Wuhan Studio / Spring 2017 by clemson51

Wuhan, China 2017 | Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................I

Landscape...................................................42 Development................................................44

Team Members..............................................................II Site Analysis................................................................49 Precedent Studies.........................................................1 Group 1........................................................50 Bordeaux, France..........................................2 Group 2........................................................58 Cienfuegos, Cuba.........................................4 Group 3........................................................64 Copenhagen, Denmark.................................6 Group 4........................................................72 Genoa, Italy....................................................8 Harbour Island, Bahamas............................10 Concept Approach......................................................79 Santorini, Greece.........................................12 Resilient Design..........................................80 Shenzhen, China.........................................14 Sustainable Urban Design..........................88 Venice, Italy.................................................16 Ecological Design........................................94 Health City Design....................................100 Analysis Studies..........................................................19 Demographics..............................................20 Master Plan & Site Specific Details...........................107 Urban Form.................................................22 Resilient Urban Design..............................108 Circulation....................................................28 Sustainable Urban Design.........................112 Environmental Factors.................................30 Ecological Revitalization............................120 Agriculture....................................................34 Health City Design....................................126 Heritage........................................................36

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Introduction

Introduction

In spring of 2017, the Advanced Urban Design Studio at Clemson University collaborated with Huazhong Agricultural University in China and Ain Shams University in Egypt to work on a cross-discipline, cross-cultural and international design project in Wuhan, China. The site addressed by the three international studios was Sixin District in Wuhan. With the support of Professors Gao Shi, Mengyuan Xu and the Department of Landscape Architecture at Huazhong Agricultural University, the three studio professors and students are invited to Wuhan in June 2017 to present their final design solutions for Sixin District.

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain at the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers. Sixin District is one of the newly developed urban area in Wuhan city. Surrounded by Yangtze River and four lakes, Sixin District covers 37.5 square kilometer, with a total population of 52,000 according to the comprehensive master plan. It is generally a lowland with rich water sources. The project site, called â&#x20AC;&#x153;the squareâ&#x20AC;?, is at the heart of Sixin District and in close proximity to the Yangtze River and Wuhan new International Convention Center. The size of the site is 1 square

kilometer, with a 50 hectors new town and 50 hector urban wetland park. The population projected for the district is 9,000 people according to the comprehensive masterplan. Our studio in Clemson University engaged in the examination of precedent studies, analysis studies, site analysis, different conceptual approach, and produced master plan and site specific details based on theoretical approaches and guidelines of Sustainable Landscapes, Healthy Cities, Ecological Urban Design and Resilient Urban Landscapes.

Nassar, Hala, Ph.D Professor; Graduate Coordinator of Landscape Architecture Insturctor of Wuhan project, Clemson Studio Contact Office: Lee 3-104 Phone: (864) 656-2499 Email: hnassar@clemson.edu Education Ph.D., Ain Shams University; M.AG., Pennsylvania State University; M.S., Ain Shams University; B.S., Ain Shams University

Team Members

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Team Members

Qingci Cao

Yi Huang

Zhaowei Si

Mengxiao Li

2nd Professional MLA Preferred Name: Sean DoB: 05/30/1992 Nationality: China Home: ZhenJiang, JiangSu

1st Professional MLA Preferred Name: Yi DoB: 11/03/1993 Nationality: China Home: Zhenjiang, Jiangsu

1st Professional MLA Preferred Name: Zhaowei DoB: 09/11/1992 Nationality: China Home: Hangzhou, Zhejiang

2nd Professional MLA Preferred Name: Lea DoB: 02/29/1992 Nationality: China Home: Yaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an, Sichuan

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: qingcic@clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)6268046 Wechat: cqccccccccccccc

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: yhuang2@clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)9064663 Wechat: 418577658

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: zsi@g.clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)9865727 Wechat: 330936913

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: mengxil@g.clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)3532325 Wechat: 18571609229

EDUCATION Arch, arts and humanities college, Clemson University Candidate for Master of Landscape Architecture

Shandong Agricultural University Bachelor of Landscape Gardening

Huazhong University of Science & Technology Bachelor of Engineer, Landscape Architecture

NanJing Forestry University

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Team Members

Bo Wang

Chen Xu

Zahra Ghazanfari

Zheng Xie

1st Professional MLA Preferred Name: Bo DoB: 06/24/1990 Nationality: China Home: Qingdao, Shandong

2nd Professional MLA Preferred Name:Celine DoB: 05/15/1991 Nationality: China Home: TaiYuan, ShanXi

1st Professional MLA Preferred Name: Zahra DoB: 04/14/1984 Nationality: Iran Home: Tehran

1st Professional MLA Preferred Name: Zheng DoB: 02/25/1992 Nationality: China Home: Taian, Shandong

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: bwang7@g.clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)9865846 Wechat: 8649865846

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: cx@g.clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)6267791 Wechat: 806293686

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: zghazan@g.clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (864)6438784 Wechat: 8646438784

CONTACT INFORMATION Email: zhengx@clemson.edu Telephone Number: +1 (650)6446671 Wechat: 469235874

EDUCATION Arch, arts and humanities college, Clemson University Candidate for Master of Landscape Architecture

Nankai University Bachelor of Art, Environmental Design

SuZhou University of Science and Technology Bachelor of Landscape Architecture

University of Tehran, Iran Bachelor of Landscape Architecture

Southwest University Bachelor of Agronomy, Landscape Architecture

III

Precedent Studies

Bordeaux France Population: 1,178,335 Founded: 300 bc Size: 49360 ha

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Bordeaux

Top Left: Location of Bordeaux Top Right: Urban Setting Middle: Compare of Historical street

·From 1940 to 1943, the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina Italiana) established BETASOM, a submarine base at Bordeaux. Italian submarines participated in the Battle of the Atlantic from this base, which was also a major base for German U-boats as headquarters of 12th U-boat Flotilla. The massive, reinforced concrete U-boat pens have proved impractical to ·The Port of the Moon, port city of Bordeaux in south-west France. ·Located on the south bank of Garonne Lake ·Capital city of a world-famous wine production region and the importance of its port in commerce at regional and international levels.

demolish and are now partly used as a cultural center for exhibitions.

The municipality (commune) of Bordeaux proper has a population of 243,626 (2012). Together with its suburbs and satellite ·The streets of Bordeaux have a towns, Bordeaux is the centre of little change from 1940 to mod- the Bordeaux Métropole. With ern times. The historical streets 749,595 inhabitants (as of 2013) and buildings have a great and 1,178,335 in the Metropolitan Area. The boom growth protection. population has become one of main points of urban development problems.

Nem quam fugit omni to invelit iorestiatet ut aut experspe ex et optiossuntis eaqui quam harit repudis nobiti ute aut autasimet as duntotatur similit quistis ilitia int quianiende nullora comnihitame perorias re repe etur? Bor aut esequi ra seque de voloriatatia pla quunt velendi psunti blacitem volorenti con poritatur? Quia sim re repra sunt omniet occus dolorum faccus dunt, ·Historical heritage building located half of the city

The river bank was the second project to solve the problem. Its a rebuild of urban public space. ·In the 21st century the reconstruction plan of the both sides of the Garrone river bank is that a redesign of riverside road, repairing and dismantling the old tent factory.In the left bank of the river plans to provide citizens with 30 square kilometers urban public space.

·18th century classical continues today, with the style of the neoclassicism that make whole city and architecture maintain harmony

Four Challenges of Bordeaux Urban Designv ·Inconvenience traffic of the old town ·The core of city lacked creative activities ·The Garron river bank lacks public space ·It`s difficult to protect the cultural heritages during the development process

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Bordeaux

Urban Light rail was the First project to solve the problems. Its a return of Urban Public Space. The implementation of the light rail transit has instilled new vitality and modern breath for the city of bordeaux , as a new symbol of bordeaux. Light rails connected the three zones of city. Make citizens easily live on the outside of city and work on the center.

The market was the third project to solve the problem. Its the use of urban public space. ·Alternative way of protecting heritage - into people daily life. ·Churchs are the center of the public spirit and public life, today, three squares surrounding the church still play an important role in urban public life.

Top Left: Urban Fabric Form of Bordeaux Top Middle: The Light Rail of Bordeaux Top Right: The River Bank of Bordeaux Bottom: The Market of Bordeaux

Cienfuegos

Cuba

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Cienfuegos

Population: 150000 Founded: 1819 Size: 333 km2

Cienfuegos is located on the Caribbean coast of southern central Cuba at the heart of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sugar cane, mango, tobacco and coffee production. It was founded, as the Colony Fernandina de Jagua, in the Spanish territory in 1819, but settled by French from Bordeaux, Louisiana, Philadelphia and Guarico. Cienfuegos Location

Top Left: Block of Historical Center in Cienfuegos Top Right: Four Streets closed the Historical Aera Bottom: Constractions in the Aera

This formal foundation followed a series of earlier attempts in this region, where the economy was based on cattle-raising and cultivation of tobacco. Clara in the south, Velazco in the west, and Hourruitiner in the east.

After the War of Independence from Spain ended, there was new capital entering from North America. By 1914, American investors were proprietors of the most important sugar mills in the province. Trade developed mainly with the United States, the principal market for Cienfuegos. With the new administrative division of 1976, the city of Cienfuegos became the capital of the province with the same name, increasing its development further. The local administration remained concentrated in the downtown area. As a whole, this area has retained its historic fabric without such drastic changes as is common in many historic cities. Today, the city is still developing and has some 167,000 inhabitants.

The core zone of the World Heritage site is 70 ha, consisting of part of the 19th-century town. The buffer zone is 105 ha, covering one urban block on the landside and two blocks on the peninsula. In addition, it extends along the coast towards the south.The original central square of the town, the Plaza de Armas, was enlarged with another block to the west in 1830. This area was reserved for public functions: government buildings, a church, and the customs building and similar. The town developed as a compact structure, initially in neoclassical style, later eclectic, forming an overall unity. Most of the buildings have one or two storeys. The facades are generally plain without porches.

Dennis restrengthened to a category 4 hurricane, but weakened to a category 3 hurricane before making landfall near Navarre Beach, Florida late on the 10th. Dennis devolved into an elongated remnant low in the western Tennessee Valley early on the 12th, then looped over southern Indiana from the 13th through 15th.

The 1935 Cuba hurricane was an intense and deadly tropical cyclone which caused devastation across many areas of the western Atlantic, particularly Cuba and The Bahamas, in September and October 1935. The fifth tropical storm and third hurricane of the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Cienfuegos

average minimum and maximum average monthly precipitation over temperature in Cienfuegos (fahren- the year (rainfall, snow) (2016) heit)

average water temperature over the year (2016)

average monthly rainy days over the year(2016)

Top Left: 1935 Cuba Hurricane route Top Right: Hurricane Dennis July 7-18, 2005 Left: Historical Center Aera in Cienfuegos Above: Hurricane Dennis in 2005

average humidity over the year (2016) 05

Copenhagen Denmark

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Copenhagen

Population: 1.8 million Founded: 10th century Size: 8,824 ha

Copenhagen is a true metropolis. The City of Copenhagen is inhabited by half a million people or one tenth of Denmark’s total population. 1.8 milion people inhabit the peripheral ring of greater Copenhagen metropolitain area which is a third of Denmark’s population. As the city matured and developed the 5 Finger Plan regional development plan and the Green Structure to guide green space planning, it underwent a number of evolutions. Five Finger Plan The Five Finger Plan, developed in 1947 through Urban Planning Labratory in collaboration with urban planners Steen Eiler Rasmussen and Christian Erhardt “Peter” Bredsdorff, is an urban development plan that focuses on both metropolitan train

Top Left: The Little Mermaid Top Right: Green Wedge in Copenhagen Middle Right: Superkilen Bottom: The Five Finger Plan

lines and the green spaces in between. As you can see from the graphic, the idea is that the train lines (s-tog) spread like fingers on a hand from the “palm” of central Copenhagen. Principles + Urbanization will develop in slender fingers + Green wedges of undeveloped land will remain between fingers + Finger development will follow public transport (esp. railways) + Suburbs will develop like pearls on a string + Inhabitants will live in close proximity to green spaces

of core green wedges and peripheral green 12 The Finger Plan wedges. Furthermore, the Finger Plan includes“green urban wedges”. The green urban wedges are areas within the core urban municipalities of regional significance for outdoor Green Spaces activities. All areas in the green As the city fingers have urban wedges were already stretched out, so the green wedges have also been extend- designated as green areas in the municipal plan. ed and today they consist

Transportation The road network was divided into two types to make less chaotic traffic of downtown streets: the local streets, and suburban streets. Suburban streets connected the “five fingers” to center and then developed radially. These roads are Also connected to each other by a system of 4 concentric rings, thanks to which we can move from one

The suburban rail network develops also in radial following

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Copenhagen to reduce pravite transport and the 5 guidelines. The stations are very frequent, so they can encourage people to the use allow the use of even for small public transportation. services, and in the last 50 years, residential and commercial areas have been built right near the main station. in such way, both with the system of buses and rails, they tried to Middle: The Road and Railway create a network capable of en- System suring a public transport service Bottom Left: Bicycle in the city throughout the territory, trying Bottom Right: Nørreport Station

Bicycles So widespread are cycles and cycle lanes throughout the city that the term “Copenhagenize” has come to meet adding bicycle infrastructure to a city. In fact, when New York City decided to make their city more cycle-friendly, they hired Copenhagen urban designer Jan Gehl. Nearly 40% of people in Copenhagen cycle daily, with that

number expected to continue rising. But it wasn’t always this way in Copenhagen; if you see photos of the 20th century, up until the late 1960’s, there were cars everywhere. Copenhagen isn’t just an example of how cycling infrastructure can work, it’s an example of how fast it can be adopted by a city and its people. Just try imagining CPH without the bikes; can you even do it?

point to another in a time relatively short. The plan also included a dedicated bus system that ran through the main arteries and that then connected with those local streets, thus it ensured a Service which can cover the whole urban area and suburban area.

