Advanced Architectural Environmental Analysis Report

BY JACOB ROBERTS

Gypsum

PART 1 - THERMAL ANALYSIS

Glazing (Inner Plane 6mm)

Cavity (Air Gap 12mm) Reduces Conductivity

Glazing (Outer Plane 6mm)

TYVEK Waterproof Membrane

Bitumen Roofing Felt 6000mm x 700mm

Xtratherm - PIR

Insulation Board 50mm

Alluminium Interlocking Rainscreen Cladding

Internal gains for the meeting space are calculated to accomodate up to 10 people at onces, the building material aims to conserve internal energy gains however, more activity and internal gain may assist energy performance of the building (Motuzienė, 2017).

Graph does not reach CIBSE Reccomended Temperature Requirements, Possible active systems may be needed to be utilised in order to push building temperatures higher for indoor thermal comfort.

Maximum Operative Temperature at 10°C on 2nd January. The building envelope is not adapting to the climate therfore, solar gain is restricted and thermal properties of materiality is not being used to its full potential during the cooler period of the year (Designing Buildings, 2022).

South Facing large span openings for maximum Solar exposure to floor surface and utilisation of Thermal Mass. Potential cause of overheating during summer (Designing Buildings, 2022).

Maximum Dry-Bulb Temperature 12°C on 26th January. Passive heating will need to be maximised to its full potential, utilising solar gain and window placement for sun orientation.

7°C Average Operative Temperature - too low to comply with thermal comfort (CIBSE, 2005).

Summer Solstice

Large North Openings help to cool the building down through ventilation flow, however prevents energy conervation during Winter.

January recorded graph does not reach the reccomended CIBSE Guide A Reccomendations for indoor reccomended Thermal Comfort (Fig.X) (CIBSE, 2012).

Highest recorded Operative Temperature is 17°C on 02nd January. Required Indoor Thermal Comfort is not achieved and will require a strategy of Active systems powered by Naturally Sourced Energy.

Glazing (Outer Glass Plane 10mm)

Cavity (Kyrpton)

Glazing (Inner Glass Plane 6mm)

Cavity (Kyrpton)

Glazing (Outer Glass Plane 10mm)

Winter Solstice

Reinforced Concrete Roof Structure

Vapour Control Layer

PIR 50mm Insulation

TYVEK Waterproof Membrane

Bitumen Roofing Felt

Minimum Operative Temperature at 3.5°C on the 8th January. Building Performance does not comply with CIBSE Guide A Substantually (CIBSE, 2005).

Minimum Dry-Bulb Temperature is as low as -5°C. Building will require substantual natural heating and Thermal Properties to maintain comfort for users.

Reinforment Sleet Bars for Structural Concrete Proeprties

Bracket System with thermal break (RHEINZINK, 2012).

Rainscreen Zinc Cladding.

Maximum Dry-Bulb temperature reaches 28°C on the 15th July. Cooling required to keep the building comfortable.

Maximum Operative Temperature Complies with CIBSE reccomendations at 23.5°C on 15th July (CIBSE, 2005)

Average Operative Temperature

Lowest Operative Temperature at 17.5°C on 01st July, Improvement needed to comply with CIBSE, Passive Strategies will be able to push temperatures up from 9.5°C - 12°C to reccomended temperatures of 23°C25°C to comly with (Fig. X).

Lowest Dry-Bulb Temperatureat 9.5°C on 8th July, requireing maximum solar gain to allow the building to capure passive heating from the sun.

50mm PIR HF-B5 Insulation

Reinforment Sleet Bars for Structural Concrete Proeprties

Rainscreen Zinc Cladding.

Window Head Drip Strip for water prevention

20mm PIR Insulation

Thermal Break

Glazing System Frame HF-310 Frame 0.5 W/m2K) (Internorm, 2019)

Double Glazing Unit

- Outer Pane

- Air Cavity

- Inner Pane

Reccomended CIBSE Indoor comfort complies with the buildings indoor temperature for Conference / Board Rooms of between 23°C25°C (CIBSE, 2012).

Lowest Operative Temperature in the buidling is at 12°C. Slight use in acvtive systems will need to be utilised in order to achieve CIBSE Standard, passive energy will need to be utilised for solar gain potention such as Solar Cells and Wind power in order to provide enrgy for active systems to heat the spaces to reach thermal Comfort in the Winter (Designing Builidng, 2022)

Dry-Bulb Temperature highs of 12°C on 26th January. Building Performance meets outdoor temperature at this date.

Active systems will need to push indoor themperature up to reach indoor thermal comfort.

Minimum Dry-Bulb temperature of -5°C on the 5th January.

Building Performance maintains 15°C therfore slight active strategy will be required to achieve Building comfort of CIBSE reccomendations of 22°C 23°C.

