Chameleonsuitjun02

A Chameleon Suit to Liberate Human Exploration of Space Environments Ed Hodgson HSSSI Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Introduction • “To boldly go ……

– We’ve found that you need a spacesuit – Vacuum, radiation, extreme heat and cold, micrometeoroids – This sure isn’t Kansas … So…

• “Working in their bulky spacesuits …

– But does it have to be this way forever?

– We think not!

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Overview • • • • • •

Study Foundations The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study The Phase II Study Concept The Emergence of Enabling Technologies The Study Plan Where It All Leads

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Systems Development History Life Support - Oxygen supply - CO2 removal - Humidity - Waste heat - Trace contaminants - Pressure control - Gas circulation Information Systems Pressure Suit (Isolation) - Insulation - Pressure barrier - MMOD - Radiation Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

• The base paradigm – “Protecting the human from a hostile environment” • Subsystem architecture – Protective pressure suit – Life support – Communication & information 4

Human Systems In Every-Day Life • Environmentally adaptive & connected – Multi-tiered control – Broad tolerance

• Functionally integrated

Insulation Factor(CLO) 1 2 3 4

– Multi-purpose systems – Distributed functions

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

From: NASA STD 3000

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The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study • Testing a new space-suit paradigm:

Sun Heated Surfaces Insulated

– Working with the environment – Integration of life support and pressure garment

Metabolic Heat Rejected Through Transmissive Surfaces With Low Sink Temperature

• Focus on thermal management • Applying emerging technologies Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study •According to environmental conditions • Vary conduction - active polymers control layer spacing • Vary layer emissivity

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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The Phase II Study Concept Active Heat Transport

Selective Mass Transport

Energy Harvesting O2

CO2 H2O

Oxygen Recovery

Active Suit Fit

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Active Heat Transport Technology • Micro-machines • Flexible thermoelectric polymers • Thermoelectrics • Recent breakthroughs in • Distributed thin-film performance modules Progress of Thermoelectic Improvements Figure of Merit, ZT

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Polymer state of the art

4 3

Conventional material state of the art

2 1

Commercially available material

0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Active Suit Fit Technology • Personal & variable fitting • Mechanical Counter Pressure (MCP) increases mobility & flexibility – SMA mesh – Smart gels

• Joints

Active Fit Mat’ls

– Unidirectional Stretch Fabric

• Active mobility support Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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Selective Mass Transport Technology 7000

CO2/N2 selectivity

6000

5000

Performance goal

Sodium glycinate

4000

3000

sodium carbonate

2000

1000

0 0.1

1

-5 10

3

2

100

CO2 permeance x10 (scm /cm /sec/cmHg)

1000

O2 Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

• Separate CO2, H2O from O2 with minimal O2 loss • Facilitated transport of CO2 through chemical reaction • Facilitators immobilized in membrane

CO2 H2O 11

Energy Harvesting • Incident Sunlight – Increased solar cell efficiency – Thin, flexible solar arrays

• Waste Metabolic Heat

Ideal Power Recovery Potential From Metabolic Waste Heat With Radiation To Various Heat Sinks 140 120

Power (Watts)

100

120-140 100-120 80-100 60-80 40-60 20-40 0-20

Power 80 (watts) 60 40 20 0 28

Tsink (K)

89

167

194

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

222

117

234

352

469

Met. Rate (Watts)

– Lower radiating temperatures – Thermoelectric heat pumps

• Reduce battery size • Local storage eliminates need for power distribution 12

Oxygen Recovery – Artificial Photosynthesis sugars

CO2

Carbon fixation

ATP

ADP light light

NADPH NADP

ATPase

H+ e-

echlorophyll

chlorophyll

PS II Water

eO2+H+

thylakoid membrane

PS I

H+

H+

http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

• Transform CO2, H2O back into O2 and fuel • Thermo-chemical reactions, electrochemical reactions, catalysis • Interest from environmental, biochemistry, medical fields 13

The Emergence of Enabling Technologies Advanced Materials Technologies

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

Bio-mimetic Technologies

Advanced Information Technologies

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Advanced Materials Technology Molecular Design Capabilities

Thermal Engineered Polymers / Nano-composites

Functional Materials Chemical

Nano-assembly Capabilities

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

O2

Optical

Mechanical

CO2 H2O

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Advanced Information Technologies CAD / CASE Tools

Advanced Manufacture

Reducing Scale

Advanced Integration Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

Connectivity/ Networking Technologies

Smaller, Faster, Cheaper, Systems

Advanced, Electrically Active Materials

Integrated Intelligence

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Bio-Mimetic Technologies Learning from nature Understanding biological materials and processes

Self assembling systems

Biologically inspired designs and approaches

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

Advanced Materials Toolbox

Biocatalysts Biomembranes

Engineered Bio-mimetic Designs Artificial Muscles 17

The Study Plan – What We Are Doing About It • Technology exploration • System concept development • System concept characterization – Prioritization and selection

• NASA coordination • Technology needs and potential assessment • Roadmap definition Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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The Study Plan System Evolution Perspective Chameleon Suit Concept Evolution Roadmap

Research Needs & Directions

Enabling Technologies

Concept Evolution

2010

2040

No-Expendables Heat Rejection

Self -Fitting Pressure Suit

Integrated CO 2 & H 2 O Management

Integrated Heat Pump Smart Polymers MEMS

Polymeric Thermo-Electrics

Microturbines / W earable Micro-channel HX Electronics Active Polymer Space Environment Tolerance High Performance IR Electro-chromics Fabric - MEMS Integration

Large Scale W earables Chameleon Suit, Ed Integration

High Force Active Polymer Advanced Joint Designs

Electro-Active Polymer Flexible, Light Molecular W eight, Thermo-electric Design Heat Pump

Efficient Integrated Micro-Fluid Systems

Hodgson

Energy Generation & Capture

Chemical Transport Smart Polymers Selective Membranes

Chemically Enhanced Transport Membranes Transport Control Mechanisms

Advanced Structural Design and Modeling Integration W ith Controlled Active Polymers Anisotropic Materials

O2 Regeneration Polymer Photo- & Thermo-Electrics Advanced Energy Storage Biomimetic Technologies Artificial Photosynthesis High Efficiency Photo Conversion Extended Life Metastable States Enhanced Charge Transfer Broad Spectrum Photo-Energy Capture High Efficiency Thermal Energy Conversion Low Energy Cost Reactions Oxygen Recovery Carbon Fixation

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Where It All Leads

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson

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