet like quality to its structure and this is reinforced by the choice of material a brushed stainless steel.

Staircase

The Main Staircase forms a focal point within the space, it is a geometric style helical. I wanted to create a geometric staircase to replicate the notion of facets. It would be made from a single precast flight which will span the distance between each floor level. The balustrade would be toughened glass which would be framed with chrome. The staircase will also incorporate a lower hand rail for children which will be made from a colourful bungie cord, this would be held in place by closed metal hooks. The glass balustrade gives the illusion that the stair is floating up through the space.

Another element to my design which has been inspired by facets is the voids. I wanted to create an almost stacked feel to the voids, so that when your on the fourth floor you can look down on to an element of each floor. The second floor void is quite dramatically different to the other voids, it has two raised seating platforms encased with toughend glass which directly overlooks the restaurant below. The reasoning behind my decision to have such a different style of void was to express the energy and excitement of the second floor playspace. The sharp geometry is supposed to be impactful like that of an excitable child. I was really inspired by the voids found in Signal Mediahaus, Oslo by SPACE GROUP (above). In particular I liked how they cut thin sections of the building away to create voids rather than the usual large sections.

I n c l u s i v i t y

The space is one that is for all working parents and their children regardless to their differences. The traditional nuclear family set up is not the only type of family, I want to take advantage of Manchesters cosmopolitain and diverse demographic and encourage people to mix more. I will incorporate large dining tables in the resaurant area to enable people to sit together in groups rather than separating themselves. I hope this will enocurage people to

The space has been designed to be inclusive to all, parents, children. It is important to incorporate furniture into the space which promotes inclusivity. The Tripp Trapp chair by Stokke enables people of all ages to sit at a table at the same level, this helps small children feel included and at the same level as adults. I have incorporated the Tripp Trapp chair into the restaurant space as I feel it is imperative to make children feel included in the social experience of group dining.

M a t e r i a l i t y C

Pearl Hi Mac

Shunted Concrete White Washed Brick Calacatta

Marble

Bolon-Herringbone

B o l o n

B B o l o n - S i m u l o DinesenDouglas B o l o n - S t u d i o

I have used a fairly muted colour scheme, because I have focused on the textures within the space. I have concentrated bright colours into small areas or features in order to not overwhelm the space, I feel that this retains a smart sleek acsethic. Bolon materials have been used on walls and floors , I feel that when used on walls it produces a more unique contrast than a painted wall.

I would say that the major change in my scheme has been that of the placement of the main staircase. I wanted the staircase to be the main focal point of the space and because of the their placement was key to how the other elements of the space worked. Originally I had wanted them to be opposite the existing main entrance and to have the reception desk situated in the middle. But on reflection I felt that they were in too close proximity to the fire escape which could be a safety hazard. I decided to relocate the stairs to the location of the original entrance on the front corner, this corner worked perfectly with the helical style of the stair. As a result I tweaked the space to fit in with the new stair and I felt that the rest of the space worked better having relocated the staircase.. As shown below ( not to scale) the transformation of the space is dramtic.

8 9

Whitworth Street West Entrance

7 6

Section Line 1 1

Oxford Road Entrance

One of the Ground Floor Initial Ideas

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Ground Floor 1:100

Ground Floor Final Design LEGEND (1) Buggy / Bike Storage, (2) Reception, (3) Laundrette & Shopping Storage, (4) DryStorage, (5) Cold Storage (6) Fully Accessable toilet, (7) Waiting Zone, (8) Doctors Surgery, (9) Fire Escape, (10) Post Office, (11) Pharmacy (12) Interior High Street / Entrance

Plans

4 6

UP 7

2 3 8 Section Line 1

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Roof Garden 1:100

LEGEND (1) Sheltered Entrance, (2) Play Deck, (3) Sand Pit, (4) Vegetable Patch / Flower Bed (5) (6) (7) Benches, (8) Sky Light

7 5

3 2

Section Line 1

Staff Room Void

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Fourth Floor 1:100

LEGEND (1) Access to Roof Garden, (2) Staff Room, (3) Toilet, (4) Admin, (5) Storage (6) Plant Room, (7) Fire Escape

Studio

4 2

W/C

1 Up

Section Line 1 Void

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Third Floor 1:100

LEGEND (1) Quiet Seating Zone, (2) Changing Pods, (3) Divider & Nook, (4) Studio, (5) Toilets (6) Fire Escape

6 7

5 4

Section Line 1

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Second Floor 1:100

LEGEND (1) Meeting Room / Quiet Work Space, (2) Raised Seating, (3) Mini Trampolines, (4) Playhouses & Nooks, (5) Swing (6) Storage, (7) Baby Change, (8) Toilets, (9) Fire Escape,