Highest Outdoor Dry-Bulb Temperatures reach 26°C on 15th July. slight overheating of 25.5°Coccurs here, will need minimal assistance from any active systems to comply with CIBSE Standards (CIBSE, 2012).

North Facing Windows restricted to smaller widths and height to minimise heat loss during the Winter and control indoor temperature for thermal comfort.

Multiple smaller span openings towards the South to minimise head gain during the summer and heat loss during the Winter.

Lowest Indoor Temperature reaches 22.5°C on 1st July.

active systems will not be needed as cooling in the summer is needed in order to prevent overheating to the space.

Lowest Dry-Bulb Temperatures reaching 9.5°C on the 8th July however, building comfort maintains a balance of 24°C utilising passive strategies.

Maximum Indoor Temperature with Highs of 26°C on the 30th July Minimun need for active systems as open windows can minimise this number.

Average Temperature ranging at 25°C withing acceptable CIBSE reccomendations (CIBSE, 2012).

Reinforced Concrete (300mm) Insulated PlasterBoard - 12.5mm Imnsulation - 5mm Plaster Reinforced Concrete (200mm) PIR Insulation HFB5 (200mm) Zince Cladding (RHEINZINK, 2012) PIR Insulation HF - B5 (200mm) PEAT Soil 100mm Water Filter Layer Gravel Edge for Water Drainage VCL Layer Air Gap (20mm 12mm Thermal Break Bracket Zince Cladding (RHEINZINK, 2012) Drip Strip over Window Head Reinforced Concrete (300mm) 12mm Thermal Break HF310 Aluminium Window Frame (Internorm, 2017). Triple Glazing With Krypton Gass Infil. Aluminium Sheeting for Shiplap attachment VCL Layer Figure 1: CIBSE Guide A Table Figure 2: Double Glazing Unit Diagram Figure 3: Existing Roof Build Up Table Figure 4: TYVEK Waterproof Membrane Figure 5: Bitumen Felt Figure 6: Insulation Board Figure 7: Alluminium Rainscreen Cladding Figure 8: Existing Glazing Table Figure 9: Existing Wall Build Up Figure 10: Existing Internal Gains Figure 11: Exisitng Massing South Facade Figure 12: Existing Mass North Facade Figure 13: Existing Board Room in Section Figure 14: Operative Temperature and Dry Bulb Graph January Figure 15: Operative Temperature and Dry Bulb Graph July Figure 16: Existng Wall Roof Detail 1:5 Figure 17: Existing Wall Window Detail 1:5 Figure 18: Improved Roof Build Up Table Figure 19: Improved Wall Build Up Table Figure 20: Improved Internal Gains Table Figure 21: Insulated PlasterBoard Figure 22: Waterproof Membrane Layer Figure 23: PEAT Soil Green Roof Build Up Figure 24: 200mm PIR Insulation Figure 25: Calcium Silicate Board Figure 26: Titanium Zinc Cladding Figure 27: Improved Glazing Build Up Table Figure 28: HF 310 Window Frame and Glazing Figure 29: Improved Massing North Facade Figure 30: Improved Massing South Facade Figure 31: Improved Massing South-East Figure 32: Improved Call Out Build up Detail (Wall Roof) 1:5 Figure 33: Improved Call Out Build up Detail (Wall Window) 1:5 Figure 34: Improved Dry Bulb Temperature and Operative TemperatureJanuary Figure 35: Improved Dry Bulb Temperature and Operative Temperature July

AIR VENTILATION EFFECTIVNESS

Chosen Space: Conference / Board Room / Education Space

The space is for education and conference purposes therefore, will require a control of light, and thermal properties within the space in order to maintain a comfortable level within the room by utilising passive strategies.

The exisiting building form utilises cross-ventilation throughout the building, however, with the opeingings of the space not being controlled as well as the space having a large volume, cross ventilating the space is found difficult.

The form of the buildign is also not being fully utilised to its maximum potential as stagnant air is gathering towards the top of the space due to buoyency driven hot air rising and not having openings that allow the air to dispurse and create a continuation of air flow enhanced by stack ventialtion. Controlled opeings such as skylights or clerestory’s can help enhance the stack ventialtion potential inside the space.

Thermal Properties: The Wall and floor material build up uses concrete finish on the interieor in order to utilising thermal mass in the space, naturally using this strategy will assist in storing heat passivly during warmer periods and releasing heat during cooler periods. The dense quality of the finish conrete will store heat during the winter and slowly relese it when temperatures drop ensuring less need for active system using to heat a space (Simone, 2017).

Whereas, during the summer, radient temperature is absorbed lowing room temperature ensuring no need for additional cooling from active systems.

The WindRose shows that on the 20th July Predominant wind approach comes from the SouthWest reaching Velocity of up to 12 - 15 m/s at 1200 Hrs (Fig.X).

