HYBRID by Politecnico di Milano

HYBRID

Hybrid Gabriele Gualdi

Didactic exercise Fall Semester 2010

INDEX PAPER 00_Hybrid Elisabeth Sikiaridi and Frans Vogelaar Hybrid Space Lab, Berlin (Germany)

ATLAS 00_ Hudson Terminal Buildings 00_Street markets 00_Harbour 00_Radio 00_Connections Interior worlds: HYBRID Main Editor Gennaro Postiglione Course of Interior Architecture Faculty of Architettura e SocietĂ Politecnico di Milano www.lablog.org.uk Editor Gabriele Gualdi

00_Island 00_Industry 00_Time square 00_Street station 00_Advertising01 10_Shopperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s paradise 10_Showroom 10_StreetLife 10_NightCity 10_Plaza Hotel

only for pedagogic purpose not for commercial use

10_NightADV 10_TrainStation

20_ADVfaciade01

40_Velasca

70_CNtower

20_Industry

40_ADVstreet

70_Ghirri/Rossi

20_StreetMarket

40_Fuel station

70_Pompidou

20_FlatBuilding

40_ADVBuss

80_Obey

20_TrainStation

50_Own House

80_Washington Dulles

20_Radio School

50_Las Vegas

80_ParcParis

50_TV

80_Illusion01

50_telephone

80_NederlandDance

50_ShoppingMall

80_HaasHaus

50_Drive in

80_Louvre

50_Waffle House

90_16Bit

50_fuell station 01

90_NatView01

60_Nordic

90_Split01

60_BigFlow

90_youarehere

60_Propaganda

90_Chanel

60_Landmark

90_Amnesty

60_Mall.01

90_Square

60_Illusion

90_CityLife

60_Keith

90_HYBRID

20_All in One 20_ADVfaciade02 20_RadioIndustry 30_ADV street 30_Soviet 30_Theatre 30_KEEPCALM 30_Market 30_KodacShowroom 30_BuildinLandmark 30_FuellStation 30_Directions 30_Hands 40_S.Torg 40_Directions01

70_OlympicStadium

40_FaithADV

70_split

40_Cinema

70_Twin towers

40_ADVstreet

70_NatView

Hybrid Elisabeth Sikiaridi and Frans Vogelaar Hybrid Space Lab, Berlin (Germany)

Paper Space of flows and space of places versus hybrid space today, media networks are influencing and interacting with real places. Information and Communication technology (ICT) is radically changing the way we live, interact and perceive our world. Politics, economics, warfare, culture are increasingly taking place in the spaces of information-communication, media networks. Manuel Castells describes in his book The Rise of the Network Society the immense impact IC� will have on our society. According According to Castellsthe“space of flows”,these spaces of information the “space of flows”, these spaces of information- communication networks transform the “spaceofplaces”,our “space of places”, our physical environments. Castells juxtaposes these “space of flows” of information and of information

and communication, of services and capital (mediaspacesand media spaces and information-communication networks) against the “space of places”, the local urban space. Interesting as it is to consider architectural space and the space of information-communications networks as competing, even mutually exclusive frameworks of social interaction, it will be more fruitful to recognize the emerging interweaving of physical space and informational space and the fusions of analog space and digital networks.The term “Hybrid Space” stands for this combination and fusion of media and physical space. Hybrid space is the product of alliances between physical objects and information-communication networks, between architectural and media space. More interesting than the juxtaposition and polarisation,

than the distinction in media networks and urban places, is the interplay of media and architectural space. The concept of Hybrid Space sees the physical environment in the context of and in correlation with the networks which it belongs to and interacts with. This distinguishes the Hybrid Space approach from the methodology which urban sociologist Manuel Castells introduced with his notion of the “space of flows”. Hybrid space We can find fusions of analog and digital space,theso-called“hybrid”networked spaces all around us. Such different environments as the trading floor of the stock exchange or the (dance) club with its disc-jockeys and video-jockeys are both hybrid spaces. Examples of hybrid (combined media and physical) space can be found everywhere in our daily lives. With mobile telephony in urban open spaces private and public space intermingles. Mobile devices with, for example, Augmented Reality applications superimpose media information layers on our physical environments. In monitored environments cameras keep watch over open urban areas. We are increasingly dealing today with these fuzzy mixes of the analog and the digital, as for instance with miniaturized digital communication devices integrated in wearables as watches or safety coats. More examples can be found in our private environments, as our homes become “smart” and our cars become networked spaces with, amongst others, Global Positioning System GPS navigation. “Intelligent” home devices such as refrigerators networked via your personal port-

