ISSUE #1 - NOVEMBER
VER O C S I D
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CATALOG TITLE
Clara Asumadu
Vanessa Jaber
Hoating Guan
Kuan Ting Ho
Furniture. Service Design
Lighting. UX Design
Technology. Industrial Design
Interior Layout. Industrial Design
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
THE CREW
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COLLEGE CLASSROOM DESIGN FOR OPTIMAL LEARNING By Clara Asumadu, Vanessa Jaber, Hoating Guam, Kaun Ting Ho. We conducted research on the current state of classroom interior design for college students, focusing our research on undergraduate and gradate students at SCAD University. Our objective was to examine how interior design in classrooms affects a college students’ learning experience. Our research is to help is discover how we can improve learning through developing ways the interior space of classrooms from lecture classrooms to modeling shops, can be redesigned. We each focused on four main aspects: furniture, technology, light and interior layout. We did secondary research online and we then delved into primary research which included observations, interviews, focus groups, cultural probes and finally a survey. Using these sources as our guide, we have been able to develop some design opportunities for future classroom designs.
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 p.6 | Secondary Research
04 p.20 | Gathering Inspiration
02 p.10 | Getting to Know Our Students
05 p.20 | Survey Says...
03 p.18 | Becoming Our Students
06 p.30 | Design Opportunities
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Furniture
Lighting
“We’re breaking away from the ‘sit still and listen’ teaching style to one where students and teachers engage in the space. Seating has to adapt to what’s going on in the classroom in order to gain a measurable increase in student performance.”
Student exposed to more natural light (i.e., daylight) in their classrooms perform better than students ehxposed to less natural light.
Faculty of University of Manitoba, “Ergonomics for Schoolchildren: Schoolbags, Furniture, Computers, Visual and Auditory.” University of Manitoba website.
Evidence demonstrates that classrooms’ structural features (e.g., noise, lighting) and symbolic features can facilitate or hinder student learning and achievement.
There are two main reasons why school furniture is so lousy: price and indestructibility. Ergonomists recommend adjustable classroom seats and desks, which while not exorbitant, do not come cheap.
Edwards & Torcelli, 2002; Tanner, 2008.
Cheryan, Ziegler, Plaut, Meltzoff, 2014.
Light is a powerful zeitgeber that synchronizes our endogenous circadian pacemaker with the environment and has been previously described as an agent in improving cognitive performance.
slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_hive/2010/10/rethinking_the_school_desk.html
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Keis, Hilbig, Streb, Hille, 2014.
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SECONDARY RESEARCH Technology
Layout
The advantages of computers in education primarily include: Storage of information, Quick data processing, Audio-visual aids in teaching, Better presentation of information, Access to the Internet.
The physical structure of a classroom is a critical variable in affecting student morale and learning. Students’ involvement in the process of creating their environment can empower them, develop community and increase motivation.
buzzle.com/articles/role-of-computers-in-education.html
edutopia.org/blog/the-physical-environment-of-classrooms-mark-phillips
Student perceptions in the study believe that technology helps them retain information better.
Other important environmental features include temperature, lighting, and noise level. These factors affect students in different ways and are directly related to individual learning styles. Studies suggest that when teachers adjust the environment to students’ preferences, the students perform better academically and are better behaved.
teachhub.com/benefits-technology-classroom
With VR, language translation can be implemented within the software, eliminating language as a significant barrier to a student’s educational goals.
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/ classroom-organization-physical-environment/
https://unimersiv.com/benefits-virtual-reality-classroom/
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CATALOG TITLE
Furniture
Lighting
Node Chair IDEO and Steelcase
Artificial Sunlight CoeLux
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CURRENT SOLUTIONS ON THE MARKET TODAY Technology
Layout
LEED Classroom Branson School, CA.
Future Classroom Akhaltsikhe Public School No. 5 in Georgia
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GETTING TO KNOW OUR STUDENTS By Clara and Vanessa
According to the Journal of Advanced Academics, a study in 2008 by researcher Kenneth Tanner explains that students exposed to more natural light in their classrooms perform better than students exposed to less natural light, due to a variety of physiological and cognitive factors. I explored this and other studies regarding the benefits of spaces with natural light by interviewing college aged students regarding their sentiments about lighting schemes in their classrooms.
