Washington Area commercial real estate MARKET UPDATE
A CohnReznick LLP Report Second Quarter 2015
Table of Contents Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Apartments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Condominiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Observations on the Continuing Sustainability of Multifamily. . . . . . . 25
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary The Washington metro area has emerged relatively intact from several years of weak economic performance and is again showing signs of growth. The region posted a net gain of 61,600 jobs over the 12 months ending April 2015, its largest month-over-year employment increase in more than four years. This strong job growth is due in no small part to the fact that after several years of reductions, both Federal employment and procurement are again on the rise. We expect the robust job growth trend to continue through the rest of the year and beyond. The Washington office market is beginning to show small
The region posted a net gain of 61,600 jobs over the 12 months ending April 2015, its largest monthover-year employment increase in more than four years.
but positive improvements in early 2015. Net absorption is positive and rents are up, albeit modestly. Investment activity is strong with high volume and record prices, and the demand for quality space is fueling leasing activity. The office market will continue adjusting to the new reality of lower aggregate demand as consolidations, shorter lease terms, and shadow space remain prevalent in the near term.
Despite a large pipeline, the regional apartment market continues to be robust. Annual absorption continues to break records and vacancy remains below national levels. However, rent growth has been tepid, at best, in this highly competitive environment. Moderate rent declines are expected in 2015, but as the regional job market continues to grow and as the pipeline slowly declines rents will begin to recover to long-term average growth by 2018.
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Executive Summary A shortage of condo product still persists in the Washington metro area. As a consequence, condo sales activity has slowed. There is evidence that prices for new condos are rising metro-wide, albeit at a slower pace. Sales activity is expected to see some gains as well, thanks to moderate conversion and switch activity. Recent local job growth in sectors with incomes that support the purchase of new condo units bode well for the market in the near term. The Washington metro area retail market continues to improve on a steady, if modest, track. Vacancy rates continue to decline and rents have been rising steadily since 2010. Retail real estate in the region avoided disaster during the recession and the lackluster recovery that followed — remarkable considering the pressures of slow job growth, stagnant wages, and booming online merchandising. Development activity highlights optimism among developers and their capital partners for retail centers to thrive throughout the region. The housing market in the Washington metropolitan area has shifted from rapid recovery to a more stable phase. Price growth stalled (year-over-year average sales price declined 0.4%.) even as sales activity rose to its highest level since the downturn, and time-on-market has been below the long-term average. The anticipated interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve before the end of 2015 may also further spur sales activity as potential buyers act to take advantage of favorable mortgage rates while they are still at historical lows. In summary, the Washington area’s commercial real estate markets are showing consistent, if modest, improvements in first half of 2015. Demand remains strong in the apartment and retail markets. The condominium market is poised for healthy activity after a supply-constrained period. The single-family housing market is expected to see moderate price and volume growth, especially as the national and regional economy gain more traction. The Class A office market will benefit from tenant movements toward transit-oriented, high-quality buildings.
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Economy NATIONAL ECONOMY Economic performance in the second quarter of 2015 was mixed. Despite robust job growth, the economy contracted slightly, with real GDP at first quarter declining by 0.2%. This weakness was mainly due to shortterm factors, such as the harsh winter, and most major indicators remain positive at the mid-point of 2015. Given these indicators, we believe that real GDP growth will rebound in the second quarter and through the balance of the year. Year-over-year job growth continues to be strong and the unemployment rate continues to edge down. Some ongoing concerns remain: inflation lingers below the Federal Reserve’s target rate; wages continue to be relatively stagnant; and the number of chronically unemployed people – those who have given up looking for work – remain significant. Depending on how quickly or slowly these measures improve will likely impact the Fed’s decision on when to increase the Federal Funds Rate. Despite these concerns, the national economy experienced an increase of 3.1 million new payroll jobs (not seasonally adjusted) during the 12 months ending April 2015, with the private sector accounting for the overwhelming majority of that growth. Seasonally-adjusted job growth from January to April 2015 averaged approximately 193,000 jobs per month. Meanwhile, the public sector has added jobs for 11 consecutive months after shedding jobs during the previous 46 months (month-over-year). While nearly all of this growth was at the state and local government level, the Federal government appears to have stopped cutting jobs: after 47 consecutive months of declines (month-over-year), Federal employment actually increased in each month between February and April of 2014.
