Weaving Resilience - Social and pyroseismic resilience in Kyojima, Tokyo by Cecile Ngoc Suong Perdu

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Portfolio

Paper

Cecile Ngoc Suong Perdu

Unit 1 - Carp Dragon Snake Dance KyŌjima. Tokyo

Resilience•earthquake•community

Paper

What would a contemporary Minka in Tokyo be? A look at how making the building is the event. Making the building is making the community. A look at the damaged image of the ideal minka and the accompanying ideal bucolic life in modern day Tokyo. A look at how a building can build social and seismic resilience in the neighborhood of Kyojima.

Paper

Shuffled:

Carp Dragon Snake Dance Carp Poetry Images Site studies Threads of KyĹ?jima - initial attempt at programme Urban Scale Conception & adventures - Land readjustment, urban disaster egress strategies Constraints in Tokyo - Legislative Threads Conception in Tokyo - Damaging the ideal - the wounded image of the minka

Dragon Structural Lessons from the Minka - Weaving seismic resilience Structural adventures - the sliding beam Small sections, large gatherings - Weaving social resilience Construction consideration Design development - Seismic analysis and integral structural design Design development - Outlaw moments

Snake

The Design Refined

Table of contents ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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There is a story here // Woven together by people and parts and rituals and heart // There is a story here // Where spools of threads unroll over each other // The place takes shape // Some threads are laid out on the ground // Where lines cross they join and form beams atop one another // Where threads are pulled upwards they become columns enclosing homes // Some threads draw people over to the place // Each carry their own piece of wood // Then they weave together the roof // making sure beam and column join as they go// Weave // Weave // Weave // A rhythm // A pattern // Some dance // Some work // Some carry tiny pieces // Others hustle larger parts // All looking to make the ideal // Some threads get tangled // the building is trying to fit within the chaos // small parts squeezing into even smaller spaces // trying to pool together something big // small parts by small people // large parts by the village // carrying carrying // weaving weaving // building building // //sometimes the earth roars in its slumber// the building answers and rumbles along// the roof shakes to the tune // and the people dance footlose atop// great things by small people// dancing // dancing

Some words to remember as you go along Woven & Damage, the ideal & the wounded image, order & chaos Repeated, they form rhythm and poetry

Poetry Images Lessons from the Minka ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SNAKE -

1 Trace

the general scheme

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In Ersilia, to establish the relationships that sustain the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life, the inhabitants stretch strings from the corners of the houses, white or black or gray or black-and-white according to whether they mark a relationship of blood, of trade, or authority, agency. When the strings become so numerous that you can no longer pass among them, the inhabitants leave: the houses are dismantled; only the strings and their supports remain. From a mountainside, camping with their household goods, Ersiliaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s refugees look at the labyrinth of taut strings and poles that rise in the plain. That is the city of Ersilia still, and they are nothing. They rebuild Ersilia elsewhere. They weave a similar pattern of strings which they would like to be more complex and at the same time more regular than the other. Then they abandon it and take themselves and their houses still farther away. Thus, when travelling in the territory of Ersilia, you come upon the ruins of the abandoned cities, without the walls which do not last, without the bones of the dead which the wind rolls away: spiderwebs of intricate relationships seeking a form.

Trading Cities - Ersilia, in Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

The hyperconnectivity of the Minka to its bucolic setting and people is in itself a thread that can be traced to the dense network of cables that connect contemporary Tokyo to its energy, transport, influx of goods, people and culture. Yet perhaps the most important threads are the ones connecting the people of KyĹ?jima to their small neiborhood and to each other.

Poetry ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

HANDS HANDS HANDS HANDS HANDS Paper

The Minka is a model of how the building is the point at which threads of society, culture, structure and environment overlap. On this specific location, it weaves into form a space of gathering and dwelling. Through their hands, Frank Lloyd Wright shows us the interconnectivity of Japanese architecture while Kengo Kuma explains the humanity of it. The architecture that I am trying to weave into form is one of small members, woven together, combined with big gestures that gather the community in a unified effort of building resilience.

Lessons from the Minka ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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////Frank Lloyd Wright on Japanese Architecture

Woven Architecture

1953 ////Kengo Kuma on Japanese Architecture

Architecture at human scale

How to create a building of human scale in a large city like Tokyo?

