LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
SCHOOLS FROM FORESTS
Clemson School of Architecture | Fall 2020 Fluid Studio | ARCH 3510 + 8570 Professor: Dustin Albright | Sponsor: LS3P
PART 02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PROJECT OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND RESEARCH THE FORESTS.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 FOREST PRODUCTS................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 BUILDING WITH TIMBER.....................................................................................................................................................................................................39
STUDENT DESIGN PROPOSALS GRADUATE PROJECT 01 [GABRIELLE BERNIER].................................................................................................................................................................................55 PROJECT 02 [STEFAN LANGEBEEKE].............................................................................................................................................................................65 PROJECT 03 [HUNTER HARWELL]...................................................................................................................................................................................75 PROJECT 04 [BRYAN HAZEL + AUSTIN WILLIAMS]................................................................................................................................................83
UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
05 [ADDIE CALLAHAN + ELLIE KUTZ].....................................................................................................................................................95 06 [ALYSSA HALLORAN + KATHLEEN CULLEN].................................................................................................................................105 07 [ASHLEY MEADE + STEPHANIE BOWERS]......................................................................................................................................115 08 [ELIZABETH VERA + ZARA SILVA-LANDRY].................................................................................................................................123 09 [EMMA HANSON + MOLLY GLASER + DANNY JARABEK]..........................................................................................133 10 [KARA AMMON + ZAIN SURKA]..................................................................................................................................................143
53
graduate design proposals
54
GABRIELLE BERNIER PROJECT 01
On this site sits a beautiful existing tree line that runs through the center from Brookfield Road back to Wedgefield Road. The primary design objective was to create a parallel experience with this tree line by designing a strong spine through the center of the building (parallel to that tree line), which serves as a central core for all the program spaces. Each of the program blocks branch off that spine and are pulled apart to create exterior voids that run all the way through to the core. This allows each of these program blocks direct access to natural elements.
ORIENT
PARALLEL
Studies show exposed timber within interior learning environments has proven to increase cognitive abilities and creativity, reduce stress, improve indoor air quality, and increase occupant’s overall well-being. Therefore, this building is designed with around 85% of the timber exposed. As this core is designed to parallel that tree line experience, the combination of large, double height, timber columns and clerestory windows is meant to mimic the feel of walking through a forest with light shining in through the tree tops. This, in addition to the courtyard voids cutting into the building, are both meant to exemplify the notion of bringing the outdoors indoors.
SPLIT
ES
AD RO
DOWNTOWN [DECKER BLVD]
PIN EN
FOREST LAKE PARK
G
RE
TIER
W ED
G
EF
IE
LD
RO AD
PROPOSED SITE
DOWNWARD SLOPING TOPOGRAPHY
BR
O
O
KF IE
LD
RO AD
PUSH+PULL
SNAP SITE TOPOGRAPHY
55
CONCEPT MASSING
TOPOGRAPHY
BUILDING ACCESS POINTS
EXISTING TREES
STREET ACCESS
NEIGHBORHOOD
VIEWS IN + OUT
CONCEPT SKETCHES
SITE ANALYSIS
WE
DG
EFIE
LD
RO AD
D OA DR
FIEL
OK BRO
56
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
57
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
LEARNING HUB
58
BUS ENTRY COURTYARD
GYM | MEDIA CENTER COURTYARD
SECTION THROUGH NORTHEAST COURTYARDS
SECTION THROUGH SOUTHWEST COURTYARDS
SOUTHWEST ELEVATION
59
WALL SECTION AT GYMNASIUM
SECTION PERSPECTIVE THROUGH CORE
60
WALL SECTION AT CLASSROOMS
61
CLT ROOF PANELS
LOAD-BEARING CLT WALLS
GLULAM COLUMNS + BEAMS
GIRDERS BEAMS
CLASSROOMS
STAIR
CLASSROOMS
RESTROOMS
ELEV.
HUDDLE
CLASSROOMS
HUB SPACE
CLASSROOMS
HUDDLE
ELEV.