We believe that real GDP growth will rebound in the second quarter and through the balance of the year. Year-over-year job growth continues to be strong and the unemployment rate continues to edge down.
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Economy During the 12-month period ending April 2015, the top four sectors in job gains were Professional/Business Services, Education/Health Services, Leisure/Hospitality, and Retail Trade. These four sectors added about 2.0 million new jobs, accounting for 65% of net new employment. Job gains were positive across all major super sectors and eight of the 13 sectors added at least 149,000 payroll jobs over the year. The unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted) declined to 5.4% as of April 2015, down from 6.2% one year earlier. This decline occurred despite the labor force increasing 1.1% during the same period. In general, we anticipate that the unemployment rate will gradually edge down over the balance of 2015 as hiring accelerates and uncertainty dissipates. A chronic area of concern regarding the national economy is the national average hourly wage. In April 2015 the average hourly wage rose 2.3% from one year prior. By comparison, data available from March 2007 – before the Great Recession – show that the average hourly wage increased by 3.0% or more during each month compared with the same month one year prior. The final estimate of real GDP growth for the first quarter of 2015 came in at -0.2%. The decline stemmed from slowing growth in personal consumption expenditures, lower nonresidential fixed investment, decreased state and local government spending, and a drop in net exports. According to the most recent report from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s Survey of Professional Forecasters, real GDP growth is forecasted to be 2.5% in the second quarter of 2015, 3.1% in the third quarter, and 2.9% in the fourth quarter, for an overall growth rate of 2.4% in 2015. Looking further ahead, real GDP is predicted to average 2.8% in 2016, 2.8% in 2017, and 2.5% in 2018. We expect that the national economic conditions will show continued improvement through the latter portion of 2015. GDP should rebound from a weak first quarter, payrolls are edging higher, and the unemployment rate continues to decline. There is still some slack in the economy, though, particularly in terms of the large number of underemployed workers and slow wage growth. Specifically, we believe the economic outlook is as follows: • Real GDP growth: 2.5% in 2015. • Payroll jobs: 2.6 million added in 2015; similar to last year’s total. • Housing: Price appreciation around 3% to 5% in 2015. • Unemployment rate: 5.2% to 5.6% in 2015.
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Economy The Washington metro area has emerged relatively intact from several years of weak economic performance and is again showing signs of growth. The region posted a net gain of 61,600 jobs over the 12 months ending April 2015, representing its largest month-over-year employment increase in more than four years. This strong job growth is due in no small part to the fact that after several years of reductions, Federal employment and procurement are again on the rise. Over the next 12 months, additional Federal hiring is expected in several departments,
PAYROLL JOB GROWTH
Selected Metro Areas | 12 Months Ending April 2015 Figure 1 250
THOUSANDS OF NEW PAYROLL JOBS
REGIONAL ECONOMY
150 100
61.6 50 0
including Defense, Health and Human Services, and Homeland Security, though this will be at least partially
200
LA Basin NY
SF Bay DFW
Atl South FL Hou
Wash
Chi
Phx
Bos Denver
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Delta Associates; July 2015.
offset by workforce reductions in other agencies such as Treasury. We expect the robust job growth trend to continue through the rest of the year and beyond. See Figure 1. Over the past year, the top four sectors for job growth in the Washington metro area have been Professional/
PAYROLL JOB GROWTH
Washington Metro Area |12 Months Ending April 2015 Figure 2
Business Services, Education/Health, State/Local Government, and Retail/Trade; these sectors gained
Professional/Business Services
51,000 jobs over the 12 months ending April 2015. The
Education/Health State and Local Government
Professional/Business Services sector has rebounded
Retail Trade
from net job losses in 2014 to lead the metro in job gains
Leisure/Hospitality
Construction/Mining +69,200
over the first four months of 2015. This is significant for the
Transportation/Utilities Federal Government
regional economy because Professional/Business Services
Other Services Wholesale Trade
sector jobs tend to have higher-than-average wages
Financial Activities
-3,600
Information
and generate demand for office space. Three sectors
Manufacturing
-6,000
-2,000
2,000
6,000
10,000
JOB CHANGE Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Delta Associates; July 2015.
14,000
18,000
lost jobs over the past year – Information, Manufacturing, and Financial Activities – but none of these sectors lost more than 1,400 jobs. See Figure 2.
