Hurghada, Egypt
Advanced Urban Design Studio Spring 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction .................................................................................. 5 Studio Profiles .............................................................................. 6-9 Precedent Studies ....................................................................... 11-31 Character Analysis ...................................................................... 33-47 Phase Analysis ............................................................................ 49-55 Conceptual Development .......................................................... 57-63 Final Projects ............................................................................... 65-85
Introduction Hurghada is a beach resort town stretching some 40km along Egypt’s Red Sea coast. The town has seen an influx of tourists in recent years because of its dramatic landscape, year-round dry and temperate climate, long stretches of natural beaches and an extensive network of coral reefs making it an ideal setting for a vacation and leisure activities. The growing popularity of Hurghada has seen it develop rapidly but at the same time not being spared from the consequences of mass tourism. Our project aims at analyzing the problems the city is facing in terms of sustainability and use landscape architecture as a tool come up with innovative solutions to solve them. The project is conducted as a collaborative effort from students of three different universities (Clemson University, Ain Shams University at Cairo and Huazong Agricultural University at Wuhan). This booklet focuses on the analysis and design process carried out by the Landscape architecture graduate and undergraduate students of Clemson university.
Professor Hala Nassar, Ph.D., ASLA
Professor Robert Hewitt, ASLA, RLA
The students went through a rigorous four-month studio in which they started from understanding the principles of urban design, doing case studies of resort and tourist towns similar to Hurghada, site analysis and finally the design proposal. Prof. Hala Nassar and Prof. Robert Hewitt have consistently encouraged and guided the students to come up with the best quality of work.
5
Name: Yuanyuan Wang Program: MLA From: Nanjing, China Email: yuanyu5@g.clemson.edu Anticipated Graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to playing puzzles, watching movies and reading. Landscape Architecture is to balance human and nature in an aesthetical way.
6
Name: Taylor Inzetta Program: MLA Undergraduate Degree: BS in Architecture From: North Canton, Ohio Email: tinzett@g.clemson.edu Anticipated Graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: Painting, Cycling, Kick-boxing, & Boxing Landscape Architecture is analyzing, planning, designing, managing, and nurturing the natural and built environments. Landscape architecture impacts communities and the quality of life.
Name: Erin Larimore Program: MLA Undergraduate: B.A. Architectural Studies, Kent State From: Emlenton, Pennsylvania Email: erinlarimore@yahoo.com Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to playing/ watching sports, reading, painting, cuddling with my cats Landscape Architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.
Name: Emily Kelly Program: MLA From: Charleston, South Carolina Email: enk@g.clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to ride bikes, read books, do yoga. Landscape Architecture is invisible beauty.
Name: Sharvari Gangal Program: MLA From: Mumbai, India Email: sgangal@g.clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to play badminton, write and travel. Landscape Architecture is a noble profession giving us freedom to be creative while understanding the value of our surroundings and their impact on us.
Name: Xiaoxiang Hu Program: MLA Undergraduate degree: BS in Landscape Architecture From: China Email: xhu4@clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like reading, watching some art works, traveling, eating and cooking. Landscape architecture is art of nature and human artificial. 7
Name: Lu Xu Program: MLA From: Wuhan, China Email: lux@g.clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to jog. Landscape architecture is creating beauty.
8
Name: Jared Lee Program: BLA From: Pendleton, South Carolina Email: jsl3@g.clemson.edu Anticipated Graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard; I like to play golf, travel, and partaking in photography. Landscape Architecture is a way to create a relationship between the built and natural environment by providing adequate green space and a design that answers the needs of the community.
Name: Kiffin Powell Program: BLA From: Waxhaw, North Carolina Email: kiffinp@clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working in studio, I like to spend time outdoors, hang out with my friends and family (pets included), and I enjoy experimenting with new makeup looks. Landscape architecture is the blend of art and science to create a balanced dynamic between the natural and human form.
Name: Alex Williams Program: BLA From: Anderson, South Carolina Email: acw5@g.clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When I am not working hard, I like to go on hikes. Landscape architecture is organizing natural elements in a way that is functionally appropriate and pleasing to the eye.
Name: Tyler Walker Program: BLA From: Lexington, South Carolina Email: tswalke@clemson.edu Anticipated graduation: May, 2019 Hobbies: When not in studio, I enjoy reading, long boarding, being outdoors, and playing drums, bass, or guitar. Landscape Architecture is the art and science of creating spaces for people that are functional, sustainable, and aesthetically moving. 9
10
PRECEDENT STUDIES 11
Venice, Italy Venice is situated at the Northwestern end of the Adriatic Sea and lies on an Archipelago in the crescent-shaped Laguna Veneta (Venice Lagoon). The Venice Lagoon stretches about 32 miles from the reclaimed marshes of Jesolo in the north to the drained lands beyond Chioggia at the southern end. The lagoon’s shallow water are protected by a line of sand banks, or lidi, whose three gaps, or porti, allow passage of the 3 foot tides and the city’s maritime traffic. The deepening of the channels in the 20th century, the rising of the Adriatic Sea, the over extraction of fresh water from mainland aquifers, and the geologic sinking of the Po River Basin have all combined to lower the land level, creating a serious flooding problem.
12
Cultural Heritage The Venetians, when designing the city, regarded it as a divinely ordained center of civic, religious, and commercial life, with a community blessed by St. Mark. The city is protected by the lagoon and governed by a balanced constitution that incorporates monarchy, aristocracy, and republican liberty. Historians typically refer to this Venetian perception as the “myth of Venice.” The Renaissance architecture within the city emulates republican Rome, and the great rituals of the state: the Doge’s procession from his palace to the basilica or the annual Marriage with the Sea. The Marriage with the Sea occurred when the Doge cast a gold ring into the lagoon as a sign of true and perpetual dominion.
Tourism Management
- Total of 30 million tourists annually - New visitor management systems were introduced, but have only been moderately successful so far - Issues: - Seasonal nature of visitor flows to Venice - Experiencing mass tourism certain days of the year that exceeds the city’s carrying capacity - Solutions: - Make Venice more attractive during the non-peak seasons - Special offers and lowering prices - Could include the cooperation with travel businesses in Asia, due to the high number of tourists coming from Asia on a yearly basis
Flood Management
Canals & Bridges The Grand Canal is spanned by four bridges with the most dramatic bend at the famous Rialto Bridge, designed by Antonio da Ponte (1590). The other three bridges are more recent with the Accademia Bridge, a high arched wooden structure with a temporary look was built in the 1930s to replace a 19th century bridge that was constructed by the Austrians. The bridge has withstood the foot traffic by being reinforced with steel. At the railway is the Scalzi Bridge and was built of marble in 1932. The Constitution Bridge, the newest of the Grand Canal’s bridges, was designed by Santiago Calatrava and opened in 2008. The bridge connects the railway station to Rome Square.
- In 1966, a severe flooding incident occurred that prompted a series of national and international efforts to study the problem and propose solutions - In 1988, engineers began testing a mechanical barrage that could be raised in times of flooding to close the lagoon - However, the progress was held up by overlapping local, regional, and national bureaucratic concerns, in addition to worries over the effects of the ambitious engineering schemes on the ecological balance of the lagoon - The Venetians have become so familiar with this flooding that they have laid out elaborate raised platforms in the main squares to allow tourists and other walk around the city
Venice Restoration Efforts
Moses Project (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico) - Project was approved in 2003 - Testing occurred in 2013, with some minor issues - The barriers rose effectively but were blocked from returning to their initial position due to a build-up of debris, which could not settle back until a team of divers had cleared the site - Venice will be protected by 57 flood barriers - All gates should be in place by June of 2018 - Total cost: $6.15 Billion - Initial budget was $1.67 Billion and rose later on. It was later revealed in 2014 that at least $22.4 million had been skimmed off the budget in the form of kickbacks, that ultimately lead to the arrest of Venice’s mayor
13
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates
Climate Dubai has a hot desert climate. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, windy, and humid, with an average high around 41 °C (106 °F) and overnight lows around 30 °C (86 °F) in the hottest month, August.
Dubai is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the country. (25°12’23.42“N; 55°16’53.44“E) As of 2017, the population is 2.79 million. The region covers 1,287.5 square kilometers (497.1 sq mi). The population density is 408.18/km2 – more than eight times that of the entire country. Dubai is the second most expensive city in the region and 20th most expensive city in the world.
