CNG e442 Catalog

COINS OF THE VALERIANIC DYNASTY (AD 253-268) AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES An academic collection formed by N. M. McQ. Holmes

Presented in

CNG Electronic Auction 442 An Internet Sale Closing

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

COINS OF THE VALERIANIC DYNASTY (AD 253-268) AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES An academic collection formed by N. M. McQ. Holmes

Presented in

CNG Electronic Auction 442 An Internet Sale Closing

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

CNG Classical Numismatic Group, LLC

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Grading Conditions English

Proof

Mint State/Uncirculated

Extremely Fine (EF)

Very Fine (VF)

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Deutsch

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Common Abbreviations

AD Anno Domini BE Bithynio-Pontic Era IY Indictional Year Æ Bronze BI Billon MBS Mail Bid Sale AE Actian Era CE Common Era mm Mintmark AH Anno Hegirae Cf. Confer (compare) PB Lead AR Silver c/m Countermark p.

Page AV Gold CY Civic Year (Era) pl.

Plate

BBS Buy or Bid Sale EL Electrum RPE Roman Provincial Era BC Before Christ FPL Fixed Price List RY Regnal Year BCE Before the Common Era g Gram SE Seleukid Era

See Bibliography on our website, www.cngcoins.com, for a complete list of reference abbreviations.

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All lots in this auction were in the possession of CNG in CNG’s Lancaster, Pennsylvania office no later than 28 February 2019. This information is provided for the protection of buyers in the event that US import restrictions are introduced subsequent to that date on any of the types of coins and antiquities that are included in this auction.

Notice Regarding “Slabs”

Coins that have been encapsulated (“slabbed”) by a grading and/or authentication service may not be returned for any reason, including authenticity, if they have been removed from the encapsulation (“slab”).

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either US dollars ($) drawn on a US bank or British sterling (£) drawn on a British bank. All successful bidders outside North America and the United Kingdom will be charged an additional $20 fee for bank charges that are the result of international wire transfer fees; this fee will be deducted for credit card or check payment as described above.

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Please note that our hours will be limited during the holiday season.

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Meet the Team

Mike Gasvoda

Victor England

Eric McFadden

Dave Michaels

Steve Pruzinsky

Bradley R. Nelson

David Guest

Paul Hill

Ken McDevitt

D. Scott VanHorn

Bill Dalzell

Kerry Wetterstrom

Managing Director Lancaster Office

Chief Financial Officer Lancaster Office

Numismatist Sale Development Lancaster Office

Director Emeritus Lancaster Office

Director Emeritus London Office

Managing Numismatist Cataloging Staff Lancaster Office

Managing Numismatist London Office

Numismatist Lancaster Office

Numismatist Lancaster Office

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Director Shows & Consignments Lancaster Office

Managing Numismatist London Office

Numismatist Lancaster Office

Meet the Team

Julia TrocmĂŠ-Latter

Caroline Holmes

Jeffrey B. Rill

Travis Markel

Jessica Garloff

Karen Zander

Alexandra Sprya

Tina Jordan

Numismatist London Office

Photographer and Graphic Designer Lancaster Office

Numismatist London Office

Numismatist Lancaster Office

Office Manager Lancaster Office

Office Manager London Office

Manager IT & Production Lancaster Office

Accounting London Office

Additional Support

Marlene Rice Office Staff Lancaster Office

IT Consultant: A.J. Gatlin Printing Control: Robert A. Trimble Auctioneers: Herbert L. Kreindler (License No. 820339)

Jeffrey B. Rill (License No. 2079118-DCA)

Julia Motter

Office Staff Lancaster Office

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ORDER OF SALE Part 1: Coins of the Valerianic Dynasty

Rome mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–274

Viminacium mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275–299 Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300–316 Mediolanum (Milan) mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317–456 Siscia mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457–482 Cyzicus mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483–490 Antioch mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491–515 Samosata mint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516–522 Uncertain mints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523–524 Trial Strikings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525–530 Ancient Forgeries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531–536 Part 2: Macrianus and Quietus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537–559 Part 3: Postumus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560–629 Part 4: Provincial Coinage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630–872 Part 5: Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873–874

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INTRODUCTION It may be worth explaining why this collection has concentrated on a series of coins which has been, at least until quite recently, deeply unfashionable. It would be difficult to argue for the artistic merits of mid third-century coins, and the technical skills apparent in both die-engraving and striking are frequently low. The formation of this collection has passed through a number of successive phases, in fact, with different motivations in each case.

When I first started to collect Roman coins, as a university student in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the main attraction of coins of emperors such as Gallienus and Claudius II was that many of them could be obtained without large financial outlay.

Common types could be purchased for just a pound or two each. Once in paid employment I was able to expand the range of my collecting to some extent, but I very soon discovered that many of my colleagues in the archaeology and museum professions were deeply opposed to the idea of those employed in this type of work forming private collections at all – an attitude which unfortunately still persists in some quarters today. I disagree with this fundamentally, as I believe that those who are fortunate enough to be able to accumulate numismatic knowledge in the course of their employment are best placed to carry out research on, and publish discussion of, interesting items which appear on the open market. I do, however, accept that it is at the very least unwise to collect in the same field as an institution where one is employed, as aspersions can be cast, however unjustly, and these may harm one’s reputation. It was fortunate for me, therefore, that neither of the institutions which employed me throughout my career had any interest in acquiring mid third-century Roman coins.

Consequently I felt able, with a clear conscience, to enlarge my collection relating to this period of history, and for a time my aim, like that of many other collectors, was simply to acquire as many different types from within my chosen date range as possible, which I narrowed down to AD 253-268. It rapidly became clear that the coinage of Gallienus, in particular, was amongst the most innovative of all Roman imperial issues. As time passed, and particularly when I obtained employment as an academic numismatist, I decided that my acquisition policy should be geared to more than just accumulation, but should be formulated in order to provide some sort of service to numismatists, both professional and amateur. The result is this collection now being published and offered for sale.

I hope that this catalogue will serve dual purposes. Quite a number of the coins and medallions included have not been published in any reference works (apart from the auction catalogues through which they were variously put on the market). I hope, therefore, that the catalogue will serve as a useful ‘appendix’ to such reference works, in particular to MIR 36/43/44 – the most recent comprehensive survey of coins of this period. In addition, it occurred to me that many collectors who do not have access to academic reference libraries may not be able to carry out adequate research on coins which they may acquire, and for this reason I have put together the introductory paper on the iconography of the coinage of the Valerianic dynasty as well as appending notes to many of the catalogue entries for individual items. I hope that others may find these of interest and of benefit.

Coins in this collection range from the unique to the very common, but those in the latter category which I have retained to the end are there because they serve to illustrate aspects of the iconography study.

Over the years a number of people within the coin trade have assisted me by seeking out interesting items and offering them for me to purchase, and/or bidding on my behalf at auctions, and I should like to put on record my thanks to: David Miller; Paul-Francis Jacquier; Thomas Curtis and Paul Hill at A.H. Baldwin and Sons Ltd.; and Gavin Manton of Manton Associates and Lennox Gallery. Finally, I am extremely grateful to Classical Numismatic Group for agreeing to publish the iconography paper with this catalogue, and for allowing me to create my own catalogue entries and notes.

N. M. McQ. Holmes November 2018

EDITOR’S NOTE: CNG is pleased to present the N. M. McQ. Holmes Collection, one of the most, if not the most, comprehensive private collections of the coinage of the reigns of Valerian I and Gallienus. For this specialized academic collection, we have deferred to the collector to present the coins, so readers may note that some cataloging details will differ from the way CNG presents this coinage in its catalogs. Regarding rarity, the collector has relied upon the inventories noted in MIR (Göbl), but the reader should understand that these inventories are based on a division of the coinage that are more detailed than the more general categories used in most studies. Thus, while MIR may only cite 1 or 2 coins known for a particular entry, the collector may also reference hoards (that Göbl consulted) that cite a higher quantity--a quantity that was based on a more general categorization of the coinage that did not consider subdivisons that Göbl used, such as the form of the wreath ties on the coins. Although the inventories cited by MIR are nearly 20 years old, the amount of collections, public and private, and hoards that were consulted was so substantial that the rarity should be relatively consistent today.

In any event, this collection is certainly the most important of these reigns offered at auction in recent memory, especially the substantial selection of legionary coinage struck under Gallienus. Future numismatists of this period will surely consult this collection, as did Professor Göbl, who consulted it for his seminal volume on these reigns in the MIR series.

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The Iconography of the Coinage of the Valerianic Dynasty

As anyone interested in Roman imperial coinage quickly learns, every single detail of a coin’s design or inscription is there to glorify the reigning emperor in some way or other. In fact, the entire imperial coinage can be seen as one enormous panegyric. That much is true of the coins of every emperor, but in order to understand the particular significance of the inscriptions and designs which appear on the issues of AD 253-268, it is necessary to have some understanding of the events of the period and the problems which faced the imperial family. Those wishing to learn about these in detail are directed to the various publications listed in the Bibliography, but for the purposes of the following, necessarily fairly short, discussion of the iconography it may suffice to bear in mind just a few major considerations.

When Valerian I acceded to the imperial throne in AD 253, he almost immediately appointed his son, Gallienus, as co-emperor.

Gallienus and his wife, Salonina, at that time had two young sons, Valerian II and Saloninus, and there was thus an expectation that this would mark the inception of a dynasty of rulers which would guarantee the succession for decades to come. Coins issued during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus frequently made reference, directly or indirectly, to this, and it seems clear that Gallienus, in particular, strove to portray himself as the instigator of a new ‘golden age’ of success and prosperity for Rome and its empire, but events were to dash such hopes in the cruellest of fashions.

Valerian I soon departed to command armies campaigning on the eastern frontier of the empire, leaving Gallienus in charge of the defence of the west, and for a while both were successful, winning military victories over the Parthians / Sasanians in the east and the Germanic tribes in the west. The first of the dynasty’s tragedies occurred in AD 258, when Valerian II, who had been appointed as Caesar (crown prince, in essence) and sent to join the armies on the Danube frontier, died, probably of disease. Saloninus was then raised to this rank in his stead. Just a year or so later came the crushing defeat of the Roman armies in the east by the Sasanian ruler Shapur I and the capture of Valerian I, who was to spend the rest of his life in abject humiliation. This was arguably the greatest disaster ever to befall the Roman empire, but worse was to follow for the imperial family. In the west the general Postumus led a successful rebellion. Saloninus, raised to the rank of Augustus while besieged in Cologne, was captured and put to death by Postumus shortly afterwards. Postumus then established what has become known as the Gallic Empire, covering the provinces of Gaul, Spain and Britain .

Gallienus was thus left alone to carry the entire burden of defending the frontiers of the empire while facing the constant threat of internal rebellions against his rule. This he achieved with remarkable success for eight years, until he was murdered by some of his own officers in the summer of AD 268. Not surprisingly, dynastic references vanish from the coinage of his sole reign (AD 260-68), and all the inscriptions and designs which were utilised must be assessed in the light of the situation in which the emperor found himself. It may be difficult for us in the 21st century to imagine just how much the fortunes of the entire Roman world were seen as embodied in one man. Emperors could claim personal credit for all successes, but equally they could be held personally responsible for failures and disasters. For Gallienus, his position and his very life depended on his ability to convince powerful factions, and in particular the army, that he was the right man to be both supreme military commander and sole governor of the empire.

There may be little from this period to attract the attention of those primarily interested in the artistic aspects of coinage, since there had clearly been a significant decline in the levels of skill manifested in the production of Roman coins since the ‘golden age’ of the second century AD, but the coinage of the 250s and 260s AD issued in the name of Valerian I and his family displays numerous innovations in both portraiture and reverse design. Many of these were to be taken up and developed, first by Postumus on his Gallic Empire issues and subsequently by successor emperors of the later third century. During the 260s AD it is possible to speak of what, in modern terms, would be described as a propaganda war between Gallienus and Postumus through the medium of the coinage.

Portraiture

One of the most basic functions of coins in a society without mass media was undoubtedly to convey the identity and appearance of its rulers throughout the area over which they held sway. For the first two and a half centuries of the Roman Empire, its rulers were depicted on coins in a standardised fashion which may be summed up thus: a head or shoulder-length bust, usually facing to the right, but occasionally to the left, and either bare-headed or wearing a laurel wreath or radiate crown. The shoulders could be shown unclothed, partially or completely draped and/or wearing armour (cuirassed). More elaborate busts were sometimes depicted on medallions – presumably presentation pieces struck in small numbers for specific occasions – but these were almost never found on coins intended for circulation as currency.

It was during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus (AD 253-60) that these conventions were first broken, and during the sole reign of Gallienus (AD 260-68) the emperor was depicted in a wide variety of bust types, which may be broadly categorised as military, heroic, consular, ‘Sol blessing’ and ‘Hercules’ types. Many of these were copied on the coinage of Postumus, whose portraiture is discussed at the end of this section.

Military busts

I am using this term to denote portraits which show the emperor wearing armour and carrying a spear and shield. On his head he may be wearing a radiate crown, a helmet or both. Such busts first appeared on antoniniani during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus, but only for Gallienus and only at the mint of Cologne and, to a very much smaller extent, those of Viminacium and Milan. It is not difficult to determine why this should have been the case. These mints were established to provide coins to pay the armies of the Rhine and Danube frontiers and the northern borders of Italy respectively, so that large sums did not have to be transported long distances from Rome. Gallienus was the commander-in-chief of these armies of the western part of the empire, while his father was campaigning in the east, and he clearly wished to reinforce his image as a military commander among the soldiers under his leadership.

The mint at Viminacium, on the Danube, was in operation from the very start of the joint reign in AD 253, and may have been used by previous emperors (MIR p. 96). Göbl distinguishes four issues from this mint before it was closed and its operations transferred to Cologne, an event which he dates to the middle of AD 257 (MIR p. 99). Only in issue 3 are coins with a military bust of Gallienus known to have been struck, and these appear to be very rare today. Only one is listed in MIR (840l1, the illustration being erroneously labelled 840p).

This coin formed part of the Clamerey hoard, and lot 291 appears to be the second recorded specimen from the same obverse die. A specimen from a different obverse die was offered in Paul-Francis Jacquier’s Katalog 36 (Summer 2009), no. 512. All are associated with an appropriate reverse type – GERMANICVS MAXIMVS, with trophy of arms. Gallienus is depicted radiate, probably cuirassed, and facing to the right, viewed from the front, holding a shield and with a spear pointing forwards and upwards across his left shoulder. This appears to be the first appearance of a bust with spear and shield on a Roman imperial coin (although occasional examples are known on medallions and provincial coin issues of earlier emperors) and it is thus of considerable significance.

If this apparently very small issue of military bust antoniniani from Viminacium may be seen as the result of a short-lived experiment, the same can not be said of the much more substantial issues of Gallienus from the mint at Cologne in the later 250s AD. These coins first appear in Issue 1d as proposed in MIR, but Göbl considered that 1a to 1e, which share reverse types and are distinguished only by obverse legend and bust type, were all effectively part of the same issue. If this is so, then it is probable that a decision to depict the emperor again with

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spear and shield followed fairly quickly after the transfer of the mint from Viminacium. This time the bust faces to the left, viewed from the front, and the emperor’s right hand is shown holding a spear pointing forwards and downwards over his right shoulder. The point of the spear is not visible, but the butt end usually is. The shield is placed as if carried on the emperor’s left shoulder (see lots 301e, 302b, 302c, 303a, 303d).

Since the shield is the highest part of the design, it is often found worn smooth, but on some well-preserved specimens a gorgoneion (head of Medusa the gorgon) is visible in the middle (e.g. lot 303d). The symbol of the gorgoneion is a reference to the legend of the Greek hero Perseus, who was given a polished shield by the goddess Pallas Athene, to enable him to kill Medusa without having to look directly at her and thus be turned to stone. It was used frequently in classical times as a device to ward off evil.

Cologne mint coins with the military bust are quite common, especially in combination with reverse types alluding to Gallienus’s victories against the Germans. The design on the Cologne coins is much more skilfully executed than that on the Viminacium issues, with a more realistic perspective, and it may not be too fanciful to attribute the decision to change to a left-facing portrait to the opportunity this provided to achieve just that. If the emperor was right-handed, as appears to be the case since he carried the spear in his right hand, then any attempt to portray him in this manner as facing to the right must have caused immense problems to the die-sinkers. His left shoulder, where the shield would need to be placed, would have to be depicted at the far side from the viewer. The attempt to show this on the Viminacium coins resulted in a very awkward compromise, with the shield placed in front of the bust and the spear shaft apparently protruding from the emperor’s neck.

Left-facing military busts also appeared on scarce coins of the first issue at the mint of Milan, which Göbl dates to the second half of AD 258 (MIR p. 100). Both aurei (MIR 921f) and antoniniani (MIR 920m and 921m), with reverse VICTORIA AVGG, display busts very similar in style to those on the Cologne coins.

After the capture of Valerian I by the Sasanian ruler Shapur I (dated in MIR to early AD 260) and the successful revolt of Postumus in the west, leading to the establishment of the Gallic Empire, external threats to the Central Empire and to the position of Gallienus himself reached crisis proportions, and propaganda in the form of coin designs was further developed, especially at the mints in the western part of the empire. It is notable that standard portraiture was maintained throughout the sole reign of Gallienus at the eastern mints of Antioch, Cyzicus (or Smyrna) and Samosata. However, the use of elaborate portraiture became widespread at the western mints of Rome, Milan and Siscia.

Military busts, with spear and shield, were struck at all three of these mints. The convention of depicting all these busts as facing to the left continues. Radiate busts viewed from the front, like those of the joint reign from Cologne, appear at Rome (lots 140, 144, 154, 155, 160). Where absence of wear permits, details of decoration are sometimes visible on both cuirass and shield. On lot 154 the gorgoneion is clearly visible on the shield, and another can be seen on close inspection of the front of the cuirass. On lot 155 the shield is decorated with a large star, but a small gorgoneion can again just be made out on the cuirass.

Rome coins occasionally also display military busts viewed as from the rear (lots 159, 255, 257). The spear is shown pointing upwards, with the butt end of the shaft concealed behind the torso. The last two coins belong to the last (‘animal’) series of the Rome issues, and the busts are fairly crudely depicted, but both show traces of a gorgoneion on the shield.

Some Rome coins show Gallienus wearing a helmet as well as a radiate crown. Again, some of these show the bust from the front, with the spear pointing downwards (lots 145, 152), whilst others show it from the rear, with spear pointing upwards (lot 139).

Occasionally a military bust, either radiate or radiate helmeted is portrayed facing to the right, and these are much more successful than the earlier attempts at Viminacium. Some show both spear and shield partially hidden behind the torso, the shield at an angle to the viewer (e.g. MIR 738m, radiate, and lot 220, radiate helmeted). This avoids the problems of perspective encountered earlier, but presupposes that the emperor would hold both in his left hand, which would certainly not be a natural position. On other antoniniani (e.g. MIR 595h), however, the spear is held in the right hand in the foreground, with the shield again partially behind the torso.

Also under the heading of ‘military busts’ from Rome should be included a few instances of the emperor shown helmeted, but without spear and shield. This seems to occur only on aurei, e.g. MIR 449p or 664p.

The first issue of Gallienus’s sole reign at the mint of Milan also saw the use of military busts to left with spear and shield, both radiate viewed from the front (e.g. MIR 958w or 968z) and radiate helmeted viewed from the rear (e.g. MIR 949u or 955u, or lot 323, with a combination of reverse type and legend unknown to Göbl). For the roughly contemporary ‘legionary’ issue the two types were again used, as were the radiate bust with spear and shield, seen from the rear (e.g. MIR 982i, lot 339) and a new bust type, showing the emperor radiate and cuirassed to the right, holding a downward-pointing spear over his left shoulder, but without shield (e.g MIR 979o, lot 329). All four types continued into the following issue (MIR issue 3), but after this military busts seem to have been abandoned at Milan in favour of other elaborate types, including heroic, consular, ‘Sol blessing’ and ‘Hercules’ types (see below). The only exceptions seem to be a very small number of antoniniani in issue 4, with reverse ORIENS AVG, which bear a right-facing military bust (MIR 1140t), and a single coin (MIR 1163u) with left-facing bust. A related, and apparently otherwise unknown, bust type occurs on one coin of the legionary series (lot 392). The emperor is shown facing to the right, without spear, but with an inscribed shield on his right shoulder.

The mint at Siscia is believed to have been established in late AD 262 or early 263 (MIR p. 118), with mint personnel transferred from Rome, and military busts similar to those found on coins minted at Rome shortly beforehand are not surprisingly found on the earlier issues from Siscia. These include radiate cuirassed busts to left with spear and shield viewed from front (e.g. MIR 1397hh) and from rear (e.g.

MIR 1445z, lot 474c, and lot 473, not known to Göbl). There are also occasional busts with spear and shield facing to right (e.g. MIR1401gg) and busts with helmet to right, but no spear or shield (e.g. MIR 1399ii and 1399ll, and lot 475, not known to Göbl – the latter two radiate helmeted). All these types seem to have fallen out of use after issue 3. Under the heading of military busts at Siscia it is also worth drawing attention to a single obverse die depicting the emperor radiate and cuirassed to right, but with a finely engraved scene on the cuirass showing a horseman, presumably intended to represent Gallienus himself, turning backwards and raising his hand in apparent greeting to a figure standing behind him. This may be interpreted as a ‘profectio’ scene, as sometimes depicted on the reverse of coins issued to mark the departure of an emperor from Rome on a journey to another part of the empire, often on a military campaign. MIR 1395aa2 shows this obverse in combination with a reverse with legend IO CANTAB, but lot 460 has the same obverse die combined with a PAX AVG reverse. This ‘raised arm’ gesture will be discussed below in connection with Gallienus’s apparent affiliation to the god Sol.

Heroic busts

I am using this term to denote busts on which the torso of the emperor is shown without full drapery or armour, but accompanied by various attributes, either military or symbolic. These busts occur mainly at the mint of Milan, but there are a few rare examples from Rome and Siscia

The Rome mint coin listed in MIR as 383d (but for which the illustration is labelled 382d, without S in reverse field) bears a bust nude except for a little drapery on the left (far) shoulder, with a spear shown pointing forwards and upwards from behind the bust. Lot 153 is a definite example of MIR 383d, with an S just visible to the left of the figure of Jupiter on the reverse. These two coins appear to be the only recorded issues from Rome with this bust type. It is possible that both were struck from the same combination of dies, but the illustration in MIR is of too poor a quality for this to be determined.

An exceptional bust type, for which MIR lists three examples (586g) bears a bust nude except for a thin strip of drapery fastened at the right shoulder and with a long caduceus (a staff with snakes coiled round it) carried over the left shoulder. This is a direct copy of the

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bust which features on a number of large medallions (MIR 763b, 765b and 766b), and which was designed to portray Gallienus as Mercurius Novus - the new Mercury, whose usual attribute was the caduceus. These three antoniniani, with reverse FORTVNA REDVX, are the only coins known to bear this bust. (For a short note on the subject of this bust type, see Merten 1989.)

Another example of a bust copied from or on a medallion is lot 225, a coin of a type unknown to Göbl, and apparently otherwise unrecorded, which shows the torso of Gallienus nude except for a full aegis (the fleece of the Amalthean goat). This is otherwise found only on two large medallions (MIR 775l and 775Al), which are themselves based on a small number of second-century predecessors – an exceptional sestertius of Trajan (Bastien 1992, Pl. 44, 4); a bronze medallion of Hadrian (Bastien 1992, l. 54, 8); and two bronze medallions of Commodus (Bastien 1992, Pl. 70, 5 and 6). The reverse of the coin bears the legend VIRTVS AVGVSTI, and belongs to an issue dated by Göbl to AD 2656, but he associates the two medallions with the apotheosis of Gallienus as Zeus Panhellenios in AD 267. For a discussion of the significance of these obverse designs in the specific context of the coinage of the Valerianic dynasty, see the section below entitled The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii.

Göbl records three coins from issue 3 at the mint of Milan bearing a left-facing bust with aegis (MIR 1030u, 1034u and 1044u), but the illustrations are too poor to show this feature clearly. However, the same obverse die as on the latter two coins was also used to strike another coin (lot 324) with an unpublished reverse variant.

A bust type found solely on Milan antoniniani of the later phases (issues 4-7) is radiate left, viewed from the front, wearing aegis, with spear pointing forwards and upwards behind the right shoulder. This appears with many different reverses (MIR 1116cc, 1121cc, 1138cc, 1140cc, 1142cc, 1162cc, 1182l, 1183l, 1190l, 1203l, 1204l, 1206l, 1270p and 1349l), but lot 450, with reverse SALVS AVG, was unknown to Göbl [MIR 1286p]. It is clear that the depiction of Gallienus with this attribute was considered particularly important at Milan.

From the mint of Siscia there are occasional examples of busts without armour but with reversed spear over the shoulder. Lot 471 is an example of MIR 1424n, with bust to left and unclothed except for traces of drapery on the far (right) shoulder. MIR 1476d has this bust in mirror image, facing to the right. So far unique to Siscia is a radiate bust to left, nude except for a balteus (an ornamental sword belt worn by legionaries), with shield and spear pointing forwards and upwards. This may be found only on MIR 1399q (lot 461) and on MIR 1423q. It may have been consciously modelled on a bronze medallion of Septimius Severus (Bastien 1992, Pl. 77, 5).

Consular busts

This term is used to describe busts portraying the emperor wearing consular robes. These comprised a tunic decorated with floral motifs and a crown, and a purple toga with embroidered border, traditionally worn by victorious generals under the Republic, then by emperors and by consuls on various ceremonial occasions (Bastien 1992, vol. I, 281). Busts of this type appeared on various bronze medallions from the time of Severus Alexander onwards, and it can also be seen on medallions of Gallienus (e.g. lot 212). It did not appear on a coin until the reign of Gallienus, and without other attributes only on rare late issues from the mint of Rome (MIR 681x, lot 239) and 681Ax, with reverse IOVIS STATOR, and on lot 229, a type not known to Göbl, with reverse ABVNDANTIA AVG. The bust faces to the left on all these coins.

At the mint of Milan the radiate consular bust facing left occurs quite frequently from issue 4 to issue 7, but with the emperor also shown holding a scipio (a short sceptre topped by an eagle, traditionally held by victorious generals in triumphal processions, but again adopted for imperial and consular use on ceremonial occasions). Examples in this collection are lots 440, 442, 446, 449 and 453.

If the military busts on coins were intended to reinforce the image of Gallienus as a military commander in the field, the consular busts can be seen as portraying him as the ceremonial ‘head of state’, combining the attributes of high political office and military triumph. It is interesting that this bust occurs almost exclusively at Milan and during a specific time frame. The troops based in Milan were the first line of defence for the city of Rome itself against any threat of invasion from the north, so perhaps it was felt most appropriate to issue reminders of both aspects of the emperor’s supremacy.

‘Sol blessing’ busts

I am using this term to refer to busts of the emperor to the left, with right arm raised and usually holding a globe in the left hand.

Sculptural depictions of emperors with right arm raised can be traced all the way back to Augustus, and the gesture at first seems to have been one of both command and protection, but as time progressed it became more and more associated with imperial identification with the sun god Sol, who is often depicted as Sol Invictus (undefeated) on coins, raising his right hand and holding a globe in his left hand. This seems to have commenced in the time of the Severans, when the oriental cult of Sol was introduced to Rome (Bastien 1992, vol. II, 561). Gallienus seems to have had a particular association with this god and cult, and it was recorded, whether truthfully or not, that he liked to be seen in public wearing a radiate crown and with gold dust in his hair to mimic the sun’s rays. This will be discussed further in the chapter entitled The cult of Sol.

Most of the coins bearing the ‘Sol blessing’ bust on the obverse were minted in Milan, but one single type is known from Rome – MIR 583n (lot 218). The coin illustrated in MIR is on a small flan, with some pitting along the lower edge of the obverse, and as a result it was catalogued simply as bust with right hand raised. However, the slightly better state of preservation of lot 218 in this area allows us to distinguish the presence of a globe balanced rather awkwardly on the left forearm. The reverse of these coins is VBERITAS AVG (fruitfulness, abundance), which may suggest that the emperor, in the role of the sun-god, is guaranteeing the success of the harvest, but it is unclear why this type of obverse should have been used just once at Rome.

Devotion to Sol was widespread within the army, so it is perhaps less surprising that this type of bust was used from time to time at Milan, where coins were minted to pay the army on Italy’s northern frontiers. MIR lists five examples – 1115w (lot 439), 1138v, 1138w, 1143f and 1160v. Of these, 1115w has the globe replaced by a shield on the emperor’s left arm, and MIR described 1138w as similar, although the illustrated coin does not make this feature clear. The other three, of which 1143f is an aureus, all show a globe. 1138v and w and 1143f all have reverse ORIENS AVG, with Sol Invictus raising his right arm and holding a globe, but the other two do not, so there is no clear indication of a deliberate policy to combine obverses and reverses alluding to Sol.

The ‘raised right arm’ gesture is also to be found on reverse designs of coins in which the emperor himself is depicted – in particular on those with legend ADVENTVS AVG and depiction of the emperor on horseback, struck to mark the conclusion of imperial journeys (e.g lot 131 from Rome and lot 422 of Milan).

Hercules busts

Another common feature of the coinages of Gallienus and Postumus is that both had themselves portrayed in the guise of the demigod Hercules, and the coins of Postumus are probably better known in this respect. However, it was on the coins of Gallienus that this first occurred, and with two separate styles of bust.

The first of these depicts the emperor facing to the right, wearing a lion-skin head-dress – a reference to the first of the labours of Hercules, the killing of the Nemean lion. MIR records five instances of this obverse on antoniniani of the first issue of the sole reign at the mint of Rome – 349cc, 355cc, 361cc, 366cc and 368cc. At Milan just a single quinarius (1385f) is recorded, but lot 448 is another quinarius, of an earlier issue (= 1261r variant). At Siscia there is a single type of aureus (1433g). This bust type can be traced back to the time of Alex-

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ander the Great, and it appeared on numerous coins of the Roman Republic. It was first used on imperial coins in the latter part of the reign of Commodus, in fact – on aurei and denarii (RIC 250-3 of AD 191-2) and on sestertii and Asses (RIC 637-9 and 644-5 of AD 192) - as well as on bronze medallions (Bastien 1992, Pl. 71, 5 and Pl. 72, 2, the latter facing to the left). Gallienus would have utilised the same type as a way of identifying himself with the cult of Hercules, rather than any conscious attempt to model himself on the example of the disgraced emperor Commodus, whose excesses must still have been recalled even some seventy years after his death. Septimius Severus, who would certainly not have been modelling himself on Commodus, used the same bust type on bronze medallions (Bastien 1992, Pl. 78, 2).

The second type of bust shows the emperor facing to the left, holding a club and with a lion-skin slung around his shoulders – the type copied on coins of Postumus. This was used for Gallienus mostly at Milan – MIR 1314k, 1336c, 1365k and 1389d. Göbl does not note the lion-skin on any of these coins, and some of the illustrations do not make its presence clear, but there seem to be indications of the lion’s paws on 1314k, 1336c and 1365k. From Siscia there are MIR 1424s and 1441s, and lot 479 is a coin unknown to Göbl with reverse as 1458 – FORTVNA REDVX. This bust type harks right back to the early phases of the coinage of the Republic, in fact. Crawford 20/1, an anonymous didrachm minted c. 269-266 BC, bears a head of Hercules to the right, with club and lion-skin at his shoulder.

The more general topic of the depiction of Hercules on the coins of both Gallienus and Postumus will be discussed below.

Valerian II

A footnote to this discussion of the imperial portraiture of this period concerns an unusual feature to be found on some coins of Valerian II. The elder son of Gallienus is usually portrayed as a fairly young boy with short-cropped hair. However, on certain antoninianus dies a single long lock of hair is shown hanging behind the prince’s right ear. Examples from the mint of Rome are lots 103a, 103b, 109b and 109c; from Viminacium lot 298a; from Cologne lot 310b and possibly lots 312a and 312b. It has been suggested (Brenot 1973) that this shows the ‘lock of Horus’ worn by young princes in ancient Egypt, indicating that Valerian had been inducted into the mysteries of the cult of Isis.

The portraiture of Postumus

The busts on the antoniniani of Postumus are almost entirely conventional, with only a few rare instances of ‘Hercules’ types relieving the monotony (e.g. lots 583 and 584). These were struck only in AD 268, so are demonstrably copying the earlier issues of Gallienus.

It is interesting to note, however, that the portraits on the earliest issues, with long obverse legend (e.g. lots 564 and 565a), are in many ways more similar to those of Gallienus than to later, more realistic images of Postumus. This would seem to imply that the die-sinkers at the mint of Cologne were initially unaware of the exact appearance of Postumus when they were first instructed to prepare dies for coins in his name.

It is to the other denominations of coinage which one must look for further ‘exotic’ types. Full military busts on the coinage of Postumus are surprisingly rare, in fact, although helmeted and cuirassed busts occur on many gold issues, and also on some of bronze (e.g. lot 605, from an issue dated by Bastien (1967, pp.152-6) to AD 261). A helmeted bust to left, with spear pointing downwards and shield on left shoulder, appeared in the same issue (lot 608), with the legend VIRTVS POSTVMI AVG. (See the chapter entitled The concept and representation of ‘Virtus’, below.) Again these must at least have been inspired by the military busts of Gallienus, which first appeared during his joint reign with Valerian I.

Instances of the ‘Sol blessing’ bust can also be found on the bronze coins of Postumus (e.g. sestertius lot 607, from the same issue of AD 261). Since this bust type did not occur on coins of Gallienus until Issue 9 at Rome and Issue 4 at Milan, it appears that in this case it was Gallienus who followed the example of his rival.

The most distinctive of all the obverses of Postumus are those bearing jugate busts of the emperor and Hercules. These are to be found on gold aurei and quinarii, and on base metal offstrikes from the same dies (lots 560, 561 and 563). It is notable that the portrayal of Hercules very closely resembles that of Postumus himself, a clear indication that the emperor was to be regarded as equal in character and achievements to the mythical hero.

Reverses

The designs and inscriptions on the reverse of coins of this period are very numerous, and many of them are identical or similar to those found on issues of many other emperors. If we accept the concept of the emperor as the embodiment of Rome and its empire, then every quality of or action by the emperor can be seen as having consequences for all his subjects – hence the prevalence throughout the imperial period of apparently banal reverse types such as FELICITAS AVG, INDVLGENTIA AVG, LIBERALITAS AVG, PAX AVG and SALVS AVG, all designed to reassure everyone that the empire was in safe hands. It would serve no purpose to discuss all such issues which are to be found amongst the coinage of the Valerianic dynasty, although each had a part to play in the construction of the desired public image of the imperial family and their fitness to rule. The following discussion will focus on a small group of categories of reverse which may be seen as particularly relevant to contemporary events or to the origins, beliefs and customs of this imperial family. Each reverse type will be considered under one of a number of different headings, although it can be argued that some of the reverses could equally well apply to more than one topic. Consideration will also be given to the treatment of similar topics on the coinage of Postumus. Significant individual reverses which do not fall comfortably within any of the specified categories will be highlighted and discussed in the catalogue entries for the relevant coins.

Military references

Roman emperors relied to a very large extent on the support of the army to guarantee their position, and not surprisingly coinage was commonly used to acknowledge this and to boost their popularity among the officers and soldiers. This could be done by three different methods. Victories could be announced and celebrated, general statements could be made acknowledging the loyalty of the army, and occasionally individual military units could be singled out for their support of the reigning emperor. All three of these methods were utilised during the reigns of Valerian I and Gallienus, unsurprisingly in view of the constant threats both from external enemies and from rival claimants to the imperial throne.

Coins celebrating military victories normally featured a winged figure of Victory standing or walking to left or right, sometimes accompanied by one or more captive enemies or crowning an emperor with a laurel wreath. There were a great many of these issued during this period, the most distinctive design being on a joint reign issue of Milan (lot 317b), on which Victory is shown standing facing, wings spread behind her, holding in both hands an unwound diadem, ready to anoint the victorious emperor.

Many reverses refer specifically to victories against German tribes. The reverse legend VICTORIA GERMANICA, often abbreviated to a greater or lesser extent, occurs on a wide range of issues from western mints, e.g. lots 66c, 66d, 67, 76, 77, 78, 81, 127a, 127b, 166, 174, of Rome; 275a, 290c, 293 of Viminacium; 303a-e of Cologne). A single type from Antioch (lot 497b) shows the emperor being greeted

by Victory. An unparalleled issue from Rome (lot 66a) has the reverse legend VICTORIAE AVGG IT(ervm) GERM (‘iterum’ = ‘again’ – thus victories against German tribes for a second time). Several issues commemorate German victories with the depiction of a trophy of arms flanked by two seated captives. It accompanied the legend GERMANICVS MAXIMVS at Viminacium (lot 290b), VICTORIA G(ermanicus)

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M(aximus) (MIR 148) and GERMANICVS MAX TER(tius) at Rome (lot 66b), GERMAN MAX TER on a very rare issue of Cologne (MIR 883g) and GERMANICVS MAX V on very common issues of the same mint (lots 302a-c).

Unsurprisingly, given the eventually disastrous failure of Valerian I’s campaigns in the east, resulting in the capture of the emperor himself by the Sasanian ruler Shapur I, coins celebrating victories in Parthia are few in number. A few such issues were struck, however: lots 294a-b at Viminacium, MIR 881 at Cologne and lot 498b at Antioch. An antoninianus of the first issue of Valerian I at Antioch (lot 494c) has the legend VICTORIAE AVGG accompanied by a figure, identified in catalogues as Mars, standing right, holding a vertical spear and resting his left hand on a shield. This is likely to have referred to early victories won by the senior emperor on the eastern frontier.

An unusual feature of some Victory issues is the inclusion in the reverse legend of an abbreviation of the name of Gallienus – VIC(T) GAL(L) AVG (III) (e.g. lots 146, 147, 148, 149, 156, 157, 158). The first four of these display the additional unusual feature of three figures of Victory standing side by side. The only previous emperor whose name is to be found quite frequently on Victory coins is Elagabalus (VICTOR ANTONINI AVG), although there are also very rare issues of Vespasian, Septimius Severus and Gordian III. The portrayal of three Victories appears to be unprecedented.

Most Victory-type antoniniani of Postumus are surprisingly rare, the only exception being VICTORIA AVG, with the figure of Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm and treading down a seated captive, combined with the obverse legend IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG (lot 566a). Similar antoniniani with the earlier, longer obverse legend are rare (AGK 97a (lot 565b), 97b), but the type occurs relatively frequently on ‘double’ sestertii (lot 621) and sestertii (lot 622). Other bronze coins combine the legend VICTORIAE AVG with a design showing two Victories fixing a shield to a palm tree, with two captives seated at their feet (lot 619). All extremely rare are antoniniani with the legends VIC POSTVMI AVG (AGK 96), VICT GERMANICA (AGK 98) and VICTORIA GERMANICA (AGK 99). Bronze coins of the ‘trophy and captives’ type were also struck for Postumus, but with the somewhat unexpected legend FELICITAS AVG (lot 603). The word ‘felicitas’ is here being used in its specific meaning of success in war, rather than its more general meaning of happiness or good fortune. The same legend occurs in association with a triumphal arch surmounted by a trophy and seated captives (lot 602).

General acknowledgements of military support normally take the form of coins noting the agreement / assent (CONCORDIA) or the loyalty (FIDES) of the army (EXERCITVS) or the soldiers (MILITVM). These commonly feature a figure of Concord, usually holding patera and cornucopiae or military standards, or of Fides, often holding military standards. Large numbers of coins of the above types were struck, mainly at the mints of Rome and Viminacium, with a few from Milan, Siscia, Samosata and Antioch (and also of Fides type by Postumus). A few of these diverge from the normal designs, the most striking being lot 198, a Rome mint issue where the legend FIDES MILITVM is accompanied by the image of a signifier (military standard-bearer) walking to right holding aloft a standard surmounted by a figure of Victory. This appears to be unparalleled on any other Roman imperial coin. At Cologne the same legend is accompanied by an eagle standing on a globe, with a standard on either side (lot 301e), and on an issue of Valerian II from Samosata (lot 522c) by a group of three military standards, the middle one surmounted by an eagle. Antoniniani of Postumus with legend FIDES EXERCITVS depict a row of four standards, including one surmounted by an eagle (lot 575a).

Postumus also issued bronze coins depicting a scene in which the emperor, on horseback, is addressing a group of soldiers. The accompanying legend is EXERCITVS AVG(usti) (the army of the emperor). On some coins a die-sinker’s error has resulted in VAG appearing instead of AVG (lot 601). Note that the emperor is shown employing the raised arm gesture associated with Sol (see chapters entitled ‘Sol blessing’ busts and The cult of Sol).

Much more rarely encountered are coins of this type which refer specifically to the legions or the praetorian guard, the emperor’s personal bodyguards. The inscription CONCOR LEGG appears on an issue at Viminacium (lot 279b), with a conventional seated figure of Concordia, and FIDES LEG on one from Antioch (lot 514c), depicting the emperor standing between two standards. FIDEI PRAET appears on coins of the Rome mint only, unsurprisingly insofar as the praetorian cohorts were based in the imperial capital. The accompanying design is either three military standards (lots 196a-b) or a standing figure, representing the genius exercitus (spirit of the army) accompanied by one standard (MIR 519, 520).

The specific importance attached to the praetorian cohorts at a time when the emperors clearly felt their position to be under threat is emphasized by an issue of sestertii at Rome bearing the inscription, across the reverse field, COHORT(es) / PRAET(oriani) / PRINCIPI / SVO (the praetorian cohorts for their emperor). It may be that these sestertii were struck on a specific occasion as presentation pieces, rather than as circulating coins. The letters S C are missing from the reverse, which suggests that these items may have been more in the nature of medallions than coins. They are certainly very rare today, MIR recording only one specimen (422u), with different bust and obverse legend from lot 181, apparently the second recorded specimen.

A highly unusual military reverse is to be found on a very early issue of Valerian I from Cologne (lot 300), on which the inscription GALLIENVS CVM EXER(citu) SVO (Gallienus with his army) is accompanied by s small figure of Jupiter, holding Victory and sceptre, standing on a dais labelled IOVI / VIC / TORI (to the victorious Jupiter). It may be significant that this reverse, specifically naming Gallienus as military commander, appears only on coins of Valerian I. Since he was the senior emperor, it was clearly important that coins should be issued bearing his name and portrait, but it was equally important that the troops based on the western frontier should look to Gallienus as their commander-in-chief. A similar reverse design appears on much more numerous Cologne issues of Gallienus himself, but with IOVI VICTORI being the main inscription and the labelling on the dais being IMP(erator) / C(um) E(xercitu) S(uo) (the commander-in-chief with his army) (lots 301c-d).

The most famous examples of military reverses on coins of this period are, of course, to be found in the famous series of legionary antoniniani from Milan. Many studies of these issues have been published (e.g. Oman 1918, Alföldi 1929, King 1984), mostly attempting to establish exactly when they were struck and which campaigns they were intended to mark. Gallienus was not the first to issue coins acknowledging the loyalty of specific legions, both Mark Antony and Septimius Severus having done so before him, but both these rulers used only a conventional design of a group of military standards, with only the inscriptions acknowledging each unit individually. The coins of Gallienus depict figures, human or animal, these being the badges of each of the units. (It has been noted that only sections of some of the legions represented actually formed part of armies commanded by Gallienus.) There is little to be said about this series which has not already been published, but it is interesting to note that two of the legions are represented by two different badges. Coins of LEG II PART depict a centaur, sometimes walking to the left and sometimes leaping to the right. The badge of LEG I ITAL changes from a boar with the VI P VI F legend to a creature variously described as a hippocamp or a taurocamp with the VII P VII F legend. Other variants from the normal type are found so rarely that they may be regarded as die-engraving errors (King 1984, 104).

Religion and divine protection

One of the main duties of a Roman emperor was to act as intermediary between gods and people, and by performing correctly all the necessary rituals and sacrifices to ensure the favour of the many deities towards Rome and the Empire. Since the time of Augustus emperors had taken upon themselves the office of Pontifex Maximus. Since any adversity experienced by the Romans could be attributed to divine displeasure, it was clearly important that an emperor should be able to demonstrate that he had not been failing in his religious duties. When the empire was under constant threat of invasion, as was the scenario facing Valerian I and Gallienus, invoking divine protection was doubly important, and on top of that there was a severe outbreak of plague in the early 260s, causing many deaths. The coin issues of virtually all emperors included inscriptions and designs referring to gods and goddesses, but the period under consideration here was particularly notable

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for the number of such issues and of the various different deities involved, culminating in the so-called ‘animal series – the last issues of Gallienus from the Rome mint. By contrast, the coinage of Postumus invokes relatively few deities – Jupiter, Diana, Mars, Minerva, Mercury, Neptune, Aesculapius, Serapis and, in particular, Hercules.

Some of the information included in this chapter is derived from the following sources: Stevenson (1889), Hill (1960), De Blois (1976), Carradice (1983), Hill (1989), Melville Jones (1990), Weigel (1990), Moreaux (1993), Meissonnier (2000), Manders (2012), Geiger (2013) and Christol (2014).

Jupiter

It is not entirely surprising that the deity represented most frequently on coins of this period is Jupiter. Not only was he chief among the gods, of course, but his worship was particularly associated with the imperial family (see chapter below on The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii). What is of greatest interest is the number of different epithets applied to Jupiter in reverse legends and the representation of the god in association with these. The most frequently encountered legend at this period is IOVI CONSERVATORI, usually abbreviated in various ways. Here Jupiter Optimus Maximus is being depicted as the personal protector of the emperor, and he is standing left, holding a thunderbolt and a sceptre (lots 2b, 17, 18, 69, 182, 183 from the Rome mint; 512c, 514a, 515d from Antioch). At Milan there is an eagle at the god’s feet (lots 426, 427). Although strictly not belonging to this period, an antoninianus reverse die of Aemilian from Rome, which was apparently re-used to strike an early coin of Valerian I (lot 1), shows a small figure of the emperor under the direct protection of Jupiter. ‘Animal series’ coins with the inscription IOVI CONS AVG depict a goat facing either to the left (lots 254, 255, 256, 270a) or to the right (lots 257, 266b, 270b). This was probably intended to be understood as the Amalthean goat, associated with the Greek myth concerning the young Zeus (again see next chapter).

Other representations of Jupiter Optimus Maximus include Jupiter Stator (the preventer of panic in battle). Coins with the inscription IOVIS STATOR also show the god holding thunderbolt and sceptre, but in the opposite hands to Jupiter Conservator (lots 213b, 224 from Rome, 502b from Antioch). This version has been judged to be a reproduction of the statue in the temples dedicated to Jupiter Stator in Rome. Other coins, with either IOVI VLTORI (the avenger) (lots 137a, 154, 163, 171) or IOVI PROPVGNATORI (who fights on the side of the Roman state) (MIR 640, 1438, 1658) show the god in more active form, running and preparing to hurl a thunderbolt. Jupiter Victor (IOVI VICTORI), standing and holding a figure of Victory and a sceptre, appears during this period only on early coins from Cologne. On some he stands on a dais labelled IMP / C E S (lots 301c-d), and on others the dais is inscribed IOVI VICTORI and the main legend is GALLIENVS CVM EXERCITV SVO (lot 300). The image is probably that of a statue situated in Gaul. (Hill 1989, p. 94, suggests Lyons.)

From the Siscia mint came an issue of antoniniani on which Jupiter, holding his thunderbolt and sceptre, is accompanied by the legend IO CANTAB (lots 458, 459). The exact meaning of this has been the subject of some discussion and still appears to be somewhat obscure. De Blois (1976, p. 108) states that it ‘appears to have had a connection with a war-cry of the tactical formation of a particular military unit’. Geiger (2013, p. 223) also refers to this cavalry manoeuvre (impetus Cantabricus), but offers the alternative reading of IO(vi) CANTAB(rorvm), implying thanks to Jupiter on behalf of cantabra (‘Militärbanner tragenden Vexillationen’ – military units of standardbearers). Okamura (1992. p, 323) elaborates on this, explaining that the word cantabra signified a particular type of Roman military standard and by extension was applied to those military units equipped with such standards. The inscription IO[vi] CANTAB[rorum] can thus be seen to honour Jupiter who had ‘recently aided cantabra-bearing units (vexillations) to defend the middle Balkans for Emperor Gallienus against barbarian raiders and Roman usurpers’. (This reference to Okamura (1992) is taken from the note to lot 686 in the catalogue of Bankhaus Aufhäuser Auktion 12, 1 October 1996).) Another suggestion, advanced by the cataloguer for the Artemide auction in Italy in April 2018, at which a coin of this type was offered for sale, is that Jupiter Cantabricus is here equated to Jupiter Tonans, to whom the future emperor Augustus dedicated a temple on the Capitol in Rome in 22 BC in gratitude for having narrowly escaped being struck by lightning while on campaign in Cantabria, part of Hispania. Personally I find this improbable, as there seems to be no reason why Gallienus should have had this particular version of Jupiter depicted on one of his coins, especially at the mint of Siscia only. It makes more sense to assert that this reverse type had a particular significance to one or more of the military units stationed on the Danube frontier.

Jupiter also appears occasionally on coins where there is no inscription naming him. An antoninianus of Rome with the reverse legend P M TR P II COS II P P shows Jupiter standing as on the ‘conservator’ types (lot 2a), but an unusual issue from the joint reign at Antioch shows him seated to the left, holding a patera and a sceptre, with an eagle at his feet, with the legend PACATORI ORBIS (to the pacifier of the world) (lot 493d). On an antoninianus struck for Saloninus at the mint of Antioch (lot 498c), Jupiter is shown presenting a figure of Victory to the young prince. The accompanying legend, unparalleled on any other coin, is DII NVTRITORES (the nourishing gods), signifying divine protection and support for the boy who had become heir to the principate after the death of his older brother.

Postumus also invokes Jupiter in several manifestations: Propugnator (lot 567a), Stator (lots 581c, 583) and Victor (lot 591).

Juno

In Greek mythology Hera was both wife and sister to Zeus, and her Roman equivalent, Juno, was likewise consort to Jupiter. Her name and image are found mostly on coins issued for empresses, and at this period specifically for Salonina, wife of Gallienus. She is most commonly shown standing left, holding a patera and a long vertical sceptre, but with several different legends. As IVNO REGINA (Queen Juno) she appears on antoniniani (lot 96a), sestertii (MIR 228d), dupondii (lot 231) and Asses (lot 98a) from the Rome mint, as well as on an antoninianus of Antioch (lot 502e) where she is accompanied by a peacock at her feet. (The peacock was sacred to Juno.) The peacock is also present on antoniniani of Rome with the inscription IVNO CONSERVAT(rix) (protectress of the empress) (lot 213d), but is absent on others with inscription IVNO VICTRIX (victorious) (lot 96b).

In the ‘animal series’ IVNONI CONS AVG is accompanied by an animal facing to the left (lot 271a) or occasionally to the right (MIR 726). The correct identification of its species has been a matter for discussion. RIC refers to it as a doe, but this is clearly incorrect. It has antlers resembling those of a deer but also the beard of a goat, and the name capreolus (Latin for the roe deer) has been applied to what seems likely to have been an imaginary creature (possibly invented as a partner to Jupiter’s goat) (Carradice 1983). MIR also uses this term, but Weigel (1990, p. 137) suggests that the animal is an elk. Hybrid coins (MIR 725b, lot 253) combine the IVNONI CONS AVG reverse with an obverse of Gallienus.

An unusual portrayal of Juno occurs on a antoninianus of Salonina from Milan (lot 456a), on which she is shown seated left holding a flower and an infant. The inscription is simply IVNO AVG, and the design is presumably intended to represent the goddess as the bringer of peace and motherhood to the empress.

Apollo

Apollo and his sister, Artemis / Diana, were the children born to Zeus by Leto. Apollo was the patron deity of music and poetry, and is frequently portrayed holding a lyre. On antoniniani (lot 42b), sestertii (lot 55) and Asses (lot 79) from the Rome mint he is shown standing left, holding a laurel branch and resting his lyre on the ground, with the legend APOLINI CONSERVA(tori) (to Apollo the protector), and the same depiction is accompanied by APOLNI CONSERVA on antoniniani of Antioch (lot 496). (Both these are abbreviated spellings of the correct form APOLLINI, but they appear to be deliberate rather than erroneous.)

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Two types of antoninianus from Milan display variations from the above type. On one with legend APOLLO CONSERVA(tor) (lot 441c) the god is shown standing facing, with his right hand raised and resting on his head and his left holding his lyre on a draped column or tripod. The pose copies that of a statue, by Timarchides of Athens, once to be seen in the temple of Apollo Medicus in the Campus Martius at Rome (Hill 1989, pp. 84-5), with the addition of the tripod symbolising Apollo’s association with oracles such as that at Delphi. On another (APOLLO CONSER) (lot 441d) the lyre is missing and the figure holds a laurel branch in his right hand and what is described in catalogues as a ‘mantle’ – apparently part of a cloak - in his left. Hill (1989, p. 91) suggests that this pose may also have copied that of a statue, and that the image invokes Apollo in his role of healer (of the state).

An entirely different aspect of Apollo is to be found on antoniniani (lot 42a) and sestertii (lot 43) of Rome, on which the god is depicted standing right, his cloak flying out behind him, drawing a bow. This refers to the story that Apollo killed with an arrow the serpent Python, which had been ravaging the area around Delphi and Mount Parnassus. The accompanying legend is APOLINI PROPVG(natori) (fighter on behalf of [the emperor / empire]). The pose probably copies that of a statue which also used to stand in the temple of Apollo Medicus (Hill 1989, p. 85).

An antoninianus of Cyzicus (lot 485) bears the reverse legend APOLLINI PAL(atino) and the figure of Apollo standing left and holding a patera and a sceptre. Thus is a reference to a temple which was established by Octavian (the future Augustus) on the Palatine Hill in Rome in honour of his guardian divinity, to whom he later ascribed his victory over Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.

The inscription APOLLINI CONS AVG in the ‘animal series’ is accompanied by two different representations of a centaur (a creature with the upper body of a man and the hind parts of a horse). On the first type (lots 259, 260, 270c) the centaur is shown walking to the right, drawing a bow, and on the second (lots 261, 270d) it walks left, holding a globe and a rudder. It has been suggested (Stevenson 1889, p.

63) that the centaur is intended to represent Chiron, whom the fable names as the tutor of Apollo, instructing him in the use of medicinal herbs, but the significance of the globe and rudder remains obscure. On other coins of the ‘animal series’ (MIR 718-722) the APOLLINI CONS AVG legend is accompanied by a gryphon, said to have been sacred to Apollo and to have been depicted in the sanctuary at Delphi (Moreaux 1993, p. 83). Lot 265 is a possible example of a die-sinker’s error by which the APOLLINI CONS AVG legend has been combined with the depiction of a tigress which normally accompanies the legend LIBERO P CONS AVG (see below). However, Wolkow (2017) suggests that this was actually deliberate and a very early issue from the ‘animal’ series.

Diana

The twin sister of Apollo, Diana (the Greek Artemis) was the goddess of nature and hunting, and was also equated with the moon goddess Luna (the Greek Selene). Representations of Diana on coins of this period show both these aspects of her character, sometimes combining the two.

On antoniniani and rare sestertii/medallions of Milan Diana is portrayed as a huntress, sometimes running right and holding her bow, while drawing an arrow from her quiver (lots 317a, 318), and sometimes standing facing, looking right, and holding a reversed spear and a bow (lots 441a-b). On each of these coins she is accompanied by an animal, at her feet and running to the right. This is usually described in catalogues as a hound or a stag, and its identity is not always very clear. On lots 318 and 441b the creature very clearly has antlers and must be a stag, but this feature is either absent or unclear on other coins. The legend on all these coins is DIANA FELIX (the happy / fortunate), which seems rather odd, but which can be seen in association with the coins with legend FELICITAS SAECVLI (see below). Diana is also portrayed as a huntress, standing left, drawing arrow from quiver and holding bow, on antoniniani of Valerian I from Rome with the very unusual legend RELIGIO AVGG (lot 86). This is puzzling, but may indicate that the worship of Diana was somehow particularly favoured by the imperial family at that time.

Diana has the greatest variety of reverse types of any of the deities honoured in the ‘animal series’, but all are clearly connected with her role as patroness of hunters. The animal depicted on coins from the Γ workshop is usually described as an antelope, a type of animal imported in large numbers by the Romans from Africa for use in wild beast hunts, Carradice (1983, p. 189) suggests that two separate species may be represented – a hartebeest and an Addax antelope. It is usually shown facing to the left (lots 252, 271b), but also to the right (MIR 717). Coins from the ε workshop bear the image of a doe, usually standing right and looking back left (lot 271c), but sometimes the reverse (MIR 727), while the animal on workshop X coins is clearly a stag, facing either to left (lots 271d, 262) or less commonly to right (MIR 745).

The animals on issues from officinae XI and XII are both described as gazelles, but Carradice (1983, p. 193) distinguishes between the two.

The former, very similar to the creature shown at officina Γ, he describes as most closely resembling e.g. a Dorcas gazelle from North Africa.

It is shown facing either to left (lot 268a) or to right (lot 271e). The workshop XII creature he sees as a distinct species of antelope, with long horizontal horns, or perhaps an oryx. Again it may face to the left (lot 264) or to the right (lot 268b). Among the small number of ‘animal series’ coins struck at the mint of Siscia is a DIANAE CONS AVG issue with stag facing left (lot 482).

Antoniniani depicting Diana in the guise of the moon-goddess were issued only from the mints of Siscia and Antioch. With the legend DIANA LVCIFERA (light-bearer) she is shown walking right, carrying a torch in both hands (lot 493b). The same depiction accompanies the legends LVNA LVCIFERA (lot 431) and LVNA LVCIF (lot 514d), but in association with these direct references to the moon, she also wears a crescent on her head. The same depiction of Diana accompanies the legend FELICITAS SAECVLI (the happiness of the era) (lot 495a), where Diana is presumably to be seen as bearing light into the coming ‘new golden age’ which the imperial family wished to announce.

On a rare issue from Siscia (lot 480), with legend LVNA LVCIF, she is shown driving the chariot which was believed to carry the moon across the sky. Postumus also celebrated Diana as light-bearer on his coinage – DIANAE LVCIFERAE / LVCIFERE, again showing her walking to the right and carrying a torch (lots 571a, 572), sometimes with a small deer at her feet (lot 571b).

A unique depiction of Diana is to be found on another issue of Postumus (lot 573). Here she is shown walking right, holding a bow, followed by a large stag walking behind her. The accompanying legend is DIANA REDVX (homebringer). The word redux was usually used on coins celebrating the safe return of an emperor from a journey, but we do not know the context for it in this case, nor why Diana, rather than the more usual Fortuna, should have been credited with it.

Apollo and Diana

A notable type, struck at Rome for Valerian I only, depicted both Apollo, holding laurel branch and lyre, and Diana, drawing arrow from quiver and holding bow, as protectors of the joint emperors (CONSERVAT[ores] AVGG) (lots 84, 85). The fact that these coins were not struck for Gallienus may suggest that it was Valerian who had a particular attachment to the worship of Diana. Note that the RELIGIO AVGG coins depicting Diana (see above) were also issued in the name of Valerian only, whereas CONSERVAT AVGG coins depicting Apollo alone (MIR 167-8) were struck for both emperors. It may therefore also be significant that all the western mint coins naming or depicting Diana, with the exception of those in the ‘animal series’, were issued during the period of the joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus.

Mars

Considering the constant military threats to the imperial frontiers during this period, it is perhaps surprising that Mars, the god of war, does not feature on coins more frequently than he does. (N.B., however, that figures identified as Mars do appear on coins on which he is not named in the inscription – see in particular the chapter entitled The concept and representation of ‘Virtus’.) When Mars is depicted, he is often shown with spear and shield, but beyond this there are variants in both design and associated legend.

On antoniniani (lot 213a) and denarii (lot 226) from the Rome mint Mars stands to the left, holding an olive branch in his right

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hand, and with his left supporting a spear and shield resting on the ground. The legend is MARTI PACIFERO (to Mars the pacifier), which also occurs, in abbreviated forms, on sestertii of Rome (lot 531c) and on antoniniani of Milan (lot 425), on both of which Mars is shown running left, holding the olive branch, spear and shield. Other coins of Milan (lot 320) style him MARTI PROPVGNAT[ori] (fighting on behalf of the emperor / empire) and show him running to the right with spear and shield, treading down a fallen enemy soldier. As MARS VICTOR he appears on coins from Antioch, walking right with spear and shield (lots 510a-b).

On coins which were apparently struck in large numbers at Cologne the simple legend DEO MARTI accompanies the image of a four-columned temple in which Mars is shown standing left with shield and spear (lot 307d). This must be seen as representing a statue of the god within an actual temple, but its location is unknown (Hill 1989, p. 10). The coin belongs to the contemporary group which also includes antoniniani of Valerian I with reverse DEO VOLKANO and of Salonina (DEAE SEGETIAE). It was common in Gaul for the name of a god or goddess to be preceded by DEVS or DEA, so the use of this form at the Cologne mint is entirely as might be expected.

Mars does not often appear on coins of Postumus either. On antoniniani he is named just once, as MARS VICTOR, standing left, holding reversed spear and shield resting on ground (lot 575b). A figure identified in catalogues as Mars, shown walking right holding spear and trophy, accompanies the legend P M TR P COS III P P (AGK 63-4). On one particular die the item held over the figure’s shoulder appears to be a sceptre, not a trophy (lot 570). This may be simply a die-sinker’s error, however (AGK p. 59, note 64). The type with spear and trophy also occurs on bronze coins, e.g. lot 599, with legend P M TR P IIII COS III P P. Venus

The goddess traditionally associated with love appears on coins of this period in several guises, but almost invariably on issues struck in the name of the empress Salonina. The only exceptions to this can be found on antoniniani from Antioch (e.g. lot 495b of Valerian I), on which the legend VENVS VICTRIX is accompanied by an image of Venus standing left, holding a helmet and a transverse sceptre and resting her left elbow on a shield – a reminder that Venus also had a more warlike aspect to her character. Julius Caesar had claimed that he himself was a descendant of Venus!

The legend VENVS VICTRIX, at Cologne, or VICT, at Milan, also appears on coins of Salonina, in association with images of the goddess in various poses. One Cologne issue (lot 308b) shows her standing left, holding a transverse sceptre in her left hand, which also rests on a shield. In her right hand she holds a small object which has been described as a helmet, but which appears to be a small globe, on this coin anyway. On another Cologne type (lot 308d) Venus is depicted standing to the right beside a column, viewed from the rear, holding a branch and again a small globular object. In both cases the latter may best be identified as the apple presented to Venus / Aphrodite as the fairest of all the goddesses in the so-called ‘Judgement of Paris’). It may again be distinguished on an antoninianus from Milan (lot 445c), on which Venus stands left, holding it in her right hand and a long vertical sceptre in her left. At her feet stands a small child with hands raised to the goddess, This may be her son, Cupid, or perhaps a reminder of Venus’s supposed role as the provider of beauty in children. On another Milan issue (lot 452d), however, it is the military aspect of Venus which is again to the fore. She holds a crested helmet in her right hand, while her left holds a transverse sceptre and rests on a shield. A similar design, but with the sceptre replaced by a spear, appears on coins of Cyzicus (lot 489) and Antioch (lot 515e), with the rather strange legend reading simply VENVS AVG.

The legend VENVS FELIX (happy / fortunate) appears on coins of both Cologne and Milan, and in both cases the goddess is accompanied by a child. This could again be Cupid, but the inscription, possibly related to Venus as the bringer of good fortune in marriage, suggests that it may be intended to be a child of the imperial family. Coins of Cologne (lot 308a) show Venus seated to left, holding a transverse sceptre and extending her right hand towards the child, whose arms are again raised. On Milan issues (lot 441f) Venus stands to the right, a long vertical sceptre supported by her right hand, while her left holds an infant.

The role of Venus in ensuring the birth of children to ensure the future of the imperial dynasty is the aspect which dominates issues from the Rome mint, on which she is styled VENVS GENETRIX and is shown standing left, supporting a long vertical sceptre in her left hand, while her right holds an infant. An older child stands at her feet. It does not require much imagination to see the children as Valerian II and Saloninus. The type is to be found on antoniniani (lot 96c), sestertii (lot 102b) and Asses (lot 98c). The same legend, but in the dative case (VENERI GENETRICI) appears on an antoninianus of Viminacium, but here there is no child, the goddess merely holding a small globe or apple and a vertical sceptre (lot 296a). On another Viminacium issue (MIR 855) the same type is accompanied by the legend in the accusative case (VENEREM GENETRICEM), a form which often indicates that the figure is a representation of an actual statue, but if this is so, its identity and location are unknown.

Vesta

The goddess of hearth and home is another deity whose image and inscription are normally to be found on coins issued for imperial women, and during this period she appears almost exclusively on coins of Salonina. The exception comprises a single sestertius die, which was used on coins of both Valerian I and Gallienus (lot 47), but MIR (p. 79) suggests that it had been cut with the intention of striking coins in the name of Cornelia Supera, wife of Aemilian, but in the event never used. Vesta is shown standing left, holding patera and sceptre – a very common design, also to be found on antoniniani of Salonina from Viminacium (lot 296b). Both these have just VESTA as the reverse legend, but on an antoninianus from Milan (lot 441e) the same design is accompanied by VESTA FELIX (happy / fortunate), this, as with Venus, probably alluding to the goddess’s provision of contentment in family life.

Even more common is the depiction of Vesta seated to left, with patera and sceptre, and the legend VESTA. This is to be found on Rome mint issues for Salonina of antoniniani (lot 137c), denarii (lot 167), quinarii (lot 168), sestertii (lot 177) and Asses (lot 178). On antoniniani from Cologne (lot 308c), however, the seated figure holds a sceptre and a palladium (a small statue of Pallas Athene, the Roman Minerva, holding sceptre). The association of Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, with Vesta is not entirely clear, but a palladium is also held, along with a long vertical sceptre, by a standing figure of Vesta on a coin of Samosata, with the legend VESTA AETERNA (lot 522a). (RIC 71 describes the little statue on this coin as Victory, but it clearly holds a long transverse sceptre, not a wreath, as on the Cologne issue.)

This leaves just one significantly different Vesta design – to be found on a previously unknown type of quinarius which I have attributed to the Viminacium mint on stylistic grounds (lot 297). Here the legend VESTA is accompanied by a figure standing left, holding in her right hand an object pointing diagonally downwards which may be intended to be a torch – an attribute to be found on Vesta coins of other periods. The left hand is raised, but apparently empty.

Minerva

The patron deity of wisdom and the arts appears rarely on coins of this period, and only at eastern mints and in military garb. At Antioch, with the legend MINERVA AVG, she wears a helmet and holds spear and shield. She may stand either to the right (lot 510c) or to the left (lot 513c). At Cyzicus she stands to the right, but the legend is in the dative case (MINERVAE AVG) (lot 487).

Postumus, on the other hand, issued antoniniani with the legend MINER(va) FAVTR(ix) (favourable, partisan), showing the goddess striding left, with spear and shield in her left hand and holding out a branch in her right (lot 567b).

Mercury

Best known as the messenger of the gods, Mercury was also the patron deity of merchants and travellers, as well as of thieves and beggars. For this reason he is often depicted holding a purse, as well as his characteristic snake-entwined sceptre, the caduceus. On antoniniani

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of Gallienus from Antioch he is portrayed in this way in association with the legends PROVIDENTIA AVG (lot 514b), FORTVNA REDVX (lot 493c) and FIDES AVG (lot 515c). The second implies the safe return of the emperor from a journey with the assistance of Mercury, but his relevance to Fides is somewhat unclear.

An antoninianus of Postumus depicts Mercury in the same way, but with the legend MERCVRIO FELICI (successful, fortunate) (lot 575c), and on excessively rare antoniniani the same depiction is accompanied by the legend INTERNV(n)TIVS DEORVM (messenger / intermediary of the gods) (AGK 33). The implication would seem to be that the emperor is to be seen as fulfilling that role, traditionally assigned to Mercury. (For a discussion of this type, see Carson 1957, in which it is suggested that Mercury is being acknowledged as the bringer-about of a successful conclusion to peace negotiations between Gallienus and Postumus in early AD 265, with the two emperors being described as the ‘gods’ between whom Mercury acted as intermediary. The MERCVRIO FELICI type is also linked to such an event.)

In the ‘animal series’ of Rome antoniniani, the legend MERCVRIO CONS AVG is accompanied by the depiction of a mythical creature known as a criocamp, or Egyptian sea-ram, with the forepart of a ram and the rear part of a sea monster. The association of such a creature with Mercury is obscure, but there was a legend that he had once saved the people of Tanagra in Boeotia from plague by instructing them to carry a ram around the city walls, and he also had the reputation of being able to increase the fertility of sheep!

The caduceus of Mercury appears on its own as the reverse design on antoniniani of Postumus with legend SAECVLO FRVGIFERO (for a fruitful / successful era) (lot 576a). However, the link to Mercury may be illusory. Melville Jones (1990, p. 276) states that ‘This (legend) is the Latin translation of the Greek name of an African deity, Aion Karpophoros. ‘….. On Roman coins this god is represented as a male figure bearing a caduceus as a symbol of peace and prosperity ……’

Neptune

The god of the sea is another of the deities invoked in the ‘animal series’, the legend NEPTVNO CONS AVG being accompanied by two different mythical sea-creatures. Coins of the ς workshop show a capricorn, which has the forepart of a goat and the rear part of a fish (lot 258), whereas those from the Ν workshop have a hippocamp, in which the front of a horse is joined to a curved fish-tail (lot 269d).

Neptune is not otherwise named in a reverse inscription of Gallienus, but his image appears on an antoninianus of Antioch, with the legend P M TR P XV P P, dating the issue to no earlier than August AD 266 (lot 513a). The god is shown standing left, resting his right foot on the prow of a ship, and holding a trident.

Antoniniani of Postumus with the legend NEPTVNO REDVCI show the god standing left, holding a dolphin and a trident, sometimes with the prow of a ship on the left (AGK 46-47). The legend suggests the safe return of Postumus from a sea journey.

Liber Pater

The least self-explanatory of the ‘animal series’ antoniniani are those with the legend LIBERO P CONS AVG. Liber Pater, otherwise known as Bacchus, was the Roman equivalent of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine. Animals sacred to him were the panther and the leopard, and a large member of the cat family is depicted on all the coins on which he is named (lots 250, 251, 269c), but it is now generally agreed that this is a tigress, with indications of a striped coat. This was proposed by Carradice (1983, pp. 188-9) and was accepted by Göbl in MIR. Hercules

The depiction of Gallienus and Postumus in the guise of Hercules has been discussed above in the Portraiture chapter, and images of the hero and demi-god on reverses are described below in the chapter entitled The concept and representation of ‘Virtus’. The name of Hercules, however, occurs in the coinage of Gallienus only in inscriptions of the ‘animal series’. The legend HERCVLI CONS AVG is accompanied by two animals associated with the ‘twelve labours’ of Hercules – the Nemean lion on coins of officina A (lot 247), and the boar of Erymanthus at officina E (lot 266a).

The coinage of Postumus, by contrast, includes numerous invocations of Hercules by name, in a plethora of different roles. With the legend HERC(uli) PACIFERO (pacifier / peacemaker) he stands to left, holding a laurel branch in his right hand and his club and lionskin in his left (lots 566c, 610). As HERCVLI INVICTO (undefeated) he is shown standing left, holding club and lionskin and removing the girdle from the slain body of the Amazon queen Hippolyte (lot 560). This is a reference to the ninth of the twelve labours of Hercules, and is part of a series of aurei and offstrikes on which all the twelve labours are illustrated (see Schulte 1983, pp. 106-16, nos. 120-54).

Postumus’s coinage is also unusual in referring to regional cults of Hercules in those areas of western Europe which were under his control. The more frequently encountered of these issues bear the legend HERC(uli) DEVSONIENSI (to the Hercules of Deuso). Deuso was commonly identified as Deutz, an area of modern Cologne, but a note to lot 600 in the catalogue of the Lūckger collection (Peus auction 417, 2 November 2016) states that this, and an alternative identification of Duisburg in Germany, have now been discredited, and that Deuso is now considered to have been either Dissen or Doesburg, both in the modern Netherlands. The accompanying portrayals of Hercules are of two distinct types, the more common of which depicts him standing facing, looking to the right, resting his right hand on his club and holding his bow and lionskin in his left (lots 566b, 607, 608). Less commonly he is shown standing within a tetrastyle temple, with the same attributes but looking to the left (lots 569a, 609). Much less common is the legend HERCVLI MAGVSANO (to the Hercules of Magusa, a town on the River Mosel). On these coins he stands to right, his right arm at his side, his left hand holding the lionskin and club, which rests on a rock (lot 610).