The region’s unemployment rate has declined steadily from its post-Recession peak of 7.1% and its April 2014 level of 4.7% percent to just 4.3% in April 2015. This compares favorably with the national (seasonally adjusted) rate of 5.4% in April 2015. We expect the Washington metro area’s unemployment rate to hover around 5% for the remainder of 2015, as new jobs are created concurrently with labor force growth.
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Economy Gross Regional Product (GRP) for the Washington metro area is expected to reach $501.7 billion in 2015 – a 5.5% increase from the estimated $475.5 billion in 2014. While the Federal government remains the largest contributor to the Washington area economy, its share of spending is shrinking. Federal government spending currently accounts for approximately 35% of GRP. By 2018, we expect this share to be reduced to 29%, as private sector economic growth will accelerate while Federal spending will remain relatively flat. With the weak growth of 2013 and 2014 in the past, the Washington metro area is poised for another expansion cycle. We expect job growth in the region to ramp up to about 36,000 in 2015, 49,000 in 2016, and then peak at about 58,000 net new jobs in 2017. This expansion cycle will be driven by the region’s private sector, generating demand for housing and commercial space.
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Economy HIGHLIGHTS GDP PERCENT CHANGE
payroll job growth PAYROLL GROWTH United StatesJOB | Year-Over-Year United States | Year-Over-Year 3,500
6%
3,000
4%
2,500
2%
2,000
Q1 10
Q3 10
Q1 11
Q3 11
Q1 12
Q3 12
Q1 13
Q3 13
Q1 14
Q3 14
Q1 15
Note: Data are not seasonally adjusted. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Delta Associates; July 2015.
Note: Annualized. Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Delta Associates; July 2015.
share ofGRP grp SHARE OF
Washington Area | | 2015 2015 Projection Projection Washington Metro Metro Area
PAYROLL JOB growth Washington MetroGROWTH Area PAYROLL JOB Washington Metro Area
35%
Technology Building Industry
$502 Billion
International Business Health/Education
3% 15%
5% 5%
5%
Hospitality Other
Source: Dr. Fuller, Delta Associates; October Source: Dr.Stephen Stephen Fuller, U.S. Conference of2014. Mayors, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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THOUSANDS OF NEW PAYROLL JOBS
Federal Spending 34%
Jan. 15
Q3 09
Mar. 15
Q1 09
Sep. 14
Q3 08
Nov. 14
Q1 08
Jul. 14
Q3 07
May. 14
-500 Q1 07
Jan. 14
-10%
0 Mar. 14
-8%
500
Sep. 13
-6%
1,000
May. 13
-4%
Public Sector
1,500
Mar. 13
-0.2%
-2%
Private Sector
Jan. 13
0%
% OF TOTAL
ANNUAL GDP CHANGE IN 2009 CONSTANT DOLLARS
United States
Nov. 13
GDP PERCENT CHANGE
Jul. 13
United States
150 5-Year Projected Average = 47,300/Year
100
50
0
-50
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Office SUMMARY AND FORECAST The Washington metro area’s office market struggled somewhat in the second quarter of 2015. Overall office space absorption was relatively weak, but Class A office space recorded a modest amount of absorption. Office demand in the Washington metro area continues to be driven by private sector tenants in search of smaller, higher quality spaces at reduced prices. More notably, Class A buildings in denser, transit-accessible submarkets have been outperforming the market as a whole. The two ongoing trends of densification (reduction in space leased per worker) and flight to quality are likely to continue in the near term, although they have begun to wane. Also, as Federal austerity measures begin to wind down, there should be revived GSA leasing activity in the market. By 2017, resurgent job growth should boost demand for office space, though most demand will remain concentrated in the District of Columbia and in the most desirable Metrorail-served suburban submarkets. Another cause for optimism is the investment sales market, which continues to experience high volume and rising per-square foot (SF) prices. Several high profile properties changed hands during the first half of 2015, including a two-building sale in the District with a price in excess of $1,000/SF. The combined effects of rising demand and increased investor confidence should build meaningful market momentum in 2016 and real traction by 2017.
