Gasvoda Flyer

The Incuse Coinage of Magna Graecia From the Gasvoda Collection

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From the First Coinage at Tarentum

[Classical Numismatic Group 112 (11 September 2019), lot 9] CALABRIA, Tarentum. Circa 510-500 BC. AR Nomos (22.5mm, 8.01 g, 11h). Taras, nude, riding dolphin right, extending left hand, right hand resting on dolphin’s back; ßʼnÅt to left, scallop shell below, dot-and-cable border around / Incuse of obverse type; [t]ÅrÅ[ß] in relief to right, radiate border around. Fischer-Bossert Group 1, – (V7/R8 – an unlisted die combination); Vlasto 68 = Kraay & Hirmer 294 (same obv. die); HN Italy 826; SNG BN 1573–4 (same rev. die); SNG Lloyd 108 (same obv. die). Even light cabinet toning, with iridescence around the devices. VF. The rarest city producing incuse types in Magna Graecia.

From the Antiquarium Group. Ex Gasvoda Collection; Golden Horn Collection (Stack’s, 12 January 2009), lot 2053; Lawrence R. Stack Collection (Stack’s, 14 January 2008), lot 2007.

The city of Tarentum was founded in the late 8th century BC by Spartan colonists on the north coast of the gulf of the same name, on a rocky islet at the entrance to the only secure harbor. It was Sparta’s only colony and maintained close relations with the mother city. The official founder of the city was believed to be the Spartan leader Phalanthos. Ancient tradition, however, tells how Taras, the son of Poseidon and a local nymph, Satyra, was miraculously saved from a shipwreck by his father, who sent a dolphin on whose back he was carried to shore, at which spot he founded a city.

Blessed with fertile land, Tarentum became famous for olives and sheep. It possessed a fine harbor, great fisheries and profitable exports of wool, purple, and pottery. It adopted a democratic form of government circa 475 BC, and thereafter became the leading Greek city in southern Italy. Its success led to continual difficulties with its neighbor cities, though, and on four occasions Tarentum required expeditions from Greece to help overcome its aggressors. The last of these expeditions was led by the famed Epeirote, Pyrrhos. Following his withdrawal from the city, Tarentum was occupied by the Romans.

It was not until late in the 6th century that Tarentum felt the need to produce coinage. It did so by copying the broad, thin fabric with incuse reverse type already in use by Metapontum, Sybaris, Poseidonia, Kaulonia, and Kroton. Tarentum quickly grew in power and wealth. As with many cities that began coinage at the time, the types depicted relate to the city’s foundation, both in its historical and mythological forms. Taras’ prosperity is exemplified by its vast coinage, which was continuous from circa 510 BC until the end of the Second Punic War.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 16] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 7.74 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with seven grains; 7e up right field, åt down left field / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class IV, 90–1 (same obv. die); HN Italy 1470; SNG ANS 196–7 (same obv. die); SNG Fitzwilliam 455 (same obv. die); SNG München 923 (same obv. die). Near EF, toned, light graffiti in field on reverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 16 (hammer $1900); Dr. Patrick H. C. Tan Collection (Triton XX, 10 January 2017), lot 23; Nomos Obolos 2 (14 June 2015), lot 22.

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The Incuse Coinage of Magna Graecia

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 5] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 7.99 g, 12h). Ear of barley with eight grains; 7eT down left field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains.

Noe Class I, 3; HN Italy 1459; Kraay & Hirmer 288 (same dies). VF, toned, some die wear and light scratches under tone on obverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 5 (hammer $500); Varesi 66 (29 April 2015), lot 7.

Beginning around 550 BC and continuing for more than a century, a number of Greek cities of Magna Graecia minted their coins in an incuse form. Although some minor incuse issues are known from a few other cities, the primary cities that struck them were Metapontion, Sybaris, Poseidonia, Kroton, and Kaulonia. Founded mainly by settlers from Achaia in the Peloponnesos, these cities employed common numismatic features. Most minted on the same weight standard using thin, broad flans struck with the obverse in relief and the reverse in the negative, or ‘incuse’, almost always using virtually identical designs on both sides. The production of these coins required a sophisticated technique: large, well-executed, dies that were carefully positioned before striking to align the matching designs. It has even been suggested that hubs were used to produce “large numbers of virtually identical dies” (see Rutter, Greek, p. 18). This theory, however, remains controversial, particularly in light of the noticeable slight differences between the obverse and reverse designs. Over time, the fabric of the coinages changed from thin, broad flans to thick, short flans (traditionally called ‘dumpy’), though the weight standard was generally maintained. Though there was no monetary union that existed between these mints, hoard evidence suggests that the incuse technique may have been chosen to encourage the retention of the coins within the region, since these incuse coins are rarely found outside Southern Italy. By the middle of the 5th century BC, all of these cities developed double-relief coinages, likely to facilitate trade beyond their immediate region, into neighboring areas where double-relief coinage had become the norm.

Metapontion was among the most important cities of Magna Graecia. Little is known of the city from the contemporary literature and its archaeological remains, and thus its coinage helps to fill the evidentiary lacunae. The coinage is some of the most recognizable and beautiful of the Greek world. The ear of barley, well-centered on the die, served as the distinctive symbol of the city from the introduction of coinage around 550 BC. Each kernel is carefully executed and the awns are each depicted as a series of pellets. The city was prosperous, and the ear of barley was symbolic of the wealth derived from the rich surrounding farmland. So great was the importance of barley to the Metapontine economy that the citizens sent a ‘golden harvest’ (i.e. grain ears in gold) to be dedicated at Delphi (Strabo 6.2.15). The coinage, first studied in depth by Sydney Noe, reveals its long and well-defined development. In addition to the incuse type nomoi (of which approximately 100 obverse dies have been recognized), the presence of drachms and obols indicates a diverse economy served by a rich and well-articulated coinage (Rutter, op. cit., p. 28).

Like Metapontion, Sybaris was an important city in Magna Graecia that amassed its wealth through farming and its large port facilities. Among the rest of the Greeks, the inhabitants of Sybaris became so infamous for their lavish and hedonistic lifestyle that the terms sybarite and sybaritic came to mean anyone or anything excessively self-indulgent. At the height of its power, Sybaris ruled over a number of its neighbors. It also maintained relations with the Etruscans to the north, as well as with the cities of Ionia, especially Miletos. Sybaris even founded its own colonies, including Laos, Skidros, and Poseidonia. Beginning around 550 BC, Sybaris struck an incuse coinage of nomoi and drachms, which featured a bull standing left on a series of lines and the first two letters of the ethnic. The use of the bull as a design may be a tauriform representation of the river-god, a type that appears elsewhere in the region. The incuse coinage of Sybaris largely ceased after the destruction of the city by Kroton in 510 BC, though a very rare issue of incuse coinage that had traditionally been thought to be the final issue of the orignial Sybaris may actually be a limited striking after the refounding of the city, circa 510-475 BC. Poseidonia, known in the later Greek period as Paistos and Roman period as Paestum, was another important trading center in Lucania. It began minting incuse nomoi and drachms around 530 BC, like its founding city, Sybaris. These coins show Poseidon preparing to hurl his trident, as well as the ethnic. While these issues of Poseidonia can trace their technical origins to Achaian Sybaris, these issues were struck on a local standard, known as Phokaian, and used by the neighboring Phokaians of Velia. Their incuse coinage was much more modest in scale than the other cities, and short-lived, ending around 500 BC. Kroton was one of the most flourishing cities in Magna Graecia, producing not only a number of Olympic victors and physicians, but was also the home of Pythagoras, who founded his school there around 530 BC. The early coinage of Kroton is 2

the most numismatically complex. Featuring an ornate tripod, symbol of Apollo and allusion to his role in the city’s foundation.