RESTROOMS
CLASSROOMS
STAIR
CLASSROOMS
SECTION PERSPECTIVE THROUGH ACADEMIC BAR
62
EMBODIED ENERGY + LCA
STEEL VS TIMBER STRUCTURE
CARBON SUMMARY
73,572 CUBIC FEET OF MASS TIMBER PRODUCTS USED
6 MINUTES
TO GROW THIS MUCH WOOD IN US AND CANADIAN FORESTS
2,103 METRIC TONS CARBON STORED IN WOOD
814 METRIC TONS AVOIDED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
2,916 METRIC TONS TOTAL POTENTIAL CARBON BENEFIT
THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO
617 CARS
OFF THE ROAD FOR A YEAR
ENERGY TO OPERATE
308 HOMES FOR A YEAR
63
PRECEDENTS Durham Academy | Durham, NC | Cannon Architects | https://www.cannonarchitects.com/durham-academy-science-humanities/adowhgbzccw1g2w3xyvv96roijyy47
HUB space at end of core | Upper mezzanine level Innovative High School | Flat Rock, NC | Clark Nexsen | https://www.clarknexsen.com/project/innovative-high-school/ Second story classrooms overlooking core North Vancouver City Hall | Vancouver | Frederick Townley Smith | http://mg-architecture.ca/work/north-vancouver-city-hall/ Post + beam structure along core | Clearstory glazing | Framed views out Duke Integrative Medicine | Durham, NC | NVERSE Architects | http://www.dudapaine.com/portfolio_page/duke-integrative-medicine/ Idea of light coming in through treetops (clearstories + columns) Herget Middle School | Aurora, Illinois | Poon Design Inc. | https://www.poondesign.com/project/herget-middle-school/ Core with program blocks to either side UMass Design Building | Amherst, MA | Leers Weinzipfel Program blocks framed at exterior | Parapet + column base detail | Overhead door detail Discovery Elementary School | Ashburn, VA | VMDO Architects | https://www.vmdo.com/discovery-elementary-school.html Courtyard area at back of school with overhang + exterior learning North Carolina Museum of Art |Raleigh, NC | Thomas Phifer | https://www.archdaily.com/80719/north-carolina-museum-of-art-thomas-phifer
Courtyard spaces cutting into building and creating periodic voids Wallen Veterinary Hospital | Australia | Crosshatch | https://www.archdaily.com/876109/wallan-veterinary-hospital-crosshatch/596ee2b6b22e38e81f000069-wallan-veterinary-hospital-crosshatch-photo?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=navigation-next&next_project=yes
Wood slat screening (privacy screen + shading device) North Surrey Sport + Ice Complex | Surrey, BC, Canada | Francl Architecture | https://structurecraft.com/projects/north-surrey-sport-and-ice-complex
Ceiling/roof structure in gymnasium + cafeteria HEALTH + WELLNESS Can Timber Construction Benefit Health and Wellbeing?: https://www.structuraltimbermagazine.co.uk/news/can-timber-construction-benefit-health-and-wellbeing/#:~:text=Wood%20has%20been%20proven%20 to,open%20environment%20to%20promote%20wellbeing.
Monitored Indoor Environmental Quality of a Mass Timber Office Building: A Case Study: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/9/6/142/htm
8 Ways Timber Can Benefit Our Health: https://www.thestablecompany.com/blog/8-ways-timber-can-benefit-our-health-the-research
Workplace and Health Benefits of Timber: http://www.timberqueensland.com.au/Docs/Benefits%20of%20Timber/Fact%20Sheets/Factsheet_02_NEw.pdf
LCA + GLOBAL WARMING STUDY Tally | https://choosetally.com/tutorials/ CARBON STUDY WoodWorks Carbon Calculator | http://cc.woodworks.org/
64
STEFAN LANGEBEEKE PROJECT 02
In the early development of this project, I was interested in the aspects of a primary school that deals with the health and wellbeing of the students in order to maximize their learning potential. Many Montessori studies showed that some key components such as views to nature, proper lighting, student movement, exposed structure, and building a sense of community, were linked to increased attention, decreased fatigue, and overall greater engagement for the students. In the early design phases, I wanted to utilize those same components in order to maximize engagement and minimize fatigue. In these studies, you will see that in order to maintain those views to nature, I utilized the existing pine forest on the site as an organizing factor for introducing my 3 bars. In order to maximize movement, I broke up the middle spaces of the bars and carved out entrances on either side to allow for those views outward while promoting crossing paths inward. Finally, I reclaimed the existing school site, and developed park space to be given back to the surrounding neighborhood. Ultimately, this allowed for more dynamic circulation throughout the site and leveraged the existing infrastructure for car and bus drop off.