In addition, the bow, club and quiver of Hercules are depicted with the legend HERCVLI ROMANO AVG (AGK 31a (lot 582), 31b), and on dated antoniniani of AD 268 with legend P M TR P VIII COS IIII P P (lots 585, 586).

For a recent publication on the subject of Hercules in the coinages of Gallienus and Postumus, see Christol 2014.

Saturn

Saturn, who is rarely represented on Roman coins, is believed to have equated to Cronos, in Greek mythology father of Zeus and later replaced by him as chief among the gods, after which he travelled to Italy and became king of Latium, where his reign was believed to have been a Golden Age of prosperity. He was regarded by the Romans as the patron deity of agriculture and also as the god of Time. On coins of Gallienus from Antioch, Saturn is portrayed standing to the right, holding a type of scythe or reaping-hook known as a falx or harpa (lot 493a). The accompanying legend is AETERNITATI AVG, and this may be connected with imperial propaganda that a new golden age was to be inaugurated by Gallienus.

Janus

The god of new beginnings, always depicted with two faces, looking backwards and forwards, is very rarely represented on Roman coins, but an issue of aurei from the Rome mint in the first year of Gallienus’s sole reign (AD 260-1) depicts him standing and holding a sceptre, with the legend IANO PATRI (to father Janus) (MIR 449p). This may be seen as marking not just a new year, but a new era – the golden age – to be inaugurated by the sole reign of Gallienus, who must have been keen to escape from the shame incurred by the capture of his father by the Sassanian ruler, Shapur I.

An extraordinary coin found in Hertfordshire, south-east England, and acquired by the British Museum has as its obverse design a Janiform bust of Gallienus. It is discussed fully by Abdy (2002).

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Vulcan

According to Homer, Hephaestos / Vulcan was a son of Zeus and Hera and blacksmith to the gods. To the Romans he was the patron deity of metal-workers and artisans and god of fire and iron, but was very rarely represented on coins. He is known to have been worshipped particularly in Gaul, so it is perhaps not surprising that he appears on coins of Valerian I from Cologne, shown standing within a temple, holding the tools of his trade – hammer and tongs – with or without an anvil at his feet (lots 307a-b). The legend is DEO VOLKANO, and the coins were companion issues to those of Gallienus (DEO MARTI) and Salonina (DEAE SEGETIAE).

Segetia

The third of the deities honoured on the ‘temple’ type antoniniani from Cologne is by far the least familiar. Segetia was apparently a goddess of the harvest, responsible for the protection of wheat and other crops once they had emerged from the ground. Stevenson (1889, p. 311), suggested that Salonina had caused a temple to be erected in her honour in Rome, and (p. 728) that the empress had taken personal responsibility for the supply of food to the people of the city of Rome. There may be little hard evidence for these statements, but there must have been some good reason for the appearance of this obscure deity on coins of the empress from Cologne, on which she is shown standing within a temple, raising both hands as if in prayer (lots 309a-b).

Ceres

The better known goddess of the harvest and the corn supply was Ceres, who appears on just one coin issue during this period – antoniniani of Salonina from Antioch, on which she is shown seated left, holding corn-ears and vertical sceptre, with the legend CERERI AVG (lot 511c).

Aesculapius

Another deity who appears more frequently on coins of Postumus than those of Gallienus is Aesculapius, the god of healing. The health of the empire was seen as embodied in and dependent on that of the emperor, which is why SALVS AVG is such a common reverse legend on imperial coins, usually associated with a figure representing good health feeding a snake either held in her arms or coiled round an altar. The snake was sacred to Aesculapius, who is depicted holding a staff with a snake coiled round it on a type of antoninianus of Gallienus from Antioch (lot 512b). He is not named in the inscription, however, which is merely CONSERVATOR AVG (protector of the emperor).

On coins of Postumus, however, the figure of Aesculapius standing facing, looking left and holding his staff on the ground, appears frequently in association with ‘Salus’ legends. These may refer to the health of the emperor (SALVS AVG) (lots 563, 576b-c) or to that of the army (SALVS EXERCITI) (lot 578). Puzzlingly, the latter legend appears to be grammatically incorrect. Exercitus is a fourth-declension noun, the genitive case of which is exercitūs, as is found on many other coins of this period (See chapter entitled Military references.)

Serapis

The least traditionally Roman of all the deities represented on coins of this period, Serapis was originally a Graeco-Egyptian god, apparently ‘invented’ by the first of the Ptolemaic kings of Egypt and combining the names of Osiris and the Apis bull. He was worshipped in Alexandria and regarded as a healer of the sick, and his cult was increasingly adopted by the Romans after their conquest of Egypt. He appears on just two coin issues of Gallienus, without actually being named in either legend. On a single aureus of Rome (MIR 450p, now lost), the legend reads P M TR P VIIII COS IIII P P, and the coin appears to have been struck to mark the commencement of Gallienus’s fourth consulship in AD 261. On an antoninianus from Antioch he is shown wearing the traditional head-dress of a modius (corn measure), raising his right hand and holding a long sceptre (lot 502a). The inscription is P M TR P XII COS V P P, dating the issue to August – December AD 263. As with the depiction of Aesculapius, this issue may also be an invocation of divine protection of the health of the emperor.

On antoniniani of Postumus Serapis is portrayed in the same fashion, but with the legend SERAPI COMITI AVG (the companion of the emperor) – not just a protector, therefore, but placed more or less on an equal footing with the emperor. On some coins (lot 579a) Serapis is shown standing on the prow of a ship, but on others (lot 579b) this feature is absent.

River gods

An interesting little sideline to this discussion of the representation of deities on coins of this period may be found in a small number of reverse designs which include figures representing river-gods. Such minor deities are frequently found on provincial coins from cities where they had particular local significance, but they are found much less often on issues of central mints. During the second century AD prominent reclining figures of river-gods appear on coins of Trajan (the Danube), Hadrian (the Nile) and Antoninus Pius (the Tiber), all of which are identified in the accompanying inscriptions. A similar figure occurs on early coins of Postumus, struck in AD 260-261, with the legend SALVS PROVINCIARVM (the safety of the provinces). Those provinces must be identified as those over which Postumus had recently gained control, specifically those of Gaul, and it is reasonable to assume that the river-god portrayed represents the Rhine, which flows through Cologne, where the coins were minted. The figure is depicted in a reclining position, facing left, his left hand leaning on an urn and holding an item resembling a branch but possibly being an anchor (Meissonnier 2000, p. 535). The head of the figure may be adorned with horns (lot 565a) or may lack these (lot 564).

River-gods appear on coins of Gallienus only at the mint of Siscia. Antoniniani with the reverse inscription SISCIA AVG show a female figure representing Siscia seated left, holding patera and cornucopiae. In the exergue a small figure is shown swimming in waves, and this has in the past (e.g. RIC) been identified as a nymph. However, on some coins the figure can be seen to be bearded, making it more probable that it is actually a river-god. Siscia lies at the confluence of the rivers Sava and Kulpa. The former is an important tributary of the Danube, into which it flows at Belgrade, and this river may therefore be the one represented on these coins (Meissonnier 2000, p. 535). The figure is normally shown swimming to the left (lot 467), but on a rare variant he swims to the right (lot 468).

On an antoninianus with reverse legend P M T P VII COS P P (sic), dating its issue to AD 266, the emperor is shown standing facing, holding parazonium and spear, with the small figure of a river-god holding a branch to either side of him (lot 470). These presumably represent the Sava and the Kulpa, although some have suggested the Rhine and the Main (Meissonnier 2000, p. 535). Göbl (MIR p. 121) sees this reverse as a tribute to the genius loci of Siscia.

The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii

One of the most frequently encountered types of coin issued during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus is the antoninianus struck for Valerian II with reverse legend IOVI (occasionally IOBI) CRESCENTI accompanied by the image of a child seated on the back of a goat. These coins were struck at the mints of Rome (lots 103a-b), Viminacium (lot 298a) and Cologne (lots 310a-b) – all in the western part of the empire under the command of Gallienus - and must have been produced in enormous numbers. There is no firm evidence that this type was ever struck at any of the eastern mints in the territory under the command of Valerian I, but lot 499 sees the IOVI CRESCENTI reverse combined with an obverse of Antioch. Whether it is genuine or an ancient forgery remains open to debate, however. It has a now partially damaged silver wash over a base metal core, but it definitely appears to have been struck, rather than cast. The obverse bears the typical Antioch

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legend P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, and a radiate and draped bust of unmistakeably Antioch style. If this coin is indeed a forgery, this would presuppose that someone had managed to get hold of an Antioch obverse die and a reverse die from one of the western mints, which seems inherently unlikely. Pending the emergence of further evidence its authenticity must remain in some doubt, however. Perhaps it is because they are so common that these coins have tended to be overlooked when the coinage of this period is being discussed – at least in recent times – but the story behind this reverse type is among the most revealing in terms of how the emperors tried to use coinage to promulgate messages about themselves. With the exception of a few very rare gold coins (MIR 907 b and d), the IOVI CRESCENTI reverse legend was thought until recently to have been employed only on antoniniani, but two examples are now known of a bronze coin (lot 104), with slight variants in the design from the other denominations.

The inscription IOVI CRESCENTI (‘for the growing Jupiter’, literally) tells us that the child portrayed is Jupiter, but for the story behind the image we have to look to Greek mythology. This records that Cronos, chief among the gods, received a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow him. In order to avoid this fate, he swallowed all his offspring except for Zeus, who was saved by means of a ruse involving a stone wrapped to look like a baby being given to Cronos instead of the child. Zeus was smuggled away by his mother Rhea, and entrusted to the care of a nymph on the island of Crete. At this point the legend begins to split into different versions, however. One names the nymph as Adrasteia, who hid Zeus away in a cave and fed him with the milk of her goat, named Amaltheia. In order to prevent Cronos from hearing the infant crying, she arranged for a group of dancers, known as the Korybantes or Curetes, to drown out the sound by beating their spears on their shields. Another version of the story applies the name Amaltheia to the nymph, rather than the goat, however. She was the recipient of cult worship in Phrygia, and a coin of Apameia (lot 710) depicts Adrasteia holding the infant Zeus, surrounded by the Korybantes. Coins of Synnada (lots 718, 719) again shows Adrasteia / Amaltheia holding the infant, with the goat shown beside her. Whatever the confusion over names, the legends generally agree that the goat was eventually raised into the heavens by Zeus, becoming the star Capella or the constellation Capricorn. One of its horns was broken off and became the cornucopiae (horn of plenty) and its fleece became the aegis, sometimes depicted on coins as worn by emperors (see the chapter on Portraiture).

So why was the image of the infant Jupiter and the Amalthean goat considered appropriate for a coin in the name of Valerian II? For the answer to this question, we have to look both at the ancestry and origins of the imperial family and the type of propaganda which the coins were designed to display. Gallienus traced his ancestry back to the town of Falerii, in Etruria, where Jupiter (the Roman version of Zeus) was particularly honoured, and in an unusual form. An excessively rare gold multiple (MIR 942A), issued in Milan with face-to-face portraits of Gallienus and Salonina on the obverse, makes a direct reference to this. The reverse legend PIETAS FALERI is accompanied by the depiction of two infants being suckled by a she-goat, with an eagle standing on the right and a thunderbolt in the exergue. The presence of the eagle and the thunderbolt indicates that one of the infants is Jupiter, but there has been disagreement over the identity of the other. Babelon (1896, at p. 399) identified the two children as the two versions of Jupiter worshipped at Falerii – Dijovis (good / beneficent Jupiter) and Vejovis (bad / malignant Jupiter). However, Alföldi (1929, repr. 1977, there at pp. 110-115) identified the second child as Saloninus, younger son of Gallienus and Salonina, and interpreted the coin as portraying that prince as the future bringer of a new ‘golden age’.

The explanation for the use of this design on coins of Valerian II now becomes clearer. It can be seen as depicting the young prince – the future of the imperial dynasty – as not only enjoying the protection of Jupiter, the deity most associated with his family heritage, but even being identified with the god in the sense that he is being shown as destined, like Jupiter, to grow into a great and successful ruler and conqueror of his enemies. Tragically, of course, his life was to be cut short by a fatal illness just two years after his elevation to the rank of Caesar.

The cult of Sol

There has been much debate in published works as to the extent of the devotion of the imperial family, and especially of Gallienus, to the cult of the sun-god. This has been touched on in the Portraiture chapter, in connection with the ‘Sol blessing’ bust type, and must also be considered here in the light of the various reverse types in which Sol is named and/or depicted. There is no doubt that Gallienus regarded an association between himself and Sol as something which could be promoted to his advantage, but it is perhaps taking things too far to suggest that he wished to portray himself as the god. This would undoubtedly have been regarded as over-presumptuous by many sections of Roman society. (The story that he liked to appear in public wearing a radiate crown and with gold dust in his hair, even if true, can probably be explained more as an act of extravagant public devotion on ceremonial occasions.)

Sol appears on early emissions from the Rome mint for both Valerian I and Gallienus, in association with datable legends listing imperial titles (e.g. lot 48a of Gallienus, with P M TR P IIII COS III P P, which MIR (p. 75) dates to August AD 255 to August 256). The god is shown wearing a radiate crown, running to left, his cloak flying out behind him. His right hand is raised in the typical gesture of blessing and command discussed above, and he holds a whip – presumably the one used to drive the horses drawing the sun’s chariot across the sky.

(See the representation of this on a provincial coin of Tralles, Lydia (lot 704)).

The most frequently encountered legend associated with Sol at this time is ORIENS AVG(G). The allusion to the rising of the sun is self-evident, and a connection can be deduced between the dawning of a new day, as heralded by the rising sun, and the dawning of a new ‘golden age’ at the instigation of the emperors. It has also been suggested that this may also be a reference to the campaigns of Valerian I on the eastern frontiers of the empire. Certainly more of the coins with this reverse legend were struck during the joint reign of the two emperors, with comparatively few appearing after the capture of Valerian. Most of the coins with this legend show Sol standing, walking or running to the left, with his right hand raised, holding either a whip or a globe, symbolising power over the world, in his left. Examples with whip include, from Rome, lots 45 (quinarius), 60, 72 (sestertii), 61, 62 (Asses) – all from the joint reign – and lots 213c (antoninianus), 240 (denarius) of the sole reign of Gallienus. This type was also used on antoniniani of Cologne (lots 301a-b) and of Milan (lot 445a), and on those of Postumus (lot 590a). Antoniniani showing Sol holding globe include lots 48b (Rome), 307c (Cologne) and 440 (Milan). A very different design accompanied ORIENS AVG at Samosata, where Sol is shown presenting a wreath of victory to Gallienus, standing facing him, holding a sceptre (lot 520a).

Sol standing, raising his right hand and holding a globe, also appears on coins of Antioch with legend SOLI INVICTO (to the undefeated Sol), including one type on which, unusually, he is depicted clothed (lot 515a). This is one of the few occasions on which Sol is actually named in an inscription, most of the others being in the ‘animal series’ (see below).

Sol is also to be found associated with the concept of Aeternitas (eternity), presumably since the rising and setting of the sun are eternal and unchanging aspects of life. By extension this can be seen to buttress the idea of the eternal and unchanging future of the empire under the rule of the Valerianic dynasty. Reverses coupling the image of Sol, holding globe, with AETERN / AETERNIT / AETERNITAS / AETERNITATI AVG(G) can be found on coins of Rome (lots 215, 230), Viminacium (MIR 799-801), Milan (lot 456b), Siscia (MIR 1425), Antioch (lot 503b) and Samosata (lot 516).

An unusual type to be found on antoniniani of Postumus depicts a draped bust of Sol to the right, wearing his radiate crown, accompanied by the legend PACATOR ORBIS (peacemaker of the world) (lot 590c).

In the ‘animal series’ SOLI CONS AVG is accompanied by two very different creatures. Issues from officina A show a winged horse prancing. It normally faces to the right (lots 249, 269a-b), but occasionally to the left (lot 248). This is commonly identified as Pegasus, the mount of Bellerophon in Greek mythology, but it is difficult to identify a connection between this animal and Sol. It may be more reasonable to see it as one of the horses which pulled the chariot of the sun-god across the sky (Carradice 1983, p. 188). On coins of officina XI the

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animal is a bull, again facing normally to the right (lots 263, 267b), but occasionally to the left (MIR 748). The connection of such an animal with Sol may be found in the role of the sun-god as the keeper of herds of oxen. Sacred herds seem to have been associated with his worship (Carradice 1983, p. 193).

The concept and representation of ‘Virtus’

One of the most common reverse inscriptions on coins of all periods of the Roman Empire was VIRTVS AVG(usti). This is usually accompanied by a standing figure in military dress, holding a vertical spear and a shield on the ground. This figure has been identified in catalogues and reference works variously as Mars, the emperor, an ordinary Roman soldier or simply a personification of virtus, and because of its military associations the word is frequently translated as ‘courage’. The word conveyed far more to the Romans than simply bravery in battle, however, although this would undoubtedly have been implied. Rather, virtus covered a range of qualities regarded as desirable at the time in a man and specifically in a ruler. These may be surmised to have included courage, both physical and mental, but also moral rectitude, justice, fairness and good governance. It is not surprising, therefore, that emperors wished to claim virtus for themselves, whether rightly or wrongly, and propagate the message on their coins.

The reigns of Valerian I and Gallienus are noteworthy in particular for the number and variety of designs which accompanied VIRTVS legends on their coins. These are all illustrated in MIR on Tafel 155 and 156, with numbers ranging between 647 and 700. Some of the types are excessively rare, but many are represented in this collection, and they form an interesting group for closer study. Given the external threats to the empire which existed throughout the period, and the constant warfare which these necessitated, it is not surprising that most of the designs are of a military nature, but there are many variations from the standard armed figure with vertical spear and shield on ground. This may be found, however, in various poses, mostly on coins of the Rome mint (lots 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 79, 150, 151, 152, 179), but also occasionally on Milan mint coins (lots 442, 443). It was also used on coins of Postumus (e.g. lots 625, 626).

A variant of this design, confined to the Cologne mint (lot 306b) has the standing helmeted figure holding a small figure of Victory in the right hand and a vertical spear in the left, whereas at Viminacium (lot 275b) the figure holds Victory in the right hand and both a vertical spear and a shield on the ground with the left.

Several similar designs show a helmeted figure striding to the right, carrying a spear and either a trophy of arms or a military standard. The former is found mostly on Rome issues (lots 68c, 82), but occasionally at Viminacium (MIR 829). This figure is usually identified as the god Mars, who is also represented, in the guise of Mars Pacifer (the peacemaker) on Rome issues (lots 214c, 225). Here he is shown holding an olive branch and a vertical sceptre – not the attributes usually associated with the god of war. A slight variant of the ‘striding figure with spear and trophy’ type has the figure with bare head instead of helmeted. This is confined to Rome issues (lot 68a). A Cologne issue shows a laureate figure with spear and military standard (lot 306a).

An issue from the mint of Antioch (lot 513e) depicts Mars in more familiar warlike guise, standing to right and holding spear and shield. The same design appears on antoniniani struck by the general Aureolus for Postumus at Milan, with the legend VIRTVS EQVIT(um) (lot 595). These are part of a series in which various qualities (Concordia, Fides, Pax) are attributed to the Equites – the cavalry units of the mobile field army stationed at Milan.

‘Virtus’ designs which show a figure clearly to be identified as the emperor himself often show him spearing or treading down a fallen enemy. On some of these coins the legend mentions Gallienus by name (VIRT GALLIENI AVG), leaving the viewer in no doubt as to who is represented. Sometimes the emperor is on foot (lots 306c of Cologne and 327 of Milan). On other Milan coins he is on horseback (lots 325, 326). MIR 1406 of Siscia has the legend reading just VIRTVS AVG, as does a Rome issue showing him on horseback and spearing a lion (lot 136).

Another set of designs comprises those depicting a standing figure holding a globe, symbolising power over the world. On some coins of the Rome mint (lots 135a-b, 135c, 170) the figure is helmeted, standing to the left, and holding a sceptre as well as the globe. MIR identifies this figure as Mars, but it could at least equally well be intended to represent the emperor as sovereign ruler of the world. The identification of the figure as Mars was presumably due to him wearing a helmet, but at Viminacium there was an issue depicting a very similar figure, with globe and sceptre, except that he does not wear a helmet, but instead rests his right foot on one. This issue was apparently unknown to Professor Göbl when compiling MIR, and seems to be represented by two otherwise unrecorded coins in this collection (lots 286, 287). A very similar Viminacium coin (lot 288), the only one of its type known to Göbl, shows the same figure, but with reversed vertical spear instead of sceptre. These figures must undoubtedly represent the emperor, as does that on an issue of Siscia (MIR 1405), where he again stands left, holding globe and sceptre (not spear, pace MIR), with a kneeling captive in front and a seated captive behind. A coin in this collection (lot 464) bears the same design but without the seated captive. This was also not known to Göbl. An issue from Antioch (lot 511b) shows a helmeted figure walking right, holding globe and spear. MIR does identify this figure as the emperor, raising a further question as to why the figure on the Rome coins should have been identified as Mars.

The figure of Hercules also appears in a variety of poses. On Rome mint issues (lots 134, 162) he stands facing, looking to right, resting his right hand on his club and holding his bow and the skin of the Nemean lion in his left hand. On an Antioch issue (lot 513d) the pose is similar, but Hercules looks to the left and the bow is not present. He is depicted holding a small object in his left hand, described in RIC as an apple. If so, this must be a reference to the eleventh labour – the theft of the golden apples of the Hesperides. At both Milan (lot 323) and Antioch (lots 502c-d) his right hand rests by his side, while his left hand holds the lion-skin and rests on the club. Another Milan type (lot 430) depicts him as Hercules Pacifer (peacemaker) holding an olive branch in his right hand, while the left holds the club and lion-skin. Postumus also associated Hercules with virtus. An antoninianus with legend VIRTVTI AVGVSTI portrays him standing right, resting his left hand on his club (lot 581b). As on the jugate bust portraits of Postumus and Hercules, the head of the latter closely resembles that of the former, and this is also clear on an issue of Aureolus for Postumus struck at Milan, with legend VIRTVS EQVITVM (lot 596b). Here Hercules is in the same pose, but the club rests on a pile of rocks, and he carries a lion-skin over his left arm.

Some very rare antoniniani from the Rome mint (MIR 349, 350), have reverse VIRTVS FALERI and the quiver, lionskin, club and bow of Hercules. On MIR 349 Gallienus is portrayed wearing the lion-skin head-dress of Hercules. These coins not only depict Gallienus as embodying the qualities of virtus associated with the hero and demi-god Hercules, but also refer to his descent though his mother, Mariniana, from the gens Egnatia in the town of Falerii, in Etruria. (For more on this, see the chapter on The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii.) This portrayal of Gallienus as Hercules, the declamation of his virtus and the reference to his glorious ancestry were all combined with the intention of showing the emperor as hero and saviour of the empire at the beginning of a new ‘golden age’. Bastien (1992, vol. II, p.

376-7) states that the issue of these coins was probably associated with the war against Postumus, who also portrayed himself as Hercules.

Postumus even associated the concept of virtus with Jupiter. A ‘double’ sestertius with legend VIRTVS AVG shows the god striding left, turning his head back to the right and in the act of hurling a thunderbolt with his right hand (lot 624).

There are a number of issues from Siscia and from the eastern mints of Cyzicus and Samosata which fall outside the groups discussed above. A trophy of arms is used with the legend VIRTVTI AVG at Cyzicus, with s bound and seated captive depicted on either side of it (lot 628a), whereas at Siscia (lot 478) the trophy is being crowned with a laurel wreath by the emperor, with just one captive at the foot. At Samosata, as part of a large issue of different types, each depicting two figures face to face, Valerian I and Gallienus are depicted (lot 518b).

The former holds globe and vertical sceptre, the latter spear and figure of Victory.

The overall impression from these varied issues is to propagate the message that the emperor (each emperor during the joint reign)

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has the qualities necessary to be both a successful military commander and an admirable civil governor. Given that, it is surely more probable that the figures depicted on the coins (with the obvious exception of Hercules) should be identified as representing the emperor, rather than Mars or an abstract personification of virtus. The association of Hercules with imperial virtus is an interesting one, and sheds light on how this mythical Greek figure was regarded by the Romans. He was not a god, of course, but a demi-god – a man who by his superhuman achievements had raised himself to divine status. We have seen in the chapter on portraiture how both Gallienus and Postumus liked to have themselves depicted on their coins in the guise of Hercules, and in the chapter on religion and divine protection we have seen how Hercules was included among the deities whose protection and favour was claimed by the emperor. Here we can see that Hercules was seen as embodying the qualities understood as virtus and that the emperor is to be regarded as being his equal in this respect.

‘Restitutor’ types

The role of the emperor as the preserver and renewer of the empire is emphasised most graphically in a series of issues with the word restitutor (restorer) in the reverse legend. Most of these depict the emperor standing left, holding out a hand to raise a kneeling figure, and the accompanying inscription varies from mint to mint. Rome issues for both Valerian I and Gallienus (lots 73a-b, 74) have RESTITVTOR ORBIS (restorer of the world), whereas those for Gallienus from Cologne have RESTITVTOR / RESTITVT / RESTIT GALLIAR(um) – the kneeling figure here representing the provinces of Gaul (lots 304, 305a-b). At the eastern mint of Samosata there are coins of both Valerian I and Gallienus with reverse legend RESTITVT ORIENTIS (of the East), here showing a standing figure with towered head-dress presenting a wreath to the emperor, who stands facing her holding a sceptre (lots 518a, 520b). This presumably reflects the early military successes of the senior emperor on the eastern frontier. Finally, an issue for both emperors at Antioch has the legend RESTITVT GENER HVMANI (restorer of the human race) and depicts Sol walking right, raising his right hand and holding a globe (lot 494b). (See above, The cult of Sol, for other depictions of this deity.)

In AD 268 Postumus also issued ‘Restitutor’ antoniniani. On those styling him as ‘Restitutor Galliarum’ (AGK 71-74) the design is the same as on those of Gallienus, except that, on some coins (AGK 71-72 and 74 (lot 587)) the emperor is shown resting his foot on a seated captive – a clear suggestion that Postumus has restored the provinces of Gaul by his victory over the army of Gallienus. On bronze coins with legend RESTITVTOR GALLIAR the emperor is again shown extending his hand to a kneeling figure, but one who proffers to him a branch, presumably of laurel, although Bastien (1967, p. 122, no. 28) describes it as ‘probablement de gui (mistletoe)’! Postumus also issued coins with the legend REST / RESTITVTOR ORBIS (lots 588, 589), the design being a mirror image of that on the coins of Valerian and Gallienus from Rome, with the emperor now shown standing to the right, extending his hand to the kneeling figure.

‘Good times’ types

The British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan became famous in the 1960s for telling people that they had ‘never had it so good’.

Was he aware that the Romans had tried this tactic on numerous occasions? During the period under consideration here both Valerian I / Gallienus and Postumus used coinage to convey the message that, despite all evidence to the contrary, the empire was experiencing an age of unadulterated contentment.

Issues of this type were struck mainly at frontier mints, which may be significant.

At Viminacium antoniniani bore the reverse legends TEMPORVM FELICITAS (happiness of the times) (lot 283a) and SAECVLI FELICITAS (happiness of the era) (lots 283b-c). Both show an allegorical figure of Felicitas, holding a long caduceus (symbol of health) and a cornucopiae (symbol of plenty / abundance). A very rare issue from the same mint (MIR 814) bears the legend LAETIT(ia) TEMP(orum) (joy of the times) and the image of the infant Jupiter riding on the Amalthean goat (see above chapter entitled The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii.)

Rare antoniniani from Siscia bear the legends FELICITAS SAECVLI (MIR 1431) and SAECVLI FEL (MIR 1442). The former has the same allegorical figure as the Viminacium coins, but the latter has a figure standing left, resting one foot on the prow of a ship and holding a small statue of Victory. This is unlikely to refer to a naval victory, however, The ship doubtless represents the imported corn supply, secured as a result of military success.

Antoniniani from Antioch bearing the legend FELICITAS SAECVLI and the figure of Diana carrying a torch (lot 495a) have been mentioned above in the chapter entitled Religion and divine protection – the goddess shown as bearing light into the new ‘golden age’.

SAECVLI FELICITAS also occurs on commonly encountered antoniniani of Postumus, struck in AD 266/267 (lot 590d). Here it is the emperor himself who is the guarantor of good fortune, however, shown standing right, holding globe and spear. The issue with legend SAECVLO FRVGIFERO (for a fruitful era) and caduceus, discussed above in connection with Mercury, is also to be associated with the same propaganda campaign (lot 576a).

Notes on ‘common’ types Some reverse types are so common, both during this period and throughout the Empire, that commenting on their iconography might seem superfluous. However self-evident the messages conveyed may appear, there are nevertheless some details which may not be immediately apparent, and the following notes on some types which are represented several times in this collection may still be useful.

ABVNDANTIA: Like Annona, Abundantia refers specifically to the corn supply. The figure is shown emptying grain onto the ground from a cornucopiae.

AEQVITAS: Aequitas was the personification of equity / justice in the specifically commercial sense. The emperor is to be seen as administering financial matters in an equitable manner. The figure normally holds a set of scales and a cornucopiae, thus combining fair trading with wealth.

ANNONA: The occurrence of ANNONA in a reverse legend is usually accompanied by a figure representing the corn supply, specifically to the city of Rome, the protection of which was one of the emperor’s most important duties. The figure often holds ears of corn and a cornucopiae, and a modius, or corn-measure, stands nearby. Since most of the grain had to be imported by sea, largely from North Africa, via the port of Ostia, the prow of a ship is also frequently included in the coin design, as occasionally is a rudder.

FECVNDITAS: Confined to coins of empresses (except for unintentional hybrids), Fecunditas symbolised their vital role of providing heirs to the principate. The figure is invariably shown with one or more children.

FELICITAS: ‘Happiness’ in the specific sense of prosperity, particularly commercial. The figure normally holds a caduceus, traditionally the staff carried by Mercury, who was regarded as the patron deity of trade, and a cornucopiae as a symbol of wealth.

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FORTVNA: The personification of good fortune is usually depicted holding a rudder, suggestive of steering or guidance, and a cornucopiae representing prosperity. A wheel is sometimes visible nearby, as a reminder of how fortunes can change. As FORTVNA REDVX (‘the leader back’) she is the guarantor of safe return from a journey.

GENIVS: The figure of a Genius which occurs on some coins as a young male has nothing to do with the modern association of the word with abnormal brain power. He represents the abstract concept of the ‘spirit’ of the emperor, and hence of his Empire, or occasionally of bodies such as the army.

INDVLGENTIA: The exact meaning of Indulgentia in this context is unknown, but rather than simply suggesting that the emperor was a kind and generous person, it probably signifies some specific grant of favour by him. The attributes of the figure vary considerably, supporting the theory that each ‘indulgence’ was a separate event. On some Rome mint coins she is seated, holding branch and sceptre (lots 204, 205, 206ab), but on others (lot 222c) she leans on a column, holding a cornucopiae and pointing with a rod at a wheel at her feet. On Milan coins (lot 444) she is shown in the guise of Spes, holding a flower and raising a fold of her robe.

LIBERALITAS: The occurrence of Liberalitas on coins can be assumed in most cases to be associated with specific distributions of money or favours by an emperor. The figure usually holds a cornucopiae – symbol of wealth – and an item often described as a tessera. This may be a writing tablet listing the names of recipients of imperial largesse, or alternatively an abacus for use in monetary calculations (Melville Jones 1990, p. 168).

LIBERTAS: The figure representing Liberty is shown holding a pileus and a sceptre. The pileus was a hat of generally conical form which was given to freed slaves, and it thus became a symbol of liberty. (In the eighteenth century this item of headgear became confused with the ‘Phrygian cap’, a similar item but one which curled over at the top, and the latter is often found in French Revolutionary symbolism and in that of South American liberation movements.)

PAX: It is worth noting that, at a time of continuous warfare, both within and across the imperial frontiers, the ubiquitous figure of Peace, holding an olive branch, is one of the most frequently encountered reverse types. Was this simply an attempt to delude the population? Perhaps up to a point, but to the Romans peace was something usually achieved by military conquest, so it must be seen as a result of victory not amicable co-existence. Even the historian Tacitus, in his imaginative recording of the pre-battle speech by Calgacus, chief of the Caledonii, coined the well-known condemnation of the Romans that ‘where they create a desolation, they call it peace’ (ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant, Tacitus, Agricola, 30). The legend PAX FVNDATA (peace established) accompanying a trophy of arms and two seated captives on antoniniani from Antioch (lots 511a, 512a) reinforces this concept.

PIETAS: In addition to the obvious meaning of religious observance, Pietas also encompassed duty to family, and on coins of empresses the figure is frequently accompanied by one or more children.

PVDICITIA: Pudicitia is a personification of female modesty (represented by the veil normally worn by the accompanying figure) and chastity.

SALVS: This may refer to the health and well-being of the emperor - AVG(usti) – and hence of the empire embodied in him, or else of other specified people or groups, e.g the army – EXERCITVS. The figure representing Salus is usually shown feeding a snake, either held in her arms or coiled around an altar, thus associating the abstract concept with the cult of Aesculapius, whose attribute is the serpent-coiled staff.

SECVRITAS: The personification of safety is often depicted leaning on a column – a symbol of solidity and security. The legend SECVRITAS AVG(G) infers less the safety of the emperor personally but rather that which he is to be seen as providing for the Empire.

SPES: The figure representing ‘hope’ alludes to an imperial promise of a better future, and for this reason is often found on coins of young princes who represent this future (SPES PVBLICA). On occasions, however, SPES AVG(usti) can also be found on coins of a reigning emperor, and during this period forms part of Gallienus’s propaganda concerning the new ‘golden age’ which he is to be seen as providing for the Empire.

VBERITAS: Perhaps one of the least understood of the ‘personifications’, Uberitas (or Ubertas) represents fruitfulness. The figure holds a cornucopiae and an object usually described in catalogues as a purse. The latter has also been seen as bunch of grapes and, apparently, as a cow’s udder, which is the English translation of the Latin word uber (Melville Jones 1990, p. 312).

Final thoughts

The purpose of this paper has been to afford those collectors who may not have knowledge of, or access to, a full range of academic publications a glimpse into the thinking behind the designs and inscriptions on the Roman coinage of this period. At the beginning of every tutorial which I provided for university students, it was my custom to remark that everything which appeared on a Roman coin was there for a purpose. One of the great sources of enjoyment in numismatic study is to look in detail at what is on a coin and to discover why. Moneta loquitur, as a Roman might have said – ‘money talks’, and it tells us a great deal about the image which emperors wished to create and propagate about themselves and the benefits of their rule.

It has not been possible to discuss every reverse type in these pages, but notes are provided in individual catalogue entries for other notable coins. Even the outwardly least interesting coins can be appreciated better if viewed with a background knowledge of the underlying purpose behind the coinages of the Valerianic dynasty and of the contemporary issues of Postumus. In summary these may be seen in the following terms.

In the years immediately following the accession of Valerian I in AD 253 and his appointment of Gallienus as joint emperor, it was vital to legitimise their rule and to secure the support of the army. This was to be done by a combination of dynastic references, both backwards and forwards, portraying the emperors as fit to rule and as the begetters of a secure line of succession, while capable of winning the military victories necessary to protect the empire from external threats. This developed into the vision of the beginning of a new ‘golden age’ through the qualities and achievements of the imperial family, and particularly of Gallienus. This became the overriding theme in the 260s AD, after the capture of Valerian I and the deaths of the two princes when, unsurprisingly, dynastic references were no longer to be found.

The rebellion of Postumus and the establishment of the Gallic Empire led to the situation where each emperor sought to justify his own claims over those of the other by means of the coinage. Each can be seen to have followed the example of the other in the use of imperial

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portraiture, reverse types and inscriptions. It is a valid question to ask how many of the people through whose hands the various coin issues passed actually registered what was to be seen on them, and how many of those really cared! In answer to this, it may be equally valid to assert that, from the emperor’s point of view, not many of them needed to care. The propaganda was aimed at those who were in a position to affect the emperor’s position and authority – the governing classes and the military. The former were the most likely to have been able to understand the references contained in the coin designs and legends, and the latter would have been paid in newly minted coins. Is it too fanciful to imagine that a distribution of coins to ordinary soldiers might have been accompanied by an adlocutio – a public address – by an officer, drawing attention to the achievements and qualities of their emperor as depicted on the coins, especially when there were complimentary references to the army itself?

Bibliography General works A. Alföldi, Studien zur Geschichte der Weltkrise des 3. Jahrhunderts nach Christus, Darmstadt, 1967.

A. Banti. I Grandi Bronzi Imperiali. Philippvs I ………. Postumus. Firenze 1987.

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P. Bastien. Le Buste Monétaire des Empereurs Romains, 3 vols., Wetteren. 1992.

E. Besly & R. Bland. The Cunetio Treasure: Roman Coinage of the Third Century AD. London. 1983.

George C. Brauer, Jr. The Age of the Soldier Emperors. Imperial Rome, A.D. 244-284. Noyes Press, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1975.

John Bray. Gallienus. A Study in Reformist and Sexual Politics. Wakefield Press, Kent Town, South Australia, 1997.

S.A. Cook, F.E. Adcock, M.P. Charlesworth and N.H. Baynes (eds). The Cambridge Ancient History volume XII. The Imperial Crisis and

Recovery A.D. 193-324. Cambridge University Press, repr. 1989.

James W. Curtis, Tetradrachms of Roman Egypt. Reprinted, Durst, New York, 1990.

Lukas de Blois. The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus. Brill, Leiden, 1976.

Michael Geiger. Gallienus. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, 2013.

F. Gnecchi. I medaglioni Romani. 3 Vols. Milan. 1912. (Reprinted) R. Göbl. Die Münzprägung der Kaiser Valerianus I. / Gallienus / Saloninus (253/268), Regalianus (260) und Macrianus / Quietus

(260/262) (= Moneta Imperii Romani 36, 43, 44), 2 vols. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. 2000.

P. Hill. The Monuments of Ancient Rome as Coin Types. Seaby, London, 1989.

Cathy. E. King, Roman Quinarii from the Republic to Diocletian and the Tetrarchy. Oxford, 2007.

H.C. Lindgren. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints from the Lindgren Collection. Chrysopylon, San Mateo, CA (1989).

H.C. Lindgren. Lindgren III. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection. Chrysopylon, San Mateo, CA (1993).

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Mateo, CA (1985) I.D. MacDonald, Coinage of Aphrodisias, London. 1992.

Erika Manders. Coining Images of Power. Patterns in the Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, A.D. 193-284. Brill,

Leiden and Boston, 2012.

J. Melville Jones. A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins, Spink, London, 1990.

J.G. Milne. Catalogue of Alexandrian Coins. Spink, London (1971).

MIR = Göbl, R. (2000).

B. Pick. Die Antiken Mūnzen Nord-Griechenlands, Vol. I, part 1. Dacien und Moesien. Berlin, 1898 N. Pollard and J. Berry. The Complete Roman Legions. Thames and Hudson, London, 2012.

M.J. Price and B.L. Trell. Coins and their Cities. Architecture on the ancient coins of Greece, Rome and Palestine. Vecchi, London (1977).

N. Roymans, Ethnic Identity and Imperial Power: The Batavians in the Early Roman Empire. Vol. 10. Amsterdam University Press, 2004.

D. Schaad & J. Lafaurie. Le trésor d’Eauze. Association pour la promotion de l’archéologie et des musées archéologiques en Midi- Pyrénées. Toulouse. 1992.

B. Schulte. Die Goldprägung der Gallischen Kaiser von Postumus bis Tetricus. Sauerländer, Aaarau, Frankfurt am Main und Salzburg, 1983.

H-J. Schulzki. Die Antoninianprägung der Gallischen Kaiser von Postumus bis Tetricus (AGK), Habelt, Bonn, 1996.

D.R. Sear. Greek Imperial Coins and their Values, Seaby, London (1982) S.W. Stevenson, A Dictionary of Roman Coins, 1889, repr. Seaby, London, 1964.

C. Wolkow, Catalogue des Monnaies Romaines. Gallien. L’Émission dite “du Bestiaire”. Atelier de Rome. Éditions BNUMIS, Besançon,

2017.

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Papers on specific topics R. Abdy. ‘A New Coin Type of Gallienus Found in Hertfordahire’, Numismatic Chronicle 162 (2002), 346-50.

A. Alföldi. ‘The Numbering of the Victories of the Emperor Gallienus and the Loyalty of his Legions’, Numismatic Chronicle 9th series, no.

35/36 (1929), 218-279 (reprinted Attic Books 1977).

M. Amandry. ‘Le Monnayage de la Res Publica Coloniae Philippensium: Nouvelles Données’ in FIDES. Contributions to Numismatics in

Honor of Richard B. Witschonke, ANS, New York, 2015, 495-507.

E. Babelon. ‘Médaillon d’or de Gallien et Salonine’, Revue Numismatique, Troisième Série, Tome Quatorzième (Quatrième trimester 1896),

397-424.

C. Brenot. ‘Valérien Jeune était-il myste d’Isis’, Revue Numismatique, VIe Série, Tome XV (1973), 157-65.

I. Carradice, ‘Appendix 5. The Animals on the ‘Cons Aug’ Coins of Gallienus’, in E. Besly & R. Bland, The Cunetio Treasure. Roman

Coinsge of the Third Century AD, London (1983), pp. 188-94.

R.A.G. Carson. ‘Internuntius Deorum. A New Type for Postumus and its Place in the Series’, in Congrès International de Numismatique

Paris 6-11 Juillet 1953. Actes. Tome Deuxième, Paris 1957, pp. 259-71.

M. Christol, ‘Autour des travaux d’Hercule: Postume et Gallien’, Revue Numismatique 171 (2014), 179-93.

J-M. Doyen, ‘Die stilistische Entwicklung der Münzikonographie unter den Kaisern Valerian I. und Gallienus (253-268 n. Chr.) II. Die

Münzstätte Viminacium”, Geldgeschichtliche Nachrichten 107 (1985), 108-110.

J-M Doyen, ‘La creation des types iconographiques romains tardifs: à propos d’une émission exceptionelle frappée à Milan en l’honneur de Gallien’, Mélanges de Numismatique offerts à Pierre Bastien à l’occasion de son 75e anniversaire, édités par H. Huvelin, M.

Christol, G. Gautier, Wetteren 1987, pp. 85-103, and Plates 8-9.

J-M. Doyen. ‘A propos d’un binio de Gallien (Rome, mi-260-261 apres J.-C.’, in Jean Elsen Liste 102 (Septembre – Octobre 1987), pp. 2-3.

S. Grunauer-von Hoerschelmann, ‘Die Mūnzen der Lakedaimonier’, AMuGS VII, Berlin (1978).

P.V. Hill, ‘Aspects of Jupiter on Coins of the Rome Mint A.D. 65-318’, Numismatic Chronicle 6th series, Vol XX (1960), 113-28.

N.M.McQ. Holmes, ‘Two medallions of the Valerianic dynasty’, XIII Congreso Internacional de Numismatica, Madrid, 2003, Band I,

Madrid, 2005 (ed. C Alfaro Asins et al), 759-62.

N.M.McQ. Holmes, ‘Were “Non-Local” Medallions of the Valerianic Dynasty struck at the Mint of Viminacium?’, Numismatic Chronicle

177 (2017a), 149-52.

N.M.McQ. Holmes, ‘Some Notes on the IOVI CRESCENTI Coinage of Valerian II’, Numismatic Chronicle 177 (2017b), 153-8.

N.M.McQ. Holmes, ‘The Development of Imperial Portraiture on the Coinage of Gallienus (AD 253-268)’, forthcoming, Numismatic Chronicle 179 (2019a).

N.M.McQ. Holmes, ‘Notes on Some Gold Coins of Gallienus and Saloninus’, forthcoming, Numismatic Chronicle 179 (2019b).

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Milano 9-14 maggio 1983, Milano 1984.

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Jacques Meissonnier. ‘La Representation des Fleuves sur les Monnaies Romaines’, in La Loire et les Fleuves de la Gaule Romaine et des

Régions Voisines (ed. R. Bedon et A. Malissard) (= Caesarodunum XXXIII – XXXIV, 1999-2000), pp. 515-45.

Stefan Merten, ‘Gallienus als Mercurius Novus – Ein unedierter Antoninian’, Numismatische Nachrichtenblatt, Juni 1989, 140.

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L. Okamura. ‘Jupiter, Lord of Cantabra’, Klio 74 (1992), 314-323.

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d’Études Numismatiques Volume 44, No. 3 Septembre-Décembre 2007, 341-50.

J.-C. Thiry, ‘Une legion nouvelle dans la série “V pia V fidelis” de Gallien (Milan, 260)’, Bulletin du Cercle d’Études Numismatiques,

Volume 45, No. 3 (Septembre-Décembre 2008), 65-79.

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M. Thys, ‘Le type “Castor” dans le monnayage de Postume’, Bulletin du Cercle d’Études Numismatiques, Volume 30, No. 4 (Octobre –

Decembre 1993), 73-85.

R.D. Weigel, ‘Gallienus’ “Animal Series” Coins and Roman Religion’, Numismatic Chronicle 150 (1990), 135-43.

D. Woods. ‘From Caracalla to Carausius: the radiate lion with thunderbolt in its jaws’, British Numismatic Journal 88 (2018), 189-94.

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PART 1: THE VALERIANIC DYNASTY The catalogue is ordered according to MIR 36, the most recently published comprehensive catalogue of this series. Types not included in this catalogue, but which can be fitted into the system utilised, are indicated as. e.g., MIR - [123x]. References are also given to RIC and, where appropriate, to other works and to the published catalogues of major hoards.

Chalfont St. Peter = C. Cheesman, ‘Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire’, in R. Bland (ed.), The Chalfont Hoard

and other Roman coin hoards (= Coin Hoards from Roman Britain vol. IX), London. 1992. (pp. 154Cunetio = E. Besly & R. Bland. The Cunetio Treasure: Roman Coinage of the Third Century AD. London.

1983.

Eauze = D. Schaad & J. Lafaurie. Le trésor d’Eauze. Association pour la promotion de l’archéologie et des

musées archéologiques en Midi-Pyrénées. Toulouse. 1992.

Market Deeping = I.A. Carradice, ‘The Market Deeping, Lincs, Hoard’ in A.M. Burnett (ed.), Coin Hoards from

Roman Britain Volume 1V, London 1984, pp. 45-62.

Normanby = R. Bland and A. Burnett, ‘Normanby, Lincolnshire’, in R. Bland and A. Burnett (eds), The

Normanby Hoard and other Roman coin hoards (Coin Hoards from Roman Britain vol. VII),

London. 1988. (pp. 114-215).

Stevenage = R. Bland, ‘Stevenage, Hertfordshire’, in R. Bland and A. Burnett (eds), The Normanby Hoard and

other Roman coin hoards (Coin Hoards from Roman Britain vol. VII), London. 1988 ( pp. 43-73).

205).

Mint of Rome

1.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.44 g, 12h). Hybrid with reverse of Aemilian. Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVAT, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; small figure of emperor to left. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Near VF, porous. Extremely rare unpublished hybrid. ($100) Bought from Coincraft, London, 1991.

This coin seems to have been struck with a re-used reverse die of Aemilian (RIC 4, Cunetio 426). The combination of type and legend is otherwise unrecorded for the Valerianic period.

2.

2a Lot of two (2) coins.

2b

($100)

2a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.78 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / P M TR P II COS II P P, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 4d; RIC V (joint reign) 141; Cunetio 445. Near VF, porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991. Ex Dorchester, Dorset, Hoard (1936) [IRBCH 470].

2b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.57 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 25v; RIC V (joint reign) 143; Cunetio 545. Good VF, lightly toned, minor green deposits.

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3. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 18.39 g, 11h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / LIBE[RA]LIT[AS] AVGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 9dd; RIC V (joint reign) 220 var. (bust type); Banti 30 var. (obv. legend). VF, green-brown patina with some porosity. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the ANS). ($200) Ex Lanz 60 (11 June 1992), lot 856.

The object described in catalogues as a tessera may be a writing tablet listing the names of recipients of imperial largesse, or alternatively an abacus for use in monetary calculations (Melville Jones 1990, p. 168).

4 5 6 4. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (25mm, 9.13 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / LIBER[ALITA]S AVGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 9hh; RIC V (joint reign) 270. Near VF, rough green patina, spots of active corrosion. Extremely rare, only one piece noted in MIR (in the ANS). ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

5.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA AVGG, clasped hands. MIR 36, – [13d], RIC V –. VF, lightly toned, faint deposits. ($150) Ex Heidelberger Münzhandlung 55 (24 May 2011), lot 316.

This is s hybrid using a reverse die of Gallienus, apparently only the second recorded example. The first, from the same dies, was discussed and illustrated by Thiry (2007).

6. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26.5mm, 15.39 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CON[CORDIA] AVGG, clasped hands; S C below. MIR 36, 13bb; RIC V (joint reign) 208; Banti 8. Fine, brown patina with spots of bare metal. ($100) Ex Kovacs X (18 May 1990), lot 496.

7. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (26mm, 11.81 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA AVGG, clasped hands; S C below. MIR 36, 13gg; RIC V (joint reign) 264 var. (bust type). VF, thick green patina. ($100) Ex Kovacs XI (19 June 1993), lot 347.

26

8 9 8.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 19.02 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed(?) bust right / CONCORDIA EXERCIT, Concordia standing left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 15g; RIC V 155; Banti 5. VF, brown patina, some deposits. ($100) Bought from Byzantium, 1994.

An unusual portrait. MIR illustrates another coin from the same dies, in the collections of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, and describes the portrait as being that of Gallienus.

9.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 12.86 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. [IMP] C P LIC VALERIANVS IIIG (sic), laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA EXRCIT (sic), Concordia standing left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 15g var. (legends); RIC V 155 var. (same); Banti 5 var. (same). VF, brown patina, slightly double struck. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987.

The errors in the obverse and reverse legends are directly opposite each other on the two sides of the coin, suggesting a possible striking flaw rather than die-sinker’s errors.

10 11 10.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (22.5mm, 7.87 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / CONCORDIA EXERCIT, Concordia standing left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 15m; RIC V 191 corr. (Concordia standing, not seated). Near VF, green patina, minor edge split. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

11. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (32mm, 14.38 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate bust right with aegis on chest / CONCORDIA EXERCIT, Concordia standing left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 15z var. (bust type); RIC V (joint reign) 209 var. (same); Banti 10 (same dies). VF, thick green patina, minor deposits. Exquisite portait. ($100) Ex Auctiones AG 26 (16 September 1996), lot 1064.

13 12 12. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (30.5mm, 20.39 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA EXERCIT, Concordia standing left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 15cc; RIC V (joint reign) 209; Banti 14. Near VF, brown patina, roughness. ($100) Bought from Seifert, Cologne, 1983.

13.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 14.53 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed(?) bust right / FELICITAS AVG[G], Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 20g; RIC V 157 var. (obv. legend); Banti 7 var. (same). VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

27

14.

14a Lot of three (3) coins.

14b

14c

($150)

14a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.53 g, 5h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. MIR 36, 22d; RIC V 89; Cunetio 441. EF. Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993. Ex Glendinings (7 July 1993), lot 11.

14b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.33 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C LIC VALERIANVS AVG (sic), radiate and draped bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. MIR 36, 22d var. (obv. legend); RIC V 89 var. (same); Cunetio 441 var. (same). VF, toned, red deposits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1982.

An example of a die-sinker’s error in the obverse legend.

14c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.82 g, 5h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MLITVM (sic) , Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. MIR 36, 22d var. (rev. legend); RIC V 89 var. (same); Cunetio 441 var. (same). Good VF, toned.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

An example of a die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

15.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28.5mm, 18.13 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES M[ILI]TVM, Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand; S C across field. MIR 36, 22k; RIC V 160; Banti 10. VF, green patina. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1994.

16 17 16. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (14.5mm, 1.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate bust right, left shoulder draped / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 23w var. (bust type); RIC V (joint reign) 189 var. (same); King 23e (this coin). Good Fine, toned. ($300) Bought from Spink, 1988. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVI.4 (May 1988), no. 2803; Spink Numismatic Circular XCI.3 (April 1983), no.

1763.

17.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.97 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVAT, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 24d; RIC V 92; Cunetio 443; Normanby –; Stevenage –; Chalfont –; Eauze –. VF, lightly toned, minor porosity. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

The spelling CONSERVAT on coins of this issue with this reverse type seems to be rare. CONSERVA and CONSERVATORI are the more common spellings.

28

18

19

18.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 20.62 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / [IOV]I CONSERVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 25g; RIC V 162 var. (bust type); Banti 12 var. (bust type). VF, green patina, a few light scratches and marks, double struck. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993. Ex Henry Platt Hall Collection (Part II, Glendining, 16 November 1950), lot 1921 (part of).

19.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28.5mm, 21.11 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 27g; RIC V –; Banti –. Near VF, green patina with earthen deposits, light cleaning scratches. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (referencing Kellner, JNG 28/29 [1978/79], who records it from a Bavarian hoard). ($200) Bought from David Miller, 1998.

20. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 14.54 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 27bb; RIC V (joint reign) 231; Banti 50. Near EF, dark green patina, shallow scrape below chin, hairline flan crack. ($750) Ex Alain Lagrange Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 76, 12 September 2007), lot 1602.

21

22

21.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 5.47 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing left, holding sceptre and feeding snake rising from altar. MIR 36, 29d; RIC V 121; Cunetio 446. EF, toned. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 2000. Ex New York Sale III (7 December 2000), lot 755.

An unusually thick and heavy flan.

22.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (27.5mm, 21.86 g, 11h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing left, holding sceptre in left hand and feeding from patera a snake rising from an altar; S C across field. MIR 36, 29g; RIC V 173 var. (obv. legend); Banti 21 var. (obv. legend). Good VF, brown patina. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KMH [Vienna]). ($500) Bought from Seaby, 1985. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 800 (May 1985), no. C166.

29

24 23 23.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (22mm, 7.91 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / [SA]LVS AVGG, Salus standing left, holding sceptre in left hand and feeding from patera a snake rising from an altar; [S] C across field. MIR 36, 29m; RIC V –. VF, green patina, some porosity.

Rare. ($300) Ex Douglas O. Rosenberg Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 72, 14 June 2006), lot 1684.

24. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 19.71 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing left, holding sceptre in left hand and feeding from patera a snake rising from an altar; S C across field. MIR 36, 29bb; RIC V – (rev. type of Valerian I, as 173); Banti –. Near VF, dark green patina, light roughness. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KMH [Vienna]). ($150) Bought from David Miller, 1999.

25 26 25.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29mm, 22.37 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; S C across field. MIR 36, 30g; RIC V 177; Banti 27. VF, brown-green patina, minor flan flaws on reverse. Struck on a broad flan. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1987. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 826 (December 1987), no. C617.

26.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 21.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTO[RIA AVG]G, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; S C across field. MIR 36, 30g; RIC V 177; Banti 27. Near VF, green patina with brown highlights, rotated double strike. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

An unusual mis-strike.

27 28 27.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (24mm, 6.25 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; S C across field.

MIR 36, 30m; RIC V 200. Good VF, green patina with spots of bare metal. ($100) Bought from David Cavanagh, Edinburgh, 1976.

28. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 17.39 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; S C across field. MIR 36, 30dd; RIC V (joint reign) 243; Banti 69. Near VF, dark brown patina. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1979.

30

29 30 29. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (16mm, 1.28 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, right hand on shield, left holding palm. MIR 36, 31y; RIC V (joint reign) 193 corr. (bust type); King 30. VF, toned, minor deposit, thin scratch, slightly ragged edge. ($500) Ex Burgan 25 (18 June 1991), lot 531.

Possible Re-Used Die Of Aemilian 30.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (25mm, 12.28 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP [C P L]IC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VI[CT]ORIA AVGG, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 32g; RIC V 177. VF, dark green patina, light cleaning scratches. ($150) Ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 1 (25 June 2017), lot 1189.

MIR records 4 specimens of this coin, all apparently from the same reverse die. This seems likely to be a re-used and recut die of Aemilian (RIC 52), with a second G rather uncomfortably added at the end of the legend.

31 32 31.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 17.34 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus / soldier standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding spear; S C across field. MIR 36, 38g; RIC V 182; Banti 33. VF, brown and green patina, lightly smoothed. ($200) Bought from Seaby, 1982.

MIR Plate Coin – Ex Niclovits Collection 32.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (25mm, 7.56 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus / soldier standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding spear; S C across field. MIR 36, 38m (this coin illustrated); RIC V 204. VF, green patina, thin flan cracks. ($500) Ex Lanz 60 (11 June 1992), lot 849; Niclovits Collection (Hamburger, 19 October 1925), lot 1446.

33. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.22 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus / soldier standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding spear. MIR 36, 38t; RIC V (joint reign) 181; Cunetio 548. Good VF, toned. Struck on a broad flan. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1983. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

An unusual portrait, with elongated head.

31

35 34 34. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 21.5 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus / soldier standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding spear; S C across field. MIR 36, 38dd; RIC V (joint reign) 248; Banti 83. VF, green patina with small areas of red. ($300) Bought from Seaby, 1981. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 750 (February 1981), no. C93.

35. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (25mm, 8.98 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus / soldier standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding spear; S C across field. MIR 36, 38ff; RIC V (joint reign) 286. Near VF, green patina, a few short scratches. ($100) Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1981.

36 37 36.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 13.13 g, 11h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within laurel wreath. MIR 36, 40g; RIC V 184; Banti 37 corr. (bust type). Good VF, green and brown patina, smoothing, details strengthened. ($200) Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 183.

The reverse appears to have been struck from a die previously used for coins of Aemilian; see HCC 25.

37. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 13.85 g, 11h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate bust right with aegis on chest / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within laurel wreath. MIR 36, 40z (where described as ‘left shoulder draped’); RIC V (joint reign) 250 var. (bust type); Banti 89. VF, green patina with light green deposits, slightly irregular flan. ($100) Bought from David Miller 2001.

38 39 38. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (29mm, 15.22 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within laurel wreath. MIR 36, 40bb; RIC V (joint reign) 250; Banti 90. Good VF, brown and green patina. ($200) Bought from Gavin Manton, 1991.

39. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (23.5mm, 7.03 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within laurel wreath. MIR 36, 40gg (1) (S C on rev.); RIC V –. VF, brown patina. ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1988.

32

40 41 40. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (22mm, 7.88 g, 11h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS within laurel wreath. MIR 36, 40gg (2) (no S C on rev.); RIC V –. Near VF, brown patina, heavily smoothed. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1986. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

41. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (22.5mm, 6.63 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI C[ONSE]RVA, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock; S C across field. MIR 36, 42ff; RIC V (joint reign) 262 var. (obv. legend). Fine, green patina. ($100) Bought from Byzantium, 2000.

42.

42a

42b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($100)

42a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.40 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI PROPVG, Apollo standing right, drawing bow. MIR 36, 44d; RIC V 74; Cunetio 437. Good VF, toned, thin flan crack.

42b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.08 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding branch and resting left hand on lyre set on rock. MIR 36, 72c; RIC V 72; Cunetio 468. Good VF, toned, minor porosity.

43 44 43.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 14.30 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / APOL[INI] PROPVG, Apollo standing right, drawing bow; S C across field. MIR 36, 44g; RIC V 153; Banti 4. Near VF, dark green patina,light cleaning scratches. Rare. ($200) Bought from Byzantium, 1999.

44.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 15.97 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / MAR[TI PAC]I[F], Mars walking left, holding olive branch, spear and shield; S C across field. MIR 36, 47bb; RIC V (joint reign) 225; Banti 34. Fine, green patina with red encrustation. ($75) Ex London Ancient Coins 33 (28 February 2014), lot 280.

33

45.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Quinarius (14.5mm, 1.17 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, 49f; RIC V 148; King 19. VF, toned, thin flan crack. Struck on a broad flan. ($500) Ex Burgan 25 (18 June 1991), lot 530.

46 47 46. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26.5mm, 14.71 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / SECVRITAS AVGG, Securitas standing facing, head left, leaning on column, right hand raised, left holding transverse sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 52bb; RIC V (joint reign) 237; Banti 59.

Good Fine, green patina, faint earthen deposits. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987.

47.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 17.02 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st issue, AD 253-254. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VESTA, Vesta standing left, holding patera and transverse sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 54g (same rev. die as illustration); RIC V 175; Banti 23 (same rev. die [line drawing of BN specimen]). Near VF, green patina with brown highlights, light cleaning scratches. Extremely rare, only one example noted by MIR (in the BN [Paris]). ($500) Ex ArtCoins Roma 9 (29 April 2014), lot 766.

MIR (p. 79) suggests that this single reverse die, used for both Valerian and Gallienus, may have been prepared for striking sestertii for Cornelia Supera, wife of Aemilianus, but never used for this purpose. Reverses depicting Vesta are certainly found more frequently on coins issued for empresses than for emperors.

48.

48a Lot of two (2) coins.

48b

($75)

48a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.39 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P IIII COS III P P, Sol walking left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, 59q; RIC V (joint reign) 119; Cunetio 568. Near EF, toned, deposits on reverse, some cleaning scratches.

Ex Glendining’s (8 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

48b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.52 g, 12h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 257+. IMP VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe. MIR 36, 183a; RIC V 107; Cunetio 521. Good VF, toned.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

34

49 50 49.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (22mm, 7.48 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P V COS IIII P P, emperor seated left, holding globe and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 63k; RIC V 189 corr. (rev. legend). ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

50.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 22.32 g, 1h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / LIBERALITA[S A]VGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 66h; RIC V 165 var. (bust type); Banti 13. VF, brown patina, double struck. ($200) Ex Glendining’s (9 October 1989), lot 764; University of Rochester, NY Collection (Part II, Bowers and Ruddy, 10 June 1980), lot 427.

Very Rare Denomination

51.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ dupondius (26.5mm, 13.56 g, 7h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate and draped bust right / LIBERALITAS AVGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, – (as 66, but no dupondius listed for Valerian I); RIC V 185. Near VF, rough brown patina, scuff on obverse. Extremely rare. ($200) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987.

Dupondii of this period are all exceptionally rare. For a similar specimen to this coin, possibly from the same dies, see the Vierordt collection sale at Schulman, Amsterdam, 1923, lot 2313.

MIR Plate Coin

52.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (23mm, 8.89 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / LIBERALITAS AVGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 66i (this coin illustrated); RIC V 196 var. (obv. legend and bust type). VF, green patina with patches of red, minor roughness on reverse. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1993. Ex Jacquier FPL 15 (Summer 1993), no. 416.

MIR places this coin in Issue 2, with P F in obverse legend, although this part of the legend is off the flan. It could equally be MIR – [9m] of Issue 1

35

53 54 53. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26.5mm, 17.33 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / LIBERAL[ITA]S AVGG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 66s; RIC V (joint reign) 221; Banti 30. Good VF, brown patina, minor deposits, some peripheral weakness. ($300) Bought from Seaby, 1987.

54.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.35 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LIBERALITAS AVGG, Valerian I and Gallienus seated left; between them, Valerian II standing left. MIR 36, 68c; RIC V 102 corr. (bust type and rev. description); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Stevenage –; Chalfont –; Eauze 1157. Near VF, some porosity. Very rare, only nine recorded by MIR, including the one in the Eauze hoard; missing from other major hoards. ($300) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1991. Ex Jacquier FPL 13 (Autumn 1991), no. 257.

This issue is discussed by Daniel Schaad in Eauze pp. 267-9. He suggests that these coins depict Valerian II between his father and grandfather and were intended to mark his presence at the renewal of the emperors’ tribunician powers on 10 December 255. He illustrates eight specimens with obverses of Valerian I, of which no. 7 is this coin, along with three examples with obverses of Gallienus. Tabelle 2 in MIR includes nine specimens, presumably including the eight illustrated by Schaad. Most are in major museum collections.

55.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 16.91 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock; S C across field. MIR 36, 72h; RIC V 152; Banti 3. VF, green patina, porosity, light cleaning scratches. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

56.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (31.5mm, 24.35 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS AVGGG (sic), Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 73h var. (rev. legend); RIC V 157 var. (same); Banti 6 var. (same). Good VF, green patina with brown earthen deposits, slightly double struck. ($500) Bought from Seaby, 1988. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 834 (October 1988), no. C569.

An example of a reverse legend error

36

57 58 57.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (22.5mm, 9.84 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FEL[ICIT]AS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 73i; RIC V 192. VF, brown and green patina. ($200) Ex Roma IV (29 September 2012), lot 2828.

58. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 23.09 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, 73s; RIC V (joint reign) 211; Banti 16. VF, brown patina, some roughness on obverse. Exceptional reverse. ($150) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1921.

59 60 59.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 15.40 g, 1h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [FI]DES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards; S C across field. MIR 36, 74h; RIC V 161; Banti 11. VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1982.

60.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29mm, 15.75 g, 5h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; S C across field. MIR 36, 75h; RIC V 170; Banti 16. Fine, brown patina, some roughness. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

61

62

61.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (27mm, 8.52 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; S C across field. MIR 36, 75i; RIC V 198. VF, green patina, some roughness, short scrape. ($200) Ex Baldwin’s 28 (9 November 2001), lot 1160.

62. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (23mm, 8.92 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; S C across field. MIR 36, 75w; RIC V (joint reign) 273 var. (obv. legend). Good Fine, brown-green patina. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

37

Ex Benz and Sir Arthur Evans Collections

63. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (15mm, 1.27 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm.

MIR 36, 76r; RIC V (joint reign) 192; King 29. VF, toned, light deposits around edge. ($1000) Ex Leo Benz Collection (Lanz 100, 20 November 2000), lot 348; Spink Zürich 23 (17 June 1987), lot 964; Sir Arthur J. Evans Collection (Ars Classica XVII, 30 October 1934), lot 1749.

64

65

64.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 20.29 g, 11h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding palm branch; S C across field. MIR 36, 77h; RIC V 180; Banti 26. Near VF, green patina, minor smoothing, spot of active corrosion. ($100) Ex Kovacs X (18 May 1990), lot 494.

65.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (24mm, 7.05 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, right hand resting on shield, left holding palm branch; S C across field. MIR 36, 77i; RIC V 202. Good VF, green patina, smoothing. ($150) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica C (11 March 1993), lot 1977.

66.

66a

66b

66c

66d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($150)

66a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.32 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE AVGG IT GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 79q; RIC V (joint reign) 178; Cunetio 571. Good VF, toned, some porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

66b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.88 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / GERMANICVS MAX TER, trophy between two seated captives. MIR 36, 93c; RIC V –; Cunetio 472 (described as mule with reverse of Gallienus). Near VF, porous, flan crack.

Ex Berk BBS 116 (17 October 2000), lot 632.

38

66c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.49 g, 5h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 117k; RIC V (joint reign) 175; Cunetio 597 corr. (rev. type Victory 1a).

EF, struck on a broad flan.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

66d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.16 g, 7h). Rome mint. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA G M, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 147k; RIC V (joint reign) 176 var. (rev. design); Cunetio 616. Near EF, porosity, flan crack.

Bought from Spink, 1994.

67.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 15.22 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and draped bust right / VICTORIA GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 81h; RIC V 181; Banti 32. Fine, brown-green patina. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

68.

68a Lot of three (3) coins.

68b

68c

($200)

68a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.12 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Mars or Virtus walking right, holding spear and trophy. MIR 36, 85p; RIC V (joint reign) 185; Cunetio 583 (described as 2nd/3rd series mule). EF, toned.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1990. Ex Jacquier FPL 11 (Spring 1990), no. 161.

68b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.60 g, 1h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus standing left, holding reversed spear and shield on ground. MIR 36, 86p; RIC V (joint reign) 182; Cunetio 572. EF, toned.

Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.7 (September 1989), no. 4565.

68c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.69 g, 7h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Mars / Virtus walking right, holding transverse spear, and trophy over left shoulder. MIR 36, 120k; RIC V (joint reign) 186; Cunetio 599. Near EF. Bought from Spink, 1994.

69.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (23mm, 8.24 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CON[SERVA]TORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 94i; RIC V 195 var. (bust type). VF, green patina. ($200) Ex V.C. Vecchi 11 (8 October 1984), lot 423.

39

70 71 70.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (25mm, 3.24 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LAETIA AVGG (sic), Laetitia standing left, holding purse and anchor.

MIR 36, 98q var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 145 var. (same); Cunetio 566 var. (same). Near EF, toned. ($150) Ex Berk BBS 86 (11 July 1995), lot 847.

An example of a reverse die error.

71. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (23.5mm, 8.80 g, 7h). Rome mint. 2nd issue, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C, within wreath. MIR 36, – [104w]; RIC V –.

Good Fine, brown patina, smoothed and tooled. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

72.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 15.01 g, 1h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [ORIENS] AVGG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; S C across field. MIR 36, 109n; RIC V (joint reign) 229 corr. (rev. type); Banti 45. Fine, green patina, minor roughness. ($100) Bought from Byzantium, 1994.

Obverse from same die as lot 74, with reverse RESTITVTOR ORBIS.

73.

73a

73b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($300)

73a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.80 g, 11h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR ORBIS, emperor standing left, holding sceptre(?) and raising kneeling female (Orbis Terrarum). MIR 36, 111b; RIC V 117; Cunetio 495. Near EF, toned, slight porosity.

73b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 20.32 g, 7h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR ORBIS, emperor standing left, holding spear and raising kneeling female (Orbis Terrarum); S C across field. MIR 36, 111e; RIC V 171; Banti 20.

VF, brown patina.

Ex Robert Schulman 291 (25 September 1990), lot 1167.

40

74.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 13.46 g, 12h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR ORBIS, emperor standing left, holding spear and raising kneeling female (Orbis Terrarum); S C across field. MIR 36, 111n; RIC V (joint reign) 236; Banti 55. Near EF, green patina. ($750) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVI.2 (Second Quarter, 1991), no. 189.

Obverse from same die as lot 72, with reverse ORIENS AVGG.

75 76 75. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (22mm, 4.40 g, 11h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [V]ICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 115o; RIC V (sole reign) 433. VF, rough brown surfaces. ($200) Ex Ars Antiqua I (3 November 2000), lot 397.

The obverse legend shows that this coin belongs to this issue of the joint reign, so the inclusion of AVG instead of AVGG in the reverse legend presumably represents a die-sinking error.

76. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (14mm, 2.17 g, 6h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 117m; RIC V (joint reign) 194-6 var. (this combination of obv. legend and rev. type not recorded); King 32b (this coin). Near VF, porous. ($500) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica C (11 March 1993), lot 1985.

77 78 77.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26.5mm, 16.91 g, 7h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / V[ICTO]RIA GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 117n; RIC V (joint reign) 245; Banti 72. Near EF, brown and green patina. Extremely rare, only one recorded by MIR (in a private collection), one additional cited by Banti (in the Gnecchi collection). ($300) Ex Rauch 98 (14 April 2015), lot 721.

Apparently absent from major museum collections.

78. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (23mm, 8.64 g, 12h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [V]ICTORIA GER[M], Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 117o; RIC V (joint reign) 284. Near VF, green patina. ($150) Bought from Byzantium, 1991.

41

79 80 79.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Ӕ As (24.5mm, 11.05 g, 5h). Rome mint. 3rd issue, AD 256-257. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock; S C across field. MIR 36, 123q; RIC V 190. Good VF, green patina, light smoothing. ($150) Bought from Seaby, 1981. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 751 (March 1981), no. C140.

80. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (29mm, 21.94 g, 6h). Rome mint. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [LIBE]RALITAS AVGG III, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, – (rev. as 131n, of issue 3); RIC V (joint reign) 224; Banti –. Good Fine, brown patina, some smoothing and tooling. ($300) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

A mule of an Issue 4 obverse and an Issue 3 reverse.

Two Unpublished Denarii

81 82 81. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (16.5mm, 3.02 g, 12h). Rome mint. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA G M, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet.

MIR 36, – (rev. as 147); RIC V – (cf. quinarius joint reign 195). VF, toned, slight porosity. ($500) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica B (25 February 1992), lot 2169.

82. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 2.09 g, 11h). Rome mint. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Mars / Virtus walking right, holding spear and trophy. MIR 36, – (rev. as 150); RIC V –. VF, toned, porosity. ($500) Bought from Spink, 2001. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CIX.4 (August 2001), no. RM0480.

83.

83a Lot of two (2) coins.

83b

($75)

83a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.25 g, 11h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 4th issue, AD 257.

IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre; T in left field. MIR 36, – [158h]; RIC V (joint reign) 157 var. (mint-mark in field); Cunetio 626 var. (bust type). VF, porous.

Bought from Spink, 1983.

83b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.27 g, 7h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 4th issue, AD 257.

IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre, left elbow leaning on column; V in left field. MIR 36, 173k var. (column on rev.); RIC V (joint reign) 157 var. (same); Cunetio 632 var. (same). Good VF, toned, porous.

Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

None of the reference works notes the presence of a column on the reverse, but the reverse of this coin is from the same die as the illustrated example of MIR 173i. However, the reverse with column is omitted from the Typologie plates. Strangely, it would appear that no-one has ever noticed this feature before.

42

84 85 86 84.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.28 g, 12h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONSERVAT AVGG, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock; behind him Diana standing left, drawing arrow and holding bow; Q in right field. MIR 36, 165b; RIC V 85 var. (location of mint-mark); Cunetio 530 var. (same). EF, toned, deposits, slightly uneven flan. ($300) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

85.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.71 g, 12h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 4th issue, AD 257. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONSERVAT AVGG, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock; behind him Diana standing left, drawing arrow and holding bow; Q in exergue. MIR 36, 166b; RIC V 85; Cunetio 530 var. (location of mint-mark). EF, toned, minor porosity. ($150) Bought from Spink, 1994.

86.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.78 g, 6h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 5th issue, AD 257. IMP VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RELIGIO AVGG, Diana standing left, drawing arrow and holding bow; Q in left field. MIR 36, 207a; RIC V 115; Cunetio 540 var. (mint-mark). Near EF, toned, marks on face. ($200) Gift from Hans Gilljam, 1981.

87.

87a

87b

87c

87d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($400)

87a Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.53 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head left. MIR 36, 212b; RIC V 3; Cunetio –. Near EF, toned, edge splits, minor porosity.

Ex Glendining’s (8 October 1990), lot 233.

87b Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head right. MIR 36, 213b; RIC V 4; Cunetio 647 var. (bust type). Good VF, weak strike.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 19; Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 268 (part of).

87c Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 5.17 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVE MARINIANAE (sic), veiled and draped bust right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head left. MIR 36, 216b var. (obv. legend); RIC V 3 var. (same); Cunetio 646 var. (same).

VF, toned, edge splits.

Bought from Galata 1987. Ex September list no. 147.

A die-sinking error in the obverse legend.

87d Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.91 g, 5h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head right; V in left field. MIR 36, 225b; RIC V 4; Cunetio 648. Good VF, toned.

Ex Numismatica Ars Classica A (27 February 1991), lot 1939.

43

88

89

88.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Ӕ Sestertius (25mm, 15.31 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right / CONSE[CRATI]O, peacock in splendour standing facing, head left; S C across field. MIR 36, 212d; RIC V 9 corr. (bust type, rev. description); Banti 3. Near VF, green patina, cleaning scratches. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 855 (November 1990), no. C634.

89.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Ӕ Sestertius (29.5mm, 14.07 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head right; S C across field. MIR 36, 213d; RIC V 9 corr. (bust type); Banti 2. Near VF, brown surfaces, roughness and porosity. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

90 91 90.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Ӕ As (25mm, 7.24 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head right; S C across field. MIR 36, 213f; RIC V 11. Near VF, green patina, light cleaning scratches. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1980.

91.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (24mm, 2.79 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour walking right. MIR 36, 214b; RIC V 5; Cunetio 645. EF, toned, flan cracks, minor deposits. ($200) Bought from Coincraft, London, 1989.

92 93 92.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 17.27 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

DIVAE MARINIANAE, diademed, veiled and draped bust to right / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour walking right; [S C in exergue]. MIR 36, 214d; RIC V 10; Banti 5. VF, green patina with light earthen deposits, die breaks on obverse. ($200) Ex Athena 3 (15 May 1990), lot 494.

93.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 16.47 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head right; S C across field. MIR 36, 217d; RIC V 9 corr. (bust type); Banti 1. Good VF, brown patina, short scratch on reverse. ( $500) Ex Sternberg XXXII (28 October 1996), lot 730.

44

94.

94a Lot of two (2) coins.

94b

($200)

94a Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.72 g, 5h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock flying left, carrying empress to heaven. MIR 36, 219b; RIC V 6; Cunetio 642. Good VF, toned, minor flan flaws.

Ex Robert Schulman 291 (25 September 1990), lot 1168.

94b Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.49 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right on crescent / CONSERATIO (sic), peacock flying right, carrying empress to heaven. MIR 36, 220b var. (rev. legend); RIC V 6 var. (same); Cunetio 643 var. (same); Eauze 1322 (same rev. die as illustration). EF, small deposits.

Ex Berk BBS 116 (17 October 2000), lot 633.

A die-sinking error in the reverse legend.

95.

95a Lot of two (2) coins.

95b

($75)

95a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.71 g, 12h). Hybrid with reverse of Valerian I. Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / FELICITAS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, Tafel 132, hybrid 73; RIC V (joint reign) 27; Chalfont 271 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 658 (described as rev. of Valerian I); Eauze –; Normanby –; Stevenage –. VF, porous, deposits. Very rare, one in Chalfont (present coin), one in Cunetio (now in BM), none in other major hoards.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993. Ex Glendinings (7 July 1993), lot 22; Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 271.

95b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.44 g, 1h). Hybrid with reverse of Mariniana.

Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / CONSECRATIO, peacock in splendour standing facing, head left. MIR 36, Tafel 132, hybrid 213; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, porous.

Bought from David Miller 1998.

96.

96a Lot of three (3) coins.

96b

96c

($100)

96a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.47 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, 227b; RIC V (joint reign) 29; Cunetio 651. Good VF, brown patina.

96b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.54 g, 12h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO VICTRIX, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, 231b; RIC V (joint reign) 31; Cunetio 652. EF, toned, thin flan crack, minor deposits.

Bought from Marc Hariga, Brussels, 1990. Ex Hariga FPL (June/July 1990), no. 145.

96c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.72 g, 12h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet and sceptre; Cupid at her feet; VI in right field. MIR 36, 245b; RIC V (sole reign) 30; Cunetio 993. EF, toned.

Bought from Robert Johnson, 1992.

45

Very Rare Denomination

97. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ dupondius (25mm, 9.93 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, – [228e]; RIC V (joint reign) 49. VF, green and brown patina, smoothed and tooled. ($100) Ex Münz Zentrum 132 (19 April 2006), lot 850.

98.

98at Lot of three (3) coins.

98b

98c

($150)

98a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ As (24.5mm, 9.08 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 228f; RIC V (joint reign) 53. Near VF, green patina, some roughness, edge split.

Bought from Seaby, 1985. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 805 (November 1985), no. C382.

98b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ As (23.5mm, 6.43 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PIETAS AVGG, empress seated left, holding sceptre; two children standing before her, another beside chair; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 230f; RIC V (joint reign) 54. Fine, brown patina, some porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

98c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ As (24.5mm, 9.63 g, 6h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / VENVS [GENETRIX], Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre; Cupid at her feet; S C across field; Q in exergue. MIR 36, 241f; RIC V (joint reign) 55. Fine, mottled green and brown patina, fields smoothed.

Ex Tony Hardy Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 120, 10 August 2005), lot 275.

99 100 99.

Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.31 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / PIETAS AVGG, empress standing left, holding sceptre; one child beside her, two in front. MIR 36, 229b; RIC V (joint reign) 35; Cunetio 655. EF, toned, thin flan crack. Well struck. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1990. Ex Jacquier FPL 12 (Autumn 1990), no. 330.

100. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Quinarius (14mm, 1.34 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PIETAS [A]VG (sic), empress seated left, holding sceptre; two children standing before her, another beside chair. MIR 36, 229c var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 41 var. (same); King 43 var. (same). Near VF, green patina, a few spots of active corrosion. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 47 (16 September 1998), lot 1925.

The use of AVG instead of AVGG in the reverse legend would seem to represent a die-sinking error, as this type was not struck for Salonina during the sole reign of Gallienus. For another error of a similar type see MIR 460v, a sole reign quinarius of Gallienus with this reverse type and PIETAS AVGG.

46

101. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ Sestertius (24mm, 11.14 g, 7h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260.

CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PIETAS A[VGG], empress seated left, holding sceptre; two children standing before her, another beside chair; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 230d; RIC V (joint reign) 47; Banti 16. VF, green patina, edge split. ($200) Ex Marc Hariga (8 February 1992), lot 158.

102a 102.

102b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($200)

102a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 17.45 g, 6h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253260. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / [PIET]AS AVG[G], empress seated left, holding sceptre; two children standing before her, another beside chair; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 230d; RIC V (joint reign) 47; Banti 16. VF, brown patina, scratch, rotated double strike on reverse.

Ex Berk BBS 86 (11 July 1995), lot 1093.

102b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26.5mm, 17.39 g, 1h). Rome mint. 1st-5th issue, AD 253-260. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / [VENVS GE]NETRIX, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre; Cupid at her feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 236d; RIC V (joint reign) 48 (has Q in exergue); Banti 19. Good Fine, green patina, some roughness, flan flaw.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

103a 103.

103b

Lot of three (3) coins.

103c ($100)

103a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.93 g, 7h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 2568. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter seated on goat walking right. MIR 36, 247k; RIC V 14; Cunetio 663. Good VF, toned, porous.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

103b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.71 g, 5h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8.

P C L VALERIANVS NOB AES (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter seated on goat walking right. MIR 36, 247k var. (obv. legend); RIC V 14 var. (same); Cunetio 663 var. (same). VF, toned, porosity.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

Die-sinking error in obverse legend.

103c Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.85 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOBI CRESCENTI (sic), infant Jupiter seated on goat walking right. MIR 36, 247k var. (rev. legend); RIC V 14 var. (same); Cunetio 663 var. (same).

Good VF, toned, minor scratches.

Ex Numismatica Ars Classica B (25 February 1992), lot 2180.

Not a die-sinking error, as might be imagined, but an example of the apparently widespread practice at the time of substituting B for V in inscriptions.

47

Unique and Unpublished Bronze of Valerian II

104.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ Sestertius(?) (27mm, 5.96 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. [..], draped bust right, head bare / IOVI CRESCENTI; S C in exergue, infant Jupiter seated on goat walking right. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Fine, brown patina. ($1000) Ex Bertolami E-Live 44 (10 September 2017), lot 716 (incorrectly described as RIC 32, which is actually the medallion MIR 865).

This appears to be the first recorded specimen of the IOVI CRESCENTI reverse on a bronze coin. Despite its small module and low weight, it is probably a sestertius and not an As. The reverse design differs from that on antoniniani of this type, in that the child is seated in regular fashion, rather than side-saddle, on the back of the goat. It was discussed alongside other aspects of this coinage by Holmes 2017b. Somewhat astonishingly a second specimen appeared on the markert soon afterwards, in an even more corroded state (Leu Web Auction 5, 23 September 2018, lot 837).

105 106 105.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ As (21mm, 6.04 g, 7h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, draped and cuirassed bust right, head bare / PIETAS A[VGG], sacrificial implements. MIR 36, 248v; RIC V 36. Fine, brown patina, smoothed and tooled, small spot of active corrosion. ($200) Bought from Davissons, 1995. Ex Davissons FPL (1995, no. 1), no. 251.

MIR Plate Coin – Ex Mazzini Collection 106.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Ӕ Sestertius (25.5mm, 10.65 g, 1h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, draped bust right, head bare / PIE[TAS A]VGVSTOR, sacrificial implements; S C in exergue.

MIR 36, 249p (this coin illustrated); RIC V 33 corr. (rev. legend); Banti 6 corr. (same); Mazzini (Saloninus) prima 58 (this coin). VF, green patina. Very rare. ($500) Ex Lanz 60 (11 June 1992), lot 860; Giuseppe Mazzini Collection, prima 58 (Saloninus).

107.

107a Lot of three (3) coins.

107b

107c

($200)

107a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.26 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 2568. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing facing, head left, holding standard and reversed spear. MIR 36, 250k; RIC V 23; Cunetio 665. Good VF, toned.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 2003.

107b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.66 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing facing, head left, holding standard and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 250k var. (rev. type); RIC V 23 var. (same); Cunetio 666. Good VF. Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

The variant with sceptre instead of reversed spear is not noted in either MIR or RIC, but the Cunetio hoard contained 17 specimens of this reverse and only 4 of that with spear.

48

107c Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.53 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VAERIANVS NOB CAES (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing facing, head left, holding standard and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 250k var. (obv. legend and rev. type); RIC V 23 var. (same); Cunetio 666 var. (obv. legend). EF, toned.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

A die-sinking error in the obverse legend.

Valerian II, as Caesar Quinarius

108.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Quinarius (14.5mm, 1.37 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, draped bust right, head bare / PRINCIPI IVVENTV[TIS], prince standing facing, head left, holding standard and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 250n; RIC V 30; King 38. Near VF, toned, light scratches. ($750) Bought from Spink, 1988. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVI.2 (March 1988), no. 1059.

109.

109a

Lot of three (3) coins.

109b

109c

($100)

109a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.05 g, 12h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 2568. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding standard and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 252k; RIC V 23; Cunetio 667. Near EF/VF, toned.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1996.

109b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.19 g, 6h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 2568. P C L VLERIANVS NOB CAES (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and reversed spear. MIR 36, 253k var. (obv. legend); RIC V 23 var. (same); Cunetio 668 var. (same). Good VF, toned, faint cleaning scratches, edge split and flan crack.

Ex Burgan 22 (24 March 1990), lot 245.

Another die-sinking error in the obverse legend.

109c Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.82 g, 11h). Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 2568. P C L VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 254k; RIC V 23; Cunetio 668. VF, lightly toned, minor flan crack.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

49

Apparently Unique Hybrid

110.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.73 g, 12h). Hybrid with reverse of Valerian and Gallienus. Rome mint. 2nd-5th issue, AD 256-8. P [C L] VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LAETITIA AVGG, Laetitia standing facing, head left, holding wreath and anchor. MIR 36, – (rev. as 98/129/140/182 of issues 2-5); RIC V –; H. J. Lückger, “Zum Korpus der römischen Kaizermünzen” in Frankfurter Münzzeitung 16 (1931), p.

243, 18 (this coin). VF, toned. Apparently unique. ($200) Ex Hermann-Joseph Lūckger Collection (Peus 417, 2 November 2016), lot 581.

111 112 111.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Æ As (26mm, 8.17 g, 6h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258+. DIVO CAESARI VALERIANO, bare head right / [CO]NSECRATIO, eagle flying right, carrying prince. MIR 36, 259s; RIC V 42. Fine, green patina, scratches, irregular flan. ($200) Ex Alex G. Malloy 39 (12 December 1994), lot 680.

112.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.76 g, 7h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258+. DIVO VALERIANO CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONSECRATIO, altar. MIR 36, – (obv. of 260, rev. of 261); RIC V 24 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio –. Good VF, toned, minor deposits, thin flan crack. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

This combination of obverse legend and reverse type is apparently otherwise unrecorded.

114 113 113.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Æ Sestertius or As (26.5mm, 11.14 g, 7h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258+. DIVO CAES VALERIANO, bust right, head bare, left shoulder draped / [CONSECRATIO; S C in exergue], funeral pyre surmounted by prince in biga. MIR 36, 264o; RIC V 43. Fine, brown patina. ($200) Bought from Davissons, 1995. Ex Davissons FPL (1995, no. 1), no. 250.

MIR lists this coin as a sestertius, but RIC has it as an As. The flan is very small for a sestertius, but the dies were clearly intended to be used on a piece of larger module, as almost all of the legends are off the flan. However, the bust is much smaller than that on lot 114, which clearly is a sestertius.

114.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 16.10 g, 12h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258+. DIVO CAES VALERIANO, draped and cuirassed bust right, head bare / CONSECRATIO, funeral pyre surmounted by prince in biga; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 264r; RIC V 35; Banti 3. VF, brown patina, smoothed and tooled. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXIX (30 March 1994), lot 1102.

50

115

116

115.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.86 g, 8h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 5th issue, AD 258+.

DIVO CAES VALERIANO, radiate head right / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing right, head turned back; S in exergue. MIR 36, 265g; RIC V 27; Cunetio 686. EF, toned. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVIII.2 (Second Quarter, 1993), no. 225.

Hybrid with Reverse of Valerian II

116. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.29 g, 10h). Hybrid with reverse of Divus Valerian II. Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, radiate and draped bust right / CONSECRATIO, altar. MIR 36, Tafel 132, Hybride 261 (2); RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, porosity. ($400) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXIII (15 March 1995), lot 966.

117 118 117. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 12.12 g, 5h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, draped and cuirassed bust right, head bare / PRINCIPI [IVVENTVTIS], prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and sceptre; captive at his feet. MIR 36, 269q; RIC V 32; Banti –; Triton XVIII, lot 1222 (hammer $7000). Good Fine, green patina, some roughness, flan flaw. Very rare. ($500) Ex Spink 90 (16 March 1992), lot 810.

118. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ As (25mm, 11.57 g, 12h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, draped bust right, head bare / [PRI]NCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and sceptre; captive at his feet; S C across field. MIR 36, – [269u]; RIC V 34. VF, brown patina, smoothed and tooled, rough. ($200) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1986. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

119.

119a

Lot of three (3) coins.

119b

119c

($100)

119a Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.11 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PRINC IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; captive at his feet; P in left field. MIR 36, 274i; RIC V 28 var. (rev. type and position of mint-mark); Cunetio 700. VF, toned, minor green deposits. Extremely rare, only one cited by MIR (in KHM [Vienna]), one additional in Cunetio (now in BM).

Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 251 (part of).

119b Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.86 g, 11h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PRINC IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; captive at his feet; P in right field. MIR 36, 275i; RIC V 28 var. (rev. type); Cunetio 701. Near EF, toned, minor deposits, faint porosity.

Ex Numismatic Fine Arts XI (8 December 1982), lot 519.

119c Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.06 g, 5h). Rome mint. 5th issue, AD 258-260.

LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PRINC IVVENT, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; captive at his feet. MIR 36, 274i/275i var. (no mint-mark); RIC V 28 var.; Cunetio 699. Good VF, coppery surfaces, light porosity.

Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012.

51

120 121 120. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ As (23mm, 8.16 g, 7h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 5th issue, AD 258-260. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, draped bust right, head bare / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing facing, head left, holding globe and sceptre; captive at his feet; V in upper right field; S C across lower field. MIR 36, 276u var. (location of mint-mark); RIC V 34 var. (mint-mark). Near VF, green patina. ($300) Bought from Seaby, 1983. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 779 (July 1983), no. C338.

Neither MIR nor RIC lists this coin with V mint-mark in upper right field, but for a similar coin, probably from the same dies, see Piancastelli collection catalogue, no. 97.

Hybrid with Reverse of Valerian 121. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.54 g, 7h). Hybrid with reverse of Valerian. Rome mint, 4th officina. Struck AD 258-60. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES, radiate and draped bust right / CONSERV[AT] AV[G], Apollo standing left, holding branch and resting left hand on lyre set on rock, Q in right field. MIR 36, – (rev. as 168 and 199); RIC V –. Good VF, green patina and deposits. ($300) Ex Solidus 29 (12 May 2018), lot 383.

122.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. AR Medallion (29mm, 14.56 g, 12h). Rome mint. Struck AD 253-260. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / MONETA AVGG, the three Monetae standing facing, head left, each holding scales and cornucopiae; pile of coins at foot of each. MIR 36, 281a; RIC V 61; Gnecchi Plate 25, 11. Near VF, porous, flan flaws. Rare. ($1000) Ex I. Vecchi 15 (15 June 1999), lot 1104.

123.

Gallienus, with Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (22mm, 5.67 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 253-260.

[CONC]ORDIA AVGVSTORVM, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gallienus to right, facing diademed and draped bust of Salonina to left / [AD]VENTVS AVGG, Valerian and Gallienus on horseback to left, raising right hands, preceded by Victory and followed by a soldier holding a standard. MIR 36, 328b; Gnecchi Plate 155, 11. Good VF, rough green patina.

Very rare. ($2000) Ex Numismatic Fine Arts XXIX (13 August 1992), lot 417; Numismatic Fine Arts XXV (29 November 1990), lot 451.

52

124

125

124.

Valerian I, with Gallienus. AD 253-260. Æ Medallion (23mm, 7.37 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 253-260.

CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM, laureate and draped bust of Gallienus to right, facing laureate and draped bust of Valerian I to left / ADVENTVS [AVGG], Valerian and Gallienus on horseback to left, raising right hands, preceded by Victory and followed by a soldier holding a standard. MIR 36, 328d; RIC V 4 (listed as a dupondius); Gnecchi Plate 154, 9. Near VF, brown patina, some smoothing and tooling. ($1000) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica G (10 April 1997), lot 1852.

125.

Valerian I, with Gallienus. AD 253-260. Æ Medallion (21.5mm, 6.16 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 253-260.

CONCORDIA AVGVSTO[RVM], laureate and cuirassed bust of Gallienus to right, facing laureate and draped bust of Valerian I to left / LIBERALITAS [A]VGG I, two emperors seated left on platform; behind them, praetorian prefect and attendant; before them, Liberalitas, holding tessera and cornucopiae, and citizen. MIR 36, 329d; RIC V 5; Gnecchi –. VF, green patina, some roughness. ($1000) Ex Dr. Walter Neussel Collection (Peus 420, 1 November 2017), lot 455.

126.

126a Lot of two (2) coins.

126b

($75)

126a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.19 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ANNONA AVGG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae; modius (corn-measure) at feet. MIR 36, – (rev. of 178); RIC V (sole reign) 336 var. (bust type); Cunetio 900 var. (same). Fine, rough coppery surfaces.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

126b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.68 g, 7h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / CONSE[RVT A]VGG, Apollo standing left, holding branch and lyre; Q in left field. MIR 36, – (rev. of 201); RIC V (sole reign) 338 var. (rev. legend); Cunetio 901. Fine, rough brown surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 34 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 342.

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

53

127.

127b

127a

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

127a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.15 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTOR[IA] GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, – (rev. of 187); RIC V –; Cunetio 914. Good Fine, brown patina.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 62 (part of).

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

127b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VICTORIA G M, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, – (rev. of 188); RIC V –; Chalfont 346 (this coin); Cunetio 913. Fine, brown patina, porosity.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 34 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 346.

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

128.

128a Lot of two (2) coins.

128b

($100)

128a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.59 g, 12h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre; T in left field. MIR 36, – (rev. of 195); RIC V (sole reign) 341a; Cunetio 910 var. (bust type); Normanby 59 (this coin, illustrated). Good Fine, brown surfaces with some silver, some roughness.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 59.

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

128b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.00 g, 12h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; V in left field. MIR 36, – (rev. of 208); RIC V (sole reign) 341a; Chalfont 345 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 912 var. (bust type). VF, porous brown surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 345 (this coin illustrated).

A hybrid with reverse of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus.

Unpublished Denarius

129. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (17.5mm, 3.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Good VF, brown surfaces, spot of encrustation. ($200) Bought from David Miller 1999.

The obverse belongs to the sole reign denarius series, e.g. MIR 408p and 421p, but none is known with Pax reverse, so a die-sinking error of AVGG for AVG seems unlikely. However, MIR does not list any denarii at all in the joint reign issues 1-5. This coin is therefore an anomaly, and its position in the series is as yet unconfirmed.

54

130 131 130. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.90 g, 11h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PRINC IVV[E]NT, prince standing left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; captive at his feet. MIR 36, – (rev. of 273); RIC V (sole reign) 265 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby 63. Good VF, toned, edge split, minor flan flaw. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1991. Ex Jacquier FPL 13 (Autumn 1991), no. 261.

Hybrid with reverse of Saloninus.

131. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.56 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / [A]DVENTVS AVG, emperor on horseback left, raising right hand and holding sceptre. MIR 36, 337x; RIC V (sole reign) 158 var. (obv. legend and bust type); Cunetio 980; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, brown surfaces. Very rare, only three noted by MIR, including the one in Cunetio (now in BM). ($200) Ex Berk BBS 122 (6 September 2001), lot 367.

The emperor is portrayed raising his right arm in the ‘Sol blessing’ gesture (see introductory chapter on Portraiture).

132.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.70 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COS IIII P P, emperor in quadriga to left, holding eagle-tipped scepter and reins. MIR 36, 339x; RIC V (sole reign) 150 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Good VF, toned. Extremely rare. ($750) Ex White Mountain Collection (Triton XIII, 5 January 2010), lot 337.

This reverse alludes to the ceremonial procession marking the beginning of Gallienus’s fourth consulship in January AD 261.

133

134

133.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 1.83 g, 5h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P X COS; IIII P P in exergue, emperor in quadriga to left, holding eagle-tipped sceptre and reins. MIR 36, 340x; RIC V (sole reign) 154; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, minor green deposits. ($500) Bought from David Miller 1996.

This reverse design also alludes to the ceremonial procession marking the beginning of Gallienus’s fourth consulship in January AD 261, but the inclusion of TR P X in the legend dates the coin to no earlier than August/September of that year.

134.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.27 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, Hercules standing facing, head right; right hand rests on club, left holds bow and lionskin. MIR 36, 341x; RIC V (sole reign) 595 (Siscia); Cunetio 1007; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, lightly toned, area of porosity on reverse. Very rare, only four noted by MIR, including the one in Cunetio (now in BM). ($300) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012. Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 283248.

55

135.

135a

Lot of three (3) coins.

135b

135c

($100)

135a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.97 g, 1h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, right shoulder draped / VIRTVS AVG, Mars / Virtus standing left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; P in left field. MIR 36, 343 var. (bust type lBiP2, not listed for this issue); RIC V (sole reign) 317 var. (bust type and rev. with sceptre, not spear); Cunetio 928 var. (bust type); Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, toned, weak strike, edge splits. Struck on a broad flan.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987.

135b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.88 g, 11h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, left shoulder draped / VIRTVS AVG, Mars / Virtus standing left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; P in right field. MIR 36, 344c; RIC V (sole reign) 317; Cunetio 922. Good VF, red deposits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 65 (part of).

135c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 1.98 g, 7h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, right shoulder draped / VIRTVS AVG, Mars / Virtus standing left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre; P in right field. MIR 36, 344 var. (bust lBiP2, not listed for this issue); RIC V (sole reign) 317 var. (bust type and rev. with sceptre, not spear); Cunetio 926 var. (bust type); Normanby –; Chalfont –.

VF, toned, tight flan.

Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2427.

136.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.53 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VI[RT]VS AVG, emperor on horseback to right, striking with spear at lion below. MIR 36, – [346a]; RIC V (sole reign) 594 var. (bust type; Siscia); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, minor cleaning scratches. ($300) Ex Rauch Sommerauktion 2013 (18 September 2013), lot 884.

MIR records only one coin with this reverse, with cuirassed bust on the obverse (346x).

137.

137a Lot of three (3) coins.

137b

137c

($100)

137a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.88 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI VLTORI, Jupiter walking left, cloak flying out behind, holding thunderbolt. MIR 36, 348x; RIC V (sole reign) 221; Cunetio 938. VF, toned, red deposits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 74 (part of).

137b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.85 g, 12h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; to right, standard; Q between Genius and standard. MIR 36, 364x; RIC V (sole reign) 197 var. (position of mint-mark); Cunetio 960/962 var. (same). VF, slightly rough, ragged edge, deposits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1988.

137c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.82 g, 3h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VESTA, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre; Q in exergue. MIR 36, 365dd corr. (officina mark); RIC V (sole reign) 32; Cunetio 987. Near EF, toned.

56

138.

138a Lot of two (2) coins.

138b

($100)

138a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.63 g, 12h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 355s; RIC V (sole reign) 301 var. (bust type and mint-mark); Cunetio 945; Normanby 80; Chalfont –. Good VF, toned, minor porosity at edge, edge splits, green deposits. Very rare, only two noted by MIR, including the sole pieces in Cunetio (now in BM) and Normanby.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

138b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.57 g, 7h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 355x; RIC V (sole reign) 301 var. (mint-mark); Cunetio 943. Near EF, toned with areas of iridescence.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

139 140 141 139. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.18 g, 1h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear and shield / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 358q; RIC V (sole reign) 305; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF/Good VF, porous, small scrape. ($300) Bought from Spink, 1984.

140. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.78 g, 6h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear and shield / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, – [358t]; RIC V (sole reign) 305 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near VF, some porosity, brown deposits. ($100) Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 283254.

141. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.75 g, 12h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 358w; RIC V (sole reign) 305 var. (bust type); Cunetio 953 (same obv. die as illustration). VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1995. Ex Jacquier FPL 17 (Autumn 1995), no. 533.

142 143 142. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.14 g, 7h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 358bb; RIC V (sole reign) 305; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. EF, brown patina.

Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (Alföldi, Studien, pl. 11, 16). ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1991.

143. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.92 g, 4h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left / VIC GALL AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 360n; RIC V –; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. EF, struck on a broad flan. A bold and impressive portrait. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (Alföldi, Studien, pl. 13, 12). ($300) Bought from Baldwin’s, 2007. Ex Morton & Eden 30 (29 November 2007), lot 468 (part of).

57

145

144

144.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.24 g, 4h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear and shield / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; V in left field. MIR 36, 366t; RIC V (sole reign) 256; Cunetio 969; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, porous, flan crack. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (the Cunetio piece, now in BM). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

145. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.92 g, 6h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted (Corinthian type), and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear and shield / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; V in left field. MIR 36, 366u2 (same obv. die as illustration); RIC V (sole reign) 256 var. (bust type and position of mint-mark); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Good VF, thin flan crack. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 534.

MIR lists four specimens of this type, but distinguishes between Roman (3) and Corinthian (1) helmets. This is a second example of the latter, from the same obverse die as the illustrated specimen.

146. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.73 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VICT GAL AVG, three Victories standing left, each holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 368b (same obv. die as illustration); RIC V (sole reign) 294 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby–; Chalfont –. EF, green patina. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($400) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

147

148

149

147. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.82 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from front / VICT GAL AVG, three Victories standing left, each holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 368x; RIC V (sole reign) 294; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, porous. ($150) Bought from E. Beckenbauer, München, 1983.

148. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.24 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VICT GAL AVG III, three Victories standing left, each holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 370a; RIC V (sole reign) 295 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, toned. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the BN [Paris]). ($300) Bought from Harlan J. Berk, 2001.

149.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.70 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from front / VIC[T] G[AL AV]G III, three Victories standing left, each holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, – [370x]; RIC V (sole reign) 295; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, thin flan crack. ($150) Bought from David Miller 1997.

58

150 152 151 150. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.09 g, 7h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing left, holding shield on ground and vertical spear; VI in right field. MIR 36, 375b; RIC V (sole reign) 325; Cunetio 1091; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, light porosity. Very rare, only three noted by MIR (including the one in Cunetio, now in BM). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

151. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.79 g, 7h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing left, holding shield on ground and vertical spear; VI in right field. MIR 36, 375y; RIC V (sole reign) 325; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, toned. ($150) Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

Antoninianus Struck on a Denarius Flan?

152. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (17mm, 2.54 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear and shield; gorgon head on shield / VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing left, holding shield on ground and vertical spear; VI in right field. MIR 36, 375aa; RIC V (sole reign) 325 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, green patina, smoothed and tooled. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($200) Ex Münchener Numismatisches Antiquariat 7 (24 May 1989), lot 93 (incorrectly described as a denarius).

This coin has been struck on a very small flan, as has the coin illustrated as MIR 375aa. A third specimen (Lanz auction 121, 22 November 2004, lot 574) has an equally undersized flan. All three coins appear to be from the same die pairing, and the cause of this strange anomaly remains elusive. It is possible that flans had been prepared for striking denarii, but were used for antoniniani in error. Denarii with this reverse were indeed struck in the course of Issue 6, one specimen being recorded in MIR (421p).

153

154

153. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.18 g, 6h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, left shoulder draped, with spear pointing forwards and upwards / [IOVI] VLTORI, Jupiter walking left, head turned back, right hand raised, left holding thunderbolt; cloak flies out behind; S in left field. MIR 36, 383d; RIC V (sole reign) 220 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. EF, weak reverse strike. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($300) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2014.

154. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.94 g, 5h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, viewed from front; gorgon head on shield / IOVI VLTORI, Jupiter walking left, head turned back, right hand raised, left holding thunderbolt; cloak flies out behind; S in left field. MIR 36, 383t; RIC V (sole reign) 220 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, weak strike on reverse, green deposit on edge. ($300) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1998.

59

155. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.31 g, 4h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, viewed from front; star on shield / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 387z; RIC V (sole reign) 304 var. (bust type, and no mint-mark); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. EF, lustrous, thin flan crack. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($500) Ex Künker 143 (6 October 2008), lot 681.

156 157 156. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (26mm, 3.38 g, 10h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and draped bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear pointing upwards and shield on left arm / VIC GALL AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, – [390l]; RIC V (sole reign) 296 var. (rev. legend). Good VF, toned, areas of flat strike. Struck on a broad flan. ($500) Ex Roma E-Sale 38 (29 July 2017), lot 706 (hammer £1100).

157. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.70 g, 6h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIC GALL AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; T in left field. MIR 36, 391x; RIC V –; Cunetio 888. Near EF. ($100) Ex CGF Monnaies 38 (30 April 2009), lot 861.

158

159

160

158. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.34 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIC GALL AVG, Victory standing right, resting one foot on helmet(?), inscribing III on shield supported on palm tree. MIR 36, 392r; RIC V (sole reign) 293 var. (obv. legend and no mint-mark); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Good VF, some porosity. ($100) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1998.

159. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.46 g, 5h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear and shield / GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; standard on right; VI in left field. MIR 36, – [398l]; RIC V (sole reign) 198 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, green patina. ($300) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1998.

160. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 5.23 g, 6h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear and shield; gorgon(?) head on shield / GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; standard on right; V in left field, I between genius and standard. MIR 36, – [400t]; RIC V (sole reign) 198 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Good VF. ($500) Ex CGF Monnaies XXI (18 June 2004), lot 3174.

60

161 162 161. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.93 g, 6h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

GALLIENVM AVG SENATVS, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVG, Pax standing facing,head left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; T in left field. MIR 36, 401r (same dies as illustration); RIC V –. VF, brown patina, flan crack.

Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the BM). ($500) Ex Yves Günzenreiner Collection (Leu Numismatik 1, 25 October 2017), lot 334 (900 CHF).

This obverse legend is unusual, being translated as ‘the Senate [for] the emperor Gallienus’. It is more appropriately found, along with the related legend GALLIENVM AVG P R (the Roman people for the emperor Gallienus) on copper alloy offstrikes of gold multiples acknowledging imperial achievements, e.g. OB CONSERVATIONEM SALVTIS, or OB LIBERTATEM RECEPTAM (see MIR 563-5 and 567-8).

162. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19.5mm, 2.35 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / VIRTVS AVG, Hercules standing facing, head right, holding club on ground with right hand and bow and lion-skin with left. MIR 36, 405o; RIC V (sole reign) 678 (Asia mint). VF, green patina. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

163.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Binio (21mm, 2.76 g, 7h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / IOVI VLTORI, Jupiter walking left, head turned back, brandishing thunderbolt; cloak trails out behind; S in left field. MIR 36, 410c; RIC V (sole reign) 52; Calicó 3528. VF, wavy flan, edge nick. Very rare. ($2000) Ex Elsen 65 (17 March 2001), lot 690.

This coin is discussed and illustrated by Doyen 1987. It is from the same obverse die as a specimen in the collections of the British Museum, London, and the specimen illustrated as MIR 410c (Perret collection [Bourgey 1958] = Leu 22 [1979], lot 341). Doyen knew of eight examples of this coin, with widely varying weights, this being the lightest. All were struck from different reverse dies, indicating that the dies were used mainly in the striking of antoniniani.

164 165 164. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (23mm, 7.89 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S C across field.

MIR 36, 411w; RIC V (sole reign) 428 (same obv. die as illustration). VF, green patina, light smoothing. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 6 (9 June 1997), lot 1242.

Unpublished Denarius 165. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18.5mm, 2.24 g, 10h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreat and palm. MIR 36, – (as 413, no denarii recorded), RIC V –. EF, minor green deposits, flan flaws. ($300) Ex Solidus 20 (21 October 2017), lot 199.

61

166 167 166.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ As (25.5mm, 8.59 g, 6.5h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 415w; RIC V (sole reign) 436 var. (obv. legend and bust type). VF, green patina, some roughness. ($300) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 84, Part II (20 May 2015), lot 2039.

167. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Denarius (18mm, 2.57 g, 5h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / V[E]STA, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, – [418q]; RIC V –.

VF, some porosity. ($300) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 34 (2 August 2015), lot 1015.

This coin seems to be a previously unrecorded type, but cf. Gorny & Mosch auction 196, lot 2910 – a similar coin, but with officina mark in exergue.

Ex Mabbott Collection

168. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Quinarius (15mm, 1.19 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / VESTA, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, 432t, recte 418t; RIC V (sole reign) 45; King 21g (this coin). VF. ($750) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica E (4 April 1995), lot 3157; Kunst und Münzen XXIX (20 May 1993), lot 811; Thomas Ollive Mabbott Collection (Part II, H. Schulman, 27 October 1969), lot 4482.

MIR has coins of this type erroneously placed in Table 11 as 432t, which would have obverse legend CORNELIA SALONINA AVG. The illustration on Tafel 126 has SALONINA AVG, however.

Extremely Rare Salonina Quinarius

169. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Quinarius (13mm, 1.47 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PVDICITIAM, Pudicitia seated left, raising veil and holding sceptre. MIR 36, 434Bt corr. (obv. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 43; King 20. VF, porosity, areas of green and red encrustation. Extremely rare, only two noted by King (both in public collections, in Berlin [noted by MIR] and Budapest). ($750) Bought from Spink, 1991.

MIR has coins of this type erroneously placed in Table 11 as 434Bt, which would have obverse legend CORNELIA SALONINA AVG. The illustration on Tafel 126 has SALONINA AVG, however. King lists just two specimens of this coin, in museum collections in Berlin and Budapest. The former is the coin illustrated in MIR, acquired from the Hamburger sale in 1925. The reverse legend of this coin unusually comprises the name in the accusative case – PVDICITIAM – possibly indicating that the accompanying figure depicts an actual statue in a temple.

170. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (15mm, 1.33 g, 1h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, Mars / Virtus standing left, holding globe and long vertical sceptre.

MIR 36, 424r; RIC V (sole reign) 380 corr. (obv. legend and rev. description); King 19. Near VF, porosity, slightly ragged edge. Extremely rare, King lists only one coin, in the BM; MIR cites two examples, one of which is the BM coin (perhaps the present coin is the other?). ($500) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

62

171

172

173

171. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 15.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [I]OVI VLTORI, Jupiter walking left, head turned back, holding thunderbolt; S C across field. MIR 36, 425v; RIC V (sole reign) 386; Banti 28. VF, green patina, light cleaning scratches. ($200) Ex Leo Benz Collection (Lanz 100, 20 November 2000), lot 352.

172. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (14mm, 1.35 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 427r; RIC V (sole reign) 375 var. (obv. legend 5); King 16. VF, some porosity and deposits. ($300) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1992.

173. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 12.07 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIC[TORIA] AVG III, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; S C across field. MIR 36, 428v; RIC V (sole reign) 398 var. (bust type); Banti 67 var. (same). Good VF, green patina, usual weak strike.

Extremely rare, only one cited by MIR (in the BM). ($300) Ex ArtCoins Roma E-Auction 7 (2 October 2012), lot 350.

174 175 174. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (25mm, 13.09 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTOR[IA] GERM, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet; S C across field. MIR 36, 429v; RIC V (sole reign) 402; Banti 72 var. (obv. legend). Good VF, green patina, scratches in fields. ($300) Bought from Frank L. Kovacs, San Mateo, CA, 1989. Ex Christie’s New York (2 May 1989), lot 872 (incorrectly described).

175. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Radiate (Double) Sestertius (31mm, 20.19 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [G]ENIVS AVG, Genius Exercitus standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; standard to right; S C across field. MIR 36, 430y; RIC V (sole reign) 383; Banti 20. Good VF, thick green patina, a few cleaning marks. ($1000) Ex I. Vecchi 8 (4 December 1997), lot 329.

176 177 176. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Radiate (Double) Sestertius (28mm, 23.53 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LIBERALIT[AS AV]G III, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae; S C across field. MIR 36, – [431y]; RIC V (sole reign) 387 var. (bust type); Banti 31-32 var. (same). VF, brown patina, edge flaw. ($750) Ex A & B FPL 7.2 (Primavera 1998), no. 439.

177. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 16.47 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261.

CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / [VE]STA, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre; [S C in exergue]. MIR 36, 432cc; RIC V (sole reign) 48; Banti 21. Fine, green patina, patina worn at edge. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1996.

63

178 179 178. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ As (25.5mm, 10.91 g, 5h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / VESTA, Vesta seated left, raising veil and holding sceptre; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 432ee; RIC V (sole reign) 55. Near VF, green patina, light cleaning scratches. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

179. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (25.5mm, 15.21 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left / VIRTVS AVGG, Mars standing facing, head right, holding reversed spear and leaning on shield; S C across field. MIR 36, 434u var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 424 (Milan); Banti 81 var. (bust type).

Near VF, dark green patina. ($300) Old family inheritance.

Although this coin has a reverse legend belonging to the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus, it is clearly a sole reign issue. This left-facing bust was not used at all during the joint reign. MIR records only one, very poorly preserved, specimen of 434u, in the collections of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The reverse legend is not legible at all on that coin, but the die appears to be the same one used for this second specimen, so both coins may represent a die-sinking error in the reverse legend. (No sestertii of the joint reign are recorded with this reverse type.)

180 181 180. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Ӕ Sestertius (33mm, 19.47 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PVDICITIA, Pudicitia seated left, raising veil and holding sceptre; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 434Acc; RIC V (sole reign) 46; Banti 17. Fine, brown patina, roughness. Extremely rare, only one specimen noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

Rare Sestertius 181. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (24.5mm, 11.32 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. [..GAL]LIENVS P F A[VG], laureate, draped(?), and cuirassed bust right / COHORT/PRAET/PRINCIPI/SVO within wreath. Unpublished; reverse as MIR 36, 422, of Issue 6(3), which has obverse legend IMP GALLIENVS AVG, but apparently with obverse of issue 6(4), with P F in legend; reverse as RIC V (joint reign) 417 (Milan). VF, green patina. ($300) Ex Astarte V (28 October 1999), lot 1178.

MIR lists just one sestertius with this reverse, on which it is combined with a left-facing bust. Its obverse legend is not easily legible and may not be as stated. See introductory section on military references for a discussion of this type.

182. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 16.51 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. [IM]P GALLIENVS AVG, laureate cuirassed bust right / [IOVI CONS]ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 438b var. (obv. legend of issue 6(3)); RIC V (sole reign) 384 var. (obv. legend); Banti 26-27 var. (obv. legend and bust type). VF, brown patina. ($300) Ex Kovacs XI (19 June 1993), lot 346.

This coin combines an obverse of issue 6(3) with a reverse of issue 6(4).

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184 183 183. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 15.83 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate draped and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 438h; RIC V (sole reign) 384 var. (bust type); Banti 26. Good VF, brown patina, green deposits, flan flaw. ($300) Ex Berk BBS 86 (11 July 1995), lot 1092.

184. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (30mm, 22.92 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate cuirassed bust right / PA[X] AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 439b; RIC V (sole reign) 390; Banti –. Good VF, green patina. ($300) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1925.

185. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (28mm, 16.02 g, 11h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate cuirassed bust right / GENIVS AVG, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; standard on right; S C across field. MIR 36, 443b; RIC V (sole reign) 383 corr. (standard to right); Banti 21. Good VF, brown-green patina, areas of red encrustation. ($300) Ex Astarte VI (10 November 2001), lot 482.

Unpublished Denarius

186. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19.5mm, 1.93 g, 5h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head left / V[I]CTO[RI]A AVG, Victory running left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Good Fine, red deposits on reverse, flan flaws. ($300) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012. Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 283425.

The correct position of this previously unpublished denarius within the coinage of Gallienus is by no means certain. I have tentatively placed it here by association with MIR 445l, an As which has the same obverse legend and reverse, but this bust appears in Issue 6(4) only on a silver offstrike from a putative gold 4-aureus piece (MIR 437q). Left-facing busts on denarii are exceedingly rare anyway, and it is possible that this coin is an offstrike from dies intended for a so far unknown gold aureus. It appears on the surface to be of fairly good quality silver.

65

Apparently Unique Sestertius – MIR Plate Coin

187. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27.5mm, 13.53 g, 6h). Rome mint. 6th issue, AD 260-261. IMP GALLIENVS PIVS F AVG, laureate head right / LIBER[TAS AV]G, Libertas standing left, holding pileus and sceptre; S C across field. MIR 36, 452f (this coin illustrated); RIC V –; Banti –. VF/Near VF, green patina, areas of red encrustation. Apparently unique, this is the sole piece noted by MIR. ($300) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1922.

188.

188a Lot of two (2) coins.

188b

($75)

MIR Plate Coin 188a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.36 g, 6h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 7th issue, AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / [LIB]ERALIT AVG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 457q1 corr. (no P in exergue; this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 228 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1033; Normanby 114 (this coin illustrated). Fine, coppery surfaces, rough edge.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 114 (part of).

MIR erroneously notes this coin as the sole example of an issue with the officina mark P in the exergue. Upon close inspection, there is no officina mark here, as noted in the Normanby catalogue.

188b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.61 g, 12h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / LIBERT AVG, Libertas / Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 457–8 var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 227–8 var. (rev. legend of 231–2); Cunetio –; I. A. Carradice, “The Market Deeping, Lincs., hoard” in Coin Hoards in Roman Britiain IV (1984), p. 46 and 62 (this coin). Fine, roughness and corrosion, thin flan crack.

Ex Glendining’s (30 September 1998), lot 139 (part of); Deeping St. James (Market Deeping), Lincolnshire, Hoard (1980) [IRBCH 699].

This coin combines a reverse legend of Libertas with a design representing Liberalitas.

189. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (14mm, 1.54 g, 11h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / LIBERAL AVG, Liberalitas standing left, holding tessera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 458x; RIC V (sole reign) 369; King 11. Near VF, green patina with earthen deposits, scratches. ($500) Ex Künker 115 (25 September 2006), lot 737.

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190.

190a Lot of two (2) coins.

190b

($75)

190a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.69 g, 12h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262.

SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / PROVID AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, 462s (hybrid with rev. of Gallienus); RIC V (sole reign) 23; Chalfont 394 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 1114. VF, toned, edge splits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 394 (this coin illustrated).

190b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.18 g, 7h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 7th issue, AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ANNONA AVG, Annona standing right, one foot on prow, holding long-handled rudder and corn-ears; V in right field. MIR 36, 495q1; RIC V (sole reign) 161; Cunetio 1066.

VF/Good VF, toned, minor deposits. Extremely rare, only one example noted by MIR (the Cunetio piece, now in the BM).

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

191.

191a Lot of two (2) coins.

191b

($75)

191a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.62 g, 5h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 7th issue, AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent held in arms; T in left field. MIR 36, – [484q1]; RIC V (sole reign) 274a var. (position of mint-mark); Cunetio 1053 var. (same). Fine, edge split, crude strike.

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

191b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.45 g, 7h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 7th issue, AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent held in arms; T in left field. MIR 36, 485n; RIC V (sole reign) 274a var. (bust type); Cunetio 1053 var. (same). Good VF, edge split and crack, red deposits.

Bought from Spink, 1994.

192. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Denarius (17mm, 2.70 g, 5h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PVDICITIA, Pudicitia standing left, raising veil from face and holding transverse sceptre.

MIR 36, 490u; RIC V (sole reign) 38. Good VF, porosity. Extremely rare, only one example noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($1000) Ex Gorny & Mosch 134 (11 October 2004), lot 3022.

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194 193 193. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ As (22mm, 7.56 g, 11h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. CORNELIA SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / PVDICITIA, Pudicitia standing left, raising veil from face and holding transverse sceptre. MIR 36, 490z; RIC V (sole reign) 51. VF, brown patina, some roughness. ($100) Ex Lanz 60 (11 June 1992), lot 861.

Unpublished Quinarius 194. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (13.5mm, 2.02 g, 11h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [499x]; RIC V – (cf. denarius, sole reign 347); King –. VF, porous, flan flaw. Very rare, and unpublished type. ($300) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

195.

195a Lot of three (3) coins.

195b

195c

($150)

195a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.64 g, 8h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS within wreath. MIR 36, 511m; RIC V (sole reign) 334 var. (bust type); Cunetio 983. VF/Good VF, toned, edge splits.

Ex Rauch Sommerauktion 2010 (13 September 2010), lot 1203.

195b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.12 g, 1h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIB within wreath. MIR 36, 512m; RIC V (sole reign) 334 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near VF, spot of toning on reverse, some porosity. Extremely rare, only one noted in MIR (in the Venèra hoard [no. 387]).

Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3366.

195c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.50 g, 1h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VOTIS/DECENN/ALIB within wreath. MIR 36, 513m; RIC V (sole reign) 334 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, brown surfaces with green deposits, cleaning scratches.

Bought from Spink, 1992.

196.

196a

196b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

196a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.64 g, 12h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / FIDEI PRAET, legionary eagle between two standards. MIR 36, 518m; RIC V (sole reign) 568 (Siscia); Cunetio 998. Near VF, toned, die break, faint porosity.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

196b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.45 g, 6h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FIDEI PRAET, legionary eagle between two standards. MIR 36, 518t; RIC V (sole reign) 568; Chalfont 365 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 998 var. (bust type); Normanby –. Near VF, porous.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 38 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 365.

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197.

197a Lot of three (3) coins.

197b

197c

($100)

197a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.74 g, 6h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES/MILI/TVM within wreath. MIR 36, 521t; RIC V (sole reign) 570 (Siscia); Cunetio – Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, porous.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 51 (15 September 1999), lot 1406.

197b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.96 g, 7h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILIT, Fides standing facing, head left, holding two standards. MIR 36, – [524t]; RIC V (sole reign ) 480 var. (rev. legend; Milan); Cunetio 1003 var. (bust type). VF, porous.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

197c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.51 g, 5h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FID MILITVM, Fides standing facing, head left, holding two standards. MIR 36, 526t; RIC V (sole reign) 480 var. (rev. legend; Milan); Cunetio 1002. VF, green deposits, cleaning scratches.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

198. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.16 g, 6h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / FIDES MILITVM, Emperor or standard-bearer walking right, holding standard with Victory at top. MIR 36, 522m; RIC V –; Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, rough surfaces. ($300) Ex CGF Monnaies XXI (18 June 2004), lot 3176.

199. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (20.5mm, 2.84 g, 11h). Aureus offstrike. Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing facing, head left, holding two standards. MIR 36, 523k(2) (same dies); as RIC V (sole reign) 39 (aureus). EF, slightly double struck. ($750) Ex New York Sale III (7 December 2000), lot 759.

MIR describes these coins as offstrikes from aureus dies. Only two denarii (479t and 490u) are listed for issue 7.

69

200. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (22mm, 6.91 g, 11h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within wreath. MIR 36, 531aa; RIC V (sole reign) 441. VF, green patina. ($200) Bought from David Cavanagh, Edinburgh, 1979.

201. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 12.73 g, 7h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. [I]MP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS/S C within wreath. MIR 36, 534w; RIC V (sole reign) 406; Banti 88 (this coin). EF, green patina, light smoothing. ($500) Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 103; M. L. Vierordt Collection (J. Schulman, 5 March 1923), lot 2349.

202 203 202. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (27mm, 18.98 g, 6h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. [IMP] GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head right / S P Q R/OPTIMO/PRINCIPI within wreath. MIR 36, 536v; RIC V (sole reign) 393 var. (bust type); Banti –. VF, thick green patina. ($100) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica O (11 May 2004), lot 2093.

By re-using this reverse legend, found so frequently on coins of Trajan, Gallienus must deliberately have been attempting to portray himself as comparable to that most favourably regarded predecessor.

203. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 16.43 g, 6h). Rome mint. 7th issue, AD 262. [I]MP G[ALLIENVS P] F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / S P Q R/OPTIMO/PRINCIPI within wreath. MIR 36, 536w; RIC V (sole reign) 393; Banti –. VF, green patina. ($200) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1926.

Unpublished Denarius

204. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 2.88 g, 12h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / INDVLGENT AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding branch and sceptre. MIR 36, – (rev. as quinarius 540q); RIC V –. EF, brown patina, spots of roughness. ($400) Ex Gorny & Mosch 170 (13 October 2008), lot 2757 (incorrectly catalogued as a quinarius).

This coin is quite clearly a denarius, not a quinarius, on the basis of its weight and module. MIR does not list any denarii at all in issue 8, and this coin seems to be of a previously unknown type.

70

205. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (16mm, 1.30 g, 6h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / INDVLGENT AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding branch and sceptre. MIR 36, 540q; RIC V (sole reign) 368; King 9. VF, green patina, some roughness, slightly ragged flan. ($200) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica L (18 May 2001), lot 2073.

206.

206a

206b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

206a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.95 g, 6h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 8th issue, AD 263264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / INDVLGENT AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding branch and sceptre; P in exergue. MIR 36, 541n; RIC V (sole reign) 205 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1119. EF, toned, struck on a broad flan.

Bought from Seaby, 1986. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 808 (March 1986), no. C124.

206b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.90 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, left shoulder draped / INDVLGENT AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding branch and sceptre; P in exergue. MIR 36, 541 var. (bust type); RIC V (sole reign) 205 var. (same); Cunetio –. Good VF, toned, weak obverse strike, light red deposits, spot of porosity on reverse.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1997.

Unpublished Denarius?

207. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius(?) (16mm, 1.65 g, 7h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / FORT RE[D], Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; wheel below seat. MIR 36, – (type as aureus 545d, but with abbreviated legend on rev.); RIC V –. EF, green patina. Apparently unique. ($750) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 42 (29 May 1997), lot 1043.

This is a puzzling item. The weight and module would suggest that it is a quinarius, but the size of the bust and the reverse figure are more appropriate for a denarius, as which it was catalogued when previously sold. The seated figure on the reverse indicates that it belongs to issue 8, as defined in MIR, and antoniniani with the full legend are plentiful (MIR 545 and 546). However, not only is the denarius denomination not recorded for issue 8, but no quinarius with this reverse type is recorded either. The coin type seems not to have been recorded previously at all.

208. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.27 g, 11h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FELICIT PVBL, Felicitas seated left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae; T in exergue. MIR 36, – [547l]; RIC V (sole reign) 192; Cunetio 1126. EF, lightly toned. ($75) Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

71

209 210 209. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (21.5mm, 6.19 g, 1h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head right / INDVLGENT AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding patera and sceptre; S C in exergue. MIR 36, 558r; RIC V (sole reign) 419 var. (obv. legend). Good Fine, green patina, cleaning scratches. Extremely rare, only one example noted

by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

210. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.08 g, 5h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / OB REDDIT LIBERT, Libertas standing left, holding pileus and transverse sceptre.

MIR 36, – [562l]; RIC V (sole reign) 247 var. (bust type); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. Near EF, dark brown patina, weak reverse strike. ($300) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2014.

MIR records only one antoninianus with this reverse (562g, with a different obverse bust – location not recorded). In his introductory chapter Göbl discussed possible contexts for this exceptionally rare issue, and suggested that it may have been planned to celebrate anticipated victory against Postumus, in a military campaign which had to be abandoned. In the course of besieging Postumus and his army in Gaul, Gallienus was severely wounded by an arrow and was forced to abandon the campaign. As a result of this, any coins struck in anticipation of victory would have been destroyed. The reverse legend on this coin – OB REDDIT(am) LIBERT(atem) (freedom restored) – was intended to mark the overthrow of the rebel Gallic Empire. Geiger (2012, p. 232) takes issue with Göbl’s suggested dating of the issue to AD 264-5, however, and proposes either 266/7 or 268. The same reverse occurs on two items (MIR 565a and 568b), described as offstrikes from dies intended for the production of gold multiples.

211. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion / offstrike (26mm, 11.85 g, 12h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 263-264/5.

GALLIENVM AVG P R, laureate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear and shield / OB CONSERVATIONEM SALVTIS, Salus standing right, feeding snake held in her arms. MIR 36, 563a; RIC V (sole reign) 423 (described as an As).

VF, green patina. ($2000) Bought from David Miller, 1993.

In MIR, Göbl describes this as an Abschlag (offstrike) from dies intended for striking gold pieces of the value of 4 aurei. None of the issues in gold, if such there were, are known to survive today, but such high-value gold presentation pieces must frequently have been melted down.

In the past strikings in other metals have been regarded as medallions, not coins. Gnecchi (1912, vol. 1, p. 53 and Tav. 27, no. 3) records eight specimens in silver, but none is included in the later section on bronze medallions. MIR records 11 specimens. The metal is not specified, but the example illustrated is of silver and was sold as lot 338 in Classical Numismatic Group’s Triton XIII auction (5 January 2010). The reverse legend (the preservation of safety) sees these items linked to the same anticipated victory against Postumus which led to the striking of the antoninanus lot 210. The obverse legend is in the form of a dedication by the Roman people (Populi Romani) to their emperor.

72

212. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion / offstrike (21mm, 4.91 g, 1h). Rome mint. 8th issue, AD 264-5. GALL[IE] NVM AVG SENATVS, laureate bust left in consular robes / P M TR P XII COS VI P P, Gallienus in slow quadriga to right, holding eagle-tipped sceptre. MIR 36, 566b; Gnecchi (1912) vol. III. p. 55, no. 72. Fine, green patina, roughness.

($500) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1996.

Again Göbl in MIR describes this as an Abschlag (offstrike) from dies intended for the production of 4-aureus gold multiples, rather than as a medallion, as previously thought. The reverse inscription and the consular robe and eagle-tipped sceptre all demonstrate that this issue was intended to mark the consular procession in Rome on 1 January AD 264. The obverse die was also used for striking issues (MIR 567b and 568b) in celebration of the anticipated victory over Postumus, but this does not, of course, necessarily mean that they were all struck at the same time. The obverse legend is in the form of a dedication by the Senate to the emperor.

213.

213a

213b

213c

213d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($100)

213a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 4.15 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / MARTI PACIFERO, Mars standing left, holding olive branch, spear and shield. MIR 36, 569w; RIC V (sole reign) 236; Cumetio 1157. VF, coppery surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 179 (part of).

213b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.57 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVIS STATOR, Jupiter standing facing, head right, holding spear and thunderbolt. MIR 36, 611w; RIC V (sole reign) 216; Cunetio 1229. VF, light porosity and coppery surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 229 (part of).

213c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 1.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / [ORI]ENS AVG, Sol walking right, raising right hand and holding whip.

MIR 36, – [614w]; RIC V (sole reign) 249; Cunetio 1237. Near VF, brown surfaces with green deposits, flan flaw.

Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 251 (part of).

213d Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.49 g, 5h). Rome mint, 9th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO CONSERVAT, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre, peacock at feet; N in right field. MIR 36, 623x; RIC V (sole reign) 11 var. (peacock); Cunetio 1324. VF, light porosity and coppery surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 292 (part of).

73

214.

214a

Lot of three (3) coins.

214b

214c

($100)

214a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.09 g, 5h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear / ABVNDANTIA AVG, Abundantia standing right, emptying cornucopiae; B in left field. MIR 36, 574r; RIC V (sole reign) 157 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1163. Near EF, toned.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1989. Ex C. J. Martin (September 1989), no. R101.

MIR Plate Coin 214b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.77 g, 5h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, viewed from front (with aegis?) / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; ς in right field. MIR 36, 586 l (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 193 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1217 var. (bust type). Good VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 538.

The bust on this coin has two short bars projecting from the chest, probably suggesting the presence of an aegis or gorgoneion, viewed from the side. This feature is absent from the example illustrated in the Cunetio hoard report, but MIR does not note it or distinguish between this bust and others which are otherwise similar.

Unique and MIR Plate Coin 214c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.04 g, 12h). Rome mint, 10th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGVSTI, Mars / Virtus standing left, holding branch and long vertical spear or sceptre; foot rests on helmet; X in left field. MIR 36, 636i (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 330 var. (obv. legend and bust type); Cunetio 1278 var. (bust type). Good VF, brown surfaces, minor green deposits, areas of weak strike. Apparently unique, this is the sole example noted by MIR. Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1990. Ex Jacquier FPL 12 (Autumn 1990), no. 330.

This appears to be the only known specimen of this type with this bust.

215. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (15mm, 1.35 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head right / AETERNITAS AVG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding globe. MIR 36, 576ff var. (obv. legend); RIC V – (cf. denarius, sole reign 348); King 7A var. (obv. legend). Good VF, green patina. ($500) Ex Ars Antiqua I (3 November 2000), lot 398.

This coin has been placed at this point in the series on the basis of its reverse type. The obverse legend was used on some aurei and antoniniani of Issue 9 (MIR 666, 667, 669, 673, 680, and 683), but not in combination with this reverse type.

74

216.

216a

Lot of three (3) coins.

216b

216c

($100)

216a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.43 g, 7h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / FECVNDITAS AVG, Fecunditas standing left, holding cornucopiae and extending hand to child. MIR 36, Tafel 133, Hybrid 579a (rev. of Salonina); RIC V (sole reign) 184; Cunetio 1311. VF, areas of coppery surfaces, edge flaws.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 279 (part of).

216b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.82 g, 5h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VBERITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse and cornucopiae; ε in right field. MIR 36, Tafel 133, Hybrid 583aa; RIC V (sole reign) 29; Cunetio –; Normanby 295 (this coin, illustrated). Fine, brown surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 295.

The object held in the figure’s right hand is here described as a purse, as in RIC. See introductory section ‘notes on common types’ for discussion of this.

216c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.27 g, 12h). Rome mint, 8th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / SECVRIT PERPET, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, holding sceptre and leaning on column; H in right field. MIR 36, Tafel 133, Hybrid 595aa; RIC V (sole reign) 27; Cunetio –; Normanby 298 (this coin, illustrated). VF, areas of coppery surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 298.

217 218 217. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Denarius (17.5mm, 2.02 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / FECVNDITAS AVG, Fecunditas standing left, holding cornucopiae and extending hand to child. MIR 36, 579ee; RIC V (sole reign) 35; Cunetio 1426. Near EF, porosity, edge split. ($300) Bought from Spink, 1987. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCV.4 (May 1987), no. 2898; Spink 36 (30 May 1984), lot 245; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

218. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.45 g, 6h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, raising right hand / [VBE]RITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse and cornucopiae; ε in right field. MIR 36, 583n; RIC V (sole reign) 287 var. (bust type and officina mark); Cunetio –; Normanby –; Chalfont –. VF, green and brown patina, light smoothing. ($300) Ex Kovacs XVI (29 September 2004), lot 355.

The object held in the figure’s right hand is here described as a purse, as in RIC. See introductory section ‘notes on common types’ for discussion of this.

75

219.

219a

Lot of three (3) coins.

219b

219c

($75)

219a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 1.92 g). Reverse brockage. Rome mint, 6th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. Obverse blank, but shown imprint of another blank, [FORTVN]A REDVX, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; ς in right field. Reverse as MIR 36, 586, and as RIC V (sole reign) 193. VF, brown patina.

Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 251 (part of).

219b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (17mm, 2.11 g). Reverse brockage. Rome mint, 8th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. Obverse bears incuse impression of reverse legend and design, SECVRIT PERPET, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, holding sceptre and leaning on column; H in right field. Reverse as MIR 36, 597, and as RIC V (sole reign) 280. VF, brown patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

219c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Obverse brockage of an antoninianus (18mm, 1.90 g). Rome mint. 6th-10th issue, AD 260-268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / Blank, apart from impression of another blank. Near VF, brown patina.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1992.

221

220

220. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (16mm, 2.04 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

[GALLIENV]S AVG, radiate and helmeted bust right, spear in right hand, shield on left arm / [FO]RTVNA [REDVX], Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; ς in right field. MIR 36, 586q; RIC V (sole reign) 193. VF, green patina, some roughness, light smoothing. Extremely rare, only one example noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Ex Jacquier 45 (14 September 2018), lot 1012.

221. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (16mm, 1.46 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / SECVRIT PERPET, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, holding sceptre and leaning on column. MIR 36, 591ff; RIC V (sole reign) 372; King 14 (same rev. die as illustration). Near VF, dark green patina, flan split, three spots of deposit on obverse. Extremely rare, only three noted by King (in London, Oxford, and Vienna). ($500) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2011. Ex CGB Rome 30 (2012), no. 259300.

222.

222a

222b

222c Lot of four (4) coins.

222d

($75)

222a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.27 g, 6h). Rome mint, 8th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate bust right, with drapery on left shoulder / SECVRIT PERPET, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, holding sceptre and leaning on column; H in right field. MIR 36, 595b; RIC V (sole reign) 280 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1246 var. (same); Normanby 245 corr. (bust A2 instead of A3; this coin, illustrated). Near VF, coppery brown surfaces.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 245.

76

222b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.96 g, 5h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding standard and sceptre. MIR 36, 599w; RIC V (sole reign) 192a var. (no officina mark); Cunetio 1267. VF. Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 254 (part of).

222c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.34 g, 1h). Rome mint, 11th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / INDVLGENTIA AVG, Indulgentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae, left elbow leaning on column; wheel at feet, to left; XI in exergue. MIR 36, 639a; RIC V (sole reign) 206 var. (position of officina mark); Cunetio 1284 var. (same). Near VF, coppery surfaces, faint porosity. Extremely rare, only one example noted by MIR. Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

222d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.58 g, 6h). Rome mint, 12 officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / CONSERVAT PIETAT, emperor standing left, holding patera and sceptre; kneeling figure at his feet; XII in right field. MIR 36, 647t; RIC V (sole reign) 171a var. (bust type); Cunetio 1299. Fine, coppery surfaces, roughness and porosity, ragged edge. Extremely rare, only one example noted

by MIR (the Cunetio piece, now in the BM).

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

MIR Plate Coin

223. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (16.5mm, 2.49 g, 5h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding standard and sceptre. MIR 36, 599bb (this coin illustrated); RIC V – (cf. quinarius sole reign 367). EF, dark green patina, clashed reverse die. ($150) Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 539.

Unrecorded

224. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19.5mm, 2.00 g, 7h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / IOVIS STATOR, Jupiter standing right, holding sceptre. MIR 36, – [611bb]; RIC V –. VF, green patina, some deposits. ($200) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2014.

A previously unrecorded type.

225. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (16mm, 2.25 g, 6h). Rome mint, 10th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, unclothed except for full aegis covering chest / [VI]RTVS A[VGVSTI], Virtus standing left, holding branch and long vertical spear or sceptre; [foot rests on helmet]; X in left field. MIR 36, – (rev. as 636); RIC V (sole reign) 330 var. (obv. legend and bust type); Cunetio 1278 var. (bust type). Good VF, brown patina, green deposits, tight flan. ($150) Ex Berk BBS 114 (23 May 2000), lot 431.

This is the first recorded specimen of a coin of Gallienus with right-facing bust with full aegis (see introductory chapter on portraiture). This bust is known otherwise only on very rare medallions.

77

226

227

228

226. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 2.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / MARTI PACIFERO, Mars standing left, holding olive branch and spear and resting left arm on shield.

MIR 36, 657t; RIC V (sole reign) 353. EF, toned, thin flan crack, minor deposits. ($200) Ex Sotheby’s (3 October 1991), lot 108.

227. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 1.75 g, 10h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / MARTI PACIFERO, Mars standing left, holding olive branch and spear and resting left arm on shield; A in left field. MIR 36, 658t; RIC V (sole reign) 353 var. (officina mark). Good VF. ($75) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica D (2 March 1994), lot 2087.

228. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19mm, 2.08 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. [IM]P GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / ABVNDANTIA AVG, Abundantia standing right, emptying cornucopiae. MIR 36, 659t; RIC V (sole reign) 346. EF, thin flan cracks. ($200) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 892.

229. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.48 g, 1h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left in consular robes / ABVNDANTIA AVG, Abundantia standing right, emptying cornucopiae. MIR 36, 660 var. (bust type and obv. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 157 var. (same). EF, thin flan crack. ($500) Ex AMP Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica 98, 12 December 2016), lot 1394.

This combination of obverse legend and bust type appears not to have been recorded previously. The bust type is as MIR 681x, which has a longer legend.

230. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (20.5mm, 1.61 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / AETERNITAS [AVG], Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding globe. MIR 36, 661t; RIC V (sole reign) 348. Near EF, brown patina. ($75) Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.2 (March 1989), no. 977.

231. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Light Aureus (16.5mm, 1.37 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / VBERITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding bunch of grapes and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 664b; RIC V (sole reign) 120 (‘quinarius’); Calicó 3594a. Good VF, wavy flan, smoothed, edge marks. ($2000) Ex Maison Palombo 3 (6 May 2006), lot 98.

The object held in the figure’s right hand is here described as a bunch of grapes, as in RIC. See introductory section ‘notes on common types’ for discussion of this.

78

232

233

234

232. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 1.59 g, 5h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / VBERITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding bunch of grapes and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 664t; RIC V (sole reign) 358 var. (rev. legend). Near EF, green patina, flan crack. ($75) Bought from Manton Associates, 1994.

The object held in the figure’s right hand is here described as a bunch of grapes, as in RIC. See introductory section ‘notes on common types’ for discussion of this.

233. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19mm, 2.27 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 666t; RIC V (sole reign) 352 var. (obv. legend). Near EF, deposits. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1991.

234. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 1.82 g, 11h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [666v]; RIC V (sole reign) 352 var. (obv. legend and bust type). Near EF, green patina. ($100) Ex Elsen 89 (9 September 2006), lot 1023.

235

236

235. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19mm, 1.96 g, 1h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / VICTORIA AET, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 669t; RIC V (sole reign) 361; Normanby 388/1 (this coin, illustrated). Good VF, thin flan crack. ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 388/1.

236. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19mm, 2.00 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AET, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, – [669v]; RIC V (sole reign) 361 var. (obv. legend). VF, green patina, flan cracks, scratches on reverse. ($75) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica C (11 March 1993), lot 1984.

237 238 239 237. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18mm, 1.65 g, 7h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / SECVRIT PERPET, Securitas standing left, holding sceptre and leaning on column. MIR 36, 670t; RIC V (sole reign) 355. Near EF, green patina, areas of weak strike. ($75) Ex Rauch 53 (28 November 1994), lot 454.

238. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (17.5mm, 1.38 g, 5h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding standard and sceptre. MIR 36, 672t; RIC V – (cf. quinarius, sole reign 366). Near EF, brown patina. ($100) 239. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.82 g, 5h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 9th issue, AD 265+.

IMP GALLIENVS PIVS FEL AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe / IOVIS [STA]TOR, Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre and thunderbolt; ς in left field. MIR 36, 681x; RIC V (sole reign) 218. Good VF / Good Fine, green patina, rough reverse. ($300) Ex Roma E-Sale 25 (27 February 2016), lot 506.

79

240 241 240. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (18.5mm, 1.98 g, 1h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / ORIENS AVG, Sol walking left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, 682t; RIC V (sole reign) 354 var. (obv. legend). Near VF, green patina, minor smoothing. ($50) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1997.

241. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (19mm, 2.18 g, 1h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVG, Sol walking left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, [682v]; RIC V (sole reign) 354 var. (obv legend and bust type). VF, green patina, smoothing. ($100) Ex Roma E-Sale 41 (2 December 2017), lot 955.

242. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Heavy Aureus (19mm, 5.18 g, 1h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GALLIENVS P F AVG, head left, crowned with reeds / VICTORIA AVG, emperor standing left, holding globe and sceptre, crowned by Victory, standing left behind him. MIR 36, 692b; RIC V (sole reign) 81; Calicó 3614. VF, wavy flan, scratches, holed, edge marks. ($1500) Ex Christie’s New York (13 September 1990), lot 52.

The significance of the crown of reeds has been debated at length in published works. It would seem to be associated with Gallienus’s initiation into the Eleusinian mysteries, but there is still no firm agreement.

243 244 243. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius / aureus offstrike (20mm, 2.69 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+.

GALLIENVS AVG, laureate head right / VBIQV[E PAX], Victory in biga to right. MIR 36, 695f; RIC V (sole reign) 360 var. (obv. legend). VF, green patina, rough. ($150) Bought from David Miller 2000.

Ex Hunt Collection 244. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (Double?) Sestertius (27.5mm, 15.67 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GENIVS P R, radiate and turreted head right / INT VRB, above and below S C, across field, within wreath. MIR 36, 702h; RIC V (Interregnum) 2; Banti 24; Hunt IV 891 (this coin). Good Fine, green patina, smoothed and tooled. ($150) Ex Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection (Part IV, Sotheby’s New York, 19 June 1991), lot 891; S. Weintraub Collection.