Subsidiary symbols, such as a heron or crab, periodically appear as subsidiary symbols. One other intriguing feature, unlike the other incuse coinage cities, is the appearance of an incuse eagle flying, or a helmet, replacing the tripod on the reverse. It has been suggested that these reverses may represent subsidiary mints within the region in the vicinty of Kroton: the eagle for Hipponion, the helmet for Temesa.

Kaulonia was the last of the Achaian cities to issue incuse type coinage, beginning around 525 BC. The nomoi and drachms employ an intriguing type – Apollo standing right, holding a laurel branch and supporting on his outstretched arm a small nude figure, running and holding a branch in each hand. In the right field, a stag stands right on a ground line with its head left. Unlike Kroton, the connection between Apollo and Kaulonia is not so obvious. Here the imagery refers to the events following the slaying of Pytho when the god went to the Vale of Tempe to purify himself with laurel before establishing his oracle at Delphi. Etymologically, the name of Kaulonia was originally Aulonia, and AYΛ(ON) appears on a single small denomination of Kaulonia’s coinage. Meaning valley or gorge, this is a subtle reference to the Vale of Tempe. Therefore, it not only associates Kaulonia with the mythological spot of Apollo’s establishment as a major Olympian deity, but also demonstrates Kaulonia’s devotion to Apollo (Rutter, op. cit., pp. 30-31).

Pedigreed to 1994

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 6] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 8.18 g, 1h). Ear of barley with eight grains; 7eT down left field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class I, 14; HN Italy 1459; SNG ANS 166; SNG Ashmolean 648; SNG Fitzwilliam 166; Naville V, lot 428 (all from the same dies).

EF, toned, slight die shift. Excellent metal. An attractive issue from early in the mint’s production.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 6 (hammer $3250); New York Sale XXX (9 January 2013), lot 8; Classical Numismatic Group 42 (29 May 1997), lot 54; Münzen und Medaillen AG 79 (1994), lot 41.

From the consignor: There are many subtle differences to the incuse coinage of Metapontum. Beside the obvious legend style and location, there are the number of pellets on the barley ear, the width of the barley ear, the presence or absence of awns at the barley base, and the style of both the obverse and reverse border. It remains uncertain if these differences relate to specific engraving styles and talents or if they are natural transitions that work better for coin production. Here the image is of the spread design and the borders are of large dots (obverse) and large rectangular separations (reverse).

Ex Virgil Brand Collection

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 15] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 8.10 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with eight grains, bracts at base; 7eT down left field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class I, 20–1; HN Italy 1459; SNG ANS 169; SNG Lloyd 293; Locker-Lampson 17. Good VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 15 (hammer $3500); CNG inventory 422773 (January 2016); Byron Schieber Collection; Virgil Brand Collection (Part 7, Sotheby’s, 25 October 1984), lot 12.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 16] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Sixteenth Nomos – Obol (10mm, 0.47 g, 12h). Ear of barley with six grains; no ethnic / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class I, 36; HN Italy 1462. VF, toned. Well centered. Rare early fraction.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 111 (8 May 2019) lot ? (hammer $???); Coin Galleries (18 December 2007), lot 28.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 7] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Sixteenth Nomos – Obol (6.5mm, 0.43 g, 6h). Ear of barley with five grains / Incuse ear of barley with five grains. Noe Class III, 62; HN Italy 1469. Near EF, deeply toned. Excellent metal. Exceptional for issue.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 7 (hammer $1200); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 51879 (February 2015).

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 17] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Third Nomos (17.5mm, 2.53 g, 12h). Ear of barley with six grains; ÂEtA up right field / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class III, 83 (same dies); HN Italy 1480; SNG ANS 194 (same dies); SNG München 942 (same dies); Pozzi 161 (same dies). Good VF, toned, traces of find patina, some porosity, few minor edge splits.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 111 (8 May 2019) lot ? (hammer $???); ArtCoins Roma 8 (3 February 2014), lot 33.

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 18] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Third Nomos (17.5mm, 1.38 g, 12h). Ear of barley with six grains; ÂEtA down left field / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class III, 84 (same obv. die); HN Italy 1480; Egger XL, lot 155 (same obv. die). VF, toned, porous, struck with worn reverse die.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 111 (8 May 2019) lot ? (hammer $???); purchased from Edward J. Waddell (inv. 52099); Varesi 56 (3 June 2010), lot 9.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 19] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 7.20 g, 12h). Ear of barley with seven grains; 7e down left field, tA up right / Incuse ear of barley with seven grains.

Noe Class IV, 88 (same dies); HN Italy 1470; SNG ANS 195; Bement 154. VF, toned, slight roughness, light scuffs on reverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 111 (8 May 2019) lot ? (hammer $???); Gorny & Mosch 225 (14 October 2014), lot 1067.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 17] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Sixteenth Nomos – Obol (8.5mm, 0.49 g, 12h). Ear of barley with five grains; eµ up left field, t in right field / Incuse ear of barley with five grains.

Cf. Noe Class IV; cf. HN Italy 1470–1. Near EF, toned. Excellent metal. Unpublished denomination for class. Very rare, only three in CoinArchives.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 17 (hammer $650); ArtCoins Roma 8 (3 February 2014), lot 31; ArtCoins Roma 5 (14 May 2012), lot 45.

Gorini Plate Coin Pedigreed to 1954

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 8] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (27mm, 7.85 g, 12h). Ear of barley with seven grains; 7eTA down left field, grasshopper upward to right / Incuse ear of barley with seven grains; incuse dolphin upward to left. Noe Class V, 104 (same obv. die); Gorini 11 (this coin illustrated, enlarged on p. 137); HN Italy 1472; SNG ANS 207 = Jameson 259 (same obv. die); Gulbenkian 58 = Locker-Lampson 18 (same obv. die); Traité I pl. LXVI, 9 (same obv. die). Good VF, deep cabinet tone, a few scratches, minor die break on obverse. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 8 (hammer $9000); M. L. Collection of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily (Numismatica Ars Classica 82, 20 May 2015), lot 12; A. D. Moretti Collection; Classical Numismatic Group 40 (with Numismatica Ars Classica, 4 December 1996), lot 613; Münzen und Medaillen AG XIII (17 June 1954), lot 998.

From the consignor: The most interesting type of the incuse coinage of Metapontum certainly must be the issues which have the locust (or grasshopper) design detail, as here. There are a number of varieties with the locust/grasshopper detail. Here it is paired with a well detailed incuse dolphin. The locust would have been a serious threat to the agricultural community and likely the dolphin relates to Apollo who would have been seen as the God who eliminated a plague of these insects in the year this coin was struck. Exceedingly rare with only two examples in CoinArchives.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 10] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 6.84 g, 12h). Ear of barley with eight grains; 7EtA up right field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class VI, 117; HN Italy 1479. EF, attractive even gray tone with golden hues around the devices. Well centered on a broad, round flan.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 10 (hammer $2100); Stack’s Bowers Galleries (9 January 2015), lot 10; Coin Galleries (18 August 2009), lot 4012; Lanz 54 (21 November 1990), lot 43; Numismatic Fine Arts XVIII (31 March 1987), lot 12.

From the consignor: In contrast to the ear of barley on lot 6, above, here the design is compact and the borders are much more intricate. While I think the borders on this type are more refined, and the spread design of the barley ear on lot 6 looks more natural.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 19] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 8.13 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with eight grains; 7etA up right field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class VI, 125 (same dies, this coin referenced); HN Italy 1479; SNG ANS 215 (same dies); SNG Lloyd 304 (same dies); SNG Dreer 238 (same dies). EF, beautiful light gray toning with golden hues around the devices, minor die break on obverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 September 2019) lot 19 (hammer $4500); Roma IV (30 September 2012), lot 16; Hess-Divo 320 (26 October 2011), lot 9; Naville V (18 June 1923), lot 432.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 20] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28.5mm, 8.00 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with eight grains; 7etAπ down left field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class VII, 136 (same dies); HN Italy 1481. Near EF, toned. Very rare, struck from the only Class VII die with an eight grain ear, missing from most collections.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 20 (hammer $3750); Edward J Waddell inventory 51472 (2014); Numismatica Ars Classica 40 (16 May 2007), lot 217.