I spoke to a freshman attending Drexel University who had large lecture hall classes, which was different from the smaller lecture classes at SCAD. Her favorite class is a discussion heavy with a very disorganized row setup which she finds relaxing. Her math class has long tables which makes her feel more connected with the students around her. She usually brings a tote bag with a binder, her laptop, some notebook, textbooks when necessary and water to class with her. In her row setting with long tables, she finds that she has enough space to place although because it’s a shared table, she feels like she’s taking over too much space. In her other classes, she uses two desks in order to have her notebook and laptop readily available for notetaking.
I began by interviewing a junior game development major at the Savannah College of Art and Design. This student notices when natural light is not present in his classrooms and says that natural light “in a lecture style classroom would be awesome,” in classrooms where no natural light shines through.
She raved about the Nodes chair designed by Steelcase and IDEO. She loves that it is a swivel chair that could be easily moved around for different needs. She finds the storage united underneath to be really useful and she likes to utilize the armrests not only for her arms but to hang her tote bag. Her favorite thing about the chair is that while it’s a plastic chair, it conforms to the way you sit and it is so comfortable that she enjoys being in her math class. The table attached to the chair can be easily moved around and is also friendly for left and right handed students. She sits for about 12 hours a day and wishes furniture in her other classes was comfortable because she leaves class feeling restless and mentally and physically drained from trying to be comfortable in class.
I asked the student if he learns best in lecture style courses where the amount of natural and artificial light is balanced, and his answer offered insight to how students feel about the environment they learn in:
“Yes, [when natural and artificial light is balanced], it looks like an actual room. It gives off the impression that people thought about the environment I am learning in.”
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LIGHTING AND FURNITURE FOCUS GROUP by Vanessa Jaber
We asked eight students who attend the Savannah College of Art and Design to participate in this group conversation. Clara and I served as the moderators for the open discussion. Key insights from the focus group we conducted exposed a number of factors students discussed. With regard to lighting, I asked students about some notable experiences they have had in the environment in which they study the most in, a user experience design major responded, “I used to live in Montgomery Hall, the position of my room never had light, so I bought a wifi bulb to create ‘natural light,” to combat the dullness of the student’s dorm room and create a favorable, ambient environment to work in. Other students noted different factors that create a comfortable environment, one of which an advertising major stated was personal space. An industrial design student noted that having access to professionals in the workshop and bench room also created a comfortable work environment.
“By far the worst uncomfortable, restrictive, dull, hard and cold, makes Arnold like a high school prison.”
With regard to furniture, Clara used photographs to explore how students feel about furniture design and layout in the classroom. The use of photos and a ranking system between 1 and 10 allowed us to understand student’s attitude toward seating in class. Of the types of desks used at SCAD, the classroom desks located in Arnold Hall received the lowest ratings, while the Steelcase and IDEO desks received the highest. This was due to a number of variables, including the fact that the Steelcase desks have storage, the ability to rotate, and have sophisticated design features. The desks located in Arnold Hall offer little back support, no storage, and a small desk space. A student noted that the desks in Arnold Hall are, “by far the worst-uncomfortable, restrictive, dull, hard and cold, makes Arnold like a high school prison.” Other poor designs included hard stools with no backrests and the hard grey chairs located in the Gulfstream Center for Design with no back support or movement. A student noted that these particular chairs make them “fidgety.” 11
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I had a biochem course taught in a beautiful room with floor to ceiling glass windows on the 3rd floor of the building-it was such an enjoyable environment to learn in.
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TECHNOLOGY AND LAYOUT FOCUS GROUP by Haoting Guam
IDUS 221:Human Factors is a class for undergraduate student to know about human body. In the class, professor John would like to show his students some important points by computers and TVs. “Computers is important, I mean there are many things we need computers to help in class. I show my students the example products online and key points, “he says” In another word, the computer and TVs are much like assistants in class .” The computers are not just important to professors, they are important to students, too. Students use computers in class very frequently. Michi usually brings her computer to class. “Well, I took notes by computers, and sometimes I search online resources,” she says.
