Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019 Proceedings

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sfo{ljj/0f Proceedings

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f (Proceedings)

@ kmfu'g @)&% -14th Feb 2019_

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

e"ldsf pBdzLntfnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] ;Djfxssf] ?kdf klxrfg ug],{ ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]u– Joj;fo Pjd\ gofF o'jf pBdL aLrsf] ;DaGw lj:tf/sf] k|lqmof sf] klxrfg ug],{ gofF k|ltef, k|ljlw, >[hgzLntf;Fu} pBdzLntfnfO{ k|j4{g / ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf ;lxt pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] klxrfg ug],{ o'jf pBdLnfO{ pBf]u Joj;fodf nfUg clek|l] /t ug]{ sfg'g Pjd\ cGo k|fjwfgsf af/]df klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo ;lxt cfof]hgf ul/Psf] g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( df ;a} If]q, txsf ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;xeflutfn] kl/;+3sf] k|ofznfO{ yk pmhf{ Pj+ pT;fx ldn]sf] 5 . pBdzLntf /f]huf/L ;[hgfug{ Pj+ gjLgtd ;f]r–k|of]usf]nflu dxTjk"0f{ dfWod x'g;Sb5 . ;+3Lo, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo :t/sf] cfly{s j[l4 / ;du| cfly{s ljsf;sf] qmddf pBdzLntf s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] 5 . gjLgtd ;f]r / cj;/sf] ;dod} k|of]un] pBdLx?n] /fli6«o / :yfgLo :t/df cfly{s kl/jt{g / k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf j[l4 ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]u–Joj;fodf ;+nUg :jb]zL Pjd\ ljb]zL pBdLx?, gofFk|ljlw / sfo{of]hgf ;lxt pBdzLntfsf] k|j4{gdf ;+nUg o'jf pBdLx?, g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt If]qsf kbflwsf/Lx? of]hgf ljb\x?, cy{ljbx?, /fhgLlt1x? Pj+ kqsf/x?sf] ;d]t pNn]Vo ;xeflutf / ;lqmotfn] ;d]t xfdL cem a9L xf}l;Psf 5f}+ . g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf nflu pTk|/] 0ff sf] cfjZostf cGo d'ns ' sf] t'ngfdf cem a9L 5 .

To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu nufgLd}qL jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgfug',{ ;+:yfut ;]jflbg] ;]jfx?nfO{ ;/nLs/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ug',{ ljQdf ;/n, ;xh / lgoldt kx'Fr x'g,' ;/sf/L gLlt cg'sn" x'g,' lzIff / tflndsf] Joj:yfaf6 pBdzLntf ljsfz ug'{ cflbnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ klg /fli6«o, If]lqo / cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfg, e]63f6x'g cfjZos 5 . kl/;+3n] cfkm\gf] ljutsf cg'ej, xfn b]zdf pBdzLntfsf] lasfzdf b]lvPsf ;Defjgf / cGt/f{li6«o, If]lqo Pjd\ ax'/fli6«o cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ ;+ufn]/ Pp6f a[xt, k|efjsf/L, ;Gb]zd"ns / sfof{Gjog of]Uo Federal Nepal-Opportunities for Investment and Growth ljifodf ljifout 5nkmn u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;+3Lo, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo txdf pBdzLntf b]lv cf}Bf]luss/0f ;Dd ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] gjLgtd ;f]r, o'jf, dlxnfx?sf] a9L 7

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;xeflutfdf To:tf] ;'emfj k]z ug]{ of] sfo{ ljj/0f pkof]uLx'g] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}F . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3, g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljzfn ldl8of u|k' ;d]tsf] ;x cfof]hgfdf lghL If]qsf k|ltlglw d"ns ;+:yfx?n] o'jf pBdL Pj+ ;DefJo pBdLx?nfO{ :yflkt eO{;s]sf pBdLx?n] cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;f6\g] / ljutdf pBdLn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] kL8f ef]Ug' gk/f]; / d'ns ' n] xfncfP/ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cfkm\gf] P]g sfg'gx? ;d]t ;do ;fk]If ?kdf kl/jt{g ub}{ nlu/x]sf] / s]xL cfly{s P]gx? kl/jt{g ug]{ qmddf /x]sf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt If]qsf pBdL, Joj;foL, ljBfyL{, o'jf Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}n] pBdzLntf ;DaGwdf ;d]t 7f]; ;'emfj lbO{ s;/L k|efjsf/L pBdzLntf k|aw{gug{ ;lsG5 eGg]df 5nkmn, lgisif{ / ;'emfj lgsfnL o; sfo{ ljj/0fdf k|:t'tug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf 5f}F . g]kfnsf] Jofkf/3f6f lrGtf / rf;f]sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . o;df gjLgtd ;f]r k|ljlw / pBdzLntfsf] dfWodaf6 Jofkf/3f6f 36fpg' lgtfGt cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkf/df k|lt:kwL{ x'g g]kfnL j:t'sf] pTkfbg / lgsf;L of]Uo j:t' k|lt:kwL{ x'g' kg]{ jf:tljstfnfO{ Wofglbb} o; ;Dd]ngaf6 Jofkf/3f6f 36fpg] tkm{ 7f]; sfo{ut ;'emfj ;d]t cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3 / ljzfn ldl8of u|'ksf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht o; sfo{qmdn] ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] e"ldsf v]Ng] / ;~rf/ hutdf a9L;] a9L pBdzLntf af/]sf ;"rgfk|jfx, ;Dk|]if0f af6 o'jf pBdLx? pBdzLntftkm{ cu|;/ x'g]5g\ eGg] ck]IfflnPsf 5f}F . d'ns ' sf] gofF ;+ljwfg cfO;s]kl5 tLg} txsf r'gfj ;DkGgeO tL lgsfox?n] cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{ tLj| utLdf ug]{ hdsf]{ u/L sfo{qmdx? / sfo{ut of]hgf NofO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df Federal Nepal: Opportunities for Investment and Growth eGg] gf/f ;lxt cfof]lht o; ;Dd]ngn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf / k|bz] sf] tLj|t/ cf}Bf]luss/0fsf ;DefJotfsf] klxrfg, cfjZostfsf] cWoog / If]qut÷j:t'ut sfo{qmdsf] th'd{ fdf ;d]t o;n] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ck]Iff lnO{Psf] 5 . cGtdf, o; ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] ;a}df xflb{s cfef/ ;lxt s[t1tf 1fkg ub}{ cfufdL lbgx?df ;d]t ;xof]u, ;b\efj / ;dGjosf] ck]Iff kl/;+3n] /fv]sf] 5 . xl/ eQm zdf{ cWoIf r}q @)&%

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f / lgisif{ (In Summary)

cfly{s j[l4sf nflu pBdzLntfsf] dxTj / pBdzLntf ljsf;df cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] af/]df ;Dd]ngdf ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / lghL If]qsf] pRr:t/sf] g]t[Tjn] JoQm u/]sf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r / k|ltj4tfn] g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf] nflu cg'sn' jftfj/0f aGb}5, o;sf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/x? aGb}5g\ / pBdzLntf ul//x]sf / ug{ rfxg] ;a}sf] eljio ;'vb /xg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3n] @)&% kmfu'g @ ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!(Ú ;kmn ePsf] 5 . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3, g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfno, pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno / ljzfn ldl8of u|k' ;d]t cfof]hs /x]sf] o; ;Dd]ngdf /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L, k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, k"jk{ |wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú, cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dft[sf ofbj, k|b]z ;/sf/sf dGqLx?, ;+3Lo ;f+;b\x?, k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?, ljleGg cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?, dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, k|d'v bnsf g]tfx?, k"j{ k|zf;sx?, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf kbflwsf/L, cf}Bf]lus Joj;flos k|lti7fgsf k|ltlglwx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, pBdL tyf Joj;foLx?, ;DefJo o'jf pBdLx?, ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt pT;fxhgs /x\of] .

;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo"af6 ;d'b3\ f6g tyf ;Daf]wg ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] kfg;df jlQ afln g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] ljlwjt ;d'b\3f6g ub}{ d'n'sdf gof“ ;f]r / hf]z ePsf o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLntfdf / ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pgLx?sf] nflu cg's"n aftfj/0f agfO{ ;3fpg' kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . pBdzLntf ljsf;n] :j]bzdf g} /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf] nflu o'jfx? ljb]z hfg' gkg]{, :jb]zdf pTkfbg j[l4 9

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

o'jfnfO{ pBdzLntf dfkm{t cfly{s ljsf;df k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{, pgLx?df /x]sf 1fg, Ifdtf, bIftf / lj1tfnfO{ pkof]u ug{'kg]{df aStfx?n] hf]8 lbg' eof] . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ngsf] p2]Zoaf/] k|sfz kfb}{ o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLntfk|lt cfslif{t ug{ / knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;3fp k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] of] ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] :ki6 kfg'e{ of] . jflif{s % nfveGbf a9L o'jf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ljb]zdf hfg], t/ g]kfndf sfd ug]{ >dzlQm gx'g' b'ef{Uo ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf ljrf/ /fVg' eof] .

x'g], cfoft Joj:yfkgsf] ;fy} lgof{t j[l4 x'g], j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf Nofpg ;xof]u ug]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . …af“b/sf] cufl8 s]/f / k};f kmflnlbof] eg] af“b/n] s]/f l6K5, k};f l6Kb}g . af“b/nfO{ of] yfxf x'“b}g ls Tof] k};fn] w]/} s]/f lsGg ;lsG5 . dnfO{ nfU5 hflu/ vfg' s]/f l6Kg' h:t} xf] eg] pBd ug'{ k};f l6Kg' xf]Ú rLgsf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQm HofSdfsf] egfO{ pb[t ub}{ k"j{dGqL ;'/]Gb| kf08]n] eGg'eof] . …hlt hf]lvd lng ;lsof] Tolt g} pBdzLntf agfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] xfd|f ljBfyL{nfO{ hf]lvd jxg ug{ l;sfpg' k5{Ú >L Po/nfO{G; k|flnsf k|aGw lgb]z{ s ;'wL/ ldQnn] eGg'eof]–…hf]lvd p7fpg] lxDdt gu/];Dd ;kmntf cfp“bg} / pBdzLntf klg km:6fp“bg} .Ú

pBdLnfO{ ;Ddfg u/f}+ ;Dd]ngdf pBdLnfO{ ;Ddfghgs ?kdf x'g{' kg]{ / …a9L gfkmf, a9L v'zLÚnfO{ ;a}n] cfTd;fy ug'k{ g]d{ f aQmfx?n] hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{ pkfWoIf 8f= uf]ljGb/fh

ljsf;sf] cfwf/ æoj' f hgzlQmÆ g]kfndf o'jf hgzlQm w]/} /fd|f] ePsf] / o;sf] ;d"lrt kl/rfng x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbOof] . g]kfnL 10

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

yfkfn] eGg'eof]–…h'g lbg;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhdf d'gfkmf sdfpg' ck/fw xf], kfk xf] eGg] dfGotf /lx/xG5 ta;Dd b]z aGb}g\ .Ú k"jd{ GqL dx]z a:g]tn] eGg'eof]–…:s'n vf]Ng, v]n d}bfg agfpg, af6f] dfUg, k'n dfUg dfG5] cfp“5g\ . t/ pBf]u vf]N5' eg]/ dfG5] cfp“bg} g\ . lsgsL oxf“ pBf]u Joj;fo ug]n{ fO{ OHht lbO{Pg .Ú g]kfn d]l8l;6L c:ktfnsf k|aGw lgb]z{ s pk]Gb| dxQf]n] eGg'eof]–…/fhgLlt ug]n{ ] dGqL x'“bf uj{ u/]h:t} Joj;fo ug]n{ ] k};f sdfPsf]df, wgL ePsf]df uj{ ug'k{ 5{ . ;fy}, sdfPsf] k};f dWo] s]xL lxtsf/L sfddf vr{ ug'k{ 5{ .Ú

kf]v/n]n] eGg'eof]–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, g]tfx?sf] gfd ufp“ufp“df ;a}n] lrG5g\ . t/, ;a}eGbf a9L s/ ltg]s { f] gfd s;}n] ;'gs ] f] x'“bg} . s/bftfsf] ;Ddfg / klxrfg ePg . g]kfnL ;dfhdf /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug],{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg hLjgz}nL ckgfpg]nfO{ /fd|f] gh/n] x]l/b}g . gful/s ;dfhdf clnslt kmfObf x'g] s'/f u/\of] eg] s:tf] Jofkf/Lsf] h:tf] ;f]r eg]/ xf]RofOG5 . k|zf;lgs txdf klg pBdL Joj;foLnfO{ x]k/] Jojxf/ ePsf] Joj;foLx?n] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf af]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . s] pBf]u Joj;fo ug',{ gfkmf sdfpg' unt sfd xf] < …a9L gfkmf x'g', a9L v'zL cfh{g ug'{ xf] . ha;Dd xfdL gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg ;Sb}gf}+, Joj;foLnfO{ gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg] jftfj/0f lb“b}gf}+, ta;Dd pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf nflu plrt jftfj/0f ePsf] dfGg ;lsb}gÚ 8f= kf]v/n]n] eGg'eof] . k"jd{ GqL tyf g]kfnL sf“u;|] sf ;+f;b uug

pBdLs} gh/df æ/fd|f] cj;/Æ ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL jQmfx? dWo] ;kmn pBdLx?sf] gh/df klg g]kfndf pBf]u Jofkf/ ug{ w]/} /fd|f] cj;/ 5 . g]kfnLsf] cfo:t/ a9\b} hfg', pkef]Uo ;+:s[lt a9\g,' ul/jL 36\g,' u'0f:t/Lo 11

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

…d bfjfsf ;fy eG5'–……g]kfndf h:tf] Joj;fo ug{sf] nflu /fd|f] cj;/ ljZjsf c? s'g} klg b]zdf 5}gÚÚ u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3sf ;+:yfks cWoIf Pj+ g]kfn d]l8l;6L c:ktfnsf k|aGw lgb]z{ s pk]Gb| dxQf]n] eGg'eof] .

a:t' tyf ;]jf vl/bsf] nflu g]kfnLx? pRr d"No ltg{ tof/ x'g', @) b]lv $) jif{ pd]/sf &% nfv o'jf g]kfndf x'g' Joj;foLx?sf] nflu w]/} /fd|f ;+s]t x'g\ . g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3sf jl/i7 pkfWoIf z]v/ uf]N5fn] klg g]kfndf pBdLsf] nflu /fd|f] cj;/ ePsf] atfpg' eof] . …ul/aL $) k|ltztaf6 @$ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ pkef]Uo Ifdtf klg a9]sf] 5 . pTkflbt a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ahf/ 7"nf] ePsf] 5 . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf pkfWoIf cg'hs'df/ cu|jfnn] eGg'eof]–;d:of g} cflj:sf/sf] hggL xf] . hxf“ ;d:of 5, Toxf“ Joj;fo ug{ w]/} cj;/ 5g\ . xfdL sxf“ af6f] 5}g t af6f] agfpg] cj;/ 5 . hxf“ pBf]u 5}g, Toxf“ pBf]u vf]Ng] cj;/ x'G5 . af6f] 5, pBf]u 5, ;a}lt/ /fd|f] 5, To;df s] sfd ug]{ < aQL gx'“bf klg xfdLn] cj;/ b]v/] hnljB'tdf nufgL u/]sf xf}+ .

k"h “ Ldf kx'r“ lj:tf/ hflu/ eGbf Joj;fo ubf{ /fd|f] eg]/ dfq x'“bg} . b}lgs ;/b/ #) j6f sDkgL btf{ x'g] u/]sf /x]5g\ . b}lgs #) j6f gof“ sDkgL cfp“bf g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; Jofks ?kdf x'gk' g]{ xf], t/ To:tf] b]lvb}g . To;sf] d'Vo sf/0f k"“hLdf kx'“rsf] sdL ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf] lgisif{ 5 . pBdL aGgsf] nflu k"“hL rflxG5, t/ ljZj a}s + sf] Ps l/kf]6{ cg';f/ !)) ?k}of“ shf{ lng #^$ k|ltzt ;DklQ lwtf] /fVg'k5{ . :6f6{ck km08sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . o:tf w]/} ljifodf ;'wf/ x'g' h?/L 5 . …Joj;fo ug{ s'g} o'jf cufl8 a9\of], 12

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

OlSj6L, e]~r/ Soflk6n nufotsf ljQLo cf}hf/sf] k|of]u sd ePsf]n] klg pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf k"“hLsf] cefj b]lvG5, k"j{ a}s + / ;'dg hf]zLn] eGg'eof] . sf]l/ofdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug]{ ;dodf Toxf“sf a}s + n] lgIf]kstf{nfO{ !@ k|ltzt Jofh lbPsf], t/ ;/sf/L cg'bfgdf a}s + n] pBdLnfO{ ^ k|ltzt Jofhdf shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] pbfx/0f lbb} k"jd{ GqL ;'/G] b| kf08]n] To:t} gLlt g]kfnn] klg cjnDag ug'k{ g]{ atfpg'eof] . cy{ dGqfnosf ;x–;lrj dw' d/fl;gLn] ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ljQLo kx'r“ a9fpg ePsf k|of;af/] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

z'?df p;nfO{ k};f x'“bg} . h;f]t;f] k"“hL h'6fP/ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hof] eg] p;nfO{ ;/sf/L lgsfon] k|fT] ;fxg ub}g{ , lg?T;flxt kf5{Ú ;f+;b uug yfkfn] atfpg' eof] . k"jd{ GqL a:g]tn] eGg'eof]–pBf]uL Joj;foLx?nfO{ gub cg'bfg lbg] ;jfndf cy{dGqfno lgs} ;+s'lrt 5 . k'ln; jf ;]gfdf % xhf/ b/aGbL yKg jf gof“ lgo'QmL ug{ ;/sf/ ;xh aG5, t/ Pp6f pBf]u vf]Ng / To;af6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/fpg ;/sf/n] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] x'“b}g . pBf]u btf{ ug{ hf“bf sd{rf/Ln], ;/sf/sf dfG5]n] ls l;Q}df ;]o/ dfU5g\ ls ;f]em} k};f dfU5g\ . …$%=# k|ltzt o'jf;“u gof“ cfO8Lof 5, t/ k};f 5}g . pBdzLntf / ;d[l4 ;a}sf] d'vdf em'l08Psf] 5 . t/, To; cg';f/sf] cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5}g . ljQLo kx'“r ;fx|} sd 5Ú ljhg]z clS;hg P08 8Nn] :6f]/sf k|aGw lgb]z{ s l;4fGt/fh kf08]n] eGg'eof] . a}s + x?n] lagf lwtf] C0f lbg ufx|f] dfG5g\ . k|fOe]6

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;Dd]ngsf ;a} jQmfn] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] dxTjsf] rrf{ u/] . ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] dfq xf]Og, 7"nf pBdLx?n] klg ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]unfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . …clxn] ;+;f/sf] 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] wgL / u/La aLrsf] vf8n g} xf] . To;nfO{ k'gs { f nflu 3/]n' 13

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g g} dxTjk"0f{ xltof/ xf] . cfh klg 7"nf pBf]uLsf] gfkmf b}lgs al9/x]s} 5g\ . ;d:ofdf k/]sf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uL x'g\, ltgsf] k|j4{g cfjZos 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g eof] eg] e|i6frf/ klg sd x'G5 . ;d[l4 klg cfp“5Ú pk]Gb| dxtf]n] eGg'eof] .