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Ex Moretti and Gillet Collections

[Classical Numismatic Group 112 (11 September 2019), lot 41] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 540-510 BC. AR Nomos (28.5mm, 6.89 g, 12h). Ear of barley with seven grains; 7eTå down left field, grasshopper upward to right / Incuse ear of barley with seven grains; outline of dolphin upward to left. Noe Class V, 100 (same dies); HN Italy 1472; SNG ANS 206 (same dies); Basel 130 (same dies); Gillet 132 (this coin); Kraay & Hirmer 229 (same dies). Toned, die breaks on reverse (diagnostic for die). Near EF. From the Antiquarium Group. Ex Gasvoda Collection; Numismatica Ars Classica 92 (23 May 2016), lot 88; A. D. Moretti Collection; Numismatica Ars Classica 18 (29 March 2000), lot 22; Numismatica Ars Classica 9 (16 April 1996), lot 57; Leu 42 (12 May 1987), lot 46; Charles Gillet Collection.

The most interesting type of the incuse coinage of Metapontum certainly must be the issues which include the locust (or grasshopper) design detail, as here. There are a number of variations. Here it is paired with a dolphin in outline. The locust would have been a serious threat to the agricultural community and likely the dolphin relates to Apollo who would have been seen as the God who eliminated a plague of these insects in the year this coin was struck.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 12] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 510-470 BC. AR Nomos (23mm, 7.95 g, 12h). Ear of barley with seven grains / Incuse ear of barley with six inner and five outer grains. Noe Class IX, 187; HN Italy 1482. VF, toned, die break on obverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 12 (hammer $360); Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 284 (8 August 2012), lot 18.

From the consignor: This die pair is fascinating. The obverse die has a serious cud developing and surely must be at the end of its life. It is a barley ear design with seven pellets. Here it is clearly mismatched with a reverse die with fewer pellets. One must assume the reverse of the original pair failed and the celator was trying to get extended life out of the obverse die by matching it to an available reverse die. This is a most unusual pairing for this series and quite rare as such.

[Electronic Auction 436 (23 January 2019), lot 20] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.83 g, 6h). Ear of barley with six grains / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe 239/238 (for obv./rev. dies); HN Italy 1484; SNG ANS 233. Near VF, some roughness on obverse. Unusually detailed reverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Sale 436 (23 January 2019) lot 20 (hammer $525); G. Hirsch 293 (25 September 2013), lot 2036.

Unusually for an incuse type, the obverse and reverse dies for this nomos are rotated 180 degrees.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 21] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 510-470 BC. AR Nomos (22.5mm, 8.03 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with six grains; teµ up right field / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class IX, 191 (same dies); HN Italy 1482; SNG Ashmolean 657 (same dies); SNG Tübingen 645 (same dies); McClean 900 (same dies). EF, deeply toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 21 (hammer $2000); Albert Hofer Collection (Tradart, 18 December 2014), lot 11.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 22] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 510-470 BC. AR Nomos (24mm, 8.00 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with seven grains; åteµ down right field / Incuse ear of barley with eight grains. Noe Class IX, 193 (same dies); HN Italy 1482; SNG Copenhagen 1164 (same dies). Near EF, toned, minor edge split. Interesting fully retrograde legend.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 22 (hammer $1700); Gorny & Mosch 236 (7 March 2016), lot 11A; Numismatica Ars Classica 59 (4 April 2011), lot 1544.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 23] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 510-470 BC. AR Nomos (21mm, 8.11 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with six grains; 7et up left field, lizard up right field, seen from above / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class X, 213 (same dies); HN Italy 1482. EF, lightly toned, die break on reverse. Rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 23 (hammer $1400); Edward J Waddell inventory 50686 (2013).

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 13] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Eighth Nomos – Triobol (11.5mm, 0.92 g, 6h). Ear of barley with five grains / Incuse boukranion. Noe 266; HN Italy 1487.

VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 13 (hammer $180); G. Hirsch 293 (25 September 2013), lot 2040.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 23] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Triobol (12mm, 1.39 g, 6h). Ear of barley with six grains; 7et up right field / Incuse head of ox. Noe 275 (same obv. die); HN Italy 1487; SNG Evelpidis 218 (same obv. die); SNG Lloyd 319 (same obv. die); McClean 910 (same obv. die). Good VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex B. in B. Collection (Nomos 8, 22 October 2013), lot 12; Numismatica Ars Classica B (25 February 1992), lot 1055.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 24] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.98 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with seven grains; ram’s head upward in left field, ÅtEµ up right field / Incuse ear of barley with six grains. Noe Class X, 222 (same dies); HN Italy 1485; SNG ANS 245 (same dies); SNG Lloyd 313 (same dies). Good VF, toned. Great metal.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 24 (hammer $1600); Triton XVII (7 January 2014), lot 14; Gemini III (9 January 2007), lot 34.

Ex Moretti, Jameson, and Strozzi Collections Pedigreed to 1907 Fascinating Overstrike

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 25] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Nomos (20.5mm, 8.16 g, 6h).

Ear of barley with six grains; ÂEtÅ up left field / Incuse ear of barley with five grains. Noe Class XI, 255 (same dies, this coin referenced); Gorini 28 = Jameson 261 (this coin); HN Italy 1484; SNG ANS 256 (same dies). Near EF, toned, overstruck on a Gela didrachm, Jenkins 38 (O13/R16), with much of the undertype visible.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 25 (hammer $11000); Edward J Waddell inventory 50636 (2013); Triton I (2 December 1997), lot 83; A. D. Moretti Collection; Robert Jameson Collection; Carlo Strozzi Collection (Sangiorgi, 15 April 1907), lot 981.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 26] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Nomos (21mm, 8.22 g, 12h).

Ear of barley with six grains; grasshopper upward in left field, ÅtEµ up right field / Incuse ear of barley with seven grains; ÅtEµ up left field; to right, outline of dolphin downward. Noe Class XII, 260 corr. (dolphin not noted; same dies); HN Italy 1486 corr. (same); SNG ANS 258 corr. (same; same dies). Good VF, lightly toned. High relief. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 26 (hammer $6000); CNG inventory 954980 (June 2013); Dr. William J. Conte Collection; Classical Numismatic Group 72 (14 June 2006), lot 105.

The dolphin was not visible on any of the examples seen by Noe, and thus is not noted in his study. Nearly all of the published examples are poorly struck, and thus the appearance of the dolphin was apparently not discovered until this piece and another (CNG E-140, lot 7) were offered in 2006. The dolphin does not appear among the various symbols employed on the dies of this issue; however, it is employed, in an incuse or outline form, on the reverse of a few archaic issues, circa 540-510 BC (cf.

HN Italy 1742).

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 27] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Triobol (12mm, 1.30 g, 6h).

Ear of barley with six grains; 7Et up right field / Incuse head of ox. Noe 275; HN Italy 1487; SNG Evelpidis 218; SNG Lloyd 319; McClean 910. EF, toned. Well centered and excellent metal for issue.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 27 (hammer $900); Edward J Waddell inventory 51789 (April 2015); Tkalec (9 May 2005), lot 8; Triton V (15 January 2002), lot 1095.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 28] LUCANIA, Metapontion. Circa 470-440 BC. AR Obol (9mm, 0.52 g). Ear of barley with five grains; no ethnic / Incuse barley grain; flanked by annulets in relief. Noe 299; HN Italy 1488 (diobol). Good VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 28 (hammer $1000); Edward J Waddell inventory 51784 (January 2015); Peus 407 (7 November 2012), lot 86; Künker 52 (29 September 1999), lot 3019.