14
Transport in Dubai is controlled by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA), an agency of the government of Dubai, formed by royal decree in 2005. The public transport network has in the past faced congestion and reliability issues which a large investment program has been addressed including over AED 70 billion of improvements planned for completion by 2020, when the population of the city is projected to exceed 3.5 million. In 2009, there were an estimated 1,021,880 cars in Dubai. In January 2010, the number of Dubai city who use public transport stood at 6%
The significant presence of ports has and the natural resources in Dubai have boosted the economy of Dubai, the ports of Dubai attract business prospects for western manufacturers. The construction of the Dubai Palm Islands has had a significant impact on the surrounding environment: Resulting in changes to area wildlife; Coastal erosion; Alongshore sediment transport and wave patterns; Sediment stirred up by construction has suffocated and injured local marine fauna and reduced the amount
of sunlight which filters down to seashore vegetation; Variations in alongshore sediment transport have resulted in changes in erosion patterns along the UAE coast, which has also been exacerbated by altered wave patterns as the waters of the Persian Gulf attempt to move around the new obstruction of the islands. Dubai 2020 Urban master plan aims to build upon and express the vision of His Highness Shiakh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktom The Ruler of Dubai for promoting Dubai as an advanced global city and a vibrant regional gateway to the world. The plan which has been developed by Dubai Municipality in cooperation with various governmental authorities and major developers, adopts a flexible, sustainable and competitive approach to guide Dubai’s urban development to 2020 and beyond. The key objectives include the efficient utilization of existing infrastructure, increasing investments opportunities, rationalizing a well integrated land-use planning and mobility network, protecting key economic assets, preserving the environment, diversifying energy sources, being responsive to the socio-economic transformation and improving the legislative and governance framework to streamline planning process. The plan covers the Dubai Emirates territories including offshore area within the 12 nautical miles, existing urban area, land committed for mega real estate projects, and desert and rural territory excluding Hatta area.
“Green Buildings” Green Building is the practice of creating a built environment that is resource efficient in terms of energy, water, and materials whilst reducing building-related impacts on human health and the environment throughout the building’s life cycle, through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, change of use and deconstruction.
Since 1970 and 80’s Dubai has been a trade route until 1990 Dubai free trade in gold encourage smuggling gold bricks to India. Jebel Ali was built in 1970’s and has been named as the first man made island or harbor in the whole world and has then become the hottest tourist spot and business destination has boost the economy of Dubai.
15
Belize City
History & Economy
Belize City was the capital of Belize until a hurricane devastated the city in 1961. Today, the city is still infused with British culture. The city is the main gateway for the country’s imports and exports making it vital part of the district’s economic image. Its population makes for a commercial hub for business of all types. The economic foundation of Belize City is built on port activity, merchandising, service industries and hotels and leisure industries.
Tourism Figerue 1: Belize City is located off the eastern coast of the Belize along the Carribean Sea. The country is bordered by Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.
Tourism have become one of the district’s most vital resources of revenue. New hotels, resorts, Eco-tourism destinations and campsites are being built every year. Tourism brings in much need foreign exchange that in turn helps build more of the infrastructure needed to grow Belize’s economy without compromising its commitment to preservation. This increase and a growing population has required more houses, roads, and shopping centers that have made construction an increasingly popular important trade.
16
City Structure
The city is generally divided into north and south by a swing bridge that sits at the moth of the Haulover Creek where the Belize River meets the Caribbean. The city has generally developed into two thin strips, north and south, one along the Northern Highway and the other along the Western Highway. A swing bridge connects the two and sits at the mouth of the Haulover Creek.
Environmental Management Plan
Mangrove & Wetland Conservation 1. Consider environmental planning with the city’s boundaries, limits and expansion context. 2. Creation of conservation areas or zones (Dolphin Park, Burdon Canal and Krooman Lagoon) 3. Wanton squatting be discouraged and enforced
Wastewater Treatment Strategies
1. Include proper treatment and disposal 2. Enforcement and administrative support 3. Expansion of wastewater collection system 4. Extending the outfall of the present sewer ponds well into the sea so it would dissipate and dissolve. 5. Deep well injection method where the ‘treated’ waste be put into the earth (safe and proven method) City’s downtown center has worsened over the years. Its mainly a commercial center now, people moving from the once charming neighborhood and busy social gathering point to housing developments on the outskirts resulting in an abandoned and dilapidated down-town.
Major Transformation & Spatial Challenges
1. Trend towards a decline of population in Belize City 2. The expansion of urban population in the outskirts (rural Belize District) of the city 3. The problem of accommodating urban population growth in the city an urban housing problem 4. Emergence of a new functional area (Greater Belize City) 5. Problems of mobility and accessibility that this expansion dynamic entails 6. Risk of flooding and the impacts of climate change 7. The institutional regime of Belize City
Climate Change Adaptation Techniques
1. Advancing in sustainable management of the river 2. Investing in water and natural resource governance 3. Creating a program for accomplishing a sustainable residential solution that is well-suited with the Eco system services. 4. Restoring floodplains (flooding), preserve wetlands and groundwater recharge areas (drought) and the protection of mangroves forest (storm surge & hurricanes) 5. Protect and enhance the natural ecosystem services of the Burdon Canal nature reserve.
Solid Waste Management
1. Waste separation or classification with recycling or reuse potential 2. More educational and sensitization scheme and improved collection services
Surface Runoff & Drainage
1. Construction of better drains and culverts 2. Standardize the design and carryout the proper drainage studies. 3. Construction of canals and restoration of abandoned canal systems.
17
Abu Dhabi, UAE
ABOUT THE CITY
The area was ruled by the Al Bu Falah tribe of Bani Yas from the 18th century. They first people lived in the Liwa (Jawa) Oasis area. In 1761 they found suitable drinking wells in the coastal town of Abu Dhabi, where the headquarters was established in 1795. Because the Qawasim pirates of the Ras al-Khaymah emirate and the Emirate of Sharjah are the enemies of Abu Dhabi, and the pirates rival Muscat and the Sultanate of Oman, the rulers of Abu Dhabi at first it formed an alliance with that country.
Future Plan DESERT FINGERS There is a particular danger that development along the corridor to Dubai will create an endless sprawl, forever cutting the desert off from the water. Smart development would provide undeveloped buffers between the city, each coastal town, and Dubai, giving wildlife corridors to the protected coastal areas.
18
SAND BELT Nothing is worse for the environment than an unplanned, undifferentiated sprawl. Sprawl eats up land and taxes infrastructures that are already overstretched. It also adds distance to every journey residents must make and reduces the viability of public transit. The Sand Belt is a naturally occurring tool defining the limits of development.
CITY’S SKY LINE 67,350 square kilometers (26,000 square miles), Accounting for more than 3/4 of the UAE’s total area. Due to the abundance of oil reserves on the land and the seabed of the Persian Gulf, it is one of the richest two emirates in the UAE (and the other in Dubai).
The capital, Abu Dhabi, is a new peninsula developed since 1971. It covers an area of 116 square kilometers and has a population of 662,500. It is the capital of the UAE. Al Ain is the second largest oasis in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the homeland of the President Zayed.
FUTURE CAPITAL DISTRICT It is important that Abu Dhabi’s capital city identity continue to be expressed as the city grows. Major approaches and entry portals should communicate the city’s values. Within a lush oasis setting, the grandeur of the Grand Mosque and government buildings will be symbolic images on the skyline. The city will need monumental spaces and processional routes for National commemoration. As the city focuses urban growth into districts, several key areas should emerge as iconic precincts, such as the Cultural District on Saadiyat Island, the Palace Row, and the Embassy District. National government activities and facilities will cluster in a formally-designated National District.
MASDAR
This will be the world’s first zero-carbon city, which will be a city without cars and skyscrapers that uses solar energy completely. Abu Dhabi’s new and old energy development combination and eco-friendly construction of the benign operation mode and effectiveness. Being a global sustainable development model.
19
Genoa, Italy FAIRY TALE OF A CITY -CITY INTRODUCTION: Genoa Located on the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea, she is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.
Genoa has a borderline humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate. The average yearly temperature is around 19 °C (66 °F) during the day and 13 °C (55 °F) at night. ` Geonais the capital of the Italy region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, nearly 60,000 people lived within the city‘s administrative limits
Genoa is an important maritime terminal in the north of Italy. Regular ferry service operates between Genoa Italy and a number of other cities.
LANDMARKS:
Genoa Cathedral, Piazza de Ferrari, Piazza del Principe
ECONOMICS:
Genoa is a maritime town and one of the three major industrial cities in Italy.