NET ABSORPTION Net absorption in the Washington metro area totaled negative 195,000 SF in the second quarter of 2015, significantly less than the positive 259,000 SF recorded in the first quarter. Class A space recorded nominal positive absorption of 6,000 SF, still less than the positive 247,000 SF recorded in the 1st quarter. Negative absorption in Northern Virginia for all classes of space (-310,000 SF) and Class A space (-187,000 SF) dragged down the region’s numbers significantly. The quarterly average absorption for the entire metro area year-to-date is positive 30,500 SF, well behind the 2013 and 2014 quarterly average of 273,500 SF.
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Office largely determined by location and class of properties. Since the recent recession, prospective tenants have been taking advantage of depressed rents by leasing space in higher-quality buildings near transit, but they are reducing their space usage. See Figure 1.
VACANCY The Washington area’s direct vacancy rate at the end of the 2nd quarter of 2015 is 11.2%, up slightly from 11.0% one year prior. The Washington metro still maintains one of the lowest vacancy rates among large markets in the United
OFFICE NET ABSORPTION
Washington Metro Area | 2011 – Second Quarter 2015 Figure 1 2,000
NET ABSORPTION (THOUSANDS OF SF)
Recent patterns of office space absorption have been
1,500 1,000 500 0 -500 -1,000
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015*
*First half of 2015. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
States. New York City has the lowest vacancy rate at 6.2% Washington area’s direct Class A vacancy rate as of the 2nd quarter 2015 is 13.4%, which is unchanged from the 2nd quarter of 2014. See Figure 2.
PIPELINE There is 4.4 million SF of office space under construction in the Washington metro area as of June 2015. The majority of the space currently under construction (2.4 million SF, or 54%) is in Northern Virginia, with much of it concentrated along the new Metro Silver Line. There is 31.9 million SF of office space planned in the Washington metro area as of June 2015 and 65.8 million SF proposed. Given current
OFFICE VACANCY RATES
Select Markets | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 2 DIRECT VACANCY RATE
(exclusive of Northern New Jersey and Long Island). The
25% 20%
National Vacancy Rate: 13.2%
15%
11.2% 10% 5% 0%
NYC SF
Bos Was LA Hou Mia Den OC Chi
Atl
Dal Phx
Note: Includes owner-occupied and single-tenant space. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
market conditions, we do not expect many of the planned projects to deliver within the next two years.
EFFECTIVE RENTS The average effective office rent increased to $29.93 per SF as of the second quarter of 2015, up 0.35% from the first quarter of 2015. Notably, rents in the metro area increased more in the first half of 2015 (up .6%) than they did in all of 2014 (total growth 1.3%). Overall, the market will remain favorable for tenants, though less so into 2016 and beyond. We expect concession packages to remain elevated in 2015, as many tenants remain hesitant to lease additional space, and the battle to secure large tenants is likely to be very competitive. However, we believe the window of opportunity to secure reduced rents on quality Class A space is closing, particularly in the region’s top submarkets. C O H NR EZNICK
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Office Steady but moderate increases in rent will likely continue for the remainder of the year. We expect it will not be until 2016 before the Washington metro area experiences more material gains in rent.
Competition for large tenants is likely to remain fierce in the near-term and concession packages are expected to remain elevated in 2015. INVESTMENT SALES VOLUME Investment sales totaled $3.5 billion during the first half of 2015, compared to $4.5 billion during the first half of 2014. Sales prices averaged $389/SF in the Washington metro area during the first half of the year. This compares to $374/SF one year prior.