Comparing the results of the average velocity recorded in the occupied space to the CBE Thermal Comfort tool for a Conference / Board Room. Results show that thermal comfort with the velocity of the selected space do not comly with the CBE tool and that indoor themperatures are higher than expected.

The results are slightly hgher than the reccomended temperature required and therfore minimal active systems will need to be utilised via natrually sources energy such as solar gain.

Slight ammendments will need to be altered such as building orientation, window oeping side and window placement accross the building.

Stale / Stagnant Air in the Centre of the space at a low velocity of 0.08m/s0.16 m/s. Stagnant air measurig at a low velocity can cause slgith discomfort according to ‘Table 10.8 - Air Velocities and Thermal Comfort’ (Wiley, 2015) in the space as wel as damp when exposed to moisture and overheating from internal gains such as people.

South Facing WIndows recieve the most velocity in the room by achieveing a substantual 0.82m/s - 0.9m/s input from wind approach from the ‘South-West’ (Reffer to FIG. X).

Noticable and acceptable wind speed is achieved (Wiley, 2015).

However slows down very quickly due to the empty large space which does not assist the cross ventilation in the room.

Stagnant Air with a Velocity Between 0.0 m/s - 0.08 m/s shows no air flow is present inbetween windows. Winder openings will be needed to improve the cross ventilation without ustilising active ssystems.

Wind Output toward the North Facing Windows. Minimal Cross Veltilation is achieved reaching 0.65m/s Velocity however only at the window openings and not the more occupied spaces of the centre of the room.

Hot Air escape for ventialtion flow but slight restriction to the movment of air flow.

Sligh wind approach comes in from the South with minimal Velocity of 3 - 6 m/s. This is not enough to allow significantly impacting cross or stack ventilation throughout the space.

80% Opening alllows significant air flow however han cause high temperature drops during cooler climates.

Air Movement is Direct towards the openings and reaching wind speeds of up to 9 m/s - 12 m/s on 20th July at 1200Hrs. The direct wind speed will allow fresh air to enter the building and flow to assit buoyency driven stck ventilation and cross ventilation for continuous air flow and the renew of freh air.

Building Rotation: As an amendment the building is rotated towards the South-West in order to capture as much wind exposure as possible towards the South-West Facing Facade openings.

This Maximised the potential of Air Movement to enhance Cross-Ventilation.

The comparing of the reults of IESVE simulations of the Wind Velocity in the building to the CBE Thermal Comfort tool shows that the adaptations to the design comply with the CBE Thermal Tool and ASHRAE Standards 55-2020. The results are centralised within the comfort zone at a comfortable Operative Temperature of 25°C which complies with the CIBSE Guide A Reccomendations (CIBSE, 2012).

The ammendments of rotating the buildings and openings towards the wind direction as well as the change to the openings itself and clerestorey give sufficent stack and Cross-Ventilation, while achieving comfortable indoor temperatures.

Cool Air Intake not as effective with Left Side-Hung Windows as air flow is movement restricted.

WIndow Openings all achieve a velocity of 0.65m/s on the South Facade. Openings could be made bigger in order to allow more ventilation to flow through the space easier and more effectivly.

Indoor temperatures escape through the North of the building causing temperature to drop at a significant rate.

Air flow increases buoyency driven hot air to exhaust out of the higher clerestory opening - Strong connection from the ventilation input up towards the clerestorey window for hot air dispurse at a velocity of 0.66 m/s above the below occupied spaces

Opeining in the roof facing North-East enhances stagnant air to heat up and drive out the roof of the building to disperse at a velocity of 0.6 m/s allowing fresh air flow continuously.

Stale air at a velocity of 0.16 m/s rises towards the top corner of the room however, will not effect the comfort of the space as this area of the room will not be occupied.

Buoyency driven ventilation at a velocity of 0.66 m/s following the ceiling line.

Exhaused air at a velocity of 0.82 m/s - Higher wind velocity above occupied spaces allows the utilisation of stck ventilation.

Window openings velocity of 0.9m/s can drop temperatures in the room and case the thermal comfort inside the room to become uncomfortable.

Y-Axis has a consistancy of 0.16m/s Velocity inside the space casing stagnant air that is slightly uncofortable. Active systems may need to be utilised to achieve indoor comfort when the space is in use.

Uncontrolled Openings allows the air speed to come it at a fast velocity of 0.9m/s. Window Occupied seating may expereicne uncomfort from draft into a wide space of stagnant air

Buoyency Driven hot air becomes stagnant at the top of the space. Moisture caused damp can build up in the space and may require additional openings for upper wind flow to be enhanced maximising passive system potential.

Wind velocity ranging from 1.15 m/s 1.64 m/s enerting the building, can be controlled by the opening of the window.

Cross ventilation accross the main occupied spaces with a wind velocity of 0.49 m/sa noticable but comfortable wind speed according to ‘Table 10.8 - Air Velocities and Thermal Comfort (Wiley, 2015).