able information-communication system will in the near future tell you that you haven’t any milk left and, if you don’t want to teleshop, your car will guide you to the next shop where you can buy milk. Networked wall-paper, carpets and doors, as integral elements of the system of the “smart” house, will recognize the owner of the house and process the patterns of his habits. “Intelligent”, networked materials and objects will be everywhere. Physical space and objects should not be looked at in isolation. Instead, they should be considered in the context of and in relation to the networked systems to which they belong. We therefore focus on the hybrid ambivalent spaces, analogue and digital, virtual and material, local and global, tactile and abstract, in which we live and interact.

for a broad range of creative professions, paving the way for a series of hybrid professional fields. Today, you have hybrid cars, hybrid businesses, hybrid securities, hybrid plastics, hybrid plants, hybrid pigs. The clear-cut antinomy and the excluding logics of Castells’ “space of flows” versus “space of places” does not correspond to the crossbreed character of the hybrid space all around us – in all its variations of combined physical space and media networks. While Castells’ “space of flows” would be placeless – thus continuous – the hybrid space approach considers our environment in its discontinuities, its fluctuating connectivity to a multiplicity of media networks, in its changing densities of layered communication spaces.

Hybrid as a paradigm

Today’s hybrid urban realities retuire a more differentiated approach that considers their density and stratification changes. In this context traditional spatial categories, such as private space versus public space are dissolving. today one can observe an inversion of privacy as public and private environments are becoming intermingled in the fusion of media and “real” space. We see this in the hybrid spaces of the publicly broadcast (inverted) privacies of reality TV or the “Big Brothers” and in the explosion of social media, in the media presence of war intruding our living rooms and in the islands of private(communication) space private (communication) space of mobile telephony within public urban space. In his phenomenological analysis of lived space, La poétique de l’espace, the French philosopher Gaston Ba-

Considering these combined media and physical spaces in their layering and stratifications, in their changing densities and discontinuities leads to a spatial concept with a high level of hybridity reflecting a cultural shift away from a mindset based on clear – cut categories towards a flexible approach based on intermixtures and interconnections. “Hybrid” is an ancient Greek word. In the times of the Aristotelian categories, the notion of the “hybrid”, the crossbreed, had a negative connotation. Today the notion of the “hybrid” is everywhere. Hybridization is becoming an increasinglycultural field. Look at the attention paid to world literature. The new production and communication tool of the networked computer provides a common working instrument

Inversions of privacy

chelard develops a “dialectics of inside and outside”, contrasting the intimate felicitous space, the comforting private enclosure, with the space of the “outside”. According to Bachelard, “[the house] is an instrument with which to confront the cosmos.” Architecture provides, in a dynamic interplay between an active mind and its surrounding space, such structures for organizing our experiences and fantasies, helping us construct (us in) our world.The notion of “privy chamber”, emerging in English literature of the 17th century, describes not only the new private physical spaces as the introduction of the corridor layout in the English interiors of the 17th century but it enabled the development of the “private quarters”. “Privy chamber” is used also metaphorically for the “soul”. “Privy chamber” is the container of (private) identity. As john Lucaks writes “Domesticity, privacy, comfort, the concept of the home and of the family (…) are, literally, principal achievements of the Bourgeois Age.” Within the traditional –bourgeois– concept of privacy,identity is concept of privacy, identity is based on private individuality. Today’s changes concerning privacy are influencing the way we form our identity. The formally exclusive and contrasting concepts of “inside versus outside”, of private versus public space, are intermingling and blurring. This has implications on today’s constructions of subjectivity and identity concepts. Identity and density In the last year of the 20th century, “Big Brother” (with its networked container), the notorious “reality-soap” was first