2018

HANDS HANDS HANDS HANDS HANDS Paper

////Frank Lloyd Wright on Japanese Architecture

Wright on the gasshĹ?

Wright on the Mass and the sliding plane

Wright describing how Japanese architecture is tightly woven into community, and is a tapestry of different systems coming together.

////Kengo Kuma on Japanese Architecture Kuma on how things deform /////KxK temperature sensitive project Kuma on how things are made of small member //// Bridge Museum

Kuma says Kuma on how things come together

Images - Architects describing Japanese Architecture ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Use small sections. It is the coming together of those small sections that gives a sense of a small village

Japan Tokyo Sumida KyĹ?jima 35.7147548 - Lat 139.82331980000004 - Long 12m - Alt

Site Studies

Studies of social resilience, urban approach, disaster prevention and evacuation.

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Ara kaw r ive a R

Sumida River

Minami-Senju Station

Towards Katsushika

Cargo/Freight Station

Sumida

River

Kyunaka River

Towards City Center

Shinto Shrine Temple School

Site 1:6250 KyĹ?jima- Sumida ////////////////////////////////////////////// Note the abundance of school surrounding the site.

Paper Site 1 community center 35.71557363905014 139.8214207960175 11m

Site 2 Commercial Building 35.715312308352516 139.82249367962345 9m

Site 3 Site 1

Site 3 Workshop 35.71566946009122 139.8232306165503 10m

Site 2

1:10000

KyĹ?jima - Site Map - Site relationships 1:2500 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Sites for intervention

Commercial buildings

Community buildings

Workshops/Production buildings

Residential

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1:1500

Connections

Overlapping Threads

KyĹ?jima is Ersilia 1:2500 //////////////////////////////////////////////

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Community center

Workshops

Residential

Commercial

KyĹ?jima - Site Map - Site relationships 1:2500 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Sites for intervention

Commercial buildings

Community buildings

Workshops/Production buildings

Residential

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Site of intervention Commercial buildings Community buildings Workshops Residential

Site in KyĹ?jima

1:1500 - Threads of KyĹ?jima

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Paper Site 35.71557363905014 139.8214207960175 11m Adding one more node further away from existing network of gathering space. Combining social housing + community center.

Only 4 nodes of community gathering: social housing, town hall, community center.

Pre-existing residential buildings

Site - Connections to community centers [flipped]

1:1500

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Paper

Kyōjima

Wooden House Density of Tokyo Japanese Government 1997 0 N

Low density

10 KM High density High Priority

The neighborhood of Kyōjima is part of the old districts, with traditional wooden row houses - nagaya , with long wooden row houses called nagaya - 長屋 - that was a collective form of housing. The wooden construction tightly packed in this neighborhood made Kyōjima one of the most vulnerable communities when it come to fire prevention and urban evacuation in times of disaster. It is classified by the government of Tokyo as a high priority zone for land readjustment, yet past attempts at improving the security in Kyojima have taken the form of piecemeal approach due to resident's resistance against such legislations. The community of Kyōjima fears they will lose the sense of community should their district be modelled after much more commercial centers of tokyo like Shibuya. The building proposed not only models itself after the minka, and tries to reflect the tightly woven community of the neighborhood but it must also act as a device for incremental changes in bettering the evacuation process and fire prevetion.

Urban Scale Adventures - Land readjustment in Tokyo ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Grids as the rationalising tool is not appropriate for the Japanese urban context of small neighborhood, but will create the corporate order of Shibuya and take away the charm of the small village.

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A grid on KyĹ?jima as a tool for rationalising the urban plan?

Rigid grids will not work!

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Main alleyways

Neighborhood blocks

Current blocks

Incremental change will have to be made. Slowly, bit by bit but not without a larger goal in mind. It needs to start with every house with a large scale rational. The rational on the district scale intervention chosen here is urban evacuation and fire prevention.