80

245

246

245. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Ӕ Sestertius (26mm, 17.41 g, 12h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. GENIVS [P R], laureate and turreted head right / INT VRB, above and below S C, across field, within wreath. MIR 36, 702i; RIC V (Interregnum) 1; Banti 23; D. Yonge, “The So-Called Interregnum Coinage” in NC 1979, 5 (dies EE/ee – this coin referenced, illustrated on pl.

11). Fine, brown and green patina, some roughness. ($300) Ex B. K. Thurlow Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 41, 19 March 1997), lot 2147.

246. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (Double?) Sestertius (30mm, 23.01 g, 6h). Rome mint. 9th issue, AD 265+. G[ENIVS P R], radiate and turreted head right / S C across field, within wreath. MIR 36, 703h; RIC V (Interregnum) 2 var. (no INT VRB on rev.); Banti –. Near Fine, green patina, some porosity. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 6 (9 June 1997), lot 1243.

The ‘Animal’ Series of Rome Coins of the last issue at Rome – the so-called ‘animal series’ - are catalogued additionally according to Wolkow 2017. This publication provides a rarity guide based on the number of coins of each type found by the author in a total of 10,050 which he examined. This is as follows: C+: C: C-: R: R2: R3: R4: U:

more than 500 between 101 and 500 between 61 and 100 between 31 and 60 between 16 and 30 between 6 and 15 between 2 and 5 unique

247. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.97 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / HERCVLI CONS AVG, lion walking left; A in exergue. MIR 36, 709b; RIC V (sole reign) 201; Wolkow 15a1 (R3); Cunetio 1339. Good VF, green patina. Very rare. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1989.

Ex Normanby Hoard

248. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.41 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / SOLI CONS AVG, Pegasus prancing left; A in exergue. MIR 36, 710b; RIC V (sole reign) 284; Wolkow 25a1 (R3); Cunetio 1338; Normanby 304 (this coin, illustrated). Fine, brown patina, weak strike. Very rare. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 304.

81

Ex Normanby Hoard

249. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.61 g, 11h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / SOLI CONS AVG, Pegasus prancing right; A in exergue. MIR 36, 712z; RIC V (sole reign) 282; Wolkow 26aa1 (R3); Cunetio 1336; Normanby 301/1 (this coin, illustrated). Fine, brown patina, weak strike, flan crack. Very rare. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 301/1.

250

251

252

250. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.47 g, 6h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENUS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LIBERO P CONS AVG, tigress walking left; B in exergue. MIR 36, 713w; RIC V (sole reign) 230; Wolkow 19o2 (R4); Cunetio 1342. Good VF, green patina, spot of red encrustation, faint cleaning scratches. Extremely rare. ($50) Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3373.

251. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.69 g, 1h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENUS AVG, radiate and draped bust left / LIBERO P CONS AVG, tigress walking left; B in exergue. MIR 36, – (as 713, but bust lPv); RIC V (sole reign) 230; Wolkow 19g+2 (R3); Cunetio –. EF, dark green patina, minor roughness on reverse, slightly irregular flan. Very rare. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

252.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.19 g, 12h). Rome mint. 10th issue, AD 267-268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, antelope walking left. MIR 36, – (as 716b, but no officina mark); RIC V (sole reign) 181 var. (no officina mark); Wolkow 7a3 var. (no officina mark); Cunetio 1346. VF, brown patina, small edge splits. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 313 (part of).

253 254 253. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.42 g, 6h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / IVNONI [CONS AVG], Capreolus walking left; Δ in exergue. MIR 36, Tafel 133, Hybrid 725b; RIC V (sole reign) 224; Wolkow –; Cunetio –; Normanby 377/2 (this coin, illustrated). Near VF, brown patina, clashed dies. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 377/2.

A hybrid with reverse of Salonina.

254. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.23 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, left shoulder draped / IOVI CONS AVG, goat walking left; ς in exergue. MIR 36, – [730d]; RIC V (sole reign) 207 var. (bust type); Wolkow 17c6 (R4); Cunetio 1369 var. (same). Near EF, brown patina, minor flan flaw. Extremely rare. ($75) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1989. Reportedly ex Henry Platt Hall Collection.

82

255 256 257 255. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.34 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear pointing forwards and shield on left shoulder / IOVI CONS AVG, goat walking left; ς in exergue. MIR 36, – [730r]; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 17v+6 (U); Cunetio –. Fine, green patina, rough. Extremely rare, apparently the second recorded specimen. ($100) Bought from Byzantium, 1994.

256. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 3.33 g, 11h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / [IOVI C]ONS AVG, goat walking left; [ς in exergue]. MIR 36, 730v; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 17i+6 (R4); Cunetio 1373 var. (bust type). EF, minor red deposits. Extremely rare. ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987.

257. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (26mm, 2.66 g, 12h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear pointing forwards and [shield on left shoulder] / IOVI CONS AVG, goat walking right; [ς in exergue]. MIR 36, – [731r]; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 18v+6 (U); Cunetio –. Good VF, green patina, some roughness. Struck on a broad flan. Extremely rare, apparently the second recorded specimen. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3372.

Ex Normanby Hoard

258. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.04 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / NEPTVNO CONS AVG, Capricorn swimming right; ς in exergue. MIR 36, 732b; RIC V (sole reign) 245; Wolkow 24a3 (R3); Cunetio 1377. EF, brown patina. Very rare. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 338 (part of).

259 260 259. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.25 g, 7h). Rome mint, 7th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear / APOLLINI CONS AVG, centaur walking right, drawing bow; Z in exergue. MIR 36, – [735q]; RIC V (sole reign) 163 var. (bust type); Wolkow 2s+7 (R4); Cunetio –; Normanby 343 (same obv. die). VF, green patina with light earthen deposits. Extremely rare. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 1113.

260. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.64 g, 6h). Rome mint, 7th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and draped bust left / APOLLINI CONS AVG, centaur walking right, drawing bow; Z in exergue.

MIR 36, 735 var. (bust type); RIC V (sole reign) 163 var. (same); Wolkow 2g+7 (R4); Cunetio –. Near EF, brown patina with minor green deposits. Struck on a broad flan. Extremely rare. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2428.

83

Ex Normanby Hoard

261. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.78 g, 7h). Rome mint, 8th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / APOLLINI CONS AVG, centaur walking right, holding globe and rudder; H in exergue. MIR 36, 738u; RIC V (sole reign) 164 var. (bust type); Wolkow 1i8 (R3); Cunetio 1387. Good VF, brown patina, areas of weak strike. Very rare. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 346 (part of).

262 263 262. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 3.11 g, 7h). Rome mint, 10th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. [I] MP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, stag walking left; X in exergue. MIR 36, 744z; RIC V (sole reign) 178 var. (officina mark); Wolkow 11aa10 (R4); Cunetio 1396; Normanby 353 (this coin, illustrated). VF, brown patina, weak strike. Extremely rare. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 353.

263. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.24 g, 1h). Rome mint, 11th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SOLI CONS AVG, bull standing right; XI in exergue.

MIR 36, 749k; RIC V (sole reign) 285 var. (bust type); Wolkow 28q11 (R4); Cunetio 1405. EF, green patina. Extremely rare. ($200) Ex Auctiones e-Auction 32 (21 December 2014), lot 83.

264 265 264. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.45 g, 10h). Rome mint, 12th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, right shoulder draped / DIANAE CONS AVG, gazelle walking left; XII in exergue. MIR 36, 750e; RIC V (sole reign) 181 var. (bust type); Wolkow 13, bust uncertain, possibly unlisted there; Cunetio –. EF, green patina. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

265. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 3.36 g, 11h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / APOLLINI CONS AVG, tigress walking left; B in exergue. MIR 36, –; RIC V –; Wolkow 0a2 (R4); Cunetio –. EF, green patina. Extremely rare. ($150) Ex Gemini XI (12 January 2014), lot 496.

This coin was sold as an extraordinary and previously unrecorded die-sinker’s error, with an incorrect combination of reverse legend and design. The tigress at officina B should be accompanied by the legend LIBERO P CONS AVG. However, Wolkow records four examples, all from the same reverse die, and suggests that this was a very early issue from the ‘animal series’ which was soon abandoned. He describes the animal as a lion, not a tigress or panther.

84

266a 266.

266b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

266a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.58 g, 7h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / HERCVLI CONS AVG, boar running right; ε in exergue. MIR 36, 729b; RIC V (sole reign) 202; Wolkow 16a5 (R); Cunetio 1367. VF. Ex Classical Numismatic Review XX.2 Supplement (Summer 1995), no. 398.

266b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.15 g, 6h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONS AVG, goat walking right; ς in exergue. MIR 36, 731u; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 18i6 (R); Cunetio 1376. Good VF, slightly coppery surfaces, flan split.

Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

267.

267a

267b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

267a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.35 g, 7h). Rome mint, 8th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / MERCVRIO CONS AVG, Hippocamp / Criocamp to right; H in exergue. MIR 36, 741b; RIC V (sole reign) 242; Wolkow 21a8 (R); Cunetio 1389. VF, green patina, light cleaning scratches, areas of corrosion.

Ex Rauch Sommerauktion 2010 (13 September 2010), lot 1208.

267b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.41 g, 12h). Rome mint, 11th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / SOLI CONS AVG, bull standing right; XI in exergue. MIR 36, 749b; RIC V (sole reign) 285; Wolkow 28a11 (R);Cunetio 1404. Good VF, toned, area of weak strike.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

268.

268a Lot of two (2) coins.

268b

($75)

268a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.26 g, 7h). Rome mint, 11th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [D]IANA[E] CONS AVG, gazelle walking left; XI in exergue. MIR 36, 746h; RIC V (sole reign) 181 var. (bust type); Wolkow 13a11 (R); Cunetio –. VF, brown patina with green deposits, some roughness. Rare.

Ex Berk BBS 88 (28 November 1995), lot 525.

Ex Normanby Hoard 268b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.49 g, 6h). Rome mint, 12th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, gazelle walking right; XII in exergue. MIR 36, 751b; RIC V (sole reign) 181; Wolkow 14a12 (R2); Cunetio 1415. VF. Very rare.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 373 (part of).

85

269a

269.

269b

269c Lot of four (4) coins.

269d

($100)

269a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.49 g, 7h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / SOLI CONS AVG, Pegasus prancing right; A in exergue. MIR 36, 712b; RIC V (sole reign) 283; Wolkow 26a1 (C+); Cunetio 1337. EF, brown patina.

Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 851 (June 1990), no. C321 (incorrectly described).

269b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.36 g, 5h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / SOLI CONS AVG, Pegasus prancing right; A in exergue. MIR 36, 712b; RIC V (sole reign) 283; Wolkow 26a1 (C+);Cunetio 1337. EF, brown patina.

Ex Glendining’s (7 March 1990), lot 817 (part of).

269c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.50 g, 10h). Rome mint, 2nd officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / LIBERO P CONS AVG, tigress walking left; B in exergue. MIR 36, 713b; RIC V (sole reign) 230; Wolkow 19a2 (C+); Cunetio 1341. EF, dark brown/green patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVIII.2 (Second Quarter, 1993), no. 222.

269d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 2.69 g, 12h). Rome mint, 9th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / NEPTVNO CONS AVG, Hippocamp to right; N in exergue. MIR 36, 743b; RIC V (sole reign) 245; Wolkow 23a9 (C+); Cunetio 1392. VF, slightly coppery surfaces, double struck on a broad flan, flan flaw on reverse.

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

Double-struck on over-large and thin flan. MIR Tafel 131, T47 is another example of the same type also struck on an overlarge flan.

270.

270a

270b

270c Lot of four (4) coins.

270d

($100)

270a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 2.31 g, 11h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / IO[V]I CONS AVG, goat walking left; ς in exergue. MIR 36, 730b; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 17a6 (C); Cunetio 1368. EF, brown patina.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

270b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.88 g, 5h). Rome mint, 6th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / IOVI CONS AVG, goat walking right; ς in exergue. MIR 36, 731b; RIC V (sole reign) 207; Wolkow 18a6 (C); Cunetio 1375. Near EF, brown patina, edge splits.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

86

270c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.79 g, 6h). Rome mint, 7th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / APOLL[INI C]ONS AVG, centaur walking right, drawing bow; Z in exergue. MIR 36, 735b; RIC V (sole reign) 163; Wolkow 2a7 (C+); Cunetio 1378. EF, brown patina.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249.

270d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 3.00 g, 1h). Rome mint, 8th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / APOLLINI C[ONS AV]G, centaur walking right, holding globe and rudder; H in exergue. MIR 36, 738b; RIC V (sole reign) 164; Wolkow 1a8 (C+); Cunetio 1386. Near EF, browngreen patina.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

271a

271.

271c

Lot of five (5) coins.

271b

271d

271e

($100)

271a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.10 g, 11h). Rome mint, 4th officina. 10th issue, AD 267-268. COR SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNONI CONS AVG, Capreolus walking left; Δ in exergue. MIR 36, 725cc; RIC V (sole reign) 16;Wolkow 29aa4 (C); Cunetio 1418. Fine, brown patina, green deposits.

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

This is a rare variety, with the Capreolus standing, not walking; see Cunetio p. 189 and fig. 9, no. 17.

271b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.61 g, 7h). Rome mint, 3rd officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENUS AVG, radiate head right / DIA[NAE C]ONS AVG, antelope walking left; Γ in exergue. MIR 36, 716b; RIC V (sole reign) 181 var. (officina mark); Wolkow 7a3 (C+); Cunetio 1344. EF, green-brown patina, green deposit.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

271c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.32 g, 1h). Rome mint, 5th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, doe walking right, looking left; ε in exergue. MIR 36, 728z; RIC V (sole reign) 176; Wolkow 10aa5 (C); Cunetio 1357. EF, green patina, small edge split.

Bought from Spink, 1992.

271d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.87 g, 7h). Rome mint, 10th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, stag walking left; X in exergue. MIR 36, 744b; RIC V (sole reign) 179; Wolkow 11a10 (C); Cunetio 1397. Good VF, pale green-brown patina, green deposit.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

271e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.15 g, 5h). Rome mint, 11th officina. 10th issue, AD 267268. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CON[S AVG], gazelle walking right; XI in exergue. MIR 36, 747b; RIC V (sole reign) 181; Wolkow 14a11 (C+); Cunetio 1401. EF, brown surfaces, small mark.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 249 (part of).

87

272. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (35mm, 24.83 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th-10th issue, AD 260-268. GALLIENVS PIVS FEL AVG, head right, wearing lion-skin headdress / [M]ONETA AVG, the three Monetae standing half left, each holding scales and cornucopiae; piles of coins at their feet. MIR 36, 754k; Gnecchi II, 20, and Tafel 114, 5. Fine, dark gray surfaces with earthen deposits, some roughness, flan crack, cleaning scratches. ($1000) Ex London Ancient Coins 45 (8 September 2015), lot 251.

Ex Brand Collection

273. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (28.5mm, 17.17 g, 12h). Rome mint. 6th-10th issue, AD 260-268. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head right / MONETA AVG, the three Monetae standing half left, each holding scales and cornucopiae; piles of coins at their feet. MIR 36, 775Aa; Gnecchi vol. II, p. 107, no. 11. VF, silvered, toned, areas of roughness. ($2000) Ex I. Vecchi 4 (5 December 1996), lot 336; Numismatica Ars Classica E (4 April 1996), lot 3153; Virgil M. Brand Collection (Part 1, Sotheby’s Zurich, 1 July 1982), lot 110.

274. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (17.5mm, 1.85 g, 6h). Mule with reverse of Claudius II. Rome mint.

GALLIE[NVS AVG], radiate head right / ANNONA AVG, Annona standing left, foot on prow, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae. Normanby 382/2 (this coin, illustrated); reverse as RIC V 18 of Claudius II. VF, brown patina. ($50) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 382/2.

This appears to be an official striking, combining an obverse of Gallienus’s final issue at Rome with a reverse of Claudius II, It can only be assumed that this coin was struck in the immediate aftermath of Gallienus’s murder and the accession of Claudius II, when there must have been some confusion at the mint.

88

Mint of Viminacium A mint at Viminacium, on the River Danube in modern Serbia, operated from the very start of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus in AD 253. Its main purpose was to supply coinage to pay the army on the Danube frontier. It was closed, in AD 257 according to MIR, and its personnel and equipment transferred to Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne). Unsurprisingly many of the reverse inscriptions and designs utilised were of a military nature, celebrating victories or praising the loyalty of the soldiers.

275.

275b

275a Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

275a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.90 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 1a. IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA GERMANICA, Victory standing left, resting right hand on shield and holding palm; seated captive on ground to left. MIR 36, 793d; RIC V 264 (Milan); Chalfont 323 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 760. Good VF, toned.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 15 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 323.

275b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 2.91 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 1b. IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRT[V]S AVGG, Virtus standing left, holding Victory in right hand, left hand resting on shield on ground and holding sceptre. MIR 36, 795d corr. (obv. legend); RIC V 270 (Milan), Cunetio – (but rev. as 770 of issue 2a). Good VF, wavy flan.

Bought from Tyll Kroha, Kölner Münzkabinett, 1989.

MIR (Tabelle 23) gives obverse legend IMP VALERIANVS P AVG for this type, but the illustration on Tafel 63 shows that it is IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG, as on this coin. Both RIC and Cunetio describe the item in the left hand of Virtus as a spear, Cunetio adding ‘point upwards’. However, MIR illustrates this type (Tafel 155, 657) with a sceptre, without point, as on this coin.

276.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ As (25.5mm, 14.31 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2a. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS, within wreath. MIR 36, 797g; Gnecchi Pl. 154, 7 var. (obv. legend), there described as a medallion. VF, green patina, cleaning marks. ($1000) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 36 (5 December 1995), lot 2470.

Formerly classed as a medallion, this item is now regarded as belonging to the series of bronze coins, presumably Asses, struck at Viminacium.

277 278 277.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.65 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIAE EXERCITI, Concordia standing left, holding patera over altar, and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 802d; RIC V 235 (Milan); Cunetio –; Chalfont 324; Eauze 1373. Very rare, only two pieces noted by MIR (the Eauze piece illustrated, the Chalfont coin is presumably the other example). ($75) Ex Berk BBS 179 (24 May 2012), lot 370.

The reverse inscription appears to be grammatically incorrect. The word ‘exercitus’ (army) is a 4th declension noun, with genitive ‘exercitūs’.

‘Exerciti’ would be correct only for a 1st declension noun. Perhaps the die-sinker at this frontier mint was not a native Latin speaker!

278.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ As (25mm, 6.81 g, 7h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCOR EXERC, Concordia standing left, holding patera over altar, and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [803g]; RIC V –. Good Fine, green patina, minor scuffs. ($200) Ex Gorny & Mosch 115 (5 March 2002), lot 1772.

89

279.

279a Lot of two (2) coins.

279b

($75)

279a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.59 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCOR EXERC, Concordia standing left, holding patera over altar, and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 803d; RIC V 233 (Milan); Cunetio 761; Wareham 304b (this coin). Good VF, weak strike, shallow mark in field.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1995. Ex Wareham, Dorset, Hoard (1994) [IRBCH –; CHRB X, 36], no. 304b.

279b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.47 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCOR LEGG, Concordia seated left, holding patera and double cornucopiae. MIR 36, 804d; RIC V 236 (Milan); Cunetio 763. EF, toned.

Ex Sotheby’s (30 March 1995), lot 1258.

280.

280a Lot of two (2) coins.

280b

($75)

280a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 4.15 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIAE MILITVM, Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 805o; RIC V (joint reign) 379 (Milan); Cunetio –; Chalfont –; Eauze –. Near EF, flan flaw, edge split, areas of toning.

Bought from Galata 1986. Ex March catalogue, no. 146.

280b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.55 g, 11h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards, one vertical, one transverse. MIR 36, 807d; RIC V 241 (Milan); Cunetio 765. EF, toned, edge split.

Bought from Seaby, 1980. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 747 (November 1980), no. C858.

281 282 281. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (25mm, 7.28 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCOR MIL, Concordia standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [806v]; RIC V –. Near EF, green patina, some smoothing. ($500) Ex Roma E-Sale 9 (28 June 2014), lot 585.

282. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (26mm, 13.50 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TEMPORVM FELICITAS, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 810v; Gnecchi p. 54 and Tav. 154, 19 (there catalogued as a medallion). Good VF, green patina, smoothing. Extremely rare, MIR notes one example, the Gnecchi piece. ($500) Ex Sternberg XXXIII (18 September 1997), lot 304.

Like lot 271, this coin was also at one time considered to be a medallion.

90

283a 283.

283b

283c

Lot of three (3) coins.

($100)

283a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.09 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2b. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TEMPORVM FELICITAS, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 810d; RIC V 259 (Milan); Cunetio 768. VF, porosity, deposits.

Bought from Byzantium, 2000.

283b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 4.07 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SECVLI FELICITAS, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 822o var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 396 var. (bust type; Milan); Cunetio –. Near EF. Struck on a broad flan.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

MIR does not record the reading SECVLI, although the coin illustrated as 822c does have this spelling. RIC records both versions.

283c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.23 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLI FELICITAS, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [822q]; RIC V (joint reign) 396 var. (bust type; Milan); Cunetio –. Near EF, toned, minor green deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

MIR does not record this bust type with this reverse.

284.

284a Lot of two (2) coins.

284b

($100)

284a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.16 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PROVID AVGG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at her feet; pellet or die flaw in right field. MIR 36, 818q; RIC V (joint reign) 395 (Milan); Cunetio 773. EF, toned.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

Some coins of this type have a star in the right field on the reverse (MIR 820q), but the mark on this coin, of indeterminate shape, does not appear to be deliberate.

284b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.08 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising robe. MIR 36, 827o; RIC V (joint reign) 403 (Milan); Cunetio –. EF, lightly toned, flan crack, edge split.

Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3358.

285. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (23.5mm, 9.21 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising robe. MIR 36, 827w; Gnecchi vol.

3, p. 55 and Tafel 154, 20 (there catalogued as a medallion). VF, pale green patina, roughness around edges. Extremely rare, MIR notes one example, the Gnecchi piece. ($300) Ex Gorny & Mosch 147 (6 March 2006), lot 2275.

Like lots 271 and 282, this coin was also at one time considered to be a medallion.

91

Unpublished Aureus

286. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Aureus (19.5mm, 3.56 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, emperor standing left, foot on helmet, holding globe and sceptre. MIR 36, –; RIC V (joint reign) 305 var. (bust type; Milan); Calicó –. Good VF, polished, edge marks, small scratch.

Unpublished, apparently unique. ($3000) Ex Roma E-Sale 21 (31 October 2015), lot 862.

MIR does not record this reverse type at all. MIR 830 has the figure, there described as Mars, holding globe and spear, but on this coin the attribute is definitely a sceptre, without point at either end. RIC describes the figure, there identified as the emperor, holding a sceptre, but with a different obverse bust. The reference is to Cohen 1308, without stating the location of the coin.

Unpublished Denarius / Aureus Offstrike

287.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Denarius or aureus offstrike (20.5mm, 3.31 g, 7h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, emperor standing left, foot on helmet, holding globe and sceptre. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Near VF, green patina, minor smoothing. ($500) Ex Freeman & Sear FPL 9 (Spring 2004), no. 99.

The reverse of this coin is as that of the aureus (Lot 286). MIR records only one ‘denarius’ of Viminacium (Lot 288), which is also listed as either a denarius or an aureus offstrike. A similar coin, probably from the same dies, was sold in the Obolos Webauction 6, 20 November 2016, lot 869, where it was described as a contemporary cast imitation. Without having seen the actual coin, I suspect that is not actually the case.

My example is also in very base billon, but appears to have been struck in the normal way.

MIR Illustrated Denarius / Aureus Offstrike – Ex Benz Collection

288. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius / aureus offstrike (19.5mm, 1.89 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, helmeted figure standing facing, head left, right foot on helmet, holding globe and spear. MIR 36, 830s (this coin, erroneously placed in column r in Tabelle 23); RIC V –; Doyen 1985, p. 109, 19 (this coin). Near VF, green deposits, flan flaw. ($200) Ex Leo Benz Collection (Lanz 100, 20 November 2000), lot 347; Lanz 16 (24 April 1979), lot 602.

The item held in the left hand of the figure on the reverse is clearly a spear, with point downwards, whereas that on the previous two coins is a sceptre, without any point.

289.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (27mm, 11.91 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. Issue 2c(?). IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / MON[ETA] A[VGG], the three Monetae standing facing, looking left, each holding cornucopiae and with pile of coins at her feet. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. VF, green patina, light smoothing, roughness on reverse. ($1000) Ex Asta Numismatica “Cesare” (Tinia & Varesi, 7 April 2018), lot 796.

Apparently an unpublished reverse for a bronze coin of Viminacium, but a second specimen, probably from the same dies, formed lot 2392 in the Numismatica Ars Classica 92, 24 May 2016.

92

290.

290b

290a

Lot of three (3) coins.

290c ($100)

290a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.11 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3b. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing right, feeding from patera snake held in her arms. MIR 36, 836o; RIC V (joint reign) 398 var. (bust type; Milan); Cunetio –; Eauze 1422. VF, toned, light mark in toning, cleaning scratches on small coppery area. Extremely rare, only one noted in MIR (in the BM), one additional in the Eauze hoard.

Ex Glendining’s (14 December 1989), lot 524 (part of).

290b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.35 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / GERMANICVS MAXIMVS, trophy of arms, with seated captive on either side. MIR 36, 840n; RIC V (joint reign) 382 (Milan); Cunetio –. Near VF, toned.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

290c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.54 g, 7h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICT GERM, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 845o; RIC V (joint reign) 404 (Milan); Cunetio 785 corr. (bust D1); Wareham 313 (this coin). VF, weak strike, flan flaws, edge splits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1995. Ex Wareham, Dorset, Hoard (1994) [IRBCH –; CHRB X, 36], no. 313.

The First ‘Military’ Bust

291. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.14 g, 5h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, cuirassed(?) bust right, shield on right shoulder, spear pointing forwards and upwards / GERMANICVS MAXIMVS, trophy of arms, with seated captive on either side. MIR 36, 840l1; RIC V (joint reign) 382 var. (bust type; Milan).

Near VF, some roughness and deposits. Extremely rare, only one noted in MIR (from the Clamerey hoard). ($100) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2015.

This appears to be the earliest example of a military bust, with spear and shield, on a circulating, non-provincial coin of the Roman Empire.

See introductory chapter on portraiture for further discussion.

293 292 292. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (24mm, 7.64 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / GERMANICVS MAXIMVS, trophy of arms, with seated captive on either side.

MIR 36, 840s; RIC V –. VF, green patina, smoothing. ($150) Ex Gorny & Mosch 170 (13 October 2008), lot 2759.

293. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (24.5mm, 7.39 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICT GERM, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 845s var. (bust type); RIC V –. VF, slightly chipped green patina, brown earthen deposits. ($300) Ex Rauch Sommerauktion 2013 (18 September 2013), lot 887.

93

294.

294a

294b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

294a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.09 g, 7h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICT PART, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 847b; RIC V 262 (Milan); Cunetio 787. Near VF, toned.

Ex “Bavarian Collection” (Numismatic Fine Arts XXXI, 18 March 1993), lot 1118, purchased from J. Fejér, Budapest, 1916.

294b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.38 g, 6h). Viminacium mint. Issue 3c. IMP VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICT PARTI (sic), Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; captive at feet. MIR 36, 847b var. (rev. legend); RIC V 262 (Milan) var. (same). Near VF, toned, weak strike.

Ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 1 (25 June 2017), lot 1190.

This abbreviation of the reverse legend does not seem to have been recorded previously.

Diva Mariniana Quinarius

295.

Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Quinarius (15mm, 1.29 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right / CONSECRATIO, peacock flying right, carrying empress. MIR 36, 850c; RIC V 8 corr. (peacock to right) var. (bust not diademed; Rome); King 6. VF, some roughness. Extremely rare, only two noted by King (in Brussels and Paris). ($500) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica A (27 February 1991), lot 1936.

296.

296b

296a Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

296a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.44 g, 12h). Viminacium mint. CORN SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENERI GENETRICI, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre. MIR 36, 855b; RIC V (joint reign) 61 (Milan); Cunetio –. Near EF, toned, areas of weak strike, minor red deposits, edge split.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

296b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.74 g, 1h). Viminacium mint. CORN SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VESTA, Vesta standing left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, 859b; RIC V (joint reign) 39 (Rome); Cunetio 792. Good VF, toned.

Ex Burgan 22 (24 March 1990), lot 244.

94

Unpublished Quinarius

297. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Quinarius (16.5mm, 2.02 g, 5h). Viminacium mint. CORN SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / VESTA, Vesta standing left, holding torch(?), pointing downwards, and raising left hand.

MIR 36, –, RIC V –. VF, porous. ($500) Ex ArtCoins Roma E-Auction 28 (15 July 2015), lot 474.

The style of the bust on this coin is highly suggestive of Viminacium, cf aureus 859a, but the reverse type appears to be completely unrecorded on any Roman coin. The object in Vesta’s right hand is uncertain, but it does not look like a patera, and there is no sceptre in her left hand.

298.

298a Lot of two (2) coins.

298b

($75)

298a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.59 g, 7h). Viminacium mint. P LIC VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / [I]OVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter riding on goat to right.

MIR 36, 860b; RIC V 13 (Rome); Cunetio 793. VF, toned, scratches.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

298b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.24 g, 5h). Viminacium mint. P LIC VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PIETAS AGG (sic), sacrificial implements. MIR 36, 862b var. (rev. legend); RIC V 19 note (Rome); Cunetio 794 var. (rev. legend). VF, toned, flan crack.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1987.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

Unique Medallion

299.

Gallienus, with Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (32mm, 15.98 g, 12h). Viminacium mint(?). _ _ _ [ ] GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate head right / CONCORDIA AVGG, laureate and cuirassed bust of Gallienus to right, facing diademed and draped bust of Salonina to left. N. M. McQ. Holmes, “Were ‘Non-Local’ Valerianic Medallions Struck at Viminacium?,” in NC 2017, fig. 4 (this coin), otherwise unpublished. VF, green patina, minor roughness. Overstruck on an uncertain issue. Apparently unique. ($1000) Ex Roma E-Sale 24 (30 January 2016), lot 636; Numismatica Ars Classica 40 (16 May 2007), lot 813.

This medallion appears to have been completely unknown prior to its appearance on the market in 2007. I have placed it in the Viminacium section of this catalogue on the basis of the obverse legend, (GALLIENVS P AVG), although the first part of the legend is illegible owing to corrosion. I published the medallion, along with a discussion of the whole question of the attribution of medallions to Viminacium, in a paper in Numismatic Chronicle (Holmes 2017a).

95

Mint of Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) The mint at Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne), on the Rhine frontier in Germany, was established by transferring equipment and personnel from Viminacium, this being dated in MIR to AD 257. Its main purpose was to supply coinage for paying the troops stationed on the frontier, and this is reflected in the military nature of many of its reverse types. Most of the antoninianus types are common today, and must have been issued in enormous numbers, but there are some scarce or rare varieties. Quinarii and gold issues, by contrast, are all excessively rare. The mint was taken over by Postumus at the conclusion of the siege in AD 260 and subsequently struck coins in his name.

300.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.58 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. IMP VALERIANVS PIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / GALLIENVS CVM EXER SVO, Jupiter standing facing, holding Victory and sceptre, on cippus inscribed IOVI / VIC / TORI. MIR 36, 867a; RIC V 7; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. Good VF, lightly toned, small deposit. Extremely rare, only one noted in MIR (in the ANS). ($400) Ex Triton I (2 December 1997), lot 1623.

Although ostensibly a coin of Valerian I, this was clearly intended to emphasise the role of Gallienus as commander-in-chief of troops on the western frontier.

301a

301.

301c Lot of five (5) coins.

301b

301d

301e

($200)

301a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.14 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. IMP VALERIANVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol running left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, 868c; RIC V 10; Chalfont 284/1 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio –; Stevenage –. VF, light marks.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 284/1.

301b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.15 g, 1h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol running left, right hand raised, left holding whip. MIR 36, 868h; RIC V 12; Cunetio 708; Stevenage 483. EF, toned, edge split, minor green deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

301c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.39 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear / IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing facing, holding Victory and sceptre, on cippus inscribed IMP / C E S. MIR 36, 870d; RIC V (joint reign) 21; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. EF, toned.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1982.

301d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24.5mm, 4.71 g, 6h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing facing, holding Victory and sceptre, on cippus inscribed IMP / C E S. MIR 36, 870f; RIC V (joint reign) 22; Cunetio –; Stevenage 479. EF, toned, edge split. Struck on a broad flan.

Ex “Bavarian Collection” (Numismatic Fine Arts XXXI, 18 March 1993), lot 1121, purchased from Brūder Egger, Vienna, 1 March 1925.

301e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.63 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS AVG GERM V, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / FIDES MILITVM, eagle standing left, head turned back, on globe; standard on either side. MIR 36, 871q; RIC V (joint reign) 16; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. Good VF, toned. Struck on a broad flan.

Bought from Spink, 1986. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCIV.10 (December 1986), no. 8195.

96

302.

302a Lot of three (3) coins.

302b

302c

($100)

302a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.13 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / GERMANVS (sic) MAX V, trophy between two seated captives. MIR 36, 872l var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 18 var. (same). Good VF, toned, weak strike.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2003. Ex Jacquier FPL 30 (Spring 2003), no. 428.

Die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

302b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.26 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / GERMANICVS MAX V, trophy between two seated captives. MIR 36, 872m; RIC V (joint reign) 18; Cunetio 716; Stevenage 487. Near EF, toned, weak reverse strike, numerous edge splits.

Bought from Seaby, 1978. Reportedly ex Beachy Head, Sussex, Hoard.

302c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.59 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS AVG GERM V, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / GERMANICVS MAX V, trophy between two seated captives. MIR 36, 872q; RIC V (joint reign) 19; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. VF, toned, porous.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

303a

303.

303c

Lot of five (5) coins.

303b

303d

303e

($150)

303a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.27 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS AVG GERM V, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / VICTORIA GERMANICA, Victory standing right on globe, between two seated captives, holding wreath and trophy. MIR 36, 873q; RIC V (joint reign) 52 corr. (obv. legend); Cunetio –; Stevenage 497. Good VF, toned, light porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

303b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.12 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right (wreath ties a) / VICT GERMANICA, Victory standing right on globe, between two seated captives, holding wreath and trophy. MIR 36, 874n; RIC V (joint reign) 49; Cunetio 722; Eauze 1497; Stevenage 494. Near EF, light marks in faint toning. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (the Eauze coin).

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 24 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 298 (part of).

303c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 4.13 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICT GERMANICA, Victory walking right, holding wreath and trophy. MIR 36, 875d; RIC V (joint reign) 40; Cunetio –; Stevenage 477. Good VF, weak strike, die break on obverse. Rare.

Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1984.

97

303d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.73 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / VICT GERMANICA, Victory walking right, holding wreath and trophy. MIR 36, 875m; RIC V (joint reign) 42; Cunetio 721; Stevenage –. Near EF/VF, toned, weak reverse strike, edge split. Rare.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

303e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.40 g, 6h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICT GERMANICA, Victory running left, holding wreath and trophy, treading down fallen enemy. MIR 36, 893h; RIC V (joint reign) 44; Cunetio 724; Stevenage 513. Good VF/VF, weak reverse strike.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1987.

304. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.36 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257260. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVT GALLIAR, Gallienus standing left, holding spear, raising kneeling figure of Gaul. MIR 36, 878f; RIC V (joint reign) 30 var. (emperor holds sceptre); Cunetio –; Stevenage –.

EF, toned, edge split. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the BM). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

All catalogues describe the object held by the emperor as a sceptre, but on this coin it is clearly a spear, with point upwards.

305.

305a Lot of two (2) coins.

305b

($100)

305a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.12 g, 6h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. IMP GALLIENVS PIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR GALLIAR, Gallienus standing left, holding sceptre(?), raising kneeling figure of Gaul. MIR 36, 877b; RIC V (joint reign) 32; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. VF, toned, minor porosity.

Ex Burgan 22 (24 March 1990), lot 242.

305b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.90 g, 1h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / RESTIT GALLIAR, Gallienus standing left, holding spear or sceptre, raising kneeling figure of Gaul. MIR 36, 879l; RIC V (joint reign) 29 corr. (bust type); Cunetio –; Stevenage 491. Good VF, toned. Rare.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 24 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 295 (part of).

The object held by the emperor is less clear on this coin than on Lot 304, but it also appears to have a spearhead at the top.

306.

306a Lot of three (3) coins.

306b

306c

($100)

306a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.57 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, figure walking right, holding spear and trophy. MIR 36, 882l; RIC V (joint reign) 56; Cunetio 730; Stevenage 495. Good VF, lightly toned.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

The figure on the reverse is described in RIC and MIR as Mars, but in the Cunetio and Stevenage reports as a personification of Virtus. On this coin he clearly wears a laurel wreath, so is probably intended to represent the emperor. (See introductory chapter entitled The concept and representation of Virtus.)

98

306b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.38 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. VALERIANVS · P · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, figure standing left, holding Victory and sceptre. MIR 36, 887d; RIC V 24 var. (rev. type); Chalfont 308 (this coin); Cunetio 712; Stevenage 506. VF, light porosity, lamination flaw on reverse.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1993. Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 13 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 308.

The identity of the figure on the reverse is again uncertain, although most catalogues list him as a personification of Virtus. RIC describes him as a soldier. Descriptions also vary from one catalogue to another. RIC 24 has the figure holding Victory, but without sceptre. MIR does not mention the sceptre either. In the Cunetio and Stevenage reports the figure is described as holding ‘Victory on globe and long vertical spear (points up)’. On this coin the figurine of Victory does not stand on a globe, and the vertical item has no points, so is presumably a sceptre, not a spear. The main figure wears a crested helmet and, apparently, armour, with part of a cloak hanging down behind him. He may, therefore, be Mars, but could equally be the emperor. Since all coin iconography is essentially about the emperor, I favour the latter interpretation.

306c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.76 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRT GALLIENI AVG, emperor striding right, holding spear and shield, treading down fallen enemy. MIR 36, 890h; RIC V (joint reign) 54; Cunetio 728; Stevenage 515. Good VF, toned.

Bought from Spink, 1981.

307.

Lot of four (4) coins.

307a

307b

307c

307d

($100)

307a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.13 g, 1h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. VALERIANVS [· P] · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DEO VOLKANO, Vulcan standing left within temple, holding hammer and pincers; anvil at his feet. MIR 36, 884d; RIC V 5; Cunetio 706; Stevenage 503. Good VF, toned, irregular edge.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

307b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 5.14 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. VALERIANVS · P · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DEO VOLKANO, Vulcan standing left within temple, holding hammer and pincers; no anvil at his feet. MIR 36, 885d; RIC V 5; Cunetio 706; Stevenage 503. Fine, toned, faint porosity, weak strike.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

307c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.54 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. VALERIANVS · P · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVGG, Sol standing left, raising right hand and holding globe. MIR 36, 886c; RIC V 13; Cunetio 707; Stevenage 504. EF, lightly toned, edge splits.

Bought from Seaby, 1985. Ex Oliver’s Orchard, Colchester, Essex Hoard (1983) [IRBCH 696].

307d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.98 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint.

Struck AD 257-260. GALLIENVS · P · F · AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / DEO MARTI, Mars standing left within temple, holding spear and shield. MIR 36, 889h; RIC V (Joint reign) 10; Cunetio 713; Stevenage 507. EF, toned, red deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

99

308.

Lot of four (4) coins.

308a

308b

308c

308d

($100)

308a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.46 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS FELIX, Venus seated left, holding sceptre; before her, child standing right, raising arms to Venus. MIR 36, 898c; RIC V (joint reign) 7; Cunetio 733; Stevenage 498. Good VF, toned, flan flaws.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1981.

308b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 5.43 g, 1h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS VICTRIX, Venus standing left, holding apple and palm and resting left arm on shield. MIR 36, 899c; cf. RIC V (joint reign) 68 (Asia); Cunetio 734; Stevenage 499. Near EF, lightly toned.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1984.

RIC described the object held in Venus’s right hand as an apple, whereas MIR does not record this detail. In the Cunetio and Stevenage catalogues it is described as a helmet, but it appears far too small for that.

308c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.11 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VESTA, Vesta seated left, holding Victory and sceptre. MIR 36, 900c; cf. RIC V (joint reign) 70 (Asia); Cunetio 736; Stevenage 500. Near EF, toned, edge split.

Bought from Seaby, 1979.

308d Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.57 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS VICTRIX, Venus standing right, seen from rear, leaning on column and holding palm branch and helmet / apple. MIR 36, 904c; RIC V (joint reign) 8 (incomplete description); Cunetio 735; Stevenage 519. Good VF, toned, green deposits, cleaning scratches, flan crack.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

309.

309a Lot of two (2) coins.

309b

($100)

309a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 2.90 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / DEAE SEGETIAE, goddess standing facing, both arms raised, within temple. MIR 36, 902c; RIC V (joint reign) 5; Cunetio 731; Stevenage 518. Good VF, toned.

Ex Lanz 68 (6 June 1994), lot 714.

309b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.71 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-260. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / DEAE SEGETINO (sic), goddess standing facing, both arms raised, within temple. MIR 36, 902c var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 5 var. (same); Cunetio 731 var. (same); Stevenage 518 var. (same). Good VF/VF, toned, weak reverse strike, edge splits, clashed reverse die.

Ex Hauck & Aufhäuser 18 (5 October 2004), lot 535.

Die-sinker’s error in reverse legend – apparently a confusion between the legends DEAE SEGETIAE and DEO VOLKANO.

100

310.

310a Lot of two (2) coins.

310b

($100)

310a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.72 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-258. VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / IOVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter seated on Amalthean goat to right. MIR 36, 907e; RIC V 3; Cunetio 738; Stevenage 501. Near EF, toned.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

310b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.21 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 257-258. VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / IOVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter seated on Amalthean goat to right. MIR 36, 907e; RIC V 3; Cunetio 738; Stevenage 501. VF, toned, green deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1987.

The portrait of the young Caesar on this coin is of a far more mature type than normal. Valerian II is usually depicted as a child on both lifetime and posthumous coinages, but here he is shown as a young man.

311.

Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.99 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258. DIVO VALERIANO CAES, radiate and draped bust right / CONSACRATIO, four-tiered funeral pyre surmounted

by Valerian II in quadriga. MIR 36, 909e; RIC V 10; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. Good VF, toned. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

312.

312a

312b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($150)

312a Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.78 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258. DIVO VALERIANO CAES, radiate and draped bust right / CONSACRATIO, eagle standing left, head turned back. MIR 36, 910e; RIC V 8; Cunetio 741; Stevenage 521. Near EF, toned, weak reverse strike, faint porosity, green deposits.

Bought from Seaby, 1989. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 843 (September 1989), no. C497.

312b Divus Valerian II. Died AD 258. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.16 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258. DIVO VALERIANO CAES, radiate and draped bust right / CONSACRATIO, eagle flying right, carrying prince to heaven. MIR 36, 911e; RIC V 9; Cunetio 740; Stevenage 520. EF, toned, slightly ragged edge.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1991.

Extremely Rare Saloninus Aureus

313. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. AV Aureus (18.5mm, 2.57 g, 7h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, draped bust right, head bare / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing left, holding baton and spear; trophy and shields on right. MIR 36, 913b; RIC V 3; Calicó 3692. Near VF, wavy flan, mount marks, various scratches and marks. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the Staatliche Museen, Berlin). ($2000) Ex Glendining’s (3 February 1993), lot 174.

101

314.

314a

314b

314c

314d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($100)

314a Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.48 g, 1h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, prince standing left, holding baton and spear; trophy and shields on right. MIR 36, 913e; RIC V 12; Cunetio –; Stevenage 523. VF, toned, with areas of darker toning.

Bought from Spink, 1988.

314b Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.93 g, 6h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PIETAS AVG, sacrificial implements. MIR 36, 914e; RIC V 9; Cunetio 744; Stevenage 524. Near EF, toned, weak reverse strike.

Bought from Spink, 1979. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular LXXXVI (March 1978), no. 3255.

314c Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.89 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising fold of robe. MIR 36, 915e; RIC V 13 corr. (Spes walks left, not right); Cunetio 745; Stevenage 525. VF, lightly toned, green deposits, weak strike.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1982.

314d Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.16 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. Struck AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising fold of robe. MIR 36, 915e; RIC V 13 corr. (Spes walks left, not right); Cunetio 745; Stevenage 525. Good VF, toned, obverse die breaks.

Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3365.

An interesting example of a coin struck from a severely cracked obverse die.

Two Very Rare Issues of Saloninus as Augustus

315.

Saloninus. July-August AD 261. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.00 g, 6h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. IMP SALON VALERIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / FELICITAS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceua and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 916f; RIC V –; Cunetio –; Stevenage –. Very rare. ($2000) Ex Jacquier 41 (16 September 2016), lot 207 (hammer €2800); South Petherton, Somerset, Hoard (2013) [CHRB XIV (forthcoming)].

MIR records 11 examples of this very rare type, but almost all of these are in institutional collections.

102

316. Saloninus. July-August AD 261. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.58 g, 12h). Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint. IMP SALON VALERIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising fold of robe. MIR 36, 917f; RIC V 14 corr. (Spes walks left, not right); Cunetio –; Stevenage 526. VF, toned, green deposits, areas of flat strike. Extremely rare. ($1000) Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1989.

Mint of Mediolanum (Milan) The date of the opening of the mint of Mediolanum (Milan), a matter for debate over many years, was stated by Göbl (MIR p. 100) to have been the second half of AD 258. Milan was the headquarters of the army units charged with defending Italy and Rome itself from invasion from the north, and of the rapidly mobile cavalry units established by Gallienus to aid in the defence of the imperial frontier. During the remainder of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus coins in a number of denominations were struck in the names of both emperors as well as of Salonina and Saloninus, the latter having by now succeeded his late brother in the rank of Caesar (Issue 1). Some of these issues are quite common, and must have been struck in considerable numbers, but the range of reverse types is comparatively small.

Immediately after the capture of Valerian on the eastern frontier and the death of Saloninus at Cologne, coins with overwhelmingly military reverse types were struck at Milan for Gallienus (Issue 21). The small number of surviving specimens recorded in MIR would seem to suggest that the issue as a whole was relatively small. The well-known ‘legionary’ series of antoniniani (Issue 22) is now considered to have been contemporary with these earliest issues of the sole reign of Gallienus. (RIC placed them in the joint reign, strangely, despite there being no issues in the name of Valerian.) For the most recently published discussion of this issue, see King 1984. Those wishing to learn about the history of the various legions are referred to the most recent publication on the subject – Pollard and Berry (2012).

Issues 3-8, covering most of the rest of the sole reign, comprised an enormous range of different reverse types and of associated obverse bust types. (For the latter, see especially Doyen, ‘types iconographiques’, 1987.) In AD 267 coins were struck at Milan in the name of Postumus by the general Aureolus, who had rebelled against Gallienus.

317.

317a Lot of two (2) coins.

317b

($75)

317a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.67 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 1, AD 258-9. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / DIANA FELIX, Diana walking right, drawing arrow from quiver and holding bow; at her feet, hound or stag. MIR 36, 920h; RIC V (joint reign) 380; Cunetio 750. VF, toned, faint porosity, deposits.

Bought from Spink, 1983. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

317b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (25mm, 3.36 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 1, AD 2589. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing facing, head turned left, wings outstretched, holding in both hands an unwound wreath / diadem; shield at her feet on either side. MIR 36, 921g; RIC V (joint reign) 405 var. (bust type); Cunetio 752-3 var. (same). VF/Good VF, toned, flan crack, areas of weak strike. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection).

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

This issue is unusual in that unclothed busts to the left are quite common, whereas those to the right are very rare.

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318. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Sestertius or Medallion (28mm, 19.37 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 1, AD 258-9. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / [DI]ANA FELIX, Diana running right, holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver; stag at her feet. MIR 36, 926q; RIC V (joint reign) 418; Banti 15. Fine, green patina. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 412 (17 January 2018), lot 658.

This item belongs to a very small group of bronze issues struck during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus at Milan. Just three types have been recorded for Gallienus (MIR 926q, 927q and 928q) , and all are rare today. In all published catalogues they are described as sestertii, but in the catalogue for the auction at which this was purchased it was described as a medallion, and this may be the case. However, there is a case to be made for either category. All bronze issues from Milan – and there are very few recorded types anyway – are known from small numbers of extant specimens, and although the presence or absence of S C on the reverse would have offered a clue to their identifications at the Rome mint, this aspect is far from helpful at Milan. Of the three joint reign types for Gallienus, two (MIR 926q and 927q) have no S C, but 928q, which is otherwise the same as 927q, with reverse VICTORIA AVGG, has S C in the field. Of the three joint reign ‘sestertii’ for Salonina, all of which have the same reverse (FECVNDITAS AVGG), MIR 930v has S C, 931v has C S and 932v has no letters. Smaller bronze issues from Milan reveal the same dichotomy. An ‘As’ of Saloninus (MIR 936cc) appears from the illustration to have no letters in the reverse field, and neither does a sole reign issue of Gallienus (MIR 969aa), but another (MIR 944aa) does bear S C. My personal feeling is that all these issues are coins, not medallions, for two reasons. First, the few issues attributed to Milan which are definitely medallions are of larger module and have reverses which differ from any which appear on coins (e.g. MIR 929r and 933w), whereas the other bronzes are of the same proportions as sestertii and Asses, and have reverse types also used on antoniniani. Second, the fact that some of the reverses bear S C, sometimes in a blundered form, suggests that an attempt was being made to copy the format of Rome mint bronze coins. The absence of these letters from some of the types is probably due to lack of care or simple incompetence in the cutting of the dies. Why such small numbers of bronze coins should have been struck at all at this mint is not clear, however.

319. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.00 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 1, AD 2589. SAL VALERIANVS CS, radiate and draped bust right / PRINC IVVENT, prince standing left, holding baton and transverse spear; on left, trophy between two seated captives. MIR 36, 941z; RIC V 11; Cunetio –. EF. ($100) Ex Mūnzen & Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 1057.

320 321 320. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 4.40 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / MARTI PROPVGNAT, Mars walking right, holding shield and spearing fallen enemy.

MIR 36, 949m; RIC V (sole reign) 493 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1567 var. (same). Good Fine, toned, porosity, small flan crack. ($300) Bought from Byzantium, 1991.

321. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.47 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / SALVS ITAL, Salus standing right, offering fruits to emperor, standing left, right hand raised, left holding spear. MIR 36, 951m; RIC V (joint reign) 400; Cunetio –. Good VF, toned, flan flaw on obverse, weak strike on reverse. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($200) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1998.

This specific geographical reference to the safety of Italy reflects the prime purpose of the military units stationed in Milan to ensure just that.

The identification of the object being held by the figure of Salus as a receptacle containing fruit (RIC) is difficult to confirm. It is by no means clear on either this coin or the one illustrated in MIR what it might be, All that can be discerned is a single curved band held in both hands, and it could equally be interpreted as an unwound wreath or diadem.about to be presented to the emperor, as on MIR 921.

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322 323 322. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.74 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG VII, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm.

MIR 36, 955x; RIC V (sole reign) 526 var. (bust type). Good VF. ($100) Ex Kūnker 143 (6 October 2008), lot 682.

Unrecorded Reverse 323. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.75 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / [? VIRT GA]LLIENI AVG, Hercules standing right, holding club set on rock [and lion-skin ?]. MIR 36, – (rev. type as 963, but legend as 966); RIC V –. VF, porosity, red deposits. ($300) Bought from David Miller, 1999.

This combination of reverse legend and design appears to be completely unrecorded.

Rare Bust and Unrecorded Reverse

324. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24.5mm, 3.27 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, nude except for aegis bearing gorgoneion / VIRTVS AVGG (sic), Hercules standing right, holding club set on rock and lion-skin. MIR 36, – (rev. type as 963, but this bust type and rev. legend not recorded for this issue); RIC V –. Near EF, toned, areas of weak strike, edge split. ($200) Ex Markus Weder Collection (Münzen & Medaillen GmbH 46, 15 February 2018), lot 943.

This is an exceptionally interesting coin. The obverse, which is known only at Milan and on very few coins, appears to be from the same die as MIR 1044u, belonging to issue 3, which also has reverse legend VIRTVS AVGG, but with Hercules standing left, holding branch, club and lionskin, MIR 1045o also has AVGG. MIR 963 has the same reverse type as this coin, but with legend VIRTVS AVGVSTI. MIR 1448, of Siscia, has this reverse type, but with VIRTVS AVG. The erroneous use of AVGG on sole reign coins of this type is recorded only at Milan (MIR Tabelle 31, note to no. 1044). Another coin from the same dies is illustrated at www.wildwinds.com/coins.ric/gallienus/i.html, where the accompanying text states ‘ with permission of Titiana and Slavey Art Numis, March 2012’, and ‘one each in the collections of Markus Weder’ (i.e this coin) ‘and Lars Rutten, and this one’. It is described as Göbl 1448 var. – i.e. as a Siscia mint product. However, the bust style and the reverse legend error suggest otherwise. (Titiana and Slavey are at Glückstr. 2, 80333 München.)

MIR Plate Coin

325.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.67 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / VIRT GALLIENI AVG, emperor on horseback to right, spearing fallen enemy. MIR 36, 966r (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 529; Cunetio 1569 var. (bust type). VF, toned. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

105

326

327

326. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.39 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / VIRT GALLIENI AVG, emperor on horseback to right, spearing fallen enemy. MIR 36, 966y; RIC V (sole reign) 529 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1569 var. (same).

VF, toned. ($300) Bought from David Miller 1999.

327.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.58 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(1), AD 260-1. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VIRT GALLIENI AVG, emperor walking right, holding spear and shield and treading down fallen enemy. MIR 36, 967m; RIC V (sole reign) 530. Cunetio –. Good VF, toned, weak obverse strike. ($100) Ex Mūnzen & Medaillen GmbH 43 (26 February 2016), lot 464.

Extensive Offering of Legionary Antoniniani of Gallienus The formulae V P V F, VI P VI F and VII P VII F, which appear on most of the Gallienus legionary issues, have been subject to numerous interpretations. Translated directly as ”five / six / seven times loyal, five / six / seven times dutiful” scholars of the past regarded it as recording an annual loyalty vow taken up by the legions, which would place these issues circa AD 257-259, during the joint reign with Valerian. It is now recognized that these coins were struck after Valerian’s defeat and capture, circa AD 260-261, apparently as part of a large payment to the soldiers to shore up their crumbling loyalty to Gallienus. The coins recognize the Praetorians and 17 legions; some of the units stationed in Gaul, Spain and Britain, which had rebelled against Gallienus, do not appear, while others do. This indicates that the “legions” being recognized were, in some cases, actually small detachments or “vexillations” of legions gathered together to form the large central field army assembled by Gallienus in Milan circa AD 259-261. Andreas Alföldi proposed in 1977 that the V / VI / VII P, V / VI / VII F legends celebrate the fifth, sixth, and seventh victories won by the legions on behalf of Gallienus and the “legitimate” Roman regime, from the time of his accession in AD 253 to his early sole reign. The first four were victories over German tribes in AD 253-258; the fifth was his crucial defeat of the Alemanni in 259, the sixth was the suppression of the rebellion by Ingenuus in AD 260, and the seventh marked the defeat of another usurper, Regalianus, later that same year.

COHH PRAET The extensive legionary series of coins struck by Gallienus commences with this issue, honoring the Praetorian Cohorts, the elite unit of soldiers stationed in a purpose-built fortress in Rome. Composed of nine enlarged cohorts of 1,000 men apiece, for a total theoretical strength of 9,000, the Praetorian “Guard” served as the emperor’s personal fighting force both in Rome and on campaign. Praetorians received triple the pay of ordinary soldiers and had to serve only 16 years instead of the 20 required for regular legionaries. They were consequently greatly resented both by the regular soldiery and by the civilians of Rome, who they were often called upon to suppress. Estimates of their fitness as a fighting force in the field vary; they seem to have accounted themselves well enough in the campaigns of Trajan, Marcus Aurelius and Septimius Severus, but when called upon to fight regular units in Rome’s numerous civil wars, they almost always suffered defeat. The Praetorians had two totemic symbols which appear on coins and monuments: A lion (seen here) and a scorpion, the latter being the birth sign of Tiberius, who built the first Praetorian camp.

328.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.00 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, – [979h]; RIC V (joint reign) 370 var. (bust type); Cunetio 2434-6 var. (same). VF, toned, some porosity. Well struck. ($200) Ex Tony Hardy Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 67, 22 September 2004), lot 1719.

This bust type not otherwise recorded with this reverse.

106

330

329

329. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.37 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, 979o; RIC V (joint reign) 370 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, some porosity. ($200) Ex Kūnker 168 (12 March 2010), lot 7837.

330. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.12 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, 979q; RIC V (joint reign) 370; Cunetio 1436. VF, toned. ($75) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 887.

331. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.48 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, 979r; RIC V (joint reign) 370; Cunetio 1434. VF, flan flaw on reverse. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

331

332

333

332. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.11 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / COHH PRAET VII P VI F (sic), radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, Tafel 131, T45; RIC V (joint reign) 371; Cunetio –. Near VF. ($50) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996. Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 602.

This reverse legend results from a die-sinker’s error, apparently on just a single reverse die, which was paired with more than one obverse.

333. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.25 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COHH PRAET VII P VI F (sic), radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, – (rev. as Tafel 131, T45); RIC V (joint reign) 371 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. EF, toned. Good metal. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994. Ex Hess-Leu 41 (24 April 1969), lot 481.

The reverse of this coin is from the same erroneous die as lot 332. MIR does not record its combination with this obverse type.

334 335 334. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.95 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / COHH PRAET VII P VII F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, – [980f]; RIC V (joint reign) 372; Cunetio –. Near EF, toned, green deposits, flan flaw. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXIV (6 May 1995), lot 384.

This combination of bust type and reverse, although listed in RIC, is not recorded in MIR (This is bust lB2, not lB1, which is MIR 980c.)

335.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.11 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COHH PRAET VII P VII F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, 980h; RIC V (sole reign) 372 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, toned, ragged flan. ($100) Ex Mūnzen & Medaillen GmbH 43 (26 February 2016), lot 489.

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336. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.67 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COHH PRAET VII P VII F, radiate lion walking right. MIR 36, 980r; RIC V (joint reign) 372. EF, toned, edge split. ($150) Ex Creusy (Bremens-Belleville) (27 November 2014), lot 575.

LEG I ADI Legio I Adiutrix (”Helpers”) was initially raised in AD 68. Probably the recruitment was begun by Nero and completed Galba, using a core of sailors and marines from the Misenum fleet. It remained in Italy and fought on the losing side for Otho during the AD 68-69 Civil War before being posted to Germany circa AD 70, where it remained at the fortress of Mainz in double-billet with Legio XIV Gemina. It saw plenty of action during the reigns of Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan, and was moved by Hadrian in AD 118 to a new permanent base of Brigetio in modern Hungary. In the tumultuous third century, I Adiutrix was in the thick of the action on the vulnerable Danube frontier, battling barbarian invasions and the legions of rival Roman usurpers alike. The Notatia Dignitatum attests to its survival at Brigetio into the fifth century AD. Its symbol was Capricorn, the birth sign of Galba.

337 338 337. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.16 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982c; RIC V (joint reign) 315; Cunetio 1440. VF, deposits. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 850 (May 1990), no. C256.

338. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.13 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982h; RIC V (joint reign) 315 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1438. EF, toned, flan crack, slightly bent, two scratches. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

339. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.24 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982i; RIC V (joint reign) 315; Cunetio –. EF, toned, cleaning scratches. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($300) Ex CGF Monnaies 38 (30 April 2009), lot 894.

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340 341 340. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.71 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982o (this coin illustrated); RIC V (joint reign) 315 corr. (bust description); Cunetio 1439. EF, areas of flat strike, small edge split, green deposit. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1994. Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (Autumn 1994), no. 531.

341. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.49 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982q (this coin illustrated); RIC V (joint reign) 315; Cunetio 1441. VF, toned. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1994. Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (Autumn 1994), no. 529.

Unpublished Obverse Legend for Legionary Antoniniani

342. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.83 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982q var. (obv. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 315 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, red deposits. ($200) Ex Gorny & Mosch 237 (7 March 2016), lot 2095.

This obverse legend is otherwise unknown on an antoninianus of the legionary issue. The obverse appears to have been struck from the same die as the coin illustrated as MIR 958w, the only other Issue 2 type with this obverse bust.

343 344 343. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.10 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG I ADI VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 982r; RIC V (joint reign) 315; Cunetio 1437. Near EF, thin flan crack. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1991.

344.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.93 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG I ADI VII P VII F, capricorn to right. MIR 36, 983c; RIC V (joint reign) 318 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, porosity. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the Civiche Raccolte, Milan). ($150) Ex CGF Monnaies 31 (21 June 2007), lot 452.

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LEG I ITAL Legio I Italica was first recruited by Nero in AD 66, with the intention of sending it east to bolster the frontier with Parthia. All of its men were supposed to be at least six (Roman) feet tall, and Nero reportedly called it “the Phalanx of Alexander the Great.” Sent into Gaul to in AD 68 suppress the rebellion of Vindex, it arrived too late for battle, but ended up declaring its support for Vitellius, governor of Germany, the following year. I Italica helped Vitellius win the First Battle of Bedriacum in the Spring of AD 69, but lost the Second battle to the forces of Vespasian in the fall of that year. After this it was stationed at Novae in Moesia, near modern Svistov, Bulgaria, where it was fully engaged in the frontier wars of the next two centuries, earning the additional epithets Felix Victrix Pia Semper Ubique (”Fortunate, Victorious, and Dutiful Always, Everywhere”). The Notitia Dignitatum still records its presence at Novae early in the fifth century AD.

345 347 346 345.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.48 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG I ITAL V P V F, boar standing right. MIR 36, 985n; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, toned, faint porosity, deposits. Very rare. ($200) Ex Lanz 114 (26 May 2003), lot 684.

All legionary antoniniani with V P V F reverses are very rare. MIR records two specimens of LEG I ITAL, the illustrated piece being in the collections of the British Museum. King (1984, Pl. 1, no. 1) illustrates another specimen, from the Gibraltar hoard, and Thiry (2008, 74) states that this hoard had contained two specimens from the same die pairing, previously recorded by Jean-Marc Doyen in his unpublished thesis.

Another example, again from the same reverse die, formed lot no. v43_0602 in the CGB, Paris, auction Monnaies 43, 29 April 2010. This coin was illustrated by Thiry (2008) as Fig. 4 on page 69. It is from the same reverse die as the other three coins, and it seems likely that only one die was used to strike coins of this type.

346. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.23 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG I ITAL VI P VI F, boar standing right. MIR 36, 986n; RIC V (joint reign) 320; Cunetio 1443. Good VF, toned. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2126 (incorrectly catalogued as LEG II ADI).

347. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.86 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG · I · ITAL VI P VI F, boar standing right. MIR 36, 986r var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 320 var. (same); Cunetio 1443 var. (same). Near EF, deposits, weak reverse strike. ($300) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 873.

This coin displays two amorphous marks in the legend, one to either side of the figure I in the reverse legend. It would appear that the die was originally cut in error to read LEG III ITAL, with the extra figures subsequently erased, not very successfully, from the die.

348 349 348. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.35 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG I ITAL VII P VII F, taurocamp to right. MIR 36, 987c; RIC V (joint reign) 321; Cunetio 1480. VF, toned, faint porosity, thin flan crack. ($300) Ex Kūnker 143 (6 October 2008), lot 686.

349. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.43 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG I ITAL VII P VII F, taurocamp to right. MIR 36, 987h; RIC V (joint reign) 321 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, porosity. ($200) Ex Hauck & Aufhäuser 17 (18 March 2003), lot 545.

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LEG I MIN Legio I Minervia was raised by Domitian, probably about AD 83, and was named for his patron goddess, Minerva. Its first battle was the suppression of the rebel governor of Upper Germany, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, in AD 89. After this successful outcome, I Minervia was based at Bonna (modern Bonn) in western Germany. It served under Trajan in the Dacian Wars, where it was commanded by the future Emperor Hadrian. In the third century AD, I Minervia fought with distinction in the German expedition of Maximinus I Thrax. When the rebel governor Postumus took control of Gaul and Germany in AD 259, I Minervia seems to have backed him; however, at least one detachment remained loyal to Gallienus, as is indicated by this coin. Legio I Minervia disappears from history after the destruction of Bonna in 353 by the Franks. Its symbols were the goddess Minerva and a ram.

350.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.23 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG I MIN VI P VI F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear, and shield. MIR 36, 988i; RIC V (joint reign) 322; Cunetio –. VF, porous, green deposits, flan crack. ($75) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

351.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.62 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG I MIN VI P VI F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear and shield. MIR 36, 988n; RIC V (joint reign) 322; Cunetio 1445. Near EF, brown patina, thin flan crack. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2121.

352 353 354 352.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.29 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG I MIN VI P VI F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear and shield. MIR 36, 988q; RIC V (joint reign) 322; Cunetio 1447. VF, toned, minor green deposit. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 37 (20 March 1996), lot 1750.

353.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.49 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG I MIN VII P VII F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear and shield. MIR 36, 989f; RIC V (joint reign) 323; Cunetio –. Good VF, weak strike, red deposits. ($200) Ex Glendining’s (14 December 1989), lot 524 (part of).

354.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.04 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG I MIN VII P VII F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear, and shield. MIR 36, – [989h]; RIC V (joint reign) 323; Cunetio –. VF, toned, porosity. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

Although MIR does not record any coins under 989h, the coin illustrated as 989g is clearly of this type, with wreath-ties 2. This is the only other recorded specimen of this type, however.

111

355.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.42 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG I MIN [VI(I) P V(I)]I F, Minerva standing left, holding Victory, spear and shield. MIR 36, 988s or 989s; RIC V (joint reign) 322-3 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, porosity, red deposits. Extremely rare, only one of either variety noted by MIR (in Turin and München, respectively). ($300) Bought from Spink, 2000. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVIII.6 (December 2000), no. RM0056.

Owing to uneven striking, it is not possible to be certain whether the reverse inscription ends with VI P VI F or VII P VII F, but the latter appears more likely on the basis of the length of the space between N and I F. This bust type is extremely rare with either reverse.

LEG II ADI

356.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.35 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 990c; RIC V (joint reign) 324 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1449. VF, green patina, smoothing, spots of active corrosion. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 65 (28 May 2003), lot 82.

Legio II Adiutrix (”Helper”) was founded in AD 70 by Vespasian, using a core of marines from the Ravenna fleet who had supported the Flavian cause. Its first action was the crushing of the Batavian Revolt that same year. After this it was sent to Britain, where it was stationed at Deva and served in the campaigns of the famous general Gnaeus Julius Agricola (AD 77-84). In AD 85 II Adiutrix was transferred to Sirmium in modern Serbia, and then in AD 106 moved to Aquincum (modern Budapest, Hungary), where it remained until the fifth century AD. II Adiutrix took part in numerous memorable campaigns, including the expedition of AD 118 against the Sarmatians. Its symbols were a boar and a flying Pegasus, as seen here.

357.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.30 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 990i; RIC V (joint reign) 324; Cunetio –. Good VF, die break on reverse. ($200) Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 545.

112

359 358 358. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.61 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 990q; RIC V (joint reign) 324; Cunetio 1450. Near EF, toned, porous, deposits, scrapes. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1979. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 735 (November 1979), no. C1266.

The first legionary antoninianus that I bought. Not the most attractive, but all I could afford at the time, and the’ foundation stone’ of my large collection of this series.

359. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.38 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 990r; RIC V (joint reign) 324; Cunetio 1448. VF. ($100) Bought from Galata, 1989. Ex Glendinings (9 December 1986), lot 166 (part of); ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

360. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.22 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 990s; RIC V (joint reign) 324; Cunetio –. Near VF. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2124.

361. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.18 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG II ADI VII P VII F, Pegasus prancing right. MIR 36, 991h; RIC V (joint reign) 326 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, minor red deposits. ($75) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 874.

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LEG II ITAL All legionary antoniniani with V P V F reverses are very rare. MIR records just one specimen of LEG II ITAL, which the illustration confirms is from the same reverse die as this coin. On page 210 the location is given only as ‘Beleg verlegt’ (proof missing), and Thiry (2008, 72, note 50) elaborates on this, asserting that the coin is now lost. King (1984, p. 121) lists another, with military bust to left, in the collections of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, but the photograph which purports to be of this coin (Pl. 1, no. 2) is actually of a coin with reverse LEG II PART V P V F. It is unclear, therefore, to which type the Paris coin actually belongs. This coin was published by Thiry (2013, 133, no. 1), and his table on page 134 stated that only two examples were known (MIR 991An and this coin). The table did not include the coin recorded by King.

Another specimen, from the same obverse and reverse dies as this coin, formed lot 473 in the Mūnzen & Medaillen auction 43, 26 February 2016. It seems likely that only one reverse die was used for striking coins of this type.

Legio II Italica was of late foundation, recruited by Marcus Aurelius in AD 165 as storm clouds gathered on the Rhine and Danube frontiers.

It was heavily engaged in the Marcomannic Wars of AD 166-180 and later fought in the Severan civil wars of AD 193-197. It remained loyal to Gallienus throughout his reign and was one of the few to receive three awards for “victorious dutiful loyalty” (V, VI and VII), as indicated on his legionary coins. Being raised in the vicinity of Rome, its symbols were the wolf and twins.

362. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.90 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG II ITAL V P V F, she-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus. MIR 36, 991An; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, lightly toned. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (uncertain disposition, but illustrated on Tafel 126 [Nachträge]). ($500) Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

363 364 363. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.89 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, she-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus. MIR 36, 992c; RIC V (joint reign) 329; Cunetio –. Good VF, toned, minor porosity. Well struck. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 81 (20 May 2009), lot 1118.

364. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.71 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, she-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus. MIR 36, 992p; RIC V (joint reign) 329; Cunetio –. VF, mottled toning. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 875.

365 366 365. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.97 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, she-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus. MIR 36, 992r; RIC V (joint reign) 329; Cunetio 1451. VF, toned, faint porosity. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

366.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.01 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG II ITAL VII P VII F, she-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus. MIR 36, – [993s]; RIC V (joint reign) 330; Cunetio –. VF, deposits. ($200) Ex Showers Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 37, 20 March 1996), lot 1752.

MIR does not record a coin of this type in Tabelle 29, but the photograph labelled 993o on Tafel 77 is of a coin of type 993s (wreath-ties in position 2). It is the only specimen of either type recorded in MIR, and is in the collections of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.

114

LEG II PART Legio II Parthica owed its birth to Septimius Severus, who raised the legion for his Parthian wars circa AD 193-197. It was the first legion to be permanently stationed in Italy, at the fortress of Albanum in the Alban Hills south of Rome. As such it served as a counterweight to the Praetorian Guard while helping to secure the Severan Dynasty’s grip on power. It also served as a central reserve at a time when the main military forces of the empire were dispersed to the frontiers. II Parthica accompanied Severus, and Caracalla in their campaigns on the eastern frontier. In 218 it helped return to the Severans to power by switching sides from Macrinus to Elagabalus. II Parthica remained loyal to Gallienus in the mid-third century, after which it disappears from history until AD 360, where it is recorded as back on the eastern frontier, defending against a Sasanian invasion. A fifth century AD chronicle places it at Cefa in Mesopotamia. Its symbol was a centaur.

368

367

367. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.76 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG II PART VI P VI F, centaur walking left, holding globe.

MIR 36, 996h; RIC V (joint reign) 335 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, flan cracks. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 314.

368. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.37 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG II PART VI P VI F, centaur walking left, holding globe. MIR 36, 996i; RIC V (joint reign) 335; Cunetio –.

Near VF, porous, deposits. ($200) Ex I. Vecchi 5 (5 March 1997), lot 753.

369 370 369. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.19 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG II PART VI P VI F, centaur walking left, holding globe. MIR 36, 996r; RIC V (joint reign) 335; Cunetio 1456. VF, toned, low silver content. ($200) Ex Sternberg XXIV (19 November 1990), lot 319. Reportedly ex Rev. Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode Collection, formed in 1790s.

MIR Plate Coin 370. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.28 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG II PART VI P VI F, centaur prancing right, holding club. MIR 36, 997i (this coin illustrated); RIC V (joint reign) 336; Cunetio 1455. Near VF, brown surfaces, flan crack. Very rare with this bust. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

371 372 371. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.72 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG II PART VI P VI F, centaur prancing right, holding club. MIR 36, 997r; RIC V (joint reign) 336; Cunetio 1452. VF, brown surfaces, traces of silvering. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 37 (20 March 1996), lot 1753.

372. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.16 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG II PART VII P VII F, centaur prancing right, holding club.