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Office highlights SUMMARY OF OFFICE MARKET INDICATORS
OFFICE PROJECTS IN THE PIPELINE OFFICE PROJECTS IN | THE PIPELINE Washington Metro Area Second Quarter 2015 Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 all classes
class a
Rentable Building Area (SF)2
406,002,947
174,739,608
Vacant Available (SF)
45,433,946
23,396,972
Direct Vacancy Rate
11.2%
13.4%
(195,000)
6,000
2014
357,000
2,897,000
2013
1,831,000
822,000
1.6%
--
Net Absorption (SF) - Q2 2015
% Rent Change Q4 2014 - Q2 2015
investment sales ytd
all classes $3,523,000,000
Total Sales
$389
Average Price per SF
Under Construction (SF)3
all classes
class a 1
4,373,564
4,330,294
projections for june 2017 Direct Available Space (SF) After Proj. Demand Direct Vacancy Rate
Proposed
35,000
No VA
Sub MD
The District
Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
65
Number of Transactions
development pipeline
Planned
70,000
0
all classes 43,700,000 10.6%
1 Class A is defined as properties that tend to be the best in the market, have above-average design, construction and finish, minimal or no deferred maintenance, superior locations, achieve the highest rents, and have tenants of strong credit quality. Class A RBA per REIS. 2 Does not include buildings under construction or buildings owned by the government. 3 Source: REIS. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
OFFICE DEMAND AND DELIVERIES IN NEXT TWO YEARS
OFFICE DEMAND AND DELIVERIES IN Quarter NEXT TWO YEARS Washington Metro Area | Second 2015 Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 8.0
IN MILLIONS OF SF
CURRENT INDICATORS
IN THOUSANDS OF SF
Under Construction 1
Demand
Under Construction
Planned
6.8
6.0
0.7 4.0
4.4
2.0
0.0
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Apartments SUMMARY AND FORECAST Shifts in demographics and lifestyle preferences benefit the apartment market, where annual absorption records continue to be broken (four quarters in a row now) and vacancy remains below national levels. However, rent growth has been tepid, at best, in this highly competitive environment. As the regional job market improves, the Class A apartment market is poised for growth in the period ahead, although an elevated pipeline persists throughout the region. 2015 could continue to see declines in rent growth, but, as the 36-month development pipeline slowly declines, rents will likely begin to rise and recover to long-term average rates by 2018.
ABSORPTION The region continues to experience record setting absorption, as 13,800 Class A units were absorbed during the past 12 months – more than double the Washington area’s 10-year average. Unlike past dynamics, Class A absorption was not at the expense of the Class B market, which also experienced positive absorption of 2,684 units. A steady supply of new apartments continues to attract the increasing number of Millennial households in the metro area that tend to/prefer to rent rather than own. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the types of jobs and income categories that tend to generate demand for rental apartments rather than ownership housing. Since 2011, the share of renter households in the metro area has been on the rise.
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Apartments decade. As a result, these factors are expected to produce solid Class A apartment absorption, supporting our projected annual demand of about 10,300 Class A units over the next three years. See Figure 1 and 2.
Annual absorption records continue to be broken (four quarters in a row now) and vacancy remains below national levels.
RENTER HOUSEHOLDS
Washington Metro vs. United States | 2007 – 2015 Figure 1 37%
PERECENT OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS
These trends will likely continue through the end of this
35.8%
35% 33% Washington Metro
31%
U.S. 29% 27%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015*
YEARLY AVERAGE *As of first quarter 2015. Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
VACANCY Washington metro area stabilized vacancy for all classes of apartments is 3.7%, 50 basis points lower than a year ago. Despite the high volume of new product, the June 2015 vacancy rate for Class A apartments in the metro area
ANNUAL CLASS A APARTMENT NET ABSORPTION Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 2 16,000
mid- and high-rise vacancy is down 130 basis points while
14,000
low-rise vacancy is up 90 basis points. Given the projected delivery schedule of pipeline projects, the region-wide vacancy rate for stabilized Class A apartment properties will likely edge upward from 4.1% today to the mid 5% range before declining to approximately 3.8% by the second
NET ABSORPTION OF UNITS
remains unchanged from a year ago at 4.1%. In particular,
12,000 10,000
quarter of 2018. See Figure 3.
RENTS
13,800
8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
Overall, rents have held up surprisingly well despite the increased competition over the past couple of years, thanks to record regional absorption. Effective rents for all classes of investment-grade apartments rose by 0.6% over
APARTMENT VACANCY RATES
Major Apartment Markets | All Classes of Apartments Figure 3 7.0%
Class B rents rose by 1.7%. For Class A, rent performance of
6.0%
low-rise product continues to outperform mid- and highrise product, with low-rise Class A rents increasing by 1.0% while mid- and high-rise rents decreased by 1.6%. Regional Class A rents likely will decline in 2015 due to the large slate of scheduled deliveries compared to projected demand. Rents are expected to begin to rise in 2016 and rent growth to recover to the 2.5%–3.5% range by 2017 as growth in 2018 approaches long-term rates.