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Locating high risk zones

Risk zones - high density

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Dividing up blocks and making new alleyways

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New blocks - divided

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Readjustment attempt in KyĹ?jima ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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A minka in Tokyo The image of the minka in Tokyo is one of contrast, it is the idyllic versus the nfernal urban chaos. However, the 21st century city of Tokyo has imposed many rules on the act of building and he building itself. These rules are a result of Japan during the modernization process post Kanto earthquake in 1923, during which the neighborhood of KyĹ?jima miraculously survived. Numerous constraints and large scale attempts have been made. Namely the poplicy of land readjustment, restrictions on height [for decent access to sunlight], on land coverage [to reduce spread of fires], on street access and street width [to facilitate rescue access and evacuation path]. Indeed, the city of Tokyot is shaped by numerous disaster prevention schemes, reaching for a utopia of safety by learning from the plethora of dystopian scenarios. And yet, the people of KyĹ?jima rebel against these constraints and legislations and revel in the close knit community they have formed. They turn out to be the most resilient community socially and yet the most vulnerable seismically. For the minka to exist in KyĹ?jima, it has to rely on the taunt strings of the community to take form. Meanwhile, it also has to squeeze and deform itself within these new constraints to build a resilient home worthy of the people it houses.

Constraints in Tokyo - Legislative threads ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Poetry

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Evacuation paths

Land readjustment strategies require new buildings to set back to make new roads to have a width of 4m.

Evacuation path

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Building Coverage - How much space does the building take up on the site? [Strategy against spreading fires] Building Coverage Ratio Allowance: 30 40 50 60

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New building footprint 492m2<50%

Floor Area Ratio: %of site area 100

150

200

300

400

500

Or calculated by the width ratio of the street. Because it is primarily residential. Street width ratio = 0.4 Floor Area Ratio: 0.4 x 6 = 240% Maximum Possible floor area 1105 x 240 = 2652 m2

s es

Paper KyĹ?jima Land Use: Mixed use 1968 Industrial land use current: mixed use current: Category II mid/high rise oriented residential zone. (FAR allowed to 1500 m2 for offices) Land readjustment strategies require new buildings to set back to make new roads to have a width of 4m.

5. m

Site area 1105m2 Original buildings

m 93

2.9

Constraints in Tokyo - Parameters of the design ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper Roof planes - Constraints as momement generator. Constraints as guiding rules. Since the roof is an important element making up most of the minka's weight, much attention was paid to how the roof can guide the design. However, in Tokyo, the idyllic image of a thatched roof is warped as it tries to sit within the constraints of Tokyo roof height laws.

The unconsolidated roof planes create cross-overs reminiscent of the visor GasshĹ?bari houses.

GasshĹ?bari roof with steep pitches and crossing planes

Conception in Tokyo - Damaging the ideal - the wounded image of the minka ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Roof planes input into Google Earth on site.

<<<<<<

The roof constraints of Tokyo create a pyramidal form that cuts into the space above the site. It carries the accidental recesses and peaks of the building around it. <<<<<< Consolidated roof limits

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Roof planes are extruded and the pitch is determined by the land use zone classification. Here is : category II residential zone >>> roof pitch is 1.5m rise per every 1m run.

Roof constraints

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Profile of road set back sround site determines the shape of the roof.

Perimeter

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Roof constraints

from

Site

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1:800

Still poetry Structural Hierarchy of the minka

05 mass

04 rigid frame

03 slipping plane

02 wobbling post

01 base isolation

The structure of the minka presents an ordered viewpoint, with wobbling columns at the base of the minka form a perfect grid that extends beyond the bounds of the roof limits in KyĹ?jima. To exist in Tokyo, the intact grid is then cut to comply with the constraints of the city. What remains are intact inner cells and damaged outer layers. The structure pushes against the limits of the city.

Conception in Tokyo - Damaging the structural grid ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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CHAOS O RM DA EG RED DA INTACT CHAOS U T O P I A DAMAGED INTACT P R O T O P I A UTOPIA D A M A G E D PROTOPIA UTOPIA

PROTOPIA

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The wobbling columns at the base of the minka form a perfect grid that extends beyond the bounds of the roof limits in KyĹ?jima. The intact grid is then cut to comply with the constraints of the city. What remains are intact cells and damaged outer layers.

UTOPIA AOS A CHP R O T O P I A DAMAGED ORDER U T O P I A INTACT

CHD AA OM SAGED

ORDER

ORI DN ET RACT CHAOS

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Damaged perimeter layers

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Intact columns

Conception - Damaged structure of lower minka ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper Inner parts of the grid remains intact and enclosed, these become the dwelling space.