“The TV can connect to our professor’s computer and through TV, we can see how our professor makes or wants us to make the project.”
wIDUS 313: Computer modeling is a class for undergraduate student to learn 3D modeling skill. In this class, computers are necessary. Everyone needs a computer in class, the professor need to show students each step to make a great 3D model. Students are supposed to follow their professor. “Computers are so important, without computers this class can not go on. In the class I stare at our professor’s computer, I mean the TV. Losing one step, it is hard to catch up with” Eason says. “Everyone think computers are important to this class, I agree with that. But I have to say the computers are not in good conditions. They are very slow sometimes, I open turn on a computer need 3 or 5 mins” he says “There is one thing that I hate most. Sometimes the computer crashed when I am doing an project, I just lost my file. I have to restart my project again. That’s really really bad. ”
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GETTING TO KNOW OUR STUDENTS By Haoting Guam
.Hao as an undergraduate game design student use a computer every day and always need a computer when doing his project. “Computers are so important in my study, and It’s necessary for classrooms or school builds to have computers, “ he says. “ Without a computer, it is impossible for a game designer to make a 3D model or write a program.” The computers are just a part of necessities, the big TV screen is important, too. When Hao having a class, their professor need to show students the assignment and process to make the assignment. “The TV can connect to professor’s computer, through TV we can see how our professor makes or wants us to make the project,” he says.
The classrooms have computers and TVs are great but good things not happen all the time. “Sometimes the TVs and the computers work not very well, “ Hao says “The connection between computers and TVs is bad, and the volume sometimes too loud, sometimes it is hard to hear.” Hao likes new technology things, for example he got a VR and often play with it, but he believes VR is not well developed, so the use of VR is still limited. He doubts VR will be in the classroom in the future..
“Yes, [when natural and artificial light is balanced], it looks like an actual room. It gives off the impression that people thought about the environment I am learning in.” 15
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“I have to say, I like VR a lot. I am not sure VR will come to future classroom, but I doubt VR can help with students’ study today. It needs a lot of refining.”
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BECOMING OUR STUDENTS
No natural light enters the shop- lighting is harsh when directly looked at
OBSERVATIONS While we are all technicsally students, it was imperative that we put on our research caps on to truly observe and understand what it means to be a student and how lighting, furniture, technology and interior layouts affect our students. We all observed SCAD classrooms.
Row arrangement is not good for discussion heavy classesstudents constantly turned around to see who was talking around or behind them
Professor use computer to show students the learning content
sometimes students wrote on their lap because there was little space on table
Lighting depends on subject of drawing. Natural light creates a nice studio ambience.
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Professor uses computer to show students how to use program and students follow alone with monitors.
Class room is too small for 15 students small space to move around and do group projects
OBSERVATIONS Our observations led us to great insights about the positive aspects and challenges tha students face in our four main areas of study. This information helped guide us further in our research to be able to see what to look for when conducting the next reserach methods.
open space with furniture cluttering space. 4 huge windows letting natural light in.
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GATHERING INSPIRATION CULTURAL PROBES We conducted cultural probes with two students giving them four tasks: 1. complete a class journal, 2. draw creative ideas for things that could improve learning in a classroom, 3. create a moodboard for your ideal classroom and classroom materials, and 4. identify your favorite SCAD Buildings for things like lighting and technology.
HOW OUR CULTURAL PROBES INSPIRED US We interviewd our two respondents after they handed back their probes to know what their experience was like with the probes and to also understand their responses. Overall, they enjoyed the collages and the sketchbook. The skectchbook allowed them to be creative and to really think about what they thought would be cool in a classroom and it was also an excuse to doodle in class. Some interesting finds from the sketchbook were the adjustable light fixture and the classroom layout with many windows and large space with storage areas. The collages were also fun for the respondents. Their collages encompassed everything from color scheme, technology, layout, furniture and lighting they would like to see in classrooms. 20
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WHAT IS YOUR PREFERED TECH TO USE IN CLASSROOMS?
57% students collaborate during class time (35)
72%
60%
laptops
62%
phones
say itʼs easy to collaborate
52%
monitors/desktops
89% use TVs in class to watch videos
45%
T.V.s
79%
37%
chargers
use TVs in class for presentations
HOW IMPORTANT IS TECH IN YOUR CLASSROOM? 61%
25%
SCAD STUDENTS SURVEYED
8% not important
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very important
ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
HOW MUCH STORAGE DO YOU USUALLY HAVE? 40% 25%
23%
8%
4%
SURVEY SAYS…
a lot of space
no space
WHAT DO STUDENTS BRING TO CLASS WITH THEM?