launched in Holland and was cloned and copied all over the planet. What in the meantime, with the proliferation of Reality TV is an everyday reality, was then new and shocking and was discussed all over the media, from the popular talk shows to the scholarly journals (“Is this the End of Our Civilization?”). What shocked was the broadcasting (the inverting) of privacy. What shocked was that the participants of the soap defined their identity not in the “privy chamber” but in the public networked character of the broadcasting-container. The ENDEMOL soap was an interactive environment (the television public had democratic rights, influencing developments). The captives in the container�networks witnessed their existence in the “Real Virtuality” of their media presence. They witnessed their identity within the densities of the (communication) channels. In the same year, 1999, a big campaign was launched in Holland: on most billboards in major or minor cities, men and women, youngsters and the elderly –the average Dutch person were declaring “ik ben Ben”. This was not the mass epression of an identity crisis, but an advertising campaign for the introduction of the new GSM company called “Ben”, targeting the public at large. The advertising slogan was based on a simple play on words, “ben” meaning in Dutch “I am” and “Ben” being a common male name as well as the name of the mobile phone company. But what makes this slogan such an interesting expression of our times is its definition of identity (I am: Ik ben) as connectivity (“Ben” being thenetwork provider), the identity of the urbanite being defined as the density of the (superimposed medial”real”) communication spaces.

Idensity Within these new hybrid cityscapes traditional categories for analyzing space are becoming obsolete. A new field combining architecture and design with information-communication networks and media spaces is emerging that re�uires new tools and new research categories. Culture), to help us understand this fusion, this superimposition and the interaction of media and “real” physical spaces, in 1999 we introduced within the framework of our survey The Use of Space in the Information/Communication Age – Processing the Unplannable of the Think bank of the Dutch government Infodrome, 1999-2002 a new term: “Idensity” does not differentiate between information communication networks and architectural environments and offers an integrated model for dealing with hybrid space today.It is a composite term, combining the word “density” of real (urban) and “virtual” (media) communication spaces (density of connections) and the word “identity.” “Idensity” integrates the concept of “density” (density of connections, of physical and digital infrastructure, of communication spaces) with the concept of “identity” (image policies, brands). “Idensity” addresses therefore the logics of today’s expanding economy of attention. But it is not a mere summation of the concepts of “density” and “identity.” It is a fusion, as it inverts “identity,” linking it to communication, “identity” being defined by connectivity. Therefore, it does not just address the “clear-cut identity, the particularity, the individuality of the traditional places or sites” but also the layered idensities of the “non-lieux” –“non-places” of today’s generic cities, which are to be found es-

pecially in the realms of mobility and consumption (airports, hotels, shopping malls, motorway rest areas, etc.). It does not refer only to object-qualities but describes a field of superimposed (communication) spaces: the branded space of the chain-shop, the symbolic space of the traditional building the shop is located in, the media space of mobile augmented reality applications integrating teleshopping… Idensity is a conceptual tool for researching and developing space today.

ATLAS

We can clearly feel in this photo the steps that little by little took the city to another dimension. Densitiy and the stratification changed and the difference between private and pubblic spaces are dissolving.

In the early â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;900 after the industrial revolution, media and advertising start to influence the everyday life. The buildings started to change morphology because little bi little the wall charts begun to cover all the main elevations in the crucial spot in the city. All these elements helped to create a new form of space that surely can be defined hybrid.

Harburs have always been places of big flows and exchange. They can be seen also as places where develops starts and communication spaces.

The radio probably was the fist objet that brought the network in the home everyday life. People used to spend the evening in the living room listen at some radio shows or storytelling. That surelly creates a particular ambient in which network is mixed with the interaction of peoples.

The industrial revolution brings many innovation to the new century. Tecnology improved and things that werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t possible in the past in that period become possible. In the photo we can observe the manhttan bridge while its building process. New connections are about to be create both phisically and virtually.