Genoa Italy

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies |Genoa

Population: 588,688 Founded: 4 - 5 bc Size: 24360 ha

Genoa, Genoese and Ligurian Zena, the capital of Liguria is located in the Gulf of Genoa in front of the Ligurian Sea and is the sixth largest city in Italy. Genoa is set in a mountainous area with large elevation changes in its urban area. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006. The city’s rich cultural history in

Top Left: City of Genoa Top Right: Arial Photo of Genoa Middle: Location of Genoa in Italy Bottom left: Administrative subdivision Bottom Right: Lanterna, Genoa

notably its art, music and cuisine allowed it to become the 2004 European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, Niccolò Paganini and Giuseppe Mazzini have played an important role in the city’s prosperity since the middle of the 15th century. Genoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of

north-west Italy, is one of the country’s major economic centers. The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century, and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407, is among the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the city’s prosperity since the middle of the 15th century. Administrative subdivision: The city of Genoa is subdivided into 9 Municipi (administrative districts), as approved by the Municipal Council in 2007. Symbols of the city: The symbols of the city are the Lanterna (the lighthouse) (117 metres (384 feet) high), old and standing lighthouse visible in the distance from the sea (beyond 30 kilometres (19 miles)

Urban regeneration in the his- center buildings. In the water plane a new marina was develtoric center of Genoa, Italy: oped. In this new body the port, The area has several social â&#x20AC;&#x201C; economics problem indicators: the city and private investors are a large proportion of immigrants, present. unemployment, decaying build- all of the commercial and inings and public spaces, decay- dustrial activities were banned from the old basin, which has an ing infrastructure systems and environmental damage. On the incredible historic and cultural other hand, the area has some value. significant historical buildings. The tourism sector has a signifi cant growth potential. - Urban enhancement: improving the physical urban environment, the waterfront and the historic center are restructured, green spaces and sport areas, university have been developed - Socio-economic regeneration: promoting entrepreneurship and the development of the tourism sector - Environment: improvement of community transport access - Using old port of area, (the port could no longer use), including old warehouses and cranes It gave to the city a much needed public space and access to the water Focus of the project as putted in services and leisure activities: including a museum, a library, the new aquarium, the congress

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies |Genoa

Top Left: Old Hisroric Area Top Right: Waterfront project, linear park Left: Water front, Genoa Above: Aquarium, waterfront project

Harbour Island Bahamas Population: 1,762 Founded: 1492

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies |Harbour Island

Top Left: Birdview of the island Top Right: The pink sands beach Bottom: Masterplan & diving view

The island is located approximately 200 miles from Miami, 60 miles from Nassau and 2 miles East of Eleuthera.

Dunmore Town is the main and only town on Harbor Island and one of the oldest settlements in the Bahamas. A small quaint village featuring New England arThe Bahamas were the site chitecture, Dunmore was known of Columbus‘ first landfall in for its ship building and sugar refinement in the late 1800s. the New World in 1492. Making rum making was particToday the descendants of ularly popular during Prohibition. slaves and free Africans make One of the many historical feaup nearly 90% of the population. tures of the island include

the “Hill Steps” which were cut from stone by the inhabitants. Another is a cave overlooking the bay called ”Titus Hole” which was purported to serve as a jail. Harbour Island thrived with shipbuilding. Schooners built here carried sponges, fruit and timber to the US and Europe. This prosperity lasted until the outbreak of World War I, when the world was thrown into economic disarray. It wasn’t until the first regular Bahamas Air flights, in 1941, that Harbour Island began to grow with the arrival of tourists. Harbour Island is famous for its pink sand beaches, which are found all along the east side of the island. The pink hue comes from foraminifera, a microscopic organism that actually has a reddish-pink shell. Harbour

Island is a popular vacation destination for Americans. Known as Briland to the locals, Harbour Island is colourful with English Colonial-style buildings and flower lined streets. Harbour Island is part of the Out Islands of the Bahamas. The pink sands beach on Harbor Island: Harbor Island is most renowned for its pale pink sand beaches some 3 plus miles long

a significant role in the environment. Snorkeling and swimming are made safe and easy by outlying reefs. These reefs provide large areas of relatively calm and shallow waters. Harbor Island features one of the top dive sites in the world known as “current cut dive”. Called a “fast drift dive”, Current Cut is a fast current that moves between the rock walls between

and 50 to 100 feet wide - considered one of the very best pink sand beaches in the world. The sand is a composition of bits of coral, broken shells, minute rocks and calcium carbonate from tiny marine invertebrates. The pink color comes from tiny microscopic shelled animals known as Foraminifera. This animal has a bright pink and red shell full of holes through which

Eleuthera and Current island. A scuba diver can drift along the 2/3 mile distance in about 10 minutes. Other amenities of Harbor Island include fine cuisine to family style restaurants, deep sea fishing, surf fishing, day trips to Eleuthera and Spanish Wells, and shopping for souvenirs from the sidewalk vendors in Dunmore Town. There’s something

is extends a footing, called “pseudopodia” which it uses to attach itself and feed. These animals live on the underside of the reefs, on the sea floors, beneath rocks and in caves. They are washed up on shore as a result of waves or fish who knock them loose as they feed on them. Foraminifera are among the most abundant single cell organisms in the ocean and play

for everyone on Harbor Island. The island is accessible by airplane through North Eleuthera Airport, followed by a short water taxi ride from neighbouring North Eleuthera. And there are bikes and golf carts transportation systems in the island.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Harbour Island

Top Left: New England architecture Top Right: Ship-building Left: Transportation Above: Golf cart

Santorini Greece Population: 15,550 Founded: 900 bc Size: 7300 ha

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Santorini

Top Left: The picture of santorini Bottom: Function classfication Traffic Elevation

Santorini , classically Thera , and officially Thira, is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast of Greece’s mainland. It is the largest island of a small, circular archipelago which bears the same name and is the remnant of a volcanic caldera. It forms the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands. The urban layout of the towns on Santorin gives them the appearance of being a single large structure. Houses interpenetrate like organic cells, creating a dense, tight fabric amalgamated by its own heterogeneity.

Urban fabric: High density, narrow streets, small buildings due to: • shortage of safe land • mutual protection from sun & wind • security • family growth • construction economy

Transportation: land: Bus services depart from Fira to most parts of the island Ports:Santorini has two ports: Ferry Port and Old Port.Cruise ships anchor off Skala and passengers are transferred by local boatmen to shore at Skala where Fira is accessed by cable car, on foot or by donkey. Airport:Santorini is one of the few Cyclades Islands with a major airport, which lies about 6 km (4 mi) southeast of downtown Thera. Nem quam fugit omni to inveli

Economic: Santorini’s primary industry is tourism. The two main sources of wealth in Santorini are agriculture and tourism. In recent years, Santorini has been voted one of the world’s most beautiful islands. Architecture: The traditioal architecture of Santorini is similar to that of the other Cyclades, with low-lying cubical houes, made of local stone and

Tourism: In 1956 a major earthquake near Amorgos island resulted in the demolishing of many buildings in the north of Santorini, leading to the desertion of many of its villages. The expansion of tourism has resulted in the growth of the economy and population. The major settlements include Fira (Phira), Oia, Emporio, Kmari, Perissa, Imerovigli, Pyrgos.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Santorini Akrotiri is a major archaeological site, with ruins from the Minoan era. Santorini’s primary industry is tourism, particularly in the summer months.

whitewashed or limewashed with various volcanic ashes used as colours. The unique characteristic is the common utilisation of the hypóskapha: extensions of houses dug sideways or downwards into the surrounding pumice. Volcano: Santorini is one of the Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea. It was devastated by a volcanic eruption in the 16th

Pressing problems: 1.The conflict between residents and tourists:the island has reached its tourism saturation point.

century BC, forever shaping its rugged landscape. Until about 20 years ago, it was thought that the shape of the island before the Minoan eruption was circular with a central cone or a system of several overlapping volcanic shields. This model, however, has been considerably modified over the last years (see graphic to the right).

Top Right: Tourism spots Bottom: Volcano Development

2.Land use planning: connected with the frequent disregard for land-use planning and urban planning provisions in most regions with a developed and organised infrastructure.

Shenzhen China

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies |Shenzhen

Population: 10,000,000 Founded: 1979 Size: 1996.85 ha

Shenzhen is a major urban area of almost 10 million people in China’s Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. Owing to China’s economic liberalization, the area became China’s first – and arguably most successful – Special Economic Zone. Since the establishment of the Special Economic Zone in the late 1970’s, Shenzhen has seen

Top Left: City of Shenzhen Top Right: Photo of Shenzhen Middle: Location of Shenzhen Bottom left: Administrative districts Bottom Right: Shenzhen, China

unprecedented growth from a village of 30,000 to a city of over 325 times that. Because Shenzhen is so close to the then rapidly growing Hong Kong, the SEZ was meant to be an experimental ground for development. In 2007, it had a GDP of almost $100 billion dollars, ranking it fourth among all Chinese cities, and Shenzhen’s GDP per capita surpassed $10,000, the first

Chinese city to do so. Now, Shenzhen is also known as one of the cleanest large Chinese cities with over 50% of streets lined with trees and large parks and green spaces available to its residents.

Administrative subdivision: Shenzhen is subdivided into 6 administrative districts, 24 Subdistrict Office, 9 towns. Goal of development: -Important Economic Center in the southern of China -International and Modern City -Establish a modern industrial system -Economic Center in Pearl River Delta

The structural pattern of urban space and problems: Centered on the Administrative District, then following the railway as development tool, the towns outside the Administrative District are developing as a gradient radiation structure. However, with the development of social economic growth, the number of population and the mechanized transport demand is also increasing. Solutions: -Cooperative with other cities: Build more subways, buses, roads and add more airplane lines.Build major radiation transport corridor in HSDH commuting region. -Greenway: Build more greenways to encourage citizens to reduce the use of motor vehicles. -Farmscraper: The other problem is CO2 emissions because of increasing population and urban sprawl. The city officials announced that they will build Shenzhen Asian Cairn Farmscraper project, which is expected to provide a sustainable solution to the pressing environmental problems of the expanding metropolis.

-Sungang Central Plaza Redesign the above-ground space while keeping the underground construction moving forward. -Shenzhen Baoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an Waterfront Park Inspired by waves, the most natural design language, they attempted to find the most direct dialogue between man and sea.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies |Shenzhen

Top Left: Greenway Top Right: Sungang Central Plaza Left: Shenzhen Baoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an Waterfront Park Above: Farmscraper

Venice Italy

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Venice

Population: 264,579 Founded: 697 AD Size: 41,457 ha

Venice is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 117 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges. Venice has a Humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with cool winters and very warm summers. The 24-hour average in January is 3.3 °C (37.9 °F), and for July this figure is 23.0 °C (73.4 °F).

Top Left: The Grand Canal at night. Top Right: The gondola in Venice. Bottom Left: Old map of Venice in 1565 Bottom Middle: St Mark’s Basilica in Venice. Bottom Right: The Piazza San Marco in Venice.

In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, as it controlled a vast sea-empire. Especially, silk, grain, and spice. In the17th century, Venice’s trade empire was taken over by other countries such as Portugal, and its naval importance was reduced. In the18th century, biggest

industrial complex was the Venice Arsenal, and the Italian Army still uses it today. Today, Venice’s economy is mainly based on tourism, shipbuilding, services, trade and industrial exports. Murano glass production in Murano and lace production in Burano are also highly important to the economy.

In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and almost every form of transport is on water or on foot. St Mark’s Basilica is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice, northern Italy. It is the most famous of the city’s churches and one of the best known examples of Italo-Byzantine architecture.

Founded in the 5th century and spread over 118 small islands, Venice is an extraordinary architectural masterpiece in which even the smallest building contains works by some of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest artists such as Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese and others. The idea of a sustainable tourism is strictly connected with the cultural and historical.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Precedent Studies | Venice The DETOURISM campaign run by the City of Venice promotes slow and sustainable tourism, encouraging travellers to go beyond the usual tourist sights, stumble upon unique experiences and see Venice with new eyes. The best way to discover the true soul of the city and to experience Venice as the Venetians do is getting off the main path and wandering away from

the well-trodden tourist routes. DETOURISM offers travel tips for a Sustainable Venice and suggests what to see and where to go in Venice to get a more local look at the city. The Venice City Council is implementing the REFILL VENICE campaign. Tourists are recommended to refill their bottles at the public drinking fountains for reuse. The Fuorirotta map is sold together with an empty plastic bottle at some of the snack and drink vending machines in Venice.

Top Left: The Damege Level of Fountains in Venice. Top Right: The Functionality of Fountains in Venice. Left: The Mose Project in Venice. Above: The Detourism Campaign.

Analysis Studies

Demographics Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Demographics

General Population Age Househould Economic Activity Distribution Employment Opportunities Top Left: WuHan city at night Bottom left: General population Bottom middle: Age proportation education of population Bottom right: household

The city of WuHan is the capital of Hubei province in China. It has a large population. The population of WuHan is 9.78 million. Among that, Men is 5.03 million, accounting for 51.43% of the population; Women is 4.75 million, accounting for 48.57% of the total population. It means that the sex ratio is reasonable.

The population of 0-14 is 976,947, accounting for 9.98% of the population; the population of 15-64 years old is 8,013,317 , accounting for 81.89% of the total population. 65 and over, accounting for 8.13% of the total population.

The population of elementary is accounting for 14.22%; the population of junior high school is accounting for 35.38% . The population of senior high school is accounting for 23.37% . The population of college is accounting for 27.03%. From 2009 to 2014,Per capita income and consumption both increase. Also,Income is greater than consumption.

The majority people are in Wuchang district, Hongshan district and Huangpo district. Wuchang district, JiangHan district Qiaokou district have high population density. From 1995 to 2010, the total population increase. But the population of growth rate decrease.

From 2000 to 2010, the employee in agriculture are decrease. However, the employee in industry and service are highly increase. Specifically, employee in service have the biggest increase.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Demographics

The population of internal tourists are 205,329,800. The population of external tourists are 2,025,000. The major tourists is internal tourists. The internal tourists are people from different province in China. The external tourists are people from outside of China, also include Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao.

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province. It has a large population. The population increase constantly. The proportion between male and female are balance. The level of education is well. This city is sustainable development.

Top: Type of Employment Middle left: district population Middle: Population density Middle right: Growth rate of population Bottom left: map of district population Bottom right: map of population density

Urban Form Wuhan

Buildings and Land Uses Building Type and Use Urban Density and Grain

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

1945 WuHan Urban Fabric Form

1966 WuHan Urban Fabric Form

Middle Four: Development Process of WuHan Left Bottom: Historical Factors of WuHan`s Development 1980 WuHan Urban Fabric Form

2009 WuHan Urban Fabric Form

WuHan`s urban development process is influenced by the chinese history. Before 1945, WuHan only had three little parts which was near the Yangzte River. After the 1945, Military controled the development of WuHan. During the 1952 to 1957, Wuhan government used many Soviet urban planning examples as planning instruction. After 1957, 10 years cultural

revolution in china decreased the WuHan`s urban development. After 1978, The policy of reformation and opening was implemented by all of the China. WuHan also came to the boom developing time. The conflict of western urban planning ideas and early chinese urban planning ideas made WuHanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban development imbalance and no ecological. Too much

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

lake reclaimation land increased WuHan’s green house effect. In recent years, WuHan had very seriously water-logging problems result of excessive rainstorm every summer.

Right Bottom: WuHan’s mainly Transportation system

Wuhan city planning to build a space framework of sustainable development, as a kind of high efficiency low energy consumption. It wants to build a new rapid urban traffic network, the formation of “the main highlight, surrounded by new district”, “vertical and horizontal phase fault, two-way” ecotype.

Six new city group planning a total population of 3.78 million people, is the key area of future development in wuhan city.