Ventilation Intake from direct wind apporach on the 20th July at a velocity up to 1.64 m/s.

This is high but wind speed slows drastically into the more occupied areas of the space.

Cross ventilation Exhausts from the North-East out the opening at a velocity of 0.66 m/s.

Ventilation input from the South-West Facade is at 1.15 m/s. Top hung Windows allow fresh air to access the space easier at a more stable rate. Velocity in the occupied spaces reaches 0.4 m/s - 0.49 m/s - maintaining comfort able wind speeds throughout the space.

Ventilation exhausts at a rate on up to 0.82 m/s towards the North-East which could still offer uncomfortability in the space as the meeting / board room is not a highactivity area (Wiley, 2015).

Air Movement pushed up at a velocity of 0.98 m/s towards the sky light to exhaust the ventilation driven by the narrow for of the space towards the roof.

Sky light in the roof exhausting the hot air inside the room at a velocity up to 1.31 m/s to keep a consistant flow of ventilation in the building.

Stale air exhausts out the North-East Facade through cross-Ventilation strategies

Stagnant Air accross the Z-Axis plane of the Building space causes discomfort within the room in the predominant occupied spaces

Both X and Y axis in the central occupied space of the room cause discomfort with a velocity reading of 0.16 m/s.

Internally heated air has nowhere to dispurse or move due to the nature of the hot air rising to the top of the space and window opennigs are not controlled to enhance wind movement.

Consistant rate of Noticable and comfortable wind speeds around the centralised occupied space alomg the Y-Axis of the room, providing a comfortable and succesful ventilation strategy to the room.

South West Facade incorporates 3 seperated windows that enhance ventilation input into the space all utilising Top Hung Windows for sufficent air flow entrance at a velocity of up to 1.64 m/s.

Noticable and comfortable air of a velocity of 0.4 m/s in accordance with ‘Table 10.8 - Air Velocities and Thermal Comfort’ along both X and Y Axis in the occupied areas.

North Facing Skylight Incorporated with long South and North Facing Facade openings to incorporate maximum air flow ammendments.

Intense Solar Glare from the North Window, No solar strategy provided causes unwanted Solar gain to enter the space and apply inconvenient glar making the space uncomfortable in relation to CIBSE Guide A reccomendations (CIBSE, 2012).

Solar strategy to the window would reduce intense LUX levels entering the space at a high LUX ranging from 900 LUX 950 LUX.

278 LUX on the work plane nearest the corner of the room, does not comply with the CIBSE standards and therefore requires ammendments using passive strategies.

Unwanted glare in from of the space causes a uncomfortable level of lux on the work plane.

Minimal level of natural lighting in the psace reaching 90 LUX on the work plane at 700mm. This is too low to comply with CIBSE (Fig. X)and therefore needs ammendments to the space by utilising passive stategys such as larger openings to the space.

Lux Levels reach up to 1564 in the room at the maximum. very uncomfortable levels in accordance with CIBSE Guide A (CIBSE, 2012) reccomendations, requires a solar shading strategy to the window to reduce unwanted solare gain.

Slight discrepency of glare at 750 LUX - 850 LUX. Glare is not ovewhelming to the space. With the window Light Transmission being lowered the glare has drasticall reduced with a decrese of 900 LUX and making the overall space more visually comfortable and allowing light to enter into the deeper plan of the room.

High LUX level at the North of the building due to outside glare and upward facing windows, Transmission is reduced lowering the Glare from 1564 LUX to 701 LUX.

Low level discrepency at a low LUX level of 99 LUX on the work surface which will require active strategy my maximising the potential of solar gain possibly utilising solar cells, the LUX level is not drastic however requires some adjustment to the ammended design.

Sufficent Lux in the occupied space of the centre of the room at a strong LUX level of 404 LUX - Sitting comfortbly in the CIBSE Table (Fig.X).

Good LUX Level of 350 LUX - 450 LUX on the work surface and desks creating a comfortable LUX Level for the users inside the space utilising passive strategies for restricting unwanted solar gain into the space.

High scale comfort levels reach around 350 LUX to 450 LUX throyugh the main occupied spaces in the middle of the room and central work planes causing comfortable levels but reaching the higher margins. Could possibly lead to uncomfortable levels of glare if exposed to a large amound of solar gain.

High comfort levels of LUX on the Workplane of 401 LUX, comfortable space in the corners of the room however possibly change in sun angle can cause more exposure to the space making it uncomfortable for future occupants utilising the space.

Low Levels of LUX ranging between 150 LUX - 250 LUX. In accordance to CIBSE the lux levels are too dark for a board room and making uncomfortable spaces in the room. Passive strategy will need to be incorporated to ammend the low light levels in order to avoid the use of Active systems and artificial lighting in the space.

South Facing windows decline slightly therfore providing sufficent cover from excessive solar gain from the sun.