A big part of the city, an island made to happyness and fun. A non-place where a distort reality is creating by mixing a strong media component to a powerful envirorment.

Industrial revolution at the end of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;800 brings the whole world in a new dimension. the principles of design were born, the object can be product in large scale with less costs. This makes that more people can afford things that before wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t, making some media objects became really part of everyone day life.

Time square is one of the most famous place in the world thanks to his hybrid character. we can really feel that the power of this environment “is the product of alliances between physical objects and information-communication networks, between architectural and media space.” This is not a completely now process, it started gradually in the first years of ‘900.

This is the Broad street station of. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s immediatly recognizable the powerful connection that it communicates. Full of flows and interactions, and its impressiveness is a landmark in the city

Even in the fist part of the century, we can find a strong media presence in city everyday life. Big advertising posters are hanged on most of the buildings faciade. It seems to wacth a nowadays metropoly.

During the first years of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;900 after the industrial revolution cityes start to change their morphology and main streets are covered of advertising of the local business.

This photo is about a showroom in Detroit during the 1915. We can clearly see the will to create a space of being from a space of flows as a showroom is supposed to be. The atmosphere is really domestic,

This pic shows a night life in one of the main city street. Advertisign and media elements are creating a perfect real virtuality situation.

This photo of the early â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;10 shows clearly a born of a new kind of city, were different spaces of flows interact each other and create a new vision of every day reality.

New architectures, strong with a powerful impact on the allround envirorment, can easy change the connotations and caracteristics of the whole city.

This pic shows a night life in one of the main city street. Advertisign and media elements are creating a perfect real virtuality situation.

This is the Grand Central Station of NewYork. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s immediatly recognizable the powerful connection that it communicates. A constant flow of flows and interactions.

Here we can see of the biggest market in NY. A place that change itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nature by the presence of people and their interacion. Probably the ascendant of the nowadays shapping malls.

In this case we can see the always growing presenge of the advertising (media) in everyday life. It seems that architecture is made by the big signage, almost just to support it and not the opposite.

Local business advertising is a large madia influence compared to the local reality of a singol space.

Architectures, strong with a powerful impact on the allround envirorment, can easy change the connotations and caracteristics of the whole city and testify the growing power of the society and tecnology development.

Some times architecture was used to testify the power and the identity of an economy system. This

crysler

buildin

was

built

af-

firm the supremacy, infact the symbolic design lines of

che company were

taken up to the top of the building.

in this photo we can feel the contrast between a place that is ment to be crowded and full of connection ad flows but is empty, and the central perspective that gives the sense of the fast movement and the speed.

The radio probably was the fist objet that brought the network in the home everyday life. This building is the radio school in washington D.C.

This is a good example of how a place can be everything. in the same building infact we find a beer company, auto/motorbike seller, a resturant and a post office.

Theatres were one of the firsts networked spaces in the 900. Architecture mixed with shows and concerts creating a uniquehybrid space. In this specific theatre, the Princess theatre in Boston, also advertisign become crucial. The signage covers most of the faciade not only with the name of the business but also with some prices and shows programmation.

Fabrics are really good examples of hybrid spaces. Even if the industrial revolution brings the tecnolgy to maximise the production, the human component in those places was really important. We can say that this spaces get their identity more from the action of the people inside that from the architectural space.

During the world wars each country involved in the dispute was caratterized by different massive political campains. In soviet Russia also architecture was used to trasmit the message of power of the nation. This is the case in partucular of the soviet palace which even though it was never built, it should have had controlled the whole city not only for the political function but also for the physical one. the statue impends the city and seems to control it as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;big brotherâ&#x20AC;?

Theatres were one of the firsts networked spaces in the 900. Architecture mixed with shows and concerts creating a uniquehybrid space. They had also an important social fuction. People met each other creating new interacions and connections

â&#x20AC;&#x153;keep calm and carry onâ&#x20AC;? was a poster produced by the british government during the II world war. The slogan was really simple but encouraging for the citizen. So many copys where printed that also after the end of the war it become a symbol of the period and the government.

