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Astronomy Study Guide
What is a star? What causes the sun to shine? Describe the sizes of stars. What is the sun? List the 5 main colors of stars. What colored stars are the hottest? Which are the coolest? What color is the sun? What color can main sequence stars be? Where would you find the Sun in the H-R Diagram? Where would you find red giants/super giants on the H-R Diagram? What 3 main things determine a star's brightness? What is the scientific name for star brightness? Do brighter stars have a higher or lower number on the brightness scale? What is the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude? How is it possible for a star to have a temperature of 3000K and have the same absolute magnitude as a star with a temperature of 30000K? Most of the star in the sky are in what stage of the life cycle? What are nebulas? The first stage of a new star is called? Do stars change over time? Explain. What single property determines the way a star will change over time? List the life stages of a low/medium mass star. Explain how a star moves from its red giants stage to a white dwarf. List the life stages of a High mass star. Why do stars often stay in groups or clusters? About how old is the sun? What stage in its life cycle is the Sun in right now? About how much longer will the sun remain the same size and color? What is the next stage in the Sun’s cycle? When will the Sun move out of its current stage and what will happen to it during this next stage? What is a galaxy? How many stars does a typical galaxy contain? What are the three types of galaxies? Describe spiral galaxies. Describe elliptical galaxies. Describe irregular galaxies. Where is the solar system located? What is the approximate diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy? Describe the Milky Way's appearance from earth. Earth and Moon rocks indicate that the solar system form how many years ago? Name the 8 planets of the solar system in order starting with the planet closest to the sun. Name the four outer planets of the solar system. What are there characteristics? Name the inner planets of the Solar System. What are there characteristics? What is located between the inner and outer planets? What is the main difference between the inner and outer planets of the Solar System? What is a crater? What caused them on the Earth and the Moon early in their life? Why don’t we see the early craters on the Earth anymore? What other surface features are on the moon? Explain how scientists believe the moon was created. Is the universe still expanding? Describe the motion of all distant galaxies. (Hint- think of the Balloon lab.) How do we know the direction distant galaxies are moving? Why do distant galaxies have a red appearance? (think in terms of light waves) If we could "rewind" the universe, describe the motion of the galaxies. How long ago were all the galaxies, and the entire universe, contained in a single point? What is the major evidence for the Big Bang? (2 pieces of evidence). On the scale that we used for the "Walk the Solar System" activity, how far would we have to walk to get to the nearest star? Earth and Moon rocks indicate that the solar system form how many years ago?