Damaged spaces become external circulation spaces. This breaks up the roof, further damaging the image of the minka.

ci ty vis e in th

Initial attempts The damaged grid cells do not provide enclosures but create view outwards. The roof is located right on the edge where the constraints chip away at the grid, the mass of the building is therefore defined by an invisible force. The contemporary minka pushes against the limits of the city.

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dear friend,

HAVE FUN WITH THIS NEW MINKA

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hello my head is above the law!

Roof height constraint

After squeezing into the constraints, some corners have their roof cut by the constraints while their floor plate remain intact, allowing the users to peak outside of the planes and become partially outlaws.

Conception - Creating moments ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Laundry Narrow streets

close knit residential

>>>>>>

Dilapidated buildings

Drawings based on photograph of Kyōjima. Where the lower section of the alley way is cleared for passage but the upper parts are dense with laundry, hung paper, signs,...

<<<<<< Images

Kyōjima

showing

density >>>>>>

LIFT UP///////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP Kyōjima is heavy on top and light at the bottom

Gesture - Lift up. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Involuntary Association

house

very little in common

neighbours

one confidant

street

Work associate

district

Recognition

city

nationality

very many like minds

nodding acquaintance

Voluntary Association Diagram of Association for CIAM 10, from Uppercase 3 The building must allow access to the community on ground floor. Allow access through for evacuation as well as creating a space for children and elderly to gather and interact New building footprint 492m2<50%

LIFT UP///////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP//////LIFT UP The minka is heavy on top and light at the bottom

Conception - Creating connection for the city ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Schools

Cramming School

i Ĺ?j

e dg

Conception - Creating moments ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Atrium as gathering space for the residents as well as event space for surrounding community

mass using the structural logic of the minka roof

wobbling posts using the same notching system as the minka

The ground is lifted up to invite the community in and create access through the building and the neighborhood

Paper

Heavy

DWELL Upper floors - dense and heavy - encasing private living spaces

COMMUNE Ground floor light, alloow access into communal areas

Light

The gesture of lifting up is coordinated with the two other buildings in the programme - the workshop by Anna McEwan & the commercial buildings by Caitlin MacLeod. [See page 14 for siting]. This gesture aims to make the communal parts of the building transparent and inviting, it allows the community to flow through and into the lower grounds while reserving the braced, proctected and heavy spaces in the roof as dwelling spaces.

The Gesture - Lift up ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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CARP- development DRAGON - development

22 Paper

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Symmetry The symmetry of the building is a crucial part in its structural performance and shifting of weight during earthquakes. Symmetry allows for the even spread of load in the building, which ensures that the building and slide and recover, for it will not have a tendecy to lean and slide too much in one direction. Although the mass of the building mainly resides in the roof, the symmetry and the low eaves help center its center of gravity. The lesson taken from the minka is one about locating mass and the weight of living activities in the roof space in a way that allows for structural stability. In the project it will be manifested through the organisation of flats on the upper floors.

Above are principles from the minka that have posed challenges, have flagged structural issues and provided a strategy to design a contemporary hybrid building in Tokyo. The lessons and their application will be detailed in the following pages.

Sliding system

Roof as brace

The sliding beam system allows the building's mass to move with the earquakes. for it to fulfill its purpose it must span the building uninterrupted, uncompromised, so that the braced, rigid part of the building can dance along.

The roof is arguable the most important actor in the dance of the minka. Its weight, its symmetry and its rigidity help create a stable environment within the roofspace for living activities. On the rectangular face of the roof, diagonal elements are incorporated as rigidifying members.

The lesson taken here is how the large weight of the communal and private spaces can slide with the earthquakes. In the project it will be manifested through study of a woven beam system.

Structural lessons from the Minka /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Refer to group portfolio for more information on the minka.

The lesson extracted here is how the roof informs the structure and the design of the building. The project itself is being guided by the roof, it becomes the prime structural element of the building.

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Programme ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The idea of weaving resilience gave rise to the design a woven beam system. One that expresses the poetry of the community and structure coming together. The reference for this structural system is based on the chidori toy. It is the same elements with different notching patterns that, when put together, interlock. Thus, creating a woven wooden lattice.