Local business advertising is a large madia influence compared to the local reality of a singol space.

This place ports whose

is the kodac showroom, a where media hardware supwere selled to the professionist enlarge this culture of network.

New architectures, strong with a powerful impact on the allround envirorment, can easy change the connotations and caracteristics of the whole city.

Gas stations were quite the first place to become hybrid spaces . In those we can fully find the space of flows which interacts with the network. In the early ‘30 “network” can be seen as the printed advertising.

New connections are essentials in this period of grown. Trade and business become more imprtant cause of the different scale in which is done. That became possible thanks to the new tecnolgy development and the new way of transportation.

In this collage the the identity of the singol person is opposed to the collectivity. The pubblic and private envirorments are becoming intermingled in the fusion of â&#x20AC;&#x153;realâ&#x20AC;? and media spaces.

This square was made by dig it in the groud. it was a way to emphasize the importace of this site. The spaces of flows (the streets and the square were people can walk) are crossing each other and mixed with the shopping (network) areas.

the birth of a society which needs to advertise everything, pruduct, business even faith.Media and network more and more is taking part in everyday life.

Cinemas as well as theatres were some of the firsts networked spaces in the 900. Architecture mixed with shows and concerts creating a uniquehybrid space. They had also an important social fuction. People met each other creating new interacions and new connections.

The develop after the II wold war was so strong that it seems like there was a money race. A massive action of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the most presence â&#x20AC;&#x153; as possible, as it was a political campaign.

New architectures, strong with a powerful impact on the allround envirorment, can easy change the connotations and caracteristics of the whole city.

During the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;40s we can find a strong media presence in city everyday life due to the economic develop. Big advertising posters are hanged on most of the buildings faciade and sometimes also interactives.

Gas stations were quite the first place to become hybrid spaces . In those we can fully find the space of flows which interacts with the big presence of network and advertising . All these elements creates a specific identity for those places.

Network is strictly connected to the big flows spaces. It deals for sure with places and big flows, since the aoudience is the recipient of it.

Creating an hybrid space can also be done by interaction of different element. in this case Arne Korsmo design the living room of his own house in a way in which, using the curtains he create a feeling of being â&#x20AC;&#x153;virtuallyâ&#x20AC;? in a square so the attention is concentrated of what is going on inside it, without using them, the people inside that room feel totally in relation with nature sorrounding the house.

Las Vegas was always a simbol of Networked space. A big part city made to happyness and fun. A non-place where a distort reality is creating by mixing a strong media component to a powerful envirorment.

During the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;50s TV started to enter in everyone day life. This is crucial moment in the century, tv little by little became the most important network way of comunication to the masses. News programms, talks shows

When we think of the most important way of comunication always come in mind the telephone. It fastly spread also in all city as the pubblic telephone boxes that, since they had a mass use, became a target of advertising. So different networked field that works together.

Here we can see a market. A place that change itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nature by the presence of people and their interacion. Probably the ascendant of the nowadays shapping malls.

During the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;50 in the States was invented the drive in , and it fast became a very popoular place. The success consists in createing a new space where two different and opposite worlds are mixed very strongly, the car driving and the cinema.

During the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;50s bar and restourant were a must of everyday life. People meet each others, creates new connections. Architecture followed this trend little by little create a unique style that caratterize those places in that period.

In early 1950s, when full service was the rule. As in the past fuell stations where place where big flows interact with network. in this period this phenomenal was ampliphied by the economic development.

In this pavillion we can identify a big interaction between nature and uman space planning. The last structural beam points directly to a tree. What makes this interaction so strong is that the tree is not touched and it wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t taken away. The beam in fact spit in half immediatly before touching the tree, and creates something like a artificial protection. Building is not becoming something that not destroyes nature places in order to cohabiting.

Also manifestation and strike , somehow are a big interaction with media (ideas/comunication) and city itself.