The core of wuhan, planning a population of 5.02 million, mainly to undertake service center cities in central China, to optimize the land use structure readjustment. Central activity area formed by two rivers and four shore as the main body of the riverside cultural district. and the Yangzte jiang business shaft, guide the center city service. 23

HanKou District Fabric Form

The new total gauge compound use of urban land use in urban development area scope, the improved function of the central area of the city.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

HanYang District Fabric Form

Among them the main high strength development, must be supported by rail transit, compound of land use, economical and intensive utilization of land resources, evacuation center city population, industry transfer and guide urban area function integration, form a central city polycentric spatial structure. WuChang District Fabric Form

By the central activity area off to peripheral integrated group, the peripheral city group supported by rail transit, along the axial extension, layout wedge between protective green space in the group, to avoid the city show booth pie type development.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

HanKou District Fabric Development Process

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

WuChang District Fabric Development Process

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Urban Form

HanYang District Fabric Development Process

Circulation Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Circulation

Transportation Circulation Problems Solutions

Top Left: The network of Wuhan Top Right: The traffic jam Bottom: The Analysis of Wuhan transportation

Urban traffic system is basically formed and effectively ensure the normal operation of urban functions. Wuhan has basically constructed the urban traffic system with integrated transportation hub, expressway and track. Modern three-dimensional traffic pattern is basically formed, traffic accessibility increased substantially.

By air, Wuhan can reach more than 120 cities; through the railway 5 hours to reach the main city within the range of 1000 km; In the peak period, the average speed of road traffic in the main urban area is 21.4 km / h. It can reach in 30 minutes between any two points within the Second Ring Road, and the urban traffic is maintained at moderate congestion level.

Connection: Integrated transport hub is still in monomer expansion, the hub is lack of effective convergence and cooperation The hubs are competitive, as railways and airports are still struggling to compete for passenger traffic in the 500-1000 km range, with hubs lacking efficient vertical cooperation.

Accessibility: Road microcirculation construction is seriously lagging behind, the big street network is not conducive to traffic accessibility improved

Public traffic congestion: Public traffic congestion is serious. The proportion of Bus travel enhance slowly. Problems: (1)Road and rail traffic overlap, which is not conducive to improving rail accessibility. (2)Heavy rail, light conventional bus, the level of public transport services is difficult to effectively enhance

(3)Transport planning performances badly in edge cities, traffic guide needs to be improved. (4)The existing land development model will further aggravate the urban population concentration. Solutions: The purpose is to make the 4 transportations cooperate with each other.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Circulation

And construction of a reasonable urban center system is conducive to speed up the main city population and industry to ease. Wuhan will develop to be a multi-center city.

Top Left: The Ferry lines Top Right: The Bus lines Left: The fast ways Above: The Bicycle

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Environmental Factors

The analysis of environmental factors in Wuhan includes three sections: water system analysis, climate analysis and soil analysis. Through the analysis of three sections, we can see the current situation of environmental factors in Wuhan, which are affected by different influencing factors including man-made influence.

Wuhan area temperature change line char

Environmental Factors Wuhan Climate Hydrology Groundwater & Aquifers Geology Soils

Terrestrial Ecology Pollution Industry & Solid Waste

According to all the information and data available, the following topics will be discussed here, which include: 1. outline 2. weather analysis 3. precipation & water 4. wetland analysis 5. soil analysis

The mean LOS deformation velocity map over the study area during the period from October 2009 to August 2010. The red star represents the location of the reference point. White rectangles indicate Zone 1, 3 and 5 where land subsidence was mainly caused by urban development. Average tempreture in Wuhan from 1981-2010

Wuhan Area Average Monthly Precipitation Histogram

White dashed lines marked the boundaries of areas with low urban permeability in Hankou. Potential air path 2 was represented by blue dashed line arrows.

According to the main annual precipation, it shows that the precipation in Wuhan area is beyond the avergge compared to other cities in the nation. For example, the precipation could be as high as 150-200 mm all the year around. Mean Annual Precipitation(1961-1990)

The climate data for Wuhan from the year 1981 - 2010 shos what the highest record temperature is from June to August and the lowest temperature happens from December to February. Also, the lowest record temperature could be as low as -18.1C all the year around, which makes the climate very unique as a whole.

Through the analysis of three sections, we can see the current situation of environmental factors in Wuhan, which are affected by different influencing factors including man-made influence. The analysis of environmental factors in Wuhan includes three sections: water system analysis, climate analysis and soil analysis.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Environmental Factors Not to mention the economic development, industrial and agricultural pollution, pollution of life, businesses and the public recklessly and selfish dumping of garbage, which can be artificially changed. People survive, the economy and development. Due to the lack of environmental protection awareness, excessive purse-breeding mental conditions.

Real estate development, dumping garbage, industrial and agricultural pollution of various phenomena unmanned block, became the three main factors of lake disappearance. The end of 2012, Jiangxia a CMC without the permission of the water sector, unauthorized occupation of nearly 30 acres of Lake Township Lake, , businesses and the public recklessly and selfish dumping of garbage, which can be artificially changed. People survive, the economy and development, for the construction of corporate headquarters building. Due to the lack of environmental protection awareness and the concept of sustainable development, excessive purse-breeding to Honghu extremely worsening environmental conditions. From the 1950s to the present, Hubei Province, the area of more than acres of lakes dropped sharply from 1332 to 574, compared with the fifties of last century to reduce 56.9%. In addition, more than 5000 acres of lakes from the 322 to 110.

Wuhan Overview

Wuhanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hydrology

With showing a downward trend year by year. And in 1978-1991, the change of area was more moderate, and the decrease was 839.23hm2 in 4 years; While the area of 1991 to 2002 is substantially reduced, 21 years to reduce the 33,606 a hmZ; 2002 and 2007 and tends to 5 years decreased by 6021.66hm2. 31

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Environmental Factors

Urban permeablity map of the pedestrain-level natural ventilation in Wuhan

The circular area shows the region that is equipped with poor pedestrain-level natural ventilation. According to the picture on the left side, it shows the “Urban permeablity map of the pedestrain-level natural ventilation in Wuhan.” It provides valuable information about the ventilation in Wuhan and the relevant areas.

According to the illustration of the frontal area density, the white dashed lines marked the boundaries of areas with low urban permeability in Hankou. Potential air path 2 was represented by blue dashed line arrows. Top Left: Block of Historical Center in Cienfuegos Top Right: Four Streets closed the Historical Aera Bottom: Constractions in the Aera Water distribution in Wuhan

White ellipses indicate Zone 2, 4 and 6 where land subsidence was mainly caused by karst geology. Red dotted polygons indicate Zone 7 and 8 where the uplift occurs. This result is superimposed on a Landsat 8 image LOS Deformation Velocity

It can be noticed from the map above that Wuhan is generally neutral acid soil, while the urban garden soil is neutral alkaline. This is related to the area of garden engineering with the soil, are generally soil; at the same time as a result of some unique characteristics of the city will make the soil alkaline.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Environmental Factors

Soil Categories in Wuhan Aera

Reclamation of land

In general, the soil in Wuhan is generally neutral acid soil, while the urban garden soil is neutral alkaline. This is related to the area of â&#x20AC;&#x2039;â&#x20AC;&#x2039;garden engineering with the soil, are generally soil; at the same time as a result of some unique characteristics of the city will make the soil alkaline, such as melting the road snow calcium chloride, with surface runoff Accumulation in the soil.

NC soil: non-carbonate soil with pH <6.5. CC soil: carbonate-containing soil with pH >7.5. Neutral soil generally has a pH value between 6.5 and 7.5.

Comparison on soil carbonate of the Yangtze River delta area between 1980s and 2003.

According to the analysis in this study, the pH of topsoil in the Yangtze River delta area ranged from 4.8 to 8.3, with a mean value of 6.7. Soil samples with pH <6.0 were primarily distributed in the southern portion of the Yangtze River delta region, and acidic-neutral soils were predominantly found along the Yangtze River and the northern portion of the delta . At sites with soil pH <7.0, soil samples generally did not contain carbonates, while carbonate-containing soil samples demonstrated a pH >7.5.

Agriculture Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Agriculture

Water Systems Land Uses Agricultural Community

Top Left: Bird view in Wuhan Top Right: Stromwater in Wuhan Bottom Left: Water systems in Wuhan Bottom Right: Pollution of rivers in Wuhan

Water Systems Wuhan City has 192 lakes appeared on Wuhan’s list of lakes under protection as of January 2002. The total area of the water surface of Wuhan’s lakes at an average water level of 18.7 m amounts to 942.8 km2. Wuhan’s lake surface area ratio is as high as 11.1%, ranking No.1 among China’s major cities.

of the founding of Wuhan City, seven major cities and towns on the size of lakes 127, currently only 38, the total is less than the early 50’s 1/3.

Reasons First, the 1950s to the early 80s, population growth to the food problem became one of the biggest problems, a large area of lakes and wetlands in the government-led land reclamation under the lake into Changes in Water Systems a field. Since the 1980s, Wuhan’s lake Second, the last century, 80 area has decreased by 228.9 years to 90 years, the masses square kilometers of spontaneous lake farming, Nearly 10 years, the central city combined with the accelerated of Wuhan Lake area from the development of industrial original 9 million acres reduced economy, water pollution and to 8 million acres, the net lake water eutrophication has reduction of several thousand become increasingly serious. acres of area. At that time, several large Looking ahead, the early days suburban lakes have been

reclamation, the East Lake water at this stage is also reduced. The third is the mid-90s so far, Wai Lake farmland, Wai Lake culture gradually stopped, but set off a municipal construction and real estate development boom, Binhu region has become a real estate development “hot spot”, the lake piece by piece to be eroded.

Problems The cities have expanded rapidly. At the same time, the rapid development put heavy pressures on ecology, resource and environment for the cities. For example, some extreme phenomena of water resources, such as water shortage, water pollution and urban storm water, occur more frequently.

Agricultural Community The area of agricultural land is 564,609 hectares, accounting for 66.04% of the total land area of the city. The construction land area is 139,699 hectares, accounting for 16.34% of the total land area of the city. The area of unused land is 150,601 hectares, accounting for 17.62% of the total land

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Agriculture area. 3.35%; unused land, the water Among the agricultural land, accounted for 74.94%, beach 61.13% cultivated land, 2.40% swamps and natural reserves garden land, forest land 15.59%, accounted for 25.06%. grazing land 0.05% and other agricultural land 20.83%; The city’s annual food construction land, 40.91% urban consumption of about 4 billion kilograms, grain output of land, 35.24% rural residential land, , Transportation water use nearly 1.3 billion kilograms, the annual need to purchase area accounted for 20.50%, scenic spot facilities and special food from outside the city of land accounted for about 2.7 billion kilograms. In accordance with the total population of 12 million, the per capita consumption of 0.91 kg of food per day (including industrial food consumption). 4 billion kilograms of grain, 850 million kilograms of wheat, 1.8 billion kilograms of rice, 800 million kilograms of corn and other grains of 550 million kilograms.

Middle (From Left to Right): The Land Cover in Wuhan, Satellite image in Tangsunhu Lake in 2006, Satellite image in Tangsunhu Lake in 2016 Bottom (From Left to Right): The Land Cover in Wuhan, Satellite image in Lunhe River in 2006, Satellite image in Lunhe River in 2016

Heritage Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage

Historical periods Historical districts Landmarks Sites

2000 BC Shijia River Culture

Zhangxiwan Site The earliest town(built 4000years ago) found in Wuhan Area.

Top Left: View of Wuhan from Yellow Crane Tower Top Right: The Map of Chu State, 260BC Bottom Left: Zhangxiwan Site Bottom Middle: Panlong Site Bottom Right: Chuci

1115BC-223 BC Chu State

1600 BC Shang Dynasty

Panlong Site It was the first city of the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th Century BC) discovered in the Yangtze River basin.

Chu Culture During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770BC-221BC), the region was ruled by the Chu State for a long time. And wuhan is the

center of economy and military. The Chu Culture thus became the foundation of the present culture of the city. Chuci The Chu Ci, variously translated as Verses of Chu or Songs of Chu, is an anthology of Chinese poetry traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period. Chuci is the representative of Chu Culture and is the beginning of Chinese romantic poem, also kown as Chici style or Lisao style.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage Baotong Temple Sui and Tang Dynasty Baotong Temple sits at the Hanyang County built in Sui southern foot of Hongshan Hill dynasty, this is the first time the in Wuchang. It was built during word hanyang appeared, and the Southern Dynasty (420 A.D. the “two city” pattern estab– 479 A.D.), giving it a history of lished. In Tang Dynasty, Wuhan more than 1580 years. became an important port and Baotong Temple is famous for also famous for its ship building the three springs and the fantas- industry. tic rocks. The most well-known building in the temple is Hongshan Pagoda.

Queyue City Next to the Moon Lake in Hanyang, is the first city (built in East Han Dynasty) that has the founction of military fortress in this area. Yingzhou City Built in 558(Southern Dynasty), Xiao became the King here and Wuhan is the first time work as the Captial.

206BC-220 Eastern And Western Han Dynasty

Yellow Crane Tower The most famous landmark in Wuhan. Built in Three Kingdoms period (223 A.D.). Nem: quam fugit omni to invelit Top Baotong Temple Bottom: Yellow Towerex et iorestiatet ut autCrane experspe optiossuntis eaqui quam harit repudis nobiti ute aut autasimet as duntotatur similit quistis ilitia int quianiende nullora comnihitame perorias re repe etur? Bor aut esequi ra seque de voloriatatia pla quunt velendi psunti blacitem volorenti con poritatur? Quia sim re repra sunt omniet occus dolorum faccus dunt,

220-280 Three Kingdoms period

420-589 Southern Dynasty

Yellow Crane Tower is on the summit of Snake Mountain, and enjoys renown on a par with Yueyang Tower in Hunan

581-618 Sui Dynasty

Province and Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi Province. It was first built during the Three Kingdoms period (223 A.D.). At present, it is a sign construction of Wuhan. From ancient to modern times, numerous prominent figures have ascended the tower to write popular works that have been handed down from generation to .The most famous poem written here is the reverentially titled “Yellow Crane Tower”, by Cui Hao. 37

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage

Hankou Tea Hankou was once known around the world as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tea Port of the Orientâ&#x20AC;?. Since Hankou Port opened in 1861, a number of foreign banks flooded into Wuhan and foreign trade of tea increased greatly. It was recorded that the annual export volume of tea in Jianghan Customs reached as much as more than 1.1 million loads. Mulan Culture It is originated in Huangpi Area, formed in Tang Dynasty. It is the intangible cultural heritage of china.

618-907 Tang Dynasty

Guiyuan Temple Guiyuan Temple is a Buddhist temple and a National AAAA Level Tourist Attraction, located in the Hanyang District of Wuhan. The temple houses five hundred Lohan stone carvings, which took nine years to complete. Guiyuan Temple was built during the reign of Emperor Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty, and consists of

Porcelain In Song Dynasty, porcelain manufacturing is flourishing. Especially the Bluish White Porcelain.

960-1279 Song

the Sutra Collection Pavilion, The Mahavira Palace and Lohan Hall. The two most precious treasures collected in Guiyuan Temple are the Diamond Sutra and The Heart Sutra, written on paper less than 7 inches in length and width, and the Avatamsaka and Saddharmapundarika Sutras.

Top Left: Mulan Movie made by Disney Top Middle: Bluish White Porcelain Top Right: The Tea Road Bottom: Guiyuan Temple

In peak times, Hankou tea accounted for around 80% of all exported Chinese tea.