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ a}s + af6 C0f kfpg klg ufx|f] ePsf] / o; If]qdf Go'gtd tna / pTkfbsTj clej[l4df klg ;d:of ePsf] z]v/ uf]N5fsf] egfO{ 5 . g]kfndf pBf]unfO{ !% b]lv @) k|ltzt;Dd ;+/If0f ePklg pTkfbg nfut a9L ePsf]n] pBf]ux? k|ltikwL{ aGg g;ls/x]sf] uf]N5fsf] egfO{ 5 . :yfgLo txd} 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g ul/g' k5{ . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]udf 7"nf] hgzlQm klg Tolx“ 5 . ;+;f/sf] ^# k|ltzt pBdzLntf cfkm\g} nufgLaf6 cf/De ePsf] xf] . ;+;f/sf] () k|ltzt /f]huf/L t 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uaf6} k|fKt e}/x]sf] 5–kl/;+3 pkfWoIf cu|jfnn] eGg'eof] . …7"nf] nufgL ug'{ dfq pBdzLntf xf]Og . ;fgf ;fgf nufgLaf6 d'No clej[l4 -Eofn' P8_ eO{/fv]sf] 5 eg] Tof] klg pBdzLntf xf]Ú ljzfn ldl8of u|k' sf cWoIf /fh]Gb| s];Lsf] egfO{ 5 . ;f+;b dx]z a:g]tn] eGg'eof]–pBf]u ug{sf] nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of hUuf k|flKt xf] . lah'nLsf] ld6/ hf]8\g] b]lv kfgL, 9n hf]8\g] sfddf klg pBdLnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;d'bfoaf6 kof{o ;xof]u ePsf] 5}g . nufgLsf If]qx? ;Dd]ngdf nufgLsf If]qaf/] ef}uf]lns / a:t'ut If]qsf cfwf/df dxTjk"0f{ jx; eof] . ef}uf]lns lx;fjn] ;ft} k|bz] nufgL cfsif{s If]q b]lvG5g\ . ;DalGwt k|bz] sf ;/sf/x? s;/L cfkm\gf] If]qdf nufgL cfslif{t ug]{ eg]/ u[xsfo{df nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Dd]ngdf nufgLstf{n] gfkmf x'g] If]qdf nufgL ug{ tof/ ePsf] dfq atfpg' eof] . t/, /fhgLlts

g]t[Tjn] gfkmf / ;Ddfg b'as } f] cfZjf;g lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf ;a} k|bz] sf dGqLn] g5'6fO{ eg]sf] afSof+z xf]– …xfd|f] k|bz] df nufgL ug'x{ f];\, xfdL tkfO{“x?sf] nufgLsf] ;'/Iff / gfkmfdf ;'lglZrtf u5f}{+ . nufgLstf{s { f] nflu /ftf] sfk]6{ n] :jfut ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .Ú dGqLx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] k|bz] df t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L ePsf] ef}uf]lns nfe, jftfj/0fLo nfe, ahf/ / hg;+Vofsf] nfeaf/] k|:t'lt lbg' ePsf] lyof] . k|bz] ;/sf/x?n] s/df 5'6 lbg], a}s + C0fdf s]lx k|ltzt Jofh 5'6 lbg], >d d}qL jftfj/0f agfpg], x8\tfn d'Qm pBf]u If]qx? lgdf{0f ug],{ pBf]u;Dd ;8s, kfgL, ljh'nL h:tf k"jf{wf/ ;/sf/n] agfO{lbg] k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . # gDa/ k|bz] sf pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL c?0f g]kfnn] pBf]u, hnljB't, s[lif, ko{6g, vfgLsf If]q nufgLsf] nflu k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] atfpg'eof] . u08sL k|bz] sf pBf]u dGqL ljsf; nD;fnn] To; If]qdf xf]6n, l/;f]6,{ xf]d:6], rsn]6 pBf]u, :ofp / :6«a/] Lsf] Joj;flos pTkfbg, jfO{g pBf]usf] ;Defjgf /fd|f] ePsf] atfpg' eof] . d'lQmgfysf] kfgL af]6lnª u/]/ ef/t nufot ljZjsf lxGb'x?nfO{ a]Rg ;lsg] atfpg' eof] . u08uL k|bz] n] clxn] klg ljB'tdf ^@ k|ltzt of]ubfg lbPsf] rrf{ ub}{ o; k|bz] df # xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] atfpg' eof] . ko{6g, s[lif / hl8a'6L pBf]ux?sf] k|j4{g ug]{ nIo;lxt cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/sf] Wofg uPsf] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] . s0ff{nL k|bz] sf pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL gGbl;+x a'9fn] s0ff{nLdf hnljB't, s[lif, hl8a'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg, lxdfnL hgfj/ tyf k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwgdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?df nufgL ug{ cfu|x ug'e{ of] . g]kfnsf & k|bz] dWo] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e"uf]n s0ff{nL k|bz] df ePsf], !% nfv hg;+Vof ePsf], :jR5 xfjfkfgL ePsf], !) jif{;Dd s/ 5'6sf] 14

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

Joj:yf ug{ nfu]sf]n] o; If]qdf nufgL ug{ pxf“n] cfu|x ug'e{ of] . lxdfndf Rof+u|f / rf}/L kfn]/, df;', rLh / pmgL pTkfbg u/]/, vlghdf cfwfl/t pBf]u vf]n/] , /f/f / kmf]S;'08f] If]qdf xf]6n vf]n/] pRr gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] . ;'b/' klZrd k|bz] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jtfj/0f dGqL dfof e§n] o; If]qdf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, tfdf / kmnfd vfgLdf cfwfl/t 7"nf pBf]u, j}Bgfy wfddf cfwfl/t wfld{s ko{6g k|j4{gdf cfwfl/t Joj;fo, hl8a'6Ldf cfwfl/t pBf]u, gbLhGo kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]u, hnljB't If]qdf nufgL ubf{ pRr gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] atfpg' eof] .

clwsf/ If]qdf ljjfb–;dfwfgdf hf]8M ;+3Lotfkl5 s]Gb| ;/sf/, k|bz] ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr clwsf/df ljjfb ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|bz] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] k|bz] df pBf]u nufp“bf !) k|ltzt s/ 5'6 lbg vf]hs ] f], t/ s]Gb| ;/sf/n] cg'dlt glbPsf], e"ldsf] clwsf/ s]Gb| ;/sf/df ePsf]n] pBf]usf nflu cfjZos e"ld Joj:yfkg ug{ s]Gb| ;/sf/n] ;xof]u gu/]sf] h:tf] d'2f k|bz] ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] p7fpg' eof] . ;+3n] k|bz] nfO{ clwsf/ glbPsf] eGg] cf/f]k nfUbf :yfgLo txx?n] k|bz] af6 clwsf/ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL 8f=oj' /fh vltj8fn] atfpg' eof] . …;a} clwsf/ tn lbg'k5{ eGg], t/ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ 36fpg gx'g] k|j[lQ 5 .

1fg af“8/] a9\5, t/ clwsf/ af“8\bf 36\5Ú dGqL vltj8fn] eGg'eof] . cy{dGqL vltj8fn] ;+3Lo sfg"gx? ;+ljwfg cg';f/ lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf], ;+3, k|bz] / :yfgLo txsf ;femf clwsf/sf ;"lrx?sf] sfof{Gjog e};s]sf], ;femf / Psn clwsf/sf ljifodf jfbljjfb / ax; ul//xg' gkg{] atfpg'eof] . ;+ljwfgn] hn, h+un / hldg, vlgh vfgLx? dfly s]Gb| ;/sf/s} :jfldTj /fv]sf] pNn]v ub}{ ;/sf/n] af6f] b]vfpg], gLlt lgod agfpg] / nufgL ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] . pBdzLntf ljsf;sf] nflu hldg Joj:yfkg, cf}Bf]lus If]q lgdf{0f, ;8s, lah'nLsf] Joj:yfkg ;/sf/n] ul/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g ;+zf]wg x'g nfu]sf] / ;+3, k|bz] / :yfgLo txdf s:tf s:tf pBf]u vf]Ng] eGg] k|i6 kfg{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;+:yfut cfos/, Eof6 nufotsf laifodf s]Gb| ;/sf/sf] If]qflwsf/df /x]sf], vf; If]qdf ;/sf/n] vf; ;'ljwf lbg ;Sg], eG;f/ nufotsf s/sf b/ ;dfof]hg ub{} n}hfg], g]kfnL pBf]u k|ltikwL{ agfpg ;+/If0f ug{] gLlt Nofpg] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

lgof{td"ns pBf]udf hf]8 ;Dd]ngdf a}bl] zs Jofkf/ 3f6f pRr ePsf]df /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx?, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf, pBf]uL Joj;foL ;a}n] lrGtf JoQm ug'{eof] . …pBf]u k|j4{g gug]{ afgL, cfoft u/]/ vfgLÚ ;+:sf/ / k|j[lt xfdLn] TofUg'k5{–xl/eQm zdf{n] eGg'eof] . pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu k'/fgf sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/L nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f agfpg l9nfO eO/x]sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ;Dd]ngdf cy{dGqL o'j/fh vltj8f / kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] g]kfnLx? hUufdf nufgL u/]/ wgL ePsf] ts{ ub}{ ha;Dd hUuf lsg]ar] 5f]8/] pBf]udf nufgL ug]{ / pTkfbg a9fpg] jftfj/0f aGb}g, pBf]u rnfpg]sf] OHht / ;Ddfg a[l4 x'“bg} , ta;Dd jf:tljs pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; gx'g] / cfly{s ljsf;df ;xof]u gk'Ug]df hf]8 lbg'eof] . s'g pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ s:tf] hgzlQm rflxPsf] xf], To;sf] nflu cfjZos /f]:6/ agfpg nfu]sf], lgof{t Jofkf/nfO{ ;xh agfpg] lqj]0fLwfd;Dd kfgL hxfh Nofpg] nfluPsf], g]kfnsf] kfgL, hgtfsf] nufgL cleofg z'? ePsf], 7"nf pBf]ux? g]kfndf :yfkgf x'g] qmddf /x]sf] k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] atfpg'eof] .

15

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;'/lIft nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfpg ;/sf/ k|ltj4 5Ú k|wfgdGqLsf] egfO{ 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] hnljB't, vfgL, cfw'lgs v]tLdf nufgL ug{ pBdLnfO{ cfu|x ug'e{ of] . pxf“n] cf}Bf]lus/0fsf nflu hUuf Plss/0f ug]{ atfpg'eof] . pBf]dGqL ofbjn] d'ns ' nfO{ ;d[4 agfpg lghL If]qsf pBf]uL Joj;foL / ;/sf/aLr ;xsfo{ / xft]dfnf] u/]/ g} cl3 a9\g' kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . pBf]udGqL ofbjn] cfoftd'vL dfgl;stf Tofu]/ lgof{td'vL dflg;stfsf] ljsf; gu/];Dd d'ns ' df pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

sfg'gL ;'wf/df hf]8 k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] Ps jif{df ;+ljwfgcg';f/sf w]/} gof“ sfg"g lgdf{0f ePsf, ;/b/ % lbgdf Pp6f gof“ ljw]os ;+;bdf k]z ePsf], To;df w]/} sfg"gx? Joj;flos jftfj/0f agfpg], pBf]u Jofkf/ k|j4{gdf ;3fpg] vfnsf ePsf] atfpg'eof] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{ pkfWoIf 8f= uf]ljGb/fh kf]v/]nn] ljut !) jif{df /fhgLlts ;+/rgf w]/} ag], t/ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf lbg] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf Wofg guPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] @)^$ ;fnotf !@@ j6f sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ eP, t/ pBdlzntf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ vfnsf !@ j6f sfg"g dfq ag]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …;+ljwfgdf gful/s clwsf/, /fhgLlts clwsf/sf s'/f w]/} cfP . cfly{s clwsf/sf] s'/f sd eof]Ú 8f= kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof] .

ljsf;zLn b]z agfpg] k|0f k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] % jif{df g]kfnsf] ul/aL !) k|ltztdf emfg]{ / g]kfn ;g\ @)#) leq lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|fKt u/L ljsf;zLn b]z agfpg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'e{ of] . 8f= kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ ;xz|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ jflif{s !& ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ -sl/a !* va{ ?k}of“_ nufgL x'gk' 5{, t/ To;cg';f/ nufgL cfPs} 5}g . ljb]zL nufgL leq\ofpg] eg]/ w]/yf]/ k|of; ePklg g]kfnsf] 8'Oª ljhg]z OG8]S; sdhf]/ /x]sf]n] ljb]zL nufgL gcfPsf], :jb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ plrt k|fT] ;fxg gePsf] pxf“sf] egfO{ 5 . k"jk{ |wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnn] lghL If]qnfO{ pko'Qm x'g,] pBdLnfO{ gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ aftfj/0f agfpg nfu]sf], ;f]xL cg';f/ sfg"g agfpb} u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . …d / k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL ldn]/ ;d[l4sf] ofqfnfO{ ult lbg nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . t/, sxf“ uf7f] kof]{ xfdL x]b5{} f}Ú+ bfxfnn] eGg'eof] .

;/sf/ / lghL If]qaLr ;xsfo{ k|wffdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, k"jk{ |wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn, cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dft[sf ofbj nufot ;a} ;/sf/L jQmfn] lghL If]q;“u ;xsfo{ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] k|ltj4tf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . …xfdL ljsf; u/L 5f8\g] ;+sNkdf 5f}+ . ;/sf/ / lghL If]q b'a} ljsf; u/]/} 5f8\g] ;+sNkdf 5f}+ . s] s] ;'wf/ ug'{ kg{] xf], lghL If]qn] P]gsf] d:of}bf agfP/ Nofcf];, xfdL 5nkmn u/]/ sfg"g agfp“nfÚ k|wfddGqLn] eGg'eof]–nufgL af]8d{ f d cWoIf 5' . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{ ;b:o x'gx' G' 5 . lghL If]qsf c? k|ltlglwx? klg af]8d{ f ;b:o x'gx' G' 5 . Pp6} 6]an' df a;]/ sfd ul//fv]sf 5' . afwf Jojwfg cfP eg] b]vfpg';,\ d x6fO{lbG5' eg]s} 5' . t/, ;/sf/n] nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f agfPg geGg'xf];\ .Ú …;'ts ] f a]nf cfgGbn] lgbfpg] / p7]sf a]nf km'tL{ hfUg] jftfj/0f agfp“5f}+ . qf; /lxt, ckdfg /lxt 16

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

cfufdL sfo{lbzf (Way Forward)

g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3n] @)&% kmfu'g @ ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …gk] fn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!(Ú n] dxTjk"0f{ lgisif{x?;lxt s]xL cfufdL sfo{lbzf lgb]z{ g u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ePsf] pBdzLntf ;Dd]ngdf b]zsf /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, k"jk{ |wfgdGqL, cy{dGqL, pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{dGqL, k|bz] ;/sf/sf dGqLx?, ;+3Lo ;f+;b\x?, k|bz] ;efsf ;b:ox?, ljleGg cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?, dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, k|dv ' bnsf g]tfx?, k"j{ k|zf;sx?, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo

dxf;+3sf kbflwsf/L, cf}Bf]lus Joj;flos k|lti7fgsf k|ltlglwx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, pBdL tyf Joj;foLx?, o'jf pBdLx?, ;+rf/sdL{x? ;xefuL dfq ePgg\, ;a}n] …pBdLsf] dxTjaf/]Ú af/] jx; u/] / cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; clgjfo{ /x]sf] efjgf, ;f]r / k|ltj4tf eP eg] lbge/sf] k|:t'lt, 5nkmnaf6 pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfufdL dfu{ lrq -way Forward_ lgDgcg';f/ x'gk' g]{ / ;/sf/af6 o;nfO{ gLltut Pjd\ sfg'gL ?kdf g} Joj:yf u/L cl3 a9\gk' g]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

!= ;Dd]ngdf g]kfndf ePsf] o'jf hgzlQm g} g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] OlGhg ePsf] ;a}n] cfTd;fy u/]sf 5g\ . o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ g]kfndf g} pBdL agfpg] jf plrt /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ u/L gLlt lgdf{0f ug'k{ g],{ o'jfx?df cfkm\g} b]zsf] eljio /fd|f] 5 eGg] ;Gb]z km}nfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . @= g]kfnL o'jfnfO{ pBdzLntfdfkm{t cfly{s ljsf;df k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fpg' kg],{ pgLx?df /x]sf 1fg, Ifdtf, bIftf / lj1tfnfO{ pkof]u ul/g' kb{5 . o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ pBdL agfpg ;s]df :j]bzdf g} /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug],{ /f]huf/Lsf] nflu o'jfx? ljb]z hfg' gkg],{ :jb]zdf pTkfbg j[l4 x'g,] cfoft k|lti7fkgsf] ;fy} lgof{t j[l4

x'g,] j}bl] zs Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf Nofpg ;xof]u ldNg]5 . #= hlt hf]lvd lng ;lsof] Tolt g} pBdzLntf agfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] xfd|f ljBfyL{nfO{ hf]lvd lng l;sfpg' k5{ . hf]lvd p7fpg] lxDdt gu/];Dd ;kmntf cfp“bg} / pBdzLntf klg km:6fp“bg} . $= a9L gfkmf x'g,' a9L v'zL cfh{g ug'{ xf] . ha;Dd xfdL gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg ;Sb}gf},+ Joj;foLnfO{ gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg] jftfj/0f lb“bg} f}+ ta;Dd pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf nflu plrt jftfj/0f ePsf] dfGg ;lsb}g . %= /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug],{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg hLjgz}nL ckgfpg]nfO{ /fd|f] gh/n] x]l/g' kb{5 . s/bftfsf] 17

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

pRr ;Ddfg x'gk' 5{ . 7"nf s/bftfsf] klxrfxg j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g'k5{ . ^= /fhgLlt ug]n{ ] dGqL x'b“ f uj{ u/]h:t} Joj;fo ug]n{ ] k};f sdfPsf]df, wgL ePsf]df uj{ ug'k{ 5{ . ;fy}, sdfPsf] k};f dWo] s]xL nf]s lxtsf/L sfddf vr{ ug'k{ 5{ . &= ;kmn pBdLx?sf] gh/df klg g]kfndf pBf]u Jofkf/ ug{ w]/} /fd|f] cj;/ 5 . g]kfnLsf] cfo:t/ a9\b} hfg', pkef]Uo ;+:s[lt a9\g,' ul/jL 36\g,' u'0f:t/Lo a:t' tyf ;]jf vl/bsf] nflu g]kfnLx? pRr d"No ltg{ tof/ x'g,' @) b]lv $) jif{ pd]/sf &% nfv o'jf g]kfndf x'g' Joj;foLx?sf] nflu w]/} /fd|f ;+st] x'g\ . *= ;d:of g} cflj:sf/sf] hggL xf] . g]kfndf cln a9L ;d:of 5g\ / oxf“ g} w]/} cj;/ klg 5g\ . cd]l/sf / o'/f]kdf nufgLstf{x?n] ;d:of, cK7\of/f, r"gf}tL x'G5g\ . t/ s'g} klg pBdLsf] nflu Joj;fo ug{ g]kfndf h:tf] /fd|f] cj;/ ljZjsf c? s'g} klg b]zdf 5}g . (= b}lgs ;/b/ #) j6f sDkgL btf{ x'g] u/]sf /x]5g\ . b}lgs #) j6f gof“ sDkgL cfp“bf g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; Jofks ?kdf x'gk' g]{ xf], t/ To:tf] b]lvb}g . To;sf] d'Vo sf/0f k"h “ Ldf kx'r“ sf] sdL / Joj:yfksLo 1fgsf] sdLn] pBdzLntf ljsf;sf jfwfx? 5g\ . !)= pBdL aGgsf] nflu k"h “ L rflxG5, t/ ljZj a}s + sf] Ps l/kf]6c{ g';f/ g]kfndf !)) ?k}of“ shf{ lng #^$ k|ltzt ;DklQ lwtf] /fVg'k5{ . :6f6{ck km08sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . !!= pBf]uL Joj;foLx?nfO{ gub cg'bfg lbg] ;jfndf cy{dGqfno lgs} ;+s'lrt 5 . k'ln; jf ;]gfdf % xhf/ b/aGbL yKg jf gof“ lgo'QmL ug{ ;/sf/ ;xh aG5, t/ Pp6f pBf]u vf]Ng / To;af6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/fpg ;/sf/n]

;xof]u ul//x]sf] x'“b}g . !@= $%=# k|ltzt o'jf;“u gljgtd ;f]r 5, t/ k};f 5}g . a}s + x?n] lagf lwtf] C0f lbg ufx|f] dfG5g\ . k|fOe]6 OlSj6L, e]~r/ Soflk6n nufotsf ljQLo cf}hf/sf] k|of]u sd ePsf]n] klg pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf k"h “ Lsf] cefj b]lvG5 . !#= sf]l/ofdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug]{ ;dodf Toxf“sf a}s + n] lgIf]kstf{nfO{ !@ k|ltzt Jofh lbPsf], t/ ;/sf/L cg'bfgdf a}s + n] pBdLnfO{ ^ k|ltzt Jofhdf shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} gLlt g]kfndf cfjZos 5 . !$= Joj;fo ug{ s'g} o'jf cufl8 a9\5 . z'?df p;nfO{ k};f x'b“ g} . h;f]t;f] k"h “ L h'6fP/ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hof], p;nfO{ ;/sf/L lgsfon] k|fT] ;fxg ub}g{ , lg?T;flxt kf5{ . ;/sf/L lgsfon] 3'; dfU5 . /fd|f] ;Defjgfsf] pBf]u b]Vof] eg] l;Q}df ;]o/ dfU5 . o:tf] ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ul/g'k5{ . !%= ;d[l4sf] gf/f ;a}sf] d'vdf em'l08Psf] 5 . t/, s;/L k|flKt x'G5 eGg] ljifodf gLlt lgdf{tf / lg0f{ostf{n] kof{Kt Wofg lbg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . !^= k|wffdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, k"jk{ w| fgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn, cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dft[sf ofbj nufot ;a} ;/sf/L jQmfn] lghL If]q;“u ;xsfo{ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] k|ltj4tf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . pBdzLntsf] ljsf; / cfly{s ;d[l4df pxf“x?sf] bl/nf] ;+sNk 5 . k|wfgdGqL s]xL zdf{ cf]nLn] % jif{df g]kfnsf] ul/aL !) k|ltztdf emfg]{ / g]kfn @)#) leq lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|fKt u/L ljsf;zLn b]z agfpg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 . !&= ;xz|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ jflif{s !& ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ -sl/a !* va{ ?k}of“_ nufgL x'gk' 5{, t/ To; cg';f/ nufgL cfPs} 5}g . ljb]zL nufgL leq\g g]kfnsf] 8'Oª ljhg]z OG8]S; -Doing Business_ df ;'wf/ cfpg h?/L 5 .