MIR 36, 998h; RIC V (joint reign) 338 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, some silver content, porosity. ($150) Ex Astarte XVI (26 November 2004), lot 1834.

115

LEG III ITAL Marcus Aurelius raised Legio III Italica circa AD 165 in preparation for the Marcomannic Wars that followed. Late in the reign of Marcus, it was headquartered at a formidable fortress, Castra Regina in Raetia (modern Regensburg, Germany). In the mid-third century, Raetia was quickly seized and held by the usurper Postumus, with the apparent support of III Italica. However, at least one detachment must have served Gallienus, as he honors it on his legionary coinage, depicting its rather unusual symbol, the stork. III Italica is still recorded at Regensburg in the fifth century AD Notitia Dignitatum.

373 374 375 373. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.15 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG III ITAL VI P VI F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 999c; RIC V (joint reign) 339; Cunetio 1460. Near VF, brown surfaces, traces of silver. ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

374. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.19 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG III ITAL VI P VI F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 999q; RIC V (joint reign) 339; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content. Rare bust type. ($300) Ex Giessener Mūnzhandlung 73 (11 October 1995), lot 447.

375. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.63 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG III ITAL VI P VI F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 999r; RIC V (joint reign) 339; Cunetio 1458. Near VF, some silver content, porosity. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

376.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.58 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG III ITAL VI P VI F, stork standing right. MIR 36, – [999s]; RIC V (joint reign) 339; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, some porosity. Rare bust type. ($200) Ex Gorny & Mosch 114 (4 March 2002), lot 392; Aufhäuser 11 (22 March 1995), lot 341.

MIR does not record a coin of this type in Tabelle 29, but the photograph labelled 999o on Tafel 78 is of a coin of type 999s (wreath-ties in position 2).

378 377 377. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.09 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / [LE]G III ITAL VII P VII [F], stork standing right. MIR 36, – [1000f]; RIC V (joint reign) 341; Cunetio 1482. Good Fine, good silver content, porosity. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 316.

MIR does not record this bust type with this reverse.

378. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.72 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG III ITAL VII P VII F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 1000h; RIC V (joint reign) 341; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, a couple of areas of flat strike. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2128.

116

379. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.34 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG III ITAL VII P VII F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 1000l; RIC V (joint reign) 341; Cunetio –.

VF, brown surfaces, traces of silver in the devices. A little weakly struck. Very rare. ($300) Ex I. Vecchi 6 (9 June 1997), lot 1235.

380. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.26 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder; shield bears image of horseman to right, spearing fallen enemy / LEG III ITAL VII P VII F, stork standing right. MIR 36, 1000q; RIC V (joint reign) 341 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, silvering, some porosity. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (ex Piancastelli collection). ($300) Ex Helios 3 (29 April 2009), lot 219.

LEG IIII FL Legio IV (or IIII) Flavia Felix (”Fortunate Flavian”) was raised circa AD 70 by Vespasian, using a core of veterans of the Legio IV Macedonica, which had been disbanded due to its poor performance during the AD 69 Batavian Revolt. The new legion’s symbol was a lion. IV Flavia Felix was stationed in Moesia Superior and eventually settled at a permanent fortress at Singidunum (modern Belgrade, Serbia) on the Danube, from whence detachments fought in Domitian’s and Trajan’s Dacian campaigns. Legio IV was one of the first units to declare for Septimius Severus when he made his bid for the throne in April AD 193, and it was among the units honored for loyalty on his initial coinage of that year. In AD 195, Severus placed his brother-in-law C. Julius Avitus Alexianus, husband of Julia Maesa, in command of Legio IV. The “Felix Legion” named in the popular film “Gladiator” was apparently based on IV Flavia Felix, although the legion’s banners in the film show a lion and the numeral III (there was no actual “III Felix”).

381 382 383 381. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.27 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG IIII FL VI P VI F, lion leaping right. MIR 36, 1002c; RIC V (joint reign( 343 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Fine, brown surfaces. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

382. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.60 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

G[ALLI]ENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG IIII FL VI P VI F, lion leaping right. MIR 36, 1002i; RIC V (joint reign) 343 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, some silver content, areas of weak strike. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996. Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 595.

383. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.17 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG IIII FL VI P VI F, lion leaping right. MIR 36, 1002r; RIC V (joint reign) 343; Cunetio 1461. VF, toned, some silver content, slight flan crack. ($200) Bought from Spink, 1981. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular LXXXIX.1 (January 1981), no. 107.

117

384 384. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.96 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG IIII FL VII P VII F, lion leaping right. MIR 36, 1003r; RIC V (joint reign) 344; Cunetio –. Near VF, porosity. ($150) Ex Kovacs XII (30 November 1995), lot 400.

LEG V MAC Legio V Macedonica was the longest lived of all Roman legions, with a history stretching from the last gasps of the Roman Republic to the early Byzantine era. It was likely raised circa 43 BC as one of the last legions loyal to the Republic, before being taken over by Octavian following the battle of Mutina. From the 30s BC to AD 6, Legio V served in Macedonia, from whence it earned its cognomen. It later served in Moesia, Cappadocia, Armenia, and Judaea, before finally settling in at the fortress of Potaissa in Dacia (modern Romania) in the AD 160s, where it remained for more than a century. Vexillations from V Macedonica fought in numerous compaigns on many fronts. After Aurelian abandoned Dacia in AD 271, V Macedonica returned to Moesia, but at least one detachment was sent to Memphis, Egypt and remained there until the Islamic invasion of the later seventh century AD. The legions symbols were a bull and an eagle, seen on the reverse here accompanying Victory.

385. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.81 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, seen from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG V MAC VI P VI F, Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm; eagle at her feet. MIR 36, 1004i; RIC V (joint reign) 345; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, minor roughness. ($200) Ex Astarte XVI (26 November 2004), lot 1835.

386.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.56 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG V MAC VI P VI F, Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm; eagle at her feet. MIR 36, 1004n; RIC V (joint reign) 345; Cunetio 1462. Near VF, some silver content, porosity. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2130.

118

LEG VII CL Legio VII Claudia was founded by Julius Caesar at the outset of his Gallic campaign, circa 58 BC, and remained loyal to him throughout the heavy fighting and civil conflict that followed. Its first cognomen, Paterna, derives from Caesar’s title of Pater Patriae (”father of the fatherland”). Caesar actually disbanded his seventh circa 45 BC and settled them near Capua, but after the Ides of March 44 BC, his nephew and heir Octavian quickly called up the veterans and re-formed Legio VII to back his successful bid for supreme power. Its postings during the early Empire are not well understood, although it likely fought in the Thracian campaigns of Augustus and shored up the Dalmatian frontier after the Varian disaster of AD 9. During the reign of Claudius, the Seventh refused to back a rebellion by the governor of Dalmatia, and was rewarded with the title Claudia Pia Fidelis (”loyal and dutiful Claudian”), which it retained to the end. It eventually settled into permanent quarters at Viminacium in Moesia Superior (modern Kostolac, Serbia) and was still recorded there at the end of the fourth century AD. Like many legions founded by Caesar, its symbol was his natal sign, the bull.

387. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.52 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG VII CL VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006h; RIC V (joint reign) 348; Cunetio –. Fine, reverse better. Some silver content, obverse lightly encrusted. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($200) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica C (11 March 1993), lot 1981.

388

389

388. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.40 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG VII CL VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006i; RIC V (joint reign) 348; Cunetio 1465. Near VF, toned, some silver content, porous. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

389. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.75 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG VII CLA (sic) VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006i var. (rev. legend); RIC V (joint reign) 349 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, toned, some silver content, porous. ($200) Ex A. Lynn Collection (Helios 4, 14 October 2009), lot 672.

390 391 390. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.80 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG VII CL VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006r; RIC V (joint reign) 348; Cunetio 1464. VF, toned, some silver content, light porosity. ($200) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 881.

391. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.62 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / LEG VII CL VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006s; RIC V (joint reign) 348 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, toned, porous, a couple of spots of green encrustation. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996. Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 597.

119

Unpublished and Apparently Unique Bust Type

392. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.15 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed(?) bust right; shield inscribed LEG/[ ]A on right shoulder / LEG VII CL VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1006 var. (bust type); RIC V (joint reign) 348 var. (same). Good Fine, some silver content, rough surfaces, minor deposits. ($300) Ex Roma E-Sale 29 (27 August 2016), lot 584 (erroneous reverse reading of LEG IIII FL).

This extraordinary bust is unparalleled, not only in the legionary series, but apparently in the entire coinage of this period. The inscription on the shield aside, right-facing busts with shield but no spear do not seem to occur at all. This coin has at some time been heavily tooled to remove a layer of black silver sulphate corrosion product, and when I bid for it at the auction on the basis of online images, I took the chance that the bust variants might turn out to be the result of later tooling on a worn coin, but I am now convinced that it is from a genuine die.

The details in the area of the shield show the same degree of wear as the rest of the obverse, and also had clearly been covered by the black corrosion layer, now mostly removed.

393 394 393. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.84 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG VII CL VII P VII F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1007c; RIC V (joint reign) 350; Cunetio –. Near VF, toned, some silver content, porosity. ($150) Bought from Galata 1987. Ex September 1987 list, no. 148.

394. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.33 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG VII CL VII P VII F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1007c; RIC V (joint reign) 350; Cunetio –. VF, silver content, some porosity, reverse deposits. ($150) Ex Bertolami E-Live 50 (10 December 2017), lot 664.

395

396

397

395. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.22 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG VII CL VII P VII F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1007h; RIC V (joint reign) 350; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, flan a little irregular. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2131.

396. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.28 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG VII CL VII P VII F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1007r; RIC V (joint reign) 350; Cunetio 1483. Near VF, some silver content, minor porosity, weakness of strike. ($150) Ex Showers Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 37, 20 March 1996), lot 1757.

397. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.08 g). Reverse brockage. Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1. Blank / LEG VII CL VII P VII F, bull standing right. Reverse as MIR 36, 1007; as RIC V (joint reign) 350. Near Fine, toned. ($100) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 878.

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LEG VIII AVG Like VII Claudia, Legio VIII Augusta was originally founded by Julius Caesar in the 50s BC and was reconstituted by Octavian (later Augustus) during the Second Triumvirate (43-31 BC). Its steadfast loyalty to its patron won it the title of Augusta late in his reign (27 BC AD 14). VIII Augusta played a key role in the German campaigns of Tiberius and the Pannonian Revolt of AD 6-8, and remained stationed in Pannonia for sometime thereafter. A detachment probably formed part of the British invasion force under Claudius in AD 43, while the rest of the legion was stationed at Novae in Moesia (modern Svistov, Bulgaria). After suppressing the revolt of Saturninus in AD 89, VIII Augusta settled into permanent residence in upper Germany at Argentoratum (modern Strasbourg). Despite being stationed in the heart of the breakaway Gallic Empire of Postumus, at least part of the legion remained loyal to Gallienus, as attested on his coinage. Like other Caesarian legions, a bull was its symbol.

398. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.92 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG VIII AVG VI P VI F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1009r; RIC V (joint reign) 353; Cunetio 1466. Good Fine, some silver content, porosity on reverse, weakness of strike. ($150) Bought from Galata, 1989. Ex Glendinings (9 December 1986), lot 174 (part of); ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

399. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.12 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG VIII AVG VII P VII F, bull standing right. MIR 36, 1010c; RIC V (joint reign) 354; Cunetio –. VF, toned, nice silver content. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2132.

LEG X GEM Legio X Gemina originated as Julius Caesar’s famous Tenth Legion, serving him throughout his career of conquest. It remained so loyal to Caesar’s lieutenant,Mark Antony, that the victor of Actium, Octavian, felt it necessary to disband it and re-form a “twin” Legio X. Hence the cognomen “Gemina,” which it retained into the Fifth Century AD. After taking part in the Spanish campaigns of Augustus, it was transferred first to Carnuntum in Pannonia circa AD 62, then to Noviomagus (modern Nijmegan in the Netherlands), and finally to Vindobona (modern Vienna, Austria). It remained loyal to Gallienus during the chaotic mid-third century AD, and was honored for loyalty (VI P VI F) on his legionary coins. Its symbol was Caesar’s natal sign of Taurus, the bull.

400 401 400. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.29 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left, viewed from front, holding spear, pointing downwards, and shield on left shoulder; shield decorated with image of horseman to right, spearing fallen enemy / LEG X GEM VI P VI F, bull walking right. MIR 36, 1011q; RIC V (joint reign) 357; Cunetio –. VF, nice silver content, some weakness of strike. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

401. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.39 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG X GEM VI P VI F, bull walking right. MIR 36, 1011r; RIC V (joint reign) 357; Cunetio 1468. Near VF, toned, some porosity. ($150) Ex Glendining’s (1 June 1989), lot 168.

121

LEG XI CL Legio XI Claudia was another Caesarian foundation, serving with him in Gaul from 58 BC and through the subsequent civil war, until its first disbandment in 45 BC. Like several other of Caesar’s legions, it was reconstituted by Octavian circa 43 BC and served him through the subsequent Trimviral era and the Antonian civil war of 32-30 BC. After the Varian disaster of AD 9, Legio XI was shifted from the Balkans to Dalmatia to shore up the endangered frontier. Along with its sister Legio VII, it became embroiled in a plot against Claudius in AD 42, but ultimately remained loyal to him and thus won the epithet Claudia Pia Fidelis. In AD 69 it staged a lightning invasion of Italy in support of Vespasian and won the Second Battle of Bedriacum over the legions of Vitellius. For some decades thereafter it was based at Vindonissa (modern Windisch) in upper Germany before settling into a new camp at Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria) circa AD 106. It remained steadfastly loyal to Gallienus in the chaotic mid third century AD. It was still at Durostorum circa AD 400, as recorded in the Notatia Dignitatum. Unusually for a Caesarian legion, its symbol was not a bull, but the sea god Neptune.

Second Known V P V F for this Legion

402. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 2.67 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XI CL V P V F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin.

MIR 36, 1013n; RIC V –; Cunetio –. Fine, some silver content, rough and pitted. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($300) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

All legionary antoniniani with V P V F reverses are extremely rare. MIR records just one example of LEG XI CL. King (1984) was not aware of any. This coin was published by Thiry (2013, p. 133, no. 2) as the second recorded specimen, from the same reverse die as the MIR specimen. Again it seems probable that only one reverse die was cut for the striking of these very rare issues.

MIR Plate Coin

403. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.60 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG XI CL VI P VI F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin. MIR 36, 1014i (this coin illustrated); RIC V (joint reign) 359; Cunetio –. VF, even brown surfaces. ($200) Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 549.

404. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.69 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 2601. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XI CL VI P VI F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin. MIR 36, 1014r; RIC V (joint reign) 359; Cunetio 1470. VF, good silver content, some minor weakness and porosity. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 315.

122

LEG IX (sic) CL

405. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.03 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG IX (sic) CL VII P VII F, boar standing right. MIR 36, 1016c var. (rev. legend); RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near VF, some silver content, flan a little ragged. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 76 (12 September 2007), lot 1601.

This must represent a die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend, as Legio IX Hispana disappeared from history circa AD 130 and no subsequent Ninth was ever raised.

406. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.64 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XI CL V[II P] VII F, boar standing right. MIR 36, – [1016n]; RIC–; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, porosity. Well struck boar. ($200) Ex CGF Monnaies XXI (18 June 2004), lot 3179.

MIR does not record this combination of bust type and reverse.

LEG XIII GEM Legio XIII Gemina is one of the most famous Roman legions, thanks to its steadfast support of Julius Caesar from its foundation in circa 57 BC (and the HBO Rome television series recounting those times). In 49 BC it crossed the Rubicon river in northern Italy with Caesar, igniting the sequence of civil wars that doomed the Roman Republic and placed Caesar and his heirs in power. Caesar pensioned off his soldiers with land at Spello, Italy in circa 45 BC, but his heir Octavian called them back to action circa 41 BC to fight Sextus Pompey. In fact soldiers from the Thirteenth rescued Octavian after a shipwreck during the campaign. After Actium, Legio XIII was reinforced with veterans from one of Antony’s disbanded legions, gaining it the epithet Gemina (”Twin”). It took part in several Julio-Claudian campaigns from 15 BC to Nero’s fall in AD 68. Siding with Otho it suffered defeat to the Vitellian legions at the First Battle of Bedriacum in Spring AD 69, but soon thereafter supported Vespasian and gained its revenge at the Second Battle at the same city that Winter. XIII Gemina fought in numerous campaigns during the second century, eventually settling into permanent quarters at Apulum in Dacia (modern Alba Julia, Romania). Its emblems were a lion and winged Victory, who is seen here.

407 408 407.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.00 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / LEG XIII GEM VI P VI F, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm; lion walking left at her feet. MIR 36, 1017i; RIC V (joint reign) 360 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1473. Near VF, some silver content, porous, reverse deposits. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1991.

408. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.92 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XIII GEM VI P VI F, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm; lion walking left at her feet. MIR 36, 1017n; RIC V (joint reign) 360; Cunetio 1472. Near VF, some silver content. Well struck reverse. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

123

Erroneous Combination of Legion and Badge

409. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.01 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XIII GEM VI P VI F, Victory standing right, holding wreath; eagle at her feet. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Near VF, some silver content. Well struck reverse. ($200) Ex Jacquier 43 (15 September 2017), lot 247.

This coin has the badge of Legio V Macedonica combined with the name of Legio XIII Gemina, which should be accompanied by Victory and lion.

410

411

410. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.95 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG XIII GEM VII P VII F, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm; lion walking left at her feet. MIR 36, 1018c; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 2138.

411.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.49 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG XIII GEM VII P VII F, Victory walking right, holding wreath and palm; lion walking left at her feet. MIR 36, 1018h; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, flan crack. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 5 (5 March 1997), lot 760.

LEG XIIII GEM Julius Caesar raised a Legio XIV (also rendered XIIII) for his Belgic campaign in 57 BC. However, this legion was wiped out during the Gallic rebellion three years later. A second Fourteenth was raised by Caesar sometime later and served him during the Thapsus campaign in Africa in 46 BC. This legion was mustered out in 45 BC, but recalled to action in the war against Caesar’s assassins circa 43-42 BC. Both Mark Antony and Octavian had a Legio XIV at Actium; after the battle these two groups were merged, thus explaining the epithet Gemina (”Twin”). The new XIV went on to a storied career, taking part in the Claudian invasion of Britain in AD 43 and single-handedly crushing Queen Boudicca’s rebellion in AD 61, winning the additional epithets Martia Victrix (”Warlike, Victorious”). In AD 70 the Fourteenth was summoned back to the continent and eventually settled into permanent quarters at Carnuntum, modern Petronell in Austria. where it remained for the next three centuries. Thanks to numerous tombstones of legionaries for XIV GMV, we know more about the armor, equipment and insignia of this legion than any other Roman military unit. Its symbols were an eagle and Capricorn, the natal sign of Augustus.

412 413 412. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.01 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XIIII GEM VI P VI F, capricorn leaping right. MIR 36, 1019n; RIC V (joint reign) 361; Cunetio 1474. Near VF, some silver content, a little porosity, reverse a bit weak. ($150) Bought from Galata, 1989. Ex Galata FPL (October 1989), no. 165; Glendining’s (9 December 1986), lot 175 (part of); ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

413. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.96 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG XIIII GEM VII P VII F, capricorn leaping right. MIR 36, 1020h; RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, reverse a little weak. ($150) Ex Lanz 72 (29 May 1995), lot 789.

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LEG XXII The exact origins of Legio XXII Primigenia are unknown, but its symbol of a Capricorn suggest it was founded by Octavian or Augustus, possibly in the last decade BC. By AD 43 it was in place at Moguntiacum (modern Mainz) in upper Germany. Most of its career was spent in this region, helping to crush the Batavian revolt of AD 70 and the rebellion of Saturninus in AD 89. Detachments of XXII served in campaigns on far-flung frontiers over the next two centuries. Despite its main fortress being located in the heart of the breakaway Gallic Empire in AD 260-269, at least one large detachment of XXII remained loyal to Gallienus, as indicated by this coin issue. The end of the twenty-second is as mysterious as its beginning, as it disappears from history early in the reign of Constantine the Great (AD 307-337).

414. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.34 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XXII VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 1021n; RIC V (joint reign) 366; Cunetio 1477. Near VF, some silver content, reverse a bit weak, a few flaws. ($150) Ex Kovacs XII (30 November 1995), lot 402.

LEG IIXX

415

416

415. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.26 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG IIXX VI P VI F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 1022r; RIC V (joint reign) 362; Cunetio 1476. Good Fine, some silver content, toned and a bit porous. ($200) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1991. Ex Jacquier FPL 13 (Autumn 1991), no. 266.

416. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.31 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG IIX[X VII P] VII F, capricorn to right. MIR 36, 1023c; RIC V (joint reign) 363; Cunetio 1486. Good Fine, toned, nice silver content. Well struck reverse. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1997.

417 418 417. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.52 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LEG IIXX VII P VII F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 1023h; RIC V (joint reign) 363; Cunetio –. Near VF, deep black brown surfaces, some roughness. ($150) Ex Ars Antiqua II (4 October 2001), lot 471.

418. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.71 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG IIXX VII P VII F, Capricorn to right. MIR 36, 1023r; RIC V (joint reign) 363; Cunetio 1484. Near VF, touch of silver content, mottled tone, a few deposits. Well struck reverse. ($150) Ex Astarte XVI (26 November 2004), lot 1830.

125

LEG XXX Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix was raised by the Emperor Trajan circa AD 101 in preparation for his Dacian Wars, receiving Trajan’s family name of Ulpia. Its performance during those wars won the additional epithet Victrix (”Victorious”). After Trajan’s eastern campaign of AD 116-117, it was was stationed in Pannonia under the command of Quintus Marcus Turbo, a close friend of the Emperor Hadrian. Early in Hadrian’s reign it was relocated to Vetera (modern Xanten) in Lower Germany, which became its permanent base for the next 200 years. XXX Ulpia worked closely with its sister legion, I Minervia, in constructing fortifications and civic facilities along the Rhine frontier, leaving a long trail of inscriptions for modern researchers to study. Like several other legions named on the coins of Gallienus, XXX Ulpia is known to have backed the breakaway Gallo-Roman Empire of Postumus circa AD 260-273, although a significant detachment (or vexillation) of the legion likely remained loyal to the “legitimate” regime and formed part of Gallienus’s central reserve army stationed at Milan. The last record of XXX Ulpia suggests that a detachment fought in the east against the Persians at the siege of Amida, circa AD 360. After this, the Thirtieth disappears from history. Its symbols were Capricorn and Neptune.

419. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.81 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 2601. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XX[X VLP] VI P VI F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin. MIR 36, 1024r; RIC V (joint reign) 368; Cunetio 1478. VF, toned, some silver content, some reverse poroisty. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

420. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.68 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LEG XXX VLP VII P VII F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin. MIR 36, 1025c; RIC V (joint reign) 369; Cunetio 1488. VF, toned, some silver content, a touch of porosity. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 886.

421 423 422 421.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 2.45 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 2(2), AD 260-1.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LEG XXX VLP VII P VII F, Neptune standing right, holding trident and dolphin. MIR 36, 1025h; RIC V (joint reign) 369; Cunetio 1487. Good Fine, some silver content, weak on reverse. ($100) 422. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.96 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / ADVENTVS AVG, emperor on horseback to left, raising right hand and holding spear. MIR 36, 1026s. RIC V (sole reign) 463 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces. Very rare. ($150) Ex Gorny & Mosch 170 (13 October 2008), lot 2754.

423. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 1.99 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 3(1), AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / FIDES EXERC VIII, Fides standing facing, head right, holding one vertical and one transverse standard; P in right field. MIR 36, 1029o; RIC V (sole reign) 478 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Fine, some silver content, very porous, deposits. ($100) Ex CGF Monnaies XXI (18 June 2004), lot 3180.

126

424. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 1.85 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262. IMP G[ALLIENV]S AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, with aegis at left shoulder / FIDES E[XER]C VI[II], Fides standing facing, head right, holding one vertical and one transverse standard. MIR 36, 1029 var. (obv. legend and bust type); RIC V (sole reign) 478 var. (bust type, no officina mark); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, red encrustation, flan a little irregular. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

The longer obverse legend is recorded in this issue by MIR on only two coins (1028f and 1028r, with reverse ADVENTVS AVG). This bust type is not recorded for this reverse type at all.

425. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.93 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / MARTI PACIFE, Mars walking left, holding olive branch, spear and shield. MIR 36, 1034o; RIC V (sole reign) 492; Cunetio –. Near VF, brown surfaces, traces of silver in devices. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

MIR Plate Coin

426. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.25 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, with drapery at right shoulder / IOVI CONSERVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; eagle at his feet. MIR 36, 1036g (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 486 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Fine, some silvering, flan a bit ragged. Extremely rare, the sole piece noted by MIR. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

427 428 427. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.03 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, helmeted, draped, and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / [IOVI] CONSERVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; eagle at his feet.

MIR 36, 1038o; RIC V (sole reign) 486; Cunetio –. VF, toned, clash dies, some silver content. Well struck and exceptional.

Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the KHM [Vienna]). ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXIX (30 April 1994), lot 757.

428. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.73 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 3(1), AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / PAX AVGVSTI, Pax walking left, holding olive branch and sceptre; S in left field. MIR 36, – (1040 var., bust lCv1); RIC V (sole reign) 502 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Fine, toned, some silver content. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.5 (June 1993), no. 3382.

MIR does not record this bust type in this series.

127

430 429 429. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.10 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(1), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG VIII, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm.

MIR 36, 1042r; RIC V (sole reign) 527; Cunetio 1561. Near VF, good silver content, porous. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996. Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 605.

430. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.45 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 3(1), AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VIRTVS AVG, Hercules standing left, holding laurel branch, club and lion-skin; S in left field. MIR 36, 1045e; RIC V (sole reign) 537; Cunetio –. Fine, some silver content, toned, porous. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

431 432 431.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.47 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/DECENNA/LIBVS within wreath. MIR 36, 1057m. RIC- (cf. sole reign 334 (Rome) and 597 (Siscia)); Cunetio –. Near VF, some silvering, a few minor scratches, areas of weak strike. ($100) Bought from Byzantium, 1995.

MIR Plate Coin 432. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.09 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VOTA DECENALIA, Victory standing right, inscribing on shield resting on palm tree. MIR 36, 1058i (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 540; Cunetio –. Near VF, good silver content, flan a little irregular. ($100)

Ex Bement Collection

433. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Aureus (19.5mm, 4.12 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / VOT/X/ET/XX within wreath. MIR 36, 1065c; RIC V (sole reign) 95 (Rome); Calicó 3667. Good VF, toned, a couple of tiny edge marks. Rare. ($3000) Ex Berk BBS 131 (2 April 2003), lot 21; Numismatica Ars Classica 24 (5 December 2002), lot 193; Triton I (2 December 1997), lot 1625; Clarence S. Bement Collection (Naville VIII, 25 June 1924), lot 1407.

128

435 434 434. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.06 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VOT/X/ET/XX across field. MIR 36, 1067g (same dies as illustration); RIC V –; Cunetio –. Fine, good silver content, porous. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a hoard found in Torino, published by G. Cornaggia in RIN 1918). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

435. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.98 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / VOT/X/ET/XX across field. MIR 36, 1067g (same dies as illustration); RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near VF, toned, good silver content, flan irregular. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in a hoard found in Torino, published by G. Cornaggia in RIN 1918). ($150) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

Lots 434 and 435 seem to belong to a very small issue. The legend VOT/X/ET/XX is usually enclosed within a wreath (MIR 1065-6). Only one die has been recorded without this feature, and all three recorded coins were also struck from the same obverse die.

436. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Aureus (20mm, 4.30 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 3(2), AD 262. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / FIDE/I EQVI/TVM within wreath. MIR 36, 1070c; RIC V (sole reign) 33 (Rome); Calicó 3488. VF, nicely toned, a nick in field at 6 on the obverse and 11:30 on the reverse. ($3000) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica O (11 May 2004), lot 2092.

437.

437a

Lot of three (3) coins.

437b

437c

($100)

437a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.16 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 2623. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PERPETVITATI AVG, Securitas standing left, leaning on column, holding globe and sceptre. MIR 36, 1075aa; RIC V (sole reign) 504; Cunetio 1530. Fine, some silver content, porous, flan irregular.

Bought from CGB, Paris, 2010. Ex CGB Rome XXVI (2010), no. 227880.

This unusual reverse type combines the theme of Aeternitas – the endless continuity of the Roman Empire under the protection of the emperor – with that of Securitas – the safety of the empire and its people, again under the protection of the emperor.

437b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.63 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / AEQ[VITA]S AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae.

MIR 36, 1082i; RIC V (sole reign) 464 var. (no officina mark); Cunetio –. Fine, some silver content, porous, flan irregular. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in Rome).

Ex Glendining’s (30 September 1998), lot 139 (part of); Deeping St. James (Market Deeping), Lincolnshire, Hoard (1980) [IRBCH 699].

437c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.54 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 4, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; S in right field. MIR 36, 1084n; RIC V (sole reign) 464; Cunetio –. Fine, some silver content, porous, flan irregular. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in Goeblingen).

Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1997.

129

438.

438a

438b

438c

438d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($100)

438a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.11 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 4, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor; S in right field. MIR 36, – [1097h]; RIC V (sole reign) 489; Cunetio –. Fair, brown surfaces.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1990.

438b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.30 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina.

Issue 4, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG GER, radiate head left / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor; S in right field. MIR 36, – [1101i]; RIC V (sole reign) 489–90 var. (obv. legend, bust type and officina mark); Cunetio –. Near VF, brown surfaces, some roughness.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1994.

438c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.05 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3.

GALLIENVS AVG GER, radiate bust left, with drapery on right shoulder / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor. MIR 36, – (1099-1102 var.: bust type, no officina mark); RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near VF, trace of silver content, porous.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

438d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.33 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 4, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate bust right, with drapery on left shoulder / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor; P in exergue. MIR 36, 1106k; RIC V (sole reign) 490 var. (bust type and officina mark); Cunetio 1631. VF, toned, good silver content, flan crack.

Bought from Spink, 1983. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

130

Unique – MIR Plate Coin Extremely Rare Bust Type

439.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.26 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. IMP GALLIENVS AVG GER, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, right hand raised, shield on left arm / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor. MIR 36, 1115w (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 490 var. (obv. legend and bust type). VF, good silver content, flan a little irregular. Apparently unique, the sole example listed in MIR. ($300) Ex Mūnzen & Medaillen GmbH 43 (26 February 2016), lot 495; Sternberg XV (11 April 1985), lot 551.

This coin was discussed and illustrated by Doyen, ‘types iconographiques’ (1987), p. 100 no. 12, and Pl. 8, no. 12a. See introductory chapter on Portraiture for further discussion.

Lot numbers 438a-d and 439 all belong to an large issue of antoniniani from Milan with the Laetitia reverse type (MIR 1093-1124). The variety of obverse legends, bust types and officina marks employed in this series is extensive, but only a very few of these combinations are represented in MIR by substantial numbers of recorded coins (some of 1093, 1095 and 1098). Many of the others were known to Göbl from a single coin only, and the fact that three of the variants in this collection were not recorded in MIR at all indicates that even more are probably still to be identified. This raises a number of questions: why was this particular reverse type deemed to be of such significance at this mint at this time?; why were so many different dies, both obverse and reverse, devoted to this issue?; and why are so few examples of most of them known to exist today?

Laetitia simply means ‘joy’ or ‘gladness’, an emotion no doubt to be experienced by the Romans as a result of the beneficial rule of the emperor, but why is it represented by a figure holding a wreath and an anchor? Melville Jones (1990, p. 156) suggests that the anchor may imply a connection with the corn supply to Rome, but that seems less probable on coins struck at the military mint in Milan. The large number of different dies implies that the coin issue was intended to be very large, so there must have been some important message to be conveyed on these coins, even if it is difficult today to discover what that may have been. The small number of recorded coins of most of the variants suggests, on the other hand, that the number of coins actually struck may have fallen far short of what had been intended. On the other hand, many other Milan mint types, of this and other issues, are also represented in MIR by very few actual coins. Is this simply the result of the accidents of survival, or does it reflect the collecting policy of those major institutions whose collections were studied by Göbl in the preparation of MIR? Are Milan mint coins less likely to have been included in hoards, owing to a restricted area of distribution? There seems to be scope for a great deal of research to be done on this topic.

440. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.44 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe, holding eagle-tipped sceptre / ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left, raising right hand and holding globe. MIR 36, – [1142dd1]; RIC V (joint reign) 387 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, brown surfaces, flan a little irrgular. ($150) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

131

441.

441a

441b

441c

441d

441e

441f

Lot of six (6) coins.

($100)

441a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.59 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 2623. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / DIANA FELIX, Diana standing right, holding spear and bow; at her feet, hound. MIR 36, 1146i; RIC V (sole reign) 473; Cunetio 1589. Good Fine, some silver content.

Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1997.

441b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.20 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 2623. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANA FELIX, Diana standing right, holding spear and bow; at her feet, hound. MIR 36, 1146m; RIC V (sole reign) 473; Cunetio 1593. Near VF, good silver content, worn though highest points.

441c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.16 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 2623. GALLIENVS AV[G], radiate head right / APOLLO CO[NS]ERVA, Apollo standing facing, head right, raising right hand to head and holding lyre set on draped column. MIR 36, 1166m; RIC V (sole reign) 467 corr. (lyre on column, not rock); Cunetio 1505 corr. (rev. legend). Good Fine, a trace of silvering, deposits, and a thin flan.

Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (the Cunetio coin, now in the BM).

Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2430.

441d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.54 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 2623. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / APOLLO CONSER, Apollo standing facing, head left, holding laurel branch and mantle. MIR 36, 1171m; RIC V (sole reign) 468; Cunetio 1592. Fine, good silver content.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 403 (part of).

441e Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.89 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VESTA FELIX, Vesta standing left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 36, 1178dd2; RIC V (sole reign) 69; Cunetio 1684. VF, brown surfaces.

Bought from Marc Hariga, Brussels, 1991.

441f Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 2.41 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. SA[LON]INA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS FE[LIX], Venus standing right, holding infant / Cupid and sceptre. MIR 36, 1180dd2; RIC V –; Cunetio 1323 (Rome). Near VF, small flan, traces of silvering.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 291 (part of).

442.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.97 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. IMP GALLIENVS AVG COS V, radiate bust left in consular robe, holding eagle-tipped sceptre / VIRTVS AVG, Virtus / soldier standing left, holding spear and resting right hand on shield. MIR 36, 1159dd1; RIC V (joint reign) 114a; Cunetio –. VF, good silver quality, a few deposits, irregular flan. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (Alföldi, Studien, pl. 14, 13). ($150) Ex Glendining’s (8 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

132

443 444 443. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.04 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 4, AD 262-3. IMP GALLIENVS AVG GER, radiate bust left, with drapery on right shoulder / VIRTVS AVG, Virtus / soldier standing left, holding spear and resting right hand on shield. MIR 36, – [1160l]; RIC V (sole reign) 535 var. (bust type and no officina mark); Cunetio –. VF, toned, good silver content. ($150) Ex CGF Monnaies 59 (19 June 2013), lot 478.

Unique – MIR Plate Coin 444. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.00 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 5, AD 265.

IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, seen from rear, wearing balteus and aegis, with spear pointing upwards / INDVLG AVG, Indulgentia / Spes walking left, holding flower and raising fold of robe; P in right field. MIR 36, 1203l (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 485 var. (obv. legend, bust type and position of officina mark); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, a couple little flan flaws. Apparently unique, the sole example noted by MIR. ($100) Ex Aufhäuser 11 (21 March 1995), lot 342; Sternberg XV (11 April 1985), lot 550.

445a

445.

445c

Lot of five (5) coins.

445b

445d

445e

($100)

445a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.93 g, 4h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 5, AD 265. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right, with drapery on left shoulder / ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; S in exergue. MIR 36, 1212e; RIC V (sole reign) 494 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1621. VF, brown surfaces, touch of porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

445b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.84 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 5, AD 265. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / AVGVSTA IN PACE, empress seated left, holding olive branch and sceptre; P in exergue. MIR 36, 1234a; RIC V (sole reign) 60; Cunetio 1537. VF, toned, good silver content.

Ex “Bavarian Collection” (Numismatic Fine Arts XXXI, 18 March 1993), lot 1135.

In the past it has been suggested that this very unusual reverse legend indicated that Salonina had converted to Christianity. It is true that Gallienus had reversed the policy of his father and granted freedom of worship to the Christians, but it is most unlikely that the conversion of an empress would have gone unrecorded in any history of the period. It is far more likely that this is just another piece of propaganda concerning the ‘golden age’ which was to be inaugurated by the rule of Gallienus.

445c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 3.09 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 5, AD 265. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS VICT, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre; at her feet, child / Cupid. MIR 36, 1236a; RIC V (sole reign) 66; Cunetio 1680. Near VF, brown surfaces, trace of silvering.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1989.

445d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.61 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 6, AD 266. IMP [GALLIE]NVS AVG, radiate head right / S[AL]VS AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, holding staff around which snake coils; P in left field. MIR 36, 1285f; RIC V (sole reign) 511b var. (officina mark); Cunetio –. Good Fine, some silver content.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 324.

133

445e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.55 g). Obverse brockage. Mediolanum (Milan) mint.

6th-7th issue, AD 265-267. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate head right / Incuse of obverse. VF, thin die break in field on obverse, a few deposits. Rare brockage.

Ex CNG Inventory 779720 (November 2006).

According to MIR, this obverse legend and type combination was only used for the 6th and 7th emissions at Mediolanum. The style is also consistent with this period at that mint.

446 447 446. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.02 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 5, AD 265. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe, holding eagle-tipped sceptre / PAX AVG, Pax walking left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S in exergue. MIR 36, 1230m; RIC V (sole reign) 500 var. (obv. legend and bust type); Cunetio –. Fine, toned, some silver content, rough surfaces. ($100) Bought from David Miller 1999.

Unrecorded Denarius 447. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Denarius (16mm, 3.32 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 6, AD 266. GALLIENVS P F AVG, laureate head right / FELICIT AVG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and sceptre. MIR 36, – (rev. as 1254); RIC V –. VF, brown surfaces, a touch of roughness. ($150) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica B (25 February 1992), lot 2171.

The reverse places this coin in Issue 6 at Milan, but no denarii are recorded for this issue at all. MIR 1254r and RIC (sole reign) 542 record quinarii with this reverse, but with different obverse legend and bust type.

Unrecorded Quinarius

448.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (15.5mm, 1.48 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 6, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, head right, wearing lion-skin head-dress / PIETAS AVG, Pietas standing facing, raising both hands; altar at feet, to left. MIR 36, – ([1261r] var. (bust type); RIC V –. VF, traces of silvering, minor roughness. Exceptional. Extremely rare. ($2000) Ex Gorny & Mosch 142 (10 October 2005), lot 2854.

MIR records only one quinarius type in this series (1254r, with reverse FELICIT AVG), and this ‘Hercules’ bust type is not recorded for any denomination in this series.

449. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.58 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 6, AD 266. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG [COS VI], radiate bust left in consular robe, holding eagle-tipped sceptre / PIETAS AVG, Pietas standing facing, raising both hands; altar at feet, to left; P in exergue. MIR 36, 1277q (same obv. die as illustration); RIC V (sole reign) 505 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, traces of silver, minor green deposits on reverse. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the BM). ($150) Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2432.

134

450. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.20 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina. Issue 6, AD 266. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, seen from rear, wearing balteus and aegis, with spear pointing upwards / SALVS AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, holding staff around which snake coils; P in left field. MIR 36, – [1286p]; RIC V (sole reign) 511 var. (bust type). Good VF, traces of silvering, minor roughness. ($500) Ex Rauch 94 (9 April 2014), lot 1245.

Unique – MIR Plate Coin

451. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.16 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 6, AD 266.

SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / FELICITAS PVBLI, Felicitas standing facing, head left, holding caduceus and leaning on column. MIR 36, 1301r (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 61 var. (rev. legend); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, traces of silver content. Apparently unique, the sole piece noted by MIR. ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

The normal reverse legend for this type is FELICIT PVBL (MIR 1302, RIC 61). This is the only recorded coin with the longer legend.

452.

452a

452b

452c

452d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($100)

452a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.37 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 1st officina.

Issue 7, AD 266. IM[P GALLIENV]S P F AVG GER, radiate head right / P M TR [P VII CO]S, emperor standing left, sacrificing with patera over field altar and holding baton; MP in exergue. MIR 36, 1322d; RIC V (sole reign) 461 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio 1754. Fine, brown surfaces, minor deposits.

Bought from Spink, 1993. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CI.4 (May 1993), no. 3386.

452b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.33 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina.

Issue 7, AD 266. IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate bust right, with drapery on left shoulder / FORT REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; MS in exergue. MIR 36, – [1353f]; RIC V (sole reign) 482; Cunetio 1745; Normanby 474 (this coin, illustrated). Fine, some silver content.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 474.

135

452c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.34 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina.

Issue 7, AD 266. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate head right / FORT REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; MS in exergue. MIR 36, 1353Ad; RIC V (sole reign) 482–4 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio 1751. Good Fine, brown surfaces, traces of silver content. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (the Cunetio coin, now in the BM).

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 478 (part of).

452d Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.45 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 7, AD 266. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / [VEN]VS VICT, Venus standing left, holding helmet and transverse sceptre and resting left arm on shield. MIR 36, 1368o; RIC V (sole reign) 67; Cunetio 1786. Near VF, brown surfaces, clashed dies, two flan cracks.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 513 (part of).

453 454 455 453.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.52 g, 1h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 7, AD 266.

IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe, holding eagle-tipped sceptre / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; · S [·] M · in exergue. MIR 36, 1349m; RIC V (sole reign) 482 var. (bust type and officina mark); Cunetio –. Near VF, rough brown surfaces. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in Karlsruhe). ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

454. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.77 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 7, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, with drapery on right shoulder / SALVS [AV]G, Salus standing right, feeding from a patera a snake held in her arms; MS in exergue. MIR 36, – [1354g]; RIC V (sole reign) 512a var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, brown surfaces, flan a little irregular. ($75) Bought from David Miller 2004.

455. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.79 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Issue 8, AD 266-7. IMP [………. GA]LLIENVS AVG, radiate and helmeted bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding vertical standard and transverse sceptre. Unpublished, reverse as MIR 36, 1370 and RIC V (sole reign) 481, but MILITVM and no officina mark. Near Fine, green patina, rough in spots. ($75) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

This coin appears to be completely unrecorded. The only coins displaying this reverse design are those catalogued as MIR 1370-1371 and RIC (sole reign) 481, with legend FIDES MILIT, so this coin has been placed here in this catalogue, but it differs in having the longer legend and no mark in the exergue. Also, the obverse legend, which is extremely hard to read owing to wear, appears unparalleled. There is space for a considerable number of letters between IMP and LLIENVS, some of which are present but impossible to read successfully. The three letters immediately above and to the left of the helmet appear to be NVS, but I know of no coin inscription reading ……. NVS GALLIENVS … This is potentially an important piece, but frustratingly impossible to describe adequately.

456.

456a

Lot of three (3) coins.

456b

456c

($100)

456a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.73 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. Issue 8, AD 266-7. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO AVG, Juno seated left, holding infant and flower: MS in exergue. MIR 36, 1381e; RIC V (sole reign) 62; Cunetio 1785. Near VF, even gray brown surfaces.

Bought from Claude Burgan, 1987.

136

456b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.31 g, 6h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 3rd officina. Issue 8, AD 266-7. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / AETERN AVG, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe; MT in exergue. MIR 36, 1383a; RIC V (sole reign) 465a; Cunetio 1778. Good Fine, porous brown surfaces.

Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 250 (part of).

456c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.42 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 3rd officina.

Issue 8, AD 266-7. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / BON EVEN AVG, Genius standing left by altar, holding patera and corn-ears; [MT in exergue]. MIR 36, 1391a; RIC V (sole reign) 470 var. (rev. legend); Cunetio 1780.

Good Fine, traces of silvering.

The significance of this Bonus Eventus (good/successful outcome) is unclear here. It may refer to a successful military venture, but the fact that the figure holds corn-ears suggests some connection with Rome’s corn supply. Might it refer to a successful harvest, with the genius (spirit) of the emperor performing a sacrifice to give thanks to the gods for this?

Mint of Siscia The mint at Siscia, in the province of Pannonia (modern Sisak in Croatia), was opened in late AD 262 or early 263 in order to supply coinage to pay the armies on the Danube frontier (MIR pp. 118-9). Stylistic similarities demonstrate that it was staffed initially by personnel transferred from the Rome mint. Göbl identified no less than thirteen separate issues during the remainder of Gallienus’s reign. Most of the types identified are represented by very few specimens located, and this collection contains a number of varieties not known at all to Göbl, but by contrast some of the issues of greatest interest (e.g. IO CANTAB and SISCIA AVG) are among those of which he knew of the most specimens.

This must simply be a reflection of the collecting priorities of the major museums, where most or all of these specimens are to be found.

457. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.88 g, 12h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear / [P M] T P [C V P P], emperor standing right, holding sceptre and globe, crowned by Victory, standing right, behind him. MIR 36, 1393dd; RIC V –; Cunetio –. Fine, rough and pitted brown surfaces.

Very rare. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

Only two examples of this rare reverse type were known to Göbl, both with this obverse bust. The illustrated piece, copied from Alföldi 19278, is from the same dies as this coin. The reverse legend, including a reference to Gallienus’s fifth consulate, demonstrates that this first issue at Siscia could not have commenced before AD 262. MIR (p. 118) notes a previously published observation that, since there are no issues at Siscia marking the emperor’s decennalia, the mint is can not have commenced striking until much later in the year.

458 459 458. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.85 g, 12h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / IO CANTAB, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 1395i; RIC V (sole reign) 573; Cunetio –. VF, gray brown surfaces, minor porosity. ($100) Ex Glendining’s (7 March 1990), lot 817 (part of).

See introductory chapter on Religion and divine protection for discussion of the association of Jupiter with this reverse legend.

459. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.08 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IO CANTAB, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. MIR 36, 1395ff; RIC V (sole reign) 573; Cunetio 1796. VF, silvering, a little blotchy in spots. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 57 (4 April 2001), lot 1389.

See introductory chapter on Religion and divine protection for discussion of the association of Jupiter with this reverse legend.

137

460. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.21 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, with shield on left shoulder(?); cuirass decorated with depiction of emperor on horseback, spearing fallen enemy / PAX AVG, Pax walking left, holding olive branch and sceptre. MIR 36, – [1397aa2]; RIC V (sole reign) 576 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near Fine, porous brown surfaces. ($75) Bought from David Miller 1996.

The obverse of this coin is from the same die as MIR 1395aa2, the only coin known to Göbl with this bust type. The bust is described as having a shield held on the left (inner) shoulder, but this appears far from definite.

MIR Plate Coin

461. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 2.73 g, 12h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. [GAL]LIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, viewed from rear, wearing balteus; shield on left shoulder, decorated with gorgoneion; spear pointing forwards and upwards / PROVIDEN AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at her feet. MIR 36, 1399q (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 580 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, dark brown surfaces, ovoid flan. ($150) Ex Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 551.

462 463 462.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.67 g, 1h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVC AVG (sic), radiate and draped bust left / PROVIDEN AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at her feet.

MIR 36, – [1399y]; RIC V (sole reign) 580 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, even brown surfaces, flan crack. ($100) Ex Giessener Münzhandlung 73 (11 October 1995), lot 448.

463.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.72 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PROVIDEN AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at her feet.

MIR 36, – [1399aa1]; RIC V (sole reign) 580; Cunetio 1806. Near VF, brown surfaces, some weakness of strike. ($75) Ex Glendining’s (12 October 1992), lot 250 (part of).

138

Unpublished Reverse Type

464. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.38 g, 5h). Siscia mint. Issue 1, AD 262-3. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, emperor standing left, holding globe and sceptre; captive kneeling at his feet.

MIR 36, – (1405ff var., two captives on rev.); RIC V (sole reign) 590 var. (same); Cunetio –. Near EF, wonderful silvering. exceptional strike. ($200) Ex Gorny & Mosch 216 (15 October 2013), lot 3218.

This reverse, with just one captive, seems otherwise unrecorded.

465 466 465.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.29 g, 6h). Siscia mint. Issue 2, AD 264-5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, viewed from rear / PAX AVG, Pax seated left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, 1411x; RIC V (sole reign) 577 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, brown surfaces, some roughness. ($75) Bought from Spink, 2000. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVIII.6 (December 2000), no. RM0060.

Unpublished Quinarius 466. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Quinarius (14mm, 1.11 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 2, AD 264-5. GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVG, Pax seated left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. Good Fine, gray brown surfaces. Mimor reverse deposits. Very rare. ($500) Ex Kūnker 115 (25 September 2006), lot 738.

This quinarius seems not to have been recorded previously.I have attributed it to the Siscia mint, as the only recorded antoninianus issue of Gallienus depicting Pax seated is MIR 1411, RIC (sole reign) 577. MIR does not record any fractional denominations from this mint at all.

SISCIA AVG

467. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.85 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 2, AD 264-5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SISCIA AVG, Siscia seated left, arms outstretched; below, river god swimming to left, holding urn. MIR 36, 1416ff; RIC V (sole reign) 582; Cunetio –. Good VF, some silver content. well struck for issue. Very rare. ($1500) Ex Triton II (1 December 1998), lot 1004.

Here the city goddess of Siscia is portrayed seated above a representation of the River Sava.

139

468. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.85 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 2, AD 264-5. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SISCI[A AVG], Siscia seated left, arms outstretched; below, river god swimming to right, holding urn. MIR 36, 1416ff var. (river god); RIC V (sole reign) 582 var. (same); Cunetio –. Near VF, some silvering, a little porosity. Very rare. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 40 (4 December 1996), lot 1663.

The vast majority of the known specimens of this rare reverse type depict the river god swimming to the left, but on this coin he swims to the right. Another example, from a different die, formed lot 220 in the Helios Numismatik auction 3, 29 April 2009.

Unpublished Mystery Item

469. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Billon offstrike? (22.5mm, 4.01 g, 10h). Siscia mint(?) (or Rome?). Issue 2, AD 264-5. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / CONCORDIA AET, Concordia seated left, holding patera and cornucopiae. MIR 36, –; RIC V –. VF, gray brown surfaces. Unpublished and apparently unique. ($300) Ex Roma E-Sale 17 (25 April 2015), lot 963.

This item was described in the auction catalogue as a denarius, but it is much too large and heavy. The designs are also at too large a scale for this simply to be a denarius struck on an over-large flan. It could be an antoninianus with a die-sinker’s error on the obverse, omitting the crescent below the bust, and if so it must come from the Siscia mint (MIR 1417), as Rome issues with this reverse have officina marks (MIR 542-3). However, it could also be an offstrike from aureus dies. The tables in MIR leave spaces for such with this reverse type (542e, 543e and 1417), but no specimens are recorded. Gallienus aurei froim Rome of the same issue (MIR 545d and 552d) have no officina mark, so a Salonina aureus might also.

470

471

470. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.76 g, 10h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / P M T P VII COS P P, Gallienus standing facing, head right, holding spear and parazonium; on either side of him a river-god reclines, holding a reed and resting on an urn, from which water flows. MIR 36, 1420i (same dies as illustration); RIC V (sole reign) 549 corr. (rev. legend); Cunetio –. Near VF, brown surfaces, flan a little irregular. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (in the BM, published in Alföldi, Studien, pl. 4, 10). ($75) Ex Berk BBS 114 (23 May 2000), lot 430.

The two river gods are generally believed to represent the rivers Sava and Kulpa which flow together at Siscia, rather than the Rhein and Main, as suggested in RIC. The one known reverse die was also used to strike aurei (1420h). The object shown in the emperor’s left hand, described as a parazonium, is believed to be a short sword or dagger worn at the zone, or waist (Melville Jones 1990, p. 234.).

471. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.60 g, 6h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, with drapery on right shoulder; spear, pointing upwards and backwards, across right shoulder / AEQVIT AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 1424n (same dies); RIC V (sole reign) 553 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, a little porosity. ($100) Bought from CGB, Paris, December 2014.

140

472 473 472. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 3.30 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. [GA]LL[I]ENVS AVG, radiate head left / AEQVIT AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 36, 1424p; RIC V (sole reign) 553 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, brown surfaces, on a short flan. Extremely rare, only one noted by MIR (uncertain disposition, illustrated on Tafel 128 [Nachtrage]). ($75) Bought from Spink, 2000. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVIII.1 (February 2000), no. 104.

473. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.02 g, 12h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / AEQVIT AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [1424z]; RIC V (sole reign) 553 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, dark brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Lanz 120 (18 May 2004), lot 525.

474.

Lot of four (4) coins.

474a

474b

474c

474d

($100)

474a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.33 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / ANNONA AVG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae; modius at her feet. MIR 36, 1426k; RIC V (sole reign) 557 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, some silver, rough, encrusted green and brown.

Bought from David Miller 1999.

474b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.75 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre. MIR 36, 1441o; RIC V (sole reign) 575; Cunetio 1821. Near VF, warm brown surfaces, some traces of silvering. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in a private collection).

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 538 (part of).

This coin differs from the very common MIR 1441i in having the two wreath ties hanging parallel (position 2).

474c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.02 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS [AVG], radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, viewed from rear, holding spear, pointing upwards, and shield on left shoulder / VICT[ORI]A AVG, Victory running right, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 1445z; RIC V ( sole reign) 588 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1809 (same dies). Fine, weakly struck. Some traces of silvering.

Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2433.

MIR records two specimens of this coin, the one illustrated being the Cunetio hoard example.

474d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 2.76 g, 7h). Siscia mint, 1st officina. Issue 9, AD 2678. [GALL]IENVS AVG, radiate head right / P M TR P XVI C[O]S VII, emperor standing left, holding globe and sceptre; P in left field. MIR 36, 1494b; RIC V (sole reign) 550; Cunetio 1867. Near VF, ragged and dark brown.

Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 251 (part of).

This reverse, on which Gallienus is described as holding the tribunicia potestas (tribunician power) for the sixteenth time, should provide a clue to its date. However, the month during which tribunician power was renewed at this period has been a matter for discussion. The arguments are summarised by Geiger (2013, pp. 84-86), who concludes that the balance of probability is for August / September. If we accept the theory that Valerian I and Gallienus dated their first TR P from the date of the death of Trebonianus Gallus and Volusian in June / July 253 only until August / September of the same year, then Gallienus’s TR P XVI would have commenced in August / September 267.

141

475. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 2.20 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and helmeted bust right / FELICI AVG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae. MIR 36, – [1428 ll var. (bust StrkH1); RIC V (sole reign) 565 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Good Fine, dark brown surfaces. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

476. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Aureus (21mm, 3.94 g, 12h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GR, laureate head right / FIDES M[IL]ITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards. MIR 36, 1434b; RIC V –; Calicó 3499 var. (obv. legend). Near VF, holed and plugged. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the Staatliche Museen, Berlin). ($1000) Ex Gemini VII (9 January 2011), lot 823.

The Berlin specimen, illustrated in MIR, is from the same reverse die as this coin, and appears to have been pierced in exactly the same place, just above the head of Fides.

477 478 479 477. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ trial striking from antoninianus dies (23mm, 9.22 g, 6h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre. As MIR 36, 1441a; as RIC V (sole reign) 575; as Cunetio 1821. Good Fine, brown surfaces, minor roughness. ($150) Bought from Spink, 1992. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular C.4 (May 1992), no. 2464.

This is clearly not just an accidentally overweight antoninianus. At approximately triple the normal weight, and on a flan of extremely base alloy, if indeed it contains any silver at all, it must be regarded as a test striking to assess dies.

478.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.92 g, 11h). Siscia mint. Issue 3, AD 266. GAL[LIE]NVS AVG, radiate head right / [V]IRTVS AVG, emperor standing left, holding sceptre and crowning trophy of arms; seated captive and shield at foot of trophy. MIR 36, 1450i; RIC V (sole reign) 592; Cunetio –. Near VF, brown surfaces, irregular flan. ($100) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012. Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 284298.

Unpublished Antoninianus 479. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.51 g, 6h). Siscia mint. Issue 4, AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, wearing lion-skin around shoulders and carrying club over right shoulder / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left holding rudder and cornucopiae; wheel below seat. Unpublished, but reverse type as MIR 36, 1458. Near VF, some silvering, weakly struck. Apparently unique. ($500) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 64 (17 May 2012), lot 2709.

This combination of bust type and reverse is otherwise unrecorded. This ‘Hercules’ bust was used at both Milan and Siscia (see introductory chapter on Portraiture), as was this reverse type, but at Milan all coins on which the latter occurs have an officina mark in the exergue (MIR 1347-1349). At Siscia this reverse is recorded by MIR (1458a) only on an aureus, but antoniniani of the same issue (4) are without officina mark. On balance, therefore, I am attributing this coin to Siscia. The obverse die may be the same as that used for MIR 1424s and 1441s, of Issue 3, but the photographs in MIR are not of a high enough quality to establish a definite link.

142

480. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.35 g, 6h). Siscia mint. Issue 4, AD 267-8. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / LVNA LVCIF, Luna in biga to left. MIR 36, 1469r; RIC V (sole reign) 63 (Milan). Good Fine, some silver content, rough surfaces. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the KMH, Vienna). ($100) Ex Savoca 22 (29 April 2018), lot 522.

481a 481.

481b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

481a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.24 g, 7h). Siscia mint. Issue 8, AD 267-8.

[SALON]INA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / PVDIC[ITIA AV]G, Pudicitia seated left, raising hand and holding long transverse sceptre; * in exergue. MIR 36, 1493r; RIC V (sole reign) 82 var. (officina mark); Cunetio –; Normanby 1493. Fine, some traces of silvering. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (the Normanby coin).

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 570 (part of).

MIR records just one specimen of this type, described as ‘NORMANBY 570’. The hoard included two specimens, in fact, and this coin is the other one. The type appears to be otherwise unrecorded with this officina mark.

481b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.94 g, 1h). Siscia mint, 2nd officina. Issue 10, AD 267-8. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / PVDICITIA AVG, Pudicitia seated left, raising hand and holding long transverse sceptre; * in left field, S in exergue. MIR 36, 1509r (this coin illustrated); RIC V (sole reign) 82 var. (officina mark); Cunetio 1865; Normanby 572 (this coin, illustrated). Fine, brown surfaces, mark before face.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1987. Ex Normanby, Lincolnshire, Hoard (1985) [IRBCH 854], no. 572.

482. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.15 g, 1h). Siscia mint. Issue 12, AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / DIANAE CONS AVG, stag standing left; S I in exergue. MIR 36, 1517b (same dies as illustration); RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, deeply toned. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR. ($200) Ex Gemini XI (12 January 2014), lot 505.

It is unclear why just a few of the ‘animal’ reverse types from the final issue at Rome were copied at Siscia. All strikings are excessively rare.

143

Mint of Cyzicus Various theories have been put forward over many years as to the locations of the various mints in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire and which coins were struck at each of them. This subject is too complicated to be addressed in this context, however, so I shall simply use the classification published in MIR. According to Professor Göbl, the only coins issued for Gallienus and Salonina at the mint of Cyzicus, beside the Sea of Marmara in modern Turkey, were those with the letters S P Q R in the exergue on the reverse. These all seem to have been struck in AD 267-8. (Other scholars attribute these coins to a mint at Smyrna, however.)

484 485 483 483. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.03 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, – [1525Ab]; RIC V (sole reign) 627 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. Near VF, some silvering. ($100) Bought from Spink, 2004. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CXII.6 (December 2004), no. RM2070.

484. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 4.84 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, 1525Ac; RIC V (sole reign) 627; Cunetio –. VF, good silvering, some green. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the KHM, Vienna). ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 2003.

485.

Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.79 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLLINI PAL, Apollo standing left, holding patera? and sceptre; S P Q R in exergue.

MIR 36, – [1528Ac]; RIC V (sole reign) 631; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, worn through at highest point. ($75) Bought from David Miller 1995.

486 487 488 486. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.50 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONSERVATOR AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, right hand leaning on snake-entwined staff; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, 1529Ac; RIC V (sole reign) 632. VF, some silver content, roughness and a few deposts. ($75) Ex London Ancient Coins 60 (14 February 2017), lot 168.

487. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.91 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / MINERVAE AVG (sic), Minerva standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, – [1544Ab var. (rev. legend)]; RIC V (sole reign) 651 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, nice silvering, several small spots of green. ($75) Ex Gorny & Mosch 108 (3 April 2001), lot 2025.

The reverse legend is normally MINERVA AVG.

488. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.72 g, 12h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVG, Salus standing facing, head right, feeding snake held in her arms; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, 1547Ac; RIC V (sole reign) 657; Cunetio –. VF, good silver content. ($100) Ex Schenk-Behrens 74 (27 November 1997), lot 284.

144

489

490

489. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.13 g, 5h). Cyzicus mint, 2nd officina. Struck AD 267-8.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; 2 pellets below / VENVS AVG, Venus standing left, holding helmet, spear and shield; S P Q R in exergue. MIR 36, – [1548Cc]; as RIC V (sole reign) 661. VF, darkly toned, a few spots of hard green. ($100) Ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 1 (25 June 2017), lot 1202.

490. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.45 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint. Struck AD 267-8. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVTI AVG, trophy of arms between two seated captives; S P Q R in exergue.

MIR 36, 1555Ac; RIC V (sole reign) 675; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, light earthen deposit along edge. ($75) Ex Negrini MBS 7 (8 March 1998), lot 482.

Mint of Antioch The mint at Antioch, in Syria, was already in existence prior to the accession of Valerian I and Gallienus, having struck coins for Trebonianus Gallus and Volusian. It was lost to the Persians, then reclaimed, with coin production restarting in late AD 253 or, more probably early 254 (MIR p. 127). MIR issues 1-6 included antoniniani in the names of Valerian I, Gallienus, Salonina, Valerian II and Saloninus, as well as a few very rare Asses for both senior emperors. Antioch was lost to the Romans after Valerian’s disastrous campaigns against the Persians, then regained, and sole reign issues for Gallienus and Salonina formed issues 7-16, commencing in AD 263.

491 492 491.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ As (24mm, 9.67 g, 1h). Antioch mint. Issue 1 AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / AEQVTAS AVGG (sic), Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae.

MIR 36, 1558c var. (rev. legend); RIC V 297 var. (same). VF, dark brown surfaces, lighter highlights. Rare. ($300) Ex Sternberg XXV (25 November 1991), lot 421.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

492. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ As (25mm, 9.11 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVGG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae.

MIR 36, 1558f; RIC V (joint reign) 462. VF, dark green patina, ,traces of deposits, a few cleaning marks. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 78 (14 May 2008), lot 1821.

493.

Lot of four (4) coins.

493a

493b

493c

493d

($100)

493a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.33 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AETERNITATI AVGG, Saturn standing right, holding scythe. MIR 36, 1559a; RIC V 210 (Viminacium); Cunetio 801. VF, some silver content, a little rough.

Bought from Seaby, 1981.

145

493b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 4.32 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANA LVCIFERA, Diana standing right, holding torch. MIR 36, 1560a; RIC V 212 (Viminacium); Cunetio 812. VF, some silver content, a little rough, a few green deposits.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Reportedly ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]).

493c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.03 g, 1h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FORTVNA REDVX, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus. MIR 36, 1561a; RIC V 214 (Viminacium); Cunetio 814. VF, some silver content, a little rough.

Bought from B. Franceschi et Fils, Brussels, 1991.

493d Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.60 g, 1h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PACATORI ORBIS, Jupiter seated left, holding patera and sceptre; eagle at his feet. MIR 36, 1562a; RIC V 218 (Viminacium); Cunetio 816. VF, darkly toned.

494.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1985.

494a Lot of three (3) coins.

494b

494c

($100)

494a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.51 g, 7h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PIETATI AVGG, Pietas standing left, holding sceptre and leaning on column. MIR 36, 1563a; RIC V 219 (Viminacium); Cunetio 818. VF, good silver, deeply toned.

Bought from Seaby, 1982.

494b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (24mm, 4.37 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVT GENER HVMANI, emperor walking right, right hand raised, left holding globe. MIR 36, 1564a; RIC V 220 (Viminacium); Cunetio 820. Near VF, some silver, a few deposits.

Bought from Galata, 1980. Ex Galata FPL (Summer 1980), no. 166.

494c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.98 g, 1h). Antioch mint. Issue 1, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE AVGG, soldier standing right, holding spear and resting left hand on shield. MIR 36, 1566a; RIC V 225 (Viminacium); Cunetio 822. VF, good silver content, toned.

495.

Bought from Galata 1982.

495a

Lot of three (3) coins.

495b

495c

($75)

495a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.70 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 2, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS SAECVLI, Diana walking right, holding torch. MIR 36, 1569a; RIC V 213 (Viminacium); Cunetio 813. VF, some silvering, darkly toned, a few deposits.

Bought from Monnaies et Médailles, Brussels, 1991.

495b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.74 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 2, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VENVS VICTRIX, Venus standing left, leaning on shield, holding helmet and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, 1573a; RIC V 222 (Viminacium); Cunetio 807. Near VF, some silver content, rough.

Bought from B. Franceschi et Fils, Brussels, 1991.

146

495c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.70 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 3, AD 253-255. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing right, feeding snake held in her right hand. MIR 36, 1581b; RIC V –; Cunetio 798. Near VF, good silver content, some roughness.

Bought from Spink, 2000. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVIII.6 (December 2000), no. RM0051.

496. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (26mm, 3.69 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 4, AD 256-257. IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / APOLNI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre on rock.

MIR 36, 1586b; RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near EF, nice silver, iridescent tone, minor reverse roughness. ($150) Ex Elsen 73 (15 March 2003), lot 403.

497.

Lot of two (2) coins.

497a

497b

($75)

497a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.88 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 5, AD 257-260. IMP VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 1602a; RIC V 289 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, nice silver, toned. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in the KHM, Vienna).

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1990. Ex Jacquier FPL 11 (Spring 1990), no. 159.

497b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.70 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issue 6, AD 260?. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA GERMAN, emperor standing left, holding globe and spear, receiving wreath from Victory, standing right, holding palm branch; * in upper field. MIR 36, 1607b; RIC V (joint reign) 452; Cunetio 840. Near VF, low silver content, rough surfaces.

498.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

498a Lot of three (3) coins.

498b

498c

($100)

498a Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.90 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 4, AD 256-257.

P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / PRINCIPI IVBENTVTIS (sic), prince standing left, holding baton and spear. MIR 36, 1597d var. (rev. legend); RIC V 51 var. (same); Cunetio –. Near VF, low silver content, rough surfaces.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1981.

The use of B instead of V in the reverse legend is an example of an attested occasional practice at the time.

498b Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.91 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 5, AD 257258. P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / VICTORIA PART, Victory standing right, presenting wreath to prince, standing left, holding spear. MIR 36, 1604d; RIC V 54; Cunetio 833. VF, brown surfaces.

Bought from Galata, 1979.

498c Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.43 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issue 5, AD 258260. P COR SAL VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / DII NVTRITORES, Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre, presenting Victory to prince, standing right, holding spear. MIR 36, 1606e; RIC V 35; Cunetio 841.

Near VF, low silver content.

Bought from Stanley Gibbons, 1977.

147

499

500

Unpublished Reverse for Antioch

501

499.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.85 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issue 4 or 5, AD 256-258. P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / IOVI CRESCENTI, infant Jupiter riding on Amalthean goat to right. MIR 36, –; RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near VF, some silvering, thick layer of find patina. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

This is a very puzzling coin. This reverse is not otherwise known to have been used at the Antioch mint, and it would be easy just to write this coin off as an ancient forgery, combining obverse and reverse types from different mints; the partially damaged silver wash on the surface might be seen to support this. However, the coin appears to have been struck, not cast, and from official dies. The fabric has not been analysed, however. It is difficult to imagine how forgers could have acquired an obverse die from Antioch and a reverse die from Cologne in order to strike counterfeit coins, and the possibility therefore remains that this is a genuine Antioch mint striking. It was discussed alongside other aspects of this coinage by Holmes 2017b.

Unpublished Valerian II / Saloninus Hybrid 500.

Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 2.94 g, 11h). Hybrid with reverse of Saloninus. Antioch mint. Issue 5, AD 258-260. P LIC COR VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / DII NVTRITORES, Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre, presenting Victory to prince, standing right, holding spear. Reverse as MIR 36, 1606e, as RIC V 35. VF, some silvering, reverse deposits. Apparently unique. ($150) Ex Berk BBS 196 (4 February 2016), lot 377.

An old obverse die of Valerian II, since deceased, has been used in error in combination with a reverse of Saloninus after he had succeeded to the rank of Caesar.

Unique – MIR Plate Coin 501. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.89 g, 7h). Antioch mint. Issue 5, AD 257-260. IMP GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PIETAS AVGG, diademed and draped bust of Salonina right. MIR 36, 1606Ab (this coin illustrated); RIC V –; Cunetio –. VF, rough surfaces, some silvering, pit before bust of Salonina. Unique, the only recorded example. ($300) Ex I. Vecchi 5 (5 March 1997), lot 763.

The note in the Vecchi auction catalogue stated: ‘This dynastic issue,of which there is recorded one other specimen, now lost, in the names of Valerian and Gallienus (PRINCIPI IVBENTVTIS, bare-headed bust r.), Bonham-Vecchi sale 7 (1982), 431, records the celebration at the Syrian capital of the first quinquennium and the consulships (IV and III respectively) of the emperors.’

502a

502.

502c Lot of five (5) coins.

502b

502d

502e

($100)

502a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.49 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263.

GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P XII COS V P P, Serapis standing left, right hand raised, left holding sceptre. MIR 36, 1608b; RIC V (sole reign) 600; Cunetio 1882. VF, minor amount of silvering, rough.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1997.

The imperial titles date this issue to August – December 263.

148

502b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.65 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263.

GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI STATORI, Jupiter standing left, head right, holding thunderbolt and long vertical sceptre. MIR 36, 1612b; RIC V (sole reign) 644 corr. (rev. description); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, roughness.

Ex Glendining’s (12 December 1990), lot 109 (part of).

502c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.76 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263.

GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGVSTI, Hercules standing right, holding club and lion-skin; * in right field. MIR 36, 1616e; RIC V (sole reign) 672 var. (officina mark); Cunetio 1891. VF, some silvering, minor deposits.

Ex Marc Hariga (9 June 1990), lot 100.

502d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.13 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGVSTI, Hercules standing right, holding club and lion-skin; * in right field. MIR 36, 1616g; RIC V (sole reign) 673; Cunetio 1900. VF, some silvering, flan crack.

Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1981.

502e Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.00 g, 11h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre; peacock at her feet; * in left field. MIR 36, 1619f; RIC V (sole reign) 92; Cunetio 1901. VF, some silvering, minor roughness.

503.

Bought from Monnaies et Médailles, Brussels, 1991.

503a

503b

503c

503d

Lot of four (4) coins.

($100)

503a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.99 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; * in left field. MIR 36, 1610g; RIC V (sole reign) 627; Cunetio 1893. VF, some silvering, minor roughness, a few deposits.

Ex Marc Hariga (9 June 1990), lot 98.

503b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.20 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AETERNITATI AVG, Sol standing left, right hand raised, left holding globe. MIR 36, 1611g; RIC V (sole reign) 630; Cunetio 1895. VF, some silvering, minor green deposits.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

503c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.06 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and spear. MIR 36, 1613g; RIC V (sole reign) 655; Cunetio 1897. VF, some silvering, deeply toned.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

503d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.33 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; * in exergue. MIR 36, 1615i; RIC V (sole reign) 663; Cunetio 1904. VF, nice silvering.

Bought from Spink, 1992.

149

504 505 504. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.34 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITATS AVG (sic), Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; * in exergue. MIR 36, 1610i var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 627 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, silvering, roughness, some green. ($75) Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 191.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

505. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.38 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENS P FAVG (sic), radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 1615b var. (obv. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 662 var. (same); Cunetio 1884 var. (same). VF, trace of silvering. ($100) Ex Elsen 61 (18 March 2000), lot 452.

A die-sinker’s error in the obverse legend.

506 507 506. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.38 g, 1h). Antioch mint. Issues 7-10, AD 263. GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTORIA AVG (sic), Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. MIR 36, 1615e var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 663 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, nice silvering, minor roughness. ($100) Bought from David Miller 2004.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

507. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.44 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265. GALLIENVS AV[G], radiate head left / P M TR P XII / C VI P P in exergue, radiate lion walking left. MIR 36, 1620f; RIC V (sole reign) 601 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, rough surfaces. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (Alföldi, Studien, pl. 37, 7). ($150) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012. Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 284685.