Media is also campain and physical interact with audience. A clear exaple is the political campain that strictly deals with mass comunication and city scenary

In this image architecture is seen as a landmark for the city. There is a big connection between city and the house it self. Even dough the physical distance the lack of privacy and opaque the architect creates an inversion of privacy.

The mall, a place that change itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nature by the presence of people and their interacion. That probably is of of the biggest connection to our nowadays society. Big architecture which contain a space of massive media and massive consumism.

When point of view, prospective which are virtual element, are wisely mixed with strictly real things or actons, the result is always something that catch attension and impress.

pop art and street art have always dealed with adverisign, network and media in the everyday life. The artist often use the same method used by the media of wall charts, massive advertsing to criticize the society. in this case K.Haring is painting a poster using an advertisign space in New York metro station.

The deep meaning of the ancient arenas during the centuryes creates a network of people that meets each other interacts in new connection.

This is the symbol of the development of power of the network in Berlin. It fastly became also a icon of the entire city due to its height and importance, since itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a tv and radio broadcasting system.

we feel the illusion of being in a virtual world just because one faciade of this house was replaced with full height windows. In a old house where the conditions of the structure and the style is not so modern, the full glass faciade let the viewer think to be in front of a section like in a project drawing.

New architectures, strong with a powerful impact on the allround envirorment, can easy change the connotations and caracteristics of the whole city. They can become also the symbol of an entire nation or state.

Somtimes space can be create by mixing few element. In this case a “floor” and a “column” (tree) mixed with a suggesting view it’s enough to create a totally virtual space.

the CN tower is the symbol of Toronto.It fastly became also a icon of the entire city due to its height and importance, since itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a tv and radio broadcasting system. It testify the more and more presence and influence in our day life.

Architecture and space planning has always dealt with nature and envirorment. In this shoot Luigi Ghirri gave us a nice view of an Aldo Rossi project, a building that slowly becomes part of the nature as a living element not as a stranger.

The structure and the forme are mixend in one paradigm of pure connection. The hi-tech structure brings this building to a different period of time and ephatize the networked space that it contains.

Street art often plays with the interaction of everyday life and networked way of comunication. This artist use to create â&#x20AC;&#x153;manifestosâ&#x20AC;? which can really seen as a real propaganda. In this way he gives a message creating a fake but fair vision of the hurban places

Airports are the spaces where lots of flows mixes and shorten the distance among different people coming from different networks. This helped the development of the interacion at global scale.

This is a masterplan of a quarter of Paris. The project involved the design and construction of over 25 buildings, promenades, covered walkways, bridges, and landscaped gardens in orther to crate connections and a new identity for the space.

This piece of art creates a strong friction between reality and its artificial reproduction. Point of view and lack or reference can create the illusion of a real situation from an artificial one.

this is a good examples of hybrid space. The material used for the faciade, mirrors the surrounding landscape creating a connection with it, interpreted from the expression material itself.

The building seems to disgragate from one side to the other. Virtually we start from the past to the future. The used tecology mirrors the surrounding landscape creating a pure connection with it.

This architectural inrtervent of the Louvre square changed totally the identity of the place it self. New materials and tecnics brings to the envirorment a powerful mixture of 2 different world.

digital Vs reality. this is the challeng of this piece of art. By creating with plastic and paper a 16Bit version of flowing water from a tube in the street he create an hybrid place where reality mix up with network. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a nice contrapposition of element that refers to a totally different world: the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;80 graphics.

Hybrid spaces are also a friction between elements that have different caracteristics. Homes are from the biginning of time a safe place in which we can ha ve a sort of privacy of living. in this case using a high level of transparency the architect made the nature coming totally inside the house , and deliting the privacy he created something with a pure and strong identity.

we feel the illusion of being in a virtual world just because one faciade of this house was replaced with full height windows. the full glass faciade let the viewer think to be in front of a section like in a project drawing.

This art from Aram Bartholl is a public space installation questioning the red map marker of the location based search engine Google Maps. With a small graphic icon Google marks search results in the map interface. The design of the virtual map pin seems to be derived from a physical map needle. The marker and information speech bubble next to it cast a shadow on the digital map as if they were physical objects. When the map is switched to satellite mode it seems that they become part of the city.