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VACANCY RATE
the last 12 months. Class A rents declined by 0.1% while
5.0%
3.7%
4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0%
NY
LA
Phi
Chi
Wash
Phx
Balt
DFW
Atl
Hou
*First quarter data except for Washington, which is as of second quarter 2015. Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Apartments PIPELINE
APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE
The pipeline of likely deliveries over the next 36 months
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 4 MARKET RATE UNITS PLANNED AND U/C
45,000
continues on a slow cyclical decline, down to 37,247 37,247
units as of the second quarter. Since 2013, the 36-month pipeline has hovered between 37,000 and 40,000 units, but it will likely shrink to a more healthy level
30,000
over the next 12 to 24 months as financial feasibility becomes more difficult in the face of rising construction costs and relatively flat rents. Most of the pipeline
15,000
decline will come from projects that delay starting construction. Only 10% of the 21,848 units currently 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
*As of second quarter 2015. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
under construction (but not yet leasing) metro-wide are of a scale suitable for switching to condominiums before delivery. Approximately 2,934 units at 12 projects started construction in the first quarter. In total, an estimated 15,121 units are slated for delivery over the
next year, a 6% increase over the 14,231 units delivered over the last 12 months. Deliveries are expected to slow to 9,517 units in the following 12-month period, more consistent with the absorption rate in recent years. See Figure 4.
INVESTMENT SALES The Washington investment sales market experienced an increase in Class A sales activity in 2014, with $1.78 billion of multifamily Class A building sales (seven low-rise properties and 11 mid-/high-rise properties), up 6% from 2013. The average per unit price for 2014 sales was 1.0% lower than 2013 for low-rise units (at $230,880); high-rise per-unit prices were up 7.7% from 2013 (at $459,060). It is expected that sales volume in 2015 will surpass 2014. Through June 2015, we note $1.48 billion of multifamily Class A building transaction volume in 14 trades. Meanwhile, a total of 15 multifamily land sales closed in 2014, totaling $220 million, with the capacity for more than 4,200 multifamily units, compared with $282 million in sales during 2013 with the capacity for more than 4,200 units. So far in 2015, at least one $18 million multifamily land sale has been recorded.
CAP RATES Based on response from Delta Associates’ 2014 Market Maker Survey participants, apartment cap rates held steady at cyclical lows in 2014 due to record absorption counterbalancing a near-record level of pipeline. The survey indicated that apartments remain in favor as an asset class. We expect cap rates to edge up in the near future due to macroeconomic conditions, expectations for rising interest rates, and a crowded pipeline set to deliver in 2015.
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Apartments highlights
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 CURRENT INDICATORS Effective Rents Comparison at 6/14 Rent Increase/Annum Since June 2014 1 Vacancy Rate Comparison at 6/14
class a
class b
$1,919
$1,601
$1,905
$1,578
-0.1%
1.7%
4.1%
3.2%
4.1%
4.4%
Net Absorption Q3 14 - Q2 15
16,484
Q3 13 - Q2 14
8,639
Development Pipeline
CLASS A APARTMENT DEMAND AND DELIVERIES IN NEXT three YEARS
CLASS A APARTMENT DEMAND DELIVERIES IN NEXT THREE Washington Metro Area AND | Second Quarter 2015YEARS
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 45
MARKET RATE UNITS IN THOUSANDS
SUMMARY OF APARTMENT MARKET INDICATORS
Demand
Under Construction
Planned
5,701 30
10,333 / year
31,546
15
0
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
Class A
Deliveries
Projected Deliveries Q3 15 - Q2 16
15,121
Q3 16 - Q2 17
9,517
Q3 17 - Q2 18
3,345
Starts Q2 2015
2,934
Q3 14 - Q2 15
10,649
36-Month Pipeline At 6/2015
37,247
At 6/2014
39,962
projections for june 2018
ANNUAL CLASS APARTMENT RENT CHANGE Washington MetroA Area Washington Metro Area 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4%
41,894
Available Unites
3.8%
Stabilized Vacancy 1
Class A
ANNUAL CLASS A APARTMENT RENT GROWTH
PERCENT EFFECTIVE RENT CHANGE
14,231
Q3 14 - Q2 15
*Annual rent change at Second Quarter 2015 is -0.1%. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
“Same-store” (comparable unit) rent comparison.
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Condominiums SUMMARY AND FORECAST A shortage of condo product still persists in the Washington metro area. As a consequence, condo sales activity has slowed. Determining same-store price change in this supply-constrained market has also become difficult. Almost two thirds of the units introduced to the market over the past 12 months have been sold, leaving a small inventory of units for comparison. Still, there is evidence that prices for new condos continue to rise metro-wide, albeit at a slower pace. Sales activity is expected to see some gains as well, thanks to moderate conversion and switch activity. Recent local job growth in sectors with incomes that support the purchase of new condo units — such as Professional/Business Services and Education/Health — will likely bode well for the market in the near term.