Very high LUX levels at the North East opening at 1311 LUX causing high levels of uncomfort in the occupied spaces of the board room. The Board Room will be utilised by groups of people possibly using computers and therfore cause high levels of glare and uncomfort during the period of occupnacy.

341 LUX on the central work planes in the board room which is sufficent LUX for the designated space of the board room.

482 LUX in the main occupied psace towards the South - West of the room due to the slanted wall causing a passive strategy of solar protection.

Excessive solar gain with a high concentration of sunlight ranging from 950 LUX and above entering the space causing high levels of glare.

Slight glare at the South of the room at 650 LUX, Does not comply with the CIBSE Guide A reccomendations however the discrepency is not over concerning and allows light to reach deeper into the plan.

LUX Levels cause slight discrepency on one of the work surface at 150 LUX slight use of active systems however, passive systems are still acceptable as there is minimal impact to overall work plane of the room.

Comfortable LUX Levels in the central occupied space ranging between 350 LUX - 500 LUX which complies with the reccomended CIBSE Guide A (CIBSE, 2015).

No Additional or excess solar gain enters the main occupied spaces.

Higher LUX level at the South reaching up to 752 LUX which is not overpoweing to the room however, the high glare allows the deep plan to gain light into the centralised occupied space of the room.

The intensity of the LUX is over the reccomended CIBSE Guide and coused slight glare on the nearby work surfaces howver only by an about of 12 LUX, allowing slight use of acvtive systems.

High Lux of 708 LUX diffused by the maximisation of deep plan both vertically and horizontally when solar gain entrers from the sky light. Light helps utilise the potential for the stack ventilaiton as entering air is heated by the solar gains and drive the hot air to disperse from the sky light. The highe intensity is diffused by the time it reaches the occupied space.

Sufficent LUX as the solar gain is dispersed as it reaches the occupied spaces on the wall due to the limited reflectance on the material on matt concrete.

LUX at a sufficent 466 LUX on the working table at a plane of 700mm800mm above finish floor level.

Adequate LUX levels of around 450 LUX sits comfortably in the CIBSE reccomendations on the work plane providing comfort for the indoor user of the space.

Lower LUX towards the top of the room which is balanced out by the sky light. Not an occupied area therfore will not impact the visual comfort of the internal space and not cause heat from unwanted solar gain.

LUX at 582 - Over the reccomended (CIBSE Guide A, 2012). however, not too drastic. The reccomended LUX is between 300 LUX - 500 LUXhowever eliminating the dark zones by allowing light to enter the spaces that are not predominatly occupied for the majority of the rooms usage.

Glare from the North Side of entering the space but not causing a lotnof visual uncomfort in the space as seen from the perspective of the room, the impact is minimal throughout the space.

Work surfaces result in good sufficent LUX on the work plane of 700mm LUX complying strong ly with the CIBSE Guide Regulations maintaining a LUX of 350 LUX to 450 LUX.

PART 4 - 1:20 ENVIRONMENTAL CROSS- SECTION (EXHIBITION)

Thermal Break - Cladding Connection

To maintain a U-Value below 0.14 W/m²K a thermal break is needed to stop condensation build up and a thermal bridge between the outside and inside of the building.

Solar Cells placed

Recessed into the roof form in order to not disturb the overal conceptof the building. making them unseable when looking at the building from a far.

Generate electiricity utilising passive solar gain from the sun orientated to the sun angle maximising its solar gain potential.

Active Underfloor Heating Strategy with Building Management Systems

Individual Rooms thermostates that constantly measure temperature and apply this to the the building management systems that adjust temperatures of underfloor heating throughout the space.

Cool air is pushed through spaces that are overheating

Warm air pushed through pipes entering spaces that feel uncomfortable due to not reaching optimum temperatures in the slected spaces.

Acoustic buffer Panels.

Exhibition Space is very open plan in order to achieve a good strategy of stack ventilation. Therefore, soft Panels that absorb the sound vibrations helps to reduce noise pollution inside the space as well as coming from outside.

Thermal Break and Cladding Bracket Detail

Rubber insulation placed around the end of the bracket where the connection between concrete structure and Bracket meet.

Insualtion is then wrapped around the brackets in order for them to extrude from the insualtion and hold the cladding in palce (Thermal Bridging Soluations, n,d)

WINTER SUN SUMMERSUN SUMMERSUN

Active System: LED Lighting

Powered by solar cells on the room and window facades. LED Lighting controlled by Building Energy Management systems that turn on when the occupied space is in use and dim when the space becomes unocupied such as during night time hour when the buidling is closed LED Lighting is automaticall switched off utilising EMS Systems.

Cross-Laminated Timber

CLT is a highly used and recyced carbon free way of manufacturinmg bespoke and InSitu structures of architecture. Trees are deemed as a renewable resource storing carbon throughout its lifetime; including while it is being used for structural purposes in our architecture.