5 6

4 7 1 3 8

Section Line 1

70 Oxford Street, Manchester First Floor 1:100

LEGEND (1) Toy & Activity Deposit, (2) Restaurant, (3) Fully Accessible Toilet, (4) Kitchen, (5) Pot Wash (6) Fire Escape, (7) Cold Storage, (8) Dry Storage

8 9

Whitworth Street West Entrance

7 6

Section Line 1 1

Oxford Road Entrance

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Ground Floor 1:100

LEGEND (1) Buggy / Bike Storage, (2) Reception, (3) Laundrette & Shopping Storage, (4) DryStorage, (5) Cold Storage (6) Fully Accessable toilet, (7) Waiting Zone, (8) Doctors Surgery, (9) Fire Escape, (10) Vestibule (10) Post Office, (11) Pharmacy (12) Interior High Street / Entrance

8 6

Pool

Section Line 1 9

70 Oxford Street, Manchester Basement 1:100

LEGEND (1) Seating Nooks, (2) Towel Deposit, (3) Viewing Gallery, (4) Fully Accesible Change, (5) Family Changes (6) Toilets (7) Storage (8) Staff Change , (9) Showers, (10) Pool

Section

Visuals

Vestibule

Waiting Zone

Pool

Restaurant

Playspace

Roof Garden

Risk Asessment of Kin Potential Risk

Solutions

Glass Balaustrades -- Toughend Glass Cleanliness (dirt from outisde) - Entrance hall matts (Gradus - Esplanade Plus Matting) Concrete Stair -- Anti Slip Nosings (Watco- Expoxy Grip Strip) Noise -- Accoustic Ceiling (Armstrong), Floor & Wall Absorbers (Soundsorba) Roof Garden Flooring --Rubber Crumb with Anti Slip Treatment Kitchen -- Hygenic / Anti Bacterial wall (Altro-White Rock) & floor coverings (Polyfloor-Polysafe) Stainless Steel Worktops Pool -- Fine Rubber Crumb with Anti Slip Treatment

Bibliography QUOTES

Quote requoted from my Dissertation ‘Manchester: Work parent and child freindly City?’ qoute The Daily Mail, Barrow, ’Crunch forces 150,000 more with under five back to full time work’- quoting from Netmums.com Quote requoted from my Dissertation : ‘Manchester: Working Parent and Child Friendly city?’ LARGE quote from Nathan. M, Urwin . C, Champion. T; ‘City People: City Centre Living in the UK’ for IPPR (Centre for Cities : 2005) p.35- quote Stakeholder Interviews Aug-Sept 2005 [ LM,JD,ES,LG] . Quote requoted from my dissertation ‘Manchester : Working Parent and Child Friendly City?’ original quote from Florida .R ‘Rise of the Creative Class Revisited’

IMAGES (In order of appearence) St Matthews Sunday School- Photographer Unknown- Sourced from Google St Peters Church Ancoats- Photographer- Aidan O’Rourke (www.aidan.co.uk) Cornerhouse - Photographer Unknown- Sourced From Google Map of St Matthews Sunday School Location- Edited By Myself, orignal map form Google maps Map of St Peters Ancoats- Edited by Myself, original map from www.ManchesterHistory.net Map of Cornerhouse- Edited by Myself, original map from Google Maps Conceptual Response Images (worker, mother, wife) - My Own NINOS CONARTE, MONTERREY MEXICO BY ANAGRAMA. Photograph by (unknown)(no date) for www.anagrama.com CITY LIBRARY SEINAJOKI – FINLAND BY JKMM ARCHITECTS. Photograph by Uusheimo. T (no date) for JKMM Architects and www.archdaily.com PHILL RESTAURANT, BUCHAREST – ROMANIA BY NUCA STUDIOS. Photography by Dragomir.C -2011 for www.Dezeen.com DRAGEBAKKEN KINDERGARTEN,ODENSE BY CF MOLLER Photographer unkown, sourced from www.cfmoller.com Facet Image - Photogrpaher Unknown - sourced from Google CaxiaForum, all Photographs by Duccio Malagamba Signal Mediahaus Oslo , by SPACE group - Photographs sourced from- www.spacegroup.no/projects Images of Communal dining/ work tables ( page 34) - Photographer unknown - sourced from Google Shunted Concrete- Unknown photographer - Sourced from Google Pearl Hi Mac- sourced from LG Hauseys - www.himacs.eu Calacutta Marble - photographer unknown - sourced from Google Bolon - Herringbone- www.bolon.com Bolon- Simulo- www.bolon.com Bolon-Studio- www.bolon.com Bolon- white- www.bolon.com White Washed Brick - photographer unknown - sourced from Google Copper- Photogrpaher unknown- sourced from Google ‘Aesthetics’ Images (page 36) - Photographer (s) Unknown - Sourced from www.Pinterest.com PLANS - MY OWN SECTION - MY OWN VISUALS - MY OWN