18

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

:jb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ plrt k|fT] ;fxg h?/L 5 . !*= ;+3Lotf kl5 s]Gb| ;/sf/, k|bz] ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr clwsf/df ljjfb ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|bz] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] k|bz] df pBf]u nufp“bf !) k|ltzt s/ 5'6 lbg vf]hs ] f], t/ s]Gb| ;/sf/n] cg'dlt glbPsf], e"ldsf] clwsf/ s]Gb| ;/sf/df ePsf]n] pBf]usf nflu cfjZos e"ld Joj:yfkg ug{ s]Gb| ;/sf/n] ;xof]u gu/]sf] cfjfh k|bz] ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] p7fPsf 5g\ . !(= …1fg af“8/] a9\5, t/ clwsf/ af“8b\ f 36\5Ú eGg] dfGotf s]Gb| ;/sf/df b]lvG5 . cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ 36fpg gx'g] k|jl[ Q 5 . @)= sfg'gL ;'wf/df ;/sf/ / lghL If]q ;a}n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . ljut !) jif{df /fhgLlts ;+/rgf w]/} ag], t/ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf lbg] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf Wofg guPsf] b]lvG5 . @)^$ ;fnotf !@@ j6f sfg'g lgdf{0f eP, t/ pBdlzntf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ vfnsf !@ j6f sfg'g dfq ag]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+ljwfgdf gful/s clwsf/, /fhgLlts clwsf/sf s'/f w]/} cfP . cfly{s clwsf/sf] s'/f sd ePsf] 5 . @!= ;Dd]ngdf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] dxTjsf] w]/} rrf{ eof] . ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] dfq xf]Og, 7"nf] pBdLx?n] klg ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]unfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . @@= ;+;f/df wgL / ul/a aLrsf] vf8n a9\bf] 5 .

To;nfO{ k"g{ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g g} dxTjk"0f{ ljlw xf] . @#= pBdL aGg rxfg]n] l;Sg] cj;/ / plrt tflnd lng] / pBdzLntf ljsf;sf] cefj g]kfndf 5 . o:tf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgfdf ;/sf/n] lgltut Joj:yf / sfo{qmd ul/g'kb{5 . @$= o'jf pBdLnfO{ gofF Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k"FhL / gofF k|ljlwsf] pknAwtf csf]{ ;d:of ePsf]n] k"FhL / gofF k|ljlwsf] gofF

Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ug'{kg]{ . @%= pBdzLntf tYof+s a}s + -Entreprenureship Data Bank_ o;qmddf o'jf pBdLx?nfO{ cslif{t ug]{ gofF pkfo xf] . o;}n] ;/sf/n] 8f6f a}s + sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug'k{ g]{ . @#= 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ a}s + af6 C0f kfpg klg ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . o; If]qdf Go'gtd tna / pTkfbsTj clej[l4df klg ;d:of 5 . pgLx?sf] a9\bf] nfut 36fpg ;/sf/n] cg'bfg lbg] gLlt lng'k5{ . @$= ;+;f/sf] () k|ltzt /f]huf/L t 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uaf6} k|fKt e}/x]sf] 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]udf hgzlQm klg 7"nf] 5, ;+;f/sf] ^# k|ltzt pBdzLntf cfkm\g} nufgLaf6 cf/De ePsf] xf] . :yfgLo txd} 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g ul/g'k5{ . @%= s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f, s[lif, kz'kfng / hl8a'6Ldf cfwfl/t pBf]u, vfgL pBf]u, hnljB't pBf]u, ko{6g, k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux? nufgLsf k|fyldstfsf If]q x'g\ . o; If]qdf ug]{ nufgLnfO{ ;/sf/n] klg ;xof]u u5{ . @^= pBf]u k|j4{g gug]{ afgL, cfoft u/]/ pkef]u ug]{ peef]uQmfjfbL ;+:sf/ / k|jl[ t xfdLn] TofUg'k5{ . clxn] hUufdf nufgL u/]/ wgL aGg] xf]8afhL rn]sf] 5 . of] bLuf] ljsf;sf cfwf/ xf]Og . ha;Dd hUuf lsg]ar] 5f]8/] pBf]udf nufgL ug]{ / pTkfbg a9fpg] jftfj/0f aGb}g, pBf]u rnfpg]sf] OHht / ;Ddfg a[l4 x'b“ g} , ta;Dd jf:tljs pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'b“ g} . @&= pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; / ;f]raf6 dfq d'ns ' sf] ;d'Gglt / ?kfGt/0f ;Dej x'g] oyfy{tfnfO{ b[li6ut ub},{ o; k|sf/sf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{ / o; cy{df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo / k|bz] txdf ;d]t gLlt / sfo{qmd Nofpg'kg]{ ;Dd]ngsf] hf]8 lyof] .

19

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!(

(Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019)

sf] sfo{ ljj/0f (Proceedings) k[i7e"ld u0ftGq, ;+3Lotf;lxtsf] gof“ ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf], :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ Pj+ ;+3Lo ;/sf/ lgdf{0f eO{ tLg} txsf] ;/sf/n] sfd yfn]sf] / ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx?, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/ If]q nufot ;a} txaf6 pRrb/sf] cfly{s ljsf;df hf]8 lbO/x]sf], ;/sf/, lghL If]q / a}b]lzs ltg} txaf6 Joj;flos nufgLdf hf]8 lbO{/x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3n] @)&% kmfu'g @ ut] …g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!(Ú cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . …;+3Lo g]kfnM nufgL / ;d[l4sf] cj;/Ú -Federal Nepal; Opportunities for Investment and Growth_ kl/;+3n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] o; ;Dd]ngnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{dGqfno, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno ;d]t cfof]hs /x]sf] o; ;Dd]ngdf ;x cfof]hs ljzfn ldl8of ;d]t ;lDdlnt lyof] .

j[xt pkl:ylt / k|ltj4tf ;Dd]ngsf] ;d'b\3f6g ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] ug'{eof] . ;Dd]ngsf] aLrdf k|wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{sf] cWoIf v8\uk|;fb cf]nLn] ljz]if dGtJo lbg'eof] . ;Dd]ngsf] ;dfkg k"j{k|wfgdGqL tyf g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{sf] cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ún] ug{'eof] . ;Dd]ngdf cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dft[sf ofbj, k|b]z ;/sf/sf dGqLx?, ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf ;f+;b\x?, k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?, ljleGg cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?, dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, k|d'v bnsf] g]tfx?, k"j{ k|zf;sx?, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf kbflwsf/L, cf}Bf]lus Joj;flos k|lti7fgsf k|ltlglwx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, ;ft} k|b]zsf pBdL tyf Joj;foLx?, / o'jf pBdLx?, ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] pT;fxhgs pkl:ylt lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf pkl:ylt hlt /fd|f] lyof], pgLx?sf] 20

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;f]r, k|:t'lt / cleJolQm TolQs} pT;fxhgs lyof] . ;a}df b]lvPsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r, cfly{s j[l4sf nflu pBdzLntfsf] dxTj / pBdzLntf ljsf;df cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] af/]df aStfx?n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/ lgs} pkof]lu Pjd\ ;fy{s lyof] .

nflu o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug{, nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ / ;/sf/L ;]jfnfO{ ;+:yfut / ;/nLs/0f Pj+ ;'b[9 ug{ Joj;flos lzIff / tflndsf] Joj:yf u/L pBdzLntfaf/] /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ug{'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . pBdzLntf ljsf;n] :j]bzdf g} /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf] nflu o'jfx? ljb]z hfg' gkg]{, :jb]zdf pTkfbg j[l4 x'g], cfoft k|lti7fkg ;fy} lgof{t j[l4 x'g], j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf Nofpg ;xof]u ug]{ ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] . g]kfndf o'jfx?sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] / Tof] hgzlQmnfO{ g]kfndf g} nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f agfpg ;s]df b]zn] ljsf;df l5§} km8\sf] dfg]{

pb\3f6g ;q /fhwfgLsf] xf]6n ofs P08 oltdf g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ngsf] sf7df8f}+df pb\3f6g ub}{ /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] d'n'sdf gof“ ;f]r / hf]z ePsf o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLntfdf nfUg ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f agfpg cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf

21

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

ljZjf; pxf“sf] 5 . /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] h:t} ;Dd]ngsf w]/} jQmfn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] nflu o'jf hgzlQmsf] dxTj, To;sf] kl/rfngdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ;/sf/sf] gf/f …;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÚsf] cleofgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg g]kfnL o'jfnfO{ pBdzLntf dfkm{t cfly{s ljsf;df k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{, pgLx?df /x]sf 1fg, Ifdtf, bIftf / lj1tfnfO{ pkof]u ug{'kg]{df /fi6«kltsf] hf]8 5 . gof“ ;f]r / hf]z ePsf o'jfsf nflu plrt jftfj/0f lbg ;s] g]kfnL o'jf ljZj ahf/df k|ltikwf{ ug{ ;Ifd x'g] /fi6«kltsf] ljZjf; 5 . pb\3f6g ;qdf af]Nb} pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dft[sf ofbjn] d'n'snfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] cleofgdf ;xof]u ug{ lghL If]qsf pBf]uLx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . pBf]udGqL ofbjn] cfoftd'vL dfgl;stf Tofu]/ lgof{td'vL dflg;stfsf] ljsf; gu/];Dd d'n'sdf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; gx'g] atfpg'eof] . casf] g]kfnsf] cy{tGq cfoftd'vL geO{ lgof{td'vL x'g'kg]{ / Jofkf/3f6f sd ug{ pTkfbg a9fpg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] pxf“sf] egfO{ 5 . dGqL ofbjn] ;+d[å g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnL ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ ;/sf/ lghL If]q;“u ;xsfo{ ug{ cft'/ ePsf], ;/sf/ / Joj;foL Psh'6 eP/ b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'kg]{df ljz]if Wofg cfs[i6 ug'{eof] . …clxn]sf] cj:yfdf sf]xL klg ljeflht x'g'x'b}“g, ;/sf/ / pBf]uL xft]dfnf] u/]/ g} cl3 a9\g'k5{ .Ú pb\3f6g ;qsf] :jfut dGtJo /fVb} g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLntfk|lt cfslif{t ug{ / o'jfx?nfO{ ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;3fp k'/fpg] pb]Zon] of] ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . ;Dd]ngn] g]kfndf pBd ljsf;, nufgL

/ To;sf nflu cfjZos gLltut tyf sfg'gL Joj:yfsf ljifodf 7f]; wf/0ff to ug{ klg ;xof]u k'Ug] cWoIf zdf{sf] wf/0ff 5 . …a}b]lzs Jofkf/3f6fdf Jofks c;Gt'ng 5, o;nfO{ 36fpg ;a}n] pBdzLntfdf hf]8 lbg'k5{Ú zdf{n] hf]8 lbb} eGg'eof]–…pBf]u k|j4{g gug]{ afgL, cfoft u/]/ vfg]Ú ;+:sf/ / k|j[lt xfdLn] TofUg'k5{ . pxf“n] k'/fgf sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/L nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f agfpg l9nfO eO/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . nufgLsf] plrt jftfj/0f agfpg tLg} txsf ;/sf/ lhDd]jf/ / k|lta4 x'g'kg]{ pxf“sf] egfO{ 5 . …cfly{s ;d[lb\sf nflu lghL If]q ;/sf/;“u xft]dfnf] u/]/ cl3 a9\g tof/ 5, t/ cem} klg ;'wf/sf y'k|} sfd af“sL 5g\, ljZjf;of]Uo jftfj/0f alg;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnnfO{ s;/L blIf0f Pl;ofs} pTs[i6 nufgL uGtJo agfpg ;lsG5 < To;tkm{ ;a}n] ;f]rf}+Ú zdf{n] eGg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df ljzfn ldl8of u|'ksf sfo{sf/L k|d'v ljzfn u}/]n] ef]lnsf o'jf pBdL g} d'n'ssf] eljio lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ ePsf] oyfy{tfdf o; ;Dd]ngn] o'jf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfufdL vfsf s:tf] x'g] ljifodf dfu{bz{g ug{ ;d]t k'Ug] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] .dGtJo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;d'b\3f6g ;qsf] cGTodf kl/;+3sf jl/i7 pkfWoIf ;ltif s'df/ df]/n] s[t1tf 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

22

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

k|yd ;qdf k|:t'lt tyf 5nkmn

k|b]zx?df /f]huf/L cj;/ / nufgLsf] ;'/Iff (Fostering Investment and Job Opportunities) o; ;qsf] cWoIftf g]kfn ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8fn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;ft j6} k|b]zdf /f]huf/L / nufgLsf] ;'/Iffsf] ljifo /flvPsf] o; ;qdf # gDa/ k|b]z ;/sf/sf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL c?0f g]kfn, u08sL k|b]zsf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL ljsf; nD;fn, % gDa/ k|b]zsL pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL lnnf lu/L, s0ff{nL k|b]zsf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL gGbl;+x a'9f / ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zsf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL dfof eยงn] cfkm\gf] k|b]zdf nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f / pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf ul/Psf sfd / efjL of]hgf ;'gfPsf lyP . o; ;d"xsf] 5nkmndf df]8/]6/sf] e"ldsf ;~rf/sdL{ lbne"if0f kf7sn] u/]sf lyP . k|b]z txdf nufgLsf cj;/ / of]hgf tyf /f]huf/L a9fpg] cj;/ s;sf s] 5g\ < ;DalGwt k|b]zsf dGqLx? / cy{dGqLn] JolQm u/]sf] ljrf/sf ;f/ ;+If]kM

23

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

c?0f g]kfn

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL # gDa/ k|b]z

cfpg cfu|x ul//x]sf 5f}+ . lglZrt k|s[ltsf pBf]ux? lglZrt If]qdf vf]Ng'k5{ eGg] 5 . k|b]z s/df 5'6 lbPsf 5f}+, a}+s C0fsf] s]lx k|ltzt Joxf]/L lbg] ah]6d} Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+ . >d d}qL jftfj/0f agfpg rfxfG5f}+ . x8\tfn d'Qm pBf]u If]qx? lgdf{0f u/f}+ eGg] 5 . k|b]zsf] Oltxf; 5f]6f] 5 . rfx]/ klg w]/} sfd ug{ kfO{/x]sf 5}gf}+ . cg'ej sd 5, sd{rf/L sd 5g\, t} klg sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . pBf]u, hnljB't, s[lif, ko{6g, vfgLsf If]qdf of] cAan k|b]z xf] . nufgL ug'{;\, To;sf] ;'/Iff xfdL u5f{} . clwstd k|ltkmnsf] Uof/]06L ug{]5f}+ .

nufgL k|j4{g / /f]huf/ clej[l4 cfhsf] ;femf Ph]08f x'g\ . # gDa/sf xsdf pBf]u If]qdf nufgL ug{sf nflu ;a}eGbf /fd|f] ;DefJoo'Qm If]q xf] . e"uf]n / cjl:yltn] o;nfO{ nufgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ If]qsf ?kdf :yflkt ul/lbPsf] 5 .

7"nf] ahf/, nufgLsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ /fd|f] olx k|b]zdf 5 . xfdL oxf“ cem} nufgL a9fpg rfxfG5f}+ . /f]huf/L cem} a9fpg ;lsof];\ eGg] ;f]rfO 5 . of] jif{nfO{ pBf]u jif{sf ?kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+ . ah]6df klg /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf 5f}+ . ah]6 agfp“bf g} of] k|b]zsf k'/fgf cf}Bf]lus If]q afx]s k|b]zsf] 5'6\6} cf}Bf]lus If]q agfpg] eGg] sfo{qmd 5 . cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/ agfpg] eg]sf 5f}+ . :yfgLo tx;Dd pBf]uu|fd agfpg] eGg] 5 . Tof] eGbf tNnf] txdf klg ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] k|j4{g ug{] eg]/ ah]6 g} 5'6\ofPsf 5f}+ . :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ # gDa/ k|b]zdf

r'/] If]qsf] ;+/If0f xfd|f] k|b]zsf] s]xL efu r'/]df k5{ . xfdL r'/] hf]ufpg g;lsP jftfj/0fdf 7"nf] hf]lvd cfp“5 eGg] lgisif{df 5f}+ . s]Gb| ;/sf/n] klg s]lx sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] r'/]sf] bf]xg /f]Sg] qmd cf/De ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf nflu lgdf{0fsf sRrf kbfy{ cfjZos k5{ . vf]nfgfnfx?

Af9\b}gg\ . To;sf/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos sRrf kbfy{x?sf] cfk"lt{sf nflu k|b]zdf 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . kof{j/0fLo lx;fan] sd Iflt x'g] s'g} kxf8 pTvgg u/]/ @) b]lv $) jif{;Dd sRrf kbfy{ lgsfNg] af/] ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ . To;f] ubf{ sRrf kbfy{ klg pknAw x'G5 / To;/L lgsflnPsf] 7fp“df zx/ a;fpg klg ;lsG5 .