THE UNIQUE OF GENOA : Genoa was designated as a EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE by the European Union. Genoa and its location along the Ligurian coast are famous tourist attractions
20
PRESSING PROBLEMS OF GENOA
REBOOTING GENOA CITY
Geography - Genoa now finds itself
The Genoa International Competition led by Port Authority Planning Agency to revitalize Genoa city, by the time Genoa becomes the European Capital of Culture in 2004, work will have started on the project that won the competition. In the meantime, the city’s waterfront will see the completion of other schemes that will radically alter its appearance.
struggling with its own geography in new and complicated situation. This demands specific analyses of its problems and approximations of solutions that will make the best use of resources and exploit potentialities. Genoa is generated in the landscape: its streets, carved out of the mountainside, have never been able to ignore the constraints of the territory and geography.
Texture - Genoa can not be seen as a whole, and even on a single level: all we have are fragmented views of it, at different levels. Context – we face the challenge to exploit Genoese
historic moment. What Genoa will be doing will to all intents and purposes be stereometric planning, no longer rooted in a two-dimensional vision of the city but closely bound up with the concepts of a multi-scalar and multi-functional approach.
Intervention – Once the expansion phase is over,
in residential as well as productive terms, the city will have to reconsider its competitiveness within the narrow room for available to it. This means proceeding with the creation of infrastructures that render it accessible and efficient and coming up with interventions that will also potentially create added value for the spaces that rae linked with them.
—Strategic Interventions - PONTE PARODI A waterfront design for Genoa, Italy -The harbor project is part of a larger vision to revitalize the entire waterfront area, and merge the local urban and economic fabric to create a point of interest for Genoa’s varied waterfront users.
—GENOA PORT After the outward expansion of the post war era Genoa is forced to expand and improve on actually occupied territory. Genoa has the chance - almost non existent in Italy - to restructure an area central in the city, important to both civic life and economic activity.
21
Kuta, Bali, Indonesia
The town of Kuta is located on the south-west coast of the island of Bali on the narrow tapering strip of the island.
AREA & DEMOGRAPHICS
GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE & ECOLOGY
HISTORY OF KUTA’S DEVELOPMENT
Total area of Kuta: 39.04 square miles (1.7% the area of Bali) Total population of Kuta: 0.11 M (2.5% the population of Bali) Total density of Kuta: 355/sq. mile Average annual population growth: 2.5% GDP: 66M Human development index: 72.84 Percentage of poor people: 3.95 % Literacy rate: 9.83 %
Kuta lies approximately 8 degrees to the south of equator. The climate is fairly even throughout the year at around 30 degrees Celsius with an humidity of around 85 % The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand including the Kuta beach. The island lies in the coral triangle. It is recognized as the global center of marine biodiversity.
Formerly a fishing town. Discovered by tourists as a surfing paradise. It has long been a popular stop on the classic backpacking route in South East Asia. One of the first towns in Bali to see significant tourist development. Development started taking place around 1970. Kuta has grown drastically in the past 40-50 years, essentially along its massive and beautiful coastline.
RELIGION, CULTURE AND ARCHITECTURE The Major religion followed in Kuta is Balinese Hinduism. One can find temples built in Balinese Architecture style in Kuta, which are very unique to this region. The local people have a deep rooted faith in their religion which is reflected in their philosophy and culture. Folk dance, stone carving art, religious ceremonies are a major part of their cultural identity. 22
EARTHQUAKE RISK
KEY ISSUES IN KUTA
Mass tourism
• Putting pressure on water resources. • Traffic congestion. • Disturbing the ecology and local culture.
Waste Manageme nt
Earthquake risk
• Increasing number of waste produced daily due to high end resorts and tourist places. • Less land to manage it.
• Kuta falls in the high earthquake risk area. • Need for sustainable and earthquake resistant architecture and quick evacuation techniques.
REASONS BEHIND THE POPULARITY OF KUTA
- Ecologically rich - Breathtaking views - Waves suitable for surfing - Balinese culture - Balinese architecture - Coral life - Large number of luxury and budget beach resorts - Night clubs which attracts the youth and tourists - Proximity to the international airport.
MASS TOURISM Before 1963 there were only three tourist hotels on the island of Bali owned by the government. According to the Bali Government Tourism Office there were 1,970,000 foreign tourists visiting Bali in 2008, by the end of 2016 this number soared to 4,927,937, which is a growth of 150% in 8 years. Popularity of Kuta led to a vast number of tourists visiting the town thus increasing the number of resorts in the region to accommodate the tourists.
The answer should never be to halt the activity… but rather to live up to the challenge and manage it correctly”
A sudden increase in demand has led to haphazard construction activities adding to poorly planned, congested spaces and buildings. Quality of construction is often neglected. Roads are overcrowded with increasing number of tourist vehicles. Local people fell the loss of culture due to increasing influence of western ideology in the city, and can feel the changing identity of the town over the years. Data figures state that 65% of the total water supply in Bali is consumed by tourism industry, which leaves very less amount for the use of the local community, which thrives on agriculture. Kuta is the most populated tourist center in Bali currently.
Kuta lies along the coastal area which falls into the high risk earthquake zone. Kuta is connected to the Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). Tsunami warnings will be disseminated by public radio and TV stations as well as via a siren located at Kuta beach. A three minute steady sound from the siren is a call for immediate evacuation. Indonesia is also taking efforts to change its building codes and laws for the future and make it important to build seismic resilient structures in the tsunami prone areas. Education and awareness about the disaster management also play an important role.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Increased demand for tourism since 1970’s
Development of a new middle class who started consuming packaged goods.
Increased accumulation of inorganic waste in the dense urban areas like Kuta.
Local community scale solutions to manage waste.
Industrial scale waste to energy WTE solutions to manage waste.
Intermediate scale solutions: recycling and producing compost
23
Marrakech, Morocco
OVERVIEW
INDUSTRY
Marrakech, Morocco lies at base of the Great Atlas mountains between ocean and sea. Marrakech was nicknamed “The Red City” for it’s terracotta wash found on many of its buildings which gives the city a red hue. It is known for its ramparts and monumental gates found throughout the city. In 2014, the population was 928,850.
Marrakech is now a destination for both weekend travelers and leisure tour travelers. Its main industries are agriculture and food processing, wool and leather goods, and mining.
HISTORY The city began as a hub for surrounding trade routes. The walls of the city expanded during over time in conjunction with new plantings. Arab forces gained control and The Mosque and the Minaret of Ben Salih were constructed. In the nineteenth century, the Alouite Palace of the Bahia was constructed under French colonial rule. It is at this stage in it’s history that Marrakech first entered the international stage as a commercial and tourist center.
24
TRANSPORTATION Public transportation is made up of public bus services, taxi services, and the caliche (horse drawn carriage). The bus service does not run on schedule and has complicated routes, which makes it difficult for tourist to use. The city government is currently working on a Rapid Bus Transit, which will include 30 fully electric buses with their own lanes on the roads.
Clockwise from left: Osairia Resort, Yves Saint Laurent Marrakech Museum, Selman Marrakech Hotel, Marrakesh Souk
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
NOTABLE LANDMARKS
Marrakesh is a popular destination for religious tourists, especially because it is a site of pilgrimage for the seven saints in Sufi tradition.
Koutoubia Mosque
It is also considered one of the most authentic tourist destinations in the country for both foreign tourists and Moroccans. The city houses multiple 5 Star hotels, fine dining restaurants, and historical and art museums, where there is an emphasis on local, authentic craftsmanship. There are many self-contained resorts that act as their own town.
RECENT EVENTS Unfortunately, terrorist attack greatly reduced the number of tourist coming in to Morocco for a significant amount of time.
12th century mosque, 77 meter minaret
Jemaa el Fna Square
Open air restaurants, various entertainment
The Medina
Narrow streets, minarets, flat roof houses
The Souks
Market of handmade goods like pottery drums, wooden chests, and carpets
Casino Tourism
Es Saadi Gardens & Resort, Le Grand Casino
25
Mombasa, Kenya
GEOGRAPHY Its location is ideal for trade routes and commercial centers, but susceptible to foreign invaders and hostility.