It is easily recycled and can be easily maintains, its end of life expiray is long however, widly recycled and can be burned utilising a clean energy system (Clean Tech Group, 2018)

Transparent Solar Panel Windows

Solar gain capture and storage incorporated into the windows of the East, South and West Facades allow maximum potential for solar gain and passive strategy of utilising an powering active systems. Converting Solar energy using solar Cells (Van Den Bosch, 2019)

Passive Stack Ventilation Strategy

The form of the buiding enables buoyency driven stack ventilation to ride towards the top of the spaces through the open plan floor. As the pressure towards the higher floors increases air heats up and eventually is driven out the roof lights and clerestorey at the top of the building through the exhibitions spaces to keep a good flow of air through the building.

HF - 310 Window Frame 1200mm x 3000mm

HF 310 Window frame achieves a strong comfortable U-Value of 0.5 W/m²K. Meeting the reccomendations for passive house standards of 0.8 W/m²K with the frame size being a large surface are the window prevents a thermal bridge and maintains indoor thermal comfort (Burrell, 2014).

KS 430 Interorm Thermal Door

U-Value u[p to 0.64 W/m²K

Door size 2200mm x 2000mm Thermal Infil within the frame prevents a thermal bridge into the interior space (INTERNORM, 2017).

Figure 92: Ground Floor Plan

Figure 93: First Floor Plan

Figure 94: Second Floor Plan

Figure 95: North Elevation

Figure 96: East Elevatio

Figure 97: South Elevatio

Figure 98: West Elevatio

Seclected Space for Simulation

Figure 99: 3D Sun Path and Site Strategy (Preliminary)

Figure 100: 1:500 Roof Plan

Figure 101: 3D Conceptual Image of Building Form

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Burrell, Elrond (2014) Passivhaus; Comfort, Comfort, Comfort, Energy Efficiency, Resonics, Retrieved From: https://resonics.co.uk/acoustic-ceiling-panels-baffles/

 Clean Tech Group (2018) Are We Overdue a Building Construction Revolution? Advanced Materials, Retrieved From: https://www.cleantech.com/are-we-overdue-a-building-construction-revolution/

 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London (2015) Environmental Design – CIBSE Guide A, CIBSE Publications, Retrieved From; https://www.cibse.org/knowledgeresearch/knowledge-portal/guide-a-environmental-design-2015

 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London (2012) Environmental Design – CIBSE Guide A, CIBSE Publications, Retrieved From; https://www.cibse.org/knowledgeresearch/knowledge-portal/guide-a-environmental-design-2015

 Designing Building (2022) Solar Gain in buildings, Retrieved From, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ wiki/Solar_gain_in_buildings

 Internorm (2017) HF 310 TIMBER/ALUMINIUM WINDOW, Retrieved From; http://ewcl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/UK-en_Internorm_Datasheet_HF310_st2017.pdf

 Internorm (2020) HF 310 TIMBER/ALUMINIUM WINDOS AND DOORS, Retrieved From; http://ewcl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/UK-en_Internorm_Datasheet_HF310_st2017.pdf

 Lechner, Andrasik, Wiley. J (2015) Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Strategies Towards Net Zero Architecture, (5. ED) ISBN: 978-1-119-58574-9

 Motuzien, Violeta (2017) Impact of Internal Heat Gains on Building’s Energy Performance, Environmental Engineering, Research Gate, DOI:10.3846/enviro.2017.265, Retrieved From: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320052233_Impact_of_Internal_Heat_Gains_on_Building’s_Energy_Performance

 RHEINZINK (2012) Standard Detail, RHEINZINK Standard Detail Request, Retrieved From: https://www.rheinzink.co.uk/

 Simone (2017) HOW CAN THERMAL MASS HELP IN WINTER OR SUMMER TO REGULATE ROOM TEMPERATURE? Sustainable Design, GRUN, Retrieved From: https://gruenecodesign.com.au/how-can-thermal-mass-help-in-winteror-summer-to-regulate-room-temperature/

 Solar Windows Technologies. inc (n.d) Electricity-generating Liquid Coatings & Processes, Retrieved From; https://www.solarwindow.com/technology/

 Tartarini, F., Schiavon, S., Cheung, T., Hoyt, T., 2020. CBE Thermal Comfort Tool: online tool for thermal comfort calculations and visualizations. SoftwareX 12, 100563. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. softx.2020.100563

 Thermal bridging Solutions (n.d) Thermal Break Solutions for Cladding Attachments, Retrieved From: https:// thermalbridgingsolutions.com/thermal-break-solutions/cladding-attachment-thermal-break/

FIGURE LIST

Figure 1: CIBSE Guide A Table, Retrieved From: https://www.cibse.org/knowledgeresearch/knowledge-portal/ guide-a-environmental-design-2015