The pattern of the woven beam system

Structural adventures - poetry and structure - the sliding beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

The first iteration of this woven beam system is them put to test on a grid form, replacing the sliding beam system of the minka. Since these elements are notched, they can slide freely. And since they are woven, they flatten the sliding system to just one layer.

Diagram of a Minka with a woven beam system

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Wedge

Japanese joint study: the tenon joint type is used to splice small elements together to create larger beams with greater spans. This joint is needed in the endeavor to build a large buildings out of small parts - allowing people to carry manageable parts into site for ease of construction, of handling, and also for the poetry of the gathering of people, of smaller parts forming a greater whole.

Joinery Study and Design- Tenon joint ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper Small Sections, small members, human scale! Small Sections, small members, human scale!

Element manageable by humans

Initial attempt

Resulting system

Structural adventures - breaking it down to human scale ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Primary

Secondary

Floor Joists

Sliding beams to columns to flooring junction system

Junction study ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Tertiary - Flooring support

Notched connection

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Resulting Grid Pattern ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Further Development on the woven beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Creating small interlocking parts. To further express the poetry of weaving, the beam system design is pushed to emulate the weaving pattern. However, the consideration of small, interlocking parts and its construction process must be taken into account

Small parts weaving together Iterations

Joint Notch

Selected

Further development - Iterations of the sliding system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper 1

Rotate 7 6

Lock in place

Rotate

Lock in place Weaving the beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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To be able to weave the beam system as a set of smaller modules, the iteration with the curved notch is selected to allow the users to slide and lock them together. The joint selected is still a tenon joint through it is no longer orthogonal splice joint.

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The beam system s prototyped and tested. All four iterations of the beam system were modeled and tested. Shown here is the chosen iteration which proved to be most functional.

Prototyping the beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Weaving the beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Woven system when suspended from one point - informed the inclusion of ushibari to help the beam system span the atrium ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The grid - base isolation, column space, veranda ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The first iteration raised the issue of the interupted beam system and shed light on the translation of the construction system of the minka into the new programme. The early iteration of the building did not respond much to site. This later prompted a closer look at the legal constraints of Tokyo which were explained previously and will be further detailed later on.

First Iteration - solving the compromised sliding system

Stairwells punching through layers of the perfect grid first attempt at bracing the building

First iteration - interrupted sliding system The perfect grid system of the minka ia firstly damaged by the stairwell - to resolve the problem, another sliding beam system is introduced at the bottom of the building. All of the buildings programmes rest on top of this uncompromised layer,essentially minimising the wobbling columns and relying on the lowest beam sytem to help the braced space above slide.

First iteration - interrupted sliding system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Adding a layer of sliding beam system below creates an uninterrupted coverage of sliding members, ensuring the building's freedom to da

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All living space now sit upon an uncompromised system.

The raising of the building creates spaces of rest and gathering around the building's perimeter veranda. Step stones are introduced separately at entrance points

Atrium

Uncompromised beam system level

The buiding is raised above the ground and the atrium sits on top of the beam system.this woven system is exposed visually by covering the atrium ground with polycarbonate. So the children can play on top of the dancing beam system.

Uncompromised system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper Roof planes are iregular and off-centered, the cut eats away more on one side than the other, creating an imbalance in the amount of intact spaces and damaged spaces. Since the intact spaces are dwelling spaces. This creates a mass distribution imbalance and therefore compromises the structural integrity of the structure. <<<<<< Roof plane moved down to show how it is off centered.

Remaining grid >>>>>> Damaged outer cell

Intact inner cells

One side is more vertical than the other,the building will tend to lean on to that side. <<<<<< Diagram of intact versus damaged spaces after the cut

The remaining grid is shifted onto one side, meaning the roof planes area will cover the more damaged side of the grid Difference in coverage of the grid surface due to the planes being irregular and off-centered >>>>>>

The weight off-set of the damaged minka is a challenge that must be overcome, through different strategies of locating living and deadload of the living spaces. As well as through strategies of bracing. In the process of designing, the movement of the building is assessed in Oasys as elements are added incrementally.