HISTORY Founded: 900 A.D. Population: 1.2 million as of 2016 Area: 113 square miles; 25 square miles of ocean creeks and inlets Density: 10,619 people per square mile Language: Swahili and English Make up of population: Swahili, Mijikenda, and Muslim Religion: Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism
26
Throughout the history of Mombasa, many different influences- including African, Persian, Arab, Portuguese, and British- have contributed to the rich cultures found in the city. Originally, the rulers were the African Bantu people, with changes in power occurring throughout history. It passed from through the hands of the Jordanians, the Persians, and the Arabs. By the 15th century, Mombasa was a thriving, sophisticated city with established trade routes to China, Persia, and India. During the height of European imperialism, Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama discovered the city while on a voyage around Africa. After a period of less than 5 years the Portuguese returned to attack the city. The invaders then occupied Mombasa, building the impressive Fort Jesus. The Arabs made several attempts to regain the town but the Portuguese held onto it for around 100 years. Centuries of conflict earned Mombasa the name “the Island of War”
CULTURE Mombasa has always been a great trading center with several items such as glass, brass, copper, iron and rhino horn passing through the coast.
The Mombasa tusks were established to commemorate Queen Victoria’s visit in 1952 and mark the entrance to the heart of the city.
The coastal fishing of Mombasa counts for about 4.7% GDP throughout the city, and was considered one of the productive sectors and the need to promote capture fisheries and aquaculture in order to improve food security, nutritional status, and that incomes be emphasized. Many salt works are located in Mombasa making salt the most widespread mineral in Eastern Africa with over 5,000 hectares that yield over 170,000 tons of salt each year. Limestone and cement also play a huge role in the growing of the economy in Mombasa. Along the east coast, there are four to eight kilometers wide and 70 meters thick of limestone deposits.
View of Mombasa during sunset looking down from Old Town Mombasa.
Many actions have been taken to protect the ecology and economy. Planting a Mangrove forest, sea grass beds, and preserving the coral reefs have helped increased the fish population around the Mombasa Island. Tourism in Mombasa has grown rapidly in the last 30 years and have mostly includes recreational tourism due to the warm climate, mild cool sea breeze, beautiful coastal scenery clean and clear sand and water. The first hotels were not constructed until the early part of the 20th century. Historical tourism provides the opportunity to see the rich and diverse history that the city has to offer. Mombasa Old Town is part of the city heavily influenced by the Arabs. Located on the coastline near Old Town, you can see the remnants of the torture rooms and prison cells that the slaves were kept in. Fort Jesus remains a monumental piece of architecture. 27
Porto, Portugal
-ACRRU: A classification that represents the acknowledgment that this urban area faces large scale problems -ZIP: Priority intervention area
HISTORY
URBAN REVITALIZATION
Built on hills overlooking the Douro River. Romans gave it the name Portus or Port. Its close proximity to the sea made it a place where military, commercial, agricultural and other interest culminated . Porto has a long tradition of commerce and remains a major Portuguese industrial region. The city bears “remarkable integrity�, according to the UNESCO world heritage site as a European city that has developed over thousands of years that looks to the sea for commercial and cultural links
Since 1950 many urban areas have expanded tremendously. Such rapid urban expansion can oftentimes lead to the detriment of historic centers. In Portugal this phenomenon is most visible in Lisbon and Porto. The government responded in 2004 with laws to fuel urban regeneration. The law allows local administrations to form publicly owned companies (SRUs) to endorse urban regeneration in historic centers. Recent urban revitalization initiatives have been hard to qualify as successful or unsuccessful at this point. There has been some critique that these initiatives are merely face lifts and ignore the undercurrent of socio economic disparities among the local population.
Environmental information about the Port o region
28
ENVIRONMENT
CULTURE AND TOURISM
Proximity to the ocean helps keep the air quality of Porto relatively clean. The ocean also helps to cleanse the waters in and around Porto due to the tidal effect. Surrounding beaches are pristine.
Porto is a city rich in entertainment, arts, architecture, and gastronomy with emphasis on its rich architectural history, which escaped the damage much of Europe faced during WWII, Sites in disrepair are being continually restored and preserved.
The Douro river is significant for the economy and hydrology of both Spain and Portugal, often used for irrigation and hydroelectric power.
The river not only provides irrigation for the city, but also provides a landscape fit for river cruises and wine tastings
The river flows past the Douro Valley, known as a viticultural or grape-producing area. In Porto this has been where port wine has been produced since the 18th century and a nearby site where wine has been produced for two thousand years
Porto is experiencing a tourism boom. It is in large part due to the expansion and renovation of their local airport, Francisco de Sa Carneiro Airport, which provides cheap access and a higher volume of visitors to the area of Porto.
Soil erosion has been a serious issue, resulting in man made walls and patamares
Porto won the European Best Destination award 2012, 2014, and 2017
Overall it does not appear to be an incredibly polluted or dirty place for a city of its size.
Architecture and the preservation of historic sites is integral to the identity of this city
Fishing boats in the Douro river in front of the Luiz I Bridge
29
Santorini, Greece
“The volcanic islands that form a curved line across the Aegean Sea were produced by the convergence of two continental landmasses, Africa and Eurasia. This chain has been named the Southern Aegean Active Volcanic Arc. Santorini is today the only active volcano in this arc. It had three eruptions in the twentieth century alone.� Remnants of a volcanic eruption - created the caldera Product of the collision of two continents The only island with an active volcano in the arc Three eruptions in the twentieth century (last 1950)
30
Island size: 73 km2 Population: 15,550 (2011) 23% of citizens are unemployed Estimated 2 million tourists per year 25,000 people a day off cruise ships
Increased water consumption 2015 - 63% demand was met
Predominantly summer tourism Winter tourism has increased in recent year 35 hotels (2013) v. 141 hotels (2016/2017) 10% of tourism in Greece Increased 60% - last 10 years Theme tourism
31
32
CHARACTER ANALYSIS 33
Culture & Heritage
Hurghada International Heritage Festival
- Relatively new (started in 2016) - Includes folk dance, a conference, and an exhibition of Egyptian Art
2018 Miss Intercontinental Beauty Contest
- Opened in Hurghada - Participating countries: Egypt, South Sudan, Lebanon, Algeria, Iraq, USA, France, Russia, Brazil, Venezuela, and many others
What It’s Like in Hurghada - Is a tourist city - Focus on excursions - All-inclusive Hotels - Leaving the property is not necessary unless desired - On the streets - Danger - More feeling of danger from spitting camels than any political tension within the country - A quiet town compared to Cairo - Hardly any traffic down the main seaside drag - Many vendors take the streets to sell to tourists - The waterfront strip is tourist focused and filled with shops and small restaurants - Whereas, further inland is largely residential - Costs - Generally cheaper to eat and stay in Egypt, even with Hurghada being a tourist city - Most expensive are the excursions - Sights - Mosques in the city center - Taqwa Mosque - Nasr Mosque - Almina Mosque 34
Shopping
- Shopping is an evening activity - Items typically sold in Hurghada: - Alabaster - Papyrus - Cotton - Shisha - Spices - Gold - Copperware - Perfumes and Oils
Egyptian Etiquette & Culture - Don’ts in Public - Intimate behavior - Dress Code - Shorts: (Men): socially acceptable only at the beach resorts - (women): only in private or along the Gulf of Aqaba Coast - Shirts: (both sexes) should cover shoulders - Women wearing skimpy outfits will attract gropers and the disapproval from both Egyptian men and women - Visiting a Mosque: modestly dressed - Invitation to a Home - Removal of shoes before entering - Customary to take a gift - Hand Functions - Hand dominance does not matter - Left Hand: Used for “unclean” functions - Right Hand: Used for hygienic functions - Tipping and Baksheesh - Most Common: Tipping - More Expensive & Common: Rewarding the bending of the rules - Alms-Giving
Food
- Many restaurants near the shoreline don’t always cater to foreign tastes
Eating Out
- Best places located at: Sakala Square, Dahar Street, & Shery Street - Look for cleanliness and hygiene - Try local seafood establishments for fresh Red Sea fish or shellfish
Fast Food
- Came to Hurghada in the last 10 years - Such as: Pizza Hut, KFC, McDonald’s & Burger King
Fine Dining
- Situated in New Hurghada Marina or on the promenade - Such establishments include: International Cuisine
Egyptian Cuisine
- Relies heavily on vegetable dishes - Hurghada being a coastal city, they utilize Seafood - Egyptian cuisine is based on foods that grow out of the ground - Rice is the core of simple and nutritious Egyptian food - Typical dishes: - Molokhia - Pigeon - Shawarma - Foul and Tamiyya - Tahina - Fatir - Kofta - Basbousa - Fatta
35
Buildings & Land Use
Recreational
Residential
Education
Res./Comm.