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 31] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Half Nomos – Drachm (20mm, 3.27 g, 12h). Poseidon, beardless and nude but for chlamys draped over both arms, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; πoÂ-Eß around; double-pelleted border / Incuse of obverse type, but ßE-Â◊P in relief, double-ribbed border. Gorini 7 = Traité I 2129, pl. LXVIII (same dies); HN Italy 1108; SNG ANS 626 var. (ethnic on rev.; same obv. die); SNG Lloyd 432 (same obv. die); SNG Lewis 192 (same dies). VF, deeply toned, slight roughness, a few edge nicks, a couple light scuffs on reverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection, Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 111 (8 May 2019) lot ? (hammer $???); Edward J. Waddell (inv. 51055); Numismatica Ars Classica L (18 May 2001), lot 1081.

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Bold Archaic Style

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 23] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 6.43 g, 12h). Poseidon, beardless and nude but for chlamys draped over his arms, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; 7oπ to left / Incuse of obverse type, but trident is in relief and Poseidon is bearded; πo7 to right. Gorini 3 var. (orientation of ethnic on rev.); HN Italy 1107; SNG ANS 604–5 var. (same; same obv. die); SNG Lloyd 427 var. (same); Regling, Antike 239 var. (same); Kraay & Hirmer 219 (same obv. die). Near EF, toned, overstruck on uncertain incuse-type issue. Bold archaic style, and with a particularly detailed incuse design. Interesting juxtaposition of a beardless and bearded Poseidon. Very rare variety.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 23 (hammer $21000); Dr. Patrick H. C. Tan Collection (Gemini VII, 9 January 2011), lot 39.

From the consignor: There are two distinct representations of Poseidon found on the incuse coinage: the youthful clean shaven face and the archaic bearded face. I have always felt that these two representations were created at different times, although which came first remains uncertain. This would thus be a very important transitional piece, which mates the youthful Poseidon on the obverse with a bearded “archaic” Poseidon on the reverse. The reverse incuse Poseidon is struck with unusually good detail for this series.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 57] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 7.37 g, 12h).

Poseidon, beardless and nude but for chlamys draped over both arms, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; 7oπ to left / Incuse of obverse type, but trident is in relief and Poseidon is bearded; 7oP to right.

Gorini 3; HN Italy 1107; SNG ANS 604 = Hunt II 200 (this coin); SNG Lloyd 427; Bement 203; Gillet 235–6; Gulbenkian 80; Regling, Antike 239. VF, toned. Fine style and great metal.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 66 (17 October 2012), lot 33; Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection (Part II, Sotheby’s, 21 June 1990), lot 5; American Numismatic Society Collection.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 24] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Drachm (22mm, 3.67 g, 12h). Poseidon, nude but for chlamys draped over shoulders, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; √ßß to left, ßeµoP to right / Incuse of obverse, except trident and legend in relief. Selinus Hoard 3 (this coin); Gorini 8; HN Italy 1108; SNG ANS 629 var. (legend); SNG Lloyd –; Jameson 333 var. (same); Pozzi 205 var. (same). Good VF, toned, delamination and some roughness on obverse, die flaw on reverse. Excellent metal for issue. Very rare with this legend, only this example in CoinArchives.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 24 (hammer $4500); Triton XVII (7 January 2014), lot 21; Numismatica Genevensis VII (27 November 2012), lot 128; Selinunte, Sicily, 1985 Hoard (CH VIII, 35).

Ex Moretti, Mathey, and Nanteuil Collections

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 58] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Half Nomos – Drachm (19.5mm, 3.32 g, 12h). Poseidon, bearded and nude but for chlamys draped over both arms, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; πo to left / Incuse of obverse type, but trident is in relief and Poseidon is beardless; 7oP to right. Gorini 11 = Nanteuil 172 (this coin); HN Italy 1108; SNG ANS 620–4; SNG Lockett 440; Weber 811. toned, slight granularity. VF. From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 58 (hammer $4750); Edward J. Waddell inventory 50649 (August 2013); Triton I (2 December 1997), lot 113; A. D. Moretti Collection; Henri de Nanteuil Collection (c. 1925); Paul Mathey Collection (Feuardent Frères, 9 June 1913), lot 23.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 26] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 410-350 BC. AR Nomos (21mm, 7.86 g, 5h). Poseidon, nude but for chlamys draped over shoulders, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; to right, dolphin downward / Bull standing left; tiny cuttlefish below; all within incuse circle.

Kraay, Stateri 6 (same dies); HN Italy 1134; SNG ANS 688–9 (same dies). VF, toned. Rare type with cuttlefish.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 26 (hammer $1800); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 51785 (February 2015); Paul H. Gerrie Collection (Triton XII, 6 January 2009), lot 43; Triton VII (13 January 2004), lot 30; Münzen und Medaillen AG 88 (17 May 1999), lot 30.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 32] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Half Nomos – Drachm (22mm, 3.67 g, 12h). Poseidon, nude but for chlamys draped over shoulders, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; √ßß to left, ßeµoP to right / Incuse of obverse, except trident and legend in relief.

Selinus Hoard 3 (this coin); Gorini 8; HN Italy 1108; SNG ANS 629 var. (legend); SNG Lloyd –; Jameson 333 var. (same); Pozzi 205 var. (same). Good VF, toned, delamination and some roughness on obverse, die flaw on reverse. Excellent metal for issue. Very rare with this legend, only this example in CoinArchives.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Review (11 January 2019) inventory # 496970 (On offer at $2750); Triton XVII (7 January 2014), lot 21; Numismatica Genevensis SA VII (27 November 2012), lot 128; Selinunte, Sicily, 1985 Hoard (CH VIII, 35).

[Electronic Auction 436 (23 January 2019), lot 31] LUCANIA, Poseidonia. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Half Nomos – Drachm (22mm, 3.67 g, 12h). Poseidon, nude but for chlamys draped over shoulders, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended; √ßß to left, ßeµoP to right / Incuse of obverse, except trident and legend in relief.

Selinus Hoard 3 (this coin); Gorini 8; HN Italy 1108; SNG ANS 629 var. (legend); SNG Lloyd –; Jameson 333 var. (same); Pozzi 205 var. (same). Good VF, toned, delamination and some roughness on obverse, die flaw on reverse. Excellent metal for issue. Very rare with this legend, only this example in CoinArchives.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Review (11 January 2019) inventory # 496970 (On offer at $2750); Triton XVII (7 January 2014), lot 21; Numismatica Genevensis SA VII (27 November 2012), lot 128; Selinunte, Sicily, 1985 Hoard (CH VIII, 35).

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 64] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 550-510 BC. AR Third Nomos (20mm, 2.66 g, 1h).

Bull standing left, head right; VM in exergue / Incuse bull standing right, head left. S&S Class B, pl. XLVIII, 10–1; Gorini 4; HN Italy 1736. Good VF, deep iridescent tone. Excellent metal for issue.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Waddell inventory 50630 (August 2013); Leu 45 (26 May 1988), lot 19.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 27] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 550-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 7.51 g, 12h). Bull standing left, head right; ¨µ above / Incuse bull standing right, head left. S&S Class A, pl. XLVIII, 1–3; Gorini 3; HN Italy 1729; SNG ANS 817–27; SNG Lloyd –; Basel 167; Dewing 405; Kraay & Hirmer 212. Good VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 27 (hammer $4750); RR Collection (Triton XVII, 6 January 2014), lot 22 (hammer of $4400); CNG Inventory 752554 (January 2005); Phil Wallick Collection; Classical Numismatic Review XXVI.1 (Summer 2001), no. 7; Goldberg 8 (16 February 2001), lot 2831.