Figure 2: Double Glazing Unit Diagram, Retrieved From: https://www.klg.co.uk/windows/windows-faqs/howdouble-glazing-works/

Figure 3: Existing Roof Build Up Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 4: TYVEK Waterproof Membrane, Retrieved From: https://www.amazon.co.uk/DupontTM-Tyvek%C2%AE-Housewrap-Vapour-Permeable-Membrane/dp/B07HT2BBDJ/ref=asc_df_ B07HT2BBDJ/?tag=googshopuk-21&linkCode=df0&hvadid=309872438144&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9937809524435554394&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1007064&hvtargid=pla-698683056121&psc=1

Figure 5: Bitumen Felt, Retrieved From: https://www.vinuovo.com/en/roofing-6meters-3-rolls-600x70cm.html

Figure 6: Insulation Board, Retrieved From: https://www.insulationuk.co.uk/products/xtratherm-pir-insulation?variant=41163096850613&gclid=CjwKCAjw6IiiBhAOEiwALNqnced8d-tOnH66UVcfWE1Ny93r1M1ZZ-DX63-A2rM-yADkrV5lAgMF9xoCAicQAvD_BwE

Figure 7: Aluminium Rainscreen Cladding, Retrieved From: https://copingsuperstore.com/shop/soffits/skyline-3m-length-aluminium-interlocking-soffits/?attribute_pa_colour=7015m&attribute_pa_width=150mm&dTribesID=fz44BEej2igZ9PCDveJpx26CUeje9QYA%7Cadtribes%7C44528&utm_source=Google%20 Shopping&utm_campaign=Google%20Shopping&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=44528&gclid=CjwKCAjw6IiiBhAOEiwALNqncXCrWPzy7hsCEwYsrYdniRtDnXGFc_LZ00_7IfdjNuenFTZBaBvLExoCiEoQAvD_BwE

Figure 8: Existing Glazing Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 9: Existing Wall Build Up – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 10: Existing Internal Gains – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 11: Existing Massing South Facade– By Jacob Roberts

Figure 12: Existing Mass North Facade – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 13: Existing Board Room in Section – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 14: Operative Temperature and Dry Bulb Graph - January – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 15: Operative Temperature and Dry Bulb Graph - July – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 16: Existing Wall - Roof Detail 1:5 – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 17: Existing Wall - Window Detail 1:5 – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 18: Improved Roof Build Up Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 19: Improved Wall Build Up Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 20: Improved Internal Gains Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 21: Insulated Plasterboard, Retrieved From: https://www.tradeinsulations.co.uk/product/kingspan-kooltherm-k118-37-5mm-insulated-plasterboard/

Figure 22: Waterproof Membrane Layer, Retrieved From: https://www.amazon.co.uk/DupontTM-Tyvek%C2%AE-Housewrap-Vapour-Permeable-Membrane/dp/B07HT2BBDJ/ref=asc_df_ B07HT2BBDJ/?tag=googshopuk-21&linkCode=df0&hvadid=309872438144&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9937809524435554394&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1007064&hvtargid=pla-698683056121&psc=1

Figure 23: PEAT Soil Green Roof Build Up, Retrieved From: https://gbr.sika.com/en/construction/roofing/ roof%20solutions/specialist-applications/Green%20roof%20systems/extensive-green-roof.html

Figure 24: 200mm PIR Insulation, Retrieved From: https://www.insulationuk.co.uk/products/xtratherm-pir-insulation?variant=41163096850613&gclid=CjwKCAjw6IiiBhAOEiwALNqnced8d-tOnH66UVcfWE1Ny93r1M1ZZ-DX63-A2rM-yADkrV5lAgMF9xoCAicQAvD_BwE

Figure 25: Calcium Silicate Board, Retrieved From: https://www.hdwaterjet.net/cases/cases-of-producing-fiber-calcium-silicate-board-and-cement-board.html

Figure 26: Titanium Zinc Cladding, Retrieved From: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2021/05/16/ a4168-zentralgebaude-by-daniel-libeskind-an-ambitious-project/

Figure 27: Improved Glazing Build Up Table – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 28: HF 310 Window Frame and Glazing – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 29: Improved Massing North Facade – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 30: Improved Massing South Facade – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 31: Improved Massing South-East – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 32: Improved Call Out Build up Detail (Wall - Roof) 1:5 – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 33: Improved Call Out Build up Detail (Wall - Window) 1:5 – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 34: Improved Dry Bulb Temperature and Operative Temperature - January – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 35: Improved Dry Bulb Temperature and Operative Temperature - July – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 36: Existing Cross-Ventilation Strategy in Section – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 37: Wind Rose for 20th July – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 38: CBE Tool for Operative Temperature, Retrieved From: https://comfort.cbe.berkeley.edu/