1616-1911 Qing Dynasty

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage Zhang zhidong ernise the military forces under Zhang Zhidong was one of the his command in Huguang. four most famous officials of the He stimulated the developlate Qing dynasty. Known for ment of modern industry and advocating controlled reform. city business by establishing Hanyang Steel Factory and In 1896, acting under an imperial decree, Zhang moved Hanyang Arsenal. He also built to Wuchang to serve as the railway and causeway. The area of Hankou increased a lot under Viceroy of Huguang, an area comprising Hubei and Hunan his govern. And Wuhan gradually became one of the most provinces. Zhang drew on his important economy center. experience in Nanjing to modTreaty of Tientsin In 1858, Qing signed unequal treaty with Britain to set Hankou as a treaty port. That is a beginning of Wuhan as a concession.

Hanyang Steel Factory At this period, Wuhan start to transit from a traditional town to a industrial city.

1911 Xinhai Revolution

Top Left: Treaty of Tientsin Top Right: Zhang Zhidong Middle: Hanyang Steel Factory Bottom: Wuchang Uprising

1861-1894 Self-Strengthening Movement

Wuchang Uprising The Wuchang Uprising was the Chinese uprising that served as the catalyst to the Xinhai Revolution, ending the Qing Dynasty â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and two millennia of imperial rule â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and ushering in the Republic of China (ROC). It began with the dissatisfaction of the handling of a railway crisis. The crisis then escalated to an uprising where the revolutionaries

went up against Qing government officials. The uprising was then assisted by the New Army in a coup against their own authorities in the city of Wuchang, Hubei province on October 10, 1911. The Battle of Yangxia led by Huang Xing would be the major engagement in the uprising.

Wuhan In 1927, National Government started to work in Hankou. The city Wuhan which comprises of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang are founded as the capital. In 1949, the three cities were all liberated. And Wuhan was the first direct-controlled municipality in the history of New China.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage

Site of former American Consulate The former American Consulate in Wuhan stood at the intersection of Yanjiang Avenue and Chezhan Road. It was a three-story building which faced the Yangtze River; this structure is now home to the Wuhan Human Resources Market.

The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge It is the first bridge built across the Yangtze River. Its construction began in 1955 and was completed in 1957. Extending for 1.6 kilometers, the bridge starts from Turtle Hill in Hanyang on the northern bank of the river, and ends at Snake Hill in Wuchang on the southern bank.

St. Josephâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral The architectural style is similar to that of the Romanesque basilica, and the layout resembles a Latin cross. It is a two-story brick and wood building with an overall length of 40 meters and a width of 26 meters

The Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Later known as the Chinese Maritime Customs Service in 1912, was established in 1854. It was the only department in the Chinese Government organised on Western lines; it was staffed at the middle and senior level by predominantly British officers. As well as administering customs and excise collections,

East Lake Located in central Wuhan, the East Lake scenic area is the largest scenic area in the city. Covering an area of 33 square kilometers, five times bigger than that of the West Lake in Hangzhou, the lake is the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest urban lake. The park is an ideal place to enjoy flower blossoms.

the Customs Service managed Chinese vast rivers, waterways and coastal harbours. It conducted anti-smuggling measures and policed the entire China coast at a time when China had no navy. It mapped out the coast and inland waterways including the mighty Yangtsze and assisted in postal administration and weather reporting.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Heritage Wuchang minting as well as celadon and Wuchang was established in the white porcelain manufacture. early years of the Three KingWorth mentioning is the rise dom Period. The Wu kingdom and decline of the Yellow Crane prepared to struggle against the Tower time and again since the Shu Kingdom for Jingzhou and Three Kingdom Period. Each transferred its capital from Jiof the dozen reconstructions of anye (present Nanjing) to Exian the tower has reflected different features of the age, illustrating County, renaming it Wuchang. Old Wuchang had advanced historical and cultural changes in Wuchang. handicraft industries, such as shipbuilding, metallurgy, coin Wuhan University Surrounded by Donghu Lake, Wuhan University is situated at picturesque Luojia Hill. It is considered to have one of the most beautiful campuses in the entire country. If you chat with their students, many will tell you that it is the beauty of the campus which attracted them to come here in the first place. Hanyang The name of Hanyang is linked closely to the Hanjiang River. In ancient Chinese culture, Yang (the opposite of Yin) denotes a place south of a mountain and north of a river. Hanyang gained its name for it is located south of the Tortoise Mountain (Gui Shan) and north of the Hanjiang River. The name was changed from Hanjin in 606 of the Sui

Dynasty (581-618) and the town rapidly developed during the Tang Dynasty (618-917). Hanyang, especially the Parrot Island (Yingwu Zhou) area, has been the distribution center for traders on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River since that time, and has prosperous commerce and handicraft industries. Contemporary with the construction of the Wuchang city

walls, Hanyang city also has a history of some 1,800 years. Hankou Historically, Hankou developed together with Hanyang for a long while until 1474 of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The Hanjiang River then changed its course to join the Yangtze River at the north foot of Tortoise Mountain, dividing the towns.

From then, Hanjiang started 500 years of independent progress. Later on Hankou became a new trade port, greatly surpassing Wuchang and Hanyang in fame and rate of development.

Landscape Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies |Landscape

Landscape Visualization Water System Adjacencies Green Belt Planning Industrial Landscape Residential Landscape Top Left: Open Spaces Along River, Wuhan Top Right: Landscape along lake, Wuhan Bottom left: Residential Landscape, Wuhan Bottom Right: Wuhan land cover

Wuhan, City of Nature: The new city is organized by the existing natural systems and features that also provide its key amenities. These features include the varied topography and hills that define uplands, many of them covered with beautiful, lush forests. Many of these hills have been preserved to create a strong backbone to the open space system. The form of the

the topography directs the flow of rain water toward its end point at the lake. With the same idea, many of the existing streams and drainage ways have also been preserved and enhanced to create a dynamic water system capable of conveying and purifying large volumes of water and also storing it for visual, recreational, and

irrigation uses throughout the open space system. The form of the open space is then completely structured in a topographic and riverine network that is a new approach in linking the citizens of the new city to each other and to the nature around them. The downtown core is home to the essential defining open space elements and amenities of the park system. The crescent is a powerful urban arc at the central hub of the city that creates a broad, tree shaded esplanade for activity overlooking a curving series of stepped ponds with wetlands and forested hills beyond. Weirs defining the water levels also provide locations to cross the water at each â&#x20AC;&#x153;water stepâ&#x20AC;?.

The eco corridor highlights a broad landscape corridor flowing toward the lake that creates the western edge of the new city. This zone contains numerous forested plateaus and high points with valleys flowing between them with abundant streams, ponds, and some larger lakes. Due to its breadth, it can support larger natural systems including wetlands,

flows. The “braiding” of paths and uses allows flexibility and resonates with the fluid geometries of meandering streams and ponds as they undulate between the hills.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Landscape

and farms, as well as major sports fields and other more specialized programmed uses. The largest trail complex on the site is threaded through the constantly evolving landscape “rooms” formed by crossing roadways. The order of the natural system of topography and water flows leads to means of developing the open space system. The hills establish strong anchoring high points and the water flows establish the low points. In between lie flat valleys of varying widths for park use. Some of the uses are highly programmed and recreational and some are more agricultural or ecological in nature like meadows and wetlands. The essential geometry in use is “riverine”, meaning dictated or informed by braided water

Top: Land use conversion on water bodies Left: Wuhan green belt planning Above: Wuhan topographical map Green Belt main line Connection Historical districts Small green belt City scale green belt Outside green belt

Development Wuhan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Development

History of development Development goals Development proposals

Top Left: Map in 1949 Top Right: Map in 2016 Medium Left: Master plan in 1959 Medium Right: Masterplan in 1988 Bottom Left: Master plan in 1982 Bottom Right: Master plan in 1995

-Urban Land : 167 square kilometers before 1967. -Population Size : 2,400,000. -Outsourcing of polluting industries. -Select some medium and small towns as industrial base. -Distribute 8 industrial district in downtown, cooperate with building residential district.

-Urban Land: 245 square kilometers. -Population Size: 3,500,000 before 2000. -Wuchang: Scientific research, education and develop new industries. -Hankou: Commercial trade, financial information center and external traffic. -Hanyang: Tourism and external facilities.

-Urban Land: 185 square kilometers before 1985; 200 square kilometers before 2000. -Population Size: 2,600,000 before 1985; 2,800,000 before 2000. -Developed transportation facility. -Developed small towns. -Take advantage of the terrain, developed the advantage of each towns.

-Urban Land: 427.5 square kilometers. -Population Land: 4,500,000 before 2020. -Distribute 10 industrial district in downtown, developed transportation system. -Form â&#x20AC;&#x153;Multicenterâ&#x20AC;? structure. -Developed surrounding towns and evacuate the population of the downtown properly.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Development

Lake reclamation land Wuhan, once known as “the city of a 100 lakes”, used to have 127 lakes in the city centre alone in the 1980s, but that total fell to about 30 after more than three decades of rapid urbanisation. last year that the area covered by the city’s lakes had shrunk from 370 sq km in 1987 to 264 sq km in 2013, according to

Wuhan has a less desirable reputation too, for flooding. In fact, flooding is an increasingly common urban malaise. A government report shows that 62% of China’s 351 largest cities experienced floods between 2008 and 2010 and, as WiC readers may recall, the heaviest rainfall in Beijing in over 60 years led to floods that killed at least 77 people last July.

satellite images, taken during the two years, which were compared by an academic at the China University of Geosciences. Those vanished lakes now live on in name only – in street names, such as Fruit Lake and Fan Lake. But lost with them has been the city’s ability to catch and store all the rainwater from downpours.

Wuhan earmarked Rmb23 billion to improve its drainage system in the wake of a damaging flood in 2011. Almost half of this reclamation work has been illegal, with much of it still going on.Some data shows that the average of shrinking rate within 10 years is 15.43%.Because of building land and bottomland.

Top Left: Lake’s border maps of Wuchang district in four different stages Top Right: Three periods of remote sensing images Left: Area variation Above: Lake reclamation land 45

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Development

Master plan in 2010 -Urban Land: 908 square kilometers before 2020. -Population Size: 11,800,000 before 2020. -Based on space agglomeration and conservation development, the downtown divide into two parts: urban development area and agro-ecological area. -Develop service industry, accelerate the development of

Goal of Development Five goals: -Promotion of Competitiveness -Optimizing spatial structure -Develop a hub city -Cultural charming -Build livable city

Wangjiadun CBD, Sixin district Top Left: Master plan in 2010 and Yangchunhu sub-center. -Develop six new towns: Indus- Top Right: Center and sub-center Bottom: Different levels of center tries, residential area, transportation and storehouses. To solve the problem of dense population.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;133â&#x20AC;? Space Development

East lake greenway -National 5A tourist attractions 1: Ready to create the core -Length: 28.7 kilometers functions of modern service -Opened: 12/28/2016 industry into a national central The project of East Lake Grecity. enway was started in December 2015, with the intention of 3: Develop 3 sub-center: allowing city residents to walk Guanggu,Tunkou, Linkonggang, by the lake, swimming in the each of them has different func- water, approaching the forests tions: scientific, manufacturing and reaching the mountain center, transportation junction. peaks.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Analysis Studies | Development

3: Three new towns, the important area of urbanization development. Pathway+Go slow 442: The ratio of bus and go slow will be increase to 40%. The ratio of private motor will be decline to 20%. Build 15 minutes community life circle If you walk 15 minutes, the average scale will be 2-5 square kilometers, the permanent population will be 30,000 to 70,000.

Top Left: Fluorescent runway Top Right: Rent bicycle by your iphone Left: Greenway map Above: Historical buildings map

Build historical corridor To protect some important historical buildings in downtown. 47

Site Analysis

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

Group 1

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province and is recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of Central China on the Yangtze and Han rivers. At present, Wuhan boasts 41 international and regional air routes, directly linking some Asian, European and North American cities.

In 2004, Wuhan decided to develop Hanyang district. Now, more than 10 billion RMB has been invested in Sixin New District. Local Government would like to develop this region as adiverse area containing a technology zone, residential complex, exhibition centres and art zone etc.

In terms of railway and shipping, Wuhan will continue to expand the China-Europe freight routes, opening new routes to West Asia and pushing more trains to European, Central Asian and Southeast Asias cities.

Top Left: International Relationshop map Top Right: Site Location Middle: Transportaion Surrounding the Site Bottom:Road System Surrounding the Site

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

Land Use: Most of them are residential apartment, cultural center and green space. At the same time, it arranged more regular than before. This area has two parts of high-grade residential area, and those buildings are the highest buildings in this area. The figure ground shows that it arranged more regular than before, looks like a ring arrange.

Top Left: Site Land Use in 2016 Top Right: Figure Ground Middle: Site Building Use Bottom: Site Buildings Heights and Location

Beside the Yangtz River, almost of them are the toppest buildings. S.W.O.T

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

STRENGTH: 1. It located near the Yangtze River and within in the Sixin District. Across the river is Wuchang District.

a lot of hotels to solve the living problem. OPPORTUNITY: 1. This area got government support and attracts some entreoreneur to invest. 2. The Wuhan International Expo Center will develop an unique feature in the future.

3. The industries nearby offer more opportunies to attract many people to come here. 4. To create a wide range of recreational facilities, espeacially different residential buildings. 5. Possibilities of reusing WEAKNESS: 1. Basic infrastratures are not derelict areas in spite of complete, they need build more. consuming new ones. 2. A lot of people will come to visit this area, they don't have 2. It has some basic urban infrastratures, like school and parks. 3. It has Wuhan International Expo Center which becomes Wuhan new city image.

THREAT: 1. It needs much more money to continue to develop some facilities. 2. A lot of people will decide to living this area, but the residential buildings are limited.

Top Left: Yangtze River Bridge Top Right: Hotel Middle: Railway Bottom Left: Wuhan International Expo Center Bottom middle: Recreation Facilities Bottom Right: Primary School

Transportation: It has 3 means of transportation in 2016, bus, wharf and subway. The road system here shows it becomes more convience for citizens to enter this site. Those small wharf offers water entertainment project for citizens to visit this area.

OPPORTUNITY: 1. Subway Line 3 and Line 6 will across this site, it solve the problem of large volume of passengers in the future.

S.W.O.T

2. It doesn't has a lot of parking place and temporary parking spots.

STRENGTH: 1. This area has a good transporation location, it between Ring 2 and Ring 3. 2. This area has a lot of means of transportation, like subway and waterway transportation. 3. The quality of this site are all new. 4. The Wuhan International Expo Center has a good transportation system, it connect Wuhan many place.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

THREAT: 1. A lot of people will visit this site because of the Wuhan International Expo Center, so the traffic jam will be a big problem.

Top : Transportation in Site Left: Subway Station

WEAKNESS: 1. Transportation network and facilitie not perfect now, they need to add some bus lines. 2. Railway road across this site, affect the transportation connection. 53

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

Landscape Inspired by the water, they redesign the water system that connect the Yangtz River and water inside, it is good for solve the waterlogging in Wuhan. S.W.O.T STRENGTH: 1. It has abundant water resource because it next to the Yangtze River. 2. It has large open space and wide vision. WEAKNESS: 1. The increase of buildings leads to the decreasing of green space. OPPORTUNITY: 1. The local policy promise the ratio of green space. 2. Building greening provides

more developing space for heightening green ratio of this area. THREAT: 1. The decreasing of green space leads to the decreasing of local wildlife, then it will destroy the original ecological system.