Culture
Res./Religious
Craft
Commercial
Agriculture
Social
Tourist service
Administrative Service
Utilities
Public Service
Green Space
Religious
Cemetery
Sports
Parking
Open Space
Airport
Health
Airport & Marina Vacant Land
36
Industrial Future Develop Area
Desert
Hotel Resort
Cemetery
Military Area
Road
Regional Road
Local Road
Arterial Road
Edge of city fabric
Main Road
Land use
%
Area in acres
Total residential area
13.3%
2057.9
Total services area
6.4%
986.8
Total activities area
38.9%
6018.5
Territory of armed forces
11.3%
1757.6
Vacant land
27.7%
4285.9
Roads and spaces
13.5%
2088.7
Cemeteries
0.2%
26.9
Total
100%
15464
Building Conditions
%
Area in acres
Rundown Buildings
0.1%
5.4
Rift Buildings
2.4%
184.5
Sound Buildings
97.5%
7414.8
Total
100%
7604.7
Sound Buildings: These buildings spread throughout the city. Rift buildings: These buildings are spread in Mount Mujahid and Jabal al-Afsh and Jabal Al Arab. Rundown buildings: These buildings are concentrated in the port area as well as Zerzara area and south of the Arab Shaykh.
Building heights
%
Area in acres
1-2 floors
76.3%
5805.9
3-4 floors
18.4%
1402.2
5-6 floors
5.2%
7+ floors Total
ConstructionMaterial
%
Area in acres
Concrete Structure
96.4%
7328.8
Bearing Wall
3.3%
254.1
Bricks
0.3%
20.7
396.4
Metal Structure
0.00009%
0.7
0.00003%
0.2
Other
0.00005%
0.4
100%
7604.7
Total
100%
7604.7
1-2 floors: These buildings are concentrated in the tourist area overlooking the shores of the sea, which runs parallel to the Red Sea coastline.3-4 floors: These buildings are concentrated inside the urban block of Hurghada the areas west of the tourist strip of the city, especially in the areas of Dahar, Arabs and the Crescent and the western area of the village villages.5-6 floors : concentrated in the area north of the plateau of the plateau, and the area north of the divisions of the moon Hilal.7 floors and more: These buildings are spread in many commercial areas, especially in the area located on the Victory Road, the urban block of the city.
Concrete Structural buildings: spread throughout the city where these types of buildings constitute the vast majority of the buildings of the city. Bearing Wall: These buildings are concentrated in the areas west of the Sheikh Dahar and south of the Arab region as well as in the southwestern part of the port area. Brick buildings: concentrated in buildings located in Zerzara, Jabal al-Afsh, Jabal Mujahid, north and east port area and buildings. Metal buildings: concentrated in a very limited number of buildings scattered in the city. Other buildings: also concentrated in a limited number of buildings spread. 37
Landscape
-open space -trees -agriculture patterns -adjacencies Hurghada- In a new residential compound located in one of the best and prestigious city-area, near the sea, nubian style semi-detached villa on three floors.
38
Complex British Resort is located in the heart of Hurghada, in the district of Al Kawthar, within walking distance to the sandy beaches and coastal pedestrian area of Hurghada.
Al Kawthar this area with developed infrastructure, where Europeans prefer to live. The complex has 350 residential apartments, garden and two swimming pools.
Tiba Plaza is characterized by its unique location in the heart of the El Gawhara division as the distinction comes from located on three streets and square allows the apartment to see the sunlight that you can choose from among the internal view of the swimming pool or exterior as each of them are special.
This property is 3 minutes walk from the beach. Featuring a private beach, Le Pacha Resort offers air-conditioned rooms with a private balcony. Each overlooks the landscaped pool area or Red Sea. Wind-surfing and snorkeling is possible at the beach. More Information click the link: -https://drive.google.com/file/d/1guBLKDt37KPhCFC-UpzaSnoj-kMuI0n_/view?usp=sharing
Natural vegetation in Egypt varies since there originally isn't a lot of rainfall. Where some form of water is found, perennials and grasses are found. The coastal strip has rich plant life in the spring. The Eastern desert receives sparse rainfall, also supporting vegetation including tamarisk, acacia, and markeh (a leafless thorn-less tree with bare branches and slender twigs), as well as thorny shrubs, small succulents, and aromatic herbs. Growth is even more interesting in the Wadis of the Red Sea Hills and of the Sinai and in the Elba Mountains in the southeast. 39
Demographics
Hurghada, Demographics Population: 261,714 Increased by 256.5% between 1987 and 2005 Between 2006-2012 population grown by 8.45% Population increased by 256.5% between 1987 and 2005 Urban Area increased by 400% during these years Urban area increased 1.5 times faster than population
40
Red Sea Demographics Female Population: 147,000 Male Population: 215,000 Employment in public sector: 12% Employment in informal sector: 21% Unemployment rate: 8.7% Unemployment rate (over 15 years of age and university education): 18%
Russian Population: 3,000 documented residents, 20,000+ undocumented Hosts the largest number of Russian residents in the country Mostly single women, sometimes with children Europeans get a 3 month visa, Russians and Ukrainians only have a 1 month visa maximum
Hiring mainly tourism sector, but also mining, fishing, and construction Foreigners who move permanently typically work in diving, guiding, real estate, and nightlife business Russians, Germans, Eastern Europeans, and British
41
Open Spaces, Vegetation & Agriculture Patterns
42
43
Development History
Timeline of Hurghada
Hurghada 1985
Hurghada Development plan 2020
Development goals for Hurghada -Major development goals for Hurghada are: -Tourism development. -Eco-tourism -Controlling mass tourism. -Developing new tourist facilities to attract tourists.
Hurghada 2014
-Waste Management. -Developing efficient transport system. -Protecting the ecology. -Housing and employment of local community. -Developing infrastructure to meet future needs.
Visual difference showing the development occurred on the Hurghada beach over the years from 1985 to the current resort town.
44
-Making the town self sustainable. -Flash floods management.
Tourism Demographics
Types of Tourism
Destinations Landmarks
Mosque El Mina Masjid
Resorts
Makadi bay: hotels, shops, clubs, no local settlement El Gouna: hotel town, 14 hotels, 3 marinas, private villas and apartments
Islands
Giftun Islands: snorkeling, scuba, paddling, beach Shadwan Island: 5 ship wrecks
Dive Sites
Approximately 60 dive sites Straights of Gubal: wreck diving Gota Abu Ramada: “The Aquarium”, Wall dive Most of the tourist in the area are European “Package holiday tourist”, or people who book trips as a complete package. Some tourist are Egyptians coming from Cairo, the delta, and upper Egypt.
Types of tourist industries in Hurghada include luxury tourism, resort tourism, Eco tourism, therapeutic tourism.
Close By
Activities include night clubs, water parks, “Cleopatra” Markets, windsurfing, sailing, golfing, bowling, and deep sea fishing among others.
Threats to The Tourist Industry
Luxor, Cairo, Asuan reachable by plane in a day Safaga, south of Hurghada
Possible threats to the industry include fear of political unrest as well as environmental decay from pollution, sedimentation from construction, coastal alteration, over-fishing.
45
Environmental Factors
Marine Ecology & Environment This region of the Red Sea represents one of the most unique marine environments and important repositories of marine biodiversity. The coastal and marine environments creates a distinct set of habitats and species in inter-tidal and sub-tidal areas. In the inter-tidal habitat, mangrove swamps are visible and vital ecologically. The corals reefs and sea-grass of the sub-tidal areas are also vital habitats.
Climate Climate of Hurghada is subtropical desert, with mild winter and hot summers. Precipitation is basically non-existent, with only a few millimeters per year. The city receives sunshine all year round. The sea water temperatures are nice and warm from June to October and becomes slightly cooler in winter but still swimmable. Desert environments such as Hurghada are susceptible to flash foods in wadi floors, which are dry channels or valleys. This occurrence is once or twice, normally in the spring and fall and increased in recent years.
46
The coastal tourism has had a major impact on the environment. The tourism movement has accounted for degeneration to the reefs because of the popularity. The major tourism-exposed reef sites have suffered physical damage which is reflected in regularly having lower frequency of hard coral, higher percent of soft coral and high amounts of algae. The main damage is due to anchors and divers. The construction of hotels and other infrastructure involve the destruction of fringing reefs due to dredging or dumping large amounts of sediment.