From the consignor: The Sybaris incuse type with ethnic above the bull is somewhat rarer than the normal type with the ethnic below the exergue line. This coin is also notable for its clean strike with an absence of any major double striking that plagues this series and, in my opinion, detracts from the beauty of the design. It also appears to have traces of an undertype.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 61] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 550-510 BC. AR Nomos (31.5mm, 7.43 g, 12h). Bull standing left, head right; ¨µ above / Incuse bull standing right, head left. S&S Class A, pl. XLVIII, 1–3; Gorini 3; HN Italy 1729; SNG ANS 817–27; Basel 167; Dewing 405; Kraay & Hirmer 212. EF, deeply toned, traces of find patina. Excellent metal.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 61 (hammer $8000); M. L. Collection of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily (Numismatica Ars Classica 82, 20 May 2015), lot 20; Sternberg XXIV (19 November 1990), lot 8; Sternberg XXI (14 November 1988), lot 15 (obverse illustrated on color plate A).

From the consignor: This Sybaris specimen boasts an extremely high relief strike for this series. Note the doubling visible on the reverse, particularly on the forepart of the bull. This multiple strike format is typical for this issue but it usually results in a shift on the obverse die, resulting in normal relief. Here the reverse die shift is significant, while the obverse die remains close to perfectly aligned. The end result is a coin of very high relief.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 62] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 550-510 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 8.70 g, 12h). Bull standing left, head right; ¨µ in exergue / Incuse bull standing right, head left. S&S Class B, pl. XLVIII, 4–8; Gorini 2; HN Italy 1729; SNG ANS 828–44; SNG Lloyd 449–50; Basel 168–9; Bement 213; Dewing 406–7; Gillet 215. Good VF, attractive even gray toning. Excellent metal.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 62 (hammer $5500); Numismatica Ars Classica 72 (16 May 2013), lot 834.

From the consignor: The incuse reverse of this nomos is perhaps the finest I have ever encountered for this series, in terms of style, die state and overall condition.

[Electronic Auction 436 (23 January 2019), lot 32] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 530-510 BC. AR Nomos (28mm, 7.77 g, 12h). Bull standing left, head right; VM above / Incuse of obverse, reversed, with no ethnic. S&S Class A, pl. XLVIII, 1-3; HN Italy 1729; SNG ANS 817-27. Fine, toned, a few fissures in metal surfaces. Extremely high relief, with a particularly detailed reverse struck from a fresh die.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Sale 436 (23 January 2019) lot 32 (hammer $525); Harlan J. Berk BBS 180 (16 August 2012), lot 177.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 31] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 510-475 BC. AR Obol (8mm, 0.50 g, 10h). Bull standing right, head left / Incuse acorn. Kraay, Coinage, pl. IV, 3 (Laos); HN Italy 1742. VF, deeply toned. Very rare, one of only five in CoinArchives.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 31 (hammer $1300); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 51874 (February 2015); Elsen 99 (28 March 2009), lot 1204; Elsen 94 (15 December 2007), lot 88.

From the consignor: This is an extremely rare fraction. Kraay indicates it is from Laos while HN calls it a coin of Sybaris.

Whichever the case, there are only five listed in CoinArchives.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 66] LUCANIA, Sybaris. Circa 453-448 BC. AR Nomos (18mm, 8.03 g, 11h).

Poseidon, nude, in throwing stance right, holding trident overhead in right hand; `B¨Â to left; to right, bird flying right / Bull standing right on double exergue line; B¨Â in exergue; all within incuse circle. Kraay, Coinage, pl. III, 9 = SNG Fitzwilliam 580 (same dies); HN Italy 1743; SNG ANS –; SNG Lloyd –; Dewing –; Gillet –; Gulbenkian –; McClean –; Pozzi –. Near EF, minor edge split. Excellent metal for issue. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 66 (Hammer $1900); Triton XX (10 January 2017), lot 31; Hess-Divo 309 (28 April 2008), lot 8; Künker 124 (16 March 2007), lot 7831; Classical Numismatic Group 72 (14 June 2006), lot 120.

Pedigreed to 1909

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 76] BRUTTIUM, Kaulonia. Circa 525-500 BC. AR Nomos (30.5mm, 8.38 g, 12h).

Apollo advancing right, holding branch aloft in right hand, left arm extended, upon which a small daimon, holding branch in each hand, runs right; ˚å¨Ò to left; to right, stag standing right, head reverted; dot-and-cable border / Incuse of obverse, but daimon in outline and no ethnic; radiate border. Noe, Caulonia, Group A, 5h (this coin); Gorini 3; HN Italy 2035; SNG ANS 142 (same dies); SNG München 1396 (same dies); Gulbenkian 119 (same dies); Hermitage Sale II 163 (same obv. die); Hunterian 2 (same obv. die). lovely old collection toning. In NGC encapsulation 4284630-001, graded Ch AU★, Strike: 5/5 Surface: 5/5, Fine Style. Excellent metal. Fine style.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Numismatica Genevensis SA 7 (27 November 2012), lot 133; Peter Guber Collection (Manhattan Sale II, 4 January 2011), lot 5; Freeman & Sear FPL 11 (Spring/Summer 2006), no. 11; Münzen und Medaillen AG 52 (19 June, 1975), lot 51; Frank Sherman Benson Collection (Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, 3 February 1909), lot 99 (lot won by Rollin & Feuardent).

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 36] BRUTTIUM, Kaulonia. Circa 525-500 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 7.57 g, 12h). Apollo advancing right, holding branch aloft in right hand; small daimon running right on Apollo’s extended left arm; ˚å¨Ò to left; to right, stag standing right, head reverted / Incuse of obverse, but no daimon. Noe, Caulonia Group A, 15 (same rev. die); Gorini 3; HN Italy 2035; Boston MFA 169 = Warren 135 (same rev. die); GPCG pl.

6, 13 (same rev. die); Jameson 408 (same rev. die). Good VF, toned, old cleaning marks under tone. Rare without daimon on reverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 36 (hammer $4750); Daniel Koppersmith Collection (Triton XVII, 7 January 2014), lot 25; Classical Numismatic Group 87 (18 May 2011), lot 190.

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Ex Rockefeller University/Mirsky and Morgan Collections

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 75] BRUTTIUM, Kaulonia. Circa 525-500 BC. AR Nomos (30mm, 7.92 g, 12h).

Apollo advancing right, holding branch aloft in right hand, left arm extended, upon which a small daimon, holding branch in each hand, runs right; ˚å¨Ò to left; to right, stag standing right, head reverted; dot-and-cable border / Incuse of obverse, but daimon in outline and no ethnic; radiate border. Noe, Caulonia, Group A, 5c = Morgan 91 (this coin); Gorini 3; HN Italy 2035; SNG ANS 142 (same dies); SNG München 1396 (same dies); Gulbenkian 119 (same dies); Hermitage Sale II 163 (same obv. die); Hunterian 2 (same obv. die). Good VF, attractive old cabinet tone. Excellent metal. Fine style.

From the Gasvoda Collection, Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 75 (hammer $29000); purchased from Herb Kreindler, August 2013; Rockefeller University/Dr. Alfred E. Mirsky Collection (Gemini VII, 9 January 2011), lot 61; J. Pierpont Morgan Collection (not in H. Schulman or Stack’s sales; further pedigree listed for Morgan 91 is erroneous).