WHAT WOULD BE YOUR MOST IDEAL SETUP FOR ANY LECTURE CLASS? U-SHAPE/ SEMI CIRCLE: STADIUM:
97% cell phones
95%
ROWS:
bags
28% 25% 17%
92% WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE YOUR CURRENT CLASSROOM LAYOUTS?
89% writing utensils
laptops
70%
MORE STORAGE:
67%
MORE PLUGS:
bottles
chargers
MORE SPACE:
55% 25
50% 41% 60%
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WHAT ENVIRONMENT DO YOU PREFER TO WORK IN?
75%
46%
off-campus
36%
in class
say furniture is not visually appealing
36%
coffee shop
are open to adjustable lighting for machines in workshop
27%
school residence halls
27%
outdoor/park
HOW LECTURE HEAVY OR DISCUSSION HEAVY IS YOUR CLASS 31%
84%
HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH THE COMPU TVs, WALL PLUGS AND LIGHTS IN YOUR CLASS 41%
21% 20% 20% 25%
8% lecture heavy
17%
17%
dicussion heavy unsatisfied
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satisfied
UTERS, SROOM?
ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
HOW COMFORTABLE IS FURNITURE LECTURE CLASS? 33% 21%
26%
8%
12%
extremely comfortable
extremely uncomfortable
SURVEY SAYS…
HOW COMFORTABLE IS LIGHTING IN YOUR LECTURE CLASS? 33% 33% 25% 9% extremely comfortable
extremely uncomfortable
WHAT IS YOUR PREFERED LIGHTING FOR PERSONAL AND WORK PROJECTS? NATURAL LIGHT: ADJUSTABLE LIGHT:
50% 41%
ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL LIGHT:
60% 27
SCAD STUDENTS SURVEYED
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
AFTER ALL THIS DAMN RESEARCH...
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DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLEGE CLASSROOMS After all the interviews, observations, focus groups, cultural probes and sureveys, we’ve been able to gather insights for design opportunities in college classrooms
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
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CATALOG TITLE
OPPORTUNITY MAPS: FURNITURE
Weight/Height consideration
Utilize floor space
Focus on comfort
Conveniently placed
Furniture cannot be modified
Floors cluttered with backpacks
Custo m
ge
ing
Lea rn
Setups donĘźt consider the kinds of
ics et
Extroverted Individuals
Aes th
CLASSROOM
Furniture cannot be adjusted for different teaching
ble iza
Table tops can only fit one item,
Sto ra
Storage is usually in
Larger desks
Adjustable Flexible Student preferences
Furniture does not suit student need
Uninviting
Color Bulky unpleasant design
Open concept
Sleek and uniform
Introverted Individuals Inviting design
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018 Arm rests
Adjustable features
Height adjustability Customizability
Moveable but stable chairs
Swivel chairs
swivel chairs allow students to move around easily and to also turn to see others around them
Leg clearance
no arm rests tables are short, unadjustable
Comfortable seat depth
Comfort
COMFORT
swivel chairs not in every class-students strain their necks
Lightweight
Presenting made easy
Feasible for small and large groups
Easy to move
INTERACTION
ctu
Uninteresting lecture content
re & D is c u s
si o
Forced interation
Comfort for long lectures
Easy Adjustment
Layout does not consider student population or course subject
n
Le
Classroom setup rarely changes
Layo ut
ivities Act
Setup based on class
Semi circle setup
Adaptable
&
Desks hinder interaction
rk
Row seating hinders discussion style
Interesting setup
low or no back support
hard plastic material
furniture is highly uncomfortable for prolonged
Organized Flexible for class type
Encourage discussion
Respectful space Reduce neck turning
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Standing desks
Tall back support Flexible back support
Curved back support Soft materials
Plenty of desk space
Setup sacrificed in order to allow students to present. Students do not have space to take notes
Separating desks is messy and disorganized
Team wo
Easy interaction
Inviting
Watch videos comfortably
Furniture does not adapt to teamwork
furniture tends to look cold and uncomfortable
onomic Egr
Design
little to no adjustable feaures
CATALOG TITLE Small refreshing mental breaks
Large windows
Focus on comfort
Ambiance Student learns better when the amount of natural and artificial light in a classroom is
Focus on comfort
Classroom on second floor of building helps quiet the sounds
Organization
Ex
Ambiance
Classroom on second floor of building helps quiet the sounds from
rience pe
The long tubes of artificial light in a classroom are too bright and do not necessarily disperse light through the
Lighting
The absence of natural light in the workshop and bench room do not allow students to have a
CURRENT DESIGN
Harsh artificial lighting is noticeable and burdensome to student.