Irregular grid damage - damaged structural integrity ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Scale: 1:155.9 Isometric Scale: 1:190.9 Deformation magnification: 2.000 Shear Stress, Sy: 0.5000 kN/mm²/pic.cm 0.2000 kN/mm² 0.1500 kN/mm² 0.1000 kN/mm² 0.05000 kN/mm² 0.0 kN/mm² -0.05000 kN/mm² -0.1000 kN/mm² -0.1500 kN/mm² -0.2000 kN/mm² -0.2500 kN/mm² Case: A6 : Dynamic : Mode 3 Mode 3 Frequency: 3.097 Hz Period: 0.3229 s

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The deformed grid shifts the center of gravity on to one side, through Oasys analysis, this off-centered loaf distribution makes the building extremely vulnerable during shaking. However, during twisting movements, the weight of the intact side of the grid pushes down on the floors below and prevents it from rotating too much, while the lighter side twists more. In this respect, the weight functions the same weight as the eight of the Minka's roof. For more detailed analysis, refer to Oasys video.

Refer to video 1 - Deformed Grid //Oasys// cns PERDU //

Irregular grid damage - damaged structural integrity ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Scale: 1:155.9 Isometric Scale: 1:190.9 Deformation magnification: 2.000 Shear Stress, Sy: 0.5000 kN/mm²/pic.cm 0.4000 kN/mm² 0.3000 kN/mm² 0.2000 kN/mm² 0.1000 kN/mm² 0.0 kN/mm² -0.1000 kN/mm² -0.2000 kN/mm² -0.3000 kN/mm² Case: A4 : Dynamic : Mode 1 Mode 1 Frequency: 2.208 Hz Period: 0.4530 s

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Oasys analysis showing building leaning towards intact side

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Scale: 1:88.91 Deformation magnification: 1.250 Shear Stress, Sy: 0.5000 kN/mm²/pic.cm 0.2000 kN/mm² 0.1500 kN/mm² 0.1000 kN/mm² 0.05000 kN/mm² 0.0 kN/mm² -0.05000 kN/mm² -0.1000 kN/mm² -0.1500 kN/mm² -0.2000 kN/mm² -0.2500 kN/mm² Case: A6 : Dynamic : Mode 3 Mode 3 Frequency: 3.097 Hz Period: 0.3229 s

Oasys analysis showing shear stress in elements as it leans towards the intact side

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Paper Area of the woven beam system that is suspended

Woven beam system - ground + floor blockers (shown here)

Ushi bari

Atrium - has no foundation to support the net Ushi bari is needed to span this space

By creating a beam system of smaller parts, the members will have a tendency to bend like a net. In the study of the minka, the Ushi bari is used to help span a larger distance in large farmhouses. Its section is significantly greater and while most of the time it is one solid timber trunk. It can also be made of large planks put together , creating a large cross section. Using the same principle, the Ushi bari is incorporated here to help plan the beam system. while it is usually located at the ceiling level of the ground floor, here it is also used at the bottom to help span the uncompromised beam system.

Supporting the woven beam system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The circulation- structural purpose and development ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Circulation in the building takes place around the damaged layers of the grid. As one moves up diagonally through the building, they have moments of peaking through the roof planes. The circulation plays a crucial part in making the outlaw moments dynamic and integral to the use of space of the building.

Diagonal circulation (stairs) and horizontal circulation take place in the perimeter, the veranda space, with bracing joists between columns. This also happens to be the layer most exposed to damage in the building.

Circulation strategy ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

The circulation happens at the kinks and breaks in the roof, allowing users to be momentarily outlawed as they move through the building.>>>>

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Scale: 1:88.91 Deformation magnification: 1.250 Shear Stress, Sy: 0.5000 kN/mm²/pic.cm 0.4000 kN/mm² 0.3000 kN/mm² 0.2000 kN/mm² 0.1000 kN/mm² 0.0 kN/mm² -0.1000 kN/mm² -0.2000 kN/mm² -0.3000 kN/mm² Case: A4 : Dynamic : Mode 1 Mode 1 Frequency: 2.208 Hz Period: 0.4530 s

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Oasys analysis showing that stair structure also act as diagonal bracing element prevent the building from sqaying too much.