SALES VOLUME
NEW CONDOMINIUM SALES ACTIVITY
In what is typically the strongest quarter of the year,
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 1
sales volume metro-wide is down. The Washington metro area saw 345 net sales in the second quarter, down
NET SALES
800
7% from the first quarter. Sales over the past 12 months
600
also declined 4% from the prior 12-month period. It is important to keep in mind that product shortage has
400
hampered sales volume in the region, and not rather than weak demand. However, there are over 2,000
200
0
condo units in the pre-marketing stage; most of these Q2 Q3 Q4
2010
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2011
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
2012
2013
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2014
2015
units are expected to begin sales over the next few months. As more condominium product is brought to market, new unit sales will likely reach the 1,600 to 2,000 range in 2015. See Figure 1.
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Condominiums EFFECTIVE NEW CONDOMINIUM SALES PRICE CHANGE
PRICES The average effective price per square foot for “same-store”
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 2
new condo sales in the metro area rose by 2.1% over the
9%
past 12 months. As the inventory of fresh units stabilizes, price desirable units are available to dilute the effect on average price of lower-quality units (those that face the dumpster or have poor floor plans). Percentage price increases are
6%
% CHANGE
increases will remain moderate because fewer newly built,
2.1%
0% -3%
expected to be in the mid-single digits over the next 24 to 36 months. See Figure 2.
CONCESSIONS
3%
-6%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 2015
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
Concession rates have increased by 60 basis points metro-wide since June 2014. Concessions now average approximately 2.2% of asking price in the metro area.
PIPELINE The number of unsold units in projects currently marketing or under construction (and not yet marketing) is 3,854 units as of June, up nearly 20% since March and the most since 2010. This is partially due to a slight increase in conversion and switch activity throughout the metro area, including the largest condo switch so far in this cycle. Approximately 1,900 condo units in 30 projects started construction in 2014 — the highest annual total since the middle of the last decade. An estimated additional 1,924 units will start construction in 2015, excluding conversions not already sales within the next 36 months decreased slightly to 3,258 units before attrition, with a majority located in the core areas of the region. The supply-demand balance in the Washington region will continue to favor the developer in most areas, with a still-limited new condo unit supply and rising prices. At the same time, there appears to be a dearth of resale listings. As a result, we foresee new unit prices rising and improved development opportunities in many parts of the metro area through 2017. See Figure 3.
CONDOMINIUMS ACTIVELY MARKETING OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 3 4,500
UNSOLD MARKET RATE UNITS
announced. However, the number of units planned to begin
3,854
3,000
1,500
0
6/10
6/11
6/12
6/13
6/14
6/15
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Condominiums highlights
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 CURRENT INDICATORS 345
12 months ending June 2015
1,480
12 months ending June 2014
1,543
New Unit Average Price per SF
$360
% Change in Avg. Effective PSF since June 2014
2.1%
Concessions as % of Asking Price at June 2015
Development Pipeline
Number of Units 3,854
Planned to Deliver within 36 Months
3,258
Planned/Rumored Long-Term Planned Condominium or Rental
7,112 7,564
Demand
7,000
Under Construction
Planned*
6,600 / year 1,578 3,854
3,500
0 *Accounts for attrition. Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
CONDOMINIUM UNIT DELIVERIES CONDOMINIUM UNIT DELIVERIES Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 2015
52,365
1 “Sold” units defined as a binding contract of sale with deposit. Includes multifamily rental conversions, but excludes age-restricted and townhouse properties. These sales are net of contract fall-outs.
