A Chameleon Suit to Liberate Human Exploration of Space Environments Ed Hodgson HSSSI Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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Introduction • “To boldly go …… – We’ve found that you need a spacesuit – Vacuum, radiation, extreme heat and cold, micrometeoroids – This sure isn’t Kansas … So…
• “Working in their bulky spacesuits … – But does it have to be this way forever? – We think not! Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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Overview • • • • • •
Study Foundations The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study The Phase II Study Concept The Emergence of Enabling Technologies The Study Plan Where It All Leads
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Systems Development History Life Support - Oxygen supply - CO2 removal - Humidity - Waste heat - Trace contaminants - Pressure control - Gas circulation Information Systems Pressure Suit (Isolation) - Insulation - Pressure barrier - MMOD - Radiation Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
• The base paradigm – “Protecting the human from a hostile environment” • Subsystem architecture – Protective pressure suit – Life support – Communication & information 4
Human Systems In Every-Day Life • Environmentally adaptive & connected – Multi-tiered control – Broad tolerance
• Functionally integrated
Insulation Factor(CLO) 1 2 3 4
– Multi-purpose systems – Distributed functions
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
From: NASA STD 3000
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The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study • Testing a new space-suit paradigm:
Sun Heated Surfaces Insulated
– Working with the environment – Integration of life support and pressure garment
Metabolic Heat Rejected Through Transmissive Surfaces With Low Sink Temperature
• Focus on thermal management • Applying emerging technologies Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study •According to environmental conditions • Vary conduction - active polymers control layer spacing • Vary layer emissivity
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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The Phase II Study Concept Active Heat Transport
Selective Mass Transport
Energy Harvesting O2
CO2 H2O
Oxygen Recovery
Active Suit Fit
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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Active Heat Transport Technology • Micro-machines • Flexible thermoelectric polymers • Thermoelectrics • Recent breakthroughs in • Distributed thin-film performance modules Progress of Thermoelectic Improvements Figure of Merit, ZT
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Polymer state of the art
4 3
Conventional material state of the art
2 1
Commercially available material
0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year
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Active Suit Fit Technology • Personal & variable fitting • Mechanical Counter Pressure (MCP) increases mobility & flexibility – SMA mesh – Smart gels
• Joints
Active Fit Mat’ls
– Unidirectional Stretch Fabric
• Active mobility support Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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Selective Mass Transport Technology 7000
CO2/N2 selectivity
6000
5000
Performance goal
Sodium glycinate
4000
3000
sodium carbonate
2000
1000
0 0.1
1
-5 10
3
2
100
CO2 permeance x10 (scm /cm /sec/cmHg)
1000
O2 Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
• Separate CO2, H2O from O2 with minimal O2 loss • Facilitated transport of CO2 through chemical reaction • Facilitators immobilized in membrane
CO2 H2O 11
Energy Harvesting • Incident Sunlight – Increased solar cell efficiency – Thin, flexible solar arrays
• Waste Metabolic Heat
Ideal Power Recovery Potential From Metabolic Waste Heat With Radiation To Various Heat Sinks 140 120
Power (Watts)
100
120-140 100-120 80-100 60-80 40-60 20-40 0-20
Power 80 (watts) 60 40 20 0 28
Tsink (K)
89
167
194
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
222
117
234
352
469
Met. Rate (Watts)
– Lower radiating temperatures – Thermoelectric heat pumps
• Reduce battery size • Local storage eliminates need for power distribution 12
Oxygen Recovery – Artificial Photosynthesis sugars
CO2
Carbon fixation
ATP
ADP light light
NADPH NADP
ATPase
H+ e-
echlorophyll
chlorophyll
PS II Water
eO2+H+
thylakoid membrane
PS I
H+
H+
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
• Transform CO2, H2O back into O2 and fuel • Thermo-chemical reactions, electrochemical reactions, catalysis • Interest from environmental, biochemistry, medical fields 13
The Emergence of Enabling Technologies Advanced Materials Technologies
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
Bio-mimetic Technologies
Advanced Information Technologies
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Advanced Materials Technology Molecular Design Capabilities
Thermal Engineered Polymers / Nano-composites
Functional Materials Chemical
Nano-assembly Capabilities
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
O2
Optical
Mechanical
CO2 H2O
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Advanced Information Technologies CAD / CASE Tools
Advanced Manufacture
Reducing Scale
Advanced Integration Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
Connectivity/ Networking Technologies
Smaller, Faster, Cheaper, Systems
Advanced, Electrically Active Materials
Integrated Intelligence
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Bio-Mimetic Technologies Learning from nature Understanding biological materials and processes
Self assembling systems
Biologically inspired designs and approaches
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
Advanced Materials Toolbox
Biocatalysts Biomembranes
Engineered Bio-mimetic Designs Artificial Muscles 17
The Study Plan – What We Are Doing About It • Technology exploration • System concept development • System concept characterization – Prioritization and selection
• NASA coordination • Technology needs and potential assessment • Roadmap definition Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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The Study Plan System Evolution Perspective Chameleon Suit Concept Evolution Roadmap
Research Needs & Directions
Enabling Technologies
Concept Evolution
2010
2040
No-Expendables Heat Rejection
Self -Fitting Pressure Suit
Integrated CO 2 & H 2 O Management
Integrated Heat Pump Smart Polymers MEMS
Polymeric Thermo-Electrics
Microturbines / W earable Micro-channel HX Electronics Active Polymer Space Environment Tolerance High Performance IR Electro-chromics Fabric - MEMS Integration
Large Scale W earables Chameleon Suit, Ed Integration
High Force Active Polymer Advanced Joint Designs
Electro-Active Polymer Flexible, Light Molecular W eight, Thermo-electric Design Heat Pump
Efficient Integrated Micro-Fluid Systems
Hodgson
Energy Generation & Capture
Chemical Transport Smart Polymers Selective Membranes
Chemically Enhanced Transport Membranes Transport Control Mechanisms
Advanced Structural Design and Modeling Integration W ith Controlled Active Polymers Anisotropic Materials
O2 Regeneration Polymer Photo- & Thermo-Electrics Advanced Energy Storage Biomimetic Technologies Artificial Photosynthesis High Efficiency Photo Conversion Extended Life Metastable States Enhanced Charge Transfer Broad Spectrum Photo-Energy Capture High Efficiency Thermal Energy Conversion Low Energy Cost Reactions Oxygen Recovery Carbon Fixation
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Where It All Leads
Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson
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