An attention-restoring experience can be as simple as looking at nature.
Some studies show that learning improves up to 20% in better-lit classrooms
Lighting A space that allows for movement can reduce student fatigue improve performance and promote student collaboration
Movement
Exposed Structure
Community
65
Elements such as color, exposed structure, and textures can stimulate a developing childs mind. This has positively resulted in faster learning, higher motivation, and enhanced creativity.
Developing CHildren long to feel included and a have sense of belonging. Designing for those visual connections and physical environments of interaction can positively affect the mental state of the student.
N
3 BARS
BREAK UP MIDDLE
CARVE OUT ENTRANCES 66
FIRST FLOOR
67 SECOND FLOOR
SOUTHEAST ELEVATION
Pre-k and k
1st and 2nd
3rd and 4th
3rd and 4th
Pre-k and k
5th
Pre-k and k
1st and 2nd
5th
Pre-k and k
SITE PLAN | BIRDS EYE
NORTHWEST ELEVATION
68
WALL SECTION
EXTERIOR RENDER
EXTERIOR RENDER
WALL SECTION
69
Curtain Wall Section
Classroom Wall Section
Curtain Wall Section
Classroom Wall Section
LVL
LVL Window 4” Concrete Floor Finish 5-ply CLt Glulam Mullion Detail by Sierra Pacific
Mullion Detail by Sierra Pacific Metal Plate
Metal Plate
Window
Rain Screen
Window Detail Metal Angle 5-ply CLt by Sierra Pacific
5-ply CLt 4” Concrete FloorGlulam Finish Vapor Barrier Rigid Insulation Gravel 4” Concrete Floor Finish
Rain Screen Batt Insulation Concrete Footing Batt Insulation
Vapor Barrier Rigid Insulation Gravel
Concrete Footing
WALL SECTION DETAIL
5-ply CLt 4” Concrete Floor Finish Glulam
Glulam 4” Concrete Floor Finish Window Detail Metal Angle Vapor Barrier by Sierra Pacific Rigid Insulation Gravel 4” Concrete Floor Finish Vapor Barrier Rigid Insulation Gravel WALL SECTION DETAIL
70
CLT STRUCTURE
DARK WOOD SIDING
71
STRUCTURAL EXPLODED AXON
INTERIOR RENDER
INTERIOR RENDER
MOVEMENT DIAGRAM
72
PRECEDENTS
THADEN SCHOOL ESKEW DUMEZ RIPPLE MARLON BLACKWELL ARCHITECTS
nce can be as simple as looking at nature.
g improves up to 20% in better-lit classrooms ITOI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ATELIER BNK
can reduce student fatigue improve performance ote student collaboration
ARLINGTON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MAHLUM
ructure, and textures can stimulate a developing in faster learning, higher motivation, and enhanced creativity.
cluded and a have sense of belonging. Designing and physical environments of interaction ct the mental state of the student. WILKES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MAHUM
73
REFERENCES Thaden School https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/thaden-school_o Itoi Elementary School https://www.archdaily.com/792976/itoi-elementary-school-atelier-bnk Arlington Elementary School https://www.mahlum.com/projects/arlington-elementary-school/ Wilkes Elementary School https://www.archdaily.com/596974/wilkes-elementary-school-mahlum 74
HUNTER HARWELL PROJECT 03
The two major site considerations were the existing tree line that cuts the site in half from Wedgefield to Brookfield, and the natural slope of the site with a rough elevation change of 20 feet. My first design objective was to create a courtyard school with two courtyards: one that is quiet that serves the functions of the classrooms and another loud courtyard to support the gymnasium. After analyzing the site, I placed the gym courtyard on the lowest part of the site, and the classroom courtyard on the most sloped portion for an opportunity for a stepped courtyard and to connect the upper part of the site through section. The initial building mass response was to wrap a ‘C’ shaped classroom wing around the sloped courtyard. This allows for natural light and views from all classrooms to the courtyard as well as views towards the surrounding Forest Acres neighborhood. Following this step was to place an inner ‘C’ shape circulation bar that allows for continuous views of the sloped courtyard. The bus loop comes off Green Pines and also wraps the faculty parking, drops off at the upper entry of the site, and exits out to Brookfield. The car drop off loop and visitor parking starts and ends on Wedgefield. After a student leaves their car they may chose to take the sloped entry to the main entry or walk across the media steps and walk down the steps into the site towards the entry. This visual axis leads to several multipurpose sports fields for the community for gatherings and sports events. I also wanted to give back some of my carbon footprint, so on the upper side of Wedgefield, I decided to plant more trees.