24

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

ljsf; nD;fn

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL u08sL k|b]z

xfdLn] k|b]zsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] k|b]znfO{ s]Gb|n] x]g{] b[li6sf]0fd} km/s 5 . k|b]zdf nufgL ug{ cfpg';\, /ftf] sfk{]6 cf]5\ofpg tof/ 5f}+ . gfkmf ge} nufgL x'Gg, xfdL gfkmfsf] ;'lglZrttf u/fp“5f}+ . u08sL k|b]zn] b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] Ol~hgsf ?kdf sfd ug{ rfxfG5 . @)@! h'nfO{af6 kf]v/f ljdfg:ynn] b}lgs @) j6f cGt/fli6«o km\nfO6 u/fp“5 . b}lgs $ xhf/ ljb]zL ko{6s u08sL k|b]z cfpg]5g\ . $ xhf/ ko{6s /fVg] xf]6n agfpg cfu|x u5f}{ . xf]6n, l/;f]6{, rsn]6df nufgL ug'{;\ . g]kfnL a|f08sf rsn]6sf nflu pTs[i6 b'w pknAw u/fp“5f}+ . g]kfnsf] rsn]6 ljb]z lgof{t u/f}+ . d'lQmgfysf] kfgL ef/t nu]/ Ps af]tnsf] % ;odf a]Rg ;lsG5 . u08sLdf ;+;f/s} km/s :jfb ePsf] :ofp / :6«a]/L kfOG5 . To;nfO{ pkof]u ug'{;\ . u08sL k|b]zn] klg cfufdL Ps jif{leq nufgL ;Dd]ng ub{}5 . jfOgb]lv, s[lif, ko{6gsf Ps ;o kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug{ ;Dd]ng ug{ nfu]sf xf}+ . :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{5f}+ . xfdLn] Kfo{6gnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf 5f}+ . s[lif xfd|f] csf{] ;an kIf xf] . cuf{lgs pTkfbg ;+;f/e/ km}nfpg ;Sg] ;fdYo{ 5 . ljB'tdf clxn] klg ^@ k|ltzt of]ubfg xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}+ . # xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5 . lrlgof“ nufgLstf{

pT;flxt ePsf 5g\ t/ xfdL g]kfnL nufgLstf{ g} cfpg\ eGg] rflx/x]sf 5f}+ . @% nfv hg;+VofnfO{ xfdL cfkm\g} pTkfbg pkof]u u/fpg] of]hgfdf 5f}+ . k|b]zn] clwsf/ kfPg, hldg kfPg ca xfdL ;+3Lo ;/sf/;“u cf}nf 78\ofP/ s'/f u5f}{ . # ;o xf]d :6] agfP/ ko{6snfO{ /fVg vf]Hb}5f}+ . To;sf nflu #) s/f]8 nufgL ub{5} f}+ .

To;n] ;+:s[ltsf] k|rf/ k|;f/df ;3fp“5 . u08sL k|bz] eg]sf] ;+;f/sf] :ju{ xf] . ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] sf7df8f}–+ kf]v/f af6f] agfP/ @ 306fdf k'Ug] agfO{lbg' k5{ . e}/xjfaf6 cfpg] af6f] agfO{lbg'k5{ . sf]/nfb]lv b'lDsaf;sf] af6f] cfkm}+ agfO{lbG5f}+ .

Uf08sL k|b]zdf @# ca{ ljb]zL nufgL x'“b}5 . To;n] w]/} cj;/x? l;h{gf u5{ . vfnL 38]/Ldf dfq} k};f lsg nufpg'x'G5 < u08sL k|b]zdf nufgL u/]df gfkmfsf] ;fy} k|lti7f klg cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 .

25

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

@)%! ;fnsf :yfgLo lgsfodf s]lx k};f uPkl5 s]lx ;8s ag]sf lyP . xfdLn] *% j6f :yfgLo tx;Dd ;8s n}hfg] of]hgf agfPsf 5f}+ . @ jif{leq sfnf]kq] g} u5f{} . To;n] s]Gb|n] b]v]sf] 6«]lsª ?6 df;]sf] kSsf xf] t/ o;}kfnL @) j6f 6«]lsª ?6 agfp“b}5f}+ . dgf:n', wf}nflu/Ldf gof“ 6«]lsª ?6 agfp“5f}+ . cGo If]qdf klg gof“ gof“ 6«]lsª ?6 agfpg nfu]sf xf}+ . lxdfn hfg

grfxfg]x?sf nflu k~rf;]b]lv kjt{sf] 8f“8} 8f“8f 6«]lsª ?6 agfp“5f}+ . kf]v/f cf;kf;d} 6«]lsª ?6 agfpg nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf nflu :yfgLo tx;“u ;dGjo ug{ vf]h]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] @)!( nfO{ cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ eg]sf 5f}+ . @)@) df lrlgof“ / ef/tLo ko{6s Nofp“5f}+ . @)@@ df @) nfv ko{6s u08sL k|b]zdf leq\ofpg] of]hgf 5 .

gGbl;+x a'9f

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL s0ff{nL k|b]z

s0ff{nL k|b]z ;d[4 e}xfN5 . xfdL;“u ;ayf]s 5, t/ klg xfdL kl5 k/]sf 5f}“ . !* xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't xfdL pTkfbg ug{ ;S5f}+ . % xhf/ d]ufjf6 dfq} pTkfbg u/]/ a]Rg ;lsof] eg] 7"nf] pknlAw x'g]5 . hl8a'6L, k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwg / hgfj/x?sf] dfq} k|j4{g ug{ ;lsof] eg] klg 7"nf] pknlAw xfl;n x'g]5 . g]kfnsf & k|b]zdWo] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e"uf]n s0ff{nL k|b]zdf 5 t/ oxf“ !% nfv dflg; a:5g\ . :jR5 xfjf kfgL 5 . o; If]qdf nufgL ug{ cfpg]nfO{ xfdL /ftf] sfk{]6 cf]5\ofP/ :jfut u5f{}+ . !) jif{;Dd s/ 5'6sf nflu ;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+3Lo ;/sf/;“u n8]/ ePklg of] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fp“5f}+ . Go'g nfutsf] >d xfdL sxf“ pknAw 5 . ;:tf]df bIf sfdbf/ pknAw u/fp“5f}+ . s0ff{nL k|b]z hl8a'6Lsf] wgL 5 . ca xfdL sRrf kbfy{sf ?kdf hl8a'6L lgof{t ub{}gf}+ . k|b]zd} k|;f]wg u/]/ dfq} lgof{t u5f{} . hl8a'6Lsf]

s0ff{nL k|b]zsf tkm{af6 cfkm\gf s'/f pBf]uL Joj;foLnfO{ ;'gfpg kfpg' 7"nf] cj;/ xf] . xfdL uf}/j dx;'; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . s0ff{nL k|b]zn] clxn];Dd cfkm\gf] cyfx k|fs[lts ;|f]t arfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . ca ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] lju'n km'S5f}+ . lxhf] s0ff{nL k|b]zaf/] ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} dtna lyPg . ca xfdL cfkm}+ s0ff{nL k|b]z agfpg ;S5f}+ . of;f{ u'Dafsf] dfq} Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsof], ljZjdf a]Rg ;lsof] eg] c? s]lx rf“lx“b}g, 26

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

k|f]h]S6 a}+s agfp“b}5f}+ . nufgL ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L ug{]5f}+ . k|ltkmn ;'lglZrt ul/lbG5f}+ . s0ff{nLsf lxdfndf Rof+u|f / rf}/L kfn]/ gfkmf ug{ ;lsG5 . df;, rLh / pmgL a]Rg ;lsG5 . tNnf] efudf nufgL ug{ cfpg';\, vlghx?sf vfgL lbG5f}+ .

/f/f / kmf]S;'08f]df xf]6n vf]Ng kfpg] Joj:yf ub{}5f}+ . ;+3Lo ;/sf/;“u cg'/f]w ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . rLg;“u hf]8\g] lxN;f, bfKrf / ltnf+gf gfsf s]lx aif{leq} hf]8\b}5f}+ . kl5 k/]sf] 7fp“df cfP/ nufgL ug'{;\, hgtfn] klg ;Ddfg ug{]5g\ .

dfof e§

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL ;'b'/klZrd k|b]z

hgtf;“u jfrf ul/Psf sfd ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;lsGg eg]/ d Psbd} cflQPsf] 5' . Ps ;/f] n'uf nufpg g;Sg]x?sf] ;+Vof xfdL sxf“ w]/} 5 . To;sf nflu cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf; cfjZos 5 t/ Tof] ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]un] dfq} ul/aL cGTo ug{ ;lsGg .

To;sf/0f cf}Bf]lus/0f cTofjZos 5 . d'n's ;+3Lotfdf uof], # txsf] ;/sf/ aGof] . gful/ssf] ;d:of / cj;/ klxrfg u/]/ sfo{qmd Nofpg ;Sg] ;'ljwf xfdL;“u 5 . ;a} tx ldn]/ ;xsfo{, ;dGjo / ;x cl:yTjsf] dd{ cg';f/ sfd ug'{ k5{ . nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f agfpg' k5{ . ;'b'/klZrd k|b]z eg]sf] cj;/x?sf] vfgL xf] . rf/ wfd dWo]sf] Ps j}Bgfy wfd oxL“ 5 . To;sf] k"jf{wf/ / k|rf/ k|;f/df yf]/} k|j4{g ug{ ;lsof] eg] klg 7"nf] pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] gful/s rfxgf k'/f u/fpg ;/sf/n] dfq} ;Sb}g . xfdLnfO{ lghL If]qsf] ;fy cTofjZos 5 . lghL If]q hxf“ ;zQm x'G5, Tof] b]z / k|b]zn] dfq} ;d[l4 kfp“5 . ;fdfGo /f]huf/L ;d]t lbg g;s]/ 7"nf] o'jf hdft yf]/} k};fsf nflu ef/tdf sfd ul/x]sf 5g\ .

xfdLn] cfkm\gf] hl8a'6Ldf yf]/} k|of; u/\of}+ eg] 7"nf] dfqfdf /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{ ;lsG5 . To;n] Go'g d"Nodf lgof{t e}/x]sf] hl8a'6LnfO{ ;d]t plrt d"No k|bfg ug{]5 . hl8a'6LnfO{{ ot} k|;f]wg ug{] pBf]u vf]Ng'k5{ . xfdL !) s/f]8 nufgLdf hl8a'6L k|zf]wg ug{ :yfkgf ug{] af/] cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ . lghL If]q;“u ;dGjo u/]/ cWoog ub{} nufgL u5f{} . nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfpg zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{] lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] xf] . xfdL;“u gbLhGo kbfy{ / lu6\6L 9'+uf lgof{t u/]/ ;+;f/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 . tfdf / kmnfd vfgL y'k|} 5g\, ltgsf] klg cWoog 27

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To;df klg nufgL ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ cfu|x u5f{} . tLg} txsf ;/sf/n] nufgL d}qL sfg'g agfpg' k5{ . !) jif{b]lv cl3 ga9]sf] 5]nf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] sfd cl3 a9fp“b}5f}+ . jg dGqfnon] cj/f]w u/]sf] lyof], xfdLn] To;sf] uf“7f] km'sfp“b}5f}+ . lghL If]qnfO{ ts{] gh/n] x]g{] sfd aGb ug'{k5{ . xfdL t ;xsfo{ u/]/ ;'b'/klZrd k|b]znfO{ nufgLsf] cfsif{s s]Gb| agfpg k|ltj4 5f}+ .

ca lrof vfP/ Ps 306f ;do s6fpg] lbgsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . cfkm\gf cfof]hgf pb\3f6g ug{ klg ef/tLo km'n pkof]u ug'{kg{] afWotf 5 . lrlgof“, ef/tLo / hfkfgL ;dfgk|ltsf] df]x 36fpg'k5{ . d :s"n] afns x'“bf k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgf agfpg] eGg] ;'g]sf] clxn] klg k|ult ePsf] 5}g . ef/taf6 ljB't lsGg'kg{] afWotf 5 . s/ 5'6 u/]/ ePklg ?U0f pBf]ux?nfO{ ;~rfng ug'{k5{ .

8f= o'j/fh vltj8f cy{dGqL

;a} dGqLx?n] cyfx k|fs[lts ;|f]t / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;Defjgf 5 eGg'eof] . To;sf] pkof]usf nflu lghL If]q;“u ;dGjo ug{'kof]{ eGg] g} xf] . ;+ljwfgn] hn, h+un / hldg, vlgh vfgLx? dfly s]Gb| ;/sf/s} :jfldTj /fv]sf] 5 .

To;nfO{ tn k7fpg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg g} ;+;f]wg ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] af6f] b]vfpg] xf], gLlt lgod agfpg] xf] . nufgL ug{] lghL If]qn] g} xf] . ;a} sfd ;/sf/n] ug{] xf]Og . nfut k|efjsf/Ltfsf cfwf/df nufgL ug{] xf] . cfkm\gf ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ arfP/ lghL If]q cfpg g;Sg] 7fp“df ;/sf/n] nufgL ug{] xf] . w]/} If]qdf xfdL lghL If]qs} e/df 5f}+ . hldg Joj:yfkg, cf}Bf]lus If]q lgdf{0f, ;8s, lah'nLsf] Joj:yfkg ;/sf/n] ug'{k5{ .

To;sf nflu ;+3, k|b]z / s]Gb|n] ;dGjo ug{' k5{ . d sxf“ 5' eGg] s'/fn] b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0fdf

ljQLo ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf] & dlxgf dfq} lat]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf ;+3Lo sfg'gx? ;+ljwfg cg';f/ lgdf{0f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf ;femf clwsf/sf ;"lrx?sf] sfof{Gjog e};s]sf] 5 . ;femf / Psn clwsf/sf ljifodf jfbljjfb / ax; ul//xg' kg{] cj:yf 5}g .

28

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

hfg], k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{] pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg'k5{ . >d, ljB'tsf ;dfwfg ePsf 5g\ . 7"nf k'jf{wf/ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu a}+sx?sf] ;|f]t h'6fpg] Ifdtf klg al9/x]sf] 5 . Aofhb/nfO{ klg clnslt k|]l8S6]an agfpg'kg{] ePsf] 5 . x]lhª\un] ljb]zL lalgldosf] hf]lvd 36fpg] xf] . ljb]zL ljlgod ;DaGwL P]g klg ;+;f]wg x'“b}5 . eG;f/ nufotsf b/dfly klg ;dfof]hg ub{} n}hfg] of]hgf 5 . s]lx xb;Dd cfGtl/s pBf]unfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . xfd|f pBf]u k|ltikwL{ agfpg ;+/If0f ug{] gLlt NofPsf 5f}+ . ;w} ;+/If0f rf“xL lbg ;Sb}gf}+ . ;ft j6} k|b]z ;d[4 eP eg] b]z To;} ;d[4 x'G5 . ;+3n] sfg'g dfq} agfP k'U5 . s;sf] s'/f s'g s'gfdf k'u]/ ;'Gg'kg{] xf] < eGg] k|Zg 5 .

Aofhb/, P]g sfg'gsf ;a} s'/f ;'g]s} 5' . x/]s xKtf pBf]uL Joj;foLsf] s'/f ;'g]sf] 5' . ;'Gg'kg{] s'/f ;'g]s} 5' . Eof6 lkmtf{, s/ 5lnof] eGg] s'/f ;'lGbg, a}+ssf] Aofh ltlb{g eGg] s'/f ;'Gg} x'Gg .

e"ldsf v]N5 . ;+3n] k|b]znfO{ clwsf/ glbPsf] eGg] cf/f]k nfUbf :yfgLo txx?n] k|b]zaf6 clwsf/ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] 5 . ;a} clwsf/ tn lbg'k5{ eGg] t/ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ 36fpg gx'g] k|j[lQ 5 . 1fg af9]/ a9\5 t/ clwsf/L af9\bf 36\5 . pBf]usf nflu sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{] xf] . lghL nufgLsf] ;'/Iff xf] . ;Dkltsf] clwsf/ xf] . s/ lt/]kl5 ;dfhn] :jLsf/ ug{] d'gfkmf kfpg'k5{ . cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gsf] s'/f cfPsf] 5 .

To;nfO{ ;+3Lo k|f?kdf n}hfg] 5f}+ . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf s:tf s:tf pBf]u vf]Ng] eGg] k|i6 ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f agfp“5 . ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g, cf}Bf]lus nufgL k|j4{g P]g / nufgL af]8{ P]g rf“8} ;+;bdf k'Ub}5g\ . xfdL Ps4f/ k|0ffnLaf6 pBf]usf nflu cg'dlt lbg] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . nufgL af]8{af6 klg Ps4f/ k|0ffnLaf6} lbg] Joj:yf ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;+3sf ;jfndf klg Ps4f/ k|0ffnLaf6 sfd ug{] gLlt Nofpg' xf]nf eGg] ;'emfj 5 . s/ 5'6sf ljifox? dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . sltko s/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] g} c;'N5 . ;+:yfut cfos/, Eof6 nufotsf laifodf s]Gb| ;/sf/sf] If]qflwsf/df k5{ . vf; If]qdf ;/sf/n] vf; ;'ljwf lbg ;S5 . /f]huf/L ;[hgf, b'u{d If]qdf

29

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

k|wfgdGqLsf] ljz]if ;Daf]wg g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3n] klxnf]k6s cfof]hgf u/]sf] pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( nfO{ k|wfgdGqL v8\uk|;fb cf]nLn] klg ljz]if dxTj lbg'eof] . kfgL hxfh sfof{nosf] pb\3f6g, k|wfgdGqL :jf/f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De h:tf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|wfgdGqL cf]nL pBdzLntf ;Dd]ngnfO{ ! 306f eGbf a9L ;do lbg'eof] . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] ;Dd]ngdf k|wfgdGqL cf]nLnfO{ …b]zsf ;a}eGbf h'emf?, b]zk|lt ;dlk{t, d[To';“u h'w]/ b]z agfpg cfPsf b]zk|]dL, ljsf; k|]dL, tyf hgtfn] cfz ul/Psf JolQmTj ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLHo"nfO{ :jfut 5Ú eGbf xndf lgs} pT;fx b]lvof] . …cfh w]/}sf] pBdzLntf 5f8]/ hUuf hldg sf/f]af/df dfq} Wofg uPsf] 5 . cfufdL dlxgf ;/sf/n] nufgL ;Dd]ng ub{}5 . of] pBdzLntf ;Dd]ngn] To;df klg ;xof]u ug{]5 . xfdL ;'vL g]kfnL ;d[4 g]kfnsf] cleofgdf ;fd]n x'g\ rfxfG5f}+, To;sf nflu ;/sf/n] ;xhLs/0f u/f];\Ú cWoIf zdf{sf] egfO{ kl5 k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] lgs} pT;flxt x'g] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg'eof] .

k|WffgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLsf] dGtJosf] ;f/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;a} gful/snfO{ cj;/, ;'/Iff, ;Ddfg / clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . Ps jif{df ;+ljwfgcg';f/sf w]/} gof“ sfg"g lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;/sf/ u7gkl5 ;/b/ % lbgdf Pp6f gof“ ljw]os ;+;bdf k]z ePsf] 5 .

To;df w]/} sfg'gx? Joj;flos jftfj/0f agfpg], pBf]u Jofkf/ k|j4{gdf ;3fpg] vfnsf 5g\ . s;}nfO{ a]/f]huf/ x'g glbg] /f]huf/ sfo{qmd cf/De eof] . ca s'g pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ s:tf] /f]huf/ JolQm rflxPsf] xf], Tof] pknAw x'G5 . clg s;nfO{ s:tf] hflu/ rflxPsf] xf] Tof] klg pknAWf x'G5 . d}n] cfh} dfq kfgL hxfh sfof{no pb\3f6g u/]sf] 5' . ca kfgL hxfh ;kgf xf]Og ljkgf e};Sof] . lqj]0fL;Dd ef/tn] ;+/rgf agfO{;s]sf] 5 . Toxf“af6 g]kfntkm{ xfdL Nofp“5f}+ . cfh} dfq} hgtf hnljB't sfo{qmd cl3 a9fO{;s]sf] 5' . To;sf] klxnf] ;]o/ d}n] g} vl/b ug{5] ' . kmfu'g ! ut]nfO{ /f]huf/ lbj; 3f]if0ff ug'k{ 5{ . kmfu'g @ ut] g]kfnsf] kfgL hgtf nufgLsf] cleofg z'? ePsf] 5 . Tof] lbg phf{ lbj; dgfpg ;lsG5 . kfgL hxfhsf] sfd klg cfh}af6 cl3 a9fPsfn] To;nfO{ klg hf]8g\ ;lsG5 .