In late 90s building faciade often use new tecnology to be interactive with the outside world. in this case the logotype of the brand is fondamental part of the building it self, the architecture seems to be a screen.

Amnesty International’s primary mission is to campaign against the worldwide abuse of human rights. “not here but now” was designed to raise awareness among people in switzerland with real examples of the worldwide human right abuse directly brought to people eyes. But what makes this campaign so strong and powerful is the way in which they meticulously merged with the surroundings enviroments, that’s pulling away the veil of distance and create an hybrid space in which we are in direct contact with the facts.

Architecture often is a symbol of monumentality. Squarescan caratterize places and entire cityes usign the power the have.

Big cityes with enourmus quontities of connectioen and interaction, an inversion of privacy and a strong intentity make clearly the contemporary metropoly an hybrid space.

That a collage i made to explain what hybrid to me is. We can clearly see an ambient made of a mixture between nature and architecture. Roof is bring back to the origin meaning of a cover layer (tree) and floor to a natural support (ground).Above everything we have a figure of an assometric cube. The 2 face of it, upper and lower are mixing together creating a nother perfect image. I made it as a symbol of architecture and nature, two perfect worlds that can mach together creating something perfecttoo.

REFERENCES

10_NightCity. Detroit, Michigan, circa

20_ADVfaciade02

1910. “Campus Martius at night.” A nocturnal view of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument.

20_RadioIndustry The Atwater Kent radio

10_Plaza Hotel. New York circa 1912. “Plaza Hotel, Fifth Avenue.

00_ New York, 1908. Hudson Terminal

Buildings at 30-50 Church Street showing cemetery and construction of elevated railway. Irving Underhill photo.

10_NightADV. Atlantic City, New Jersey,

00_Street markets

10_TrainStation. New York’s Grand Cen-

00_Along the Mississippi circa 1906. “Oyster luggers at New Orleans.”

00_Radio 00_New York, July 15, 1908. “Temporary footpath, Manhattan Bridge.”

circa 1910. “The Boardwalk at night

tral Station nearing completion sometime around 1913. 8x10 glass negative, George Grantham Bain Collection.

10_Market. Interior retail stalls at Washington Market in New York City in 1917. New York Word-Telegram & Sun Newspaper Collection

00_Coney Island, New York, circa 1905. “Dreamland at night.”

20_ADVfaciade01.La Primadora cigar

00_Industry

shop at 1153 Broadway in New York circa 1920. The owner, civic leader and entrepreneur Max Schwarz, died in 1940.

00_Time square 00_Station. Philadelphia circa 1900. “Broad Street Station of the Pennsylvania R.R.” 8x10 inch dry plate glass negative, Detroit Publishing Company 00_Advertising01. New York circa 1903.

“Detroit Photographic Co., 229 Fifth Avenue.” Another of Detroit Photo’s Manhattan stores

10_Shopper’s paradise. Detroit, Michigan, circa 1910. “Woodward Avenue.” A shopper’s paradise. 10_Showroom. Circa 1915. “E.M. Bigsby Co. showrooms, restroom, third floor.” Another of the depopulated interiors that seem to have been a Detroit Publishing specialty. 10_StreetLife. Charleston, South Carolina, circa 1910. “King Street lights at night

20_Industry.Fredericksburg, Virginia, circa 1928. “Willis and Crismond, dealers in fertilizers. Merchants’ Stores and Offices, Brick Row, Commerce and Prince Edward Streets.”

factory in Philadelphia in 1928 or 1929.

