G322B Institutions and Audiences – Key Terms
General Terms
Production Distribution Marketing Exhibition Consumption Exchange Audience Institution Institutional Convergence Conglomerate Synergy Globalisation Oligopoly
Ownership
Investment/ funding Parent company/ Sister Company Independent Major Mainstream Art-house Vertical integration Horizontal integration Alliance Public subsidy Autonomy
ogyTechnol
Diversification Technological Convergence Hardware Content Proliferation Digital/ Digitalisation Viral Marketing Guerilla Marketing
The making of something (so the production of a film) Getting a media product out there for consumers (into cinemas/ DVD release/ online distribution‌) The advertising of a film (but also the targeting of a particular audience) Cinemas (in the case of the film industry) The moment/ place where the consumer gives their money in exchange for the product. The people who watch/ consume a film/ media text A Company/ Where two companies merge/ join together/ become one A large company made up of lots of subsidiary companies. Using different parts of a company to promote a film. The global market Monopoly= a market dominated by one company. Oligopoly= dominated by a few companies The money that goes into a film production Parent company = owners (e.g. Universal for Working Title). Sister company = horizontally integrated branch of the company (e.g. WT2 for Working Title) Either: Institutionally independent/ separate/ autonomous OR Aesthetically independent (see arthouse) The film industry is dominated by 6 major companies: Warner; 20th Century Fox; Paramount; Universal; Columbia (owned by Sony); Disney Think: Meet the Parents; Vue. Commercial; mass audience Think: This is England; Cinema City; non-commercial; niche audience Merger of companies at different levels in the production process (e.g. production AND distribution) Merger of companies across the same level of the production process (e.g. distribution of film AND music, or distribution across different continents) Two companies working together on a project but not merging (they remain separate companies) Funding/ investment in the film industry paid from public sources (e.g. Lottery money/ Arts Council/ Government incentives) The ability to make your own independent decisions. Do Working Title have autonomy? Where a company branches out into new areas (e.g. Cinema City exhibiting opera streaming) Where two technologies come together in one device (e.g. the iPhone) Devices used to watch/ create content (films, in this case) What you play/ create on hardware (content=the actual films themselves) A rapid increase in the amount of‌ Definition: A marketing technique aiming at reproducing "word of mouth", usually on the internet and through existing social networks. Definition: The use of unconventional and low cost marketing strategies to raise awareness of a product (can include viral strategies)