30

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

hldg 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/\of] . ca cf}Bf]lus/0fsf nflu hUuf Plss/0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . hldg xf]Og ;a} gful/snfO{ cfjf; lbg'k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf 5 . Joj;fodf cfj4 gful/snfO{ hldg Tolt w]/} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf]Og . cfjf; lbP k'U5 . lghL If]q;“u hLjGt ;xsfo{ ug{ tTk/ 5f}+ . cfufdL nufgL ;Dd]ng klg olx s'/fdf s]lGb|t /x]/ cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf xf}+ dfr{ @ ( / #) tfl/vdf . To; nuQ} Ogf]e];g P08 l/;r{ ;dL6 klg cfof]hgf ub{}5f}+ . To;n] b]znfO{ cfw'lglss/0f ug{ ;3fp“5 . pTkfbgsf sfo{df k|ljlwsf] pkof]u lagf pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsGg . k'/fgf] k|ljlwn] v]tdf pTkfbg a9fpg klg ;lsGg . pTkfbg a9fpg pTkfbsTj a9fpg' k5{ / To;sf nflu k|ljlw cfjZos k5{ . k|ljlwsf nflu OGff]e];g P08 l/;r{ cfjZos k5{ . ;dfhjfbsf] ckJofVof u/]/ pNsf eof] . xfdL JolQmjfb lt/ hfg] ls ;dfhjfb lt/ hfg]

s'v'/fsf nflu cfjZos ;a} EoflS;g pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u sfe|]sf] gfnfdf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ca s'v'/fnfO{ j8{km\No'sf] 8/ ;lsof] . xfdL ljsf; ul/ 5f8\g] ;+sNkdf 5f}+ . ;/sf/ / lghL If]q b'a} ljsf; u/]/} 5f8\g] ;+sNkdf 5f}+ . s] s] ;'wf/ ug'{ kg{] xf] lghL If]qn] P]gsf] d:of}bf agfP/ Nofcf];, xfdL 5nkmn u/]/ sfg'g agfp“nf . sfg'g tkfO{n] g} agfpg';\ eGbf klg nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f ag]g eg] s] ubf{ aG5 < nufgL af]8{df d cWoIf 5' . g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{ ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . lghL If]qsf c? k|ltlglwx? klg af]8{df ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . Pp6} 6]a'ndf a;]/ sfd ul//fv]sf 5' . afwf Jojwfg cfP eg] b]vfpg';\ d x6fO{lbG5' eg]s} 5' . km]/L klg ;/sf/ nufgL d}qL ePg eGg ldN5 < ca hUufsf] xbaGbLsf] s'/f x6fpg'k5{ . lxhf] hldGbf/Lsf sf/0f xbaGbL tf]lsPsf] lyof] . To;n] 31

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

xf] < n'6 dfu{df hfg] ls ;dfhjfbdf hfg] < ;Lldt JolQmx?n] n'6tGq dRrfpg] b]z vf]h]sf] xf] ls ;d[4 g]kfn ;'vL g]kfnL agfpg vf]h]sf] xf] < of] laifo uDeL/ ag]sf] 5 . ;'/Iff;lxtsf] ;d[l4 xfdLn] Nofpg vf]h]sf xf}+ . ;'vL x'gsf nflu ;'/lIft klg x'g'k5{ . ;'t]sf a]nf cfgGbn] lgbfpg] / p7]sf a]nf km'tL{ hfUg] jftfj/0f agfp“5f}+ . qf; /lxt, ckdfg /lxt ;'/lIft nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfpg ;/sf/ k|ltj4 5, o;nfO{ xfdLn] ;'zf;gsf] pGgt ?k eGg] u/]sf 5f}+ . ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf] ;d[l4 Nofpg vf]h]sf xf}+ . hL8LkL / ;/b/ cfosf cfwf/df ;d[l4 Nofpg vf]h]sf xf]Ogf}+ . ;a} g]kfnLn] dx;'; ug{] vfnsf] ;d[l4 vf]h]sf xf}+ . gSsnL, cf+lzs / ;Lldtsf] xfnL d'xfnL ePsf] ;d[l4 xfdLnfO{ rflx“b}g . xfdL l;+uf] g]kfn / ;f/f g]kfnL ;d[4 ePsf] x]g{ rfxfG5f}+ . hL8LkL / k|ltJolQm cfDbfgL a9fP/ dfq} ;d[l4 cfpg] ;kgf b]Vb}gf}+ . xfd|f] cleofg b]v]/ s]lx dfG5] cflQPsf 5g\ . d}n] tYo k|:t't ubf{ unt tYof+s elgof] . d tYof+sdf v]Ng rfxfGg . b]zn] ljsf; u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;d[l4 xfl;n u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . xfdL gSsnL cf+s8fdf ljZjf; ub{}gf}+ . ^) k|ltzt ;lqmo hg;+Vof, b'O{ 7"nf ahf/aLrsf] pTkfbgzLn b]z xf] g]kfn . ca of] b'O{ 9'+uf aLrsf] t?n xf]Og, 7"nf b'O{ ahf/ aLrsf] pTkfbgzLn b]z xf] . 8fef];df ;xefuL b]z dWo] Pn8L;L-cltsd ljsl;t b]z_df d dfq} /x]5', af“sL ;a} l8;L-ljsf;lzt b]z_ /x]5g\ . d}n] klg rf“8} l8;L-ljsf;lzt b]z_ aGg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5' . @)#) leq lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|fKt ug{] of]hgf xf] t/ Tof] eGbf lg cuf8L g} xfdL Tof] nIo k'/f u5f{} . % jif{df !) k|ltzt g]kfnL klg ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg a:g' kb}{g . ckdfghGo ;dfhaf6

;DdfghGo ;dfhdf hf“b}5f}+ . lghL If]q / ;/sf/n] ;“u} sfd u/f}+ . ;/sf/n] s] s] ug'{k5{ xfdL tof/ 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;ldlt g} agfP/ lghL If]qsf s'/f ;'lg/x]sf 5f}+ .

Tof] ;ldltn] ;/sf/sf gLltx?nfO{ nufgL d}qL agfpg d2t u/f];\ . olt ;d[4 g]kfnnfO{ ul/a eP/ a:g] 5'6 5}g . olt w]/} kfgL xfdL;“u 5 t/ lah'nL lsg]/ afNg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ca Ps aif{kl5 lah'nL lsg]/ afNg' kb{}g . kmnfdsf vfgLx? 5g\ ltgsf] klg k|zf]wg x'G5 . xfdL rfdn / lk7f] klg lsg]/ vfg afgL k/]sf dfG5] xf}+ . ef/tLo rfdnsf] :jfb dg kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . rfdnsf ;Ltf nfdf dg kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . rfdnsf ;Ltf nfdf x'g\ sL 5f]6f s] dtnj cfkm}+ pTkfbg u/]/ vfg] lg . ca lghL If]q cfoftd'vL Joj;fo eGbf pTkfbg / lgof{t d'ns Joj;fodf nfUg' k5{ . %* k|ltzt eGbf a9L cfO{/g ePsf] vfgL /fd|f] dflgG5 . xfdL;“u (# k|ltzt cfO{/g 5 . t/ vfgL vf]Ng ;s]sf 5}gf}“ . kmnfdsf] lsnf klg cfoft ug'{k5{ . Ps lsnf] cfO{/g g]kfndf pTkfbg ePg . skf; cfoft, rfkn cfoft, pmg cfoft . skf; v]tL ug{] hldg 5 t/ wfuf] lsg]/ NofO{/x]sf 5f}+ . o:tf] cj:yfsf] ca l5§} cGTo x'g]5 . pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;af/] ePsf] of] ;Dd]ng ;do;fk]If 5 . o;n] ;/sf/n] ug{ nfu]sf] nufgL ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpg, kmnbfoL agfpg ;xof]u x'G5 . pBdzLntfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ s] ug{'k5{ To;sf nflu ;/sf/ tof/ /x]sf] 5 . pBdlzntf ;Dd]ngaf6 cfPsf] lgisif{ lnlvt ?kdf Nofpg d cfu|x ub{5' .

32

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

bf];|f] ;qM k|:t'lt Pj+ 5nkmn

…pBdzLntf ljsf;sf] nflu Osf]l;:6dÚ (Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem) bf];f| ] ;qsf] k|:t'lt tyf 5nkmn …pBdzLntf ljsf;sf] nflu Osf]l;:6dÚ (Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem) af/] s]Gb|Lt lyof] . o; 5nkmnsf] cWoIftf k"j{ cy{dGqL tyf ;f+;b\ g]tf ;'/G] b| kf08]n] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . d'Vo jQmf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{ pkfWoIf 8f uf]ljGb/fh kf]v/]n x'gx' G' Yof] eg] kqsf/ l6sf/fd ofqLn] 5nkmn rnfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o; ;d"xsf] 5nkmndf k"jd{ GqL tyf ;f+;b\ uug yfkf, k"j{ pBf]u dGqL tyf ;+;b dx]z a:g]t, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] jl/i7 pkfWoIf z]v/ uf]N5f, u}/ cfjf;Lo ;+3sf] k"j{ cWoIf tyf g]kfn d]l8l;6L c:ktfnsf cWoIf pk]Gb| dxtf], g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf] pkfWoIf tyf ljzfn u|k' sf sfo{sf/L lgb]z{ s cg'h cu|jfn, ljzfn ldl8of ;d"xsf cWoIf 8f= /fh]Gb| s];L o; 5nkmndf jQmf x'gx' G' Yof] . k|:t'lt / jQmfx?sf] egfO{sf] ;f/f+z k"j{ cy{dGqL Pj+ ;+f;b ;b:o ;''/]Gb| kf08]n] ;efkltTj ug'{ePsf] o; ;qsf] k|d'v jQmf -Keynote Addressor_ of]hgf cfof]usf k"j{–pkfWoIf 8f= uf]ljGb /fh kf]v/]n x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf] ;+lIfKt k|:t'lt o;k|sf/ lyof] .

33

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

8f= uf]ljGb/fh kf]v/]n

k"j{ pkfWoIf, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u

ljut !) jif{df /fhgLlts ;+/rgf w]/} ag] t/ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf lbg] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf Wofg uPsf] 5}g . @)^$ ;fnotf !@@ j6f sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{ eP t/ pBdlzntf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ vfnsf !@ j6f sfg'g dfq ag] . ;+ljwfgdf gful/s clwsf/, /fhgLlts clwsf/sf s'/f w]/} cfP . cfly{s clwsf/sf] s'/f sd eof] . k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, g]tfx?sf] gfd ufp“ufp“df ;a}n] lrG5g\ . t/ ;a}eGbf a9L s/ ltg]{sf] gfd s;}n] ;'g]sf] x'“b}g . s/bftfsf] ;Ddfg / klxrfg ePg . ;xztfAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ jflif{s !& ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ -sl/a !* va{ ?k}of“_ nufgL x'g'k5{ t/ To; cg';f/ nufgL cfPs} 5}g . ljb]zL nufgL leq\ofpg] eg]/ w]/yf]/ k|of; ePsf 5g\ t/ g]kfnsf] 8'Oª ljhg]z OG8]S; sdhf]/ 5 . :jb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, g]kfnleq pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; ug]{ tkm{ kxn g} ePg . pBdzLntfsf] cj;/ /fd|f] 5 . pkef]Uo sNr/ a9]sf] 5 . u'0f:t/Lo a:t' tyf ;]jf vl/bsf] nflu g]kfnLx? pRr d"No lt5{g\ . g]kfnaf6 ljb]z hfg] p8fgx?df pRr d"Nosf] ;fdfg lgof{t ug{ ;lsG5 . @) b]lv $) jif{ pd]/sf dflg; &% nfv o'jf g]kfndf 5g\ . o:tf] o'jf hgzlQm ljZjsf sd} d'n'sdf kfOG5 . g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] hgzlQmsf] dxTj a'em\g / To;nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;s]g .

Psflt/ o'jfx? g]kfndf s]xL ug{ ;lsb}g

eg]/ lg/f; eO{ ljb]z uO{/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ g]kfndf n]a/ kmf];{ 5}g . 6\jfOn]6 agfpg' k/\of] eg] klg sfd ug]{ dfG5] 5}g . ;x/L If]qdf 9n lalu|of] eg] dlxgf lbg;Dd aGb}g . lsgsL Toxf“ sfd ug]{ hgzlQm 5}g . sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z hfg k|f]T;flxt ug]{ gLlt km]g'{k5{ . ljb]zdf uP/ kms]{sf g]kfnLx? sfd ug'{k5{, cfDbfgL j[l4 ug'{k5{ eGg] 5 . ;'ljwf ;DkGg hLjgz}nL x'g'k5{ eGg] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . of] /fd|f] ;+s]t xf] . t/ g]kfnL ;dfhdf /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug]{, ;'ljwf ;DkGg hLjgz}nL ckgfpg]nfO{ /fd|f] gh/n] x]l/b}g . gful/s ;dfhdf clnslt kmfObf x'g] s'/f u/\of] eg] s:tf] Jofkf/Lsf] h:tf] ;f]r eg]/ xf]RofOG5 . k|zf;lgs txdf klg pBdL Joj;foLnfO{ x]k]/ Jojxf/ ePsf] Joj;foLx?n] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf af]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . s] pBf]u Joj;fo ug'{, gfkmf sdfpg' unt sfd xf] < 34

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

o;cl3 cy{dGqLn] plrt gfkmfsf] jftfj/0f agfp“5' eGg'eof] . plrt gfkmf eg]sf] s] xf] < gfkmfsf] cufl8 klg ljZn]if0f x'G5 < a9L gfkmf x'g', a9L v'zL cfh{g ug'{ xf] . ha;Dd xfdL gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg ;Sb}gf}+, Joj;foLnfO{ gfkmfdf pT;j dgfpg] jftfj/0f lb“b}gf}+ ta;Dd pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf nflu plrt jftfj/0f ePsf] dfGg ;lsb}g . lrlsT;f lzIff ljw]os agfpg dof{bfkfns

k|of]u eof] lsg eg] Toxf“ /fhgLlts :jfy{ lyof] .

Joj;fo d}qL sfg'g agfpg' k/]sf] eP To:tf] kl/l:ylt cfpg] lyPg . hflu/ eGbf Joj;fo ubf{ /fd|f] eg]/ dfq x'“b}g . pBdL aGgsf] nflu k'“hL rflxG5 . t/ ljZj a}+ssf] Ps l/kf]6{cg';f/ !)) ?k}of“ shf{ lng #^$ k|ltzt ;DklQ lwtf] /fVg'k5{ . :6f6{ckm km08sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . o:tf w]/} ljifodf ;'wf/ x'g' h?/L 5 .

uug yfkf

k"j{dGqL tyf ;f+;b–g]kfnL sf“u|];

g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf] s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s kl/j];sf] klg lrq0f ug'{k5{ . clxn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt pTkfbg j[l4df s]Gb|Lt 5}g . lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf bnx?n] ef]6 dfUg hf“bf …xfd|f] bnn] lgjf{rg lhTof] eg] j[4 eQf olt a9fp“5', a]/f]uf/L eQf lbG5'Ú eG5 . To;}sf] cfwf/df r'gfj lht]/ ;Qfdf k'U5g\ . ;fdflhs kl/j]zsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] Joj;foLnfO{ bnfn, t:s/, dflkmof eg]/ ufnL u5f}{ . cfly{s kl/j]z s:tf] 5 eg] bnx? ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 Joj;fo k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ eGbf lgoGq0f ug{ tlNng 5g\ . Joj;fo ug{ s'g} o'jf cufl8 a9\of] z'?df p;nfO{ k};f x'“b}g . h;f]t;f] k'“hL h'6fP/ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hof] eg] p;nfO{ ;/sf/L lgsfon] k|f]T;fxg ub}{g, lg?T;flxt kf5{ . cfO{l8ofx?

gePsf] xf]Og . oqtq gof“ gof“ sfd ug{ vf]h]sf], k|of; eO{/x]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;kmntf kfpg p;nfO{ ufx|f] 5 . b}lgs ;/b/ #) j6f sDkgL btf{ x'g] u/]sf /x]5g\ . b}lgs #) j6f gof“ sDkgL cfp“bf g]kfndf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; Jofks ?kdf x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ To:tf] b]lvb}g .

35

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

h'g lbg;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhdf d'gfkmf sdfpg' ck/fw xf], kfk xf] eGg] dfGotf :yflkt x'G5 ta;Dd b]z aGb}g\ . oxf“sf] xfjfkfgL, ko{6sLo ;Defjgf, hn;|f]tsf] ;Defjgf, s[lif

pBf]u ;a} If]qdf ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf w]/} 5g\ . oL ;a} ;|f]tsf] bf]xg / kl/rfng ug{ hgzlQm rflxG5 . g]kfnsf] 7"nf] zlQm eg]sf] oxf“ o'jf hgzlQm xf] .

dx]z a:g]t

k"j{dGqL tyf ;f+;b, g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{

ljutdf cGwfw'Gw pbfl/s/0f / e2f k|s[ltsf] lghLs/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf; ;xh ?kdf ePg . lghL If]q klg o;af6 u|l;t ePsf] 5 . z;:q åGåsf] sf/0f klg pBdzLntf ljsf;df cj/f]w b]lvof] . rGbf cft+s / >d If]qaf6 cfPsf] ;d:of 7"nf] lyof], Tof] lj:tf/} xn ePsf] 5 . clxn] Pp6f pBf]u ug{sf] nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of hUuf k|flKt xf] . lah'nLsf] ld6/ hf]8\g] b]lv kfgL, 9n hf]8\g] sfddf klg pBdLnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;d'bfoaf6 k|ofKt ;xof]u ePsf] 5}g . pBf]uL Joj;foLx?nfO{ gub cg'bfg lbg] ;jfndf cy{dGqfno lgs} sGh/\e]l6e 5 . k'ln; jf ;]gfdf % xhf/ b/aGbL yKg jf gof“ lgo'QmL ug{ ;/sf/ ;xh aG5 t/ Pp6f pBf]u vf]Ng / To;af6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/fpg ;/sf/n] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] x'“b}g . pBf]u btf{ ug{ hf“bf sd{rf/Ln], ;/sf/sf dfG5]n] ls l;Q}df ;]o/ dfU5g\ ls ;f]em} k};f dfU5g\ . To:t}, :jb]zL j:t'sf] pkof]u lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbg'k5{ .

P]g sfg'gaf6 w]/} afwf 5}g . k|zf;lgs tkm{af6 x'g] emGem6 x6fpg]tkm{ xfdLn] hf]8 lbg'k5{ . :s'n vf]Ng, v]n d}bfg agfpg, af6f] dfUg, k'n dfUg dfG5] cfp“5g\ . t/ pBf]u vf]Ng hldg rflxof] eGg] ;f]r g} xfdL;“u 5}g . ci6«]lnofsf

ls;fgn] olt lsnf]sf] km;L{ kmnfof] eg]/ km];a'sdf ;]o/ u/]/ ls;fgsf] 5f]/f] km';{bdf al;/x]sf] 5 . ls;fgn] v]tdf sfd ug{] dfG5] kfPg, p;s} 5f]/f] sfd ePg eg]/ km';{bdf al;/x]sf] 5 . pBdL Joj;foLnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{] jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ .

36

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

pk]Gb| dxtf]

k|aGw lgb]{zs–g]kfn d]l8l;6L c:ktfn

cd]l/sf / o'/f]kdf klg ;d[l4s} s'/f x'G5 . xfdL klg ;d[l4sf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . cd]l/sf / o"/fkdf x'g] o:tf jx; sfo{qmddf klg y'k}| ;d:of ;'gfO{G5 . nufgLstf{x?n] ;d:of, cK7\of/f, r"gf}tLsf] s'/f ;'gfp“5g\ . g]kfndf klg o:t} s'/f cfp“5g\ . km/s s] dfq xf] eg] ljsl;t b]zsf ;d:of / xfd|f] h:tf] b]zsf] ;d:of km/s km/s x'G5 . d}n] w]/} b]z 3'ds ] f] 5' . w]/} b]zdf Joj;fo klg u/]sf] 5' / d bfjfsf ;fy eG5' …gk] fndf h:tf] Joj;fo ug{sf] nflu /fd|f] cj;/ ljZjsf c? s'g} klg b]zdf 5}g .Ú g]kfnsf] ;d:of s] xf] eg] /fhgLltdf h:t} Joj;foLdf klg lj/f]w ug]{ ;+:sf/ a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLltdf lj/f]w :jefljs xf], of] p;sf] u'0f xf] . t/ Joj;fodf lj/f]w /fd|f] xf]Og . Jofhb/ 36fpg'k5{ eg]/ Joj;foLx? lj/f]wdf cfPsf 5g\ . of] unt xf] . clxn] ;/sf/n] Jofhb/ 36fpg x:tIf]k u/\of] eg] csf]{ ;d"xn] km]/L lj/f]w u5{ ls lgIf]ksf] Jofhb/ a9fpg'k5{ .