Refer to video 2 - Grid + Stairs //Oasys// cns PERDU //

Stairs - diagonal circulation - diagonal Bracing ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Scale: 1:155.9 Isometric Scale: 1:190.9 Deformation magnification: 2.000 Shear Stress, Sy: 0.5000 kN/mm²/pic.cm 0.3000 kN/mm² 0.2000 kN/mm² 0.1000 kN/mm² 0.0 kN/mm² -0.1000 kN/mm² -0.2000 kN/mm² -0.3000 kN/mm² Case: A10 : Dynamic : Mode 7 Mode 7 Frequency: 6.172 Hz Period: 0.1620 s

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The GasshĹ? and the roof plane ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Axial

strain

- The Gassho transferring force down to the grid system

Oasys testing with roof brace ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The higher tips of the roof and its eaves sway too much during an earthquake, they need to be tailored to the building's dance. The higher parts of the roof system could be braced by adding Gassho connecting to the core.

Refer to video 3 - Grid + Stairs + Gassho //Oasys// cns PERDU //

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How Gasshō attaches to eaves beam on ground floor Paper The attachment system for the Gasshō is similar to the attachment between Gasshō in the minka. Through a series of notching made tailored to the roof planes of the site. Since the ground floor remains nearly unaffected by the roof planes, the notching is at a consistent height and angle.

How the Gasshō attaches to the grid 1:50 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Notched with columns

Notched with beam system

Gasshō consisting of smaller sections

Small member with notch connecting to column system

Small member with notch connecting to beam system

In order to reinforce the buildability of the project, the Gasshō itself is also made of the same small elements as the woven beam system. These same elements are notched so they could attach to the grid and form the roof planes. After notching, the Gasshō is then tightened with linen square latchings.

How GasshĹ? attaches to grid on the outside Paper - where the GasshĹ? form the roof plane on the facade The same notching system is used here to attach the broken roof on the exterior. Since the regulations is based on the surrounding buildings, and these are irregular, the notching on the exterior facade are not as standardisedas in the lower floors but the angle of the notching will change as the regulations bends and turns

How the GasshĹ? attaches to the grid 1:50 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Attachmen to column above

GasshĹ? - small members forming continous bracing

Attachment to beam system

Attachment to column below

Internal Gasshō Paper The roof planes needed to be attached to the core since they ose important risk and exert too much stress on the remaining structure during earthquakes. To do so, a set of Gasshō lining the core is developed. The attachment system works the same as the Gasshō on the lower floors, and the connection to the beam and columns are regular. However, since they also attach to the facade Gasshō, they have irregular notching angle at the top.

How the Gasshō attaches to the grid 1:25 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Paper Inner Gasshō attaching to grid system

Cross Section 1:50

Inner Gasshō attaching to outer Gasshō

Detail 1 1:50 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Gassho to gassho

Gassho

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Roof diagonal brace - translating the Kohagai and the Ohagai ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Beam displacement - with the translate Koha/Oha-gai incorporated into the roof structure. The eaves of the building sway less, except at the very tip furthest away from the grid. The majority of the roof remains in place.

Oasys testing with roof brace ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Axial Strain - Much of the strain is put on the grid system below, where the stairs function full time as bracing. To help the grid support this kind of force due to the building's dance, Another bracing system should be put in place.

Refer to video 4 - Grid + Stairs + Gassho + Brace //Oasys// cns PERDU //

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Axial

strain

- Mode 4: Putting a lot of forceon the stairs system at the grid part

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1st iteration

GasshĹ? - Oha/Kohagai - grid and the pattern of structure ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Roof structure as brace ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Inner Diagonals ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

<<< Shinto shrine with woven hay hanging from beam

The initial attempt at correcting the offset of structure is to hang large amounts of woven thatch over the atrium. The diagonals over the atrium span different floors and puncture into living spaces. They act as a tying element reinforcing the center of the building whuke also becoming a means for orientation. The hanging hay was later on discarded since the diagonals are enough as a tying element, transfering movement from the intact side to the more damaged parts of the grid.

Joining the beam system

Diagonals - a strategy to recenter weight distribution? ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Tests - Illustration showing living space, communal and the hanging hay Programme Distribution - Section during developmentin progress ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Refer to video 5 - Grid + Stairs + Gassho + Brace + Diagonal //Oasys// cns PERDU //

USB

Paper

Oasys test - showing stress on elements. Out of the four that were tested, the north eastern diagonal is the one experiencing the most stress and therefore its section is increased to help strengthen it.