Customizability
L a yo ut Students dispersed in the room either in groups or individually in desks in heavy lecture course in Arnold
Active learning
Students have control over their space in drawing class, which helps with classroom
Storage
Open concept
Reduction of noise Large windows Personal space
LED light that compliments natural light
Environmentally friendly LED lighting
Large windows
Alleviate eye strain
The amount of natural light in the room noticed depends on what the
Student notices the absence of natural light in the class-
Student is bothered by absence of natural light in lecture class.
ht Lig
COMFORT
Natural light helps learning
Art When directly looked at, artificial light is bothersome
Energy saving LED light
Ex p
Studying in natural light is more comfortable than studying in artificial The workshop and bench room is not a comfortable environ-
ig if i c i a l L
Harsh artificial lighting is noticeable and burdensome to
Students working within the late evening hours are unaware of how tired they are due to harsh artificial lighting
Alleviate harsh lighting burden
Customizability
Ambiance
Focus on comfort
Balance with natural light
Match light to subject Alleviate eye strain
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When natural light is present in the classroom, student feels more alert
e ienc er
Energy saving on artificial light by allowing more natural light in room
Match lighting scheme to subject being taught
Large work areas are favorable to work in when everyone respects each otherĘźs personal space. Natural light in classroom increases comfort and lifts the overall ambiance.
ht
Simulated natural light
Natur al
Energy saving LED light
Balance with natural light
The ability to remain alert in class stems from the ability to look
ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
Energy saving LED lighting
Large windows Small refreshing mental breaks
Open concept Natural light in the classroom increases comfort and lifts the overall
Open concept classrooms with natural light and light fixtures
Large work areas are favorable to work in when every-
ces en
Ex
MOOD
C o mf or
Personal space Open concept
Active learning
Absence of natural light in a lecture room makes the
ce rien pe
Environmentally friendly customizable LED lighting schemes would
Large personal work area
Large windows
Artificial light should be simulated in spaces with
Prefe r
Custom lighting fixtures
When natural light is present in the classroom, student feels more alert and The ability to remain alert in class stems from the ability to look outside.
LIGHTING
Enriching outside view Open concept
t
Natural light in the Students are busy with classroom increases time demanding schedcomfort and lifts the ules and spend time in overall the workshop and A crowded and unkepbench room, often mt environment is difficult to learn in. Large work areas are favorable to work in when everyone respects each
Custom lighting fixtures
Custom lighting fixtures
OPPORTUNITY MAPS:
Organization
Respectful space Large windows
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CATALOG TITLE
OPPORTUNITY MAPS: TECHNOLOGY Large windows Ambiance Focus on comfort
Uncomfortable chairs
Small TV screens
Eq
or
Inte ri
Low dropped cieling in Gulfstream makes students feel uncomfortable
Re-design chairs
Slow computers
ent pm ui
Re-design the cieling
Update equipment regularaly
Surrounding walls in classrooms do not have enough space for student work
PROBLEMS IN THE CLASSROOM
User Students do not clean up after themselves
Whiteboards are
Reminders to clean up
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018 Elderly friendly technology Remind students to sign out Students forget to sign out of computer after leaving
es
U r se
TECH SUPPORT
Bad connection between TV and com-
E nv Keyboards and mice are not clean and do not get
Clean devices
ir o n m e
Older professors that have poor vision cannot computer in fron of them
People do not use the technology with care and thus
nt
People should learn more about the comput-
Focus on care of community tech
Food debris near computer and inside keyboards
Scratched computer surfaces and scratched screens
Clean area
Focus on care of tech
Remind students to sign out Some students do not sign out of computers after
Some students are too loud when working in community spaces
Elderly professors with poor vision cannot accomodate to technology
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY USER
Profess o
Personal space
Student
Keyboard and mice are damaged and do not
Dev ic
Computer start up is slow as is performance
r
Tech support needs to do regular system checks
Some professors do not know how to use the tech provided
Some professors do not utilize technology at all Some students eat in front of the computers thus creating dirty
Clean environment
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Dull