From the consignor: The incuse coinage of Kaulonia is fascinating to study as it offers a unique perspective into how this form of coinage was actually struck. Of the five cities in Magna Graecia that produced incuse coinage, each has features unique to its location. The coinage of Kaulonia is known for the die bounce that appears in the upper reverse left quadrant of the coins with great regularity. This is seen by the border impressions that appear in the reverse field. This and the following lot are two nearly perfect examples of early nomoi, each exhibiting similar die indentations. This is clearly the result of the method with which the two dies were held in place when the coin was struck. Recreating this consistent die bounce is most easily done by the use of slotted dies. Further study of this fascinating coinage will likely focus on the coins of Kaulonia as they offer the best understanding of the minting process employed in Magna Graecia.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 77] BRUTTIUM, Kaulonia. Circa 525-500 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 7.81 g, 12h).

Apollo advancing right, holding branch aloft in right hand, left arm extended, upon which a small daimon, holding branch in each hand, runs right; ˚å¨Ò to left; to right, stag standing right, head reverted; dot-and-cable border / Incuse of obverse, but daimon in outline and no ethnic; radiate border. Noe, Caulonia, Group A, 8d (this coin); Gorini 2; HN Italy 2035; Boston MFA 173 = Warren 139 (same dies); Pozzi 270 (same dies); Weber 982 (same dies). Near EF, attractive old cabinet toning.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 77 (hammer $16000); Triton XVI (8 January 2013), lot 194; J. Hirsch XIV (27 November 1905), lot 127.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 78] BRUTTIUM, Kaulonia. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Third Nomos – Drachm (16mm, 2.27 g, 11h). Apollo advancing right, holding branch aloft in right hand, left arm extended, upon which a small daimon, holding branch in each hand, runs right; oÒ¨`K to left; to right, stag standing right, head reverted; dot-and-cable border / Incuse of obverse, but no daimon and ethnic in relief; radiate border. Noe, Caulonia 205 (same dies); Gorini 10; HN Italy 2039; BMC 15 (same dies); Rhousopoulos 210 (same dies). Good VF, toned, a couple light marks in fields. Excellent metal.

Very rare denomination.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 September 2019) lot 78 (hammer $6500); Friend of a Scholar Collection (CNG Inventory 403386, April 2008), purchased from Maison Platt, June 1985.

[Electronic Auction 436 (23 January 2019), lot 35] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. Fourrée Nomos (27.5mm, 8.03 g, 12h). Tripod, legs terminating in lion’s feet / Incuse tripod. HN Italy 2075; SNG ANS 227. VF, obverse scratches, broken silver plating in isolated spot on obverse and larger areas on reverse. Rare as a fourrée (plated contemporary counterfeit).

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Sale 436 (23 January 2019) lot 35 (hammer $400); Prof. E. Langlotz Collection (Münzen & Medaillen Deutschland GmbH 44, 25 November 2016), lot 15.

18

Ex Elisabeth Washburn King Collection

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 38] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (27.5mm, 7.83 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, two serpents rising from the bowl, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; JRo to left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths and serpents in relief. Gorini 4; Attianese 1; HN Italy 2075; SNG ANS 232; SNG Lloyd 592; Bement 272; Dewing 492–3; Jameson 1879; de Luynes 701; Washburn King 19 (this coin). EF, lovely old cabinet tone, minor mark in field on obverse. Well centered and struck.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 lot 38 (hammer $10000); Classical Numismatic Group Inventory 955015 (June 2013); Leu 83 (6 May 2002), lot 34; Classical Numismatic Group 42 (29 May 1997), lot 83; Elisabeth Washburn King Collection, gifted to Bryn Mawr College, 1951 (Christie’s New York, 11 December 1992), lot 619.

From the consignor: This is an important example to try to untangle the mystery of how these incuse die pairs were created.

The die pair seen here was clearly intended to be mated together – notice the top of the tripod being proportionally out of level as an exact obverse/reverse match. Yet the reverse (incuse) die has the tripod slightly larger than the raised obverse.

This flaw in compatibility surely caused the dies to wear too quickly as they competed with each other during striking. Were these dies created by hubbing a completed (obverse or reverse die) into a die blank to create the die mate? It seems the only logical explanation.

The Elisabeth Washburn King Collection was made up of 141 Greek coins at the time of her donation to Bryn Mawr College, the collector’s alma mater, in 1951. Though modest in size, the quality of the collection was outstanding, featuring excellent examples of many of the most sought out Greek types. The collection was published in its entirety by noted art historian and future curator of classical antiquities at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, C. C. Vermeule, in 1956, while still a professor at Bryn Mawr.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 80] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (29mm, 8.21 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, two serpents rising inward from feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; J®o to left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but no serpents. Gorini 1; Attianese 4; HN Italy 2075; SNG ANS 238–41; Boston MFA 176; Jameson 417; Kraay & Hirmer 264. Superb EF, deep iridescent tone.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 September 2019) lot 80 (hammer $6500); Nomos FPL (Winter-Spring 2013), no. 2; Numismatica Genevensis SA VI (30 November 2010), lot 19.

From the consignor: This is an awesome example for the type. The obverse and reverse detail indicates that this was from an early strike for each of the dies. The surfaces are pristine, and the metal is perfectly sound. Probably one of the top survivors for this series.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 40] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (28.5mm, 8.24 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, two serpents rising from the bowl, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; orJ to right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths and serpents in relief; incuse of ethnic to left. HN Italy 2075; otherwise unpublished in the standard references. Good VF, toned, area of flat strike. Extremely rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection, purchased from Edward J. Waddell (inv. 50756). Ex Künker 104 (27 September 2005), lot 60; Auctiones AG 24 (23 June 1994), lot 25.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 39] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (27mm, 7.78 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, two serpents rising from the bowl and between feet; orJ to left, crab to right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths and serpents in relief, no serpents between legs; crab to left, orJ to right. Gorini –; Attianese 22; HN Italy 2078; SNG ANS 244–7 var. (position of ethnic and crab on rev.); SNG Lloyd 593 var. (same); SNG Lewis 247; McClean 1647 (same dies). VF, toned, slight doubling on reverse. Rare variety.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 39 (hammer $3250); Triton XVII (6 January 2014), lot 27; Numismatica Ars Classica 54 (24 March 2010), lot 25.

From the consignor: This is a second interesting example of the incuse Kroton coinage. Note the misalignment of the two dies here. US Chief Engraver John Mercanti speculated that the incuse coinage dies were aligned by simply placing marks on the dies which were hand aligned prior to striking (The US mint still does this to test new die designs). If this was done here, the celator truly “missed his marks.” This is a rarer variety, perhaps because of early die failure due to continued misalignment?

[Electronic Auction 436 (23 January 2019), lot 36. BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. Fourrée Nomos (27mm, 6.36 g, 12h). Tripod, legs terminating in lion’s feet; crab to right / Incuse tripod; linear crab to right. SNG ANS 244 var. (ethnic); HN Italy 2078. Good VF, thin plating missing in areas. A plated contemporary counterfeit, very rare and unusual for the incuse series.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Sale 436 (23 January 2019) lot 36 (hammer $525); Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 298 (13 March 2013), lot 8; Elsen FPL 218 (Oct./Nov. 2001), no.

27.

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Ex Hunt Collection

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 40] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (26mm, 7.58 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; JRo to left; to right, heron standing left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief; JRo to left; to right, heron standing left. Gorini 11; Attianese 19; HN Italy 2081; SNG ANS 248–9; SNG Ashmolean 1467; SNG Lloyd 596; Hunt II 212 (this coin). Good VF, attractive dark iridescent tone.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 40 (hammer $2750); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 51305 (August 2014); Numismatica Ars Classica 78 (26 May 2014), lot 1355; Classical Numismatic Group 50 (23 June 1999), lot 453; UBS 45 (15 September 1998), lot 102; Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection (Sotheby’s New York, 21 June 1990), lot 212.