Joj;fo ug]n{ ] b'O6{ f s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . klxnf] k};f sdfPsf]df, wgL ePsf]df uj{ ug'x{ f];\ . rGbf dfU5 eg]/ k};f sdfPsf] 5}g eGg] xf]Og . /fhgLlt ug]n{ ] dGqL x'b“ f uj{ ug]{ t/ Joj;fo ug]n{ ] k};f sdfp“bf uj{ gug{] x'g ;Sb}g . bf];f| ,] Joj;foLx?n] k|lt:kwf{df lj/f]w ubf{ ;lx tl/sfaf6 lj/f]w x'G5 . ca lj/f]wsf] dfqf 36fpg'k5{ . sfdsf] ult a9fpg'k5{ . e|i6frf/ 36fpg'k5{ . nufgLsf] ;Defjgf clws a9L 5 . d d]l8sn 8fS6/ xf]Og t} klg d]l8l;6L

c:ktfn vf]n] “] . # jif{leq g]kfnaf6 sf]xL klg pkrf/sf nflu ljb]z hfg' kb{g} . To;sf/0f Jojxfl/s ?kd} ;d[l4sf kIfdf nfUg' kof]{ . clxn] ;+;f/sf] 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] wgL / ul/a aLrsf] vf8n g} xf] . To;nfO{ k'gs { f nflu 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g g} dxTjk"0f{ xltof/ xf] . cfh klg 7"nf pBf]uLsf] gfkmf b}lgs al9/x]s} 5g\ . ;d:ofdf k/]sf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uL x'g ltgsf] k|j4{g cfjZos 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g eof] eg] e|i6frf/ klg sd x'G5 . ;d[l4 klg cfp“5 . g]kfndf ;a} pBdL 5g\, lahg]z Dofg 5}gg\ . lahg]z Dofg x'g l;Ne/ :k'g lnP/ cfpg'k5{, xfdL r}“ cfkm}n+ ] l;Ne/ :k'g agfPsf xf}+ . gof“ k':tfn] xfd|f] sfd u5{ ls ub{g} eGg] lrGtf 5 . ;fy;fy} d s] klg eGg rfxfG5' eg] k};f sdfPkl5 ;fdflhs sfddf klg s]lx vr{ ug{} k5{ . xfdLn] h'g ;dfhdf sdfPsf 5f}+ Tof] ;dfhsf] lxtsf nflu s]xL vr{ ug}k{ 5{ .

37

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

z]v/ uf]N5f

jl/i7 pkfWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3

g]kfndf Joj;fo ug]{ cj;/ w]/} 5g\ . ul/aL $) k|ltztaf6 @$ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ pkef]Uo ;+:sf/ a9]sf] 5 . pTkflbt a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ahf/ 7"nf] ePsf] 5 . ljZjdf g]kfnLx?sf] cf}ift cfo' ;+;f/sf] sd 5 . o'jf hgzlQm 5g\ . sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t}, g]kfndf h}ljs tyf jftfj/0fLo ljljwtf 5 . oxf“ pRr d"Nosf s[lif tyf hl8a'6L pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . ko{6g If]q lgs} w]/} ;Defjgf ePsf] If]q xf] . k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ;a}n] rfx]sf] ;d[l4 xf] t/ To;sf] af6f] ;xh 5}g . g]kfndf pBf]unfO{ !% b]lv @) k|ltzt;Dd ;+/If0f 5 . t}klg xfd|f pBf]ux? k|ltikwL{ aGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;sf] sf/0f eg]sf] s:6 ckm k|8S;g g} xf] . lrgLdf 7"nf] /fhgLlt 5 . xfd|f] lrgLsf] pTkfbg nfut al9 5 . s] xfdL lxDdt ug{ ;S5f}+ lrgL cfoft /f]s]/ s]lx dx+uf] ePklg :jb]zL lrgL g} pkof]u ug{]

jftfj/0f agfpg < ef/tdf eGbf g]kfndf l;d]G6 &) k|ltzt;Dd dx+uf] 5, To;sf] sf/0f eg]sf] pTkfbg nfut al9 x'g' g} xf] . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{gn] dfq} lbuf] ;d[l4 cfp“5 . a}+saf6 ;x'lnot Aofhdf C0f rflxG5 gof“ pBdLnfO{ . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ Go'gtd tna / pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ;d:of xf] .

38

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

cg'hs'df/ cu|jfn

pkfWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3

xfdLn] g]kfndf %) jif{ sfd u/]sf] cg'ej 5 . of] b]zdf nufgL / Joj;fosf] ;Defjgf w]/} /fd|f] 5 . hxf“ ;d:of 5 Toxf“ Joj;fo ug{ w]/} cj;/ 5g\ . xfdL sxf“ af6f] 5}g t af6f] agfpg] cj;/ 5 . hxf“ pBf]u 5}g, Toxf“ pBf]u vf]Ng] cj;/ x'G5 . af6f] 5, pBf]u 5, ;a}lt/ /fd|f] 5 To;df s] sfd ug]{ < ;d:of g} cflj:sf/sf] hggL xf] . hxf“ ;d:of a9L 5 Toxf“ cj;/ klg a9L x'G5 . ;/sf/n] of] u/]g, Tof] u/]g eGg] JolQm pBdL g} xf]Og . ;/sf/sf] lgod cg';f/ nufgL ug'{k5{ .

6f]n6f]ndf, ufp“ ufp“df j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbgdf Pp6f Pp6f kmf]s; ug]{ xf] eg] pTkfbg j[l4 w]/} a9\5 . ;/sf/n] ef}uf]lns ?kdf pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] xf] eg] w]/} x'G5 . ;/sf/sf] gLltsf sf/0f g]kfndf clxn];Dd pBdzLntf ljsf; gePsf] xf]Og . gLltn] pBdzLntfnfO{ vf;} k|efljt ub{}g . hxf“ ;d:of x'G5, Toxf“ g} cj;/ x'G5 . aQL gx'“bf klg xfdLn] cj;/ b]v]/ hnljB'tdf nufgL u/]sf xf}+ . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uLsf s'/f ;'Gg] s'g} lgsfo 5}g

km]l/ klg ltgsf] ljsf; e}/x]s} 5 . :yfgLo txd} 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g ug{] of] /fd|f] cj;/ xf] . ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ t/ ;Gefjgf ePsf] If]q 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u g} xf] . hgzlQm klg 7'nf] Tolx“ 5 . ;+;f/sf] ^# k|ltzt pBdzLntf cfkm\g} nufgLaf6 cf/De ePsf] xf] . ;+;f/sf] () k|ltzt /f]huf/L t 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uaf6} k|fKt e}/x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] ljz]iftf x]/]/ /0fgLlt agfof] eg] cy{tGqnfO{ 7"n} cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5 .

39

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

8f= /fh]Gb| s];L,

cWoIf–ljzfn ldl8of u|'k

7"nf] nufgL ug'{ dfq pBdzLntf xf]Og . ;fgf ;fgf nufgLaf6 Eofn' P8 eO{/fv]sf] 5 eg] Tof] klg pBdzLntf xf] . xfdL ;a}n] Odfgbf/Ltfsf ;fy sfd ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/ cfkm}+df kf]ln;L agfpg] lgsfo xf] . sfg'gL /fh rnfpg], lgodg ug{] lgsfo xf] . /fd|f] lgodg / ;'zf;g lbP/ lghL If]qnfO{ /fd|f];“u sfd ug{] cj;/ lbg'k5{ . d gsf/fTds s'/f /fVg rfxfGg, ljZn]if0f dfq} u5'{ . oxf“ ;/sf/ cfkm}+ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] ug'{kg]{ sfd ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] ul//x]sf] 5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo, pBf]u h:tf ;a} 7fp“df ;f]r] h:tf] e}/x]sf] 5}g . #) j6f b]z 3'd]“, w]/} cj;/ ePsf] b]z g]kfn dfq} xf] . lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{sf] /fd|f] xfjfkfgL klg xfdL;“u} 5 . o;sf] ;b'kof]u ug'{ k5{ . t/ oxf“ e|i6frf/ al9/x]sf] 5 . dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Ldf a;]sfx? h]n uO{/x]sf 5g\ . cfh nfO;]G; /fh dRrfO{Psf] 5 . a}+s, aLdf, ;xsf/L, :s"n, c:ktfn vf]Ng gkfpg] cj:yf 5 . /fd|f pBdL cfP eg] gof“ :s"n, sn]h, c:ktfn, aLdf jf a}+s vf]Ng kfpg] ls gkfpg] < d t eG5', ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] sfd ug{] xf]Og . sfd u5'{ eGg]x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{] xf] . sfd ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsf ^) nfv o'jf ljb]zdf 5g\ . tL

;a} sfd ug{ g;Sg] pd]/df k'u]kl5 :jb]z kmls{P eg] s] x'G5 < oqf] ;Defjgf ePsf] b]zdf @ s/f]8 gful/snfO{ /f]huf/L lbg g;Sg] klg slx“ x'G5 < ;/sf/, lghL If]q ;f“em]bf/Lsf] ljsNk 5}g clxn] . o'jfx? k|df0fkq af]s]/ lxl8/x]sf 5g\ t/ hflu/sf] cj;/ 5}g . ljZjljBfnox?n] klg clxn]sf] sl/s'nd abNg'k5{ . clxn]s} h:tf] 8fS6/, lzIfs, jlsn, Ol~hlgo/x?sf] ca sfd 5}g .

Ps ;o jif{ k'/fgf kf7\oqmdn] ca sfd ub{}g . ca ;xsf/L, ko{6g, phf{sf kf7\oqmd agfpg'k5{ . o;/L cl3 al9of] eg] dfq} b]z agfpg ;lsG5 .

40

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;'/]Gb| kf08]

k"j{ cy{dGqL, ;f+;b–g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{

rLgsf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQm HofSdfn] eg]sf 5g\– af“b/sf] cufl8 s]/f / k};f kmflnlbof] eg] af“b/n] s]/f l6K5, k};f l6Kb}g . af“b/nfO{ of] yfxf x'“b}g ls Tof] k};fn] w]/} s]/f lsGg ;lsG5 . dnfO{ nfU5 hflu/ vfg' s]/f l6Kg' h:t} xf] eg] pBdL ug'{ k};f l6Kg' xf] . /f]huf/L vf]Hg]n] sd k};f sdfp“5 . pBdLn] a9L k};f sdfp“5 . To;}n] Hfflu/ vf]Hg eGbf cf“km} Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{] tkm{ nfUg d o'jf k':tfnfO{ ;'emfj lbG5' . ;/sf/n] cy{tGqsf ;jfndf ljz]if lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . blIf0f sf]l/ofdf !(^) df k'/fgf gf]6 lnP/ To;sf] ;f6f] gof“ gf]6 lbOPsf] /x]5 .

To;kl5 lglZrt pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ ;x'lnot lbPsf] lyof] . sf]l/ofdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug{ lgIf]kstf{nfO{ !@ k|ltzt lbPsf] x'G5 eg] pBdLnfO{ ^ k|ltztdf shf{ k|jfx ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm Jofh cGt/df /x]sf] gf]S;fgL ;/sf/n] a]xf]/]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sfdf klg !($% b]lv !(&) ;Ddsf] cd]l/sL cy{tGqsf] uf]N8]g ;do /x]5 . ;/sf/n] ljz]if ;xof]usf] gLlt lnPsf] lyof] . g]kfndf klg To;/L g} plbodfg pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ ljz]if ;x'lnot lbg'k5{ . h'n';, cfGbf]ng / ufnL unf}hdf 8fS6/ w]/} 5g\ . dfOg;]6 kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ . sfg'gL ;'wf/

h?/L 5 . s]xL x:tIf]ksf/L lg0f{o h?/L 5 . o; 5nkmn sfo{qmd lrtjg o'jf pBdL d~rsf] 8fO/]S6/ df]xgrGb| kf]v/]n, ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]uL l/tf e08f/L, g]kfn ljsf; cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf gj/fh vltj8f, gjnk/f;Lsf lbk]z s8l/of, lrtjgsf o1k|;fb pk|]lt, lzIff pBdL cf/aL clwsf/L, ;'lzn 9'+ufgf nufotn] cfkm\gf] ljrf/;lxt k|Zgx? /fv]sf lyP .

41

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

t];|f] ;qM k|:t'lt Pj+ 5nkmn

pBdzLntfsf] ;f]r / nufgL ;|f]taLrsf] cGt/ (Bridging the gap between Idea and Funding) pBdzLntfsf] pkfo / nufgL ;|f]taLrsf] cGt/ -Bridging the gap between Idea and Funding_ s;/L sd ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf ePsf] ;d"xut 5nkmndf cy{dGqfnosf ;x;lrj dw' d/f;}gLn] cWoIftf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . Business Oxygen and the Dalle Story sf k|jGw lgb]{zs l;4fGt/fh kf08]n] d"Vo jQmfsf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] egfO{ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . o; 5nkmndf >L Po/nfO{G;sf k|aGw lgb]{zg ;'wL/ ldQn, u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3sf] cWoIf ejg e§, ljhg]z clS;hgsf k|aGw lgb]{zs l;4fGt/fh kf08], /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifb\sf pkfWoIf dfwj 9'+u]n, l8PkmcfO{8Lsf k|fOe]6 ;]S6/ P8efO{h/ /lj /fodfemL, 6\o{' gy{ Pzf]l;P6;\, OlSj6L km08 P08 km"8df08"sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;'dg hf]zL aQmf lyP . sfo{qmd ;~rfng s[lt kGyn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

42

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;'wL/ ldQn

l;4fGt/fh kf08]

k|aGw lgb]{zs, >L Po/nfO{G; k|f=ln=

k|aGw lgb]{zs, ljhg]z clS;hg P08 8Nn] :6f]/

xfd|f] ljBfyL{nfO{ hf]lvd jxg ug{ l;sfpg' k5{ . hlt hf]lvd lng ;lsof] Tolt g} pBdzLntf a9fpg ;lsG5 . xfd|f] b]zdf w]/} /fd|f hgzlQm /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ ;kmn kl/rfng g} xfd|f] r'gf}tL xf] . xfdLn] hf]lvd p7fpg g;Sg' g} 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . hf]lvd p7fpg] lxDdt gu/];Dd ;kmntf cfp“b}g / pBdzLntf klg km:6fp“b}g . ( j6f nufgL km]n eP/ !)cf}+ nufgL ;kmn x'g] dfq} xf]Og, To;n] ( j6fsf] gf]S;fgL klg kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;S5 . To;sf nflu xfdL tof/ x'g'k5{ . xfdL;“u phf{zLn hgzlQm 5 . To;sf] pkof]u clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] .

$%=# k|ltzt o'jf;“u gof“ cfO8Lof 5 t/ k};f 5}g . pBdzLntf / ;d[l4 ;a}sf] d'vdf em'l08Psf] 5 . t/ To; cg';f/sf] cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5}g . ljQLo kx'r“ ;fx|} sd 5 . ;/sf/n] NofPsf] ;ft k|sf/sf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ Aofh shf{sf] sfo{qmdn] ljQLo >f]t pknAw u/fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]N5 . a}s +} tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf ljz]if e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ . gof“ cfO8LofnfO{ kml08+u ug'k{ 5{ . g]kfndf ;Lksf] cefjdf z'? ePsf] Joj;fo klg aGb u/]/ o'jfx? g}/fZotf af]s/] ljb]z hfg afWo e}/x]sf 5g\ . % nfv $) xhf/ eGbf a9L g]kfnL o'jf kl;gf aufpg ljb]z hfG5g\ . tLdWo] clwsf+z cbIf x'G5g\ . tLdWo] b}lgs # b]lv $ hgf;Ddsf] nf; g]kfn lelqG5 . o:tf] cj:yfaf6 s;/L d'ns ' nfO{ dfly Nofpg] eg]/ /fli6«o :t/sf] kxn h?/L 5 .

43

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

ejg e§

cWoIf, u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3

u/]sf] k'“hL / ;LknfO{ g]kfnsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4df nufgL xfdL k|ltj4 5f}+ .

Pgcf/PgP eg]sf ljb]zdf a;]sf x'g\ . pgLx? pBdzLntf;“u hf]l8Psf 5g\ . pgLx?;“u pBdzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt 5 . ;a} h;f] :j/f]huf/ 5g\ . xfdL Plss[t k"“hL ;+sng u/]/ sfd ug{] k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . slDtdf klg #) b]z;“u ljKkf nufotsf ;Demf}tf ul/;Sg' pko'Qm x'G5 . g]kfndf /fhgLlts hf]lvd cGTo ePsf] 5 eGg] ;Gb]z ljb]zdf :yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . xfdL;“u 7"nf] cj;/sf ?kdf rLg / ef/tsf] ahf/ 5 . xfd|} cfkm\gf] ahf/ klg /fd|f] 5 . Pgcf/Pgx?n] km08sf] pknAwtf / pBdzLntf k|j4{gsf] ;+:s[lt a9fpg 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg ;S5g\ .

Pgcf/Pg dfkm{t k'“hL sn]S;gsf] sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . pgLx? 7"nf] cy{tGq ePsf] /fi6«df al;/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? lgs} ;r]t /x]sf 5g\ . km08 sn]Szg u/L h'g;'s} b]zdf nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfn t xfd|f] cfkm\g} b]z xf] . ljb]zdf cfh{g

44

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;'dg hf]zL

/lj /fodfemL

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs–6\o'{ gy{ Pzf]l;P6;\ OlSj6L km08 P08 km"8df08"

k|fOe]6 ;]S6/ P8efO{h/, l8PkmcfO{8L

b]zsf] ljsf;df lghL If]qn] /rgfTds e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . ;Gt'lnt Osf]l;:6d g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . b]zsf] ljsf;df ;/sf/n] ;xhLs/0f ug{] xf] . nufgLsf] sfd lghL If]qn] ug'k{ 5{ . b]znfO{ ljsf; rflxPsf] 5 . o'jfnfO{ /f]huf/L rflxPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] klg :j/f]huf/sf sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;kmntfn] pBdzLntf ljsf;df klg 7"nf] dxTj /fV5 . pBdlzntf k|j4 { gdf km08 pknAwtf clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . g]kfnsf] pBdzLntf k|j4{g / ljQLo >f]t pknAwtfsf nflu lghL If]q g} k|dv ' c+u xf] . l8lkm8n] d'ntM pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf ;3fp“b} cfPsf] 5 . k|fOe]6 OlSj6L km08 / e]~r/ Soflk6nsf nflu klg xfdL ;xof]u u5f{} . o;n] pBf]u :yfkgf / k|j4{gdf 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf ;/sf/sf lgsfox?sf] klg 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 .

lwtf]df cfwfl/t C0f / c? ljQLo pks/0f dfkm{t C0f lbg] ljsNkaf/] :ki6 x'g'k5{ . pBdzLntf k|j4{gsf nflu ljQLo kx'“r clgjfo{ x'G5 . a}+sx?n] lwtf]lagf C0f lbg ufx|f] dfG5g\ . To;sf/0f ljQLo kx'“rsf cGo ljsNkx?sf af/]df klg ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5 . k|fOe]6 OlSj6L, e]~r/ Soflk6n nufotsf 6'N; k|of]u u/]/ ljQLo kx'“r pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5 . pBdzLntf k|j4{gdf gof“ gof“ ljQLo pks/0fx?sf] vf]hL cfjZos 5 .