47
48
PHASE ANALYSIS 49
PHASE 1: Entrance Gateway
Hurghada Land Uses and Building Analysis Site Circulation Analysis
SITESPECIFICBUILDING AND LANDUSES SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENTH • • PARK RESIDENTIAL
•
TOURISM RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL
Resorts are closed to the coast and harbors Airport is near these resorts, which make a good tourism environment Residential mixed with commercial to make a convenience life
WEAKNESS • •
• •
Airport may be noisy to the residential area The heights of buildings are relatively even which makes the skyline bland Residential buildings are too compact Very few public area
OPPORTUNITY • •
•
Need to bring more economy Make a planting barrier for those residential area to prevent the noise from airport Improve and unify the main streetscape
THREAT
• •
Muddy old buildings Lack of green areas
AIRPORT MARINA HOSPITAL
STRATEGIES:
SCHOOL
Build new landscape and streetscape for the residential &commercial area to bring more economy Use plants to decrease the noise from airport
COMMERCIAL
MOHAMEDSAID STREET
MOHAMEDSAID STREET
SITESPECIFICCIRCULATION SWOT ANALYSIS
AL FONDOK
AL FONDOK
YUSSUF-AFIFI ROAD
YUSSUF-AFIFI ROAD
STRENTH •
•
•
PARK STREET
Roads and streets are walkable and convenient for pedestrians There are many parallel parking space on street side for local business people Circulation system is convenient for hotel pick-up service
WEAKNESS • • •
Very few public road leads to the coast No public water feature Most of the secondary and tertiary roads are used by the mixed pedestrian and vehicles
OPPORTUNITY
• •
More public roads to the beach More formal sidewalks
SECONDARY& TERTIARY ROADS PRIMARY ROADS
HARBOR
HARBOR
SERVICEROADS WATER
50
STRATEGIES: HARBOR
HARBOR
Build formal sidewalks for people in the residential commercial area Build more public roads to the beach Build more public water features
THREAT
• •
Less order of the traffic Hazard for people
Visual Analysis
Open Space
Trees & Water Edge
SITEENVIRONMENT SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENTH •
Existence of waterfront environment with beautiful red sea view
•
Flat topographic condition
•
Green interior landscape with resort
STRATEGIES:
WEAKNESS
•
Flooding potential
•
Very few public spaces
•
Some poor living environment
OPPORTUNITY
•
•
THREAT
Easy access to the waterfront area
•
Flooding threat
•
Not enough open space
Redesign of some buildings
Since the topo of is area is almost flat, it provides good opportunity to have some architectures. Waterfront area can lead axis of this area. Aquaparks and waterfront redevelopment can be good opportunities.
SITELANDSCAPESWOT ANALYSIS
STRENTH
• •
Waterfront view of site Palm tree with artificial gardens
WEAKNESS
•
Living architectural environment need to be developed
OPPORTUNITY
•
•
Redesign of landscape area
THREAT
•
Flooding threat
•
Not enough open space
Waterfront development
STRATEGIES: The design process can be redevelopment of waterfront area, tourism and waterfront landscape are significant elements to be improved.
51
PHASE 2: Grand Hotel 7
Vegetation
5
1. Streetscape: Limited palm trees 2. Grand Resort: Trees and shrubs in beds surrounding pools & trees, shrubs and lawn at the entrance 3. Grand Hotel: Diverse types of trees, groundcovers and lawn throughout property 4. Albratros White Beach: Limited trees with some lawn space & a lot of hardscape 5. Giftun Axur Beach Resort: Diverse types of trees, shrubs, groundcovers and lawn 6. Siva Grand Beach: Trees, shrubs and lawn 7. Sinbad Club Beach Resort: Limited trees and shrubs
Private vs. Public
The more development and attractive areas are located at the two ends of the strip and the beach front. As you move towards the center and the portion along the highway it becomes less developed and has less emphasis on vegetation.
52
4
2
3
6
Solid Waste Management
The responsibility of solid waste pick-up was taken over by the NGO, HEPCA. So successful was this campaign that HEPCA was assigned the responsibility of waste management for the entire city of Hurghada; a city that is estimated to host around 250,000 people and produce nearly 300 tons of waste on a daily basis. Despite weak governance on this issue, the community is determined to make Hurghada a more beautiful place.
Algae in the Red Sea
The designated scuba diving areas adjacent to the Grand Resort and Grand hotel have experienced increased growth of algae over the coral reefs. Algae, however, is being used to create energy for use. If the city could wrangle. Algae can be used to enhance and reinforce the elements in the artificial landscape located within and near the Grand Resort and Hotel. Algae can be used to enhance and reinforce the elements in the artificial landscape located within and near the Grand Resort and Hotel
Shoreline
Several piers protruding outward from the mainland. A sandbar which protrudes out into the water and beside it the beach is separated from the water by a stone wall. There is an inlet that comes inland. Most of the resorts contain private beaches along the shoreline. There is a portion of the beach that appears undeveloped and less used compared to the rest of the beach areas. 53
PHASE 4: Steigenberger Hotel
1.Steigenberger Hotel 2.Continental Hotel 3.Royal Lagoons 4.Hilton Hotel 5.Grand Plaza Hotel S: A large number of recreational facilities along the coast will attract a large number of tourists, bringing good economic benefits. Most houses are in good condition. Hotel facing both sides of street are often owned by the same company. W: There are still plenty of open and vacant spaces, making the city looks incomplete, disconnection between resort area. Residential area separates them by two. Significant areas without vegetables and vacant area at the same situation.
SWOT
54
S: Large public street with a lot of pedestrian bicycle and vehicle, extensive pedestrian goes all through this big resort area. Distinct of hierarchy of road levels. Hotels has access to the water. W: Some areas need improved additional roads for public safety and some place’s road is too narrow. O: Improve design of the road make them more invited, also improve the connection between water and hotel. T: Bring people too close to the water, they may damage the marine ecosystem. The flooding washed the mud go over the road makes them unpassable may also threat of both reef and marine ecosystem.
O: Rational planning and reuse of vacant space; Providing more living houses to local people. T: Airport giving the surrounding residents noise pollution.
Environmental and Landscape Analysis: Flash Floods:
Waste Water Potential This map shows the flow of wastewater from the city of Hurghada to the treatment plant and reforestation plot (black arrows), as well as the path of flood waters coming from the mountains (yellow arrows). Green arrows represent potential of nutrients from treated water to restore coral reefs off the coast.
A flash flood can be generated instantly during or shortly after a rainfall event, especially when high intensity rain falls on steep hill slopes with exposed rocks and lack of vegetation. There have been several destructive flash floods in Hurghada, the most recent ones being in 2010 and 2016.
Flood combating strategy Marking the major wadi’s which bring flood water to the area. Building dams and obstructions on the wadi junctions to retain flood water. Construction of bridges or culverts below the roads at the stream roadway crossing sites. Diverting water from dams to the treatment plant. Supplying the treated water to various uses.
Vegetation Analysis
Water Flow and Settlement
This map details the water flow from the mountains to the sea. Areas in black circles are locations where water collects and settles.
Flash flood vulnerable sites in Hurghada: Circle marks the site studied
Hurghada plants mostly comprise of typical coastal vegetation, with a large number of palm trees to be found along the coastline. Coral gardens and marine vegetation are also rife in this area, with other vegetation including desert and semi-desert vegetation such as shrubs and grasslands as well as flowering plants and crops. The map shows the vegetation zones in the selected site. 55
56
CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT 57
Conceptual Development
Concepts: Local Playground
Concepts: Botanical Garden
Group: Taylor Inzetta, Emily Kelly & Erin Larimore Concepts: Solid Waste Collection Facility
Concepts: Bike Lanes & Street Trees
Concepts: Local Market
GROWTH IN HEALTH, WELLNESS & ECONOMY
Concepts: Gateway Plaza
58
Concepts: Event Center & Amphitheater
Concepts: Water Inlet
59
Desertscape enhancement and developing a sustainable ecosystem
Conceptual Development Group: Xiaoxiang Hu, Tyler Walker & Sharvari Gangal Flood Water Harvesting & Sustainable Tree Farm and Nursery
The conceptual design phase looked at topography, soil conditions, and the existing flood conditions to solve issues of storm water flooding, desertification, and extreme sun intensity.
The topography of the land is pertinent to hydrology and therefore was very important in finding the paths of flood waters and in uncovering a sustainable design solution. Concepts produced from this phase incorporated retaining and collecting flood waters and reuse of treated waste water that would irrigate vegetation at the design site.
The extensive desert on the other side of the city is a characteristic feature which forms the identity of the city.
Lack of organic matter and low absorption capacity of soil and harsh temperatures lead to lack of native vegetation growth. Invasive species take over and grow rapidly causing to loss of natural ecosystems and expansion of deserts.