Large screens
Tech tutorials
CATALOG TITLE Large windows
Change tables and desks Space on wall
Ambiance Focus on comfort
e
Ex
Sty l
Classroom style is too simplistic
Classroom is not comfortable enough for two and a half hour
DESIGN OF CLASSROOM LAYOUT
Balance with natural light Classrooms are too small
Not enough space for students using the building on the weekends
Large windows
Personal space
Tables with stable foundation Tables are too short
Simulated natural light
Student notices the absence of natural light in the class-
De s
t
Customizability
k&
Chair
REQUIREMENT No natural light in classrooms
Sp
a c e & Plu
Need more space for personal belongings and tools
Bag hanger
For lecture courses, desks are
Focus on comfort
g
s
Energy saving on artificial light by allowing more natural light in room
Chairs are not comfortable
Lig h
Alleviate eye strain
The amount of natural light in the room noticed depends on what the
More plugs for personal computers
Tables with plugs
Lockers Extension cords
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Open concept Reduction of noise
Large windows
Height adjustable tables
The workshop and bench room is not comfortable to work in
Customizability
Storage
LED light that compliments natural light
Active learning
Space No space for personal belongings
Organization
Foundational table
Classroom have little space for posters
rience pe
Students from different majors in charge of design
Not enough
ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
OPPORTUNITY MAPS: ARCHITECTURE
Height adjustable tables
Energy saving LED lighting Open concept No natural light in classroom
Windows
Table with foundation Tables are too short
Large windows
SPACE
Plu
Personal space
Need more space for personal belongings and tools
Chairs
Space for lecture and posters
Chairs uncomfortable
ent Desk s em
Desks in lecture course are too small to work
Comfort
g Space More plugs for personal computers
Organization
Open concept Custom lighting fixtures
Customizability
&
Wall meant for posters
Rearran g
Student needs more classroom space
Respectful space Large windows
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CATALOG TITLE
The most important note made is that there is no singular solution to furniture design and arrangement for optimal learning. The most important thing is the design of the furniture itself. It should be ergonomic, given how often students find themselves sitting. It must should also have adjustable features like height. It should be spacious and have extra storage for laptops and books and also compartments for other things. If the furniture is lightweight, and has wheels, it can be rearranged easily to the arrangment needed as often as needed. eEssentially, flexibility and adaptability are imperative considerations when designing class-room furniture to be able to maximize learning for college students. Clara Asumadu Furniture.
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ISSUE #1 / MONTH 2018
Naturally simulated customizable LED light, would be favorable, instead of harsh artificial lighting in classrooms with no windows. This is environmentally friendly and cost effiecient. Students notice the absence of natural light in their classrooms. When their classrooms do have natural light, the environment is noticibally more pleasant to work in. Options for custom lighting fixtures would be preferred. More robust research is needed in this area so that designers and architects may work together to create a human-centered approach to creating an active learning space. Vanessa Jaber Lighting.
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Technology is a paramount part of the modern college classroom. Because of this, technology needs constant upkeep and should be regularly cleaned (both software and hardware) and updated. T.V screens and SmartBoards are really important as they are the way teaches give out information and the way students retain information. Screens should be clean, well kept and most importantly big so that it is easy to see. Students should s;aso be encouraged to bring their own tech like laptops and phones to class with them. As tech continues to advance, it may be useful to incorporate interactive tech like virtual reality, mixed reality and augmented reality. Hoating Guan Technology
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The layout of a classroom is the foundational block for optimal learning.Schools should rearrange each building to create more space for students. Furniture arrangement can be rearranged frquently as long as it is lightweight and movable. Students need more storage space built in or added to their classrooms. Because natural light aids learning, classrooms should try and incorporate big windows to let sunshine in.
Kuan Ting Ho Layout.
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