40_Velasca Photo by Irene Kung, Switzer-

30_ADV street. Houses in Atlanta. March

land, 1958

1936

30_Soviet Palace, Moscov, 1934. Architects: B. Iofan, O. Gelfreikh, V. Schuko. Sculpture S. Merkulov 30_Theatre 30_KEEPCALM 30_Market.Savannah, Georgia, circa 1939. “Yamacraw Market, Fahm Street. Rowhouse structure built about 1850. Torn down 1940 for Yamacraw Village Housing Projects.” 30_ 30_BuildinLandmark. New York. December 5, 1933. “Rockefeller Center and RCA Building from 515 Madison Avenue.” 30_FuellStation. Crossroads store at Sprott, Alabama. 1935 or 1936. Photograph by Walker Evans. 30_Directions. 1937. Signpost in the aptly named Tennessee town of Crossville. Photograph by Ben Shahn.

20_StreetMarket

30_Hands

20_FlatBuilding

40_S.Torg. Sergel Torg Stockholm 1957

20_TrainStation 20_Radio School. Washington, D.C., 1920. “National Radio School, Pennsylvania

20_All in One. Washington, D.C., circa 1920. “Munger Motor & Mfg. Co., front.” On the minus side of the ledger,

40_ADVstreet. October 1940. A street scene in Camden, New Jersey.

40_Directions01.U.S. 99 in Josephine County, Oregon. August 1940. Sign in service station window advertising for hop pickers three weeks before opening season.

40_ADVstreet. February 1943. “New York. Camel cigarette advertisement at Times Square.” Photograph by John Vachon for the Office of War Information 40_Fuel station. June 1940. Melrose, Louisiana. “A crossroads store, bar, ‘juke joint’ and gas station in the cotton plantation area.” 40_ADVBusses. September 1943. “Greyhound bus station in Indianapolis.” 50_Own House. Arne Korsmo 1955 50_Las Vegas. Las Vegas ‘50s 50_TV 50_telephone 50_ShoppingMall. October 1940. A street scene in Camden, New Jersey. 50_Drive in 50_Waffle House. Entrance to the Waffle Shop at 522 10th Street NW, Washington D.C. Circa 1950 photograph by Theodor Horydczak. 50_fuell station 01. Onalaska, Wisconsin, early 1950s,

40_FaithADV

60_Nordic. Sverre Fehn padiglione dei paesi scandinavi biennale Venezia 1962

40_Cinema. February 1940. Shoveling snow away from the movie entrance in Chillicothe, Ohio.

60_BigFlow San Francisco, 1966. International Days of Protest march on Market St. between Powell & Mason.

60_Propaganda. San Francisco, March

80_Illusion01

17, 1965. California Governor Edmund G. “Pat” Brown, Sr., father of Jerry, in the St. Patrick’s Day parade

80_ Netherlands Dance Theater, Netherlands, The Hague, 1987

60_Landmark. May 9, 1960. A landmark

80_HaasHaus. hans hollein 1989

image in the history of modern architecture: Julius Shulman’s nighttime shot of Ann Lightbody and Cynthia Murfee in Case Study House No. 22, the Stahl residence in the Hollywood Hills, overlooking Sunset Boulevard. Architect: Pierre Koenig.

80_Louvre 1989 90_16Bit unknown 90_NatView01. Juvet Landscapes hotel Jensen & Skodvin Architect

60_Mall.01. March 7, 1966. “Cleveland Arcade, 401 Euclid Avenue. Interior looking south.” 60_Illusion 1965 surce Ffffound.com 60_Keith. Metro Station Graffiti New York Keith Haring 1979 70_Olympic Stadium 1976

Norway

90_Split01 90_youarehere. MAP Aram Bartholl Taipei 90_Chanel. Chanel Tower Peter Marino Tokio 90_Amnesty. ”not here but now” campaign amnesty international Europe

70_BerlinAntenna 1970

90_Square Opera House Tarald Lundevall for Snøhetta 1999-2007

70_split. 1975 Uknown. Surce Ffffound.com

90_CityLife

70_Twin towers. NY 1973-2001

90_HYBRID

70_NatView 70_CNtower Toronto 1976 Surce wikipedia 70_Ghirri/Rossi Photography. Ghirri 1970 70_Pompidou. Renzo Piano 1977 80_Obey 1982. Artist Obey. obey.com 80_Washington Dulles 1984 washing-

tonDC 80_ParcParis. Parc de la Villette Paris, 1982-1998