Top Left: Primary Visual Analysis Top Right: Open Space Middle: Second Visual Analysis Bottom: Water System

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

Vegatation This area has a lot of kinds of trees, shrubs and aquatic plants.They offers different views for people every season. S.W.O.T STRENGTH: 1. It has fertile soil, adequate lighting and no industrial pollution, the development of planting has an unique advantage. 2. Four seasons clearly, warm moistly and rainfall is abundantly. 3. Original of nature remained that can promote the biodiversity. 4. Vegetation at the specific area can attract people to enjoy outdoors activities because it provides shelters to the people.

WEAKNESS: 1. The increasing of buildings will lead to decreasing of green space. 2. Some area hardly accessible. 3. Not guarantee the safety. OPPORTUNITY: 1. Local planting can bring biodiversity. 2. Increasing the visual changeable through different types of vegetation when people Top Left: Wetland Vegetation Types drive or walk in this site. THREAT: 1. Some areas less CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). Like undeveloped river bank is not safety for poeple to stay there at specfic times.

Top Right: Residential Vegetation Types Middle Left: Flower Middle Right: Tree Bottom: Vine

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

Environment Factors This site is a low-lying area. There are a lot of lakes around this site and it is next to the Yangtze River. The map shows the ground height and water height of this site. The normal water height is higher than the road height in this site.

S.W.O.T STRENGTH: 1.STRENGTH: 1. Abundant water resource and biodiversity. 2. Possibility to use natural resources. 3. Soil and climate characteristics and high bioenergy potential.

This site has four different height. The highest height is residential area on the right, the second highest area is around the Wuhan International Expo Center. The map shows the water direction. It from the hightest to the lowest.

Top Left: Topography Top Middle: Park Top Right: Wildlife Middle: Topography Bottom: Hydrology

WEAKNESS: 1. The political of river embankment height affects the good view. 2. Riverside landscape doesn't redesign and consider the visitors' safety.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

OPPORTUNITY: 1. Multipurpose use of water. 2. Use of sun and wind energy. 3. Increase soil and water quality. THREAT: 1. Lack of awareness of the importance of estuarine landscapes for ecological balance and stability of the area. 2. Flooding can be a threat of this site.

Right: Wildlife In This Site

Group 2 Wuhan No.3 Boarding Middle School

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 2

Bottom Left: Land Use Map Bottom Middle: Birdeye View Right: Location View

Our Site is in Sixin District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, where is also the Wuhan Expo Center located in. The part we analyzed is the sencond part from right hand, between the Wuhan Expo Center and our Site. It is north to the Yangsigang Quick Road and south to The third ring road. There are also two canals crossing in the center of the part.

Land Use Most of the land in this area are undeveloped or under construction. Among these developed land, residential took a big part of the land use, and next are commerical and education.

Wuhan New District No.1 School

Gas Station

HighRise Residential

Restaurants&Retails

Temporary Residential

Open Green Space

Residential Education Green Space Water Body Undeveloped Commercial

Waterfront Open Space

Land Use&Building Use Most of the land in this area are undeveloped or under construction. Among these developed land, residential took a big part of the land use, and next are commerical and education.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 2 temporary 2 stories residentials(5-10m) which are for constructors. In this area, there are also buildings use for education.

Education Residential Business Commerical

Residentials basically consist of two parts--high rise residential buildings (50-70m)and

10 30 50 70m

HighRise Residential

Education

Commerical

Temporary Residential

Weakness This area is still under construction, need a long time to have a Strength This area has a very good grids completed system. The density will be super high in pattern. This area has a large residents the future. group. Oppotunity Close to the Expo Center and Large residential area make the water front green space. sure the usage rate of the facilities including our site. Green Space provided residents

SWOT

The first kind of commerical are in these old buildings like Automobile Repair Plant, the second kind is in the residential complex area like retails.

places of gathering. Large area of undeveloped land give us oppotunity to balance the recration and residential.

Top Left: Building Use Map Top Right: Building Height Map Middle Left: Location View Middle: Birdeye View middle Right: Location View

Threat Most of the lands are residential area, which make this area simple functionaly.

Transportation The trasportation is very completed in this area. It is between two highways and there is a metro line on one side. And there are lots of bus station connected the main points.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 2

Multiple buslines are in this area, which is very convenient for residents.

Highway Bus Route Metro Route

SWOT Strength This area has a very comprehensive transportation system including many different modes. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very convinent to go to other areas of Wuhan through public transportation. Basically, every street has its own pedestrain and bicycle path separated by street tree.

Bus Station

Pedestrain

Basically, every street has its own wlakways. And there are also trails in the green space. All the street (besides highway) Metro Station are allowed with bicycles.

The Third Ring Road

Yangsigang Quick Road

Metro No.6 Line385 Line547 Line61 Line760/273 Line658 Line637 Line306 Line yx517

Weakness Weak connection with the Metro Station. Lots of roads are under construction. Oppotunity Well organized road and pedstrain system can provide people with convinent accessbility to different places, like our site.

Third Ring(8 lanes) Highway(8 lanes) Main Road(6 lanes) Secondary Road(6 lanes) Local Street(4 lanes) Intersection

Top: Location View Threat Wide road increased the length Middle: Transportation Map of cossing which is not convinent for passers-by. More rsidents would bring more cars, which will bring problem like pollution, safty, etc.

S: Vision is very open, smooth traffic flow W: Greenfield expansion is conducive to local climate and environmental regulation, but the forest is less distributed O: The expansion of urban and outdoor spaces can drive the local tourism industry T: The expansion of urban and outdoor spaces can drive the local tourism industry In the traffic analysis, the eastwest traffic axis divides the three parts of the base, the red legend shows the east-west base axis, the green legend shows the north-south base axis, the east-west axis through the building The group has reduced the construction axis relative to the north-south direction. In this base is also more industrial buildings, residential areas located in the north and south of the base. The main axis of the base, in the figure of the red axis, expresses the base being surrounded by a high speed road, so whether it is traffic analysis or vision analysis, this is one of the important elements that can not be ignored. The distribution of the expressway mainly affects the traffic volume of the east-west traffic and the distribution of the buildings.

The base is divided into three parts of the field of vision analysis, the first part of the vision is the most open south direction, and the visual field of view is relatively narrow. Because the south of the complex relative height is relatively low, so better vision. But the east-west buildings are relatively high relative height, so the field of vision is poor.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 2

Top Left: The Citadel at night Top Right: The Citadel at night Left: The Citadel at night Above: The Citadel at night

Top Left: View Analysis1 Top Right: View Analysis2 Left: Transportation Analysis Above: Site Boundary

GREEN SPACE distributed

FLUENCIAL OF TRAFFIC

water system

green space

boundry

fabric

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 1

transportation

base map

In this part of the base stratification analysis, including the base of the basemap, the base of the border, texture, vegetation analysis and hydrological analysis. It can be seen that the distribution of the base mainly shows the characteristics of the east and west, the distribution of vegetation is massive, the distribution of water is mainly east-west, and the texture of the building shows the characteristics of the north-south building. The structure of the texture of the distribution of industrial buildings mainly in the base of the east and west border, the distribution of two residential buildings in residential areas, the building height is relatively high,

so in the latter part of the design, can be properly based on east to west The distribution of buildings is characterized by broadening the views of the buildings. After the analysis of the open space of the three parts of the base, it can be seen that the first part of the base is located at the base of the base in the north, and the outdoor space is fragmented and the integrity is not strong because of the distribution of the northern space More dense, and the second part of the base, the base of the central, outdoor space distribution is strong, because in this part of the base, the building scattered, basically no building distribution, in this part,

the base of the outdoor space Similar to the form of Jiugongge. At the southernmost base of the base, the base also presents the east-west shape of the first part of the base, and the distribution of the outdoor space is similar to that of the base, which is more complete, and because of the small distribution of the building in this part of the base. Top Left: Site Layers Top Right: Block1 open space Bottom: Block2 & Block3 open space

showing the base of the building The terrain analysis of the base distribution and density characcan be seen, the base as a teristics. The south-south and whole is relatively flat, the base north-facing buildings are relaof the contours of the distribution tively dense, but in the middle is more intensive, but basicalof the base this feature is not ly showing the formation of the very obvious, mainly in outdoor form, and therefore also caused green space, but also has a lot the direction of the flow from of wetlands. south to north characteristics. After the three parts of the base of the traffic analysis, we can see that the base of the tributary distribution more. The blue in the figure represents the main trunk, and the pink represents the slip road. In the analysis of the vegetation in the base, the longitudinal texture of the base texture and the base texture of the base is analyzed by the vertical analysis of the base texture. It can be seen that the outdoor space of the base is more composed of green space, and the water distribution is relatively small, WATER SYSTEM wetlands. At the same time, the analysis of the plants in the base, combined with the local climate WATER SYSTEM characteristics, the main selection of native vegetation, including broad-leaved forest and cedar. In the later analysis of the base fabric texture, mainly through the base of the three parts of the division,

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 2

Top Left: Block1 Transportation Analysis Top Right: Open Space Fabric Left: Terrain Analysis Above: Constraction Fabric

Group 3

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3

Land Use

Top Left: The commercial Building Use buildings of the site Top Right: The residential buildings of the site Above: The location of the site Middle: The land use diagram of the site Right: The building use diagram of the site

Land Use Analysis Land Use The Land Use of Site is simple. There are a large amount of green space, and most of them are agricultural area. Green Space can be turn into some public parks. There are a lot of residential area and they are under construction.The existing residential area is on the southerneast of the site and spread around. Residential buildings come in variety of sizes and shapes, from high rise to home-town buildings. The site is lack of commercial space.There are different types of commercial building in the future plan of area, but has not built yet. Hospital and school add some credits to this area.

Building Heights

Figure Ground

Urban Density

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3 Building Use The density of the area will Most building use are be very high in the future as a residential. result of very high-rise building The site lacks of recreational building and mixed-use building. all around. The southerneast part of the site Residential buildings concentrate on southeast part of is more developed. this area Urban Density Urban density is very high in Building Heights Most of the buildings around are southeast part of this part of the site. high-rise residential building. Each community have high-rise The center of this area is in low buildings and low-rise buildings density The future diagram of density to feed the needs. will be different, because High-rise buildings and lowthere are a lot of places under rise (mid-rise) buildings are in residential construction. different sides of road. Most high-rise buildings concentrate near the Meilin West Road and Jiangcheng road. Most High-rise buildings surrounded by low-rise buildings. Low-rise buildings Top Left: The building heghts dominant this area. diagram of the site. They use walls as separation Middle Left: The figure ground barriers to separate construction diagram of the site from roads. Left: The urban density diagram of There are green spaces around the site all residential buildings. Figure Ground There are a lot of areas unbuilt and under construction. The Urban fabric of Sixin district is in grid form. 65

Chronology The agricultural pattern of site is grid in 2004. The Square boundaries (road) and conversion of agricultural land to to water bodies has started in 2010. The amoeba shape road has completed in 2016.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3

SWOT Analysis of Land Use

Circulation Analysis Different modes of transportation There are mainly four types of circulation, auto, subway, electric bicycle and bus.

Road Systems

Road Systems The site has been surrounded by two main highways in eastwest direction. There is one primary road cross Top Left: Aerial image of site in the site which in east-west 2000 Top Middle: Aerial image of site in direction 2010 There are three secondary Top Right: Aerial image of site in roads in this area. 2016 The Square has been Middle: Four types of circulation surrounded by Amoeba shaped Left: The road systems diagram of roads all around. the site There are two main highways, Yangsigang Road and Three Ring Road. Yangsigang Road: The road

Bus Station

Bus Route

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3 west from Longyang Avenue, east to State Boulevard. The total length of 8.2 km. This road greatly ease traffic pressure. Three Ring Road: The total length of road is 91 km, twoway six to eight lane lanes, all closed. Bus Station There are fifteen bus stations located in this area. There are more bus station in southeast part of this area, where the residential land are mainly located. Bus Route There are at least 9 bus lines through our site. Most of the lines are through Jiangcheng Road and Sixin North road There are not many activities in the southerneast part of the site.

Subway Route Subway Route There are two lines across the Sixin District, which are really far from the Square site. Pedestrian The site is surrounded by sidewalk or pathways, except some parts in the north of the site.

Top Left: The bus station diagram of the site Top Right: The image of Sixin Avenue Middle Left: The bus route diagram of the site Middle Right: The image of road under construction. Bottom: The subway route diagram of the site

Pedestrain

SWOT Analysis of Circulation

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3

Top RIGHT: Street green space

Green-Spaces

Landscape Analysis - Residential areas are covered with lawn, trees and bushes native for the China - There are some artificial water canal in urban green spaces - Some areas of agricultural areas are turning to water bodies - There are some parts of the main roads that are widen and includes middle line of green spaces

- Both sides of main roads have covered with lines of tree and shrub line

Top Left: The pedestrain diagram of the site

Residential green spaces Urban green Space

Sidewalk patterns: - Mix of trees, groundcover and shrubs. - Separation between street and sidewalk has been created with plants and street trees to provide safety for pedestrian.

Agricultural land Street green spaces street mid-line green spaces

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3

SWOT Analysis of Landscape

Top Left: Residential green space Middle Right: Existing linear park Middle Left: The bus route diagram of the site Bottom: Artificial water canal in urban green spaces

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Analysis

Changes of water bodies during time

Waterbodies: There are different types of water bodies and the quantities are huge. -The water bodies are all connected through the site. -The bigger water bodies are mainly focus on center of the site

Topography: -The lowest parts of site are distributed over the site, and most of them are water bodies -The center of the site is lower than surroundings. Water flow: -The direction of water bodies come into the center of the site

Top Left: water system diagram of the site Middle Left: topography diagram of the site Bottom: water flow diagram of the site

Changes of Agriculture during time

SWOT Analysis of Environmental Factors

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 3 Wildlife: Fish: Carp, alley, grass carp, crucian carp, herring, bream, silver carp, white striped fish, catfish, mandarin fish

Middle Left: Whiskered tern, Eastern Cape Owl

Bottom: Anti - snipe

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4

Group 4

In this area, there are residential area, commercial area, industry area, green space, transportation hub and undeveloped area. The major residential area are Hanxingyuan community,Jintaiyang community and Xinhua community. There is also a shopping mall.For green space , there are two parks. It is XinQu park and a park is located in intersection.

Top Left: The location Bottom: Land use

Building use: The red one is commercial buildings, yellow one is residential buildings. Purple one is industry buildings. Grey one is transportation buildings.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4 Dark grey area means high density, because there is a lot of high buildings. Medium grey means medium density. Light grey means low density.

Land use SWOT Strength: There are different kinds of land. Land use is major for residential area. Weakness: A lot of area have not been constructed. Opportunity: There are two school in this area. So it will have young people to go our site. Threats: There are industry areas, it may make pollution. Top Left: Building use Top Right: Urban density Left: Building heights Right: Urban fabric Bottom: Different land use

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4

In this area, there are four kinds of open space. It is district park, local park, community garden, undeveloped land. In different community, when people live in the higher buildings can see these two parks. It can have a good view of landscape nude.