The titles in the reverse inscription date this coin to January-August AD 264. Manders (2012, pp. 297-8) suggests that the reverse designs of this and the next coin may refer to: ‘the victories which Odaenathus [of Palmyra], Rome’s ally, gained over the Persians, probably in 262-263 and 267. This hypothesis is strengthened by the thirteenth Sibylline Oracle’s description of the Persians as “venom spitting beasts” who have been destroyed by Odaenathus, the “sun-sent, dreadful, fearful lion, breathing much fire”.’ Against this, and for a discussion of the use of this reverse type by various emperors, see Woods forthcoming (2018). He rejects various past suggestions as to its significance, and favours the radiate lion with thunderbolt as an indication of imperial bravery, based on legends concerning the birth of Alexander the Great,

508.

508a Lot of three (3) coins.

508b

508c

($100)

508a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.32 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P XIII / C VI P P and palm branch in exergue, lion walking left; bull’s head on ground by its front feet. MIR 36, 1622c; RIC V (sole reign) 602; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, minor roughness.

Bought from Seaby, 1986.

The titles in the reverse inscription date this coin to August AD 264 – August 265. Woods (forthcoming 2018, footnote 5) states that ‘rivalry between lion and bull was an ancient literary motif’, and gives examples from Homer’s Iliad.

150

508b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.47 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLARHS AVG (sic), stag standing right; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1626d; RIC V (sole reign) 656 var. (rev. legend); Cunetio 1912 var. (bust type). VF, some silvering, minor roughness.

Bought from Spink, 1988.

The substitution of H (the Greek letter eta) for E in the reverse legend is not a die-sinking error but an example of an occasional practice in Roman inscriptions. The exact significance of this reverse is not entirely clear. Göbl (MIR p. 130) merely refers back to the assertion by Alföldi (1967, p. 159) that the coin marked the staging of saeculares (anniversary celebrations involving games), but Weigel (1990, p. 140) states that ‘there is no need to suggest that [Gallienus] … staged Secular Games, because the timing of his reign was not close enough to make even a bogus claim for hosting such games’. Manders (2012, p. 300) quotes this and continues that the coin type alludes ‘… perhaps to a major religious festival which took place late in [Gallienus’s] reign’. Both authors seek a connection with the ‘animal series’ at Rome, but these coins were struck several years later than this issue at Antioch.

508c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.46 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIEN[V]S AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AETERNITAS AVG, she-wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1628c; RIC V (sole reign) 628 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

This association of AETERNITAS with the legend of the founding of Rome carries the message to the eastern provinces and the troops on the eastern frontier that the emperor will guarantee the longevity of the empire.

509. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.89 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / GENIV AVG (sic), Genius standing left, sacrificing out of patera over altar and holding cornucopiae.

MIR 36, 1630f (same dies as illustration); RIC V (sole reign) 638; Cunetio 1907 var. (bust type). VF, some silvering, minor deposits. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (the BM). ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 39 (18 September 1996), lot 1622.

The genius (guiding spirit) of the emperor is depicted as the guarantor of plenty through religious observance.

510a 510.

510b

Lot of three (3) coins.

510c ($100)

510a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.55 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear and shield; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1632b; RIC V (sole reign) 649 var. (bust type); Cunetio 1908 var. (same). VF, some silvering, minor roughness, flan chip.

Bought from Seaby, 1978.

510b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.04 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear and shield; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1632f; RIC V (sole reign) 649; Cunetio 1908 var. (bust type). VF, some silvering, roughness.

Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

510c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.23 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / MINERVA AVG, Minerva standing right, holding spear and resting left hand on shield; laurel branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1634c; RIC V (sole reign) 651; Cunetio –.

VF, some silvering, minor roughness.

Ex Sotheby’s (22 March 1990), lot 107 (part of).

151

511.

511a

511b

511c

Lot of three (3) coins.

($100)

511a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.46 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / PAX FVNDATA, trophy of arms between two seated captives; laurel branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1635a; RIC V (sole reign) 652; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, minor deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1997.

Geiger (2012, p. 224) suggests that this reverse type refers to the victories of Odaenathus of Palmyra against the Persians.

511b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.88 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, emperor standing right, holding globe and transverse spear; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1636d; RIC V (sole reign) 670; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

511c Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.09 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / CERERI AVG, Ceres seated left, holding corn-ears and sceptre/torch; palm branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1637e; RIC V (sole reign) 90; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, minor deposits.

Ex Marc Hariga (15 December 1990), lot 120.

512.

512a

Lot of three (3) coins.

512b

512c

($100)

512a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.01 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 11-12, AD 264-265.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PAX FNDATA (sic), trophy of arms between two seated captives; laurel branch in exergue. MIR 36, 1635c var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 652 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXIX (30 March 1994), lot 758.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

512b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.72 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / CONSERVTOR AVG (sic), Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff around which snake is coiled. MIR 36, 1649g var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 632 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, minor roughness.

Bought from Edouard Terseleer, Brussels, 1991.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

512c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.77 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERAVT (sic), Jupiter standing left, holding globe and sceptre; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1668i var. (rev. legend); RIC V (sole reign) 608 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, some silvering, rough.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 210.

A die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

152

513b

513a

513.

513d

513c Lot of five (5) coins.

513e

($100)

513a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.17 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P XV P P, Neptune standing left, right foot on prow of ship, holding trident; VIIC· in exergue. MIR 36, 1638a; RIC V (sole reign) 603; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

The inclusion of TR P XV in the reverse legend indicates that this coin can not have been struck before August AD 266.

513b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.72 g, 11h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor; VIIC in exergue. MIR 36, 1642a var. (no pellet after VIIC); RIC V (sole reign) 616 var. (bust type); Cunetio –. VF, nice silvering.

Bought from Spink, 1992.

513c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.92 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / MINERVA AVG, Minerva standing left, resting right hand on shield and holding vertical spear; VIIC· in exergue. MIR 36, 1643b; RIC V (sole reign) 617 corr. (pellet after VIIC); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, roughness and earthen deposits.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Reportedly ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]).

513d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.21 g, 11h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, Hercules standing facing, head left, holding club and apple; VIIC· in exergue. MIR 36, 1647b; RIC V (sole reign) 623 corr. (pellet after VIIC); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

513e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.50 g, 11h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, Mars standing right, holding vertical spear and shield; VIIC· in exergue. MIR 36, 1666b; RIC V (sole reign) 669 var. (mint-mark); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, roughness and green.

514.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 288.

Lot of four (4) coins.

514a

514b

514c

514d

($100)

514a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.81 g, 10h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding globe and sceptre. MIR 36, 1650g; RIC V (sole reign) 641; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness.

Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.2 (March 1989), no. 976.

153

514b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.38 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVIDENTIA AVG, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus. MIR 36, 1651f; RIC V (sole reign) 653 var. (no mint-mark in exergue); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness, pit on reverse.

Bought from Spink, 1992.

514c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.78 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES LEG, emperor standing left, holding standard in each hand. MIR 36, 1657f; RIC V (sole reign) 635; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

514d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.46 g, 12h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head left / LVNA LVCIFERA, Luna / Diana walking right, holding torch in both hands.

MIR 36, 1664e; RIC V (sole reign) 646; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness, some green.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

515a

515.

515c

Lot of five (5) coins.

515b

515d

515e

($100)

515a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.88 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SOLI INVICTO, Sol standing facing, head left, right hand raised, left holding globe; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1663k; RIC V (sole reign) 611; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 252.

515b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.98 g, 6h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / LVNA LVCIF, Luna / Diana walking right, holding torch in both hands; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1665k; RIC V (sole reign) 609; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness.

Bought from Marc Hariga, Brussels, 1991.

515c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.91 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / FIDES AVG, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceua; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1667k; RIC V (sole reign) 607; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, minor roughness.

Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.1 (February 1989), no. 79.

515d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.45 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266-267.

GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVAT, Jupiter standing left, holding globe and sceptre; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1668i; RIC V (sole reign) 608; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content.

Bought from Spink, 1990.

515e Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.92 g, 5h). Antioch mint. Issues 13-17, AD 266267. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VENVS AVG, Venus standing left, holding helmet and transverse spear and resting left arm on shield; PXV in exergue. MIR 36, 1671l; RIC V (sole reign) 86; Cunetio –. VF, silvering, some green.

Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 315.

154

Mint of Samosata The city of Samosata stood on the west bank of the River Euphrates, in the south-east of Turkey, close to the modern town of Samsat. The mint which was placed there by Göbl in MIR is that which was described simply as ‘Second Eastern Mint’ in publications such as the Cunetio hoard report. Coin production there seems to have commenced around the beginning of AD 255 (MIR p. 134), and to have continued for the various members of the imperial family until fairly late in AD 260, after which coins were struck there for the usurpers Macrianus II and Quietus (see below).

516. Gallienus. AD 253-268. AV Binio (24mm, 5.34 g, 5h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AETERNITAS AVGG, Sol or emperor, radiate, walking right, right hand raised, left holding globe. MIR 36, 1675h; RIC V (joint reign) 69 var. (bust type; Rome); Calicó 3467 var. (same).

Good VF, underlying luster. Numerous peck, surface and edge marks. ($1000) Ex Spink 132 (25 May 1999), lot 318.

RIC describes the figure on the reverse as the emperor, whereas MIR names him as Sol, but with ‘K[aiser] ?’ in brackets afterwards (Tabelle 50). It is impossible to be certain whether it is the god himself or Gallienus in the guise of Sol, but the former seems more likely, As suggested in the introductory chapter on The cult of Sol, many Romans would have regarded it as unacceptable for an emperor to portray himself as a god during his lifetime.

517.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. AV Aureus (19.5mm, 3.37 g, 6h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE / AVGG in exergue, Victory in biga to right.

MIR 36, 1680c; RIC V 276 corr. (bust; Antioch); Calicó 3449 corr. (bust) and 3449a. Near VF, a few pits, flan a bit wavy. small scratch on face. Probably ex jewelry. ($2000) Ex Spink 87 (9 October 1991), lot 137.

RIC lists “laureate and draped” bust for this issue, but as evident from the published examples, the cuirass’s epaulettes are very indistinct on many examples, but die links to better preserved examples proves that all the busts are cuirassed.

518.

Lot of four (4) coins.

518a

518b

518c

518d

($100)

518a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.00 g, 6h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVT ORIENTIS, Oriens, turreted, standing right, presenting wreath to emperor, standing left, holding sceptre. MIR 36, 1677m; RIC V (joint reign) 448; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

155

518b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.30 g, 12h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, two emperors standing face to face, one holding vertical spear and globe, the other Victory and transverse spear. MIR 36, 1681e; RIC V 292 (Antioch); Cunetio 845. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Bought from Seaby, 1988. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 834 (October 1988), no. C568.

518c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.80 g, 7h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust left / VIRTVS AVGG, two emperors standing face to face, one holding vertical spear and globe, the other Victory and transverse spear. MIR 36, 1681n; RIC V (joint reign) 455; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, weakly struck in parts.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

518d Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 3.88 g, 6h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255-256. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VOTA ORBIS, two Victories affixing shield, inscribed S C, to palm tree. MIR 36, 1682e; RIC V 294 (Antioch); Cunetio 847. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1983.

This rather puzzling reverse does not seem to be satisfactorily explained in any of the standard reference works. Usually vota (vows) are made to the gods by an emperor at the commencement of his reign, fulfilled after a set period (normally ten years, but occasionally five) and renewed for a further period. Vota legends on coins are normally accompanied by scenes of sacrifice or simply inscribed in lines across the field. Here we have an issue struck only about two years after the commencement of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus and accompanied by a scene more appropriate to a Victoria inscription – two winged Victories fixing a shield to a palm tree. The legend VOTA ORBIS (vows of the world) is also hard to explain.The letters S C (senatus consulto) inscribed on the shield are those normally found on bronze coins and which hark back to the traditional arrangement whereby the emperors were responsible for the issue of gold and silver coins and the Senate for those in base metal. In the absence of published guidance I am assuming that these coins mark some success in Rome’s wars against the Persians and a sacrifice to the gods which was made in gratitude for this. The relevance of the S C remains obscure.

519. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.63 g, 6h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, emperor standing right, holding short sceptre, receiving globe from Jupiter, standing left, holding long sceptre; wreath in upper field. MIR1697Ab; RIC V (joint reign) 440; Cunetio 1874. Good VF, iridescent tone, reasonably good silver quality. Extremely rare, only one piece noted

by MIR (in the KHM, Vienna). ($100) Bought from Spink, 1980.

520.

Lot of four (4) coins.

520a

520b

520c

520d

($100)

520a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.30 g, 12h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; pellet below rear drapery / ORIENS AVG, emperor, standing left, holding spear, receiving wreath from Sol, standing right; wreath in upper field. MIR 36, 1698b; RIC V (joint reign) 445; Cunetio 1875. VF, some silvering, a few deposits.

Ex Marc Hariga (16 December 1989), lot 86.

156

520b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.59 g, 11h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVT ORIENTIS, Oriens standing right, presenting wreath to emperor, standing right, holding sceptre; pellet within wreath in upper field. MIR 36, 1700l; RIC V 287 (Antioch); Cunetio 868. VF, some silvering, nice surfaces for issue.

Ex Glendining’s (18 October 1990), lot 308 (part of).

520c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.96 g, 1h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, presenting Victory to emperor, standing right; wreath in upper field. MIR 36, 1701b; RIC V (joint reign) 449; Cunetio 1876. Near EF, nice silvering, minor roughness.

Ex Marc Hariga (9 June 1990), lot 99.

520d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.44 g, 7h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC GALLIHNVS P F AVG (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, two emperors standing face to face, one holding vertical spear and globe, the other Victory and transverse spear; * in upper field. MIR 36, 1703r; RIC V (joint reign) 456; Cunetio 875. VF, some silvering, light porosity.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 310.

This appears to be another example of the occasional substitution of H (the Greek eta) for E in the obverse legend.

521. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.38 g, 7h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, emperor standing left, holding spear, receiving wreath from Victory, standing right, holding palm branch, wreath in upper field; pellet in exergue. MIR 36, 1702b var. (pellet in exergue); RIC V (joint reign) 450 var. (wreath and pellet on rev.); Cunetio 1877 and note on p. 170. VF, some silvering, worn through on highest points. ($75) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1984.

RIC records coins of this type with either the wreath in the upper field or the pellet in the exergue, but not both. Cunetio note 1877 records that one coin in the hoard had both (illustrated on Plate 21). MIR has a note below Tabelle 51 – Fūr Punktsetzungen Av und Rv siehe die Kommentare (for placing of pellets on the obverse and reverse see the Commentary) - but a careful reading of the section on the Samosata mint (pp. 132-5) has failed to find any mention of this particular variant.

522a

522.

522c Lot of five (5) coins.

522b

522d

522e

($100)

522a Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.00 g, 11h). Samosata mint. Issue 1, AD 255256. CORN SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VESTA AETERNA, Vesta standing left, holding palladium and sceptre. MIR 36, 1683p; RIC V (joint reign) 71; Cunetio –. VF, some roughness.

Ex Van der Dussen 23 (6 April 1995), lot 1478.

522b Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.37 g, 1h). Samosata mint. Issue 3, AD 260.

SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, presenting Victory to emperor, standing right. MIR 36, 1701i; RIC V (joint reign) 67; Cunetio 856. Good VF, choice even gray surfaces.

Bought from Spink, 1991.

157

522c Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.43 g, 6h). Samosata mint. Issue 1-2, AD 256258. VALERIANVS NOBIL CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, legionary eagle between two standards. MIR 36, 1692b; RIC V 46 (Antioch); Cunetio –. VF, deeply toned, some porosity.

Bought from Spink, 1980.

522d Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.60 g, 11h). Samosata mint. Issue 1-2, AD 256-258. VALERIANVS NOBIL CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PRINC IVVENTVTIS, prince standing left, holding spear and shield and crowning trophy of arms. MIR 36, 1694b; RIC V 49 (Antioch); Cunetio 857. VF, good quality silver for issue.

Ex G. Hirsch 177 (10 February 1993), lot 1257.

522e Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.16 g, 12h). Samosata mint. Issue 2, AD 258-260. SALON VALERIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SPES PVBLICA, prince standing right, holding spear, receiving flower from Spes, standing left. MIR 36, 1696d; RIC V 36 (Antioch); Cunetio 858. Near EF, good silver content, toned, a few small deposits.

Bought from Seaby, 1989. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 842 (July/August 1989), no. C433.

Uncertain Mints Unique Reverse For Salonina

523. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.68 g, 11h). Uncertain mint. SA[LONIN]A AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / AETERN[ITAS], Aeternitas standing left, leaning on column, holding phoenix on globe and transverse sceptre. MIR 36, –; RIC V –; Cunetio –; I. Carradice, “The Market Deeping, Lincs., hoard” in Coin Hoards in Roman Britiain IV (1984), pp. 46 and 62, no. 2. VF, some silver content, porosity. Very rare. ($200) Ex Glendining’s (30 September 1998), lot 139 (part of); Deeping St. James (Market Deeping), Lincolnshire, Hoard (1980) [IRBCH 699].

This reverse type seems to be paralleled in the entire Roman imperial coinage only on coins of the deified Faustina II, wife of Marcus Aurelius (denarius RIC 740, BMC 709-710 and Plate 67, 18; sestertii RIC 1693). The design is sufficiently close to that on the Faustina coins to indicate that it must have been deliberately copied from a surviving specimen nearly a century later. Sylistically this coin appears to be attributable to either Rome or Siscia, and it was probably minted in the mid to late 260s AD. Since it is clear that Salonina was still alive at this time, it is strange that a posthumous type for an earlier empress was re-used, but the message is clear enough – the eternal Roman empire will arise, phoenix-like, from its current crises under the protection of the imperial family.

Unpublished Dynastic Medallion

524.

Gallienus, with Salonina and Valerian II. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (34mm, 13.52 g, 1h). Uncertain mint. Struck AD 256-258. CONCORDIA AVG[VSTORVM], laureate bust of Gallienus to right, facing diademed bust of Salonina to left / [SPES] PVBLICA, draped bust of Valerian II to right, head bare. MIR 36, –; Gnecchi –. Fine, green patina, areas of roughness, pitting and smoothing. Apparently unique. ($1000) Ex Rauch 95 (30 September 2014), lot 591.

This was described in the auction catalogue as an issue of the Viminacium mint, the reverse legend and bust being the same as those on the obverse of MIR 866, which has been attributed to Viminacium. However, I suggested previously (Holmes 2005) that MIR 866 seemed more likely to have been minted in Rome, and the combination of its obverse type on this newly discovered piece with a previously recorded obverse of Rome (e.g. MIR 330b) appears to confirm this. Since this catalogue is arranged according to MIR, however, 1181 is listed above under Viminacium. The mint attributions of all these medallions remain uncertain, however (see Holmes 2017a).

158

Trial Strikings The following six lots all appear, for various reasons, to be the result of experimental strikings rather than coins intended for circulation.

525

526

525.

Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.65 g, 6h). Overstruck on denarius of Severus Alexander. [IMP C P LIC VAL]ERIANVS AV[G], radiate bust right / [IOVI CONSE]RVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre.

MIR 36, 25d; RIC V 92. VF, good silver content. Underlying brilliance. ($150) Ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 1 (25 June 2017), lot 1187.

This coin has been overstruck on a denarius of Severus Alexander (RIC 254), with visible legends …….ALEXANDER PIVS AVG / SPES PVB …. The auction catalogue offers the explanation that: ‘The Rome mint must have started issuing coins for the new emperor Valerian I in great haste after the murder of Aemilian in 253: this explains why some old coins, like our example, were not properly melted down but overstruck with little care using the newly produced Valerian dies.’ It seems to me more probable that this is a trial striking, not intended for circulation.

526. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Trial striking from antoninianus dies (24mm, 5.64 g, 11h). GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / P[A]X AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. As MIR 36, 351a; as RIC V (sole reign) 256 var. (officina marked). VF, dark green brown surfaces. ($150) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 37 (1 November 2015), lot 702.

This item was sold at auction as an ordinary antoninianus, but this is clearly not the case. The ragged and irregular nature of the flan, the weight (almost double the normal), and the severely off-centre striking of the reverse all indicate that this was a trial striking from new dies.

The question remains of whether this took place at the mint in Rome as part of official mint activity or whether it represents the work of counterfeiters. The die-cutting shows the normal level of skill to be found at this period, and there is nothing to suggest that the dies were not prepared at the mint. The possibility remains, however, that they fell illegally into the hands of those who wished to use them to mint counterfeit coins.

527 528 527. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Trial striking from antoninianus dies (27mm, 8.63 g, 11h). GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / MARTI PACIFERO, Mars standing left, holding spear and olive branch, resting left hand on shield. As MIR 36, 569a; as RIC V (sole reign) 236. VF, gray green surfaces, minor roughness. ($200) Ex Ars Antiqua II (4 October 2001), lot 470.

Again the very large and heavy flan demonstrate that this is not a normal antoninianus striking, and again there is nothing to indicate that the dies were not cut officially at the mint in Rome, but again it is impossible to establish whether this trial striking was also carried out officially or by counterfeiters who had gained access to the dies. There is evidence of slight mis-striking on the reverse, but this is not unknown on officially struck coins of this period.

528. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 7.76 g, 1h). Piedfort or trial striking(?). Rome mint, 4th officia. 9th issue, AD 265+. SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / FECVNDITAS AVG, Fecunditas standing left, holding cornucopiae and extending hand to child; Δ in right field. MIR 36, 580aa; RIC V (sole reign) 5; Cunetio 1318. VF, porous, with green depositts, some silver content. Flan is 2 mm thick. ($150) Bought from David Miller 2003.

This coin is approximately double the normal weight. Such a wide variation seems unlikely to have been accidental, and the coin may have been some sort of presentation piece, or perhaps a trial striking from new dies.

159

529. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Trial striking from unofficial antoninianus dies (25mm, 14.31 g, 5h). GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / F[E]L[I]CITAS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding uncertain attributes. Near VF, gray brown surfaces with some deposits. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2000. Ex Jacquier FPL 25 (Autumn 2000), no. 560.

In contrast to the three previous pieces, this is clearly a trial striking from a counterfeiting workshop. The die-cutting is comparatively crude, with the figure of Felicitas holding items of rough and indeterminate form. The obverse copies sole reign originals, and the style resembles that of the Siscia mint, but the reverse legend (AVGG) belongs to the joint reign with Valerian I.

Ancient Forgeries

530. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ trial striking from dupondius dies? (21mm, 4.86 g, 7h). GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / PAX AVG, Pax standing facing, head left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre; S C across field. Good VF, waxed black brown surfaces. Some smoothing in the fields. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 2008.

This is a very strange piece indeed. Normally a bronze coin with radiate portrait on the obverse and S C across the reverse field would be identifiable as a dupondius – a denomination apparently very rarely struck at this period anyway – but this is so far removed from any known dupondius that its origins must be highly questionable. First, it has been struck on a very small, irregular, angular flan. Second, the imperial portrait consists only of head and neck, whereas all known dupondii have busts which extend to the shoulders. Third, the style is much cruder than found on official bronze issues from the Rome mint. The coin could be seen as an attempt to copy dupondii of type MIR 439k, which have the same reverse legend and type, but these also have legend IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG. The style of the head, insofar as can be determined, most closely resembles that found on antoniniani of the Siscia mint, and the coin is said to have been found in south-eastern Europe, which may be significant (Siscia being in modern Croatia). That mint is not known to have struck any bronze coins of course, but medallions with reverse PAX AVG (Pax seated) were attributed to it by Göbl (MIR 1412 nn and 1412oo). It is possible, therefore, to envisage a proposal for bronze coins to be struck there, although for what purpose is open to conjecture, with dies being prepared and tested, but in the event never used to strike coins.

160

531.

531a

Lot of three (3) coins.

531b

531c

($100)

531a Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.45 g, 11h). Contemporary forgery. IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLLO SALVTARIS, Apollo standing left, holding laurel branch and lyre. Cf. MIR 36, 91c, RIC V 76, with legend APOLL SALVTARI. Fine, pitting and porosity.

Bought from Tyll Kroha, Kölner Münzkabinett, 1981.

The style of the portrait is somewhat unusual, and the coin is of light weight and very base metal, suggesting that it is not an official striking, although the dies are of reasonably skilful workmanship. The unabbreviated version of this reverse legend is not known at this period or during previous reigns.

531b Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.93 g, 5h). Contemporary cast and plated forgery.

VALERIANVS · P · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm. Fine, some silver content, pitting deposits and porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1988.

This coin is a cast base metal forgery with a thin silver wash, part of which has been lost through surface corrosion. The obverse mould has been made from a coin of Cologne, but the reverse is from a coin of Rome.

531c Valerian I. AD 253-260. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.00 g, 12h). Contemporary struck forgery.

IΛΛVIPVALEPIANVSCAVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVGG, Salus standing right, feeding snake held in her right hand. As MIR 36, 825c, RIC V 253, of Viminacium. VF, some silver content.

Bought from CGB, Paris, 2012. Ex CGB Rome 32 (2012), no. 283573.

An unusual counterfeit of a Viminacium mint antoninianus.

532a

532.

532b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

532a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.93 g, 11h). Contemporary cast forgery. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLARES AVGG, goat walking left; III in exergue. VF, good silver content, deposits on reverse.

Bought from David Miller 2001. Reported to have come from a Bulgarian hoard.

This coin has been cast from an obverse mould taken from a coin of Rome mint issue 1 and a reverse taken from a coin of Philip II (RIC 224).

532b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.12 g, 12h). Contemporary struck forgery. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IVNO MARTIALIS, Juno seated left, holding cornears(?) and sceptre; four pellets in exergue. VF, good silver content, porosity.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

The reverse of this coin belongs to an Antioch issue coin of Trebonianus Gallus (RIC 83 and note). However, the coin appears struck, rather than cast, so dies must have been cut for both sides. The style of the obverse is certainly unofficial.

161

533a

533.

533d Lot of six (6) coins.

533b

533c

533e

533f

($100)

533a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.44 g, 12h). Contemporary cast forgery. IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVA, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre. As MIR 36, 24v; as RIC V (joint reign) 143; I. A. Carradice, “The Market Deeping, Lincs., hoard” in Coin Hoards in Roman Britiain IV (1984), p. 60 and p. 62, plate A. Near VF, porous gray brown surfaces.

Ex Glendining’s (30 September 1998), lot 139 (part of); Deeping St. James (Market Deeping), Lincolnshire, Hoard (1980) [IRBCH 699].

The fabric appears by both sight and sound to contain a substantial proportion of lead.

533b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.77 g, 5h). Contemporary struck forgery. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. As MIR 36, 351e; as RIC V (sole reign) 256 var. (officina marked). VF, brown surfaces.

Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1996.

Stylistically this is clearly an unofficial striking.on a very debased metal flan.

533c Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.51 g, 7.5h). Contemporary struck forgery. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / CIW[...]CIXIIIAVG, figure standing left, holding long vertical sceptre? and cornucopiae (probably intended to be Felicitas with long caduceus and cornucopiae). VF, excellent silver quality.

Ex Elsen 70 (15 June 2002), lot 611.

A very crudely executed piece, but curiously with a fully literate obverse legend and a completely garbled reverse one.

533d Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (18mm, 3.18 g, 9h). Contemporary struck forgery. IMP G GALLENIVS (sic), radiate head right / [...]AII, Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. Good VF, glossy brown surfaces. Barbarous.

Ex I. Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 1177.

533e Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 7.74 g, 1h). Contemporary struck forgery. [GA]LLIENVS AV[G], radiate head right / VIRTVS AVGV?, helmeted figure standing left, holding uncertain attribute and resting left hand on shield. VF, green patina. Struck on a very thick flan measuring 3 mm.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 45 (18 March 1998), lot 2286.

533f Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.22 g, 7h). Contemporary struck forgery.

SALONINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / VICT[ORI]A GERM, Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm; captive at her feet. MIR 36, Tafel 138, Zf 119 (same dies). Fine, brown surfaces.

Ex Davissons FPL (1995, no. 1), no 240.

The reverse imitates a type proper to Gallienus, but with Victory to right instead of left.

162

534a 534.

534b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

534a Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (17.5mm, 3.07 g, 1h). Contemporary struck forgery. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / MONETA AVG, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 36, Tafel 136, Zf 78; Cunetio 2792. VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Berk BBS 122 (6 September 2001), lot 368.

An obverse of Gallienus is combined with a reverse of Postumus (AGK 45).

534b Gallienus. AD 253-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 1.80 g, 6h). Contemporary struck forgery. GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right / CONCORD EQVI[T?], Concordia standing left on prow, holding patera and rudder. Fine, rough brown surfaces.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1997. Ex Jacquier FPL 20 (Autumn 1997), no. 619.

An obverse of Gallienus is combined with a reverse type of Postumus from the mint of Milan (AGK 5).

535

536

535. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 2.88 g, 11h). Contemporary forgery, hybrid with reverse of Postumus. SALON VALERIANVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right / HERC PACIFERO, Hercules standing left, holding olive branch, club and lion-skin. Reverse of Postumus, AGK 27, RIC V 67. VF, brown surfaces, some tan and green earthen deposits. ($100) Ex Berk BBS 114 (23 May 2000), lot 433.

The Harlan Berk catalogue note described this coin as ‘probably a counterfeit produced from official dies by unscrupulous mint workers under Postumus, using a current reverse die of Postumus but an obverse die of Saloninus as Caesar before Postumus’[s] revolt’. While not discounting this hypothesis out of hand, it does seem very improbable. The reverse type was not introduced to Postumus’s coinage until AD 262, according to AGK, and we would have to assume therefore that an old die of Saloninus Caesar was still lying around at least a year and a half after his capture and murder. Even if this were the case, it would have been an extremely risky, and rather pointless, exercise for any mint worker to have struck coins in the name of Postumus’s defeated enemy after so long an interval. This coin is in extremely base metal, and I consider it more likely that it is a cast from skilfully produced moulds taken from coins of the two successive emperors, and that the coin is the work of a counterfeiter’s workshop.

536. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.62 g, 7h). Contemporary forgery, hybrid with reverse of Postumus. IMP SALON V[ALERI]ANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right / FIDES MI[LITVM], Fides standing facing, head left, holding two standards. Reverse of Postumus, AGK 21, RIC V 59. Near Fine, even gray brown surfaces, a few minor deposits. ($50) Ex Jacquier 40 (16 October 2015), lot 345.

Like the previous lot, this coin is in extremely base metal, and it has every appearance of being a cast, with a soft, ‘soapy’ feel to the surfaces.

The reverse type belongs to an early issue of Postumus, dated in AGK to AD 260-1. Its combination with an obverse of Saloninus as Augustus, dating from the summer of 260, is not surprising, therefore. It is a far less convincing forgery than the previous lot, and is probably from a different counterfeiting workshop.

163

Part 2: Macrianus II and Quietus The location and even the number of mints from which coins of these two short-lived emperors were issued have been a matter for discussion for very many years. Mattingly and Sydenham, in RIC V part 2, published originally in 1933, attributed all the coins to the mint of Antioch, but Mattingly (1954) concluded that there had also been a second mint (possibly Emesa), on the grounds that some of the antoniniani are stylistically different from, and much cruder than, the majority. In more recent studies, such as the Cunetio hoard publication, the coins were attributed to the so-called ‘second Eastern mint’. Göbl, in MIR 44, identified the mint as Samosata, but distinguished the two styles by labelling the cruder issues as ‘An3’ in Tabelle 52. In this catalogue I have followed MIR 44, but to clarify the distinction between the two styles I have described each antoninianus as being of ‘normal’ or ‘cruder’ style.

537. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.64 g, 6h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / AEQVTAS AVGG (sic), Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 44, 1727b; RIC V 5; Cunetio 1917. VF, some silver content, a little porosity. ($150) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 254; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

538. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.06 g, 5h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVTAS AVGG (sic), Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. MIR 44, 1727f; RIC V 2; Cunetio –. Good VF, attractive iridescent tone, nice surfaces. ($200) Bought from Seaby, 1978.

539 540 539. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Æ As (28mm, 10.57 g, 5h). Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVTAS AVGG (sic), Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae.

MIR 44, 1727h; RIC V 13. Fine, green brown surfaces, with several spots of lighter green and brown. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (in a private collection). ($200) Bought in Ljubliana, Slovenia, 2 October 1995.

A handful of these have been sold over the years. One of this fabric appeared in CNG 63, lot 1514 in 2003.

540. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.89 g, 11h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding branch and resting lyre on rock; star in upper left field. MIR 44, 1728k; RIC V 6; Cunetio –. Near EF, toned, some silvering and a little porosity. ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1997.

164

541 542 543 541.

Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.34 g, 12h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLINI CONSERVA, Apollo standing left, holding branch and resting lyre on rock; star in upper left field. MIR 44, 1728n; RIC V 3; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering and porosity. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1995.

542.

Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.48 g, 6h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FORT REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; star in upper left field; pellet in exergue. MIR 44, 1731n; RIC V 4 var. (no pellet in exergue); Cunetio 1922. Good VF, some silvering.

Great surfaces for issue. Extremely rare, only one piece noted by MIR (ex Ars Classica XVII, lot 1766). ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

543. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.81 g, 11h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / INDVLGENTIAE AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding patera and sceptre. MIR 44, 1732f; RIC V 5; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering with minor prosity and traces of green. ($150) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 260; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

545 544 546 544.

Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.59 g, 11h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / INDVLGENTIAE AVG, Indulgentia seated left, holding patera and sceptre; star in upper left field. MIR 44, 1732k; RIC V 8; Cunetio 1923. Good VF, some silvering. A few flan flaws. ($150) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 255; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

545.

Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.69 g, 11h). Cruder style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / [IOVI C]ONSERVATORI, Jupiter seated left, holding patera and long vertical sceptre; [eagle at his feet]. MIR 44, 1735c; as RIC V 9; Cunetio –. VF, gray green surfaces, cleaning marks. ($75) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1994.

546. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.46 g, 6h). Cruder style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter seated left, holding patera and long vertical sceptre; eagle at his feet. MIR 44, 1735g; as RIC V 6; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering. Some weakness of strike and traces of deposits. ($150) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1990.

547 548 547. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.25 g, 11h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter seated left, holding patera and long vertical sceptre; eagle at his feet; star in upper left field. MIR 44, 1735k; as RIC V 9; Cunetio –. VF, some silvering. Great surfaces for issue. ($200) Bought from Galata 1989. Ex catalogue October 1989, no. 173.

548. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.65 g, 6h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter seated left, holding patera and long vertical sceptre; eagle at his feet; star in upper left field. MIR 44, 1735n; RIC V 6; Cunetio –. Good VF, some silver content. Nice metal and surfaces for issue. ($200) Ex Glendining’s (1 June 1989), lot 170.

165

551 549 550 549. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.50 g, 5h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / MARTI PROPVGNATORI, Mars walking right, holding spear and shield; star in lower right field. MIR 44, 1737k corr. (position of star); RIC V 10 corr. (same); Cunetio –. VF, low silver content, porosity. ($100) Ex Burgan 37 (30 September 1994), lot 642.

Mattingly (1954) makes it clear that the star is always in the right field on this reverse type.

550. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (21.5mm, 4.36 g, 11h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and spear. MIR 44, 1738b; RIC V 11; Cunetio 1919. Good VF, some silver content, a little porosity. ($150) Ex Glendining’s (7 March 1990), lot 818 (part of).

551. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.58 g, 1h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNA (sic), Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and spear. MIR 44, 1738f var. (rev. legend); RIC V 9 var. (same); Cunetio –. Good VF, some silver content. Excellent surfaces for issue. ($200) Bought from Galata 1990. Ex catalogue autumn 1990, no. 109.

An example of a die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

552

553

552.

Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.58 g, 1h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERMAE (sic), Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and spear. MIR 44, 1738f var. (rev. legend); RIC V 9 var. (same); Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, porosity. ($150) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 261; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

An example of a die-sinker’s error in the reverse legend.

553.

Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.91 g, 12h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SOL INVICTO, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe. MIR 44, 1741b; RIC V 12; Cunetio –. Good VF, some silver content, porosity. Well struck for issue. ($200) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1990.

554 555 554. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.04 g, 1h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SOL INVICTO, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe; star in left field. MIR 44, 1741k; RIC V 12; Cunetio 1924. VF, some silver content, porosity, traces of green. ($150) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 257; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

555.

Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (23mm, 3.24 g, 6h). Normal style. Samosata mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SOL INVICTO, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe; star in left field. MIR 44, 1741n; RIC V 10; Cunetio –. VF, attractive even gray, low silver content. ($150) Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.4 (May 1989), no. 2415.

166

556. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.87 g, 12h). Cruder style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SOL INVICTO, Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe; two pellets in exergue. MIR 44, 1742g; RIC V 10; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, porous, flan crack, some green. ($100) Bought from Alex G. Malloy, 1992. Ex The Antioch Hoard of Gallienus (Malloy FPL [ND, c. 1992]), no. 317.

557. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.81 g, 5h). Cruder style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / SOL IN[VICTO], Sol standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding globe; crescent in left field, [star in right]; two pellets in exergue. MIR 44, – [1742p]; RIC V 12 var. (pellets in exergue); Cunetio –. Near VF, dark gray brown, areas of weak strike. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

558. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.36 g, 5h). Normal style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising fold of robe; star in left field. MIR 44, 1743n; RIC V 11; Cunetio –. VF, silvering, some porosity. ($200) Ex Spink 94 (14 October 1992), lot 262; ‘Gibraltar’ (Jimena de la Frontera) Hoard (1962) [NC 1962, pp. 335–406].

559. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Antoninianus (23mm, 4.70 g, 5h). Cruder style. Uncertain mint. IMP C FVL MACRIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGG, Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm branch. MIR 44, – [1745c]; RIC V –; Cunetio –. Near VF, black surfaces, some encrustation, traces of silver content. ($100) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1991.

167

Part 3: Postumus The location of the mint at which the majority of the antoniniani of the first of the Gallic emperors were struck has been the subject of debate for many years. In RIC volume V, part 2, first published in 1933, it was identified as Lugdunum (Lyon), in southern France, but this has not been regarded as acceptable more recently. It seems likely that Postumus took over the Gallic mint which had been striking coins for members of the Valerianic dynasty after the defeat and execution of Saloninus, but it is also possible that mint personnel were despatched elsewhere.

(This matter was discussed by Besly and Bland in the Cunetio hoard report, at pp. 57-58, and in the catalogue of coins they headed the list of Postumus’s coins simply ‘Principal Mint(s)’. Both Cologne and Trier were there regarded as possibilities.) The most recently published work on the antoniniani of Postumus and his successors is that by Schulzki (1996), hereafter referred to as AGK. Schulzki in turn discussed the possible location of Postumus’s mints (pp. 22-26) and, while affirming that the matter has still not been satisfactorily resolved, professed a personal preference for Trier as the source of most of the coins, with Cologne issuing just a few types, including those with unmistakeable abbreviations of the mint name in the reverse legend or across the field. Despite this he refers to Cologne only as ‘Mūnzstätte II’, with the majority of the coins struck at ‘Mūnzstätte I’.

In addition there are the antoniniani issued in Postumus’s name at Milan by the general Aureolus. The latter had been entrusted by Gallienus with the defence of Italy from attack from Gaul, but he subsequently rebelled and allied himself with Postumus. Gallienus himself was murdered by, or at the instigation of, a group of his own officers while his forces laid siege to Aureolus in Milan. The reverse legends of the coins struck there refer almost exclusively to the Equites and the various virtues ascribed to them. This term should be seen in this context as referring not to the so-called ‘Equestrian Order’ in Rome but to the rapid cavalry forces which Gallienus had established for frontier defence, and which Aureolus then commanded.

Somewhat bizarrely the catalogue of coins in AGK lists them simply in alphabetical order of reverse legends, entirely regardless of mint or date of issue. The catalogue of coins in this collection will order them firstly by mint (I, II and Milan), then by AGK Group (Gruppe) number and date of issue for each Group (see pp. 39-41) and finally by AGK number within each Group. RIC and Cunetio hoard numbers are also provided where applicable. AGK also provides a scale of rarity for each type, the grades being as follows: r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 s c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6

unique 2-7 examples known 8-15 examples known 16-25 examples known 26-40 examples known 41-100 examples known 101-200 examples known 201-500 examples known 501-1000 examples known 1001-2000 examples known 2001-5000 examples known over 5000 examples known

These figures presumably refer only to the number of coins located by Schulzki in the course of research for his book, but they may be regarded nonetheless as a fairly reliable guide to the comparative rarity of particular types, so they are included in all the entries in this catalogue.

Preceding the antoniniani in this catalogue are four coins of types often referred to as denarii and quinarii, but which are best explained as offstrikes from dies intended for striking gold coins. References are primarily to Schulte (1983), therefore.

The standard reference work for the bronze coinages of Postumus is still that by Bastien (1967). Where applicable, each catalogue entry will include a Bastien number as well as one for RIC and for Banti (1987). The dating of the various consulates and Tribunician powers are taken from AGK, however, as the most recent publication on the reign.

560. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Denarius (19.5mm, 2.99 g, 12h). Offstrike from aureus dies.

Uncertain mint. POSTVMVS PIVS [FELIX AVG], jugate, laureate busts of Postumus and Hercules right / HERCVLI INVICTO, Hercules standing left, holding club and lion-skin, right foot on the body of an Amazon, whose belt he is removing.

Sondermann 11a.7 (this coin; early AD 268); Cf. Schulte (1983) 143 (aureus, same dies; beginning of AD 268); RIC V 348.

VF, rough surfaces, traces of silver and gilding. Has been pierced in antiquity with a square nail, traces of an attempted second puncture. Excessively rare. ($300) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1997. Ex Harlan J. Berk BBS 94 (16 January 1997), lot 530.

This reverse type refers to the ninth of the twelve Labours of Hercules, in which he was required to acquire from Hippolyte, Queen of the Amazons, a girdle which had been given to her by Ares, the god of war.

168

Offstrike from Aureus Dies

561.

Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Denarius (19.5mm, 2.52 g, 7h). Offstrike from aureus dies. Uncertain mint. POSTVMVS PIVS AVG, jugate, laureate busts of Postumus and Hercules right / P M TR P X COS V P P, half-length bust of Victory right, inscribing VO/XX on shield. Sondermann 12.3 (this coin; January AD 269); cf. Schulte (1983) 163 (aureus; same dies; January AD 269); RIC V 334 (AD 268). VF, green patina, some roughness. Extremely rare. ($2000) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 60 (22 May 2002), lot 1841 (there described as ‘second known specimen’).

562. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Denarius (20mm, 2.93 g, 7h). Offstrike from aureus dies.

Uncertain mint. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG COS III, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing facing, head left, leaning on column and holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at her feet. Sondermann 6a.9–11 (Autumn AD 263); RIC V 96; RSC 304. VF, some porosity and a few deposits. Very rare. ($2000) Ex Heidelberger Mūnzhandlung 59 (15 May 2012), lot 326.

This enigmatic silver coin is one of a handful known with this obverse legend, all of which are paired with reverse dies of the present type.

One of these Providentia denarii is known to have been struck from a published aureus die: UBS 5 (16 October 1979), lot 499 (= Sondermann 6a.9) was struck from the same reverse die as aurei of Schulte 42. This suggests that there were aurei struck with this interesting obverse legend, though none are known of today.

563.

Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Quinarius (14mm, 1.20 g, 7h). Offstrike from gold quinarius dies.

Uncertain mint. POSTVMVS AVG, jugate, laureate busts of Postumus and Hercules right / SALVS AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff round which snake is coiled. Sondermann Q.7 (same dies); cf. Schulte (1983) Q11 (gold quinarius; same dies; December AD 265); RIC V 363. Near VF, rough and porous surfaces, flan crack. Very rare. ($500) Ex Negrini 3 (14 March 1996), lot 146.

564. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.60 g, 12h). Mint I. Group Ia (AD 260).

IMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS (sic) P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS PROVINCIARVM, rivergod reclining left, holding pitcher and reed; prow of ship on right. AGK 87a (r2); RIC V 87 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio 2367.

VF, good silver content. Rare. ($300) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2013. Ex CGB Rome 34 (2013), no. brm247569.

The incorrect spelling of Postumus’s name and the less than realistic nature of the portrait, which closely resembles that of Gallienus, both suggest that those charged with cutting the dies for his earliest coinage were unfamiliar with the name and appearance of the new emperor.

This may be an indication that the coins were struck at a location where Postumus himself was not present. For a brief discussion of this reverse type, see the section on river-gods in the introductory chapter entitled Religion and divine protection.

169

565.

565a Lot of two (2) coins.

565b

($75)

565a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.08 g, 5h). Mint I. Group Ia (AD 260). IMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS PROVINCIARVM, horned river-god reclining left, holding pitcher and reed; prow of ship on right. AGK 88a (r1); RIC V 87 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio 2368.var. (same). Near VF, traces of silver content, porosity, a few scratches on the reverse.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996. Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 610.

Although the spelling of the emperor’s name is not entirely clear on this coin, it can also be attributed with certainty to the very earliest issue of Postumus, since the portrait, like that of the previous coin, closely resembles that of Gallienus.

565b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (23.5mm, 3.46 g, 12h). Mint I. Group Ia (AD 260). IMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive at her feet. AGK 97a (r2); RIC V 89 var. (obv. legend); Cunetio 2370. VF, some silvering, porosity.

Ex Michel Thys Collection (Jacquier 42, 16 September 2016), lot 503, purchased from CFO, Paris, 1987.

566.

This coin still bears the incorrect spelling of the emperor’s name, but the portrait is now beginning to resemble that of Postumus.

566a Lot of three (3) coins.

566b

566c

($100)

566a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22.5mm, 3.32 g, 6h). Mint I. Group Ib (AD 260-261). IMP C POSTVMVS P ·F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive at her feet. AGK 97c (c4); RIC V 89; Cunetio 2375. VF, toned, some silver content, flan crack.

Bought from Seaby, 1984.

566b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (23mm, 2.94 g, 1h). Mint I. Group Ic (AD 261). IMP C POSTVMVS · P ·F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERC DEVSONIENSI, Hercules standing right, leaning on club, holding bow and lionskin. AGK 25 (c4); RIC V 64; Cunetio 2383. VF, toned, some silver content, flan crack.

Bought from North Wales Coins, 1979.

This reverse type, and that of Lots 569a, 607, 608 and 609, refer to the cult of Hercules at Deuso, which was long considered to refer to Deutz, now a suburb of Cologne. The note to lot 600 in the catalogue of the Lūckger collection (Peus Auktion 417, 2 November 2016) states that this attribution is no longer considered to be correct, and that Deuso should be identified as either Dissen, North Brabant, or Doesburg, Gelderland – both in the modern Netherlands.

566c Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 2.98 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IIb (AD 262). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERC PACIFERO, Hercules standing left, holding olive branch, club and lionskin. AGK 27 (c4); RIC V 67; Cunetio 2395. VF, some silver content, porosity, flan crack.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 65 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 943 (part of).

170

567.

567a Lot of two (2) coins.

567b

($75)

567a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.13 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IIb (AD 262). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI PROPVGNATORI, Jupiter walking left, looking back, holding thunderbolt and eagle. AGK 37 (c1); RIC V 72; Cunetio 2401. VF, toned, some silver content.

Bought from Spink, 1995. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CIII.3 (April 1995), no. 1576.

567b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.84 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IIb (AD 262). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / MINER FAVTR, Minerva running left, holding olive branch, spear and shield. AGK 44 (c2); RIC V 74; Cunetio 2397. Near VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 75 (14 April 1993), lot 1311.

568. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.59 g, 8h). Mint I. Group IIIa (AD 263265). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left within distyle temple, holding rudder and cornucopiae; wheel below seat. AGK 24 (r3); RIC V 62; Cunetio 2408. Good VF, minor roughness in obverse field. Very rare. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 42 (29 May 1997), lot 1046.

569.

569a Lot of two (2) coins.

569b

($75)

569a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.48 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IIIa (AD 263-265). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERC DEVSONIENSI, Hercules standing left within tetrastyle temple, holding club and lionskin. AGK 26 (r1); RIC V 66; Cunetio 2409.

VF, some silver content, porosity, some green.

Ex Burgan 22 (24 March 1990), lot 247.

569b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.08 g, 6h). Mint I. Group IIIb (AD 263-265). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing facing, head left, legs crossed, leaning on column and holding cornucopiae and baton, pointing to globe on ground. AGK 70 (r1); RIC V 81; Cunetio –. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2309.

171

570. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.29 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IIIa (AD 263265). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P IIII COS III P P, Mars walking right, holding spear and sceptre. AGK 64 note; RIC V 57 var. (rev. type); Cunetio 2407. VF, higher silver content, minor porosity.

Rare. ($100) Ex Heidelberger Mūnzhandlung 30 (6 April 2000), lot 566.

AGK records just two specimens of this type, which portrays Mars holding a sceptre over his shoulder instead of a trophy (from the Cunetio and Oliver’s Orchard hoards, both from the same reverse die as this coin). Schulzki attributes this variation to a die-sinker’s error.

571.

571a Lot of two (2) coins.

571b

($75)

571a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.88 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANAE LVCIFERAE, Diana walking right, holding torch. AGK 11 (s); RIC V 299; Cunetio 2430. VF, some silver content, porosity, a few brown deposits.

Ex Van der Dussen 23 (6 April 1995), lot 1492.

571b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.04 g, 8h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANAE LVCIFERE, Diana walking right, holding torch; deer at her feet. AGK 12 (r2); RIC V 299; Cunetio 2431. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Heidelberger Mūnzhandlung 30 (6 April 2000), lot 552.

572. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.65 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANAE LVCIFERE, Diana walking right, holding torch. AGK 12 var. (see note 12 – no deer on rev.); RIC V 299; Cunetio 2431 var. (same). Good VF, good silver content, some weakness of strike on the reverse. ($100) Bought from CGB, Paris, 2007. Ex CGF Monnaies 32 (6 December 2007), no. 431.

AGK note 12 records just one specimen of this reverse legend combined with the absence of the deer – ex Étaples hoard, now in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. The CGB catalogue lists three other previously known specimens – Tyll Kroha auction 71 (1999), lot 157; Jacquier list 32, no. 464; private collection. The note to lot 554 in the catalogue for Auction 42 of Paul-Francis Jacquier (September 2016) states that the Évreux hoard contained no less than eight examples, however, and that the specimen offered there is the thirteenth recorded.

Most of these are in museum collections, however. It is not certain whether the example listed as ‘private collection’ is this coin or another one, but in either case it is clear that very few specimens are in private hands.

172

Diana Leading a Stag Eckhel Remarked on the Novelty of the Type

573. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.23 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANAE REDVCI, Diana walking right, holding bow and leading stag. AGK 13 (r2); RIC V 300; Cunetio 2429. VF, silver content, some porosity, flan a little ragged. Very rare. ($300) Ex Heidelberger Mūnzhandlung 23 (12 November 1998), lot 230.

This type of Diana Redvx only appears on the silver coinage of Postumus. With over 33,000 antoninianii of Postumus having been recorded from hoards over the years only 4 pieces with this reverse have been noted

574. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.09 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FORTVNA AV[G], Fortuna seated left, holding rudder and cornucopiae. AGK 22 (r2); RIC V 61; Cunetio 2424. VF, good silver content, some minor porosity, flan a little irregular. Rare. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1996.

575.

575a Lot of three (3) coins.

575b

575c

($100)

575a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.48 g, 12h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES EXERCITVS, four military standards. AGK 20 (s); RIC V 303; Chalfont 960 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 2432. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 65 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 960.

575b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.17 g, 6h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / MARS VICTOR, Mars standing left, leaning on shield and holding reversed spear. AGK 42 (r2); RIC V 312; Chalfont 956 (this coin, illustrated); Cunetio 2422. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 65 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 956.

575c Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (22mm, 3.67 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / MERCVRIO FELICI, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus. AGK 43 (s); RIC V 313; Cunetio 2419. VF, some silver content, porosity.

Ex Van der Dussen 23 (6 April 1995), lot 1505.

173

576.

576

576a Lot of three (3) coins.

576b

576c

($100)

576a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.43 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLO FRVGIFERO, winged caduceus. AGK 78 (s); RIC V 84; Cunetio 2426. Near EF, high silver content, underlying brilliance.

Bought from Coincraft, London, 1988.

576b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.60 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff round which snake coils; globe at his feet, on right. AGK 80 (c2); RIC V 86; Cunetio 2435. Near VF, low grade silver with a few deposits.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 65 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 961 (part of).

576c Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.45 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff round which snake coils; no globe at feet. AGK 81 (s); RIC V 86; Cunetio 2436. VF, some silver content, minor porosity.

Bought from Spink, 1995. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CIII.3 (April 1995), no. 1588.

578

577

577. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.49 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS EXERCITI, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff round which snake coils; globe at his feet, to right. AGK 85 (s); RIC V 326; Cunetio 2433. VF, toned, underlying silver, small flan crack. ($75) Ex Jacquier FPL 13 (Autumn 1991), no. 306.

The reverse legend on this and the following coin is ungrammatical. ‘Exercitus’ (army) is a 4th declension noun, with genitive ‘exercitūs’.

578. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.68 g, 1h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SALVS EXERCITI, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff round which snake coils: NO globe at feet. AGK 85 note; RIC V 327; Cunetio 2434. Good VF, high silver content, well struck, light tone in devices. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2331.

AGK note 85 records just one specimen (Cunetio 2434) of this reverse without a globe by the feet of Aesculapius, and attributes this to a probable die-sinker’s error. However, this coin is from a different reverse die from the Cunetio specimen (see in particular the angle of the letter X), so the variation may have been intentional, as with the SALVS AVG types (AGK 80 and 81).

579.

579b

579a

Lot of two (2) coins.

($75)

579a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.04 g, 12h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SERAPI COMITI AVG, Serapis standing left, right arm raided, holding transverse sceptre; prow of ship at his feet, on left. AGK 89 (c1); RIC V 329; Cunetio 2421. VF, toned, good silver content.

Ex Glendining’s (7 July 1993), lot 65 (part of); Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire, Hoard (1989) [IRBCH 740A], no. 955 (part of).

579b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.75 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVb (AD 267). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SERAPI COMITI AVG, Serapis standing left, right arm raised, holding transverse sceptre. AGK 90 (c2); RIC V 329 var. (no prow of ship); Cunetio 2437. VF, some silver content, flan crack.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 75 (14 April 1993), lot 1313.

174

580.

Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (24mm, 3.41 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVa (AD 266). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, Postumus walking right, holding spear and shield. AGK 104 (r3); RIC V 331; Cunetio –. VF, silver content, struck on a broad flan, small flan crack. Rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2337.

581.

581a Lot of three (3) coins.

581b

581c

($100)

581a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.45 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVb (AD 267). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VBERITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse(?) and cornucopiae. AGK 94 (s); RIC V 330; Cunetio 2439. VF, good silver content. reverse die a bit weak.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 75 (14 April 1993), lot 1315.

581b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.60 g, 7h). Mint I. Group IVb (AD 267). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVTI AVGVSTI, Hercules standing right, resting on long club. AGK 114 and note (s); RIC V 333 var. (no lionskin); Cunetio 2442. VF, toned, some silver content, a few earthen deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

AGK note 114 refers to three variants of this reverse distinguished in the Cunetio hoard report. On only one of these does Hercules hold a lionskin, as AGK 114. The other two feature either a long or a short club without lionskin. This coin belongs to the second of the three types.

581c Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.40 g, 12h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI STATORI, Jupiter standing facing, head right, holding sceptre and thunderbolt. AGK 38a (c3); RIC V 309; Cunetio 2449. Good VF, toned, small flan crack.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1981.

582. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 4.15 g, 1h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERCVLI ROMANO AVG, bow, club and quiver. AGK 31a (r3); RIC V 306; Cunetio –. Good VF, some silver content, reverse strike soft, a few deposits. Very rare, only three in CoinArchives. ($300) Ex Michel Thys Collection (Jacquier 42, 16 September 2016), lot 576; J. M. K. Collection (Elsen 113, 16 June 2012), lot 353.

175

584

583

583. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.84 g, 7h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268). POSTVMVS AVG, radiate bust left, wearing lionskin around shoulders and carrying club over right shoulder / IOVI STATORI, Jupiter standing facing, head right, holding sceptre and thunderbolt. AGK 38b (r2); RIC V 310; Cunetio -. EF, deeply toned, a few minor deposits on the reverse. Rare. ($750) Ex Sotheby’s (30 March 1995), lot 1259.

584. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 4.08 g, 12.5h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268). POSTVMVS AVG, radiate bust left, wearing lionskin around shoulders and carrying club over right shoulder / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. AGK 52b (r1); RIC V 319; Cunetio 2446. VF, some silvering, trace of porosity. Rare. ($500) Bought from Byzantium, 2000.

586

585

Scythian Quiver 585. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 3.74 g, 7h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P VIIII COS [IIII P P], bow, club and Scythian quiver. AGK 65a and note (r1); RIC V 291; Cunetio 2447. VF, some silvering, small flan crack. Rare. ($150) Bought from Spink, 1994.

AGK 65 includes reverses with both Roman and Scythian quivers depicted. Note 65 explains this.

Roman Quiver 586. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.43 g, 1h). Mint I. Group Va-b (AD 268).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P VIIII COS IIII P P, bow, club and Roman quiver. AGK 65a and note (r1); RIC V 291; Cunetio 2448. VF, low silver content, porosity. Rare. ($150) Ex Heidelberger Mūnzhandlung 30 (6 April 2000), lot 567.

AGK 65 includes reverses with both Roman and Scythian quivers depicted. Note 65 explains this.

176

RESTITVTOR GALLIAR

587. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 4.01 g, 1h). Mint I. Group Vc (AD 268).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR GALLIAR, emperor standing left, holding sceptre, right foot on seated captive, raising figure of Gallia kneeling to right, holding cornucopiae. AGK 74 (r3); RIC V 82; Cunetio 2452. Good VF, toned, good silver content, touch of porosity. Very rare. ($500) Ex Michel Thys Collection (Jacquier 42, 16 September 2016), lot 592; Auctiones AG 26 (16 June 1996), lot 1085.

588 589 588. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 4.30 g, 6h). Mint I. Group Vc (AD 268).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / REST ORBIS, Postumus standing right, holding sceptre, raising kneeling female figure, holding cornucopiae. AGK 75 (r2); RIC V 324 corr. (sceptre, not spear); Cunetio –.

VF, good silver content, obverse a little rough. Well struck reverse. Rare. ($300) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 363.

589. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.54 g, 1h). Mint I. Group Vc (AD 268).

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR ORBIS, Postumus standing right, holding sceptre, raising kneeling female figure, holding cornucopiae. AGK 76 (r4); RIC V 324 corr. (sceptre, not spear); Cunetio –. Near VF, low silver content, flan crack. Very rare. ($150) Bought from David Miller 2004.

590b

590a

590.

590c Lot of five (5) coins.

590d

590e

($100)

590a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.88 g, 12h). Mint I. Group VIa (AD 268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ORIENS AVG, Sol running left, right arm raised, left holding whip. AGK 48 (c1); RIC V 77; Cunetio 2451. Good VF, some silver content, well struck.

Bought from Spink, 1995. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CIII.3 (April 1995), no. 1594.

177

590b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.50 g, 12h). Mint I. Group VII (AD 269). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COS · V ·, winged Nemesis standing facing, head right, right hand raised, left holding vertical palm branch. AGK 10 (c1); RIC V 288; Cunetio 2459. VF, dark brown surfaces, flan crack.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1992.

Schulzki considers that the murder of Postumus did not take place until early in AD 269. Melville Jones (1990), pp. 208-9, states that Nemesis ‘was originally a personification of Apportionment, the idea of rightful distribution, with the associated idea of righteous retribution.’ She could sometimes be equated to Victory and sometimes to peace. On this coin she has both the wings and the palm branch of Victory, and her appearance on this very late issue of Postumus may be interpreted as both celebrating and justifying his victory over Gallienus.

590c Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.48 g, 12h). Mint I. Group VII (AD 269). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PACATOR ORBIS, radiate bust of Sol right. AGK 50 (s); RIC V 317; Cunetio 2465. VF, rough brown surfaces. Scarce.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1991. Ex Jacquier FPL 13 (Autumn 1991), no. 315.

590d Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 3.65 g, 2h). Mint II (Colonia Agrippinensis [Cologne]). Unnumbered group (AD 266-267). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLI FELICITAS, Postumus standing right, holding globe and spear. AGK 77 (c4); RIC V 325; Cunetio 2444. VF, toned, some silver content.

Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1977.

590e Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.32 g, 11h). Contemporary imitation. IMP C PSTVMVS (sic) P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FELICIT[A]S AVG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae. As AGK 14; as RIC V 58. VF, some silver content, rough in spots.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1996.

593 591 592 591. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.46 g, 7h). Mint II (Colonia Agrippinensis [Cologne]). Group I (AD 268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter walking left, looking back, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; C A across field. AGK 40 (s); RIC V 311 and note 1; Cunetio 2467. VF, brown surfaces, some minor roughness, small area of hard green. ($75) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1992. Ex Jacquier FPL 14 (Autumn 1992), no. 365.

Schulzki’s grading of this type as only ‘scarce’ is surprising, as very few examples come onto the market. It may be that the type is overrepresented in major public collections owing to its Cologne mint-mark.

592. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.19 g, 12h). Mint II (Colonia Agrippinensis [Cologne]). Group II (AD 268-269). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P X COS V P P, Victory standing right, left foot on globe, supporting shield inscribed VO / XX. AGK 66 (r1); RIC V 295; Cunetio 2469. Good VF, some silver content, toned. Fine style portrait. Scarce. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 42 (29 May 1997), lot 1055.

Coins of this Group are dated to AD 268 on p. 41 of AGK, but to 269 in the catalogue entries!

593. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (19mm, 3.45 g, 6h). Mint II (Colonia Agrippinensis [Cologne]). Group II (AD 268-269). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P X COS V P P, Postumus standing facing, head left, holding branch and short sceptre. AGK 67 (r3); RIC V 294; Cunetio 2470.

Good VF, dark brown surfaces, weakness of strike on reverse. Rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2325.

Coins of this Group are dated to AD 268 on p. 41 of AGK, but to 269 in the catalogue entries!

178

Antoniniani at Mediolanum Struck at the instigation of Aureolus Aureolus was an extraordinarily capable general who served under Valerian and Gallienus. Around AD 258, Gallienus stationed a new cavalry unit at Mediolanum that was to serve as a quick reaction force against any new invasions along the frontier of the central empire. Aureolus was given command of this unit. In AD 260-261 his forces defeated the armies of the usurpers Ingenuus and Macrianus, and recovered the province of Raetia. Following these victories, Gallienus and Aureolus led a Roman army against the breakaway Gallic provinces under Postumus. Gallienus was forced to leave the field after being injured in battle, and left the campaign in the hands of Aureolus. Aureolus ended the campaign shortly thereafter, and while the reason is uncertain, the historical record suggests it was due to either his incompetence or else treachery (he had come to a secret agreement with Postumus). While the former seems unlikely, given Aureolus’ record, the latter is possible, as there are indications that he had been preparing for a revolt as early as AD 262. Regardless, at some point in AD 267, Aureolus revolted and established his base at Mediolanum, where Gallienus besieged him in AD 268. The details of the revolt are unclear, but it appears that Aureolus first appealed to Postumus for aid, and, failing to gain the Gallic Emperor’s support, declared himself emperor. About the same time, Gallienus was murdered, and was succeeded by Claudius II Gothicus, who continued to beseige Mediolanum. Soon, though, it appeared that an agreement was reached, and Aureolus emerged from the city to meet Claudius. Any such concord, however, was simply a ruse, as Aureolus was taken into custody and executed.

594.

594a Lot of two (2) coins.

594b

($75)

594a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (19.5mm, 3.60 g, 12h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Group I (AD 267). [I]MP POSTVMVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES AEQ[VIT], Fides seated left, holding patera and standard. AGK 15 (r2); RIC V 376; Cunetio 2471. VF, brown surfaces, light encrustation.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2340.

594b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (21mm, 5.04 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Group IIa (AD 267). IMP P[OST]VMVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CONCORD · EQVIT, Concordia seated left, holding patera and rudder. AGK 5 (s); RIC V 373; Cunetio 2477. VF, dark greenbrown surfaces.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1994.

595. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.02 g, 11h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 3rd officina. Group III (AD 267). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS EQVIT, Virtus walking right, holding spear and shield; T in exergue. AGK 111a (r2); RIC V 387; Cunetio 2495. Good VF, even dark brown surfaces, small flan crack. Rare. ($150) Bought from Coincraft, London, 1991.

596.

596a Lot of two (2) coins.

596b

($75)

596a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (18.5mm, 2.48 g, 5h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 3rd officina. Group IV (AD 267-268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PAX EQVITVM, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre; T in exergue. AGK 57 (s); RIC V 381; Cunetio 2498. VF, brown surfaces, flan crack.

Bought from A. D. Hamilton, Glasgow, 1984. Reportedly ex Anderson collection.

596b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Antoninianus (20.5mm, 3.33 g, 7h). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Group IV (AD 267-268). IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS EQVITVM, Hercules standing right, holding lionskin and resting club on rock. AGK 113 (r1); RIC V 389; Cunetio 2497. VF, silvering, some weakness of strike on portrait.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

179

Bronze Coins of Postumus The classification, and even the denominations, of the bronze issues of Postumus have caused some disagreement over the years. It is normal nowadays for large module coins with laureate busts to be described as sestertii and those with radiate busts as double sestertii, by analogy with the tariff relationships between laureate denarii and radiate antoniniani in the earlier part of the third century. Whether the radiate coins actually circulated at double the value of the laureate has, as far as I know, never been conclusively demonstrated, however. Further confusion surrounds radiate coins of smaller module, which are sometimes described as dupondii and sometimes as ‘reduced double sestertii’. Again the actual value of these coins in circulation is unknown, as is the cut-off diameter at which one denomination is separated from the other.

The catalogue of coins in this collection will sidestep this problem, therefore, by describing each coin simply as either a radiate bronze or a laureate bronze. I leave it to those who have studied this series in greater detail to label them as they wish. The catalogue is ordered according to RIC V, part 2, but reference will also be made where possible to Bastien 1967 and to Banti 1987.

597 598 597. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (31mm, 26.29 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M [TR P] COS II P P; S C across field, emperor, helmeted, standing left, holding globe and spear. RIC V 106; Bastien 63; Banti 45. VF, dark brown surfaces, a few minor cleaning marks, several miniscule scratches in the fields. ($150) Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 850 (May 1990), no. C259.

598. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (32mm, 20.72 g, 5h). Struck AD 262. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [P] M TR P COS III P P; S C across field, emperor, helmeted, standing left, holding globe and spear. RIC V 113; Bastien 124; Banti 51. VF, attractive brown green surfaces, minor roughness. ($300) Ex Lanz 76 (18 May 1996), lot 784.

Overstruck on a Sestertius of Hadrian

599. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (33mm, 25.6 g, 7h). Overstrike on sestertius of Hadrian. Struck AD 263-265. IMP C M CA[SS LAT PO]STVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed(?) bust right / [P M T]R P IIII COS III P P, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy. RIC V 114; Banti 52. Overstruck on an earlier sestertius, cf. Bastien 390. VF, brown surfaces, small area of hard green. Clear details of the undertype. ($200) Ex Dix Noonan Webb A8 (5 October 2009), lot 5897.

This coin has been overstruck on a sestertius of Hadrian; the letters DRIAN and part of the head are still distinguishable on the obverse.

180

600 601 600. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (27.5mm, 16.87 g, 7h). Struck AD 263-265. P C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F A (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [P M T]R P IIII COS I[II P P], Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy. RIC V 114; Bastien 233 (same obv. die as 233b); Banti 52. VF, dark brown surfaces. Obverse die shift creating the illusion of two portraits. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2002. Ex Jacquier FPL 29 (Summer 2002), no. 439.

601. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (28mm, 10.57 g, 5h). Struck AD 260(?). IMP C M CASS LAT P[OST]VMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [E]XERCITVS VAG (sic), emperor on horseback to left, addressing four soldiers standing right. RIC V 117; Bastien 141f ; Banti 4 var. (rev. legend). Good Fine, brown surfaces, some pitting, a few remaining deposits. Rare. ($150) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1935.

Bastien (1967, 163, note 1) describes the coins listed as 141f as ‘des reductions coulées’ (reduced size casts). The coins listed as 141a-e are all of larger module.

602 603 602. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (32mm, 17.42 g, 2h). Struck AD 260(?). IMP C M CASS LAT [POSTVMVS] P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS, inscribed on triumphal arch; AVG in exergue. RIC V 118; Bastien 142a (same dies); Banti 5. Fine, even brown surfaces, minor roughness. Scarce. ($200) Ex Friedrich Collection (Numismatica Ars Classica, 2 April 1995), lot 1936.

603. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (32.5mm, 23.39 g, 6h). Struck AD 260?. IMP C POSTVMVS P · F · AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS AVG, trophy of arms between two seated captives. RIC V 120 var. (bust type); Bastien 14; Banti 6. Good Fine, rough brown surfaces. Well struck and centered. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXV (24 March 1993), lot 734.

The coin is as Bastien 14c, but struck from different dies on an overly broad flan.

604. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (33mm, 24.60 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards. RIC V 123. Bastien 77; Banti 12. VF, wonderful hard brown surfaces. Well struck. Handsome coin. ($750) Ex Burgan 23 (17 October 1990), lot 342.

181

605 606 605. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Helmeted bronze (31mm, 13.13 g, 6h). Struck AD 261. VIRTVS POSTVMI AVG, helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards.

RIC V 125; Bastien 109; Banti 11/A. VF, dark green surfaces, some weakness of strike. Rare helmeted. ($300) Ex Spink 145 (12 July 2000), lot 1485.

606. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (31mm, 18.11 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C POSTVMVS PIVS F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards. RIC V 128; Bastien 72; Banti –. VF, dark brown surfaces, traces of deposits in the devices. ($200) Ex Lanz 76 (18 May 1996), lot 783.

HERC DEVSONIENSI

607. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (‘Sol greeting’ bust) (30.5mm, 16.43 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, raising right hand / HERC DEVSONIENSI, Hercules standing right, holding club, lion-skin, and bow. RIC V 132 var. (rev. type); Bastien 118; Banti 15 note, referring to Cohen 96. VF, dark green patina, some red brown deposits. A few very minor cleaning marks. Rare. ($500) Ex Gorny & Mosch 216 (15 October 2013), lot 3228.

Ex Magnaguti Collection – Banti Plate Coin – Referenced in Bastien

608. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Helmeted bronze (military bust) (28mm, 15.38 g, 6h). Struck AD 261. VIRTVS POSTVMI AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / HERC DEVSONIENSI, Hercules standing right, holding club, lion-skin and bow. RIC V 133; Bastien 113 (this coin referenced); Banti 16 (this coin referenced and illustrated). VF, brown surfaces, natural metal at high points, some green along the edge. Rare. ($500) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 84, Part II (21 May 2015), lot 2044; Elsen 113 (16 June 2012), lot 393; Alessandro Magnaguti Collection (Part IV, Santamaria, 15 June 1951), lot 412; Rosenberg 69 (2 December 1930), lot 2625.

182

609

610

609. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (28.5mm, 13.52 g, 8h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C [M C]ASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERC DEVSOИIENSI (sic), Hercules standing left, within temple, holding club and lion-skin. RIC V 134; Bastien 231; Banti 17. VF, tan brown surfaces, some light darker brown deposits. ($150) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica C (11 March 1993), lot 1993.

610. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (27.5mm, 12.57 g, 6h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M CASS LAT [POSTV]MVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERC PACIFERO, Hercules standing left, holding olive branch, club and lion-skin. RIC V 135 var. (bust type); cf. Bastien 145 and 240; Banti 18 note, referring to Cohen 105. VF, green patina on the obverse, brown natural surfaces on the reverse. ($150) Bought from Baldwin’s, 2000.

HERCVLI MAGVSANO

611. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (31mm, 20.34 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / HERCVLI MAGVSANO, Hercules standing right, holding lion-skin and resting club on rock. RIC V 139 var. (bust type); Bastien 105a (same dies); Banti 21. Near Fine, brown surfaces, some red. Rare. ($150) Ex Rauch Sommerauktion 2010 (13 September 2010), lot 1345.

This reverse type refers to a cult prevalent among the Batavii, a tribe resident in Germania Inferior (modern Netherlands), which conflated a native deity, Magusanus, with the Roman Hercules. Votive inscriptions and monumental sanctuaries to Hercules Magusanus have been found in several locations within Batavian territory (see Roymans 2004). It is unclear why Postumus should have chosen to have this deity honoured on his coinage, but it has been suggested either that he had a particular affinity with the Batavii or that one of his victories had been won close to one of the sanctuaries, at Empel.

612. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (34mm, 18.61 g, 6h). Struck AD 261. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / LAETITIA; AVG in exergue, galley to left with four oarsmen and steersman. RIC V 143; Bastien 87; Banti 29. Good VF, dark brown green surfaces. Well struck on a large flan. ($750) Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1991.

183

613.

613a Lot of two (2) coins.

613b

($100)

613a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (30mm, 18.13 g, 7h). Struck AD 261.

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two standards. RIC V 124; Bastien 74; Banti 11/B. Fine, brown green surfaces, scrape across face.

Bought from C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1992.

613b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (30.5mm, 16.97 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / LAETI[TIA]; AVG in exergue, galley to left, with four oarsmen. RIC V 144; Bastien 85a-e; Banti 23. Near VF, rough green patina.

614.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 2000.

614a Lot of two (2) coins.

614b

($100)

Bastien Plate Coin Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (24mm, 6.48 g, 6h). Struck circa AD 614a 265-266. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F A[V] (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [GERM] AN[IC]VS MAX V, trophy of arms between two seated captives. RIC V 198 var. (obv. legend); Bastien 301c (this coin, illustrated, listed as C(abinet de) M(édailles de) P(aris) no. F4949, with a weight of 5.55 g); Banti 14. Fine, even green patina.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2002. Ex Jacquier FPL 29 (Summer 2002), no. 445.

The illustrations on Bastien Pl. XLVIII show this coin unmistakeably to be 301c. If Bastien’s reference is correct, the coin must therefore have been deaccessioned from the CDM collection at some stage. However, the certainly erroneous weight he records suggests that it is more likely that Bastien’s reference for 301c is incorrect.

614b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (24.5mm, 9.11 g, 12h). Struck circa AD 264-266. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVI PROPVGNAT[O], Jupiter walking left, head turned back, holding thunderbolt and eagle. RIC V 141 var. (bust type and rev. inscription); Bastien 341 (same rev. die as illustration); Banti 22 var. (same). Near VF, brown surfaces.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2002. Ex Jacquier FPL 29 (Summer 2002), no. 444.

RESTITVTOR GALLIAR

615. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (32mm, 16.12 g, 6h). Struck AD 260. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR GALLIAR; S C in exergue, emperor standing left, holding spear, extending right arm to kneeling female, holding branch. RIC V 157; Bastien 28a-b (same dies); Banti 54. Good Fine, black surfaces, weakly struck on the face. Rare. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XX (25 March 1992), lot 860.

184

Overstruck on a Sestertius of Antoninus Pius

616. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (32mm, 21.03 g, 7h). Overstrike on sestertius of Antoninus Pius. Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M C[AS]S LAT POSTV[MVS P F AV]G, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [SALVS AVG], Salus seated right, feeding snake rising from altar. RIC V 161; Bastien 227a-b (same dies); Banti 55 note, referring to Cohen 341. VF, even brown surfaces. ($300) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

This coin has been overstruck on a sestertius of Antoninus Pius. The obverse legend ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P [...] and the outline of the portrait can still be seen on the reverse.

617. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (30mm, 21.99 g, 6h). Struck AD 260. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SALVS AVG, Salus / Aesculapius standing left, leaning on column, feeding snake held in arms. RIC V 163; Bastien 18 (same dies as illustration); Banti 57 (same dies as illustration).

Good VF, dark green patina. some traces of earthen encrustation along edge. Handsome bronze. Very rare, only the BN piece published (illustrated in Basien and Banti). ($750) Ex Megret-Merger (Boule) 107 (16 October 2015), lot 187.

618 619 618. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (25mm, 10.28 g, 8h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP [C P]OSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SA[LV]S AVG, Aesculapius standing facing, head left, leaning on staff around which snake coils; globe on ground on left. RIC V –; Bastien 284a (same dies); Banti –. VF, brown and green surfaces. An attractive small module brown. ($150) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 2002. Ex Jacquier FPL 29 (Summer 2002), no. 447.

619. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (28.5mm, 15.69 g, 11h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE [AVG], SC in exergue, two Victories standing face to face, fixing shield to palm tree, at base of which are two seated captives. RIC V 166 var. (bust type); cf. Bastien 39 and 164; Banti 76. VF, attractive gray green surfaces, a little weakness of strike on the reverse. ($200) Ex Burgan 30 (3 July 1992), lot 1008.

This coin seems to vary stylistically from both types illustrated by Bastien.

185

620.

620a Lot of two (2) coins.

620b

($100)

620a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (31.5mm, 21.61 g, 6h). Struck AD 260. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SALVS [AVG]VSTI; SC in exergue, Aesculapius standing left, leaning on column, extending right hand to snake rising up from altar. RIC V 165; Bastien 17; Banti 58. Near Fine, brown surfaces, minor scratches.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

620b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (28mm, 19.44 g, 2h). Struck AD 260268. IMP C POSTVMVS PI AG, radiate and draped bust right / no legend except for possible remains of two letters at top and S C, retrograde, in exergue, two Victories standing face to face, fixing shield to palm tree, at base of which are two seated captives. As RIC V 166-168; cf. Bastien 316. VF, green and brown patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 2000.

This is presumably an unofficial striking or contemporary imitation, but the style and workmanship are relatively good for such issues.

621. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (33mm, 21.49 g, 6h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, S C in exergue, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive at her feet. RIC V 169; as Bastien 95 and 102; Banti 69. VF, even brown surfaces. Well struck. ($500) Ex I. Vecchi 5 (5 March 1997), lot 771.

622. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (29mm, 17.00 g, 7h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVG, S C in exergue, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive at her feet. RIC V 170; Bastien 100; Banti 61. VF, even brown surfaces, lighter high points, small flan flaw on reverse. Well struck for issue. ($500) Bought from Spink, 1999. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVII10 (December 1999), no. 4972.

186

624 623 623. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (26mm, 12.02 g, 5h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P · F · AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [VICT]OR[IA] AVG, [S C in exergue], Postumus standing facing, head right, holding spear and leaning on shield; to left, trophy between two seated captives. RIC V 176; Bastien 163f (same dies); Banti 71. Near VF, brown surfaces, flan slightly irregular. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 43 (24 September 1997), lot 2343.

624. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (30.5mm, 23.25 g, 1h). Struck AD 260-268. IMP C M CAS[S LA]T POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIR[TVS AV]G, Jupiter walking left, looking back, holding thunderbolt and eagle. RIC V 178; cf. Bastien 180 and 205; Banti 78 note, referring to Cohen 416. VF, green patina. Natural flan flaw on revserse. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1995.

626 625 625. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (35mm, 32.35 g, 12h). Struck AD 261. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, S C across field, Mars standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield. RIC V 179; Bastien 54; Banti 79. Good Fine, brown surfaces on a broad flan. ($200) Bought from Hans Gilljam, 1989.

626. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Laureate bronze (32mm, 28.08 g, 5h). Struck AD 261. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVG, S C across field, Mars standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield. RIC V 180; Bastien 52e; Banti 80. VF, black brown surfaces. ($500) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1996.

627.

627a Lot of two (2) coins.

627b

($100)

627a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (24.5mm, 9.74 g, 6h). Struck AD 260268. IMP C M CASS LAT [POSTV]MVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [FE]LICITAS AVG, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. RIC V 193; Bastien 276; Banti 9 var. (S C on rev.).

Fine, dusty brown surfaces.

Bought from Coincraft, London, 1994.

627b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (25mm, 13.10 g, 8h). Struck AD 260268. IMP C M CAS LA[T POSTVMVS P F] AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVIDENT[IA AVG], C S in exergue, Providentia standing left, holding globe and transverse sceptre. Cf. RIC V 220; Bastien 307ab (same dies); Banti –. Fine, rough green patina.

Bought from David Miller 1997.

187

628.

628

628 Lot of two (2) coins.

($100)

628a Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (23mm, 5.50 g, 3h). Struck AD 260268. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AG (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / RESTITOR GALLIAP (sic), emperor standing left, holding spear and extending right hand to figure of Gaul, kneeling right. RIC V 225; Bastien 353c-e; Banti –. Near VF, green brown surfaces, areas of roughness.

Ex Kūnker 133 (11 October 2007), lot 9075.

628b Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (27.5mm, 12.53 g, 7h). Struck AD 260268. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [V]ICTORI[A AVG], Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; captive at her feet. RIC V 233; as Bastien 95 and 102 etc; cf. Banti 64-5. Near VF, brown surfaces, some roughness.

Bought from Galata 1990.

629. Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 260-269. Radiate bronze (22mm, 11.07 g, 2h). Struck AD 260-268.

IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / DIANAE LVCIFERAE, Diana standing right, holding torch in both hands. RIC V –; Bastien – (but obv. die as 284a); Banti –. Good VF, brown surfaces on a slightly irregular flan. ($500) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1999. Ex Triton II (1 December 1998), lot 1007.

The reverse has apparently been struck from an antoninianus die of type AGK 11.

188

Part 4: Provincial Coinage

630 631 630.

MACEDON, Amphipolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (25mm, 12.79 g, 6h). ΑVΤ Κ ΠΟΛΙ ΟVAΛЄPIANOΣ, radiate and cuirassed bust right / AMΦΙ-Π-ΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ, city goddess seated left on throne, holding cult statue of Demeter with torch; fish in exergue (tuna?). BMC 137; SNG Copenhagen 121; Lindgren II 1022. VF, dark green-brown patina. ($100) Ex Gorny & Mosch 152 (9 October 2006), lot 1676.

Lindgren describes the statuette as “Artemis Tauropolis.”

631.

MACEDON, Dium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (23mm, 8.56 g, 1.5h). [I]MP GA-LLIENVS A[V], radiate bust right, slight drapery / COL IVL D[IENSIS], Athena standing left, holding patera and reversed spear; D and snake on either side. SNG Copenhagen 160; Lindgren II 1075. VF, green-brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Kovacs XI (19 June 1993), lot 144.

632.

MACEDON, Philippi. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (20mm, 9.36 g, 1h). GALLI-ENVS A[VG], radiate head right / COL P-HILIP, Nike walking right, holding wreath and palm. M. Amandry, “Le monnayage de la Res Publica Coloniae Philippensium: Nouvelles données,” FIDES, p. 504, 1. VF, brown patina. Rare. ($100) Ex Numismatik Naumann 43 (1 May 2016), lot 582 (sale postponed to 8 May for technical reasons).

Unique and Important Coin of Philippi

633.

MACEDON, Philippi. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24.5mm, 10.46 g, 7h). IMP ECN GALLIEN AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SPES P-V-BLICA, city goddess seated left, holding patera and cornucopia; R/P/C in left field, P in right field. M. Amandry, “Le monnayage de la Res Publica Coloniae Philippensium: Nouvelles données,” FIDES, p. 496 (this coin cited and illustrated). VF, green-brown patina, light roughness. Extremely rare and possibly unique. ($150) Ex Dix Noonan Webb A8 (5 October 2009), lot 5730.

The appearance of this coin served to prove Michel Amandry’s previously published theory that a series of coins struck at Phillipi for the deified Augustus, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius had been issued during the reign of Gallienus. The reverse of this coin was struck from the same die as several coins of Divus Marcus Aurelius. A second specimen of this coin, from the same dies, was offered in the Kölner Münzkabinett E-Auction 3, 25 June 2017, lot 393, but was not sold.

189

634.

634a Lot of two (2) coins.

634b

($150)

634a MACEDON, Thessalonica. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (22mm, 10.29 g, 6h). AVT K OV-AΛЄPIANO, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΘЄCCAΛ-O-NIKЄΩN B, N-Є across field, Nike walking right, holding wreath and palm. Touratsoglou Em. II, – (V3/R5 – unlisted die combination); SNG Copenhagen 442 var. (obv. legend). VF, brown surfaces. Rare.

Ex I. Vecchi 17 (15 December 1999), lot 589; reportedly ex Duke of Argyll Collection.

634b MACEDON, Thessalonica. Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 11.05 g, 6h). KOPN CAΛONINA · AVΓ ·, diademed and draped bust right [on crescent] / ΘεCCAΛON-IKH MH KO B N, ΠV-ΘI/A across field, tripod surmounted by five balls. Touratsoglou Em. II, 49 (V2/R7); Mionnet Supp. III, p. 170, 1099. Near VF, green patina.

635.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 47 (16 September 1998), lot 829.

635a Lot of two (2) coins.

635b

($150)

635a DACIA. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25.5mm, 10.02 g, 12h). Dated year 8 or 10 (AD 253/4 or 255/6).

IMP GALLIENVS PIV AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVI-N-CIA DACIA, [AN VIII or AN X] (date) in exergue, Dacia standing facing, head left, holding two standards; eagle on left, lion on right. Cf. AMNG 66; cf. Varbanov 93-4. VF, green-brown patina, some smoothing and cleaning marks.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 177 (14 September 2016), lot 168.

635b DACIA. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 7.29 g, 12h). Dated year 10 (AD 255/6). IMP GALLIENVS PI[V AV]G, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PROVINC-IA DAC[IA], AN X (date) in exergue, Dacia standing facing, head left, holding two standards; eagle on left, lion on right. Cf. AMNG 66; Varbanov 94. Fine, rough brown surfaces.

Bought from from Byzantium Coins, 1991.

636.

MOESIA SUPERIOR, Viminacium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (28mm, 10.08 g, 7h). Dated year 16 (AD 254/5).

IMP VALER-IANVS P AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M S C-OL VIM, AN XVI (date) in exergue, Moesia standing left between bull, standing right, and lion, standing left. J&H 99 (R5); Pick 190. VF, green patina. ($100) Ex G. Hirsch 177 (10 February 1993), lot 1247.

190

Very Rare Diva Mariniana

637.

MOESIA SUPERIOR, Viminacium. Diva Mariniana. Died before AD 253. Æ (27mm, 9.99 g, 5.5h). Dated year 16 (AD 254/5). DIVAE MARINIANAE, veiled and draped bust right on crescent / P M S C-OL VIM, AN XVI (date) in exergue, Moesia standing left between bull, standing right, and lion, standing left. J&H 99 (R9); SNG Budapest 625 (same obv. die). VF, green patina, light roughness. Very rare. ($150) Ex M&M Numismatics I (7 December 1997), lot 158.

638 639 638.

MOESIA SUPERIOR, Viminacium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 10.09 g, 1h). Dated year 16 (AD 254/5).

IMP GALLIENVS P AVG, laureate and draped bust right / P M S C-OL VIM, AN XVI (date) in exergue, Moesia standing left between bull, standing right, and lion, standing left. J&H 101 corr. (obv. legend, R5); cf. Pick 194. VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1994.

639.

THRACE, Augusta Traiana. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 13.08 g, 1h). ΓAΛΛI-HNOC AVΓ, radiate head right / AVΓOVCT-H-C TPAIAN, Nike walking right, holding wreath and palm frond. Schönert-Geiss 524 (V155/R439); Varbanov 1408 corr. (rev. type to right). Good VF, green patina. Rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XXI (26 June 1992), lot 460 (incorrectly described as unpublished).

640.

THRACE, Augusta Traiana. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 14.18 g, 12h). AVT ΓA-ΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AVΓOVCTHC TPAIANH/C, coiled snake. Schönert-Geiss 521 (V152/R429); Falghera 2581; Varbanov 1411. Good VF, dark green patina. ($150) Ex Lanz 120 (18 May 2004), lot 526.

641.

THRACE, Coela. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 10.39 g, 9h). IMP GA[LL]IHN, laureate head right / AEL MVNI COELAN, Genius standing facing, head left, holding statuette and cornucopia; c/m: Δ in left field, O in right. BMC 13; for c/m: Howgego 786. VF, green patina, cleaning marks. Rare. ($100) Ex Schenk-Behrens 75 (4 May 1998), lot 525.

Howgego (p. 58): “The BO and ΔO on coins of Gallienus from Coela in the Thracian Chersonese may refer to obols.” The current piece would therefore have been valued at 4 obols.

191

Herakles & the Nemean Lion

642.

THRACE, Perinthus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (34mm, 24.27 g, 7h). AYT ΓAΛΛHNOC CεB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield; gorgoneion on shield / ΠEPINΘIΩN ΔIC NEΩKOPIN, Herakles standing right, wrestling with the Nemean lion; club in left field. Schönert, Perinthos 899; BMC 75; Varbanov 599 (this coin cited). VF, brown surfaces. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 57 (4 April 2001), lot 787.

This reverse illustrates the first of the Labours of Herakles – the killing of a lion with a skin impervious to weapons.

The Cattle of Geryon Varbanov Plate Coin

643.

THRACE, Perinthus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (32mm, 20.72 g, 6h). AYT Γ-AΛΛ-HNOC CEB, laureate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear over left shoulder / ΠEPINΘIΩN ΔIC NEΩKOPΩ, Herakles walking left, holding raised club, driving the cattle of Geryon. Cf. Schönert, Perinthos 900 (for rev.); Varbanov 602 (this coin cited and illustrated, R7).

VF, green patina, cut on reverse. Extremely rare with this bust type. ($300) Ex Gorny & Mosch 118 (14 October 2002), lot 1664 (hammer of €1000).

This reverse type illustrates the tenth of the Labours of Herakles, in which he was charged with capturing a herd of red cattle owned by Geryon, a monster with three heads and three sets of legs, and guarded by Orthus, a two-headed watchdog, and the herdsman Eurytion.

192

644a

644.

644b

644c 644d Lot of four (4) coins. ($200) 644a THRACE, Serdica. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 8.96 g, 7h). AVT K ΓAΛ-ΛIHNOC[EB?], laureate and cuirassed bust right / OVAΠIAC CEPΔIKHC, river-god Oiskos reclining left, holding reeds. H&J 12.46.32.1 (R5); Ruzicka 481 var. (arrangement of rev. legend). VF, green patina.

Ex I. Vecchi 15 (15 June 1999), lot 617.

644b THRACE, Serdica. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 11.07 g, 6.5h). AVT K ΓAΛ-ΛIHNOC, laureate and draped bust right / OVAΠIAC CEPΔIK, H C in exergue, emperor on horseback to right, raising right hand. Cf. H&J 12.46.34.1 (R8); Ruzicka –. VF, green patina, roughness and cleaning scratches. Very rare type.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 159 (4 May 2011), lot 293.

644c THRACE, Serdica. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 18.78 g, 1h). AVT K [ΓAΛ-ΛI]HNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / OVAΠIAC CEPΔIKH, C in exergue, three naked female figures, the middle one kneeling to right, the outer two standing face to face. H&J 12.46.26.3 (R7); Ruzicka 489. VF, green-brown patina, rough in areas. Rare type.

Ex Kūnker 89 (8 March 2004), lot 2567.

644d THESSALY, Koinon of Thessaly. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Tetrassarion (24mm, 10.41 g, 12h). AVT K ΠO Λ ΓAΛΛHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [KO]INON ΘεCCAΛΩN, Athena advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield; Δ in left field. BCD Thessaly II 991.2. Near VF, green patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

645.

ATTICA, Athens. Time of Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (20mm, 5.39 g, 5h). Helmeted head of Athena right / AΘHN-A-I-ΩN, Athena standing facing, head left, holding spear and shield. Kroll 318; Svoronos pl. 86, 6-12. VF, dark brown patina. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 1380.

Sear (1982) opines that “this type probably represents the brass statue of Athena Promachos on the Akropolis.”

193

Coins of Peloponnesus The next six lots are all examples of the very rare issues of this period from the Peloponnesian cities of Argos and Sparta. All are from the BCD collection.

646 647 646.

ARGOLIS, Argos. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (26.5mm, 9.52 g, 4.5h). ΠO ΛIK ΓAΛ-ΛIHNON, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APΓЄ-IωN, Zeus standing facing, head right, holding long scepter; I and monogram of AC (= 10 assaria) across field. BCD Peloponnesos 1219 (this coin); SNG Copenhagen 108. Near VF, green and black patina, rough surfaces. Very rare. ($150) Ex BCD Collection (LHS 96, 8 May 2006), lot 1219.

647.

ARGOLIS, Argos. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 7 Assaria (23mm, 8.66 g, 4.5h). KOP C-A-ΛωNINA, diademed and draped bust right / APΓЄ-IωN, peacock walking right, head turned back; Ζ (mark of value) above. BCD Peloponnesos 1221 (this coin); NCP p. 34, 7. VF, green and red-brown patina. Very rare. ($150) Ex BCD Collection (LHS 96, 8 May 2006), lot 1221.

648 649 648.

LACONIA, Lacedaemon (Sparta). Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 8 Assaria (26mm, 11.91 g, 2h). ΓAΛΛIHNON AYΓOY, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [ΛAKЄΔAI]-MONIΩN, the Dioscuri standing facing; between, H above A C monogram (= 8 assaria). Grunauer Group LVI, Series 2, 3 (same dies); BCD Peloponnesos 946.1 (this coin). VF, brown patina. Very rare. ($150) Ex BCD Collection (LHS 96, 8 May 2006), lot 946 (part of).

649.

LACONIA, Lacedaemon (Sparta). Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 8 Assaria (27mm, 11.38 g, 4h). [ΓAΛΛ]IHNON AYΓOY, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΛAKЄΔA[I]-MONIωN, archaic statue of the Apollo of Amyklai, head to right, holding spear and bow; across field, AC monogram and H (= 8 assaria). Grunauer Group LVI, Series 4, 5 (same dies); BCD Peloponessos 946.2 (this coin). Near VF, brown patina. Very rare. ($150) Ex BCD Collection (LHS 96, 8 May 2006), lot 946 (part of), purchased from Baldwin’s, May 1975; Heller Collection, purchased from Spink, 1955.

650 651 650.

LACONIA, Lacedaemon (Sparta). Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 4 Assaria (23mm, 7.79 g, 3h). [ΓA]ΛΛIHNON AYΓOY, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left / ΛAKЄΔAI-[MONIωN], Apollo Lykeios standing facing, holding bow and resting right hand on his head; across field, AC monogram and Δ (= 4 assaria). Grunauer Group LVIII, Series 1, 1 (same dies); BCD Peloponnesos 946.3 (this coin). Fine, green and red-brown patina, roughness. Very rare. ($100) Ex BCD Collection (LHS 96, 8 May 2006), lot 946 (part of).

651.

LACONIA, Lacedaemon (Sparta). Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 4 Assaria (23mm, 13.56 g, 6h).

CAΛONЄI[NON] AYΓOY, diademed and draped bust right / [Λ]AKЄΔAIMONIωN, pilei of the Dioscuri; below, AC monogram and Δ (= 4 assaria). Grunauer Group LIX, Series 3, 5 (V1/R5); BCD Peloponnesos 947.3 (same obv. die); BCD Peloponnesos II 2870 (this coin). VF, rough brown surfaces, scratches. Rare. ($200) Ex BCD Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 81, 20 May 2009), lot 2870 (hammer of $610).

194

652.

652b 652c 652a Lot of three (3) coins. ($200) 652a PONTUS, Amisus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (24mm, 11.04 g, 7h). A K Π Λ OVAΛЄPIANOC, laureate and draped bust right / [AM]ICOY ЄΛ-Є-[Y]ΘЄP, Hermes standing left, holding purse and caduceus. RG 149. VF, brown patina.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 20 (10 October 2006), lot 191.

652b PONTUS, Neocaesarea. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26mm, 9.14 g, 6h). Dated CY 192 (AD 255/6). AV K ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / NЄOKAICAP, ЄT PЧB (date) in exergue, lion walking left. RG 68. VF, brown surfaces, roughness. Very rare.

Ex I. Vecchi 7 (6 October 1997), lot 1596.

652c PONTUS, Neocaesarea. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 8.47 g, 6h). Dated CY 199 (AD 262/3).

AVT KAI Π O ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate and draped bust right / MHT NЄOK[AICAPIA], ЄT [P(coppa)Θ] (date) in exergue, tetrastyle temple viewed three-quarters left. RG 73; BMC 17; Lindgren III 145. VF, green-brown patina, some scratches.

Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1996.

653 654 653.

PONTUS, Heracleopolis (as Sebastopolis). Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27mm, 13.89 g, 11h). Dated CY 266 (AD 264/5). [AVT K]AI ΠO ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CЄBACTO [HPAKΛЄOΠO], naked Herakles standing right, strangling Nemean lion; across field, ЄT monogram and Ξ[I]/C (date). RG 24; SNG von Aulock 137.

VF, earthen green patina. ($100) Ex I. Vecchi 14 (5 February 1999), lot 858.

654.

PAPHLAGONIA, Sinope. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27.5mm, 8.57 g, 7h). Dated CY 340 (AD 270/1?). IMP C GA[LLIENV]S AVP Γ, laureate and draped bust right / C I F S ΛN CCC-X-V (date), Serapis reclining left on couch, holding eagle and scepter. Cf. RG 169 (CY 339); BMC –; SNG Cop –; SNG von Aulock –. Fine, green-brown surfaces. Extremely rare. ($200) Ex Mūnz Zentrum 159 (4 May 2011), lot 303.

According to RG, the issues for years 339 and 340 would date to after the death of Gallienus in AD 268.

195

655.

655a

655b

655c Lot of four (4) coins.

655d

($200)

655a BITHYNIA, Apamea. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25.5mm, 8.47 g, 1h). AP (sic) C[AES P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [C]OL IVL C-O-NC AV[G APAM], D-D across field, Serapis standing facing, head left, raising right hand and holding long vertical scepter; altar on left. RG 113 var.

(IMP CAES. on obv.). VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 282.

Lindgren Plate Coin 655b BITHYNIA, Claudiopolis (as Bithynium). Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 9.94 g, 7.5h). ΠOV ΛIK · ΓAΛΛHNOC C, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / BIΘVNIEΩ-N AΔPIAN-ΩN, Zeus seated left, holding patera and scepter. RG 72; SNG von Aulock 343; BMC 20; Lindgren III 173 (this coin). Good VF, green patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 35 (20 September 1995), lot 1075; Dr. Henry Clay Lindgren Collection. Reportedly ex R.C. Lockett Collection.

655c BITHYNIA, Juliopolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (25mm, 8.27 g, 1h). ΠOV ΛIK OVAΛEPIANOC CEB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / IOVΛIO-Π-OΛEITΩN, Tyche seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia. RG –; Lindgren & Kovacs 127 (same dies). Near VF, earthen green patina.

Ex Berk BBS 130 (17 December 2002), lot 822.

655d BITHYNIA, Cius. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 6.45 g, 7h). ΠOY [Λ]I EΓ ΓAΛΛIHNOC CEB, radiate and draped bust right / [K]IANΩN, Herakles standing right, leaning on club set on rock; quiver on ground to left. RG 134; cf. BMC 48. Near VF, green and red patina, some roughness.

656.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 298.

656a

656b

656c Lot of four (4) coins.

656d

($200)

656a BITHYNIA, Nicaea. Valerian I, with Gallienus and Valerian II Caesar. AD 253-260. Æ (23.5mm, 7.9 g, 7h). Struck AD 256-258. AVT / OYAΛЄPI/ANOC ΓAΛΛI/HNOC OYAΛЄPI[A]/NOC KAIC above, CЄBB below, busts of Gallienus to right and Valerian I to left, with Valerian II to right between them / [MЄΓIC]TΩN API[CTΩN], NIKAIЄΩN in exergue, three prize urns containing palms. BMC 150; SNG von Aulock 721. Near VF, dark green patina.

Bought from Seaby, 1991.

196

656b BITHYNIA, Nicaea. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 9.89 g, 7h). [ΠOY] ΛI EΓ ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [NIKAI]EΩN, radiate figure standing left, holding vertical spear or scepter, facing figure standing right, holding vertical spear or scepter; a third (female?) figure standing left. RG 37; SNG von Aulock 722-3; cf. BMC 156 (for rev. for Salonina). Near VF, brown patina, some roughness and light scratches.

Ex Malloy XLII (22 March 1996), lot 364.

RG identifies the central figure as Gallienus, that on the left as Saloninus, and the draped figure of the right as either a priest or Salonina.

656c BITHYNIA, Nicaea. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21.5mm, 6.87 g, 1.5h). [ΠOY ΛI EΓ ΓAΛΛIHN CEB?], radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / NIKAIE/Ω[N] in exergue, Dionysos, seated on chariot drawn by four elephants, pouring from kantharos [and holding thyrsos]. Cf. RG 836; Lindgren & Kovacs A156B. Near VF, earthen green patina, edge irregularity.

Ex Malloy LXX (1 December 2003), lot 320.

656d BITHYNIA, Nicaea. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (25mm, 7.03 g, 7h). KOPNH CA-ΛΩNEI[NA], diademed and draped bust right / NIKAIEΩN in exergue, walled enclosure with gateway. Unpublished in the standard references. VF, green and brown patina. Evidently a rare type for Salonina.

Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 2730.

Rare Provincial Issue for Macrianus

657.

BITHYNIA, Nicaea. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Æ Octassarion (24.5mm, 6.84 g, 1h). In alliance with Byzantium. TI ΦOVA IOV MAKRIANOC CЄ-B, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / NIKAIЄΩN BV-ZAN[T]IΩN, OM/ON/OI/A in field, two conical wicker baskets, containing ears of corn; between them, at bottom, prize urn containing two palms. F&N 1435-7 (VsA/Rs40); RG 871; SNG von Aulock 734 (same dies). VF, brown patina, lightly smoothed on obverse.

Rare. ($150) Ex Glendining’s (9 October 1989), lot 765.

Rare Dynastic Issue

658.

BITHYNIA, Nicomedia. Valerian I, with Gallienus and Valerian II Caesar. AD 253-260. Æ (25mm, 9.13 g, 1.5h).

Struck AD 256-258. AVT OVAΛEPIANOC ΓAΛΛHNOC OVAΛEPIANOC ·/ KAICA/ BB-B, radiate busts of Valerian I and Gallienus face to face; below and between them, bust of Valerian II to right / NIKOM-HΔEΩ, TPIC NEOKO/PΩN in exergue, two temples, with serpent and altar between; above, another temple with standing Demeter within. Cf. RG 408; cf.

SNG von Aulock 860; NAC 100, lot 1201 (same obv. die). Good VF, brown patina. Rare. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIV (20 March 1991), lot 587.

197

Price & Trell Plate Coin

659.

BITHYNIA, Prusias ad Hypium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 11.81 g, 1h). AY Π [ΛI GAΛΛI]HNOC CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΠPOY[CIЄΩN ΠP]OC YΠIΩ, ·H· in exergue, city gate flanked by two towers with domed roof; three arched doorways. Price & Trell 309, Fig. 505 (this coin, rev. illustrated); RG 78; SNG von Aulock 915. Good VF, green and brown patina, minor edge irregularity. Rare. ($300) Ex M&M Numismatics I (7 December 1997), lot 183; Auctiones AG 15 (18 December 1985), lot 267; Pierre Bastien Collection.

660.

660a Lot of two (2) coins.

660b

($150)

660a BITHYNIA, Prusa ad Olympum. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (21mm, 5.75 g, 6h). KOPN CAΛONINA C, diademed and draped bust right / ΠPOVC[A]/EΩN across upper field, OΛYMΠ[I]/A ΠYΘI[A] in exergue, two prize urns. RG 186. Near VF, brown surfaces. Very rare.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 135 (10 January 2007), lot 221.

660b BITHYNIA, Tium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (22mm, 6.83 g, 1h). Π Λ OVAΛEPIANO, laureate bust right / TIANΩN, Zeus seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. RG 170. Good VF, brown surfaces.

661.

Ex Helios 5 (25 June 2010), lot 642; Aufhäuser 9 (7 October 1992), lot 432.

661a 661b Lot of two (2) coins. ($150) 661a MYSIA, Adramyteum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (22mm, 6.03 g, 6h). Victoros, magistrate. AVT K ΓAΛΛHNO[..], laureate and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠ[I BI]KTOPOC AΔPAMY/TH/NΩN, Nike standing left, holding wreath and palm. Cf. SNG BN 80 (for rev. type). VF, brown surfaces, light roughness. Rare.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 460.

661b MYSIA, Adramyteum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (23mm, 6.09 g, 12h). Victoros, magistrate. AVT K ΓAΛΛHNO[C] AV, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [ЄΠI BIKT]-O-POC AΔPAMYT/H/NΩN, Nike standing left, holding wreath and palm. Cf. SNG BN 80 (for rev. type). VF, green patina, roughness. Rare.

Ex Numismatik Naumann 53 (7 May 2017), lot 424; Dr. P. Vogl Collection; Aufhäuser 8 (9 October 1991), lot 561.

198

662.

MYSIA, Cyzicus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25.5mm, 10.1 g, 7h). Aurelius Sostratos, strategos. AYT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, right hand raised, with sceptrer over left shoulder / CTPA [AYP CΩCTPA]TOY KVZIKH/NΩN, [NЄ]OKOPΩ in exergue, two flaming torches, each with snake coiled around; flaming altar between. Cf. SNG BN 881 (for type, different magistrate); Leu Web Auction 4, lot 487. VF, brown surfaces, some roughness. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

663.

No lot.

664.

MYSIA, Lampsacus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 3.53 g, 5h). AVT Π Λ ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΛAN-ΨAKHNΩ, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. SNG BN –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –. Good VF, dark brown patina. Rare. ($100) Ex Kovacs XII (30 November 1995), lot 179.

665.

665a Lot of two (2) coins.

665b

($150)

665a MYSIA, Parium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (30mm, 10.33 g, 6h). IMP LIC CΛIIИVS Λ, laureate head righ / C G I H P in exergue, she-wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus. Cf. SNG BN 1529-30; Falghera 2604 (same obv. die). VF, dark green patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

665b MYSIA, Parium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27mm, 9.06 g, 7h). IΛΛRI[..]INNCY, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PARI[..]IIY, C G I H in exergue, she-wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus.

Cf. SNG BN 1529-30. VF, green and brown patina, edge irregularity.

Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (October 1994), no. 302.

666.

MYSIA, Parium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26.5mm, 8.36 g, 12h). C GALLIENVS, laureate and draped bust right / C G H P I in exergue, two-storeyed triumphal arch, with large central gateway and smaller side gateways; above, biga of elephants on podium, flanked by two standing figures. SNG BN 1535. VF, green and red-brown patina. ($100) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 11 (7 November 2002), lot 56.

199

667.

MYSIA, Pergamum. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (28.5mm, 9.94 g, 6h). Aurelius Damas, magistrate. KOP · CAΛΩNЄINA · CЄ, diademed and draped bust right / ЄΠI C · AVP · ΔAM-A · ΠЄPΓAMHNΩ N · ΠPOTON · Γ NЄΩK, Hygeia standing right, feeding serpent from patera. SNG BN 2304 var. (slightly different rev. legend). VF, brown surfaces.

Rare. ($100) Ex Athena 3 (15 May 1990), lot 502.

668 669 668.

MYSIA, Pergamum. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ (21mm, 5.73 g, 12h). Π · K · CA · OVAΛЄPIANOC · KA, bust draped, head bare, right / ΠЄPΓAMHNΩN · Γ · NЄΩ/KOPΩN, Homonoia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia.

SNG BN 2307 (attributed to Valerian II). VF, brown patina. Very rare, only one other specimen in CoinArchives. ($150) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 559.

669.

TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (22mm, 4.42 g, 12h). IMP LICIN VALERIAN, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL A-V-GO TRO, Tyche standing left, holding Nike and standard. Bellinger A431. Near EF, brown patina. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 46 (24 June 1998), lot 831.

670a

670c 670.

670b

670d

Lot of five (5) coins.

670e ($200)

670a TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (21mm, 4.54 g, 12h). IMP LIC VALERIANVS A[VG], laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL AVG TRO, eagle standing facing, head right, wings spread, on bull’s head. Bellinger A441. Good VF, brown patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Review XX.2 Supplement (Second Quarter, 1995), no. 504.

670b TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (20.5mm, 4.99 g, 6h). IMP LICINI VALERIAN[V], laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL AV[G], TRO in exergue, horse grazing to right beneath tree. Bellinger A437. VF, brown patina.

Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (October 1994), no. 307.

670c TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (20mm, 6.94 g, 5.5h). IMP LICIN GALLIENV, laureate and draped bust right / COL A[VG], TRO in exergue, horse grazing to right; herdsman standing behind, holding pedum. Bellinger A454. VF, green patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

200

670d TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 4.79 g, 12h). IMP LICIN GALLIEN, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL AVGO TROAD, Marsyas standing right, right hand raised, wineskin over left shoulder. Bellinger A460. VF, earthen brown patina.

Ex Galata FPL (March 1986), no. 147.

670e TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 5.67 g, 1h). IMP LICIN GALLI[ENV], laureate and draped bust right / COL AVG TRO, eagle flying right, holding bull’s head. Bellinger A456. Good VF, earthen green patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XX (25 March 1992), lot 431.

671.

TROAS, Alexandria Troas. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 11.65 g, 6h). [IMP LICIN GALLIEN?], laureate and cuirassed bust right / TROAS, turreted bust of Tyche to right; vexillum inscribed AV/CO behind head. Bellinger A466.

VF, green patina. ($100) Ex I. Vecchi 12 (5 June 1998), lot 1088.

Impressive Ilium Medallion Hector Charges into Battle

672.

TROAS, Ilium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Medallion (37.5mm, 24.45 g, 12h). AV K ΓAΛ-ΛIHNOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / EKTΩ-P, IΛIEΩN across lower field, Helmeted Hector in biga galloping left, holding spear and shield in left hand, about to hurl stone with right. Bellinger T293; BMC –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –; Cornell 103. Near EF, green-brown patina. Very rare, with a particularly bold and impressive reverse. ($4000) Ex Lanz 114 (26 May 2003), lot 689.

201

673.

TROAS, Ilium. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (21mm, 6.77 g, 12h). CAΛΩNINA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right / IΛIEΩN, helmeted bust of Athena right. Bellinger T294; SNG Cop. 443. Good VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from Lennox Gallery, 1996.

674.

674a

674b

Lot of two (2) coins.

674a AEOLIS, Cyme. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 4.55 g, 12h). · A ·K · ΠO · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / KVMAIΩN, naked male figure standing facing, head right, holding globe and bridle of horse. Cf. SNG Copenhagen 162; Lindgren III 326. VF, green patina.

Ex Peus 338 (27 April 1994), lot 720.

Lindgren Plate Coin 674b AEOLIS, Cyme. Valerian II, with Salonina. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ (20mm, 3.67 g, 7h). KOP OVAΛЄPIANOC, K CAΛΩN/INA in exergue, bareheaded and draped bust of Valerian II to right, facing diademed bust of Salonina to left / ЄΠ ЄΛΠIΔHΘOPOV·/·KVMAI, Dionysos standing left, holding kantharos and thyrsos and resting on column; panther at his feet. SNG Copenhagen 163; Lindgren III A326a (this coin). Fine, green and red-brown patina.

Ex Dr. Henry Clay Lindgren Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 37, 20 March 1996), lot 1053.

($150)

Unpublished Mytilene Medallion

675.

LESBOS, Mytilene. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ Medallion (46mm, 37.28 g, 6h). Valerius Aristomachos, strategos. · · AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · BAΛЄPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠI CTP · B-A-Λ· APICTO/MA/ XOV, [M]VTIΛHN/[A]IΩN in exergue, Asklepios seated left on throne, holding patera and scepter and feeding snake coiling upwards on left. Unpublished in the standard references. VF, green patina, adjustment marks, a hint of smoothing. Extremely rare. ($2000) Ex LHS 100 (23 April 2007), lot 544.

202

676 677 676.

LESBOS, Mytilene. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (32mm, 17.29 g, 12h). In alliance with Pergamum. Valerius Aristomachos, strategos. AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · OVAΛЄPIANOC, laureate and cuirassed bust left, holding shield / ЄΠI CTPA APIC-T-OMAXOV, MVTIΛHNAIΩ/ KAI ΠЄPΓA/MHNΩN in exergue, Asklepios standing right, holding serpent staff, facing Mytilene seated left, holding patera. F&N 1323 (VsA/Rs7) = von Aulock, “Kleinasiatische Mūnzstätten,” JNG XIX (1969), pl. 8, 8 = Mabbott 1461 (this coin). Near VF, rough brown surfaces, corrosion on obverse, a few minor scratches on reverse. One of only two cited by Franke and Nollé. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 51 (15 September 1999), lot 809; Thomas Olive Mabbott Collection (Part I, H. Schulman, 6 June 1969), lot 1461.

677.

IONIA, Clazomenae. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27mm, 7.63 g, 6h). Aurelius Dionysios, strategos. A· K· Π ·ΛI · OVAΛЄPIANOC ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CT · AV ΔIONVCIOV · KΛAZO/MЄNIΩN ·, helmeted soldier standing facing, head left, holding spear and shield. BMC 135. VF, dark green patina. Rare. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 7 (6 October 1997), lot 1598.

678.

IONIA, Clazomenae. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27mm, 8.17 g, 6h). Aurelius Dionysios, strategos. · A· K· Π ·ΛI · OVAΛЄPIANOC ·,, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CT · AV · ΔIONVCIOV · KΛA/ZOMЄ/NIΩN ·, cult statue of Cybele standing facing, between two lions. BMC 136. Good VF, green patina. Rare. ($300) Ex Jacquier 37 (7 September 2012), lot 427 (hammer of €600).

The Poet Homer

679.

IONIA, Colophon. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 6.8 g, 6.5h). Publius Aelius Severinus, strategos. AVT K ΠO ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNO[C], laureate and draped bust right / Є(ΠI) CTP ΠO AI CЄBЄPЄINOV KOΛOΦΩNIΩN, Homer seated right, holding open scroll. Milne, Kolophon 271. VF, earthen green patina. ($200) Bought from Frank L. Kovacs, per VCoins website, 2007.

203

680a

680.

680b Lot of three (3) coins.

680c

($300)

680a IONIA, Ephesus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26.5mm, 7.24 g, 7h). AVT K ΠO ΛIKI ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate and draped bust right / EΦECIΩN Δ [NEOK]OPΩN, Artemis standing right, holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver; hound at her side. Karwiese 1089. Good VF, green and red-brown patina, smoothing.

Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

680b IONIA, Ephesus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27.5mm, 8.09 g, 6.5h). Struck AD 253-268. AVT · K · ΠO · ΛIKIN · ΓAΛΛIHNOC ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / EΦ-ECIΩN · Γ · NEO, KOPON in exergue, Androklos facing right, wielding spear at boar standing left; hound at his side. Karwiese 1136 (this coin cited). VF, brown patina, some roughness. Very rare.

Ex Marcel Burstein Collection (Peus 366, 25 October 2000), lot 636; G. Hirsch 171 (25 September 1991), lot 1273.

680c IONIA, Ephesus. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (29mm, 9.26 g, 6h). · CAΛΩN · XPVCOΓONH · CЄBA ·, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / EΦECIΩN Γ N-EΩ-KOPON, Artemis standing facing, head right, raising right hand and holding bow; tree behind her, hound at her side. Karwiese 1184 (this coin cited and illustrated). VF, brown patina, light roughness. Rare.

Ex “Bavarian Collection” (Numismatic Fine Arts XXXI, 18 March 1993), lot 1141.

On this coin Salonina is given the title “Chrysogone” (begotten of gold). For a discussion of this, and of Salonina’s ancestry, see Bray (1997), pp. 30-31.

681.

IONIA, Ephesus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 7.6 g, 6h). In alliance with Pergamum. AVT K ΠO ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate and cuirassed bust right / EΦECIΩN Π-EP-ΓANHNΩN, OMONOI/A in exergue, on left, cult statue of Artemis with stag at feet; on right, Asklepios standing facing, head left, holding serpent-entwined staff. F&N 336-9 (VsA/ Rs2). VF, brown patina. Rare. ($150) Bought from David Miller, 1998.

204

682.

IONIA, Erythrae. Time of Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 6.87 g, 6h). Aelius Paullus Diongenianus, strategos. · ЄPYΘPAIΩN ··, veiled bust of Demeter Horia to left, holding grain ears and cornucopia / · ЄΠ · CT · AIΛ · ΠA · ΔIOΓЄN/ IANOV · (TO) · B ·, Herakles walking right, brandishing club and holding lion-skin. BMC 244 (same obv. die); SNG Copenhagen 752 (same obv. die). Good VF, green-brown patina. ($150) Ex Berk BBS 131 (2 April 2003), lot 540.

683 684 683.

IONIA, Metropolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (32mm, 16.39 g, 6h). AVT · K · ΠO · ΛIKIN · OVAΛEPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / E(ΠI) · CTP · AVP · · EVΠOP(OV) B ·, MHTPOΠOΛ/·ЄITΩN in exergue, tetrastyle temple, within which is cult statue of Ares holding spear and shield. BMC –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –; Mionnet IV, p. 339, 835 (Metropolis in Phrygia). VF, green-brown surfaces. Rare. ($200) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen AG 81 (18 September 1995), lot 502; Waddell I (9 December 1982), lot 208.

684.

IONIA, Metropolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (25mm, 10.9 g, 6h). Valerianus Nikias, strategos. AVT K ΠOΠ ΛIKI OVAΛEPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠ CT · OVA · NЄIKIA ΠP [T]O [B] MHTPO, ΠOΛЄITΩ/N in exergue, emperor standing right, holding spear or scepter, clasping hands with Tyche, standing left, holding scepter. BMC –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen 935. Near VF, earthen green-brown patina, some roughness. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 2827.

685

686

685.

IONIA, Smyrna. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (23.5mm, 6.92 g, 6.5h). Marcus Aurelius Sextus, strategos. AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CMYPNAIΩN · Γ NЄΩK · ЄΠ C/ · CЄ/Ξ-C-TOV, Roma seated left, holding small temple and scepter; shield beneath seat. Klose 57 (Vs11/Rs40); SNG von Aulock 8011 (same dies); SNG Copenhagen 1407 (same dies). Good VF, green-brown patina. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1995.

686.

IONIA, Smyrna. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 9.53 g, 6h). Marcus Aurelius Sextus, strategos. AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CMYPNAIΩN · [Γ] NЄΩK ЄΠ C/ CЄ-Ξ-CTOV, Cybele seated left, holding patera, left arm on tympanum. Klose 17 (Vs4/Rs13); SNG Hunterian 1644-5 (same dies). Good VF, green patina, reverse double struck. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVI.2 (Second Quarter, 1991), no 173.

205

The Poet Anakreon

687.

IONIA, Teos. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ (20.5mm, 4.44 g, 7h). ΠO ΛIK · OVAΛЄPIANOC, barheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / THIΩN · ЄIΩNΩN, the poet Anakreon seated right, holding lyre. BMC 87; SNG Copenhagen 1536; Lindgren & Kovacs A580A. VF, green and brown patina. ($150) Ex Münzen und Medaillen AG 81 (18 September 1995), lot 508.

688 689 688.

ISLANDS OFF IONIA, Samos. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27.5mm, 12.93 g, 6h). AVP T K ΠO ΛIKI OVAΛCPIANOC, laureate and draped bust right / CA-MI/ΩN, tetrastyle temple of Hera, with cult statue inside. BMC 370; SNG Copenhagen 1796; Price & Trell 370. Good VF, brown surfaces. ($150) Ex I. Vecchi 7 (6 October 1997), lot 1599.

689.

CARIA, Antiochia ad Maeandrum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (34mm, 17.75 g, 6h). Aphrodisias, archon. AV [K ΠO] ΓAΛΛIHNO, radiate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, with spear and shield / [ЄΠI] AP·X · AΦPOΔICIOY · ANTIOXЄΩN, bridge of six arches spanning the River Maeander, with gateway on left, on which stork is perched; river-god reclining on parapet; figure on right crossing bridge. SNG von Aulock 2431. Good Fine, rough brown surfaces. ($100) Bought from C.J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1992.

690.

LYDIA, Aphrodisias. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27mm, 11.11 g, 12h). AY KAI ΠO ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left / AΦ-P-O-ΔI-CIЄΩN, tetrastyle temple, with central arch containing cult statue of Aphrodite to left.

MacDonald Type 224 (O267/R497). VF, green-brown surfaces, pitted on obverse. Rare with Aphrodite to left. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXVII (29 September 1993), lot 1217.

691.

LYDIA, Aphrodisias. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (31.5mm, 16.67 g, 6h). Publius Anton. Kelsos, magistrate. AY KAI ΠO ΓAΛΛ-IHNOC, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield; shield decorated with horseman trampling on fallen enemy / ЄΠI · NЄO · ΠV ANT KЄΛCOV IΠΠI, AΦPOΔICIЄΩN in exergue, emperor on horseback to right, raising right arm. MacDonald Type 221 (O259/R474); SNG von Aulock 2471 (same dies). Good VF, green-brown surfaces, some roughness on reverse. Extremely rare, only two cited by MacDonald, both in public collections (the von Aulock coin now in the British Museum, the other in the Bibliothèque Nationale). ($200) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 13 (9 October 2003), lot 405 (hammer of €660).

206

692.

LYDIA, Aphrodisias. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 9.07 g, 6h). AV KAI ΠO ΛI ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / A-Φ-POΔ/CЄIΩN, emperor on horseback to left. MacDonald Type 225 (O263/R519); BMC 141 (same dies). Good VF, green-brown patina. ($150) Ex Kovacs XIII (3 June 1998), lot 161.

693 694 693.

LYDIA, Attuda. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 10.45 g, 7h). AV K ΛI ΠO ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ATTOV-[ΔЄ]ΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. BMC 36 var. (arrangement of rev. legend). VF, green-brown patina, rough surfaces. ($100) Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (Autumn 1994), no. 335.

694.

LYDIA, Bargasa. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28.5mm, 14.27 g, 6h). Aurelius Ermonos, magistrate. AV K ΛI ΠO ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [AV ЄP]-MωNOC BAPΓACH/NON, emperor on horseback to right. BMC 3-4; SNG von Aulock 2512. Near VF, rough green-brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Berk BBS 123 (23 October 2001), lot 816.

695.

695a Lot of two (2) coins.

695b

($150)

695a LYDIA, Tabae. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (29.5mm, 10.30 g, 6h). Jason, magistrate. AV KAI ΠO ΛI ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; B in right field / APX IACONOC CIΛBOY TABH/NΩN, Tyche standing facing, head left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopi. BMC 96 var. (arrangement of rev. legend).

VF, red-brown patina.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 13 (9 October 2003), lot 462.

695b LYDIA, Tabae. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (22mm, 4.93 g, 7h). IOYAI KOP [CAΛω]NIN[A], diademed and draped bust right on crescent; B in left field / TABH-N[Ω]N, Poseidon standing right, left foot on prow, left arm resting on trident; dolphin in left field. BMC 109. VF, green and red-brown patina.

Bought from Coincraft, 1990.

207

697 696 696.

LYDIA, Bagis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (37mm, 24.87 g, 6h). In alliance with Temenothyrae. AV · KA · ΠO · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate and cuirassed bust right / KAICAPЄΩN · BAΓHNΩN · [TH]MЄNOΘY/PЄΩN, OMOMOIA in exergue, Mên standing right, left foot on bucranium, holding scepter and pine-cone, facing Tyche, standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. F&N 112 (VsA/Rs6); BMC 54-6 (same dies). VF, green patina, rough surfaces. ($250) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

697.

LYDIA, Daldis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (22.5mm, 6.15 g, 6h). Pius, magistrate. AVT K Π ΛI ΓAΛΛIH[NOC], laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠ · ΠЄIOV ΔAΛΔIANΩN, Artemis running right, head turned back, holding bow; behind her, hound running left. BMC 20. VF, brown and green surfaces. ($100) Ex Helios 5 (25 June 2010), lot 784.

698a

698.

698b Lot of three (3) coins.

698c

($200)

698a LYDIA, Gordus-Julia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 4.87 g, 6h). Phoibos, magistrate. [AVT K Π] ΛI ΓAΛΛIHNO, laureate and draped bust right / ЄΠ · ΦOIBOV · IOVΛ ΓOPΔHNΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. BMC 48. Near VF, green patina, some roughness.

Ex Naville Numismatics 16 (12 July 2015), lot 341.

698b LYDIA, Hypaepa. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (28mm, 7.98 g, 6h). Kandianos, strategos.

CAΛΩN · XPVCOΓONE · CЄB ·, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / · VΠAIΠHNO[N] · EΠI CTP/ KONΔIANOV, cult statue of Artemis Anaitis facing. BMC 71. VF, brown surfaces.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1991.

On this coin Salonina is given the title “Chrysogone” (begotten of gold). For a discussion of this, and of Salonina’s ancestry, see Bray (1997), pp. 30-31.

698c LYDIA, Magnesia ad Sipylum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 7.8 g, 6h). Aurelius Fronto, strategos. ΛIKIN ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [ЄΠI] CTP AVP [Φ]PONTΩNOC, [M]AΓNHT/ ON CI in exergue, prize urn with two palm branches; inscription [ЄNMONIΔЄA] on urn. BMC 95; SNG Mūnchen 295 (same obv. die). VF, dark green patina, rough surfaces.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 780.

208

699.

699a Lot of two (2) coins.

699b

($150)

699a LYDIA, Mostene. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 7.15 g, 6h). Aurelius Zeuxidos Plautiades, strategos. ΛIKIN ΓAΛΛIHNOC ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠ C[TP AVP ZЄVΞIΔOC] ΠΛO/ VT/ IAΔ-OV, MOCTH in exergue, radiate deity on horseback to right, with double axe over his shoulder; altar and cypress tree on right. Cf. BMC 15-6. VF, earthen green patina.

Ex Schenk-Behrens 72 (6 December 1996), lot 568.

699b LYDIA, Nysa. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21.5mm, 4.04 g, 6h). ΠO ΛIKINN ΓAΛΛIHNOC K, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / NYCAЄΩN, Dionysos standing facing, head left, holding kantharos and thyrsos; panther at his feet. BMC 77; SNG Mūnchen 393. VF, green and red-brown patina.

Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 798.

700 701 700.

LYDIA, Saitta. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (27mm, 7.91 g, 6h). Syllas, archon. KOP · CAΛΩNЄINA · CЄB, diademed and draped bust right / ЄΠ · CYΛΛA APX · A · CA, ITTHNΩ/N in exergue, tetrastyle temple, within which stands Aphrodite facing. BMC 75; Lindgren & Kovacs A796A. VF, brown patina. ($150) 701.

LYDIA, Stratonicaea-Hadrianopolis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (35mm, 17.70 g, 5h). Aurelius Faustus Bacchius, magistrate. AVTOK · Π [ ] ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC · CЄB ·, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Є · AVP ΦAVCTOV BAKXIOV AΔPIA/NOΠO-ΛЄI-TΩN, CTPATONI/KЄΩN in exergue, Asklepios standing right, resting on serpent-staff, facing Homonoia, standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. BMC 15 var. (arrangement of rev. legend). Near VF, rough brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 15 (21 October 2004), lot 863.

702 703 702.

LYDIA, Thyateira. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (35mm, 15.97 g, 6h). Octavius Artemidoros, magistrate. AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄΠ · OKTA · APTЄMIΔΩPO/V, ΘYATЄIPH/ ·NΩN· in exergue, Apollo Tyrimnaeos, holding laurel branch and double axe, standing left before cult statue of Ephesian Artemis facing.

BMC 141. VF, brown patina, roughness. Rare. ($150) Ex Marcel Burstein Collection (Peus 366, 25 October 2000), lot 742.

703.

LYDIA, Thyateira. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ (17.5mm, 2.32 g, 6h). · K · OVAΛЄPIANOC, bareheaded and draped bust right / ΘYATЄI-P-HNΩN, Apollo standing facing, head left, holding branch and double axe. BMC –; SNG Turkey 5, 493. VF, earthen brown patina. ($100) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 34 (9 August 2015), lot 708 (hammer of €350).

209

704.

LYDIA, Tralles. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (35mm, 16.80 g, 6h). Publius Claudius Menippos, magistrate. AYT K ΠO ΛIKINIOC BAΛЄPIANOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TPAΛΛIANΩ-N/ KЄNT, Є(ΠI) (ΓP) (ΠO) KΛ MЄNIΠΠOV, Helios in quadriga to left, raising right hand and holding reins and whip in left. BMC –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –. VF, green patina. Possibly unpublished. ($400) Ex Numismatik Naumann 55 (2 July 2017), lot 486 (hammer of €1000).

705.

705a

705b

Lot of three (3) coins.

705c

($250)

705a LYDIA, Tralles. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (29mm, 9.97 g, 6h). Aul. Tan. Corinthos, magistrate. AVT K ΠO ΛIKINNIOC BAΛEPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Є(ΠI) (ΓP) AVΛ TAN K[OPI]NΘOV TPAΛΛI/ANΩN, Athena standing facing, head left, holding shield and spear. BMC 183. VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Emporium Hamburg 50 (13 November 2003), lot 644.

705b LYDIA, Tralles. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 4.25 g, 6h). [ΠO ΛIKIN] ΓAΛΛIHNOC K, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TPAΛΛ-IANΩN, prize urn inscribed [ΠVΘ]IA, containing two palm branches. BMC 204; SNG von Aulock 8289. VF, brown surfaces, some roughness. A scarcer issue commemorating the Pythian Games.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum (14 April 1993), lot 799.

705c LYDIA, Sardis. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (27mm, 8.06 g, 7h). Rufus, magistrate. CAΛΩN [XPV]COΓONH C, diademed and draped bust right / ЄΠ POYΦOY · AC-IAP · CAPΔIAN[ΩN]/ · Γ · NЄ-ΩKOP ·, cult statue of Kore facing. BMC 208. VFNear VF, rough brown patina.

Ex Naville Numismatics 16 (12 July 2015), lot 350.

On this coin Salonina is given the title “Chrysogone” (begotten of gold). For a discussion of this, and of Salonina’s ancestry, see Bray (1997), pp. 30-31.

Enlargement of Lot 706 210

The Pythian Games

706.

LYDIA, Tripolis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (34.5mm, 17.85 g, 6h). AV K ΠO ΛIKIN · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TPIΠO-ΛITЄITΩN, wreath, within which is ΛH/TωЄIA/ ΠVΘI/A. SNG von Aulock 3326 (same dies); SNG Copenhagen 754 (same dies). Good VF, brown surfaces, flan flaw on reverse. A pleasing Pythian Games issue. ($500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 57 (4 April 2001), lot 814.

707.

LYDIA, Tripolis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (33mm, 16.17 g, 6h). AV · K · Π · ΛI · ΓAΛΛIHNO/C, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TP-I-ΠO-ΛЄIT/TΩN, tetrastyle temple, in which is Leto walking left, head turned back, holding her children, Artemis and Apollo. BMC 77; SNG Copenhagen 753; SNG von Aulock 3327. VF, brown surfaces, roughness. ($150) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 34 (9 August 2015), lot 713.

708.

708a Lot of two (2) coins.

708b

($150)

708a PHRYGIA, Acmoneia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (27mm, 13.18 g, 5h). AVT K ΠOV ΛIK ΓAΛIHNOC, laureate and draped bust right / AKMO-NЄΩN, Dionysos standing left, holding kantharos and scepter; panther at his feet. BMC 112. VF, brown patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 603.

708b PHRYGIA, Acmoneia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 18.17 g, 6h). [AVT] · K · ΠOV · ΛIK · ΓAΛIHNOC, laureate and draped bust right / AKMON-ЄΩN, bearded Herakles (of the so-called ‘Farnese’ type) standing right, resting on club. BMC 113 var. (Herakles to left). Near VF, brown surfaces, some roughness and light scratches.

Ex Glendining’s (1 June 1989), lot 227.

From the same obverse die as the previous coin.

211

709 710 709.

PHRYGIA, Aezanis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 15.88 g, 6h). AVT · K · ΠO[V] · ΛIK · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AIZA-N-ЄITΩN, Zeus standing left, holding eagle and scepter. BMC 132. VF, dark green patina. ($100) Ex Roma IV (29 September 2012), lot 2548.

Rare Mythological Type 710.

PHRYGIA, Apameia. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (37mm, 24.11 g, 6h). Proclianus Tryphonos, panegyriarch. AVT K ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANO CЄBACTOC, laureate bust right, wearing full aegis with gorgoneion / ΠAPA ΠPOKΛIANOV TP[YΦΩNOC], AΠAMεΩN in exergue, Adrasteia running right, looking back, holding infant Zeus; around her, the three Kuretes, holding spears and shields. BMC –; SNG von Aulock 3514. VF, dark green patina, rough surfaces. Very rare. ($300) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 30 (5 April 2015), lot 358 (hammer of €850).

For an explanation of this reverse type, see the introductory section entitled ‘The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii’.

Bellerophon Slaying the Chimaera

711.

PHRYGIA, Apameia. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (37mm, 24.44 g, 5.5h). Ael. Apollinarios, panegyriarch. AVT · K · ΠO · ΛIK · OVAΛЄPIANO CЄBACTOC, laureate bust right, wearing full aegis with gorgoneion / ΠAP AIΛ ΑΠΟΛINAPIOV · AΠAMЄΩN, Bellerophon riding to right on Pegasus, spearing chimaera below. Unpublished in the standard references.

Good VF, green and brown patina. ($1000) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 58 (19 September 2001), lot 940.

712.

PHRYGIA, Cadi. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (29mm, 13.77 g, 6h). AVT · K · ΠOV · ΛIK ΓAΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / KAΔO-HNωN, prize urn containing two palm branches, inscribed AVΓOVCTIA. BMC 51.

VF, green patina. Rare. ($200) Ex Numismatik Naumann 53 (7 May 2017), lot 519; Lanz 144 (24 November 2008), lot 648.

212

713a 713.

713b

Lot of two (2) coins.

($150)

713a PHRYGIA, Cotiaeum. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (24mm, 6.29 g, 7h). P. Ael. Demetrianos, archon.

AVT K Π ΛIK OYAΛEPIANO, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / EΠ Π AIΛ ΔHMHTPIANOY IΠΠ, AP/X in upper field, KOTIAEΩ/N in exergue, Hygieia and Asklepios standing face-toface, with Telesphoros between them. BMC 94 var. (slightly different legends); SNG von Aulock 3790. VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XII (26 September 1990), lot 610.

713b PHRYGIA, Cotiaeum. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (25mm, 7.03 g, 1h). AVT K Π ΛIK OVAΛEPIANON, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / EΠI Π AI ΔHMTP-IANOV IΠ, APX in upper field, KOTIAEΩN in exergue, Cybele seated left on biga of lions. BMC 91 var. (slightly different rev. legend); SNG von Aulock 3792 var. (slightly different legends). Good VF, brown patina.

Ex Gitbud & Naumann 35 (6 September 2015), lot 475.

714.

PHRYGIA, Eumeneia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (38.5mm, 29.22 g, 12h). AV K ΠO · ΛIKIN · ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / A-XAI-ΩN, ЄVMЄNЄΩN in exergue, tetrastyle temple containing cult statue of Ephesian Artemis. SNG von Aulock 3598 (same dies); cf. Price & Trell 395, Fig. 423 (for same type for Philip). VF, brown surfaces, adjustment marks. Rare. ($400) Ex Kovacs XIII (3 June 1998), lot 167.

715 716 715.

PHRYGIA, Hierapolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (30mm, 12.27 g, 6h). In alliance with Smyrna. AV · K · ΠOV · ΛIK · OVA/ΛЄPIANOC, laureate and cuirassed bust right, with balteus and gorgoneion / [IЄP]AΠOΛITΩ [K ZMYPVЄΩN] NЄΩKOPΩN, OMOMYA in exergue, Serapis standing right, holding scepter, clasping hands with Nemesis, standing left, holding cubit-rule, with wheel at her feet; lighted altar between them. BMC 83; Lindgren III 597. VF, brown surfaces, pierced. ($100) Ex Pecunem/Gitbud & Naumann 31 (3 January 2015), lot 382.

716.

PHRYGIA, Cibyra. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (31mm, 20.95 g, 12h). AV KAICAP ΓAΛΛIHNOC, laureate and cuirassed bust right / KI-BY across field, PATΩ[N] in exergue, hexastyle Ionic temple approached by three steps; eagle on architrave. BMC 91; W. Weiser, “Ein Fund Kaiserlicher Aes-Mūnzen aus Kibyra in Phrygien,” Epigraphica Anatolica 4 (1984), p. 115, 17 (this coin, illustrated on plate 13). Good VF, brown surfaces. ($150) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 11 (7 November 2002), lot 95; Münz Zentrum 54 (26 March 1985), lot 269.

213

717.

PHRYGIA, Prymnessus. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (28mm, 11.54 g, 7h). KOP CA-ΛΩNIN-A C/ЄB, draped bust right / ΠP-VMNH-CCЄΩN, Dikaiosyne seated left, holding scales in right hand, corn-ears and poppy in left.

BMC 38. Near EF, green patina. ($200) Bought from Manton Associates, 1992.

718 719 718.

PHRYGIA, Synnada. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (28.5mm, 10.08 g, 7h). KO-[P] CAΛΩNINA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right / CYNNA[Δ-ЄΩN IΩ]NΩN, Amaltheia standing right, resting on scepter and holding infant Zeus; goat at her side. SNG Copenhagen 735 var. (arrangement of legends). VF, green and red patina. ($100) Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CVI.5 (June 1998), no. 3539.

For an explanation of the reverse type, see the introductory section entitled “The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii. “

719.

PHRYGIA, Synnada. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (26mm, 6.87 g, 7h). KO CAΛΩNINA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right / CYNNAΔ-ЄΩN IΩNΩN, Amaltheia standing right, resting on scepter and holding infant Zeus; goat at her side. SNG Copenhagen 735 var. (arrangement of rev. legend). VF, pale green patina, earthen deposits. ($100) Ex Gorny & Mosch 160 (9 October 2007), lot 1944.

For an explanation of the reverse type, see the introductory section entitled “The Amalthean goat and the cult of Jupiter at Falerii. “

720 721 720.

PHRYGIA, Temenothyrae. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ (23mm, 5.05 g, 6h). K ΠO KOP BA[Λ] ЄPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / KΛЄOBOVΛOC THMЄNOΘYPЄVC-I-N, Herakles standing facing, head left, holding lion skin and leaning on club. SNG von Aulock 748. VF, brown patina. Rare. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3012.

721.

PAMPHYLIA, Aspendus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (30mm, 15.35 g, 1h). AVT KAI ΠO · ΛI · ΓAΛΛIHNO CЄB ·, laureate and draped bust right; I in right field / ACΠЄ-NΔIΩN, triune Hekate holding serpents.

Unpublished in the standard references for Gallienus, but see Helios 5, lot 985 for another example. Near VF, rough brown surfaces. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXV (24 March 1993), lot 846.

214

723 722 722.

PAMPHYLIA, Attalia. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ 11 Assaria (31mm, 14.95 g, 12h). ΠOV ΛIK K OVA[ΛЄPI]ANON, laureate and draped bust right; IA in right field / IЄPOC/ ATTAΛЄΩN/ OΛYMΠA/ OIKOVMЄ/ NIKOC in five lines within wreath. SNG BN 293 (same dies); SNG von Aulock 4633 (same dies). Good Fine, porous brown surfaces. Very rare. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXIX (30 April 1994), lot 958.

723.

PAMPHYLIA, Magydus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (30.5mm, 18.55 g, 8h). AVT KAI ΠO ΛI ΓAΛΛIH[N] O CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, set on globe / MAΓV-ΔЄΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia; I/M-A across field. BMC 9; SNG von Aulock 4645. VF, brown surfaces, scrape at obverse edge. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVI.3 (Third Quarter, 1991), no. 179.

724 725 724.

PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (31mm, 13.2 g, 1.5h). AVT K ΛI ΠO A-I (sic) ΓAΛΛIHNO CЄB, laureate and draped bust right; I in right field / ΠЄPΓ-AIΩN, Hephaistos seated right, forging the shield of Achilles. SNG BN 566 (same obv. die); BMC 77. Good VF, rough brown surfaces. Rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXV (24 March 1993), lot 847.

Lindgren & Kovacs Plate Coin 725.

PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29.5mm, 13.35 g, 7h). AVT K ΛI ΠO AI (sic) ΓAΛΛIHNO [CЄB], laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I in right field / Π-ЄPΓAIΩN, NЄΩKOPΩN in exergue, Athena standing right, holding spear and shield and crowning Artemis standing right, holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver; hound at Artemis’ side. SNG Paris 553 (same dies); Lindgren & Kovacs 1140 (this coin). VF, brown surfaces, roughness. ($200) Ex Berk BBS 130 (December 2002), lot 827; Marcel Burstein Collection (Peus 366, 29 October 2000), lot 834; Dr. Henry Clay Lindgren Collection.

Artemis was the patron deity of Perga, whilst Athena was the patron deity of Perga’s rival city, Side in Pamphylia. This interesting type seems to serve as a declaration of Perga’s superiority.

726.

PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (31mm, 16.07 g, 7h). AVT KAI ΠO ΛI ΓAΛΛIHNO CЄB, laureate and draped bust right; I in right field / ΠЄ-PΓAV · C APTЄMIΔOC, Artemis in biga of stags to right; ACV/ ΛOV below. SNG BN 575 var. (arrangement of rev. legend); BMC –. VF, earthen green patina. ($200) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3085.

215

728 727 727.

PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Gallienus, with Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (30mm, 17.17 g, 12h). [AVT] · K · Π · Λ · ΓAΛΛIHNON C KO[PNHΛIAN]/ CAΛ[ΩNI]/NAN, diademed and draped bust of Salonina to right, facing radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Gallienus to left ; I between / Π[Є]PΓHI NЄΩ[K]OPOC, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia; A in left field. Rare and possibly unpublished. VF, pitted brown surfaces, silvering on obverse. ($150) Ex Jacquier FPL 16 (Autumn 1994), no. 356.

728.

PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29mm, 16.48 g, 1h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNINA C[ЄB]A, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; I in right field / ΠЄPΓAIAC APTЄMIΔO-C, cult statue of Artemis Pergaia in distyle temple; altar to either side; above, star on left, crescent on right; A/ACVΛOV on architrave. SNG BN 584; SNG von Aulock 4741. VF, green-brown surfaces, roughness. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVI.3 (Third Quarter, 1991), lot 184.

729a

729.

729b

729c

Lot of three (3) coins.

($200)

729a PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 10 Assaria (32mm, 23.29 g, 1h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNINA CЄBA, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; I in right field / [ΠЄP]Γ-AIΩN, Hermes and Herakles walking left, holding caduceus and club respectively; standard between. SNG BN 590; BMC 92; SNG von Aulock 4743. VF, green patina, some roughness.

Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3093.

729b PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29mm, 13.12 g, 6h). [KOP] NHΛIA CAΛΩNINA CЄBA, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; I in right field / ΠЄPΓ-AIΩN, Pan standing left, holding flute and pedum. Cf. SNG BN 591 (Pan seated); BMC –; SNG von Aulock 4749. VF, green patina, rough in areas.

Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3092.

729c PAMPHYLIA, Perge. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ 10 Assaria (31mm, 16.19 g, 1h). ΠO ΛIK · CAΛΩN OVAΛЄPIANO [CЄB], laureate and draped bust right, supported by eagle; I in right field / IЄPA/ ΛAMΠPA/ ЄNΔOΞOC/ NЄΩKOPOC / ΠЄPΓH / ΠPΩTH in six lines within wreath. SNG BN –; Lindgren & Kovacs 1153. VF, green patina, some roughness. Very rare.

Ex Marcel Burstein Collection (Peus 366, 25 October 2000), lot 838.

216

730

731

730.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29mm, 18.96 g, 6h). AVT KAI ΠOV ΛI ЄΓN ΓAΛΛIHNO [CЄB], radiate and cuirassed bust right; I in right field / CIΔHTΩN N-ЄΩKOPΩN, Dionysos standing left, holding thyrsos and kantharos. SNG BN 891; BMC 108; Lindgren & Kovacs 1170. VF, brown patina, some roughness and deposits. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXV (24 March 1993), lot 848.

731.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29mm, 20.14 g, 7h). AVT · KAI · ΠOY · ΛI · ЄΓN · ΓAΛΛIHNOC [CЄBA], radiate and cuirassed bust right; I in right field / ΠPΩTA ΠA-MΦYΛΩN, CIΔ/H/TΩN below table and in exergue, table on which is set a prize urn containing two palm branches. SNG BN 880 var. (obv. legend); BMC –; SNG von Aulock –. VF, brown patina. ($100) Ex Athena 3 (15 May 1990), lot 495.

Lindgren Plate Coin

732.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (29mm, 15.16 g, 1h). AVT KAI ΠOV ΛI ЄΓNA ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄ, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I in right field, arrow below bust / CIΔH-TΩN, NЄ/ΩKO/PΩN in field and exergue, Athena standing left, holding reversed spear and reaching out to tree on left. SNG BN –; Lindgren III 668 (this coin). VF, green patina, rough in areas. ($100) Ex Dr. Henry Clay Lindgren Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 35, 20 September 1995), lot 1106.

733

734

733.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (31mm, 23.27 g, 1h). AVT KAI ΠOV ΛI ЄΓN ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I in right field / CIΔHTΩN NЄΩKOPΩN, Athena standing facing, head right, leaning on spear and holding thunderbolt, with shield at side; to left, pomegranate on branch. SNG BN –; SNG von Aulock 8547. VF, brown patina. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3131.