45

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

dw' d/fl;gL

;x–;lrj, pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno

;/sf/n] klg o;df ;3fpg'k5{ . lghL If]q / ;/sf/sf] ;xsfo{ klg x'g ;S5 . ;/sf/n] d sfd ul//x]sf] 5' eG5 t/ lghL If]q sfddf afwf g} afwf 5 eGg] s'/f u5{ . cd]l/sf;“u l6kmf ;Demf}tf u/]sf lyof}+ t/ To;sf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsPg . ljb]zdf xfd|f] s] pTkfbg laS5 ;f] ljifodf Wofg lbg'k5{ . l/;r{ u/]sf s'/fx? g]kfnLdf cfpg' kof]{ vfnL c+u|]hLdf n]lvPsf cg';Gwfg l/kf]6{x?n] sfd ub{}gg\ . g]kfnLdf tof/ kfl/Psf ;dfu|Ln] dfq} nlIft ju{;Dd sfd u5{ . ;/sf/n] Aofh cg'bfgsf] sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5 . of] eg]s} pBdzLntf k|j4{gsf] cleofg xf] . z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq lwtf] /fv]/ C0f lng kfpg] ;'lawf 5 . o;/L g} xf] pBdzLntf k|j4{g x'g] . ;/sf/n] NofPsf o:tf sfo{qmdsf] Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu lghL If]qn] klg ;xof]u u/f];\ .

Rofn]~h km08sf] @ jif{ k|of; ul/of] . clxn] cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ . :6f6{ ckm km08 klg Nofp“b}5f}+ . cd]l/sfn] w]/} ;fdfgdf eG;f/ 5'6 lbO{/x]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] To;sf] pkof]usf nflu klg t'ngfTds sfd u/]g . &% j6f pTkfbgsf] k|j4{g ePg . xfdL s] a]Rg ;S5f}“ Tolx dfq} a]Rg] xf] . kfls:tfgsf] km'6an laS5, a+unfb]zsf] ufd{]G6 laS5 . xfd|f] s] laS5 Tof] vf]h]/ Nofcf}+ . gof“ P]gx? Nofp“b}5f}+, nufgL ;Dd]ng ub{}5f}+ . pBdzLntf k|j4{g u/]/ lghL If]q;“u ;xsfo{ u5{ .

pBdzLntf eg]sf] lahg]z xf] / Tof] eg]sf] hf]lvd axg ug'{ xf] . leotgfdsf] ljsf;df u}/ cfjf;Lox?sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . g]kfndf klg Pgcf/Pgx?;“u 7"nf] of]ubfg x'g] ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; 5 . l;/fgL d'gL k};f /fVbf xfdL lgbfp“5f}+ . klZrdfx? C0f ePg eg] lgbfp“b}gg\ . C0fsf] kmfOn l;/fgL d'gL /fv]kl5 dfq} pgLx? lgbfp“5g\ . l;/fgL d'gL k};f /fv]/ wgL eOGg . l;/fgL d'gLsf] k};f nufgL u/]/ dfq} wgL eOG5 . xfdL l;/fgL d'gLsf] k};f lgsfNg dfr{df nufgL ;Dd]ng ug{ nfu]sf xf}+ . ;Dd]ng cl3 lkm6f, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g Nofp“5f}+ . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cg';Gwfgdf nufgL ul//x]sf 5}gf}+ . cg';Gwfgsf] nflu s]lx k|ltzt 5'6\ofpg' k5{ . pBdzLntfsf] cg';Gwfgdf xfdLn] sfd} u/]sf /x]g5f}+ . cg';Gwfgdf lghL If]]qn] klg gfkmfsf] s]lx k|ltzt 5'6\ofcf];\ eGg] cg'/f]w 5 .

46

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

rf}yf] ;qM ;kmntfsf ufyfx?

kl/jt{gsf] g]t[Tj (Journey to Success : Lead to Change) rf}yf] r/0fdf s]xL ;kmn pBdLx?sf] ;kmntfsf] syf -Journey to Success : Lead to Change_ k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . o; r/0fdf nufgL af]8{sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t dxfk|;fb clwsf/Ln] ;efkltTj u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmd ljzfn u|'ksf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ljzfn u}/]n] u/]sf] lyP . o; k|:t'ltdf ;kmn pBdLx?sf] af/]df ;+If]kdf >Job[Zo k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . k|:t't 5 ;kmn pBdLx?n] JoQm u/]sf] ;+:d/0fsf] ;f/M

47

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

jL/]Gb|/fh kf08]

k|aGw lgb]{zs, g]kfn cfbz{ lgdf{0f ;]jf

cfgGb s'6L, l;4fy{ ag:ynL x'“b} c:sndf k9]“ . To;kl5 ef/taf6 l;len Ol~hlgo/ eP“ . a'jfn] z'? ug'{ ePsf] Joj;fonfO{ cl3 a9fpg' lyof] . Tof] ;Dxf“n] . lx+;fsf] ;dodf c;'/lIft 7fp“df klg sfd ug'{kg{] cj:yf lyof] . ;'/Iffsf] 7'nf] r'gf}tL lyof] . Sof; km\nf]sf] ;d:of klg ef]Ug' k/]sf] lyof] . d}n] @)$* ;fnb]lv g} lgdf{0f Joj;foL dxf;+3df sfd u/]sf] x'“ . @) b]z ;xefuL /x]sf] lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] ;+:yfdf g]kfnnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf] 5' . pBdLn] cfkm\gf] pBdsf] k|j4{gnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . To;kl5 ;du| pBf]u If]qdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . xfdLn] bf];|f] k':tfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf nflu o'y sG6\ofS6/x?sf] P;f]l;o;g agfPsf 5f}+ . d rf“xL d'ntM lgdf{0f Joj;fod} dfq} ;xefuL

5' . Tof] afx]s /f]6/Ldf @))# b]lv ;xefuL /x]sf] 5' . o;n] lahg]zdf OlyS; sfod /fVg ;3fp“5 . 3/af6 aflx/ lg:s]kl5 cj;/} cj;/ 5 . xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] bIf hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf 5 . ;/sf/n] k|ltj4tf klg JoQm u/]sf] 5 ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] .

48

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

x]d/fh 9sfn

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, cfO{PdO{ u|'k

d]/f] hGd afu'nªdf ePsf] xf] / afun'ªd} :s'n k9]“ . sf7df8f}+df cfO{P:;L kl9of] . bfO{ rGb|k|;fb 9sfn a}+sdf hflu/] x'g'x'GYof] . Tolx a]nf u|f];/L k;n vf]Nof}+ . d /fd|f] k9\y] . cd]l/sf hfg] ;kgf lyof] . t/ cd]l/sfn] le;f lbPg .

To;kl5 d hfkfg uP“ . # jif{;Dd hfkfgdf !* 306f sfd u/]“ .

Tolt a]nf @) xhf/ g]kfnL hfkfgdf lyP . hfkfgL efiff /fd|f] ePsfn] a}+sdf uP/ g]kfn k};f k7fpg] bf]ef;]sf] sfd uy]{ . Tolx“af6 /]ld6\ofG; Joj;fo ug]{] ;f]“r cfof] . !((* df cfO{PdO{ vf]Ng] k|lqmof cl3 a9\of] . t/ hfkfgdf /]ld6\ofG; lahg]zsf] nflu cg'dlt kfOPg . @))! b]lv dn]l;of / g]kfndf /]ld6]G;sf] sf/f]af/ ug{] nfO;]G; kfOof] . dn]l;ofd} a;]/ cfO{dPO{sf] Joj;fo lj:tf/ u/]sf] x'“ . l8; xf]d, rGb|flu/L h:tf pBdsf] ;f]r d}n] ljb]zdf sfd ubf{ agfPsf] x'“ .

xfdLn] l6d js{df ljZjf; u/]sf xf}+ . Joj;fo lj:tf/ ub{} hf“bf xfdLn] Joj:yfkg 5f8\of}+ .

Joj;foLs ;d"xnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbof}+ . o;n] g} ;kmntf a9fPsf] xf] . h'g If]qdf xfdLn] nufgL u/\of}+ Tof] g]kfnsf nflu gof“ x'GYof] . xfdL df}h'bf ahf/df xf]Og, gof“ ahf/ agfpg ;w}“ nflu kof}{ .

To;n] xfdLnfO{ ;kmntf lbPsf] 5 .

49

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

l;kL zdf{,

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, cli6«r kmfd{

s'/f Nofp“bf r'gf}tLsf kxf8 lyP . sfg'gx? afw lyP . * jif{;Dd Joj;fo gf]S;fgL d} lyof] . ut jif{b]lv s]lx xb;Dd gfkmfdf uPsf] 5 . b]ze/ @* j6f kmfd{ lj:tf/ ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . lxhf] 3f“; lsGg'kg{] cj:yf lyof] . clxn] ls;fgx?n] tof/ kf/]sf] 3f“;n] k'U5 . *) k|ltzt k};f df;'af6 cfO{/x]sf] 5 . c? k|8S6sf] ahf/ cem} lj:tf/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ . nfut al9 k/]sf] 5 . @( hgf df:6;{ kl9/x]sf o'jfx? OG6g{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . lkPr8L k9]sfx? xfdL;“u OG6g{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfdL o;sf cGo cfofdx?nfO{ klg Joj;flos agfpg] k|of;df 5f}+ .

d afUn'ªdf hlGdPsf] x'“ . @)$( ;fndf /l;of k9\bf o'qm]g uPsf] lyP“ . Toxf“ cli6«rsf] kmfd{ b]v]“ . To;kl5 hLjgn] cs{} df]8 lnof] . z'?df cli6«r kmfd{ vf]Nbf hf]lvd g} lyof] . la/fnf] af“w]/ >f4 ug{] xfd|f] ;dfh xf] . gof“

50

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

clDasf zdf{ nfld5fg], ;~rfns, k|e' a}+s lnld6]8

d 6f]vfdf k|wfgk~rsf] 3/df hlGdPsf] dfG5] x'“ . kf“r 306f lx8]/ b/af/ xfO{:s'n k9\g cfp“y] klxn] . Tolta]nf lkl/o8 x'g' eGbf cl3 g} ljjfx ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf lyof] . P;Pn;L lbPkl5 !$ jif{sf] pd]/d} ljjfx eof] . !* jif{sf] pd]/d} @ ;Gtfg hlGdP . klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/L eof] . km]/L 5f]/f hlGdof] . ;fpgsf] dlxgfdf af6f]d} 5f]/f hGdfP uNsf]kfvfdf .

Aff6f]d} 5f]/f hlGdPkl5 l6lr+ªdf uP . 8f= z;L zdf{sL >LdtLn] ;xof]u ul/g\ . kl/jf/df ;d:of cfPkl5 ;'Ts]/L a:g 6f]vf uP“ . 3/df w]/} ;d:of cfP . To;kl5 %) ?k}+of“ af]s]/ dg{ eg]/ kf]v/f lx8]sf] lyP“ . d'lUngdf k'u], df;' eft vfP, kf]v/fsf] 8]le8 kmN;df xfd kmfNg vf]Hbf 5f]/Lsf] cg'xf/ b]v]“ . clg kms{]/ cfpg] lgwf] u/]“ . t/ kms{g k};f lyPg . vnf;Ln] bof u/]/ d'8fdf /fv]/ l;Q}df sf7df8f}+ NofO{lbof] . d'8fd} a;]/ @ ah] sf7df8f}+ cfO{k'u]“ . lx8]/ 6f]vf k'“u] ljxfg % ah] . cfdfn] s'6\g' eof] . clg d ;+3if{df nfu] . cfdfn] v]t a]r]/ @) xhf/ ?k}+of“ lbg'eof] . sn]h k9\g yfn]“ . ejg e6\6 / uug yfkf d]/f] sIffsf ;xsdL{ lyP . n kmd{df sfd uy{], aRrf

la/fdL lyof] . n kmd{sf] xflsdn] !) ldg]6 l9nf cfp“bf ufnL uof]{ . hflu/ 5f8]/ cfkm}+ sfd ug{ yfn] . 5lj/fh cf]emfn] tkfO{ h] klg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 eg]/ pTk|]/0ff lbg'eof] . d}n] cfzf OG6/g]zgn sDkgL % nfv @) xhf/ lt/]/ nfO;]G; lnP“ . d}n] @ jif{df % nfv hDdf u/]sf] lyP“ . @))! df cfzf OG6/g]zgn vf]n]“ . stf/ uP“, dfs{]l6+u u/]“ .

Toxf“af6 /fd|f] sdfO{ eof] . To;kl5 d}n] ljQLo If]qdf nufgL ug{ yfn] . nufgLnfO{ ljljlws/0f ub}{ uP . o;/L d ;kmn eP“ .

51

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;lt; s'df/ df]/

cWoIf, nSsL u|'k ckm sDkgL

d jL/u~hdf hGd]sf] x'“ . z'?df xfdLn] 6fo/sf] Jofkf/ yfn]sf lyof}“ . kl5 ljleGg j:t'sf] Jofkf/ x'“b} ;]jfsf] If]qdf nufgL lj:tf/ u/\of}+ . /fHonfO{ klg s]xL of]ubfg ug]{ sfd ug'{ k5{ eg]/ xfdLn] @)^!÷^@ af6 x]6f}8fdf l;d]G6 pBf]u vf]Ng] sfd z'? u/\of}+ .

Tolta]nf dfcf]jfbLsf] kmf]g cfpg] lalQs} 8/fpg' kg{] cj:yf lyof] . k|r08 k|wfgdGqL ePsf] a]nfdf Pp6f sfo{qmddf e]6\g] df}sf ldNof] . d}n] pxf“;“u pBf]u vf]Ng nfu]sf] t/ lah'nL hf]8g g;s]sf], ;8s gag]sf], dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] rGbf dfu]/ b'Mv lbPsf] s'/f ;'gfP . ;/sf/;“u s]xL ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /x]sf] ;'gfP . pxf“n] cfkmgf] ;xof]uLnfO{ tTsfn eg]/ ;do ldnfpg eGg'eof] . ef]lnkN6 ;do ldNof] . xfdLn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ e]6]/ cfkm\gf s'/f /fVof}+ . pxf“n] tTsflng cy{dGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ e]6\g eGg'eof] . ;do klg k|wfgdGqL sfo{noaf6 s'/f u/]/ ldnfO{lbg' eof] . xfdLn] cy{dGqL afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ e]6\of} . pxf“n] xfd|f] k|:tfjnfO{ lgs} dxTj lbP/ ;'Gg'eof] . s]xL lbgdf pxf“n] ah]6 Nofpg' eof] .

To; ah]6df lzjd\ pBf]u;Dd k'Ug] df]6/ af6f] / lah'nLsf] nflu of]hgf /flvlbg'eof] . ah]6df pNn]v ePcg';f/ sfd klg eof] . pBf]u ;kmn eof] . lzjd\ l;d]G6;“usf] ;fem]bf/Ldf xf]ª\;L l;d]G6 pBf]u v'Nof] . ;/sf/n] yf]/} ;xof]u u/\of], pBf]usf nflu k"jf{wf/ eg] pBf]usf] ljsf; x'G5 . pBdLx? hGdG5g\ . xfdL lg/Gt/ nufgL j[l4 ul//x]sf 5f}+ . cg]s ptf/ r9fjsfaLr cf+lzs ;kmntf kfO{/x]sf 5f}+ . ;lx p2]Zo / ;lx ;f]“rsf nflu sfd ul/of] eg] cjZo ;kmn eOG5 .

52

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

clgn s]z/L zfx

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, gljn a}+s lnld6]8

g]kfn ul/a / ;fgf] b]z xf]Og . b]z ljsf; ug{] dfgj hgzlQmn]] xf] . of] ;fgf] b]zdf 7"nf] ;|ft] ;fwg 5 . vf8L agfpg] g]kfnL g} x'g\ . kl;gf aufpg ;S5f}+ . xfdL;“u j'l4 klg 5 . kl/jt{gsf] cf/De s]an cfkm}af6 u/f}+ . cfkm" kmf]x/ gkmfNg] dfq} xf]Og, c?n] kmfn]sf] kmf]x/ klg l6k]/ 8i6lagdf kmfnf}+ . clgn zfx h:tf] dfG5] of] b]znfO{ rflxPsf] xf]Og . ha l;s/ xf]Og, ha lqmo6/ rflxPsf] 5 b]znfO{ . d sxf“ /]hd' L -afof]8f6f_ af]s/] hflu/ dfUg gcfpg';\ . k|fh ] S] 6 af]s/] C0f dfUg cfpg';\ . d pxf“x?nfO{ ;Ddfg u5'{ .

dxfk|;fb clwsf/L

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, g]kfn nufgL af]8{

;/sf/n] nufgL ;Dd]ng ub{5} . o:tf ;ld6x?xn] pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;3fp“5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] r}t !% / !^ ut] nufgL ;Dd]ng ub{5} . sfg'gL / gLltut ;'wf/sf k|of; ;Dd]ng cl3 g} ;DkGg x'g5] g\ . kmf:6 6«ofsdf sfg'gx? cfp“b5} g\ . sfg'g ;+;f]wgsf k|lqmofdf /fo k|ltlqmof rflxof] . To;sf nflu ;/sf/n] ;3fp“5 . of] b]z o:t} cj:yfdf /x“bg} . ;'wf/sf k|lqmofx? b|t' ultdf cl3 a9]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/df ePsf a]i6 k|flS6;x?nfO{ Nofpg ;/sf/ k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jn] c;n lgotn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . lahg]zdf cfOl8of Nofpg';\ . a}s + n] k};f lbG5g\, ;/sf/n] klg ;3fp“5 . ;/sf/ lghL If]q;“u ;lqmo ;xefuLtfsf nflu k|ltj4 5 .

53

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;dfkg ;df/f]x pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] ;dfkg k"j{ k|wfgdGqL tyf g]skfsf] cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ún] ug'{eof] . ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf k|r08, cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqL dflqsf ofbj, s0ff{nL k|b]z of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf 8f= k'0ok|;fb /]UdL, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf] cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] dGtJo /fv]sf] lyP eg] kl/;+3sf pkfWoIf s[i0fk|;fb clwsf/Ln] wGojfb lbP . k|:t't 5 ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf aQmfx?n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/sf] ;f/ M

xl/eQm zdf{

cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3

g]kfndf klxnf] k6s cfof]hgf ePsf] pBdzLntf lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;kmn eof] . /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx?, k|bz] dGqLx?, ;f+;bx?, pBdL Joj;fox?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf, pT;fxhgs dGtJo / pBdLx?nfO{ pTk|l] /t ug]{ ul/ cfPsf k|ltj4tfn] xfdLnfO{ pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 . pBdL ;Dd]ngn] g]kfndf pBd Joj;fo ug{ g]kfnLnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt u/]sf] 5 . xfdL rfxfG5f}+ ljZj ahf/sf] cWoog u/]/ plrt sfg'g agf];\ . k'/fgf sfg'gx? ;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g x'g\ . ljut &) jif{bl] v cfoft hf/L 5 . cfoft u/]/ vfcf}“ . pBf]u aGb u/f}+ . hUuf pBf]u dfq df}nfof] . lsGg] / a]Rg]x?n] pRr cfly{s pGglt xfl;n u/] . pBf]u rnfpg]x? kl5 k/] . o:tf] cj:yf cGTo x'g] gLlt ;/sf/n] lnof];\ . /fhgLlt kl/jt{g eof] . /fhgLlts g]tTjn] 7"nf] Tofu u/\of] . ca !%÷@) jif{df b]z ;d[4 agfpg] k|ltj4 xf}+ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] gLlt agfpg] qmddf cfjZos ;'emfj lbg lghL If]q ;Ifd 5 . ;/sf/sf]

gLlt lghL If]qnfO{ nufgL ug{ k|l] /t x'gk' g]{ 5 . g]kfnLx?n] ca dfu]/ vfb}g+ g\, xfdL sfd u/]/ vfg ;S5f}+ eg]/ d k"j{ k|wfgdGqL k|r08 ;dIf eGg rfxfG5' . xfdLnfO{ nfU5 lghL If]q / ;/sf/ xft]dfnf] u/]/ ;“u;“u} hfg'k5{ . xfd|f] ;'emfjnfO{ uxgtfsf ;fy lng'xg' 5] eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . d oxf“af6 aflx/ lg:sL“bf gof“ ;f]rsf] ljsf; ug{ ;s'“ . ;a}df wGojfb .