Figure 39: Left Hung Window Ventilation Escape – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 40: Existing Ventilation Along X-Axis – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 41: Existing Ventilation on the Z-Axis Across the space – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 42; Existing Ventilation Shown in the space along the Y-Axis. – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 43: Existing Ventilation Shown Along the X and Y Axis – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 44: Wind Rose with Improved Design Form – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 45: Improved Design Form Massing – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 46: Improved Design from with Cross-Ventilation and Stack Ventilation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 47: CBE Tool showing Compliance with the recommended Operative Indoor temperature, Retrieved From: https://comfort.cbe.berkeley.edu/

Figure 48: Bottom Hung Window Diagram with Ventilation Escape – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 49: Ventilation Simulation (IES Showing Improved Cross-Ventilation and Stack Ventilation Optimisation Ventilation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 50: Ventilation Simulation shown across the Y-Axis – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 51: Ventilation Simulation Improvement across the Z-Axis – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 52: Ventilation Simulation Showing Improvement Across the X and Y Axis – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 53: Velocity Key for Improved Design – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 54: Velocity Key for Existing Design – By Jacob Roberts

Page 3

Figure 55: CIBSE Guide A Table, Retrieved From: https://www.cibse.org/knowledgeresearch/ knowledge-portal/guide-a-environmental-design-2015

Figure 56: Double Glazing Diagram Showing Existing Transmittance – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 57: Existing Window Sizes for Double Glazing – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 58: Existing Solar Gain Plan Withing the room (700MM HEIGHT) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 59: Existing LUX Readings Plan Withing the room (700MM HEIGHT @1000mm Intervals) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 60: LUX Key – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 61: Glare Colour Readings in Perspective View – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 62: Perspective View with LUX Readings – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 63: Plan of Selected Space Study – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 64: Improved triple Glazing Diagram Showing Light transmittance. – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 65: Glazing Table with Dimensions and Quantity (Improved) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 66: Improved Colour LUX Simulation in Plan (700mm Work Plane) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 67: Improved Plan of Selected Space with LUX (700mm Work Plane with Intervals of 1000mm) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 67: Improved Plan of Selected Space with LUX (700mm Work Plane with Intervals of 1000mm) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 68: LUX Key (Improved) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 69: Perspective LUX Readings with Colour Key (Improved) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 70: Perspective LUX Readings (Improved) – By Jacob Roberts

FIGURE LIST - CONTINUED

Page 4

Figure 71: Second Level Floor Plan of Section Cut – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 72: Zinc Titanium Cladding Visual, Retrieved From: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2021/05/16/a4168-zentralgebaude-by-daniel-libeskind-an-ambitious-project/

Figure 73: Roof To Wall Detail With Cladding Design – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 74: Wall to Window Detail With U-Values – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 75: Underfloor Heating Diagram (Active System) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 76: Passive Stack-Ventilation Strategy – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 77: Glulam Lifecycle Diagram – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 78: Solar Cell Windows Diagram, Retrieved From: https://hermanvandenbosch.com/2019/04/03/the-holy-grail-full-transparent-window-and-solar-panel-at-thesame-time/

Figure 79: Solar Cell 3D Diagram, Retrieved From: https://hermanvandenbosch.com/2019/04/03/the-holy-grail-full-transparent-window-and-solar-panel-at-the-sametime/

Figure 80: HF-310 Window Call Out Drawing, Retrieved From: https://uk.internorm.com/app/uploads/HF310_St_TIMBER-ALU.pdf

Figure 81: HF-310 Window Axonometric, Retrieved From: https://uk.internorm.com/app/uploads/HF310_St_TIMBER-ALU.pdf

Figure 82: KS-430 Internorm Door 3D Diagram, Retrieved From: https://www.ecohausinternorm.com/brochures/

Figure 83: LED Lighting Diagram, Retrieved From: https://www.led-professional.com/products/leds_led_modules/dow-corning-launched-four-new-products-at-lightbuilding

Figure 84: Solar Cells 3D Diagram – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 85: Solar Panels for building Roof build Up, Retrieved From: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/solar-panel-components-construction

Figure 86: Rubber Thermal Brake, Retrieved From: https://thermal-breaks.group/tekthermtm-ak-fr/

Figure 87: thermal Break and Cladding Bracket Diagram – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 88: thermal Break and Cladding 3D Call Out – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 89: Acoustic Sound Absorbing Panels 3D Diagram – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 90: Green Roof Build Up, Retrieved From: https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/using-green-roofs-reduce-heat-islands

Figure 91: 1:20 Section of Exhibition Space on Level 2 – By Jacob Roberts

Appendix

Figure 92: Ground Floor Plan – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 93: First Floor Plan – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 94: Second Floor Plan – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 95: North Elevation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 96: East Elevation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 97: South Elevation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 98: West Elevation – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 99: 3D Sun Path and Site Strategy (Preliminary) – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 100: 1:500 Roof Plan – By Jacob Roberts

Figure 101: 3D Conceptual Image of Building Form – By Jacob Roberts