Landscape Strength: Green space is abundant. This area has a wide sphere of vision. Weakness: There are a bunch of area undeveloped land. Opportunity: There are two parks. One is the XinQu park. The other one is located in intersection. Threats: The park in the intersection is subjected to gas pollution of car.

Top Left: The Citadel at night Top Right: The Citadel at night Bottom: The Citadel at night

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4

It shows the circulation of the site. Third Road Speed limited: 80Km/h Highway G318 Speed Limited: 70Km/h Primary Road Speed Limited: 50Km/h Secondary Road Speed Limited: 40Km/h 30Km/h

Top Left: Highway Top second left: Primary Road Top second Right: Secondary Road Top Right: Third Road Left: Hub Right: Street Above: Circulation

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4

Nem quam fugit omni to invelit iorestiatet ut aut experspe ex et optiossuntis eaqui quam harit repudis nobiti ute aut autasimet as duntotatur similit quistis ilitia int quianiende nullora comnihitame perorias re repe etur? Bor aut esequi ra seque de voloriatatia pla quunt velendi psunti blacitem volorenti con poritatur? Quia sim re repra sunt omniet occus dolorum faccus dunt, Top Left: Parking area Top Right: Bus lines Left: Subways Bottom: The transportation

Hub: Hanyang Long-Distance Bus Station The station of long-distance buses to other cities in Hubei province, such as Jinmen, Yichang and so on. It is also the start of Bus 708 and 653.

China National Highway 318 (G318) runs from Shanghai to Zhangmu on the China-Nepal border. It is the longest China National Highway at 5,476 kilometres (3,403 mi) in length and runs west from Shanghai towards Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, and ends in Tibet.

The third line of Wuhan subway is from Zhuanyang Boulevard to Hongtu Boulevard. In this site, the subway stations are Hanyang Long-Distance Bus Sta. and Sixin Boulevard station. There are 7 bus lines in this area. Not many parking areas in this site. Circulation SWOT: Strength: There are different kinds of roads and transportation. So, the accessibility is high. Weakness: With so many roads and transportation, the traffic may be heavy. Opportunity: With high accessibility, this area is suitable for commercial activities. Threats: Still some places cannot be reached by bus.

Air Pollution: Hub Air & Solid Pollution: Medical Company & Factory Solide Pollution: Some Restaurants

Environmental Factors SWOT: Strength: Not much pollution Weakness: There is a big hub which is bad for air condition. Opportunity: There are also many greenlands which are good for environment. Threats: The solid pollution from restaurants and medical company is not easy to be disposed.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Site Analysis | Group 4

Top : Air pollution Right: Solide pollution Left: Medical company Bottom Lefr: Hub Above: Pollution

Concept Approach

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

Resilient Design

Definition Urban Resilience is the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience.

Examples include: -High unemployment -Overtaxed or inefficient public transportation system -Endemic violence -Chronic food and water shortages.

CHRONIC STRESSES Stresses weaken the fabric of a city on a daily or cyclical basis.

ACUTE SHOCKS Acute shocks are sudden, sharp events that threaten a city.

Examples include: -Earthquakes -Floods -Disease outbreaks -Terrorist attacks

Top Left: Songdo smart city design Top Right: High unemployment Bottom: Resilient Design

What Makes a City Resilient? It is comprised of : •4 Dimensions -Leadership & Strategy -Health & Wellbeing -Economy & Society -Infrastructure & Environment • 12 Drivers • (based on) 7 Qualities

Economy & Society The social & financial systems that enable urban populations to live peacefully, and act collectively. -Promote Cohesive and Engaged Communities -Ensure Social Stability, Security and Justice -Foster Economic Prosperity

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design Infrastructure & Environ- Enhancing Resilient Cities ment -Reflective The man-made and natural -Resourceful systems that provide critical -Inclusive services, protect, and connect -Integrated urban assets. -Provide and En- -Robust hances Protective Natural and -Redundant Man-Mande Assets -Flexible -Ensure Continuity of Critical Service -Provide Reliable Communication and Mobility

Leadership & Strategy The processes that promote effective leadership, inclusive decision-making, empowered stakeholders, and integrated planning. -Promote Leadership and Effective Management -Empower a Broad Range of Stakeholders -Foster Long-Term and Integrated Planning Health & Wellbeing Everyone living and working in the city has access to what they need to survive and thrive. -Meet Basic Needs -Support Livelihoods and Employment -Ensures Public Health Services

Left: What Makes a City Resilient? Above: Basic Needs

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

Case Study 1 : Jinhua Yanweizhou Park Project Location: Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China Project Size: 26 Hectares Date of Design: August, 2010-October, 2013 Date of Completion: May 2014 Architect: Turenscape Client: Jinhua Planning Bureau

Design Strategy 1.Adaptive Tactics to Preserve and Enhance the Remnant Habitats. The first adaptive strategy was to make full use of the existing riparian sand quarries with minimum intervention. In this way, the existing micro-terrain and natural vegetation are preserved, allowing diverse habitats to evolve through time.

ISSUES Before the Yanweizhou Park project was implemented, the three rivers, each of which is over 100 meters wide, divide the densely populated communities in the region. As a result of this inaccessibility, the cultural facilities, including the opera house and the green spaces adjacent to the Yanweizhou, were underutilized.

The biodiversity of the area was adapted and enhanced through the addition of native wetland species. This enrichment, particularly of species that provide food for birds and other wildlife, increases biodiversity.The inner pond on the inland is designed to allow water to infiltrate from the river through the gravel layers that make the otherwise dirty river water swimmable. Top: Comparison Bottom: Bird View

2. Water Resilient Terrain and Planting Design The landscape architect devised a contrasting solution and convinced the city authority to stop the construction of the concrete floodwall as well as demolish others. Instead, the Yanweizhou Park project “makes friends” with flooding by using a cut-andfill strategy to balance earthwork and by creating a

white, and meandering paths that define circular and oval planting areas and activity spaces. The spatial organization and design forms establish an extensive paved area for a large audience during the events at the opera house. Circular spaces dissolve the extensive paved area needed when the opera house is in use and provide intimate shaded

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design spaces for daily use. Long fiberglass benches encircle the bio-swales planted with native water adaptive species such as Chinese Redwood. Grading Plan and Section: flood walls are removed and a cutand-fill strategy is used to create terraces to make the site cooperate with flood. The design is 100% permeable.

water-resilient, terraced river embankment that is covered with flood adapted native vegetation. 3. A Resilient Pedestrian Bridge Connects City and Nature, Future and Past A pedestrian bridge snakes across the two rivers, linking the parks along the riverbanks in both the southern and northern city districts, and connecting the city with Yanweizhou Park within the river. The bridge design was inspired by the local tradition of dragon dancing during the Spring Festival. 4. Resilient Space for Dynamic Experience The design uses curves as the basic language, including the curvilinear bridge, terraces and planting beds, concentric paving bands of black and

Top: Preserve and Enhance the Remnant Habitats Left: Masterplan Above: Water Resilient Terrain and Planting Design

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

Case Study 2 : New York City ISSUES In late October 2012, Hurricane Sandy roared into New York Harbor with unprecedented force, causing record-breaking water levels. Many neighborhoods were devastated, with homes and businesses becoming flooded, public services interrupted, and

Existing Resilient Project -Hunts Point Resiliency -Harding Park Resilient Neighborhoods Study -Bronx River Shoreline at Starlight Park

infrastructure damaged. After the storm passed and the water receded, a new reality emerged: New Yorkers must confront the implications of living in a coastal city. Our neighborhoods, economy, and public services are ready to withstand and emerge stronger from the impacts of climate change and other 21st century threats.

Buildings The cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s buildings will be upgraded against changing climate impacts. Infrastructure Infrastructure systems across the region will adapt to maintain continued services. Coastal Defense New York Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coastal defenses will be strengthened against flooding and sea level rise.

Goals Neighborhoods Every city neighborhood will be safer by strengthening community, social, and economic resil

Top: The Citadel at night Bottom: The Citadel at night

Neighborhoods

Infrastructure

INDICATORS + TARGETS -Increase the capacity of accessible emergency shelters to 120,000 -Increase the rate of volunteerism among New Yorkers to 25 percent by 2020

INDICATORS + TARGETS Reduce customer-hours of weather-related utility and transit service outages. Increase the percentage of patient beds at hospitals and long-term care facilities in the 100-year floodplain benefiting from retrofits for resiliency.

Buildings INDICATORS + TARGETS Increase the percentage of households in the 100-year floodplain with flood insurance policies. Increase the square footage of buildings upgraded against flood risk Increase the number of homes elevated through the Build it Back program

Coastal Defense

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

INDICATORS + TARGETS Increase the linear feet of coastal defenses completed Increase the acres of coastal ecosystems restored Increase the number of residents benefiting from coastal defenses and restored ecosystems Top Left: The Citadel at night Top Right: The Citadel at night Left: The Citadel at night Above: The Citadel at night

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

Community Park -Waterfront Plaza -Park -Restaurant -Landscape Bridge -Water Sports Hospital Park -Recreation Turf -Recreation Plaza -Fountain -Storage -Mixed-use Residential Area

Sports Center -Relaxation Plaza -Entertainment Street -Distribution Square -Hotel -Wellness Arena -Sports Stores -Waterfront Plaza -Water Sport

Wetland Educational Park Top Left: Concept Design Top Right: Existing Land Use -Museum Above : Massing Model -Education Center -Pavilion -Boardwalk -Green Landscape Belts Business and Residential Area -Mixed-used Residential -Hotel -Waterfront Park -Restaurant

Resilient Design in Site 1. Survival : The site has to help people survive during the flooding season. 2. Adaption: The site must be adapted for SiXin district's development trend. 3. Growth: The site must become a cost-effective and ecological district.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Resilient Design

1. Survival a.Blue and Green Infrastructure b.Wetland c.High Land Park 2. Adaption a. International center of SiXin district: International; Advanced; Typically b. Many residential areas and education center in the site: Recreation; Relaxation; Ecologically 3. Growth a. More parking plots b. More green lands in hospital and residential area c. Economic development, enhance tourism

Top Left: The Citadel at night Top Right: The Citadel at night Left: The Citadel at night Above: The Citadel at night

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design

Sustainable Urban Design Top: Downtown Rochester Master Plan Middle: The Three Dimensions

Definition of Sustainable development “Sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.” — World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, pp. 4, Oxford University Press, New York, 1987. This

Definition of sustainable Urban Design Urban development should be guided by a sustainable planning and management vision that promotes interconnected green space, a multi-modal transportation system, and mixed-use development. Diverse public and private partnerships should be used to

at least the economic, social, and environmental pillars. If any one dimension is weak then the system as a whole is unsustainable. Social Dimension Make products that improve people’s lives. Support the communities in which we live and work. Maintain quality work environments.

create sustainable and livable communities that protect historic, cultural, and environmental resources. In addition, policymakers, regulators and developers should support sustainable site planning and construction techniques that reduce pollution and create a balance between built and natural systems. -----ASLA

Source materials responsibly. Economic Dimension Be profitable. Environmental Dimension Manage the costs to customUse resources wisely. ers and consumers to use our Comply with laws. products. Minimize our facilities’ impact Make products that people by operating safely, responsibly want. and efficiently. Three Dimensions Support our communities by Reduce the adverse impact of buying local goods and serThe three Dimensions of sustainability are a powerful tool for our products in use. vices, paying taxes and particidefining the complete sustainpating in local activities. ability problem. This consists of

Urban Design (SUDes) aims to produce highly skilled and creative professionals capable of turning the world´s growing cities into healthy, attractive and sustainable places.

definition has been formulated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), led by the norwegian prime minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, in 1987.

-----Sustainable Urban Design Journal

The 8 Principles Known as The 8 Principles, these concepts offer a guide for cities seeking to reduce their carbon footprint, improve residents’ mobility, and foster strong economic growth. 1.Develop neighborhoods car-free streets encourage walking. Walkable streets and neigh borhoods are the foundation of every great city. Walking reduces auto dependence, supports public transit, improves health, and promotes community. Simple measures —such as limiting road width, block lengths, and setbacks between buildings and sidewalks —encourage walking. Designing streets that are safe to cross and providing comfortable, interesting places to walk should be the first priorities for establishing livable, low-carbon cities.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design 7.Create compact regions once again encourage cyclists tions, but cities can guarantee with short commutes by providing safe conditions, the overall success of their Community location has a longincluding bike lanes and secure transit by providing frequent, bicycle parking. fast, and direct service in easily term impact on sustainability. New city centers placed far from accessible locations. existing cities are inconvenient 3.Create dense networks of and rarely thrive. City planners streets and paths 5.Zone for mixed-use neighcan avoid this by locating comIt is a common misconception borhoods that wide streets are more efChina’s cities of tomorrow need pact new sub-centers within or ficient and improve traffic flow. to combine the benefits of mod- adjacent to existing cities. Road design should maximize ern housing with the best qualihuman mobility rather than ve ties of traditional urban neigh borhoods which was the lively mix of shops and services near homes and jobs that gave these areas their charm and identity. 6.Match density to transit capacity High density is crucial to low-carbon cities, but density alone is not enough. In order to avoid congestion, housing must Street Net Work be located close to public transit hicle throughput. Narrow streets that allow one-way motor traffic as well as bicycles and pedestrians will significantly reduce congestion—and fuel use—in Chinese cities by minimizing traffic signal delays.

and jobs. Density also needs to be related to the capacity of all modes of transportation. If roads are designed as suggested in this guide — with bike and 2.Prioritize bicycle networks pedestrian-friendly corridors, In the 1980s, millions of Chitransit priority lanes on major nese people depended on arterials, and one-way arteribicycling as their primary mode 4.Support high-quality transit al couplets —activities can be of transportation. Bicycling is Each Chinese city will need to concentrated to make walking, no longer safe or convenient in determine the appropriate mix of cycling, and mass transit more many Chinese cities. To ease convenient than driving. congestion, Chinese cities must transit solutions for its condi

Reginal Transit of Kunming

8.Increase Mobility by Regulating Parking and Road Use Avoiding gridlock requires limiting the use of vehicles to levels that the road network can support. Peak commute-hour car trips are often unnecessary and should be discouraged.Chinese cities should consider these strategies—which complement the above principles—to help relieve their congestion problems. 89

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design

KEY FEATURES 1. Green spaces will be interspersed throughout the city. Located in an area of low rainfall, the Eco-city will draw a significant part of its water supply from non-traditional sources such as desalinated water. Integrated waste management will be implemented in the Ecocity, with particular emphasis on the reduction, reuse and recycling of waste.

homes to meet residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs and provide opportunities for residents to interact. 4. he development of the Ecocity will respect local heritage. The profile of the Ji Canal, which is 1,000 years old, will be retained. Two existing villages within the Eco-city site will also be conserved through adaptive reuse or partial rebuilding.