75
1
2
3
4
Site and Program Diagrams
5
6
7
8
1) 2 Courtyards
4) Classroom Breakout Space
7) Pre-K, Special Needs, Entry, Commons, Kitchen
2) 1- 5 Grade Classrooms
5) Art, Music, and Gym Spaces
8) Stepped Media Center
3) Classroom Circulation
6) Main Connector Circulation
Site Plan
1) Bus Loop
WEDGEFIELD ROAD
8
9
2) Faculty Parking
7
6
3) Car Loop
4
4) Sloped Entry Path
5 4
3 1 10
GREENPINES ROAD
WEDGEFIELD ROAD
5) Community Multi-Sport Fields
6) Gym Courtyard
7) Gym Parking
2 8) Loading Dock Zone
BROOKFIELD ROAD
9) Reforest
10) Bus Drop Off Entry
SITE PLAN
76
1) Gymnasium
Floor Plans
1) Gymnasium 2) Kitchen
2) Kitchen
1
3) Commons
3) Commons
4) Admin Core
4) Admin Core
2
5) Art
5) Art
6) Music
3
6) Music
5 8
6
7) Media Breakout Space
7) Media Breakout Space Gym Courtyard 8) 8) Gym Courtyard
4 7
10
12
Lower Floor 77
9
4(Upper)
11
12
Upper Floo
LOWER FLOOR
9) Mechanical Room 10) Stepped Media Center 11) Stepped Courtyard 12) Pre-K - 1st Grade 13) 2-5th and NASA Classes 14) Circulation Bar 15) Breakout Space
UPPER FLOOR
78
Sections
Sections
BUILDING SECTION
BUILDING SECTION
BUILDING SECTION
79
Wall Section and Elevation Portion
WALL SECTION DETAIL
80
PRECEDENTS
JFK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BREWSTER, NY KG+D ARCHITECTS
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL RUDRAPUR ANNA HERINGER
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL RUDRAPUR ANNA HERINGER
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL RUDRAPUR ANNA HERINGER
81
REFERENCES JFK Elementary School http://kgdarchitects.com/brewster-jfk-elementary-school/ Vocational School in Rudrapur https://inspiration.detail.de/vocational-school-in-rudrapur-106109.html 82
BRYAN HAZEL AUSTIN WILLIAMS PROJECT 04
This proposal has four main design initiatives: Engaging the community, creating exterior learning environments, enhancing safety through design, and establishing a close classroom proximity. To engage the community, we located the Core spaces of our building on the corner of Greenpines Rd and Brookefield Rd. We plan to make the school amenities available after school hours. The music room, art studio, and collaborative spaces are integrated within the core function of our building. The goal here was to create a space that is unique and that framed views of the surrounding site. We then positioned the administrative wing adjacent to Brookefield Rd. This wing will have to separate entrances, one for visitors and one for students and faculty. Grade levels will be evenly distributed, encouraging communication and collaboration amongst students. The academic bars speak a similar language as the creative core spaces. The ends of the bars are peeled back as well, and they frame the views of the experiential forest and athletic fields beyond. We introduced the main circulation of our building by connecting the bars to the core space and administrative space. We noticed that the new circulation gave us the opportunity to explore a wide range of exterior courtyard space. The main hallway is grounded, but the secondary hallway is floating to create an unconventional breezeway. By building on the site’s natural vegetation we created a path that could be used as a multimodal tool for recreation and learning.