Flash flood history of Hurghada can be taken into consideration to divert the water from the wadis and retain it for the enhancement of the desertscape, while preventing the city from the disaster.
60
Top: Slope and Elevation Map of Hurghada Middle: Soil Salinity Concentrations of Egypt Bottom: Stormwater Flood Direction in Hurghada
KVIETINI STREET
PUBLIC BEACH
PUBLIC PARK NEAR THE COAST
FLOATING ISLAND
61
Conceptual Development Group: Yuanyuan Wang & Lu Xu
62
63
64
FINAL PROJECTS 65
C U LT I VAT E V I TA L I T Y GROWTH IN HEALTH, WELLNESS & ECONOMY HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT TAYLOR INZETTA
MOSQUE UMBRELLA DETAILS *DESIGN
LEGEND: 1. COMMUNITY GARDEN & AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
A GARDEN TO PROMOTE THE AGRICULTURAL GROWTH FOR THE AREA AS WELL AS A LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR LOCALS, CHILDREN AND TOURISTS. IT IS A LOOK INSIDE INTO HOW AND WHAT CAN GROW IN HURGHADA, AS WELL AS HOW THE COMMUNITY CAN GET INVOLVED. THIS WILL HELP BENEFIT THE GROWTH IN HEALTH, WELLNESS & ECONOMIC VITALITY
4
1 5
2. PALM GROVE
A DATE PALM GROVE CREATES A BARRIER THAT SURROUNDS THE COMMUNITY GARDEN, CULINARY INSTITUTE, AND RESTAURANT. THE PALMS WILL BE UTILIZED FOR PRODUCE AS WELL AS FOR BASKETS TO BE SOLD AT THE MARKET
6
2
7
COMMUNITY MARKET
3. CULINARY INSTITUTE & LOCAL RESTAURANT
A CULINARY INSTITUTE THAT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL RESIDENTS. BOTH THE CULINARY INSTITUTE AND RESTAURANT UTILIZES THE FRESHLY GROWN PRODUCE TO LEARN AND CREATE A LOCAL CUISINE FOR RESIDENTS AS WELL AS TOURISTS
66
3
LEGEND: 4. PLAYGROUND & FIELDS
LOCAL PLAYGROUND & SOCCER FIELDS CLOSE TO THE SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS TO PROVIDE A PLACE TO PLAY FOR THE CHILDREN OF HURGHADA
4
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 5. MARKET
1 5
FRESH FOOD & SPICES FROM LOCAL VENDORS & COMMUNITY GARDEN. SOLD TO RESIDENTS AND TOURISTS. PROMOTES LOCAL CULTURE, THE COMMUNITY GARDEN & LOCAL CUISINE
PROMOTED THROUGH AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION & LOCALLY HELD EVENTS
6. EVENT & GATHERING SPACE 3 2
SHADED SPACE FOR LOCAL EVENTS. PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RESIDENTS TO ENGAGE WITH THE TOURISTS. A WAY TO CONNECT THE CULTURAL EVENTS HAPPENING WITHIN HURGHADA
6
7 7. WATER FEATURE & GATEWAY
COMMUNITY GARDEN & AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
SMALL WATER FEATURE THAT HOLDS EXTERIOR SEATING TO PROMOTE THE PARK TO THOSE COMING FROM THE SOUTH. A WAY TO PROMOTE THE SITE THROUGH VANTAGE POINTS TO TOURISTS MOVING ALONG THE 6.3km
67
C U LT I VAT E V I TA L I T Y GROWTH IN HEALTH, WELLNESS & ECONOMY HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT TAYLOR INZETTA
MISSION STATEMENT:
TO CREATE A LANDSCAPE THAT WILL BENEFIT ECONOMIC VITALITY WITHIN THE CITY OF HURGHADA WHILE PROMOTING LOCAL CULTURE AND CONTRIBUTING TO URBAN HEALTH AND WELLNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
BRIEF PROJECT NARRATIVE: HURGHADA IS A MAJOR TOURIST CITY IN EGYPT. MOST OF THE AREA ALONG THE 6.3km STRETCH IS CATERED TO THE TOURISTS THAT ENJOY THE
ALL INCLUSIVE RESORTS. HOWEVER, HURGHADA IS MISSING PIECES FOR THE LOCAL RESIDENTS, SUCH AS LOCAL MARKETS, EVENT SPACES, AND EVEN PLAYGROUNDS. THIS SITE WILL NOT ONLY BRING AN ECONOMIC BENEFIT FOR THE CITY BUT WILL ALSO PROMOTE ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AS WELL AS PLACE FOR THE RESIDENTS TO
ENGAGE WITH EACH OTHER IN ADDITION TO THE TOURISTS WHO VISIT THEIR CITY. IT
LEARNING OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RESIDENTS OF HURGHADA AND THE VISITORS. THE TOURISTS ARE ABLE TO ENGAGE IN LOCAL CULTURAL EVENTS, EXPERIENCE HOW LOCAL VEGETATION IS GROWN, INDULGE IN LOCAL FOODS AND SPICES, AND EXPERIENCE THE CITY OF HURGHADA THROUGH THE INTERACTION AND PLAY WITHIN THIS SITE. ALL TOGETHER THIS SITE WILL BRING GROWTH IN HEALTH, WELLNESS & ECONOMIC VITALITY TO THE CITY OF HURGHADA BECOMES A
68
MOSQUE UMBRELLA DETAILS
INDULGE
ECONOMIC VITALITY
PLAY
HEALTH & WELLNESS
IN LOCALLY GROWN FOODS & SPICES
ON THE OPEN FIELDS & PLAYGROUND
PROMOTED THROUGH THE MARKET, CULINARY INSTITUTE & RESTAURANT
PROMOTED THROUGH PLAY & AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
69
HURGHADA BOTANICAL GARDEN HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT ERIN LARIMORE
Project Narrative A botanical garden can help solve issues pertaining to some environmental concerns of the area. It can act as a natural urban green space that is created by different gardens and collecting of living plants that have functional purpose or potential value for research, education, public display, conservation, sustainable practices, tourism and recreational interest, production of plant-based products to sell, and for a healthier living environment. Considering the importance and value that the Red Sea’s marine ecosystem provides to surrounding region as well as the flora and fauna, the design is based on the geometry of the wave. A wave brings land and water together and acts as an unifying element that brings balance to nature. Incorporating this concept into the botanical garden promotes this balance between the man-made structures on land and the natural marine environment. The wave provides the inspiration behind the forms and layout of the garden. Mangrove Tower
70
Crevice Garden
Cactus & Succulent Garden
Palm Grove
71
HURGHADA GREEN OASIS Final Design HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT YUANYUAN WANG
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ENVIRONMENT + NEW WORLD SPACE
Facts -Flooding water will be absorbed by the desert before it comes to The Walkway -Access to the sea is very low, most of the beach belong to hotels. -Green areas are all private in hotels. -The water features are all private in hotels, except for sea water but without main axis. -High density of resort buildings. -High temperature. -Local people and tourists are separated Goals -Bring more green public space for local people. -Attract local citizens to The Walkway area. -Make tourists explore outside of hotels. -Provide an exhibition of desert plants. -Create a landscape to revive local natural condition. -Create an educational environment.
72
Concepts DESERT & SEA
SAND & WATER
Botanical Garden
TERRESTRIAL PLANTS & AQUATIC PLANTS
Hurghada Green Oasis
HUMAN & NATURE
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Shadow Layout & Shelters This Botanical Garden has a comfortable rhythm of shade areas that made by both shade structures, buildings and trees. On the other hand, the open areas provide great view experience and moonlight in the evening. Solar panels on the roofs will transfer the solar energy for lighting and other power consumption facilities. Green Area This proposal means to create large green spaces to cool off the Hurghada beach area, and also to create an educational botanical garden that allows visitors of all ages to get an opportunity to learn about tropical desert plants. Plants of different families will be planted in different areas to create an overall organic plants landscape, while also facilitating the learning and recognition of similar plants. Paving & Circulation Most of the areas are pedestrian-friendly. The transition from the imitation of sand-covered pavements to the real sandy beach allows visitors to experience different material texture. In addition, the small gardens on both sides of the entrance are open to the public and will attract more tourists to buy tickets. Water Body The entire water body was formed by the introduction of seawater, with an average water depth of between 8 feet and 12 feet, ensuring both the flow of moving water and safety. This method was carried out at Gouna, 17 miles north of the site, successfully. Large area of water is not only creating richer landscape elements, cool down micro-climates, but also form a metabolic system throughout the site.