2. A light-rail transit system, supplemented by a secondary network of trams and buses, will be the main mode of transportation in the Eco-city. This will help to reduce its carbon emissions. 3. Social harmony will be a key feature of the Eco-city. An important instrument will be subsidised public housing in the Eco-city, which will help to meet the housing needs of the lower and lower-middle income strata of society, and enable people of different income and social strata to live near to, and interact with, one another. The Eco-city will be barrier-free to cater to the needs of the elderly and the mobility-impaired. Public social and recreational facilities will be located within easy access of

Top Left: Design Ideas 2 Top Right: Public Place Making Left: Energy & Resource Conservation Above: Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city

The third part of the base is mainly used for the construction of the business district, the central business district can provide a series of commercial activities and service establishments, located in the center of the entire base, the design of the surrounding loop. The main consideration is to attract more tourists to develop tourism, and has the characteristics of sustainable design. Therefore, the installation of a sustainable base, such as solar panels, green roofs and sustainable water cycle system, including the full use of wind power infrastructure. The location of the first commercial scale based on community facilities, commercial area and not blindly seek large; second is the function orientation, as community commercial facilities include a small community supermarket, fitness center, commercial street, several main contents of community property center; thirdly, the planning and positioning the form of space, from the plane to say it is the community center, space that it is the entire community â&#x20AC;&#x153;basinâ&#x20AC;? -- all around is the 11 floor 18 storey residential planning and design; finally,

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design is the essence of it should be suitable for the formation of community cultural activities to the space, which form the center up to the community spirit and cultural center, the only way in order to make the entire business district is full of vitality, full of vitality. All of this is the full communication with the developers on the basis of mutual discussion to determine, but also to guide our planning and design.

Top : Site Part 4 Left 1: Site Part 5 Left 2: Site Part 6 Above: Site Part7

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design

Part I Wetland Park This part is one of the places that has a big area of water body. And the water body also has a function of release the pressure of flooding problem. We decide to keep its natural form and design it to a wetland.

Concept Design Central Business District Residential Area Urban Green Space

Road System Water Body Green Space

The Model

Case Study Liupanshui Minghu Wetland Park, Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, China The carefully graded, interlocking bio-swales and pond system along the valley acts as a “green sponge”. Storm-water is detained and retained to capture or transform the agricultural and urban non-point source pollutants. The designed landscape creates diverse native habitats for biodiversity enhancement.

It serves as access into the designed wetland and as a linkage that invites the ever busy residents to “slow down” their pace just as the bio-swales slows down the water. The relaxed pace allows people to enjoy the everyday landscape surrounding the city

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design Part II Waterfront DevelopPart III City Park The biggest green space of the ment site. We want to use elevation This part is close to the Central Business District and also enjoy difference to solve the flooding problem and further more, it a water body. Compare to the natural bank design in part I, we could provide place for recreintend to put more hardscape in ation activities for the big sixin area. this site. Case Study The Big U, Manhattan, NY, USA

Case Study Corktown Common, Toronto, ON, Canada

The BIG U goes beyond flood protection by integrating social and economic amenities that enhance habitat, improve waterfront access, and create new recreational opportunities. Various segments become a catalog of adaptive strategies that can be applied at various scales.

With topographic variation, the park not only offers a range of micro-environments, but also acts as a visual and acoustical shield from existing civil infrastructure and industry. Atop the sheltering topography of the marsh, woodland, meadow and aquatic plants interact vigorously in the ongoing process of renaturalizing a brownfield.

The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bridging Bermâ&#x20AC;? concept outlines ways in which a protective landscape could be combined with improved connections to the waterfront. It features wide landscaped bridges and highlights the potential for enhanced recreational value for neighboring housing campuses.

The Central Lawn transforms under a blanket of snow, supporting recreational activity in all four seasons. Grey water from the water play zones is fully recycled and reused throughout the park.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design

Ecological Design

General Definition Wikipedia: Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and Earth science. Oxford Dictionary: The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms

decision making about the use of landscape. -By Frederick R. Steiner Whereby a region is understood as a biophysical and social process comprehensible through the operation of laws and time. This can be reinterpreted as having explicit opportunities and constraints for any particular human use. -By Ian Mcharg

to one another and to their one Top Left: World of Plants Left: The Ecplogical Design another and to their physical Digram surroundings, the political movement concerned with protection of the environment. Specified Definition Ecological planning is the use of biophysical and sociocultural information to suggest opportunities and constraints for

Ecplogical Design Diagram Social: Interconnectedness of abiotic, biotic and man-made components, The local character of the place, User and observer as participant in the design Environmental: Landscape considered and studied as a system, Existing ecosystem diversity and sustainability Educational: Landscape as a product of natural and cultural process, Creative in art and nature, Integrating of emotions and imaginations, Involving total conscious and unconscious experience Economic: Energy efficiency, subsidies/incentives for use of natural resources Case studies The Bishan – Ang Mo Kio Park Ang Mo Kio Park, as the name has suggested, is located between Bishan and Ang Mo Kio, Singapore, and it is along the perimeter of Sungai Kallang River. At 62 hectares, it is one of the largest popular parks in Singapore. It is an idealised micro-environment, deliberately employing viewpoints that gaze over romantic vistas created by the contours of the landforms,

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design

the existing treescape, the banks of reeds and grasses, the placement of rock formations and most overtly by the course of the river itself. It is a pastoral landscape and its ‘back to nature’ intentions have been reinforced by nature itself, as the park has been quickly colonised by wildlife and wildflowers.

Soil Bioengineering: One unique feature of Bishan-Ang Mo Kio park again is that it is an integrated waterscape park. Rather than using the concrete canal design system, this bioengineering technique, which is a combination of vegetation, natural materials, and civil engineering techniques) to stabilize the river banks and prevent erosion. Top: Before and After, Aerial View of Kallang River Middle: Soil Bioengineering Bottom: Plan of Ang Mo Kio Paek

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design

Qunli Stormwater Wetland Park, Haerbin, China Turenscape’s strategy was to transform the dying wetland into a ‘green sponge’ - an urban stormwater park, which will not only rescue the disappearing wetland, but will also provide multiple ecosystems services for the new urban community. The design strategies are multifaceted and multilayered. ● Leave the nature core alone ● Cut-and-fill strategy to create an outer ring. ● The path and platforms ● The upper layer above the natural landscape An urban stormwater park, which will not only rescue the disappearing wetland, but will also provide multiple ecosystems services for the new urban community.

fishing, walking and cycling to environmental education, or simply to get an eyeful of the landscape. The objective was to rethink urban public space located in a complex, unexpected, almost improbable universe of urban, industrial, agricultural and natural landscape. Aiming to keep the ‘essence of the space’ the team designed a unique greenway, grounded in the landscape’s natural and cultural features, with a multitude of recreational and leisure opcommunities are given recreTagus Linear Park, Portugal ation and leisure opportunity in tions, safeguarding the existing The Tagus Linear Park is an direct contact with the riverside, natural systems and promoting area of 15 000 sq m that was which was until recently blocked the ecological regeneration of conquered by the surrounding damaged areas. by large industrial lots. People communities of the industrial private sector and was felt as a of all ages, from different walks democratic intervention by those of life and cultural backgrounds are now invited to come and forever deprived of access to the River. For the first time, peo- enjoy a diverse palette of equipment and activities: from sports, ple of adjacent urban Top: The Plan of Qunli Stormwater Weland Park Bottom: Perspective of Qunli Stormwater Wetland Park

Design Strategies Social: Platforms, pavilions, viewing towers, skywalk Environmental : native plants species, ecological water treatment technology, health and safety regulations, on-site stormwater retention, solar lighting, preserve nature core, wetland park, housing climbing plants, shelter and nesting for a variety of animals Educational: environmental education,Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s garden, science center Economic: on-site green waste recycling program, high-efficiency capillary irrigation system

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design

Top: Concept Plan Bottom: Zone Division

Education & Research Zone

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design

Green spaces: -World of Plants -Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Garden -Skypark -Science Research Park Buildings: -Science Center -Research Center -Energy Institution -Wildlife Museum -Aquarium Structure -Solar Supertree Grove -Sky Way

Community Regeneration Zone Green spaces: -Botanical Garden -Healing Garden -Natural Heritage Garden Buildings: -Boat Station -Public Library -Cloud Forests F-lower Dome C-ommercial and Services -Mental health and fitness center

Envirnmental Conservation Zone Green spaces: -Eco-discovery Park -Wetland Park Buildings: -Natural History Museum -Wetland Institution -Conservation Ecology Center -Centre for Sustainable Chemistry

Top: The Massing Model Middle: The Transportation Diagram Bottom: The Pedestrain Diagram

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Ecological Design Science Center basic research and applied Science centers connect people research in addition to with science. non traditional techniques. Science centers provide Additionally, today many firsthand experience and an universities are establishing opportunity to develop intuitions research centers to conduct a about the natural world. specific research or education Science centers encourage activity. curiosity. Exhibits that are beautiful or surprisingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;or even funnyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;can encourage visitors to approach new phenomena and ideas. Top: The Green Space Diagram Site uses include offices, Middle Left: The Water bodies laboratories, testing facilities, Diagram product development, Bottom Left: The Building and consulting, production & Structure Diagram prototype creation. Bottom Right: The Science center Research Center A research center is a facility or building dedicated to research, commonly with the focus on a specific area. Centers apply varied disciplines including

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Health City Design

Health City Design

Definition A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. In order to plan, design and manage places so that they

positively influence the health and wellbeing of communities, we need to identify and work with all these factors .

The determinants of health can be broadly classified as below: •Physical •Social •Environmental •Mental

PHYSICAL : Prevention of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, dementia, and cancer. Improving awareness of the benefits of food growing and healthy eating.

POSSIBILITIES •Jogging tracks •Bicycle tracks •Play area for children •Community gardening •Outdoor Gym areas •Sports fields

Top Left: Novena Health City, Singapore Bottom: Fordham Park & Walpole Road Underpass

SOCIAL : A better quality of life for elderly people . better learning and development for children (wellness, nutrition and play) and adults.

ENVIRONMENTAL : Improving the condition of water Improving air condition Reducing noise pollution Soil erosion

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Healthy City Design POSSIBILITIES •Fitness trails and bird watching/ expeditions/hiking - adventure •Vegetative gardens •Community gardens •Commercial strip •Amphitheatre/Congregation spaces •Workstations for office goers

POSSIBILITIES •Creating an ecosystem (biodomes, waterfall aviaries and butterfly farms for the revival of endangered species). •Water front development •Planting /restoring or maintain ing forest groove •Waste water management. •Use of solar energy

MENTAL : Relieving stress Therapeutic and medical concerns POSSIBILITIES •Healing gardens •Meditation and Yoga centers

Top Left: Qunli Stormwater Wet land Park Top Right: Scott Outdoor Amphitheater Left: Healing gardens

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Health City Design

Case Study Eastern Curve Garden, Dalston, London Creating a valuable community hub from a temporary space

INITIATIVE: Dalston Eastern Curve Garden was created in spring 2010 to provide much-needed public green space in an area with little. It was developed as part of Making Space in Dalston, a Design for London-funded project to improve public space in the area.

FEATURES: Structural planting includes silver birch and alder, small ‘copses’ of hazel and wild cherry, and a native hedgerow. Fruit, vegetables and herbs, chosen for their ornamental value as well as taste, are grown in a series of large raised beds and are used in the garden’s on-site café.

A large wooden pavilion is the focal point for community events and regularly houses music, dance, cooking and gardening activities, as well as being a relaxing meeting place.Most of the garden furniture has been constructed on site from reclaimed wood and recycled pallets from the nearby Ridley Road market.

The garden is tended by volthe pollution from heavily trafunteers, including children and ficked roads nearby. young people. No chemicals are used, all garden material is composted on site and rainwater is collected in recycled whiskey barrels. Wider health benefits have been delivered through tree planting that offers shade during warm weather and goes some way towards improving air quality by offsetting Top Left: Eastern Curve Garden

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Healthy City Design Case Study INITIATIVE: Fordham Park & Walpole Road The objectives were to provide Underpass, Deptford Lewisham a robust, open and safe public park, including a new shared pedestrian and cycle route, play space for a variety of age groups, improved lighting and way-finding signage as well as increasing safety and perceptions of safety in the underpass.

FEATURES: In an area where there is a deficiency of open space, the regeneration of a park and underpass has delivered a safe and accessible route, and public open space that is well used and appreciated by the community. This is a concept and a design that successfully transformed a space into a place. It responds to community needs in a considered, pragmatic and coherent way. Main pedestrian and cycle routes were provided with bespoke LED lighting and colored marker lights to enhance night time route demarcation. The underpass included a unique lighting scheme developed with the artist to improve light levels and reinforce the design concept.

The park and underpass are part of the 'Mayors Great Spaces' programme. Workshops with students from schools and Goldsmiths University created designs for a youth shelter and pupil's poetry was engraved in paths, creating a strong sense of local ownership.

Top : Masterplan Above: Fordham Park

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Health City Design

Concept

Based on the above analysis, the site is divided into for parts, social, physical, environmental, mental.

Physical Health include indoor and outdoor activity. Outdoor activities include walking, running, taking a bike, football and soccer. Indoor activities include swimming and ball activities.

Above: Concept division

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Healthy City Design Mental Health include healing Environmental health include gardens and nursing home for water front activities and water elderly people. management

Social health includes Shopping mall, Coffee shop, Art studio,Gallery Art & Creative community, Community garden, Indoor & outdoor theater, Musical events.

Top Left: Mental Health Top Right: Environmental Health Left: Rain water purifition Right: nursing home for elderly people

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Master Plan & Site Specific Details

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Resilient Urban Design

Resilient Urban Design BACKGROUND Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province and is recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of Central China on the Yangtze and Han rivers. Renowned as â&#x20AC;&#x153;the transportation leading to nine provinces â&#x20AC;&#x153;, Wuhan is also the metropolis in central China.

In 2004, Wuhan decided to develop Hanyang district. Now, more than 10 billion RMB has been invested in Sixin New District. Local Government would like to develop this region as a diversity area containing a technology zone, residential complex, exhibition centers and art zone etc.

Wuhan has a lot of means of transportation, like bus, metro, airport, ferry, railway. At the same time, although there are a lot of lakes, it is experiencing the Lake Reclamation Land problem.

Top Left: Background Top Right: Transportation Bottom Left: Site Analysis Bottom Middle: Site Location Botton Right: Hanyang Development

CONCEPT It is comprised of 5 parts: - Community park - Sports center - Hospital park - Mixed-use commerial area - Wetland education park

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Resilient Urban Design

Resilient City Design has 12 drivers, we divided them into our 5 parts. PLANT This region has a semi-moist monsoon climate and there is a clear distinction between the four seasons. The city is very hot every summer, therefore the place is an excellent place for citizens to escape the heat because of lots of trees here. This region has abundant local plant resources, we choose to reserve them. ACTIVITY Our plan offers a variety of program to meet citizens needs, like swimming, riding a bicycle, play tennis and other sports activities. At the same time, we also have different restaurants and education center for studying. Therefore, the combination of life, work and travel will provide good service for residents and tourists.