54

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

8f= k'0ok|;fb /]UdL

pkfWoIf, s0ff{nL k|b]z of]hgf cfof]u

cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu nufgL a9fpg'k5{ . hlta]nf nufgL a9]sf] 5 Tolta]nf cfly{s j[l4 pRr x'G5 . nufgLsf] s'/f ubf{ 8f“8fdf, kfgLdf, vfgLdf w]/} ;Defjgf 5 . ;dy/ hldgdf dfq xf]Og, kxf8df klg ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf vf]hL u/f}+ . cg';Gwfgdf ;/sf/n] nufgL a9fpg'k5{ . of]hgf a}+s agfpg'k5{ . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u @% jif]{ of]hgf agfpg nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . k|To]s k|b]z k~rjif]{ of]hgf agfpg nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] cfly{s If]qnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdL k/Dk/fut tl/sfaf6 xf]Og . gof“ k|of]un] cl3 a9\g' k5{ . Ps k|b]z / csf]{ k|b]zsf] ;dGjo ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g 5 . of] % / ^ k|b]z aLr tfnd]n ldnfpg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . !* xhf/ d]ufjf6 Ifdtf ePsf] s0ff{nL k|b]zdf clxn] $ d]ufjf6 ljB't klg pTkfbg ePsf] 5}g . d cfly{s If]qsf] k|Wofks x'“ . t/ pBdLsf] k|Wofks tkfO{x? x'g'x'G5 . xfdLn] :yfgLo txnfO{ alnof] agfpg' k5{ . 5fgf] dfq alnof] agfP/ x'“b}g hu alnof] agfpg' k5{ . s]Gb| ;/sf/ alnof] eof], ufp“kflnsf, gu/kflnsf sdhf]/ eP eg] ;+3Lotfsf] efjgfcg';f/ ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g .

clxn] k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/sf] tof/L 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;kmn eof] eg] sfo{qmd lgs} ;sf/fTds x'g]5 . sg]S6LeL6L klxnf] k|fyldstf xf] . xfdLn] sf7df8f}+af6 @ 306fdf kf]v/f k'Ug] jftfj/0f agfpg' k5{ . xfdL ;]G;/ ;e]{ @)!( df ub}{5f}+ . of] @)!( d} Nofpg ;lsPg . gof“ 8f6fdf sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . gof“ pBf]u v'Ng ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 .

55

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

8f= o'j/fh vltj8f cy{dGqL

k"jf{wf/ hGo Joj;fo Jofh j[l4n] ;d:of ePsf] 5 . a}+sx?n] cfGtl/s C0f, a}b]lzs C0f lng] Joj:yf 5 . ca a}+sx?n] slxn] ^ k|ltzt slxn] !^ k|ltzt agfpg] sfd aGb ug'{xf];\ eg]/ a}+lsª ;d'bfonfO{ eg]sf] 5' . /fhZj k|0ffnLdf w]/} kl/jt{g ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ljZjdf pTkflbt a:t' 8lDkmª aGb u/]sf 5f}+ . cfGtl/s pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbPsf 5f}+ . /fhZj u'd]klg xfdLn] s]xL cfoftdf s8f ub}{5f}+ . cfO{6La]; If]qdf /fd|f] ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;f]km]l:6s]6]8 pBf]u cfPsf 5g\ . >dsf] ;Ddfg a9\bf] 5 . plrt Hofnf lbg ;a} tof/ x'g'k5{ . pBdlzntf ;Dd]ngn] lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;/sf/n] dgg ug]{5 .

pBdlzntf c?n] ljsf; ug]{ xf]Og . cfkm} lgdf{0f x'G5 . cf“6 cfkm}n] ug]{ xf] . ;/sf/n] jftfj/0f agfpg' k5{ . lzIff k|ljlwd}qL x'g'k5{ . dfWolds txsf] lzIffdf ;Lko'Qm lzIff lb“b}5f}+ . pgLx? :s"n k9\g] ljBfyL{x? OG6g{ ug{ pBf]ux?df hfg] k|jGw ub}{5f}+ . lzIffnfO{ g} pBdzLntf tkm{ s]lGb|t agfpg'k5{ . @)#) df xfdLn] k|fljlws lzIffnfO{ &) k|ltzt agfpg] nIo lnPsf 5f}+ . ;a} hf]lvd pBdLn] lng' kb}{g . ;/sf/n] hf]lvd sd ug{ sfd yfn]sf] 5 . aLdf Joj:yf 5 . Joj;foLsf] hLjg aLdfsf] k|aGw u/]sf] 5f}+ . ;fgf Joj;fo, s[lif Joj;fodf aLdf cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+ . ljb]zL d'b|f hf]lvd sd ug{ x]lhª km08sf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ uPsf 5f}+ . yk hf]lvd lng Joj;foL tof/ x'g'k5{ .

56

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

k'iksdn bfxfn

k"j{k|wfgdGqL tyf cWoIf, g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{

@! cf}+ ztfAbLdf gLlh If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt gu/L, s/ k|0ffnLdf ljz]if 5'6 ;'ljwf glbP;Dd nufgL j[l4 x'g ;Sb}g . pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;xh a}+lsª ;'ljwf ug'{kg]{5 . xfdLnfO{ ljb]zL nufgL klg leq\ofpg'5 . :jb]zL nufgL klg k|f]T;flxt ug'{ 5 . pgLx?sf] nufgL ;'/lIft x'g' k5{ . gfkmf x'g] jftfj/0f lbg'k5{ . b]zleq cljZjf; / cfz+sfsf] jftfj/0f eof] eg] ljb]zL nufgL cfp“b}g . xfdLn] ;d[l4sf] af6f] vf]nL;s]sf 5f}+ . clwsf/nfO{ u|fp08 n]jn;Dd gk'/\ofO{ ;kmn x'g ;Sb}gf}+ . xfdL;“u alnof] ;/sf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd w]/} dxTjsf+IfL nIosf ;fy cfPsf 5g\ . d / k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL ldn]/ ;d[l4sf] ofqfnfO{ ult lbgsf] nflu nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . t/ sxf“ uf7f] kof]{ xfdL x]b}{5f}+ . xfdL lghL If]qnfO{ w]/} ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf] nflu x/avt k|of;/t 5f}+ . clxn] lghL If]qnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f km/s 5 . xfdLn] xfd|f] pBf]unfO{ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|lt:kwL{ agfpg nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] klxn] klxn] xfd|f] b]zsf] nufgLnfO{ kl/rfng u/L ljb]zL nufgLnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg ;lsG5 . o'jfx?nfO{ pBddf ultzLn agfpg' k5{ . xfdLn] l56f] ultdf k|ult u/]sf b]zx? klg b]v]sf 5f}+ . b]z klxnf h:tf] c/fhstfl/tfdf hf“b}g . g]kfndf 9'Ss eP/ nufgL ug{ ;a} pBdL Joj;foLnfO{ cfu|x ub{5' .

g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3sf] cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{sf] ;f]r, ultljlw w]/} /fd|f] 5 . pxf“sf] g]t[Tjdf kl/;+3sf] ultljlw lgs} nf]slk|o aGb} cfO/sf] 5 . o;n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbO/xsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] pBdLnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] ;f]rdf, dfgl;stfdf b'ljwf x'g'kb}{g, gof“ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts kl/jt{glagf ljsf; x'“b}g eg]/ xfdLn] w]/} ;+3if{ u/f}}+ . clxn] Tof] jftfj/0f ag]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts kl/jt{g dfq xf]Og, k|0ffnL g} kl/jt{g u/]sf 5f}+ . gful/sx? clwsf/ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . xfdLn] /fhtGq kmfNof}“ . u0ftGq Nofof}“ . ;+3Lotf Nofof}“ . ;fdfGo P]g kl/jt{g ug{ bf“taf6 kl;gf cfpg yfNof] . sd{rf/Lx?n] ;xof]u u/]g . /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ePcg';f/ P]g sfg'g aGg ;ls/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL lghL If]qnfO{ pko'Qm x'g], lghL If]qn] gfkmf ug]{, gfkmf x'g] u/L P]g sfg'g agfpg] 5f}+ .

57

g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

;Ddfg tyf sb/ pb\3f6g ;qdf /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] gljn a}+ssf cWoIf zDe'k|;fb kf}8]n, b]p/fnL hgtf kmdf{:o'l6sN;sf lgb]{zs ;'/heQm kf}8]n, xf]ª\;L l;d]G6sf lgb]{zs uf}/j uf]on, l8; xf]d lnld6]8sf ;LO{cf] ;'lbk cfrfo{, rGb|uL/L lxN;\ lnld6]8sf k|aGw lgb]{zs x]d/fh 9sfn, lzv/ OG:of]/]G; lnld6]8sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t bLkk|sfz kf08]nfO{ ;Ddflgt ug'{eof] . ;DalGwt sDkgLx?n] pBdzLntf lzv/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u u/]sf lyP .

To:t}, sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;];gsf aQmf / df]8/]6/nfO{ sb/kq k|bfg tyf / vfbfaf6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

58

cg';"rL (Annex)

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

THEME

Federal Nepal: Opportunities for Investment and Growth

OBJECTIVES

The first endeavor of CNI in collaboration with the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Industries and Supplies and Bishal Media Group, the Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019 aims to: i) Provide networking platform for entrepreneurs, ii) Promote entrepreneurship as an engine of growth and prosperity and iii) Propel the positive changes to the regulatory and social environment.

PARTICIPANTS

Investors, Industry Leaders, Aspiring Entrepreneurs, Students, Legislators, Non-State Actors and the Media.

BACKGROUND

Prosperity and growth are what citizens of Nepal now aspire for after the prolonged political transition. Role of entrepreneurs is paramount in achieving this goal. Historically, however, the contribution of manufacturing to the GDP has shrunk from about 10% in 1996/97 to less than 6% now.

There has been a sustained state of alarming trade deficit in the country. In order to reverse the trend, there is an eminent need to encourage younger people to become job creators rather than job seekers. There is a dire need to create employment within the country to check on the alarming trend of youth migrating overseas for work. There is also a need to create positive impacts and hope, even more than creating employment.

The recent changes in federal and government structures, has further fueled the need to create conducive business environment and thus, stimulate entrepreneurial environment across Nepal. An economic

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

transformation, in true sense, is possible only when innovative ideas, practices and opportunities are leveraged on at national, provincial and local level.

Learning from the transformational stories of several economies and even within Nepal, entrepreneurship has long been proven as an epicenter of growth. It is the backbone of economic growth and development.

Entrepreneurship is the sole means to leverage on innovative ideas, which put into action, becomes a prominent way to tackle with burgeoning problems like poverty, unemployment and youth migration.

Entrepreneurship is not only a mere creation of new business ventures, but innovating new ways to solve existing problems and creating values.

The first Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019, to be hosted by the Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) on 14 February 2019, will assemble over 700 participants. It will reinforce entrepreneurship as the vehicle for rapid economic development, develop networks between small, medium and large entrepreneurs to create conducive environment for innovation, technology and entrepreneurship development.

The Summit will focus on the sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem and its relevance in the current federal structure. The outcomes from these discussions will go on to support governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision and action plan to drive entrepreneurship across Nepal. The summit will feature other revitalizing events such as start-up showcase cum exhibition, plenary sessions with leaders and experts from diverse sector and interaction sessions with youth entrepreneurs, industry leaders and venture capitalists from Nepal, Singapore, India, China and so on.

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

SESSION BRIEF

Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019 The first Nepal Entrepreneurship Summit 2019, to be hosted by the Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) on 14 February 2019, will assemble over 700 participants. It will reinforce entrepreneurship as the vehicle for rapid economic development, develop networks between small, medium and large entrepreneurs to create conducive environment for innovation, technology and entrepreneurship development. The Summit will focus on the sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem and its relevance in the current federal structure.

The outcomes from these discussions will go on to support governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision and action plan to drive entrepreneurship across Nepal. The summit will feature other revitalizing events such as start-up showcase cum exhibition, plenary sessions with leaders and experts from diverse sector and interaction sessions with youth entrepreneurs, industry leaders and venture capitalists from Nepal, Singapore, India, China and so on.

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

PLENARY SESSION 1

Provinces - Fostering Investment and Job Opportunities The constitution promulgated in 2015 restructured Nepal into a federal republic. Currently, the administrative, legal and institutional infrastructure are being setup at the local and provincial level. Governments at all three levels are committed to drive the prosperity agenda forward by enhancing investment in critical areas of agriculture, infrastructure, industries, health and education etc.

While the plan may have rightly captured the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;moodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and aspiration of the public for rapid economic progress, there has been no systematic assessment of the investment need of the country. Additionally, national framework for public financial management, particularly in the context of transition to federalism need to be streamlined. The current gloomy picture of the level of capital expenditure has to improve. It is imperative that the conducive investment climate be created to achieve the desired outcomes as committed.

Provincial governments, being the new setups, possess unprecedented opportunities to plan and execute flagship projects unique to their provinces which can transform the economy and living standard of the people.

OBJECTIVES:

n

Identify the priority areas of investment in individual provinces n Gain assurance of regulatory reforms to attract potential investors

QUESTIONS:

n

What are the priority areas that the province would like to attract investment in? n What are the incentives that the entrepreneurs get by investing and creating employment in the province? n What are the plans of the provincial government to create conducive and predictable regulatory environment?

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PLENARY SESSION 2 Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Entrepreneurs are those who take risks, give solutions and create value with innovative ideas and ultimately create employment and support the economy. In the recent past there has been some development of innovative curriculum in Nepal which incline graduates towards starting out their own venture rather than seeking jobs.

There are inherent challenges confronting the entrepreneurs in Nepal.

Unfavorable regulatory environment, difficult access to finance, lack of predictability and transparency in the system, lack of social recognition are some of them. However, there are plenty of opportunities arising out of the current state of demographics, employment and development.

OBJECTIVES:

n

Establish entrepreneurship as a vehicle of economic growth and prosperity n Encourage existing and budding entrepreneurs to contribute more to the Nepalese economy

QUESTIONS:

n

What are the opportunities and challenges in the existing entrepreneurial domain? n What could be the enabling factors that would invigorate the business environment? n How can young entrepreneurs be supported more?

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PLENARY SESSION 3

Bridging the Gap between Idea and Funding Entrepreneurs are those who take risks, give solutions and create value with innovative ideas and ultimately create employment and support the economy. However, for any business idea to become a business opportunity, there are plenty of hurdles. Country need to harness the latent potential of those business ideas becoming reality and contributing to the economy.

There has been some initiation from the government to bridge the financial gap by establishment of youth self-employment fund. Private sector and professional organizations have also contributed from their part. However, a more concrete initiative will be required to incubate ideas, provide mentorship and necessary recourses including funding.

OBJECTIVES:

n

Establish the significance of generating business ideas which could be realized as business opportunities n Identify the pathways to bridge the gap between the idea and reality

QUESTIONS:

n

How can the generation of entrepreneurship ideas be nurtured? n What can be done to mentor and support budding entrepreneurs? n What could be the institutional and regulatory reforms?

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NEPAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUMMIT 2019 “Federal Nepal : Opportunities for Investment and Growth”

Organized by: CNI, Government of Nepal and Bishal Media Group Thursday, 14 February 2019 : Hotel Yak and Yeti, Durbar Marg, Kathmandu

Program

Details of the Program/ Officials Delegates Registration and Networking

Opening Plenary : Inauguration of the Summit Welcome Speech Inauguration Remarks

Mr Hari Bhakta Sharma, President, CNI Rt. Hon’ble Mrs. Bidya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal Dr Rajendra KC, Chairman, Vishal Media Group

Hon’ble Mr Matrika Prasad Yadav- Minister for Industry, Commerce and Supplies Rt. Hon’ble Mrs. Bidya Devi Bhandari, Inaugural Address President of Nepal Memento Presentation Vote of Thanks Mr Satish Kumar More, Senior Vice President - CNI Refreshment and Networking Break Address

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

PLENARY Session 1 : Provinces - Fostering Investment and Job Opportunities Hon’ble Dr. Yuba Raj Katiwada, Minister for Finance, Govt of Nepal 1. Hon’ble Mr Jagadish Prasad Kusiyat, Minister for Industry, Province No 1 2. Hon’ble Mr Ram Nearesh Rae, Minister for Industry, Province No 2 3. Hon’ble Mr Arun Prasad Nepal, Minister for Industry, Province No 3 Panel Discussion 4. Hon’ble Mr Bikash Lamsal, Minister for Industry, Gandaki Province 5. Hon’ble Mr Lila Giri, Minister for Industry, Province No 5 6. Hon’ble Mr Nanda Singh Budha, Minister for Industry, Karnali Province 7. Hon’ble Ms. Maya Bhatta, Minister for Industry, Sudurpashchim Province Summation and Closing of the Plenary by Chair Moderator Mr Dil Bhushan Pathak, Senior Journalist-Thinker Session Chair

Lunch and Networking Break Special Address to the Summit : Rt. Hon’ble Mr KP Sharma Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal

PLENARY Session 2: Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Hon’ble Mr. Surendra Pandey, Former Minister and Member of Parliament Dr. Govind Pokharel, Former Vice Chairman, Key Note Address National Planning Commission Session Chair

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g]kfn pBdzLntf ;Dd]ng @)!( sf] sfo{ljj/0f

Panelist: 1. Hon’ble Mr Mahesh Basnet, Former Minister and Member of Parliament 2. Hon’ble Mr Gagan Thapa, Former Minister and Panel Discussion Member of Parliament 3. Mr D K Aggarwal, Senior Vice President, PHDCCI, India 4. Mr Shekhar Golchha - Senior Vice President, FNCCI 5. Mr Pawan Golyan, CEO, Reliance Spinning Mills 6. Dr Upendra Mahato - MD, Nepal Medicity Hospital Floor discussion Summation and Closing of the Plenary by Chair Moderator Mr Tikaram Yatri, AP1 TV Refreshment and Networking Break

PLENARY Session 3 : Bridging the gap between idea and funding Session Chair Key Note Address

Idea Exchange/ Discussion

Moderator

Mr. Madhu Marasini, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies Mr Siddhant Pandey - Business Oxygen and the Dalle Story 1. Mr Madhav Dhungel, VC, National Youth Council 2. Mr Sudhir Mittal, MD, Shree Airlines 3. Mr Bhawan Bhatta - President, NRN Association 4. Mr Rabi Rayamajhi, Private Sector Development Advisor, DFID 5. Mr Suman Joshi- True North Associates, Equity Funds and Foodmandu Floor discussion Summation and Closing of the Session by Chair Ms Kriti Panth Refreshment and Networking Break

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Session 4: Journey to Success - Leading for Change Session Chair Mr Maha Prasad Adhikari, CEO, Nepal Investment Board Success Stories: 1. Mr. Hemraj Dhakal, MD IME Group 2. Mr Birendra Pandey, ED, Nepal Adarsha Nirman CO Panel Discussion 3. Mr Satish Kumar More- Chairman, Lucky Group 4. Mr CP Sharma, CEO, Ostrich Farm 5. Mr Anil Keshary Shah, CEO, Nabil Bank 6. Ms Ambica Sharma Lamichhane, Director, Prabhu Bank Summation and Closing of the Session by Chair Moderator Bishal Gaire- CEO Vishal Media

Closing Plenary Closing Remarks Valedictory Remarks Special Address Special Address Vote of Thanks

Mr Hari Bhakta Sharma, President, CNI Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi - VC, Planning Commission Karnali Pradesh Hon’ble Dr Yubaraj Khatiwada, Minister for Finance Hon’ble Mr Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda, Former Prime Minister & Chairman, CPN Mr Krishna Prasad Adhikari, Vice President, CNI

Reception and Dinner

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PHOTO GALLERY

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Organizer

Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI)

Government of Nepal Ministry of Finance

Government of Nepal Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Supplies

Bishal Media Group (BMG)

Main Sponsor

Supporters

Hongshi Shivam Cement

Shikhar Insurance

deurali-janta pharmaceuticals

Shanker Group

Hilltake Water Tank

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Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) 5th Floor, Trade Tower, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977-1-5111122, 5111123, Fax:+977-1-5111125 Web: www.cnind.org 76