734.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 11 Assaria (30.5mm, 14.49 g, 6h). AVT K ΛI ΠO AI (sic) ΓAΛΛIHNO CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right, supported by eagle; [IA] in right field; c/m: Є within circular incuse / CIΔHTΩN NЄΩKOPΩN, diademed and draped bust of Tyche right; pomegranate on branch below. SNG BN 922; cf. SNG von Aulock 4843; for: c/m: Howgego 805a. Near VF, brown surfaces, roughness. ($100) Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 450.

217

735 736 735.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 10 Assaria (30mm, 19.85 g, 7h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNIN-A CЄ, diademed and draped bust right; I in right field / CIΔHTΩN ANЄΩKOPΩN, NAVAP/XIC in exergue, three warships; that at top has four oarsmen and a standard; the other two each have two oarsmen and a sail. SNG BN –; BMC –; SNG von Aulock 4858. VF, green-brown surfaces, some roughness. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

736.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (30mm, 15.29 g, 7h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNI[N]A CЄBA, diademed and draped bust right; star above head, I[A] in right field; c/m: Є within circular incuse / CIΔHTΩN NЄΩKOPΩN, Apollo Sidetes standing facing, holding scepter topped with pomegranate and leaning on short column. SNG BN 938; SNG Copenhagen 430; for c/m: Howgego 805a. VF, green and brown patina. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

737.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (30.5mm, 15.28 g, 1h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNINA CЄBA, diademed and draped bust right; star above head, [IA] in right field; c/m: Є within circular incuse / CIΔHTΩN NЄΩKOPΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae. SNG BN –; BMC –; cf. SNG von Aulock 4860 (for rev.). VF, earthen green patina. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3919.

738 739 738.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 5 Assaria (32mm, 8.49 g, 1h). In alliance with Aspendus.

AVT KAI ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANON CЄB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; Є in right field / [CI]ΔHTΩN ACΠЄNΔIΩN, [O]MONOIA in exergue, Athena of Side standing right, holding spear, facing Tyche of Aspendos standing left, holding cornucopia. F&N 1904 (VsA/Rs1) = SNG BN 877 (same dies). VF, green patina, central hole. ($100) Ex Mūnz Zentrum 135 (10 January 2007), lot 270.

739.

PAMPHYLIA, Side. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 5 Assaria (30.5mm, 14.48 g, 7h). In alliance with Attaleia. AVT K ΛI ΠO ΛI [ΓAΛ]ΛIHNO CЄ, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; Є in right field / CIΔHTΩN ATTAΛ[ЄΩN], OMOMOIA in exergue, Athena standing right, resting on spear, facing winged Nemesis standing left, with wheel at her feet; altar between them. F&N 1919-21 (VsA/Rs2); cf. SNG BN 928; SNG von Aulock 8549 (same dies). Near VF, rough brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3143.

218

Sillyium Medallic 10 Assaria

740.

PAMPHYLIA, Sillyum. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Medallic Æ 10 Assaria (39.5mm, 38.90 g, 7h). AV KAI ΠO ΛI OVAΛЄPIAN-O-N ЄV, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I in right field / CIΛ-ΛV-ЄΩN, Mên on horseback to left. SNG BN 1011 (same dies); Falghera 2527 (same dies; Valerian I). Good VF, green patina, traces of grayish base metal wash on obverse. Very rare. ($1500) Bought from David Miller, 2005. Ex Triton IV (5 December 2000), lot 365.

While this coin has the mark of value of 10 assaria, it is considerably larger and heavier than others of the same denomination, and was probably not intended to circulate.

741 742 741.

PAMPHYLIA, Sillyum. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ 10 Assaria (33mm, 17.28 g, 1h). ΠOV · ΛIK · KOP · OVAΛЄPIAN[O]N, laureate and draped bust right, supported by [eagle]; I in right field / CIΛ-ΛV-ЄΩN, Zeus seated left, holding Nike and scepter. SNG BN –; BMC–-; SNG Copenhagen 451; Lindgren III 677. VF, rough brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3156.

742.

PAMPHYLIA, Sillyum. Gallienus, with Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ 10 Assaria (32mm, 20.74 g, 1h). AV[ K Π]OV · ΛI · ΓAΛΛIHNO[N], KOPNHΛ[IA?]/[C]AΛ[..] in exergue, laureate and draped bust of Gallienus left, facing diademed and draped bust of Salonina right; I between them; c/m: K within circular border / CIΛΛ-VЄ[Ω]N, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and scepter. Apparently unpublished, but see SNG von Aulock 4890 for same obverse die and 4892 for reverse type; for c/m: Howgego 672. Near VF, brown surfaces, some roughness. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 613.

743.

PAMPHYLIA, Sillyum. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ 10 Assaria (33mm, 19.23 g, 1h). ΠO ΛIK CAΛΩN[..], laureate and draped bust right; I in right field / [C]IΛΛ-ЄVΩN, bust of Mên to right on crescent, wearing Phrygian cap. SNG France 1010 (same obv. die). VF, dark brown and green patina, edge irregularity. Very rare. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 53 (15 March 2000), lot 1116.

219

744 745 744.

PAMPHYLIA, Sillyum. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Æ 10 Assaria (33.5mm, 18.64 g, 12h). ΠOV · ΛIK · KOP · OVAΛЄPIAN, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, supported by eagle; I in right field / CI-ΛΛVЄ-ΩN, Mên on horseback to left. SNG BN –; BMC –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –; Imhoof-Blumer KM 21. VF, brown patina, some minor roughness. Extremely rare. ($200) Ex Dr. George Spradling Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 349, 22 April 2015), lot 284; VAuctions 248 (24 June 2010), lot 21.

Mên was a local moon god – hence the crescent at his shoulders.

745.

PISIDIA, Adada. Salonina, with Valerian II Caesar. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (28mm, 18.85 g, 6h). Struck AD 256-258. KOP[..], diademed and draped bust of Salonina right, facing bareheaded and draped bust of Valerian II right / A[ΔAΔ-Є-Ω]N, triform figure of Hekate standing, holding serpents and torches; H to lower right. Apparently unpublished, but for others see: Gorny & Mosch 160, lot 1953; Hauck & Aufhäuser 21, lot 469. VF, black patina. Extremely rare. ($300) Ex J.S. Wagner Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 79, 17 September 2008), lot 620.

746.

746b

746a Lot of two (2) coins.

($100)

746a PISIDIA, Antiochia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (21mm, 5.08 g, 7h). IMP CAES P ΛICCΛIN GALLIENO (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ANTIO-O-CHI C, S R (R reversed) in exergue, aquila between two standards. Kryzanowska dies III/–. Good VF, brown patina.

Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 808 (March 1986), no. D40.

Blundered legends are normal for these issues (BMC p. 198).

746b PISIDIA, Antiochia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 14.19 g, 12h). IMP CA GALIHNVS PIVS (sic), radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ANTIOCHI COL, S R in exergue, she-wolf suckling Romulus and Remus.

Kryzanowska dies XVII/41. Near VF, earthen black patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

747.

PISIDIA, Antiochia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (31mm, 22.36 g, 6.5h). IMP CAES P LIC GALLIENO P F FL AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ANTIOCHI COLONIA, S R across lower field, emperor standing facing, holding vexillum; two standards on left, one on right. Kryzanowska –; SNG BN –; CNG E-290, lot 263. Fine, rough brown surfaces. Extremely rare type. ($100) Ex Galata FPL (October 1989), no. 166; reportedly ex Robert Hecht Collection.

220

749 748 748.

PISIDIA, Antiochia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 14.82 g, 7h). IMP C[A]ES P LIC GAIIIO P AVG (sic), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL CAE-S [A]NTIOCH, two cornucopiae sumounted by heads of Valerian II and Saloninus; grain ears or palm branches between. Krzyzanowska VIII/31 (unlisted die combination). VF, dark green and brown patina. Rare dynastic type. ($100) Ex Garth R. Drewry Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 111, 30 March 2005), lot 74; Berk BBS 121 (10 July 2001), lot 688.

749.

PISIDIA, Apollonia-Mordiaeum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (40mm, 26.78 g, 6h). AYT K Π Λ[I] ΓAΛΛIHN, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AΠOΛ-[ΛΩ]-NI-ATΩN, [ΛVΘPKO] in exergue, emperor standing left, holding spear, within octastyle temple. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 162 = SNG BN 1365 (same dies). VF, reddish-brown patina, obverse die break, weakly struck reverse. ($200) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

750.

PISIDIA, Cremna. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (33mm, 15.79 g, 6h). IMP · CAЄS · P · LICIN · VALЄRIANO P F AOG · (sic), laureate and draped bust right / DIVO AVG, COL CRE in exergue, Augustus as founder ploughing right with two zebus. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 1518 = SNG von Aulock 5115 (same dies). EF, golden brown surfaces, a few light scratches.

Rare. ($500) Ex Marian A. Sinton Collection (Triton III, 30 November 1999), lot 777; Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3217.

751.

PISIDIA, Etenna. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (30mm, 19.39 g, 12.5h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNINA CЄBA, diademed and draped bust right; IA in right field / ЄTЄ-N-ЄΩN, on left, nymph walking right, head left, holding coiled serpent; on right, male figure standing facing, right hand on head; at his feet, ram standing left. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 679-80 =SNG BN 1561-62 (same dies). VF, rough green patina. Rare. ($200) Ex W.F. Stoecklin Collection (Obolos 9, 25 March 2018), lot 420, acquired prior to 1975.

221

752

753

753

752.

PISIDIA, Isinda. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (24mm, 10.06 g, 6h). AK · ΠΛ · OVAΛЄPIΛNON CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ICIN-ΔЄΩN, mother-goddess seated right, holding child on her knee; serpent to left. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 940 = SNG BN 1622 (same dies). Near VF, earthen green patina. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3235.

Published by von Aulock 753.

PISIDIA, Codrula. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (18.5mm, 4.09 g, 12h). [..] ΓAΛΛIHNON CE, laureate and draped bust right / KOΔPO-VΛE[ΩN], Nike advancing left, holding wreath. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 1034 (this coin). Near VF, rough brown surfaces. Extremely rare and seemingly unique. ($100) Ex Gorny & Mosch 126 (14 October 2003), lot 1935; G. Plankenhorn Collection.

This coins shares the same reverse die with an issue of Trajan Decius (von Aulock 1029).

Second Known?

754.

PISIDIA, Codrula. Gallienus, with Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ 6 Assaria (33mm, 18.16 g, 5h). AV · KAI · ΠO ΓAΛΛIHNON · KOP · CA-ΛONINAN ·, laureate and draped bust of Gallienus right, facing diademed and draped bust of Salonina left, set on crescent; denominational mark between them / KOΔPO-VΛЄΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 1035 (same obv. die). VF, dark green patina. Extremely rare, possibly the second known. ($300) Ex Garth R. Drewry Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 69, 8 June 2005), lot 1046, purchased from A.H. Baldwin, June 1978.

755.

PISIDIA, Conana. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (32mm, 13.04 g, 5.5h). AYT · K · ΠO ·ΛIK · [ΓAΛ]ΛIHNOC CЄB · , laureate bust right / KONANЄ-Ω-N, Herakles walking right, drawing bow; club resting against leg. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 862 = SNG von Aulock 5072 (same obv. die). Good VF, dark brown patina, earthen highlights. ($200) Ex Gorny & Mosch 126 (14 October 2003), lot 1943; Mūller 75 (17 September 1993), lot 236.

222

756.

PISIDIA, Conana. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 9 Assaria (36.5mm, 19.41 g, 6h). AYT · K · ΠO ·ΛIK · ΓA[ΛΛ] IHNO · CЄB ·, laureate bust right / KONANЄ-ωN, Zeus standing left, holding patera and scepter; eagle at his feet, Θ in left field. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 842 = SNG von Aulock 5073 (same obv. die). VF, brown patina, light roughness. ($200) Ex Giessener Münzhandlung 87 (2 March 1998), lot 377.

757 758 757.

PISIDIA, Pednelissus. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (23mm, 6.76 g, 12h). KOP CAΛΩNINAN, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / ΠЄT[N]HΛICCЄ[ΩN], Zeus Aetophoros seated left. Von Aulock, Pisidiens 1248. Near VF, red and green patina. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 631.

758.

PISIDIA, Prostanna. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (25.5mm, 5.95 g, 12h). AVT K ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΠPOCTA-NNЄΩN, Sarapis standing left, raising right hand and holding scepter. Von Aulock, Pisidiens1832 = Weber 7406 (same obv. die). VF, dark brown patina. Very rare, only three cited by von Aulock. ($100) Ex Kölner Münzkabinett Electronic Auction 107 (7 October 2017), lot 321.

759.

759a Lot of two (2) coins.

759b

($150)

759a PISIDIA, Sagalassus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 9.21 g, 7h). A K Π Λ OV ΓAΛΛIHN[..], laureate and draped bust right / CA[ΓAΛACCЄ]/Ω-N, altars of the Dioscuri, crowned by stars and separated by column with ornate capital. Lindgren III 720c. VF, earthen green patina. Rare.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1994.

759b PISIDIA, Sagalassus. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 6 Assaria (30mm, 10.61 g, 12h). CЄ · CAΛΩ·NЄINA, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; ς in right field / CAΓAΛ-A-C-CЄΩN, Nike advancing right, holding trophy and wreath. Possibly unpublished, but see SNG von Aulock 5201 for obverse die. VF, green and brown patina, light roughness.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 633.

223

760

761

760.

LYCAONIA, Iconium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (31.5mm, 13.97 g, 12.5h). IMP C P LIC VALERIHNVS (sic) P F AVG, radiate and draped bust right / ICONIENSIVM CO, S R in exergue, founder of the city ploughing with two oxen to right; two standards behind. Von Aulock, Lykaoniens 349. Good VF, earthen green patina, scratches on reverse. ($150) Ex Kovacs MBS XIII (3 June 1998), lot 177.

761.

LYCAONIA, Iconium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (22mm, 7.92 g, 1h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENV Γ P F Λ, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ICONIEN COLO, S R in field, Perseus standing facing, head left, holding head of Gorgon and harpa.

Von Aulock, Lykaoniens 428-9 = BMC 15-6 (same dies). Good VF, green patina. ($100) Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVI.3 (April 1988), no. 1914.

762.

762a Lot of two (2) coins.

762b

($100)

762a LYCAONIA, Iconium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (22mm, 5.98 g, 7h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENV Γ P F Λ, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ICONIEN COLO, S R in exergue, Tyche seated left, holding rudder and cornucopia; wheel beneath seat. Von Aulock, Lykaoniens 455 = BMC 17 (same dies). VF, green patina.

Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVIII.1 (First Quarter, 1993), no. 359.

762b LYCAONIA, Iconium. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (22mm, 7.27 g, 12h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENV Γ P F Λ, radiate and cuirassed bust right / ICONIENSIVM COL, S R in exergu, she-wolf to right, suckling Romulus and Remus. Von Aulock, Lykaoniens 392-6 (same dies); SNG von Aulock 8650 (same obv. die). VF, green-brown patina.

763.

Bought from C.J. Martin, 1989.

763a Lot of two (2) coins.

763b

($300)

763a CILICIA, Adana. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (32mm, 16.16 g, 6.5h). AV KAI ΠOV ΛIK O-VAΛЄPIANOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / AΔPIANωN A-ΔANЄωN, Zeus seated left, holding patera and scepter. SNG BN 1890; SNG Levante 1236. VF, earthen black patina.

Bought from David Miller, 1996.

763b CILICIA, Adana. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (34.5mm, 16.67 g, 6h). AV KAI ΠOV ΛIK O-VAΛЄPIANOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / AΔPIANωN A-ΔANЄωN, Zeus seated left, holding patera and scepter. SNG BN 1890; SNG Levante 1236. VF, brown surfaces, some roughness.

Ex Marcel Burstein Collection (Peus 366, 25 October 2000), lot 930.

224

764.

CILICIA, Aegeae. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (32mm, 23.46 g, 6h). Dated CY 303 (AD 256/7).

KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNЄINA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right on crescent / AIΓAIωN NЄωK NA-V [T] (date), emperor on horseback to right. SNG BN –; SNG Levante 1804. VF, green and brown patina, light roughness. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3280.

765 766 765.

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 6 Assaria (30mm, 17.66 g, 6h). AVT · K · Π · ΛIK · OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AVT K OVAΛЄRIANOC ANAZAPB, AVT ΓAΛΛI/ HNOC in exergue, Valerian I and Gallienus seated left on curule chairs; betwee, BO/C; A/M K across field. Ziegler 832 (Vs1/ Rs2); SNG BN 2164 (same dies); SNG Levante 1514 (same obv. die). VF, earthen green patina. ($150) Bought from Athena, München, 1992.

766.

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 4 Assaria (26mm, 14.42 g, 6h). Dated CY 272 (AD 253/4). AVT K Π ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ANAZ-APBOV, ЄT BOC (date)/ · A · [M] · K in exergue, Dionysos reclining left on lion or panther lying to right; Γ in high left field; Γ in low right field. Ziegler 827 (Vs2/ Rs2); SNG BN 2157 (same dies); SNG Levante –; BMC 41 (same dies). VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1994.

767.

767a Lot of two (2) coins.

767b

($150)

767a CILICIA, Anazarbus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 3 Assaria (23mm, 10.01 g, 1h). Dated CY 272 (AD 253/4). [A]VT K OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, laureate bust right / [ANA]ZAPBOV ЄT BOC (date), bust of Selene right on crescent; Γ/Γ in left field, A/K/M in right field. Ziegler 819 (Vs3/Rs12); SNG BN –; SNG Levante –; SNG Pfalz 3234 (same dies). Good VF, brown patina.

Ex G. Hirsch 177 (10 February 1993), lot 1249.

767b CILICIA, Anazarbus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 8.98 g, 6h). Dated CY 272 (AD 253/4). AVT K ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄBA, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ANAZAPBOV MHT ЄT BOC (date), bust of Selene right on crescent; Γ/Γ in left field, A/K/M in right field. Ziegler 823 (Vs4/Rs10); SNG BN 2165-6 (same dies); SNG Levante –; SNG von Aulock 5516 (same dies). VF, brown surfaces.

Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CII.5 (June 1994), no. 3888.

225

768 769 768.

CILICIA, Anemurium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (31mm, 11.55 g, 6h). Dated RY 2 (AD 254/5). AVT K ΠO ΛI OVAΛЄPIANO, laureate and draped bust right / ЄT B (date) ANЄ-MOVPЄωN, mummiform statue of Artemis facing, holding branch in each hand; stag to left, doe or hound to right. Cf. SNG BN 714-5 (same type but RY 1); SNG Levante 513 (same dies). Near VF, green patina. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XII (26 September 1990), lot 626.

From the Levante Collection 769.

CILICIA, Anemurium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26.5mm, 9.89 g, 7h). AVT K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANON, laureate and draped bust right / ANЄIMO-VPIЄωN, ЄT Γ in exergue, tetrastyle temple within which is Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. SNG BN 719 (same dies); SNG Levante 517 (this coin). Good VF, green-brown patina. ($150) Bought from Fritz Rudolf Kūnker, 2004. Ex Edoardo Levante Collection.

770 771 770.

CILICIA, Antiochia ad Cragum. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (29mm, 9.88 g, 6h). [A]V · K · Π Λ OVAΛЄPIAИO-И, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AИTIOXωИ THC ΠAPAΛIOV, eagle standing facing, head left, on wreath. SNG Levante 478 (same obv. die); SNG von Aulock 5530 (same rev. die). VF, red-brown patina. ($100) Ex M&M Numismatics I (7 December 1997), lot 227.

771.

CILICIA, Augusta. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (31mm, 20.12 g, 12h). AV KAI ΠOV ΛIK OV-AΛЄPIANOC CЄB, radiate and cuirassed bust right / AVΓOVC-TANωN Є [ΔΛ]C, emperor on horseback to left, raising right hand and holding standard. F-B Karbach, “Die Mūnzprägung der Stadt Augusta in Kilikien,” JNG 40 (1990), no. 123 (same dies); SNG Levante –; SNG von Aulock –; SNG Copenhagen –. VF, green patina, some roughness. Rare. ($300) Ex Gorny & Mosch 118 (14 October 2002), lot 1783.

772.

CILICIA, Casae. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 11 Assaria (31mm, 13.8 g, 1.5h). AV KAI ΠO ΛI · OVAΛЄPIANON CЄBA ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; IA in right field / KA-CATΩN, Zeus seated right, holding reversed spear.

SNG BN 532 (same dies); SNG Levante 308 (same dies); Ziegler 21 (same dies); Lindgren & Kovacs 1465A (same dies).

Good VF, brown patina. ($150) Ex Mūnzen & Medaillen AG 81 (18 September 1995), lot 635.

226

773

774

773. CILICIA, Coropissus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (31mm, 13.07 g, 11h). AYTOKP KAICAPA ΠOV ΛI OYAΛЄPIANOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / KOPOΠЄICЄωN TIC KIHTωN (sic), Perseus standing left, clasping hands with Andromeda, standing right. SNG BN 775; SNG Levante. Good Fine, earthen green patina. Rare. ($100) Ex I. Vecchi 12 (5 June 1998), lot 1084.

From the Levante Collection 774.

CILICIA, Corycus. Salonina. AD 253-268. Æ (27mm, 13.37 g, 5h). KONNHΛ CAΛ[ΩNIN]/AN (sic), diademed and draped bust right / KΩPVKIΩ-TΩN AVT NA/VAP-XIC, Hermes standing facing, head left, holding purse and caduceus; ram at his feet. SNG BN 1129; SNG Levante 822 (this coin). VF, green-brown patina. ($100) Ex I. Vecchi 7 (6 October 1997), lot 1638; Edoardo Levante Collection; Münzen und Medaillen AG FPL 303 (August 1969), no. 41.

775 776 775.

ISLANDS off CILICIA, Elaeussa Sebaste. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (33mm, 15.19 g, 6h). AVT K Π Λ[IK OY] AΛЄPIANO C, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [CЄBACTH IЄPA] AV NAVAP-XIC, Zeus seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter; Π/C/P in left field, Δ/Є/T in right field. SNG BN –; SNG Levante –; SNG Leypold 2725. VF, black patina with earthen deposits. ($100) Ex Mūnz Zentrum 156 (1 September 2010), lot 340.

776.

CILICIA, Epiphanea. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (35.5mm, 23.97 g, 4h). Dated CY 322 (AD 354/5). AYT K · Π Λ · OYAΛЄPIANOC · CЄB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ЄT · BKT (date) ЄΠ[IΦA]NЄΩN, bust of Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath, with thyrsus over left shoulder. SNG BN –; SNG Levante –; SNG Righetti 1549 corr. (date read as CY 321). VF, earthen green patina. Rare. ($150) Ex Gorny & Mosch 122 (10 March 2003), lot 1818.

777.

CILICIA, Flaviopolis-Flavias. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (30.5mm, 19.69 g, 6h). Dated CY 181 (AD 253/4).

AYT · K · Π · ΛI · OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΦΛAOO-ΠOΛЄIT[ωN] ЄT, A- Π/P (date) across field, bust of Serapis right, wearing kalathos. SNG BN 2202; SNG Levante 1559 (this coin). VF, green patina, light earthen deposits. ($150) Ex Edoardo Levante Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 66, 13 May 2004), lot 1139; Sternberg XI (20 November 1981), lot 357.

227

778

779

778.

CILICIA, Flaviopolis-Flavias. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 10.18 g, 5h). Dated CY 181 (AD 253/4). [AV K ΓA]ΛΛIHNON CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΦΛAOVIOΠ – OΛЄ[ITΩN], Helios standing left, right hand raised, left holding whip; A/Π/P (P reversed) (date) in left field. SNG BN 2206 (same dies); SNG Levant Supp. 369 (same dies). VF, brown surfaces, some roughness. ($100) Ex Van der Dussen 24 (1 June 1995), lot 3367.

779.

CILICIA, Hierapolis-Castabala. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (29mm, 20.04 g, 1h). AVT K OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / IЄPOΠ K-A-CTABAΛЄΩ, naked youth running right, right hand raised; S in left field. SNG BN 2246 (same obv. die); cf. SNG Levante 1598 (youth to left, same obv. die). Near VF, dark green patina, light roughness. ($100) Ex Garth R. Drewry Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 111, 30 March 2005), lot 79; Coin Galleries (10 November 1999), lot 402.

From the Hans von Aulock Collection

780.

CILICIA, Iotape. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 8 Assaria (29mm, 11.18 g, 1h). AYT KAICAPA Π ΛIKINNION OV[AΛЄ]PIANO[N], laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; H in right field / IωTAΠ-ЄITωN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Levante, Iotape 30 = SNG Levante 454 (same obv. die); SNG France –; SNG von Aulock 5583 (this coin). VF, dark green patina. ($150) Ex Finarte 995 (26 November 1996), lot 1250; Auctiones AG 7 (7 June 1977), lot 413; Hans von Aulock Collection, 5583.

781 782 781.

CILICIA, Irenopolis-Neronias. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 8 Assaria (28mm, 16 g, 8h). Dated CY 204 (AD 255/6). AVT K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPANOC CЄ, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IPHNOΠ[O]-ΛЄITΩN ΔC (date), Hygeia and Asklepios standing facing, heads turned towards each other; H in exergue. Karbach 163-8; SNG BN 2275 (same dies). VF, green patina. ($100) Bought from David Miller, 1996.

782.

CILICIA, Irenopolis-Neronias. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26mm, 17.07 g, 1h). Dated CY 203 (AD 254/5). AVT K Π [ΛI OVAΛЄ]PIANOC, radiate and cuirassed bust right / IPHN[OΠO-ΛITΩN], Dionysos in biga of panthers facing; H in right field, ΓC (C retrograde, date) in exergue. Karbach 153; SNG BN 2271. VF, dark green patina. ($100) Bought from David Miller, 1995.

228

783 784 783.

CILICIA, Carallia. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 6 Assaria (28mm, 10.47 g, 12h). AVT K ΠOV [ΛI?] ΓAΛΛIHNON ЄV, laureate and draped bust right; ς in right field / KAPA-Λ-ΛIΩTΩN, Athena standing left, holding spear and shield in left hand, Nike in right. SNG BN –; Ziegler, Kilikiens 71 (this coin). Good Fine, porous brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Elsen 114 (15 September 2012), lot 420.

784.

CILICIA, Colybrassus. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ 11 Assaria (32.5mm, 19.72 g, 1h). ΠOV ΛIK KOP OVAΛЄPIANON KAI CЄB, bareheaded and draped bust right, supported by eagle; IA in right field / KOΛV-BPAC-CЄΩN, ΓV-MN/ACIAPXIA across lower field, large bowl on which are three single-handled vessels; palms flanking. SNG BN 560; SNG Levante –. Near VF, rough green patina. ($100) Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

785 786 785.

CILICIA, Coracesium. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 11 Assaria (32mm, 15.09 g, 12h). AYT KAI ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPANON C, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; IA in right field / KOPAKH–CIΩTΩN, Athena standing facing, head left, holding palm branch and casting voting stone into amphora at her feet. Levante, Korakesion 31 (same dies); SNG BN 625 (same dies). Near VF, red-brown patina. Rare. ($150) Ex J.-P. Righetti Collection (Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 19, 16 May 2006), lot 124.

From the Righetti Collection 786. CILICIA, Coracesium. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (33mm, 13.68 g, 12h).

KOPNHΛIAC CAΛΩИIИA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right; IA in right field / KOP-AKH-CIΩTΩN, Zeus standing facing, head left, holding patera and sceptr. Levante, Korakesion 46 (same dies); SNG BN 628 (same dies). Good VF, green patina. Rare. ($200) Ex J.-P. Righetti Collection (Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 19, 16 May 2006), lot 125.

787 788 787.

CILICIA, Laertes. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (31mm, 14.91 g, 12h). KOPNHΛIA CAΛΩNIN[..], diademed and draped bust right; IA in right field / ΛAЄP-T-ЄITΩN, Tyche seated left, holding Nike and cornucopia. SNG BN 608. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXV (20 September 1995), lot 1182.

788.

CILICIA, Laertes. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Æ 11 Assaria (29mm, 17.28 g, 6.5h). ΠOV ΛIK KOP OVAΛЄPIANON KAI CЄB, bareheaded and draped bust right; IA in right field / ΛAЄPT-ЄITΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Unpublished in the standard references. VF, green patina, light roughness. ($200) Ex I. Vecchi 7 (6 October 1997), lot 1643.

229

789 790 789.

CILICIA, Lamus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26mm, 9.17 g, 7.5h). AY K ΠO ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΛAM MHTP T-HC ΛAMω, Apollo standing left, holding arrow and bow. SNG BN –; SNG Levante 482. VF, green patina, encrustation on reverse. Very rare. ($100) Ex Mūnz Zentrum 130 (11 January 2006), lot 289.

790.

CILICIA, Lyrbe. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 12 Assaria (33mm, 18.14 g, 12h). · AV · K · ΠO · ΛI · OVAΛЄPIANO-C ·, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; IB in right field / ΛYPBЄ-I-TΩN, Apollo Sidetes standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter. SNG Levante 287. VF, dark brown patina, central flaw on each side. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 640.

Ex Levante Collection

791.

CILICIA, Mallus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (31mm, 16.69 g, 6h). IMP C LIC VALERIANVS PI FE AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / MALLO COLONIA, S C in exergue, Amphilochos standing facing, head left, holding laurel branch; at his feet, boar standing left; on right, tripod on base, encircled by serpent. SNG BN 1933 (same dies); SNG Levante 1298 (this coin). Good VF, brown patina, light roughness. ($300) Ex Edoardo Levante Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 64, 24 September 2003), lot 665.

Bridge Over the Pyramos River

792.

CILICIA, Mopsouestia-Mopsos. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (30mm, 13.99 g, 6.5h). Dated CY 323 (AD 255/6).

AVT K OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, radiate and bust right / ΑΔP MOψЄA-ΤΩN, ΠYPAMOC in exergue, the river-god Pyramos reclining on bridge spanning river; Δ-Ω-P-Є-A below arches, [ЄT/ ΓKT] (date) in field above. SNG BN 2998 (same dies); SNG Levante 1359. Good VF, brown patina. Fine style portrait. ($400) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXII (7 December 1994), lot 480.

230

793 794 793.

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (33mm, 17.27 g, 6h). AV · K · ΠO · ΛIK· O[VAΛЄPIANOΣ], radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CЄΛЄ/[VKЄΩN TΩN ΠP]OC KA[ΛK]/AΔ-N/Ω, laureate and draped bust of Apollo right, facing draped bust of Tyche left, wearing kalathos; laurel branch between them; cornucopia behind Tyche. SNG BN 1061-2 var. (arrangement of rev. legend); SNG Levante 786 var. (same). VF, green patina, rough in areas. ($100) Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CII.5 (June 1994), no. 3892.

794.

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (29mm, 7.64 g, 6h). AV K ΠO ΛIKIN ΓAΛΓIIIIIO/C (sic), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CЄΛЄVK[ЄΩ]N TΩN KA-Λ[Y] / KΔΩ (sic, male deity on horseback to right; altar on right. SNG BN –; SNG Levante Supp. 215; SNG Pfalz 1087 (same dies). VF, earthen green patina.

Very rare. ($100) Ex Gorny & Mosch 122 (10 March 2003), lot 1830.

Another specimen, from the same dies, formed lot 1131 in CNG 69 (8 June 2005), the catalogue note describing it as “possibly unique.”

795 796 795.

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 10.09 g, 7h). AV K Π Λ K ΓAΛΛIHN/ OC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / CЄ[ΛЄVKЄ]ΩN KA/ΛVK[A]/ΔN/[Ω], Athena standing right, holding shield and striking with spear at serpent-legged giant, who hurls stone. SNG BN 1064-6; SNG Levante 789. Good VF, brown surfaces, pit and some adjustment marks on reverse. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIV (20 March 1991), lot 418.

796.

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (30mm, 13.32 g, 6h). AV K ΠO ΛIKIN ΓAΛΛIHNON, radiate and cuirassed bust right / [CЄΛЄVK]ЄΩN T-ΩN ΠPOC [K]/AΛVKA-ΔNΩ, Nike standing left, holding wreath and palm. Cf. SNG BN 1069-71; cf. SNG Levante 787. VF, rough brown surfaces. ($100) Bought from Baldwin’s, 1992.

797.

CILICIA, Syedra. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 11 Assaria (32mm, 19.44 g, 12h). AYT KAI ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANON CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirtassed bust right; IA in right field / CVЄΔPЄΩN ΘЄMIC, two wrestlers grappling. SNG BN 661. VF, rough green patina. ($100) Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CIX.2 (April 2001), no. RM0190.

231

798 799 798.

CILICIA, Syedra. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ 11 Assaria (33.5mm, 18.23 g, 12h). AYT KAI ΠO ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄ-B, laureate, draped, and cuirtassed bust right; IA in right field / CVЄΔ-P-Є-ΩN, The Judgment of Ares: Ares standing between Dike and Hermes. SNG BN 663. VF, rough brown patina, flatly struck on obverse. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXII (2 September 1992), lot 644.

This reverse refers to the legend that Ares, the god of war, was summoned to appear before the gods, charged with the murder of Poseidon’s son, Halirrhothius, whose daughter, Alkippe, he was attempting to abduct. He was acquitted!

799.

CILICIA, Syedra. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ 11 Assaria (27mm, 13.98 g, 7h). KOPNHΛA CAΛΩNINA CЄB, diademed and draped bust right; IA in right field / CVЄ-ΔPЄΩN, Ares standing facing, head right, holding spear and shield. SNG BN 669. Good VF, earthen green patina. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XII (26 September 1990), lot 638.

800 801 800.

CILICIA, Tarsus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (30.5mm, 13.97 g, 6h). AV KAI ΠOV AI OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄ, Π-Π across field, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TAPCOV, MHTPOΠO/ΛЄΩC in exergue, seated Tyche and reclining river-god between standing figures of Herakles and Hermes; A-M-K/Γ/Γ scattered around field. SNG BN 1824 (same dies). VF, brown surfaces. ($100) Ex Glendining’s (1 June 1989), lot 227 (part of).

801.

CILICIA, Tarsus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (32mm, 17.93 g, 6h). AV KAI Π [H Γ] ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, Π-Π across field, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TAPCOV MHTPOΠOΛЄΩC A M K, Nike standing right, left foot on globe, holding shield inscribed ЄIC / AIΩNA / TOVC / KVPI / OVC; Γ left and right in lower field. SNG BN 1830-1 (same dies). VF, brown patina. ($100) Bought from David Miller, 1995.

802 803 802.

CILICIA, Tarsus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (31mm, 16/79 g, 7h). AV KAI Π H Γ ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, Π-Π across field, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / TAPCOV · MH-TPOΠOΛЄ-ΩC, Herakles standing right, leaning on club set on rock to right; A/M/K in left field, Γ/Γ in right. SNG BN –; SNG Levante –; SNG Levante Supp. 295 (same dies).

VF, green patina. Very rare. ($100) Ex Buckland Dix and Wood 2 (6 October 1993), lot 190.

803.

GALATIA, Ancyra. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (25mm, 14.8 g, 6.5h). ΠOVB ΛIK ΓA[ΛΛIHNOC CE], radiate and draped bust right / [MHT]POΠ [B N ANKY], PAC in exergue, façade of two temples, both seen in perspective. Arslan 210; Price & Trell 525, Fig. 449. Fine, brown surfaces. Rare. ($100) Ex Malloy XL (17 August 1995), lot 450.

232

804 805 804.

GALATIA, Ancyra. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ (27mm, 14.22 g, 1h). KOP CAΛΩ-NEINA CEB, diademed and draped bust right / MHTPOΠO · B N ANKYPAC, Cybele seated left, holding patera and resting left elbow on drum; lions to either side of throne. Unpublished in the standard references. VF, brown patina. ($150) Ex Berk BBS 130 (17 December 2002), lot 832.

805.

SELEUCIS and PIERIA, Antioch. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ 8 Assaria (29mm, 16.43 g, 12h). AVTOK K ΠOVB ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC CЄB, laureate and draped bust right / [ANTIOXЄΩ]N MHTPO KOΛΩN, tetrastyle shrine within which is city goddess seated facing on rock; river god Orontes swims at her feet; above shrine, ram and Δ-Є; S C in exergue.

McAlee 1194. Near VF, earthen green patina. ($100) Ex Helios 3 (29 April 2009), lot 720.

The Usurper Uranius Antoninus

806.

SELEUCIS and PIERIA, Emesa. Uranius Antoninus. Usurper, AD 253-254. BI Tetradrachm (27mm, 12.76 g, 12h). AVTOK K COVΛΠ ANTωNINOC CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΔHMAPX ЄΞOVCIAC, ЄMICA in exergue, eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, holding wreath in beak; S in left field, C in right. Prieur 1032; BMC Galatia 22; Baldus Pl. I, 4. VF, green deposits on reverse. Rare. ($1500) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 60 (22 May 2002), lot 1369.

807 808 807.

COELESYRIA, Damascus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26mm, 14.83 g, 1h). Struck AD 253-260. IMP CAES P LIC VALERIANVS [AVG], laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [COL] DAMA MET[RO], Hygeia standing facing, head right, feeding snake from patera; beside her, on right, Asklepios standing facing, head left, holding serpent-entwined staff. Rosenberger 60 (same dies). VF, dark green patina. ($100) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 20 (10 November 2006), lot 624.

808.

COELESYRIA, Heliopolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27mm, 17.38 g, 6.5h). IMP CAES P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL HEL in exergue, façades of the Temple of Jupiter, seen in perspective; agonistic crown above. Sawaya 647-9 (D100/R235). VF, earthen black patina. Scarce architectural type. ($100) Bought from C.J. Martin, 1990.

233

The Iselastic Games

809.

COELESYRIA, Heliopolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (28mm, 17.04 g, 6h). IMP CAES P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL IVL AVG FEL HEL, three prize urns; two palm branches in the middle one, one in each of the others; CERT SACR/ CAP OEC/ ISE HEL in three lines in exergue. Sawaya 801 (D111/R290).

VF, green patina. ($150) Bought from David Miller, 1994.

810 811 810.

COELESYRIA, Heliopolis. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (24mm, 10.05 g, 6h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / COL IVL AVG [FEL HEL], prize urn containing three palm branches, set on table. Sawaya 667-8 (D105/R245). VF, green-brown patina. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1996.

811.

COELESYRIA, Heliopolis. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (24mm, 7.87 g, 7h). IMP CAES · P LIC ·GALLIENVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right / COL AVG, HEL in exergue, bust of Tyche of Heliopolis seated facing on throne, with veil above, supported by two female figures. Sawaya 76 (D108/R278). VF, earthen black patina, cleaning scratches. ($100) Bought from C.J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1990.

812 813 812.

PHOENICIA, Berytus. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27mm, 12.22 g, 6h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COL IVL AVG FEL, BERV in exergue, lion walking right. Sawaya 2290 (D393/R882). Good Fine, earthen green patina. Rare type. ($100) Bought from David Miller, 2005.

813.

PHOENICIA, Berytus. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (26mm, 16.26 g, 1h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust left, viewed from rear / COL IVL AVG FEL, BER in exergue, Astarte standing facing, left foot on prow, holding long cruciform scepter and aphlaston, crowned by Nike standing left on column. Sawaya 2336 (D395/R900). Near VF, earthen green patina. ($100) Ex Elsen 72 (14 December 2002), lot 724.

234

814 815 814.

PHOENICIA, Ace-Ptolemais. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (28mm, 14.37 g, 12h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AV[G], radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / COL P[T]OL, sacred tree; on either side, altar from which serpent rises; caduceus in right field. Kadman 247. Near VF, brown patina, light roughness. ($100) Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CII.6 (July/August 1994), no. 4615.

815.

PHOENICIA, Ace-Ptolemais. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (26mm, 11.25 g, 12h). IMP C C LIC VA[..], laureate bust left with spear and shield / COL P-T-OL, winged Nemesis standing right, holding caduceus and wheel set on altar; sphinx at feet to left. Kadman –; Rosenberger 85. Good Fine, earthen black patina. Very rare, only one other on CoinArchives (= CNG E-335, lot 353, which hammered at $1000). ($200) Bought from David Miller, 2003.

816 817 816.

PHOENICIA, Tyre. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (27mm, 13.78 g, 12h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AV, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COL TY-RO MHTR, “Dido building Carthage”; Dido stands left, holding rule and scepter; on left, city-gate with builder at work and man digging below; star in field above, [murex shell] below. Cf. Rouvier 2051; BMC 470.

Fine, brown patina. ($100) Ex Kovacs XI (19 June 1993), lot 196.

817.

PHOENICIA, Tyre. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (30mm, 22.44 g, 12h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AV, radiate and cuirassed bust right / COL TY-RO MET, hexastyle temple, within which stands Astarte, holding scepter and tropaion, crowned by Nike, standing right on column; in exergue, murex shell, altar, and palm tree. Rouvier 2493 var. (slightly different legends); BMC 453 var. (same). Good VF, green patina. ($200) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen AG 81 (18 September 1995), lot 754.

818 819 818.

PHOENICIA, Tyre. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Æ (28mm, 16.89 g, 7h). IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / COENV PHOENICES, perspective view of the Temple of Melkarth; murex shell in exergue.

Rouvier 2509; BMC –. Good VF, brown surfaces. ($200) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 11 (7 November 2002), lot 182.

819.

PHOENICIA, Tyre. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (29mm, 17.57 g, 1h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AV, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / COL TYR-O MET, eagle standing facing on palm branch, head left, wreath in beak; behind, standard inscribed LEG/ III/ GAL; murex shell in right field. Rouvier –; BMC 492. VF, earthen black patina, slight obverse die shift. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 37 (20 March 1996), lot 1149.

235

820.

PHOENICIA, Tyre. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ (28mm, 33.31 g, 7h). IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / [COL T]Y-RO M-ET, male figure (Kadmos?) running right on prow, looking back and beckoning companions with right hand, holding spear in left hand; murex shell in left field. Rouvier –; BMC 489. Near VF, earthen green patina. A rare type. Struck on an unusually thick and heavy flan. ($300) Bought from David Miller, 2003.

This coin is struck on a blank some 6.5 mm thick, making it much like a modern “piedfort.”

Coins of Alexandria, Egypt By the middle of the third century AD the vast majority of the provincial coinage of Alexandria comprised tetradrachms (4-drachm pieces).

This denomination was nominally struck in billon (base silver), and in earlier times such coins had a silvery appearance and were larger than their later counterparts. By the accession of Valerian I and Gallienus, however, the proportion of silver in the alloy had declined to the extent that the coins appeared to be of bronze, although some at least seem to have been given a silver wash before they entered circulation (see lots 827, 828, 832, and 835). One-drachm coins seem to have been struck on only one occasion during this period. These had always been of copper alloy, and in earlier times must have been clearly of lower intrinsic value than the billon tetradrachms. By the mid third century, however, these larger coins must have had a greater intrinsic value than the tetradrachms circulating at four times their tariff. This presumably accounts for the virtual elimination of the drachms from the coinage. Those that were struck all bear the date letters LIB, for year 12 (AD 2645), and they must presumably have been produced only to mark a particular occasion. Thus they may perhaps be regarded more as medallions than coins. The five examples in this collection are catalogued before the sequence of tetradrachms.

822 821 821.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Drachm (29.5mm, 13.39 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/5). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right with wreath in its beak, wings closed; L IB (date) to right, palm frond to left. Köln 2926; Dattari (Savio) 5294-6; K&G 90.83; Emmett 3842.12 (R2). Near VF, dark green and brown patina with touches of red, roughness. ($200) Ex Numismatica Ars Classica E (4 April 1995), lot 3156.

822.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Drachm (31mm, 15.25 g, 11h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/5). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eirene standing facing, holding olive branch and transverse scepter; L IB (date) to left, palm frond to right. Köln 2927; Dattari (Savio) 5292 & 10549; K&G 90.84; Emmett 3843.12 (R3).

VF, brown surfaces with touches of green, a few light cleaning scratches. Very rare. ($300) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIV (20 March 1991), lot 541.

823.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Æ Drachm (27mm, 12.32 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/5). [AVT K Π] ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, holding double cornucopia; L IB (date) to left, palm frond to right. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5293; K&G 90.85; Emmett 3844.12 (R3). Near VF, dark brown patina with touches of green, flan flaw. Very rare. ($150) Ex Kerry K. Wetterstrom Collection (Classical Numismatic Auctions XII, 26 September 1990), lot 293.

236

824.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ Drachm (30mm, 13.62 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/5).

[KOPNH]ΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, diademed and draped bust right / Eagle standing right, head left, holding wreath in beak; L IB (date) to left, [palm frond to right]. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5350; K&G 91.35 (this coin illustrated); Emmett 3866.12 (R3). Good Fine, thick reddish-brown with light green patina, roughness. Very rare. ($200) Ex Kerry K. Wetterstrom Collection (Classical Numismatic Auctions XII, 26 September 1990), lot 294; L.S. Ruder Collection (Coin Galleries, 19 August 1987), lot 427 (part of).

825.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Æ Drachm (29mm, 13.31 g, 11h). Dated RY 12 of Gallienus (AD 264/5). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing diadem / Tyche standing facing, head left, holding a rudder with her right hand and a cornucopia with her left; L IB (date) to upper left, palm frond to right. Köln 2972; Dattari (Savio) 10562; K&G 91.37; Emmett 3868.12 (R5 – citing Köln 2972); Staffieri, Alexandria In Nummis 235 (this coin). Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. Extremely rare, with only one inferior specimen and this coin on CoinArchives. ($1500) Ex Giovanni Maria Staffieri Collection (Triton XXI, 9 January 2018), lot 230; Lanz 66 (22 November 1993), lot 837.

826 827 828 826.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 10.70 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 253/4).

A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄVЄV C, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Tyche reclining left on draped couch, holding rudder; LA above. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5175; K&G 88.6; Emmett 3722.1 (R4). VF, dark brown surfaces. Very rare type for this regnal year. ($100) 827.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (21.5mm, 10.01 g, 12h). Dated RY 2 (AD 254/5).

A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄVЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Nike standing facing, head left, holding wreath and palm frond; L B (date) to lower left. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5162; K&G –; Emmett 3715.2 (R4) = Milne 3882. VF. Very rare type for this regnal year. Fully silvered and rare as such. ($100) Ex Numismatic Fine Arts [XXIV] Fall Mail Bid Sale (18 October 1990), lot 2503.

828.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.51 g, 12h). Dated RY 3 (AD 255/6).

A K Π ΛI OV ΓAΛΛIHNOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Eirene standing facing, head left, holding olive branch and scepter; L Γ (date) to left. Köln 2885; Dattari (Savio) 5197; K&G 90.14; Emmett 3731.3. Good VF. Fully silvered and rare as such. ($100) Bought from Manton Associates, 1993.

237

829.

829a Lot of three (3) coins.

829b

829c

($100)

829a EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 11.03 g, 11h). Dated RY 2 (AD 254/5). A K Π ΛI OV ΓAΛΛIHNOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right, with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; L B (date) across field. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5223; K&G 90.8; Emmett 3730.2 (R4) = Milne 3817. Good VF, black patina.

Bought from Galata, 1982.

829b EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (25mm, 11.78 g, 12h). Dated RY 4 (AD 256/7). A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right, holding wreath in beak; L Δ (date) across field. Köln 2862; Dattari (Savio) 5184; K&G 88.23; Emmett 3705.4.

Good VF, brown patina with traces of silvering.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1998.

829c EGYPT, Alexandria. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.91 g, 12h).

Dated RY 7 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 259/60). ΠO ΛI KOP CA VAΛεPIANOC K CεB, bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right, wreath in beak; L Z (date) across field. Köln 3005; Dattari (Savio) 5377; K&G 93.8; Emmett 3776.7. VF, dark brown surfaces.

Bought from Galata, 1978.

830.

830a Lot of three (3) coins.

830b

830c

($100)

830a EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.08 g, 11h). Dated RY 3 (AD 255/6). A K Π ΛI VOAΛЄPIANOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Elpis advancing left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt; L Γ (date) across field. Köln 2860; Dattari (Savio) 5153; K&G 88.18; Emmett 3709.3. Good VF, dark brown surfaces.

Bought from Paul-Francis Jacquier, 1989.

830b EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 11.35 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 (AD 256/7). A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm frond; L Δ (date) across field. Köln 2866; Dattari (Savio) 5165; K&G 88.26; Emmett 3713.4. VF, gray-brown surfaces, porosity.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1998.

830c EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 12.21 g, 11h). Dated RY 5 (AD 257/8). A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Alexandria standing facing, head left and wearing turreted crown, holding bust of Serapis and scepter; L Є (date) across field. Köln 2869; Dattari (Savio) 5143; K&G 88.30; Emmett 3703.5. VF, dark brown patina with dusty green highlights/deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1998.

238

831 832 833 831.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.38 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 of Valerian I and Gallienus (AD 256/7). Π ΛIK KOP OVAΛε[PIANOC] KAIC CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Radiate and draped bust right of Helios; L ∆ (date) across field. Köln 2992; Dattari (Savio) 5355 (Saloninus); K&G 92.3; Emmett 3765.4 (R2). VF, dark brown patina, some roughness. Rare. ($100) Ex Carlo Fontana Collection (Finarte Casa D’Aste 995, 26 November 1996), lot 1265, purchased from M. Ratto, 1957 (reportedly ex Spina collection).

832.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian I. AD 253-260. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.15 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 (AD 256/7).

A K Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄV ЄV C, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing left, raising right hand, holding double cornucopia with left; L Δ (date) across field. Köln 2864-5; Dattari (Savio) 5158; K&G 88.25; Emmett 3711.4. Good VF. Fully silvered and rare as such. ($100) Bought from Galata, 1979. Ex Galata FPL (September 1979), no. 194.

833.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 10.05 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 of Valerian I and Gallienus (AD 256/7). Π ΛIK KOP OVAΛεPIANOC KAIC CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing left, raising right hand, holding double cornucopia with left; L Δ (date) across field. Köln 2993; Dattari (Savio) 5358 (Saloninus); K&G 92.4; Emmett 3766.4. VF, brown surfaces, a touch of porosity. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 41 (19 March 1997), lot 1330.

835 834 834.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 11.15 g, 11h). Dated RY 5 of Valerian I and Gallienus (AD 257/8). Π ΛIK KOP OVAΛεPIANOC KAIC CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Draped bust of Serapis left, wearing ornate calathus; L Є (date) across upper field, scepter behind. Köln 2999; Dattari (Savio) 5365 (Saloninus); K&G 92.11; Emmett 3769.5 (R3). Good VF, dark brown patina. Very rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XXI (26 June 1992), lot 539.

835.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Valerian II. Caesar, AD 256-258. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 11.20 g, 11h). Dated RY 5 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 257/8). Π ΛIK KOP OVAΛεPIANOC KAIC CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right with wreath in its beak, wings closed; L Є (date) across field. Köln 2997; Dattari (Savio) 5374; K&G 92.8; Emmett 3764.5. Good VF, silvered surfaces with light porosity. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIV (20 March 1991), lot 547.

837 836 836.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 11.46 g, 11h). Dated RY 6 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 258/9). [Π]O Λ[I] KOP CA OVAΛεPIANOC K CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Laureate bust of Zeus right, slight drapery; L ς (date) across field. Köln 3004; Dattari (Savio) 5370; K&G 93.7; Emmett 3784.6 (R2). VF, dark brown patina, a touch of porosity. ($150) Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 59 (part of, this coin illustrated on Pl. I).

837.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.23 g, 11h). Dated RY 6 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 258/9). ΠO ΛI KOP CA OVAΛεPIANOC K CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right, holding wreath in beak; L ς (date) across field. Köln 3002; Dattari (Savio) 5376; K&G 93.3; Emmett 3776.6 (R2). VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. Rare. ($150) Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 59 (part of).

239

839 838 838.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 11.71 g, 12h). Dated RY 7 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 259/60). ΠO ΛI KOP CA OVAΛεPIANOC K CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Jugate, draped busts of Serapis and Isis left; L Z (date) across field. Köln 3010; Dattari (Savio) 5367; K&G 93.12; Emmett 3783.7. VF, gray-brown surfaces with some silvering, areas of roughness. Rare. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXIX (30 April 1994), lot 1046.

839.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Saloninus. As Caesar, AD 258-260. Potin Tetradrachm (21mm, 10.32 g, 12h). Dated RY 7 of Valerian I & Gallienus (AD 259/60). ΠO ΛI KOP CA VAΛεPIANOC K CεB, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Alexandria standing left, wearing turreted crown, holding bust of Sarapis and scepter; L Z (date) across field. Köln 3007; Dattari (Savio) 5353 var. (obv. legend); K&G 93.9; Emmett 3774.7. Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of silvering and verdigris. ($100) Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 59 (part of).

840 841 840.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.84 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 260/61). A K T Φ IOVN MAKPIANOC Є CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, left holding double cornucopia; L A (date) in lower left field. Köln 3012; Dattari (Savio) 5378; K&G 94.2; Emmett 3786.1 (R2). VF, dark brown patina with traces of red, inactive corrosion on edge. ($150) Ex Carlo Fontana Collection (Finarte Casa D’Aste 995, 26 November 1996), lot 1267; C. Crippa FPL (1966), no. 36100.

841.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Potin Tetradrachm (23.5mm, 11.21 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 260/61). A K T Φ IOVN KOVHTOC Є CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, left holding double cornucopia; L A (date) to lower left. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5381; K&G 95.2; Emmett 3789.1 (R2).

VF, dark brown to black patina, minor green deposits. Rare. ($100) Ex Carlo Fontana Collection (Finarte Casa D’Aste 995, 26 November 1996), lot 1269; C. Crippa FPL (1966), no. 44650.

842.

842a Lot of two (2) coins.

842b

($150)

842a EGYPT, Alexandria. Macrianus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.11 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 260/61). A K T Φ IOVN MAKPIANOC Є CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, holding wreath in beak; L A (date) to left. Köln 3011; Dattari (Savio) 5380; K&G 94.1; Emmett 3785.1. VF, dark brown patina, spots of inactive corrosion (verdigris) on reverse.

Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 60 (part of).

842b EGYPT, Alexandria. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Potin Tetradrachm (20.5mm, 9.47 g, 1h). Dated RY 1 (AD 260/61). A K T Φ ION (sic) KOVHTOC Є CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, wings open, wreath in its beak; L A (date) to lower left. Köln 3013-4; Dattari (Savio) 5382; K&G 95.1; Emmett 3788.1. VF, rough brown surfaces.

Ex Glendining’s (11 July 1990), lot 60 (part of).

240

843 844 843.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Quietus. Usurper, AD 260-261. Potin Tetradrachm (21mm, 11.29 g, 12h). Dated RY 1 (AD 260/61). A K T Φ IOVN KOVHTOC Є CЄB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, wings open, wreath in its beak; L A (date) to lower left. Köln 3013-4; Dattari (Savio) 5382; K&G 95.1; Emmett 3788.1. VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XXI (26 June 1992), lot 538.

844.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 11.83 g, 12h). Dated RY 9 (AD 261/62).

AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Nike standing facing, head left, holding wreath and palm frond; L to right, ЄNATOY (date) upward to left. Köln 2910; Dattari (Savio) 5252; K&G 90.58; Emmett 3823.9. VF, dark brown surfaces. Rare with date spelled out. ($100) Bought from Galata, 1990. Ex Galata FPL (Autumn 1990), no. 153.

846 845 845.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 11.14 g, 11h). Dated RY 9 (AD 261/62).

AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, wings folded, holding wreath in beak, palm over shoulder; ЄNATOV up left field, L to right. Köln 2908-9; Dattari (Savio) 5286; K&G 90.56; Emmett 3802.9.

EF, dark brown patina with traces of green and red. ($150) Bought from Seaby, 1990.

846.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 12.03 g, 12h). Dated RY 10 (AD 262/63).

AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / ΔЄKA/ЄTHPI/CKV/PIOV in four lines within laurel wreath; L I (date) below. Köln 2915; Dattari (Savio) 5273; K&G 90.67; Emmett 3840.10. EF, dark brown patina with traces of green and red. ($150) Ex Burgan 25 (18 June 1991), lot 532.

847.

847a Lot of two (2) coins.

847b

($100)

847a EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 10.67 g, 12h). Dated RY 11 (AD 263/264). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia; L IA (date–retrograde) to upper left. Köln 2919; Dattari (Savio) 5267; K&G 90.76; Emmet 3836.11. Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of red, some obverse roughness.

Ex “Bavarian Collection” (Numismatic Fine Arts XXXI, 18 March 1993), lot 1134 (lot includes several old collector tickets).

847b EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 9.98 g, 11h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/265). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Athena standing facing, head left, holding spear and resting left hand on grounded shield; L IB (date) to lower left, palm frond to right. Köln 2922; Dattari (Savio) 5228; K&G 90.79; Emmett 3796.12. VF, dark brown patina with traces of green and red.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1993.

241

848.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23.5mm, 11.63 g, 12h). Dated RY 11 (AD 263/264). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing right, with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; L IA (date) to right. Köln 2916; Dattari (Savio) 5289; K&G 90.68; Emmett 3808.11. Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of red. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1990.

849.

849a Lot of two (2) coins.

849b

($100)

849a EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 9.84 g, 11h). Dated RY 11 of Gallienus (AD 263/4). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing stephane / Homonoia seated left, right hand raised, left holding double cornucopia; L IA (date) to left. Köln 2967; Dattari (Savio) 5335; K&G 91.31; Emmett 3857.11. VF, brown patina with traces of silvering.

Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIV (20 March 1991), lot 543.

849b EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 9.19 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 of Gallienus (AD 264/265). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing diadem / Athena seated left, right hand holding Nike, left resting on scepter; shield beneath seat; IB/L (date) to lower left, palm frond to right. Köln 2968; Dattari (Savio) 5327; K&G 91.32; Emmett 3847.12 (R2). VF, brown surfaces with traces of silvering and a few spots of verdigris. Rare type for this regnal year.

Ex Gorny & Mosch 126 (17 October 2003), lot 2114.

850.

850a Lot of two (2) coins.

850b

($100)

850a EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 8.98 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 of Gallienus (AD 264/265). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing diadem / Eirene standing left, holding branch and scepter; palm frond to left, IB/L (date) to right. Köln 2969; Dattari (Savio) 5331; K&G 91.33; Emmett 3855.12. Good VF, dark brown patina.

Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 854 (October 1990), no. C525.

850b EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 7.81 g, 12h).

Dated RY 13 of Gallienus (AD 265/266). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing diadem / Dikaiosyne standing left, holding scales and cornucopia; L IΓ (date) to upper left, palm frond to right. Köln 2974-5; Dattari (Savio) 5328; K&G 91.39; Emmett 3848.13. VF, dark brown patina with traces of green and red.

Ex Mūnz Zentrum 75 (14 April 1993), lot 125.

242

851.

851b

851a Lot of two (2) coins.

($100)

851a EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 10.54 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/265). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia seated left, right hand raised, left holding double cornucopia; IB/L to left, palm frond to right. Köln 2923; Dattari (Savio) 5249; K&G 90.80; Emmett 3817.12. VF, dark brown patina with traces of silvering, some minor deposits.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1998.

851b EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 8.32 g, 12h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/265). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Tyche seated left, resting right hand on rudder, left holding cornucopia; L IB (date) to upper left, palm frond to right. Köln 2925; Dattari (Savio) 5268; K&G 90.82; Emmett 3837.12 (R2). VF, dark brown patina.

Bought from Baldwin’s, 1998.

852

853

852.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 8.56 g, 11h). Dated RY 12 (AD 264/265).

AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing facing, head and tail left, wings spread and supporting wreath above; within wreath, L IB (date); palm frond to right. Köln 2921; Dattari (Savio) 5291; K&G 90.78; Emmett 3809.12. Good VF, toned with traces of silvering, minor roughness. ($100) Ex Berk BBS 98 (7 October 1997), lot 351.

853.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 9.20 g, 12h). Dated RY 14 of Gallienus (AD 266/267). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing stephane / Elpis standing left, holding lotus blossom and raising a fold of her skirt; palm frond to left, I∆/L (date) to right. Köln 2979; Dattari (Savio) 5333; K&G 91.45; Emmett 3856.14. Good VF, dark brown patina. ($100) Bought from Seaby, 1989. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 838 (March 1989), no. C120.

854 855 854.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.69 g, 11h). Dated RY 14 (AD 266/267). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Nike advancing right, holding a wreath in her extended right hand and a palm frond over her left shoulder with her left hand; L I∆ (date) to lower right. Köln 2938-9; Dattari (Savio) 5254 corr. (RY 14 not 11, see D-S plate) & 10539; K&G 90.94; Emmett 3821.14 (R2). Good VF, dark brown patina. ($100) Bought from Coincraft, London, 1991.

855.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (24.5mm, 10.28 g, 11h). Dated RY 14 of Gallienus (AD 266/267). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing diadem / Draped bust of Isis right, wearing crown of solar disk and plumes; L I ∆ (date) across field, palm frond to right. Köln 2980; Dattari (Savio) 5336; K&G 91.46; Emmett 3858.14. EF, dark brown patina with touches of green and red. Attractive. ($150) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XXI (26 June 1992), lot 536.

243

856.

856a Lot of two (2) coins.

856b

($100)

856a EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.08 g, 11h). Dated RY 14 (AD 266/7). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing left, head right, holding wreath in beak; L IΔ (date) to left, palm frond to right. Köln 2932-3; Dattari (Savio) 5283; K&G 90.90; Emmett 3804.14. Good VF, dark brown patina with touches of green.

Bought from Spink, 1990. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVIII.2 (March 1990), no. 921.

856b EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 11.41 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CεB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Eagle standing right, head left, holding wreath in beak; palm frond to left, L Iε (date) to lower right. Köln 2942-3; Dattari 5276-7; K&G 90.98; Emmett 3807.15. EF, dark brown patina with traces of red.

Bought from Seaby, 1990. Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin 854 (October 1990), no. C523.

857 858 857.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (21mm, 10.08 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Poseidon standing left, right foot on dolphin, holding palm frond and trident; ЄI/L (date) to lower left, palm frond to right. Köln 2953; Dattari (Savio) 5259; K&G 90.108; Emmett 3827.15 (R3). VF, brown patina with traces of silvering. Very rare, none on CoinArchives. ($150) Ex Astarte V (28 October 1999), lot 1177.

858.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (21mm, 9.58 g, 11h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268).

AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Radiate and draped bust of Helios right; palm frond before, L IЄ (date) across field. Köln 2949; Dattari 5240; K&G 90.102; Emmett 3813.15. VF, brown patina with underlying silvering. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Auctions XIII (4 December 1990), lot 510.

860 859 859.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22.5mm, 10.84 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Draped bust of Selene right; crescent moon and palm frond before, I/Є/L to left. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5265; K&G 90.110; Emmett 3834.15. VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. ($100) Bought from P. Minns, York, 1980.

860.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (23.5mm, 10.07 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AV[T K] Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Hermes standing left, holding caduceus; Є/I/L (date) to left, palm frond to right. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 10536; K&G 90.103; Emmett 3815.15 = Milne 4160.

VF, encrusted reddish-brown and green patina. Very rare, Emmett underestimates the rarity of this type at R1. None on CoinArchives. ($100) Ex Jacquier FPL 18 (Autumn 1996), no. 416.

244

861 862 863 861.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (21.5mm, 10.48 g, 11h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Homonoia standing facing, head left, raising her right hand, holding a double cornucopia with her left; IЄ/L (date) to left, palm frond to right. Köln 2950; Dattari (Savio) 5247; K&G 90.104; Emmett 3816.15. Good VF, brown patina with underlying silvering. Almost fully silvered. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXI (9 September 1994), lot 1427.

862.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Gallienus. AD 253-268. Potin Tetradrachm (21mm, 10.25 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 (AD 267/268). AVT K Π ΛIK ΓAΛΛIHNOC CЄB, laureate and cuirassed bust right / Two Nikai standing vis-à-vis, holding a shield between them inscribed L IЄ (date); palm frond in exergue. Köln 2952; Dattari (Savio) 5258; K&G 90.107; Emmett 3824.15 (R2). Good VF, dark brown patina, small die break on Gallienus’ face. Rare. ($150) Bought from C.J. Martin (Coins) Ltd., 1981.

863.

EGYPT, Alexandria. Salonina. Augusta, AD 254-268. Potin Tetradrachm (22mm, 8.98 g, 12h). Dated RY 15 of Gallienus (AD 267/268). KOPNHΛIA CAΛωNεINA CεB, draped bust right, wearing stephane / Alexandria standing left, wearing turreted crown, holding scepter and raising right hand; IЄ/L (date) to lower left, palm frond to right. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 5325-6; K&G 91.51; Emmett 3846.15 (R3). Good VF, reddish-brown patina, roughness. Very rare, none on CoinArchives. ($75) Bought from Coincraft, London, 1991.

Kingdom of Bosporus The coinage of the Kingdom of Bosporus is a specialised field of study into which I have not ventured. The following four coins are included in this collection to illustrate the use of coinage to record the relationship of the Bosporan kings to the contemporary Roman emperors. Those who wish to learn more about Bosporan coinage are referred to the detailed publication by Frolova (1983). Suffice it here to say that the Bosporan king who reigned throughout the period of the Valerianic dynasty in Rome bore the name of Rheskuporis, numbered V by Frolova but IV elsewhere (e.g. Sear 1982). Another short-lived contemporary ruler was Pharsanzes, who may have been a co-ruler or a usurper.

864 865 864.

KINGS of BOSPORUS. Rhescuporis IV. Circa AD 242/3-276/7. BI Stater (20mm, 6.98 g, 12h). Dated BE 560 (AD 263/4). BACIΛЄωC PHCKOVΠOPIΔO, diademed and draped bust of Rhescuporis right; trident to right / Laureate and draped busts vis-à-vis of Valerian I and Gallienus; pellet between, ΞΦ (date) below. MacDonald 619/1; Frolova pp. 158-9 and plates XIII-XIV (dies unlisted); Anokhin 710a. VF, toned, red deposits, minor roughness. ($100) Ex Classical Numismatic Review XVIII.1 (First Quarter, 1993), no. 348.

This coin demonstrates that Valerian I was still being acknowledged as emperor in Bosporus several years after his capture by the Sasanians.

Word Arrives of the Death of Valerian I 865.

KINGS of BOSPORUS. Rhescuporis IV. Circa AD 242/3-276/7. BI Stater (20mm, 7.90 g, 11h). Dated BE 561 (AD 264/5). BACIΛЄωC PHCKOVΠOPIΔO, diademed and draped bust of Rhescuporis right; trident to right / Laureate and draped bust of Gallienus right; I to right, AΞΦ (date) below. MacDonald 620/3; Frolova p. 161 and plates XV-XVI (dies unlisted); Anokhin 712a. EF, darkly toned, minor spots of hard green, weak strike at periphery. ($150) Bought from Spink, 1994. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CII.2 (June 1994), no. 3882.

Unlike the previous year (see lot above), in which two imperial portraits appear on the reverse, MacDonald cites two reverse types for this year: one with two imperial portraits (620/1 and 620/4); the other with only one (620/3 and 620/3). As subsequent years not only a single imperial portrait – that of Gallienus – the changeover during this year suggests the the news of Valerian’s death in captivity had begun to be reported in the Roman Empire.

245

866 867 866.

KINGS of BOSPORUS. Rhescuporis IV. Circa AD 242/3-276/7. BI Stater (20.5mm, 7.68 g, 12h). Dated BE 563 (AD 266/7). BACIΛЄωC PHCKOVΠOPIΔOC, diademed and draped bust of Rhescuporis right; trident to right / Laureate bust of Gallienus right; K to right, ΓΞΦ (date) below. MacDonald 622; Frolova dies D or F/– and cf. plate XIX, 8 and 11 (for obv.); Anokhin 714. VF, deposits, light porosity. ($100) Ex Mūnzen und Medaillen GmbH 20 (10 October 2006), lot 175.

Rare King 867.

KINGS of BOSPORUS. Pharsanzes. AD 253/4-254/5. BI Stater (20mm, 7.47 g, 12h). Dated BE 550 (AD 253/4). [BA]CIΛЄωC ΦAPCAN[ZOV], diademed bust of Pharzanes right / Diademed bust of emperor right; two pellets to right, NΦ (date) below. MacDonald 627/2; Frolova dies D/– and cf. plate XXV, 11-12 (for obv.); Anokhin 723a. Near VF, toned. Rare. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group XXXI (9 September 1994), lot 1232.

A rare king, known only through his coinage, Pharsanzes is a controversial ruler, whose short-lived reign fell during that of Rhescuporis IV. Whether he was an anti-Roman usurper, or a co-emperor of Rhescuporis (as both hypotheses have been suggested) remains unclear.

Sasanian Empire This represents another specialised field of study which is peripheral to this collection, but a representative sample of coins of Šābuhr (Shahpur) I is included brecause of the enormous influence on Roman history of Šābuhr’s victory over, and capture of, Valerian I.

868 869 870 868.

SASANIAN KINGS. Šābuhr (Shahpur) I. AD 240-272. AR Drachm (25mm, 4.08 g, 3h). Mint I (“Ctesiphon”).

Phase 1b or c, circa AD 244-259. Bust right, wearing diadem and mural crown with korymbos and earflaps / Fire altar; flanked by two attendants wearing mural crowns. SNS Type IIc/1a, Style A, Groupe indéterminé; Sunrise –. VF, toned, minor deposits on reverse, slightly crystallized surfaces. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1987. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCV.6 (July 1987), no. 4240.

869.

SASANIAN KINGS. Šābuhr (Shahpur) I. AD 240-272. AR Hemidrachm (21mm, 2.05 g, 3h). Mint I (Ctesiphon”).

Phase 1b, circa AD 244-252/3. Bust right, wearing diadem and mural crown with korymbos and earflaps / Fire altar; flanked by two attendants wearing mural crowns. SNS Type IIc/1a, Style A, Group F and pl. 22, 30 (same obv. die); Sunrise. VF, toned, minor die rust, slightly ragged edge. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.3 (April 1989), no. 1738.

870.

SASANIAN KINGS. Šābuhr (Shahpur) I. AD 240-272. AR Obol (14mm, 0.71 g, 9h). Mint I (“Ctesiphon”). Phase 1b, circa AD 244-252/3. Bust right, wearing diadem and mural crown with korymbos and earflaps / Fire altar; flanked by two attendants wearing mural crowns. SNS Type IIc/1a, Style A, Group D and pl. 22, 20-5; Sunrise 735. VF, toned. ($100) Bought from Spink, 1989. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular XCVII.7 (September 1989), no. 4520.

246

871 872 871.

SASANIAN KINGS. Šābuhr (Shahpur) I. AD 240-272. AR Drachm (24.5mm, 3.26 g, 4h). Uncertain mint. Phase 1a, circa AD 240-244. Bust right, wearing diadem and mural crown with korymbos / Fire altar; flanked by two attendants wearing mural crowns. SNS Type Ia1/1a, Style A, Group c/b (obv./rev.); Sunrise 729. VF, areas of deposits and minor porosity, minor edge chip. Rare. ($100) Ex Kovacs MBS X (8 May 1990), lot 203.

872.

SASANIAN KINGS. Šābuhr (Shahpur) I. AD 240-272. Æ (28mm, 10.25 g, 6h). Uncertain mint. Phase 1a, circa AD 240-244. Bust right, wearing diadem and mural crown with korymbos / Fire altar; flanked by two attendants wearing mural crowns. SNS Type IIa1/1a, Style Abis (pl. 20, 5-A8); Sunrise 731. Fine, brown surfaces, rough in areas. ($75) Ex Malloy XXXIX (12 December 1994), lot 961.

873.

Time of Valerian I and Gallienus. AD 253-260. PB seal from a coin sack (37mm, 30.84 g). A seal from a coin sack bearing the design of a Cologne mint light aureus (MIR 891f, possibly from the same die as the illustrated specimen): VICT GERMANICA, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Tan-brown patina. Intact. ($200) Ex Classical Numismatic Group 61 (25 September 2002), lot 2703.

This would have been used to seal the tie-cord on a sack of coins being transported from the mint, probably to a military unit.

874.

Time of Valerian I and Gallienus. AD 253-260. CU uniface pendant (27mm, 7.12 g). A copper alloy disc, pierced for use a pendant. One side is engraved with a laureate and cuirassed bust to right, facing a radiate and cuirassed bust left, these resembling portraits of Valerian I and Gallienus. VF, green and red-brown patina. ($150) Bought from David Miller, 2002. Reported to have been found in the Balkans.

One can only speculate as to this piece’s origin and purpose, but one can imagine a Roman soldier on the Danube frontier idling away a little spare time by creating this homely image of his two joint emperors.

247

248

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