MASTERPLAN 0’
60’
120’
180’
Flowers Corridor Public Garden Agaves Garden Box Office Gift Shop Aquatic Organisms Museum Wooden Deck Palm trees Beach Bridge Amphitheatre Cactus Garden Greenhouse Pergola
73
SMART NEW WORLD HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT LU XU
74
75
GREENSPACE PUBLIC LANDSCAPE & URBAN SYSTEMS
PAVING & BUILDING
HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT XIAOXIANG HU
DECK
TREES
HURGADA PUBLIC PARK Hurgada is a city on the west coast of Red Sea in Egypt. The abundant water resources and transportation make the city more and more prosperous.
ROAD SYSTEM
The concept originated from the beautiful corals. The shape of beautiful tentacles on the corals allowed me to create the shape and road system of the entire island park. Because there are already too many commercial hotels around, local residents urgently need public green parks to release their post-work stress or provide a space for them to spend the evening, being able to stay in landscapes, get close to rivers and their families and friends to enjoy the sunset. Also, sports enthusiasts can plan their own jogging routes to keep fit.
GRASS & GROUNDCOVER & SAND
From the general cross-section to the detailed cross-section, the relationship between green space, paving, and water is explained to varying degrees, allowing people to straightly feel the composition of the park.
OCEAN & WATER SYSTEM
76
LEGEND: C 1
C 2
D
3
FRONT GATE GARDEN
2
TICKET OFFICE
3
"CORAL" PLAZA-1
4
RESTAURANT
5
"CORAL" PLAZA-2
6
BOAT RENTAL OFFICE
7
LANDMARK GARDEN
8
AMPHITHEATER
9
"CORAL" PLAZA-3
10
"CORAL" BEACH
11
VIP PARKING LOT
B
4
1
D 5
SECTIONS-2
SECTIONS-1
A-A
B-B SECTIONS DEATAIL
6
7
C-C 11 8
A
A
9
D-D
B
10
77
E
GREENSPACE PUBLIC LANDSCAPE & URBAN SYSTEMS HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT XIAOXIANG HU
E
PUBLIC GREEN COMMUNITY PARK & AMPHITHEATER
78
The small, hard paving plaza is a continuation of the entrance gateway paving. It also makes this green landscape less boring. When small events and parties take place, people can gather in this small plaza, singing, dancing, playing with friends and family. The center island has an axisymmetric amphitheater, and the convenient transportation system makes it easy for residents and tourists to reach the amphitheater. At the same time, the VIP parking lot is arranged on the right side of the island, let the actors and their staffs easy to manage when important opera happens. The bottom of the island is composed of a huge wooden stacking platform and a sunny beach. As a public beach, it mainly meets the needs of the surrounding residents for recreation. A small park with hard-paving at the rear makes it possible for people to take their family and friends to have a place to walk and enjoy the beautiful scenery. At the same time, a small restaurant allows people to have a place have some food. The landscape of the river bank was inspired by the natural landscape of Europe, because the Hurgada has many tourists from European, giving them some of the local cultural aesthetics influence. Since the surrounding commercial hotels have more or less of these elements, my style on both sides of the river is continued using the same tactics, making the entire park fit into the surroundings.
The terraced islands with a wooden platform for people's activities. At the same time, there is a coffee house where people can purchase some drinks to quench their thirst while enjoying the fun. They can also sit under the roof of the coffee house to enjoy the sea view. There is a small green area in the middle of island, where people can feel the beautiful ecological environment.
The significance of the entire park is to let the surrounding residents have a green space to enjoy their leisure time. On Friday evening, local residents walk with family and friends to the waterfront, go to a hard-paved plaza, or sit by the sea for a cup of tea and taste the coffee. It is good for people's physical and mental health.
F
F
F-F
79
VISUALIZING A SUSTAINABLE DESERTSCAPE HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT SHARVARI GANGAL
This project aims at enhancing the visual character of the landscape and make it more ecologically rich and sustainable. Hurghada although is popular for the scuba diving and the Red sea, it essentially is also a part of the great Sahara desert. To enhance the desert is to strengthen the identity of the city. The images on the bottom show the current visual character of the space as viewed from the highway. With very little or almost no vegetation the visual character is pretty monotonous and arid. The mountains at a distance bring about a slight variation in elevation. For any tourist place to be successful preserving the local character of the place plays a very important role. This is what differentiates the place from the rest of the world and makes it special.
Case Study: Tarim Desert, China
The above map shows the highway passing on the periphery of Hurghada. On one side lies the expanding tourist city and on the other side lie the mountains, wadis and the great desert. Since the highway serves as the boundary between the desert and the city it plays a major role in the city’s functioning. On one side it is preserving the natural landscape of Hurghada and on the other side it is protecting the city from flash floods and serving as the major connectivity thread between Cairo and Hurghada. 80
Concept
The 552-kilometer-long desert crossing highway is the world’s longest highway across a shifting-sand desert which often covers the road. To prevent the highway from getting buried by the encroaching sand dunes, rows of vegetation were planted on both sides of the road to anchor the sand with their roots. In order to allow the visitors to stop and admire the landscape and take photographs, spaces are created along the roadside which can be used to stop the vehicle for a while.
Design proposal The concept of enhancing the Hurghada desertscape is based on two major factors: 1. Beautifying the desert, preventing the expansion of desert, making it more green and sustainable, improving the soil quality for agricultural development. 2. The second concept is to make the desertscape more sustainable and capable enough to fight the natural disasters like flash flooding. The flood water from the wadis flowing from the mountains to the desert can be diverted in such a way that it does not reach the city but instead can be put to a good use by retaining it at specific places.
Proposed plan of gas station and restaurant along the highway to provide refreshments for the travelers as its a very long and isolated highway.
Proposed plan of a photography stops along the highway for tourists to stop and admire the desertscape while traveling through the highway.
Dune construction methodology The naturally occurring dunes are formed along the lines of the wadis, which permit the flow of flood water towards the highway. The proposed sand dunes are built in a strategic direction so as to block the flow of flood water and redirect it in the low lying areas created by the dunes. The dune walls can be constructed using some local materials like rocks. The wind will keep bringing the sand over the years and dunes will be formed over the walls naturally. This would promote the growth of vegetation over the years in these low lying areas. Section
Plan
Strategies: Artificial sand dunes are proposed all across the desert at strategic locations. The dunes are located on the lines of the major wadis. These dunes will act as dams during floods retaining water in the depressions around the dunes thereby allowing the growth of vegetation and diverting water.
Master Plan: Showing the proposed dunes
81
A Sustainable Forest... in the Desert HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT TYLER WALKER
The Master Plan to the left contains elements that utilize treated waste water and grey water for the irrigation of tree farms and agricultural and horticultural demonstration gardens. The vegetation grown at these locations will then be harvested for resources or transplanted somewhere for city beautification. From top going Counterclockwise: Master Plan, Elevation of Tree Farm from Highway, Elevations of Young and Mature Trees in tree farm
82
The demonstration gardens will invite the public in to learn about both home gardening and about the sustainable municipal waste water plan. The vegetation will include ornamental trees and shrubs, herbaceous flowers, fruit trees and vineyards, and other plants of value. Shaded parking is provided, as well as picnic tables, benches, and interactive art installations. An avenue of palms will connect the site with the tourist walk way. Perspective of Demo Garden
Elevations of Sand Dunes
Detail Plan
Perspective of Palm Avenue
Elevation of Site from Highway Detail Plan
Perspective of Demo Gardens
83
Community Vibrancy Hurghada Egypt Playground + Street Market HURGHADA, EGYPT
ADVANCED URBAN DESIGN STUDIO - SPRING 2018 PROFESSOR NASSAR & PROFESSOR HEWITT KIFFIN POWELL
Primary Roads
Site
Buildings
Secondary Roads
Community vibrancy is the concept of putting people first, and creating an experience that bands the differing assemblies of a community together. A vibrant city or community is designed for the people; bringing solutions to the community that results in connection, resilience, and a healthy and emotionally rich society. In an area such as Hurghada, Egypt, there is large dividing barrier between the residential community, and the tourist community. Improving the community vibrancy will open the gates for the contrasting communities to coalesce.
84
In this design, a community playground and street market have been implemented. The playground and public park area is placed near the residential communities. This design was intended to bring the residential community together within itself. In such a large tourist area, the full-time residents can often be forgotten. The street market is intended to connect the communities together and immerse the tourists into the Egyptian culture, not just the tourism facet, while also attracting the full-time residents to the market where they can socialize and educate the visitors about their culture.
85