<<<<<< Diagonal shown in plan - increased section of the northeaster diagonal. The southwester diagonal does not work at all and is discarded Diagonal section agonal

Tailoring the section of diagonals ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

- the normal versus the increased di-

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Notching joint

Square tied

How small diagonals attach to the grid 1:100 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Slotting joint

Square tied

Large diagonals - connection to grid - 1:100 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

First attempt

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Thinking through the thatch The thatch in the Minka provides a large mass pushing down on the building, forcing the roof to stay and slide atop the beam system. To make this building function with the same principle, the roof itself must be heavy. Studies on traditional techniques shows that roof thatching is a large event, where small humans gather with oversized mundane tools (like a gigantic needle to tie thatch together) where the roof is momentarily populated with the entire village, or neighborhood in the context of Tokyo.

Initial iteration. Drawing showing weaving the thatch through the gasshĹ? >>>>>>

Traditional technique working with thatch

Oversized tools or just tiny humans doing great big things?

Trimming the roof

First iteration - interrupted sliding system ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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The intricate legislative constraints of Kyojima created exposed cells where the grid is too damaged to be covered by the gasshō; and while it creates moments of pause and disruption along the circulation path; it also makes the inner space much more vulnerable to the elements. a The current approach to the design has been concerned with fire and earthquake, but damaged roof creates concerns of enclosure and water tightness.

Oasys testing with the gasshō and diagonal bracing shows the vulnerable patterns on the roof. Where the gasshō spans great lengths, the roof gets weaker. The weak zones determin the broken pattern of the roof.

The broken roof and the need for whisking water away means that there needs to be a principle for channeling water away from the grid. The need to allow visual continuity while protecting the grid means a layering of two different materials - polycarbonate and thatch. The roof mass then consists of two layers, a thin polycarbonate and a thicker, denser, thatched layer.

Watershedding the roof - breaking the roof ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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SNAKE - refining the design

3 Paper

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Key: Place Brace/notch Tighten

Construction process ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

01 Base Isolation

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Too small, no need for bracing 02 small columns

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03 Lower Ushibari

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04 Uncompromised beam system

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05 Completed uncompromised beam system

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06 Communal floor columns and veranda brace

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07 Completed and tightening of ground floor columna and veranda

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08 Fitting Polycarbonate sheeting on ground floor

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09 Fitting Ushibari above ground

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10 Notching and tightening Ushibari

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11 Fittin floor joists

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12 Fitting flooring for ground floor

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11 Fitting stair structure

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14 Second layer of woven beam system

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15 1st floor - [including flooring, stairs, veranda columns floor joists]

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16 2nd floor

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Due to the junction difference - Small diagonals can be notched after the floors are built, by just notching into prepared columns . However, the large diagonal beam must be fitted as the floor is built since it is slotting joint instead of a notched one.

17 Fitting Diagonals

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The beams of the sliding system and the columns are pre-cut in order to comply withthe roof constraints. They are also prenotched for the next step in fitting the roof

18 3rd floor

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19 Top floor

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20 Fitting the GasshĹ? and Ohagai and Kohagai in process

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21 The GasshĹ? and Kohagai and Ohagai in place

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Tightening

- through tying

22 Fitting the Yanaka

[ Purlins]

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23 Kudari [Rafters]

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24 Fitting Polycarbonate roofing

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25 Thatching - in progress

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26 Complete!

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DANCE! Shear diagram of building's movement ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Shivering - Building's entrance & exposed circulation under the eaves ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Roof detailing ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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1:200 Roof Corner Detail - Water strategy - Moments ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Section - living space ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Atrium

View point outlaw spaces garden

Roof space

View point outlaw spaces

Circulation

Single

Family

Living space

Elderly

Communal Hall

Tea Communal area

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1:150 Cross Section ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Plans - ground floor 1:200 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1st floor plan 1:200 〓网易〓 NetEase 园林景观在线 www.cylzx.com 中国园林专业人士的网络交流平台编辑部：ivpinfo@service.netease.com 市场部：ivpmarket@service.netease.com 技术部：ivptech@service.netease.com

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3rd floor plan 1:200 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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top floor plan 1:200 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Exploded Axonometric ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Exposed stairs ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Section of roof cladding with surrounding roof coverage ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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