From the consignor: This is an interesting coin on two levels. Once again the reverse (incuse) design is larger than the obverse, which surely led to a shortened die life. It also has the reverse heron and ethnic on opposite sides to how they appear on the obverse die. My suspicion is this is a mismatched pair of dies that were not intended to be used together.

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 42] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Forty-eighth Nomos(?) (8mm, 0.15 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; retrograde orJ to right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but no wreaths. Roma XV, lot 35; Roma XIV, lot 38; Roma XII, lot 50; otherwise unpublished in the standard references. VF, toned. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Waddell inventory 52103 (August 2015); Heidelberger Münzhandlung 64 (20 November 2014), lot 37.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 82] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (27mm, 8.05 g, 12h). Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; Jro to left; to right, heron standing left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief; Jro to left; to right, heron standing left. Gorini 11; Attianese 19; HN Italy 2081; SNG ANS 249 (same obv. die); SNG Ashmolean 1467; SNG Gale 1023 var. (ethnic on rev.); SNG Lloyd 596; BMC 9; Hunt 212; Traité I 2153. VF, deep old iridescent tone.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 82 (hammer $2250); Triton I (2 December 1997), lot 163.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 83] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 530-500 BC. AR Nomos (25.5mm, 7.84 g, 11h).

Spread incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; o-r-J clockwise around from right, with heron standing right on the o / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief.

Gorini 9; Attianese 17; HN Italy 2082; SNG ANS 252 (same obv. die); SNG Ashmolean 1465; SNG Gale 1024; McClean 1651. Near EF, toned, small area of flat strike on obverse. Rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 83 (hammer $1550); G. Hirsch 293 (25 September 2013), lot 2055; Sternberg XXII (20 November 1989), lot 27.

From the consignor: The legend is retrograde and disbursed around the tripod: the initial letter J is in the right field, the r is found in the exergue, and the o is in the left field, upon which the heron stands. This is a very unusual legend layout for the entire Kroton coinage. Before 300 BC, the J (koppa) would be replaced with the more familiar K.

Kroton – Temesa Alliance Issue One of Three Known

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 84] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Alliance issue with Temesa. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (26mm, 7.97 g, 12h). Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of two lines, the upper dotted; Jro to left / Incuse Corinthian helmet left; broad rayed border. Stazio pl. 21, 4; Gorini 10; Attianese 29; Giesecke pl. 3, 1; HN Italy 2096; ACGC 618; Basel 204; Traité I 2170. VF, toned, minor double strike.

Extremely rare, only two examples are published (Attianese and Gorini illustrate the Basel [Moretti] piece, while ACGC, Giesecke, Stazio, and Traité illustrate the example in Berlin).

From the Gasvoda Collection, Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 84 (hammer $25000); purchased from Antiqua (Steve Rubinger); Goldberg 69 (29 May 2012), lot 3014; “New York Collection” (Nomos 5, 24 October 2011), lot 108; Gorny & Mosch 190 (11 October 2010), lot 41.

From the consignor: Temesa was located on the western side of the Italian peninsula and was known to have producing copper mines. The city had historically been affiliated with, and likely protected by, Sybaris. When Kroton defeated Sybaris in 510 BC, the alliance with Temesa was transferred to Kroton. As was the case with many affiliated cities, Kroton issued coins identifying the relationship. These coins likely were issued by Temesa as well. The city was lost to the Locri around 480 BC, and joint coinage ceases after this date, but resumes sometime after 475 BC (see lot 106, below). This is an extremely rare example of the incuse type for this alliance and probably the finest in private hands.

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Gorini and Attianese Plate Coin

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 41] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (23mm, 7.99 g, 9h). Medium incuse issue. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; JRo to left / Incuse eagle flying right, leg in relief. Gorini 6 (this coin illustrated); Attianese 8 (this coin illustrated); HN Italy 2095; SNG ANS 288 var. (orientation of ethnic); SNG Lloyd –; SNG Lockett 608. EF, toned. Exceptional strike.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 41 (hammer $8500); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 50692 (2013).

From the consignor: This is the finest coin I have encountered of this type. The engraving style surely indicates a master engraver was involved with both dies on this issue. Note the incuse eagle reverse is of a perfect size and completely spans the tripod obverse allowing for the obverse design to be fully struck up.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 85] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (23mm, 7.90 g, 12h).

Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; crab to left, orJ to right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief, and serpents in relief rising from middle foot; octopus to left; to right, outline of dolphin upward. Gorini 18 (same dies as illustration); Attianese 35 (same dies as illustration); HN Italy 2090; SNG ANS 251 (same dies); Hunterian 3 (same dies); Jameson 418 (same dies). Good VF, light iridescent toning. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 85 (hammer $30000); Edward J. Waddell inventory 50695 (2013); Leu 77 (11 May 2000), lot 62.

From the consignor: Overall, I think this example is superior to either the ANS or Gorini pieces. The ANS example is sharp, but badly doubled on the obverse, and the Gorini one is very weak on the octopus. A very rare type that is missing from most major collections.

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 43] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Nomos (22.5mm, 7.77 g, 12h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; to left, heron standing left; retrograde orJ to right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief. Gorini 20; Attianese 45; HN Italy 2102; SNG ANS 259–60; SNG Ashmolean 1473 (same rev. die). Good VF, toned.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex CNG inventory 929911 (August 2012); Colin E. Pitchfork Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 90, 23 May 2012), lot 322; Triton II (1 December 1998), lot 121.

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[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 86] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Third Nomos – Drachm (19mm, 2.68 g, 12h). Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, two serpents rising from the bowl; Jro to left, crab to right, maeander-like pattern in exergue / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief and no serpents; Jro to left. Gorini –; Attianese 26 var. (symbol to left and ethnic to right on rev.); HN Italy 2086 var. (same); SNG ANS 300 var. (same; same obv. die); Gorny & Mosch 212, lot 1067 = Gorny & Mosch 204, lot 1066 var. (form of ethnic). EF, deeply toned. Well centered and good metal for denomination. Extremely rare, and unpublished in the standard references.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 86 (hammer $2250); Gutekunst Collection (Roma VII, 22 March 2014), lot 52; Gorny & Mosch 211 (4 March 2013), lot 43; Gorny & Mosch 199 (10 October 2011), lot 53.

[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 44] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Third Nomos – Drachm (16mm, 2.71 g, 11h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; Jro to left; to right, heron standing left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief. Gorini –; Attianese 63; HN Italy 2105; SNG Ashmolean 1495; SNG Copenhagen 1757. Good VF, find patina, a few light marks, double struck on reverse. Good metal for denomination. Rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Nomos 11 (9 October 2015), lot 20; Münzen und Medaillen AG FPL 605 (December 2000), no. 9.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 87] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (23.5mm, 8.03 g, 12h).

Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of three lines, the center dotted; Jro to left; to right, heron standing left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief; Jro to left; to right, heron standing left. Gorini –; Attianese –; HN Italy 2093 var. (no ethnic on rev.); cf. SNG ANS 248–9 (spread incuse issue); SNG Ashmolean 1467 (same dies); Pozzi 731. Good VF, toned. Rare as a medium incuse issue.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 87 (hammer $1900); Edward J. Waddell inventory 52221 (August 2015); Sternberg XX (20 April 1988), lot 140.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 111 (29 May 2019), lot 45] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Sixteenth Nomos – Obol (7.5mm, 0.37 g, 9h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; Jro to left / Incuse eagle flying right. Gorini –; Attianese 28; HN Italy 2110; SNG Gale 1050 var. (position of ethnic); SNG Lloyd 603 var. (same). VF, toned. Very rare.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Waddell inventory 51880 (February 2015).

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 88] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (22.5mm, 7.90 g, 3h).

Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of two lines, the upper dotted; Jro-ton at sides / Incuse eagle flying right. Gorini 7; Attianese 14 (same dies as illustration); HN Italy 2095; BMC 33; McClean 1662 (same dies). EF, deeply toned. Well centered and struck on a broad flan. Rare with ethnic in this orientation.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 88 (hammer $7000); Gorny & Mosch 219 (10 March 2014), lot 18; Gorny & Mosch 125 (13 October 2003), lot 50.

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 89] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 500-480 BC. AR Nomos (23.5mm, 7.79 g, 9h).

Medium incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet, set on basis of two lines, the upper dotted; Jro-to at sides / Incuse eagle flying right. Gorini 8 (same obv. die as illustration); Attianese 10 (same obv. die as illustration); HN Italy 2095; SNG ANS 286 = Weber 1003 (same obv. die); Basel 196 (same obv. die); Bement 278 (same dies). VF, lightly toned. Well centered on a broad flan.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 89 (hammer $3500); Classical Numismatic Group 94 (18 September 2013), lot 58 (misattributed to spread flan issue); Münzen und Medaillen AG 52 (19 June 1975), lot 56.

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[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 42] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.99 g, 4h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; orJ to right / Incuse eagle flying right, leg in relief. Gorini 27; Attianese 54; HN Italy 2108; SNG ANS 294–7: SNG Lloyd 601 var. (ethnic); Dewing 500 (same obv. die); McClean 1667 (same dies). Good VF, toned. Bold eagle. Well centered strike.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 42 (hammer $5000); Classical Numismatic Group Inventory 955016 (18 June 2013); Classical Numismatic Group 57 (4 April 2001), lot 57.

From the consignor: This second example of the incuse eagle design is a later version of the preceding lot. The eagle is incredible yet the obverse die is of just average talent, and worn from use. Die wear on the reverse border shows the degradation seen with this difficult die combination.

Ex Comte Chandon de Briailles Collection Extremely Rare Issue

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 43] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Nomos (19mm, 7.52 g, 3h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; notorJ to left; to right, heron standing left / Incuse tripod as obverse, but wreaths in relief. Gorini –; Attianese –; HN Italy 2102 var. (ethnic); SNG ANS –; SNG Ashmolean –; SNG Lloyd –; Dewing –; Jameson –; Weber –. VF, toned, possibly overstruck. Extremely rare with this form of ethnic.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 43 (hammer $1300); G. Hirsch 293 (25 September 2013), lot 2057; Auctiones AG 13 (23 June 1983), lot 66; Comte Chandon de Briailles Collection (Part I, Bourgey, 17 June 1959), lot 84.

From the consignor: I am a big fan of trying to understand minting techniques for the incuse coinage. Here is a most unusual example of a die pair that was rotated 90 degrees at the time of striking. As this happened during the “dumpy” period (when the flans got smaller and thicker), the die alignment may not have been as critical as was the case for earlier “spread flan” minting. The dumpy flan period allowed for the use of other cities’ coins to be used directly as undertypes – as was the case here.

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 44] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 480-430 BC. AR Nomos (18.5mm, 6.97 g, 11h). Dumpy incuse type. Tripod, legs surmounted by wreaths and terminating in lion’s feet; to left, heron standing right / Incuse tripod as obverse, but [wreaths in relief]. Cf. Gorini 29; Attianese 45; HN Italy 2102. Near VF, dark iridescent tone, typical compact flan.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 44 (Hammer $220); Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 284 (8 August 2012), lot 27.

From the consignor: This is another dumpy nomos with mismatched and rotated dies. [See previous lot] 26

Ex Hermitage Museum Collection

[Classical Numismatic Group 109 (12 September 2018), lot 47] BRUTTIUM, Kroton. Circa 425-350 BC. AR Nomos (21mm, 7.53 g, 7h). Eagle with closed wings standing left, head right, on the head of a stag right / Tripod with high neck surmounted by wreaths, legs terminating in lion’s feet; ivy leaf to left, Jro to right. Attianese 104; HN Italy 2146; SNG ANS 352 (same dies); SNG Lloyd 607 (same obv. die); Boston MFA 183 (same obv. die); Gillet 231 (same obv. die); Gulbenkian 127 = Sartiges 64 (same dies); Hermitage Sale II 188 (this coin); Kraay & Hirmer 269 = Bement 282 (same dies). Good VF, deep cabinet tone, usual minor die breaks on obverse.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Classical Numismatic Group Mail Bid Sale 109 (12 September 2018) lot 47 (hammer $3250); Edward J. Waddell Inventory 49586 (August 2013); G. Hirsch 166 (16 May 1990), lot 48; Münzen und Medaillen AG FPL 487 (April 1986), no. 2; Münzen und Medaillen AG XXVIII (19 June 1964), lot 29; Hermitage Museum Collection (Schlessinger 13, 4 February 1935), lot 188.

From the consignor: Following the incuse eagle series, Kroton embarked on an extensive series of Eagle/Tripod coinage of the typical raised design on both sides. For the next 75 years this generic type would be the dominant theme for Kroton. Many eagle arrangements are seen and are collectible as a subtype for this series.

The Finest of Eight Known

[Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 106] BRUTTIUM, Temesa. Circa 475-425 BC. AR Nomos (17.5mm, 8.00 g, 9h).

Tripod with high neck surmounted by wreaths and legs terminating in lion’s feet; a pair of greaves flanking / Crested Corinthian helmet right; te7 below. Stazio pl. 21, 10; HN Italy – (see below); Basel 234 (same dies); Garrucci pl. CXVI, 27; Jameson 464 (same dies); CNG 72, lot 170 (same dies); NAC 48, lot 22 = NAC 8, lot 107 (same dies); Peus 407, lot 141 = MuM AG 61, lot 32 (same dies). EF, toned. Remarkable quality for issue. Extremely rare, the finest of approximately 8 known.

From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex Triton XXII (9 January 2019) lot 106 (hammer $42500); Baron Lorne Thyssen-Bornemisza & Dr. Thomas S. Kaplan Joint Collection (Numismatica Genevensis SA IX, 14 December 2015), lot 5; Star Collection (LHS 102, 29 April 2008), lot 54; Leu 86 (5 May 2003), lot 263.

From the consignor: A second example of this famous alliance between Kroton and Temesa, but this time after the brief loss of control to the Lokroi. The raised relief example is nearly as rare as the incuse variety, but here it includes the ethnic below the helmet “TEM.” As recently as the publication of Historia Nummorum Italy (2001), many scholars had dismissed this issue as the product of modern forgers (cf. HN p. 193). This conclusion was primarily founded on the forgery of this type created by Becker in 1828 (Hill 14), combined with the extreme rarity of the extant examples. Nonetheless, a few examples are known that are clearly not pieces from Becker’s dies (e.g. Basel 234). Perhaps most significantly, these scholars overlooked the existence of an example in F. Carelli’s manuscript catalogue of 1812 (C. Cavedoni, Francisci Carellii Numorum Italiae Veteris Tabulas CCII [Leipzig, 1950], pp. iii and 97), which clearly existed at least 15 years prior to Becker’s forgeries.

Very little is known today about the history of Temesa (also known as Tempsa) other than that the city was either of Aitolian or Phocaian origin, and is thought to have been linked to the city of Sybaris. Following Kroton’s destruction of Sybaris, Temesa was apparently dominated by Kroton, as evidenced by this coin type. These nomoi feature the tripod, the civic badge of Kroton, and were paralleled by a similar issue at Kroton (see lot 84, above, for information on these issues). From the later fifth century BC, Temesa was conquered by a number of other cities until finally falling under Roman domination. With the chaos of its later history, it is not surprising that this is its sole known coinage.

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All descriptions and photographs courtesy of

CNG Classical Numismatic Group, LLC

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