PROGRAM DIAGRAMS
83
SITE PLAN
84
PROGRAM AXON
85
12
12
13 13
14
14
15 15
16 16
17 17.1
17
18
17.1
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
23.2
23.2
25
24
25
24
Q Q
P P
O O
N N
M.2 M.2
M
M
L.2
L.2 L
L
K
K
J
J
I
I
GROUND FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
NORTHERN BUILDING FLOOR PLANS H
G
F
E2
1
E
2
3
4
5
H
D
G
C
F
B
E2
A
1
FIRST FLOOR
2
3
4
5
6
7
7.2
8
8.2
9
9.2
10
11
UPPER FIRST FLOOR
SOUTHERN BUILDING FLOOR PLANS
86
RELATED ARTS + ADMIN SECTION
CLASSROOM SECTION
ADMIN | COURTYARD | LOCKER ROOM SECTION
87
88
WALL SECTION DETAIL
WALL SECTION DETAIL
89
12 13
14 15 16 17
17.1
18 19 20 21 22 23
23.2
24
Q
P
O
3-Ply CLT Roof Panel
5-Ply CLT Floor Panel
20’x10’
84 Total
106 Total
30’x10’
225 Total
177 Total
40’x10’
50 Total
54 Total
35,879.2 cubic feet
54950.7 cubic feet
N
M.2 25
M L.2 L
K
J
I
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN 12 13
14 15 1
16 17
17.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
18 19 20 H
21 22 23
23.2
24
G
F
Q
E2
P
E
O
D
N C
M.2 25
M L.2 B
L
A
K
J
7.2
8.2
9.2
I
GROUND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN
GROUND + SECOND FLOOR CLT PANEL LAYOUT
FIRST FLOOR FRAMING PLAN
FIRST FLOOR CLT PANEL LAYOUT
90
CLT FLOOR + ROOF LAYOUT
TPO Roofing Roofing Cover board 2 Layers of Rigid Insulation 3-Ply CLT Panel
Steel Plate M-24 Bolts 24” x 6” Glu-Lam Beam 12” x 12” Glu-Lam Column POST + BEAM DESIGN
Footing Concrete Floor Gyp Wall Board RC-1 Channels at 2’ O.C. 3-Ply CLT Panel RC-1 Channels at 2’ O.C. Gyp Wall Board CLT SHEAR WALL LOCATIONS
91
EXPLODED STRUCTURAL AXON
92
SUPPORTING DATA
CARBON CALCULATION DATA
Volume of wood products used: 156,415 cubic feet
133 Cargo containers
U.S. and Canadian forest grow this much wood in: 12 minutes Carbon stored in the wood: 4,446 metric tons of carbon dioxide
635 African Elephants
Avoided greenhouse gas emissions 1,907 metric tons of carbon dioxide Total potential carbon benefit 6,353 metric tons of carbon dioxide
4.5”x18” Glu-Lam beam
172 Total
30’ Long
2,902.5 cubic feet of wood
6”x24” Glu-Lam beam
74 Total
40’ Long
2,960 cubic feet of wood
6”x25.5” Glu-Lam beam
349 Total 30’-40’ Long
12,978.44 cubic feet of wood
10.5”x42” Glu-Lam beam 7 Total
70’ Long
1,500.63 cubic feet of wood
10.5”x45” Glu-Lam beam 8 Total
26’ Long
682.5 cubic feet of wood
12”x12” Glu-Lam column
87 Total 24’ Tall
14”x14” Glu-Lam column
80 Total 36’ Tall
3,920 cubic feet of wood
16”x16” Glu-Lam column
10 Total 24’ Tall
420 cubic feet of wood
18”x18” Glu-Lam column
8 Total
648 cubic feet of wood
33’ Tall
2,088 cubic feet of wood
20’x10’ CLT Floor Panel 106 panels used 12,147.6 cubic feet of wood 30’x10’ CLT Floor Panel 177 panels used 30,426.3 cubic feet of wood
17 Air Force Ones
40’x10’ CLT Floor Panel 54 panels used
12,376.8 cubic feet of wood
20’x10’ CLT Roof Panel
84 panels used
5,779.2 cubic feet of wood
30’x10’ CLT Roof Panel
225 panels used 23,220 cubic feet of wood
40’x10’ CLT Roof Panel
50 panels used
6,880 cubic feet of wood
Energy to operate 671 homes for a year CLT Shear Wall 56 panels used 7.25” Thick 32,904.4 cubic feet of wood
1,343 cars off the road for a year
93
Plywood Sheathing 59 sheets used
.75” Thick 73,292 cubic feet of wood
REFERENCES Hakusui Nursery School | https://www.archdaily.com/623479/hakusui-nursery-school-yamazaki-kentaro-design-workshop RMIT Garden Building | https://nmbw.com.au/rmit-nas-garden-building/ E2E Offices | https://www.archdaily.com/947454/e2e-offices-57studio Albina Yard | https://www.archdaily.com/908090/albina-yard-lever-architecture House on an Island | https://www.archdaily.com/910946/house-on-an-island-atelier-oslo
PRECEDENTS
94