Top Left: Section Left: Materplan Above: Design Analysis

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Resilient Urban Design

Sports Center is an important part in resilient design. This design can encourage residents to go outside and participate in activities. It offers an opportunity for residents to be close to nature. What is the important is that if this place is suffering flooding, residents can go to the wellness arena for escaping. It likes a shelter for residents Io live inside shortly. Permeable paving materials to reduce storm water run-off and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater rather than run into surface water. Each of different layers acts as a filtration system to clean storm water.

Top Left: Detail Design I Top Middle: Perspective I Top Right: Perspective II Middle Left: Section I Middle Right: Paving Materials Bottom Left: Detail Design II Botton Right: Section II

Actually, community park is build temporary. It will cooperate with local government that can foster long-term planning. Now this community park can provide a quiet and open healthy environment for residents. It offers a lot of programs for residents to participate and also the transportations very convenience.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Resilient Urban Design

This Plan illustrates the direction for public and private investment and increased programming and use of the waterfront.Â We focus on build construction such as roadways, parking, sidewalks, trails, a universally accessible dock, lighting, sports furnishings, signage, rain gardens and storm water treatment, and planting.Â What is important is that this park apply some renewable energy, such like solar system, walking energy and wind energy. For Short Term: - Back-up Generators(Flood-protected) - Elevation/Protection of mechanicals (i.e. heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems)

Top Left: Perspective III Top Middle: Detail Design III Top Right: Section III Bottom Left: Detail Design IV Above: Perspective IV

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Board | Sustainable Urban Design

Sustainable Urban Design Wuhan The core of wuhan, planning a population of 5.02 million, mainly to undertake service center cities in central China, to optimize the land use structure

Hanyang District Among them the main high strength development, must be supported by rail transit, compound of land use, economical and intensive utilization of land resources, evacuation center city population, industry transfer and guide urban area function integration.

readjustment. Central activity area formed by two rivers and four shore as the main body of the riverside cultural district. and the Yangzte jiang business shaft, guide the center city service.

Top: Three Universitisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Location Middle: Wuhan/Wuchang Bottom: Sixin District

Sixin District Our Site is Located in Sixin District in hanyang. In 2004, Wuhan decided to develop Hanyang district. Now, more than 10 billion RMB has been invested in Sixin New District. Local Government would like to develop this region as adiverse area containing a technology zone, residential complex, exhibition centres and

art zone etc. The Sixin Area planned followed an axis, on the one end of this axis is the Expo Exhibition Center, and the axis also goes through our Site, which give it a location advantage to develop it as a center.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design The Overall Design The area surrounding the CBD To reduce the traffic problem are residential area and mixedthe super center may cause and use area which enjoys a lake to develop more opprtunities view. Along the waterfront are of landscaping, we used a soft all well designed wetlands and green open space with different wave form cannal to replace the round core area. And the concept according to the area it central business district is along connected to. And the up right part is left for the city park to the cannal in the center area to enjoy a beautiful water view. give the residents a place to get the chance to go to the nature. Along this canal is also a well designed green area.

Top Left: The Master Plan Middle: Section Bottom: Perspective

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Board | Sustainable Urban Design

Waterfront Design This site is a part of the waterfront that located in the north of the lake on the side where close to the centeal urban area. This long linear area could be divided into three parts by the two roads. Based on the area connected, City Park, Commericial Area and Residential Area, these parts could be given three different direction: Nature,

Leisure and Community. Nature: To create a natural space for people to relax as well as a hibitat suitable for wild lives. Leisure: To create a leisure space for people gathering and staying. Community: To create multiple kinds of space for residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; daily activities.

Wetland The terraced wetlands and retention ponds could release the pressure brought by flood and play a role as rain garden that provide water to the aquatic landscape plants. Paths and Bicycle lanes allowed people go into the wetlands and enjoy the beautiful scenery created by colorful plants and multiple wild lives. Water Theater Like a transition part from natural bank to hard bank, this part reserved a large area of green space and water accessible space. The lawn terrace softed the height difference by using plants and provided a cozy space for staying and relaxing. People can go down to the lower space through the terrace and they

can also use it as a amphitheater to enjoy the lake view. The using of deck increased the opportunities of people getting access to the water. Adjacent to the mixed use area. This part provided a place for people who went to the stores and restaurants or people who work in the office building a chance to stand much closer to nature.

Top Left: The Site Plan Middle Left: The Wetland Plan Middle Right: Perspectives Bottom: The Water Theater Plan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design Community Park ed by multiple trees and shrubs As the closest part to the resiwith benches make people to dential area, the design is trying stop and stay. Three arch skyto satisfy residentisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; need of walks enhanced the experience daily activities. The setting of of enjoying the water view. Stairs allowed people to go basketball courts is to satisfy the sports need. The space on down to the lower stage to get a the far left with shade structrues better experience with water. is for gathering activities like Top Left: Community Park Planweekend farmer market or bar- Middle: The Sustainable Concept becue party. Bottom Left: The Bird-eye View Several resting nodes surround- Bottom Right: Planting Design Prioritize bicycle and pedestrain networks separated by green space High quality public transit Bicycle parking space and bus station equiped with solar panel to support lighting and battery charging

Appropriate size Active use around the plaza Good connection to surrounding areas Mixed-use buildings with small business Facing street buildings with view of nature

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Board | Sustainable Urban Design

This Shows The Overal Site Plan. I Designed A Business Area Including Different Parts And Sections. The Major Idea Of Design Is To Include The Concept Of Sustainability And The Notion Of Properity Business. Therefore,

The design of the central business district was changed to the river channel, the surrounding distribution of sustainable facilities, improve the original function of the site distribution, but did not change the original topography. At the same time, in order to connect with the surrounding traffic, it can be divided into the channel of the land area and the water channel. The water traffic on the main wear The Whole Area Attemtps To Utilize Wind Power, Waterfront through landlord axis, arrived at the lake wetlands area is locatTo The Most Degree That The Residents Here Can Enjoy The ed in the west side of the site, you can achieve a good climate Pleasure Brought About By The Convenience Of Living In A adjustment function, at the same time because the isolation Urban Area. of water and land transportation lines, can well reflect the characteristics of the local landscape characteristics and hydrology. Top Left: Foundation Analysis Top Right: Perspective Bottom: Site Plan & Bird View

The center of the central commercial street is divided into the whole river leading to the Wetland Park, so the main business is to create a wealth of water entertainment projects and the construction of the entire business district. A plurality of sections of the commercial area are provided with a garden and a leisure area, which is convenient for tourists and office workers to rest, entertainment and business negotiations in the area. From the entire area of commercial buildings overlooking, you can also see a very beautiful waterscape. At the same time, the facade design of commercial street is designed for the integration of the site and the design of the whole area. Through the design style will not only as a way to dredge the river flooding, but also really water as a kind of environmental regulation, it is necessary to ground water in the arrangement and construction arrangement for further optimization.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design To ensure that the design of the base to maximize the functionality of the business at the same time, add more sustainable elements to design.

Top Left: Section1 Top Right: Perspectives Left: Section2 Above: Bird View

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Board | Sustainable Urban Design

Internal business channel, through the linear texture of the two sides of the entrance space to guide the construction of shopping crowd. At the same time extended seat, planters, marking system, lighting system, outdoor exhibition space in the same square and rectangular elements, with simple form and sophisticated approach to meet the commercial office and not by the needs of the population, but also meet the construction planning of the high-end concise positioning. Through the landscape and scenery of the means to attract people to enter and stay, the layout of the water features and special facilities such as the merry go round, etc.. Details reflect the quality of a street lamp, a flower pot, a mobile retail kiosks, both to play the role of space division and guide pedestrians, but also a commercial atmosphere. Details of the use of vertical paving stone stripes, creating 1F pavement pavement atmosphere; Even the corridors of the vertical and horizontal combination of quantitative engineering and vitreous body,

the details highlight the sense of modern and delicate; Shop interior decoration with the luxury brand decoration standards, the use of a large area of glass curtain wall, improve and increase of modern shops show the details, improve the quality of material, to create a mashup building decoration high quality.

Top : Land Use Analysis Left 1: Site Land Use Left 2: Perspectives Above: Transportaion Analysis

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Concept Approach | Sustainable Urban Design The intention is for development A comprehensive green transport network, i.e., non-motorised to take place around a central and public transport, will be core of conserved ecological wetlands and rehabilitated water developed in the Eco-city. A light bodies. The main centre of the rail transit system will serve as the main mode of transport. Eco-city will be located on the Commercial sub-centres will be southern bank of a historical thousand-year-old river course, in each of the suburban areas to provide employment opportuniwhich has been planned for a variety of uses, including com- ties for the residents and reduce mercial, cultural and recreation- their need for commuting. al ones. There will be dedicated service industry parks, university and hospital sites in the Eco-city, which will contribute to the longterm economic vibrancy of the city in a sustainable manner.

Top Left: Constraction Materials Top Right: Plant Material Bottom: Light Views

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization

Ecological Revitalization Ecological Approach in Sixin District, Wuhan, China

Section A-A Our Design Strategies are useing of biophysical and sociocultural information to suggest ecological planning for the site. Social ecology is ecological, Master Plan reconstructive, and communitarian view on society. This is expressed through community centers, Tourism Facilities and public recreational areas Environmental ecology has B been revealed throgh native plants species, ecological water treatment technology, health and safety regulations, on-site storm water retention, preserve nature core, wetland park, shelter and nesting for a variety of animals Educational ecology will bring environmental education, Children’s garden, science center, on-site green waste recycling program, and highefficiency capillary irrigation system to the site.

LEGEND:

21- Natural History Museum

1- Solar Tree Structure

22- Healing Garden

2- Sky Park

23- Cherry Blossom

3- Children Garden

24- Osmanthus Garden

4- Visitor Center

25- Entry Plaza

5- Research Center

26- World of Plant

6- Energy Institution

27- Cloud Forest

7- Science Center

28- Café- terria

8- Commercial and Services

29- Fish Watching

9- Hotel

30- Parking Lots

10- Aquarium

31- Green Roof

11- Sky Walk

32- Boat Station

12- Eco-discovery Park

33- Natural Heritage Garden

13- Conservation Ecology Center

34- Picnic Area

14- Wetland Museum

35- Wetland

15- Wetland Institution

36- Lotus Garden

16- Meeting Center

37- Botanical Garden

17- Tourism Facility 18- Culture Center 19- Fitness Center and Mental

Health 20- Public Library

SCALE: 1”=200’ 0

100

200

400

Green Space

Water bodies

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization We focused on water bodies Sidewalk Building and green spaces preservation by limiting high density of residential building and prevention of site overloading and environmental risks. Urban water bodies and vegetated open spaces are key sites for building urban sustainability, Sidewalk promoting social economic and environmental objectives and influence urban wellbeing. Building Section B-B

Birds View

Water bodies

Bike Lane

Bike lane

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization

Perspective-Green Roof

Most of buildings of the site are desiged to have Green roof. The ecological benefits of greenroof: Rainwater management Improves the microclimate Binds dust and toxic particles Perspective-Public Transportation

Canals of water, as linear patches, and Different green spaces, form the main body of ecological corridors. Also, open green spaces have transition effects. Also, there are a lot of advantages and economic benefits associate with recreational improvements.

Perspective-Lakeview

Botanic Garden: To serve as an Perspective-Botanic Garden interdisciplinary resource focusing on teaching, research and outreach that advances awareness and understanding of plants, animals, minerals and our culture. Also, serve as a role model for preserving community greenspaces.

Native Plants: Provide policy directions that will enhance green space and protect the original character and scenic beauty of the center of the site.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization The Wetland Park will enhance Detail Plan-Wetland LEGEND the ecological function of the 1- Visitor Center Wuhan to a worldclass SCALE: 1â&#x20AC;?=50â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 2- Bike and Walk Trails conservation, education and 3- Skywalk tourism facility. The Wetland 0 25 50 100 4- Platform Park demonstrates 5- Tower 6- Seat with Water Plants the diversity of the Wuhan's 7- Rest Plaza wetland ecosystem and 8- Wetlands Plants highlights the need to conserve 9- Stormwater management them. in addition, wetland parks 10- Walk Path in Wetland inspire confidence in the future through effective, innovative and engaging Detail Perspective-Tower approaches to conserve wildlife and the ecosystems on which they depend. The Wetland Park not only rescue the disappearing water system, but will also provide multiple ecosystems services for the new urban community.

Proposed Circulation Analysis

Detail Perspective-Seating

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization

Detail Perspective-Skywalk

Detail Plan-Northeast Enterance

Community Environmental Center: The Community Environmental Center can establish the environmental health of Wuhan City With dedication to the betterment of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives. Flower Dome: enable flower shows and displays to be held within the conservatory. Natural Heritage Garden: To provide a space that illustrates the rich natural heritage of Wuhan, its plants, ecological processes and connections with mankind. To provide a demonstration of plant resources that can be used to enrich home landscapes with low-ecological impact and sustainable use of resources.

The design strategies are multifaceted. Firstly, the design leave the nature core alone. The central part is untouched and left alone for natural process to transform. Secondly, stormwater from the surrounding residential area is collected into a pipe around the circumference of the wetland, and then released evenly into the wetland after being filtrated and deposited through the ponds. Native wetland grasses and meadows are also used in the park. Then platforms, pavilions and viewing towers are connected by the skywalk to allow visitors to have beautiful views and observe the nature. The walk path in wetland also allow visitors to have a SCALE: 1â&#x20AC;?=100â&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience like walking in the forests. 0

100

LEGEND: 1- Northeast Entrance

Section- Water Canal

2- Water Fountain 3- Wetland Ecosystem 4- Deck 5- Bridge 6- Heritage Garden 7- Flower Dome 8- Trails 9- Parking Lot

200

Solutions to fast urban developments and a lot of impervious surfaces and as a result, the risk of urban flooding.

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Ecological Revitalization Detail Perspective- Enterance Park Detail Perspective- Northeast Enterance

Detail Perspective- Lake View From Deck

Location of: Detail PerspectiveEnterance Park

Location of: Detail PerspectiveNortheast Enterance

Location of: Detail PerspectiveLake View From Deck

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Healthy City Design

Healthy City Design

Top Right: Analysis Bottom: Masterplan

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Healthy City Design

Art-community: To live in an art way. In great art lofts. Get your own art studio. Communicate with other artists. With interesting water form. With fun walk way. Also live close to the art center. Which includes museum and theater. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a great space for social health.

In this community, there are primary roads and secondary roads for driving. There are also many pedestrian roads for walking. And the walkway is fun with water and stones.

Water is in a finger form. And it reaches almost everywhere in the community. It provides a great space for people to get close to water, to relax near water to be more creative.

Top: A-A Section Above: B-B Section

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Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Healthy City Design

Top Left: Perspective Bottom Left: Art community masterplan Bottom: Water and roads analysis Bottom Right: Art community perspective

A community garden is any piece of land gardened by a group of people, utilizing either individual or shared plots on private or public land. Community gardens contribute to a sense of community and connection to the environment and an opportunity for satisfying labor and neighborhood improvement. Community gardens improve usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; health

Wuhan Studio, China 2017 | Master Plan & Site Specific Details | Healthy City Design

Left: Details of art community Top Right: Perspective of community-garden Top: Masterplan of community-garden Bottom: Details of community-garden

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