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015
2.2%
Unsold Units in Projects Currently Marketing or Under Construction
Total 36 Month Pipeline
NEXT THREE Metro YEARSArea | Second Quarter 2015 Washington
Column1
12,000
MARKET RATE UNITS
New Unit Sales1
CONDOMINIUM DEMAND AND DELIVERIES IN NEXT three YEARS CONDOMINIUM DEMAND AND DELIVERIES IN
MARKET RATE UNITS
SUMMARY OF CONDOMINIUM MARKET INDICATORS
8,000
4,000 Normalized Demand Range
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Retail SUMMARY AND FORECAST The Washington metro area retail market continues to improve on a steady, if modest, track. Vacancy rates continue to decline and rents have been rising steadily since 2010. Retail real estate in the region avoided disaster during the recession and lackluster recovery — remarkable considering the pressures of slow job growth, stagnant wages, and booming online merchandising. More recently, the Washington metro area economy is experiencing an expansion with strong job growth and a resumption of Federal procurement. This bodes well for consumers and retail real estate. Development activity throughout the metro area — mixeduse projects in the core, renovations of older centers in mature suburbs, and plans for new centers in the outer suburbs — highlights optimism among developers and their capital partners for retail centers to thrive throughout the region. With an inventory of 73.3 million SF, the Washington metro area suburbs have 16.3 SF per capita of neighborhood/community shopping center space — a significant drop from just a few years ago and another indication of the region’s capacity to absorb more of the basic neighborhood/community retail space that is in the pipeline.
VACANCY Vacancy rates in neighborhood and community centers remain high relative to pre-recession averages across the metro area, although they have been declining gradually since 2012. The vacancy rate for shopping centers in the Washington suburbs at second quarter of 2015 was at 7.0%, a decline of about 10 basis points from 7.1% at second quarter 2014.
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Retail PIPELINE OF ALL SHOPPING CENTER TYPES
Washington Metro Area Suburbs | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 1 12000
THOUSANDS OF SQUARE FEET
10,299
PIPELINE As of second quarter 2015, there is 2.6 million SF of shopping center space under construction across all shopping center types in the Washington metro area suburbs. Overall, there is 6.5 million SF of planned (i.e.,
8000
permitting completed, awaiting groundbreaking)
6,546
shopping centers throughout the Washington suburbs. 4000
0
Proposed centers – for which permits and financing
2,633
have yet to be secured – total 10.3 million SF. See Figure 1. Twelve grocery-anchored shopping centers are under
Under Construction
Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
Planned
Proposed
construction in the metro area, totaling 1.6 million SF, and many more in the planning stages.
RENTS Rents in neighborhood and community centers have been climbing slowly but steadily since 2010. Average effective rent rose in Washington suburban centers by 2.1% from 2013 to 2014. Average effective rent in the metro area was $24.35 per SF at second quarter 2015. This compares to the average of $23.78 per SF at second quarter 2014.
INVESTMENT SALES There were two notable investment sales of grocery-anchored shopping centers during the second quarter of 2015. In the Washington metro area suburbs, investment sales of grocery-anchored shopping totaled $483 million (averaging $285 per SF) in the first half of 2015, surpassing the 2014 total of $323 million ($353 per SF). See Retail Highlights.
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Retail highlights Neighborhood/community shopping center effective rent NEIGHBORHOOD/COMMUNITY SHOPPING CENTER per square foot EFFECTIVE RENT PER SQUARE FOOT
Washington Metro Area Suburbs| Second Quarter Washington Metro Area Suburbs | Second Quarter 2015 2015
Washington SecondQuarter Quarter2015 2015 WashingtonMetro MetroArea Area Suburbs Suburbs | Second 30
$24.35
$24.00
$23.49
$23.66
$23.50
$23.00
2012
2013
2014
CENTER VACANCY Washington Metro AreaRATES Suburbs | Second Quarter 2015 Washington Metro Area Suburbs | Second Quarter 2015
0
2012
2013
2014
2015*
Grocery-Anchored Shopping Center INVESTMENT Sales PIPELINE OF ALL SHOPPING CENTER TYPES
Washington WashingtonMetro MetroArea AreaSuburbs Suburbs | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 1 12000
8.5%
8.0%
7.8%
7.5%
7.0%
2012
*As of June 2015. Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
2013
7.0%
7.0%
2014
2015*
THOUSANDS OF SQUARE FEET
10,299
8.0%
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16.3
*As of June 2015. Source: REIS, Census Bureau, Delta Associates; July 2015.
neighborhood/community NEIGHBORHOOD/COMMUNITY SHOPPING SHOPPING CENTER vacancy rates
6.5%
16.5 15
2015*
*As of June 2015. Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015..
VACANCY RATE
27.9
27.5
$24.14
SF/CAPITA
EFFECTIVE RENT PER SF
$24.50
Neighborhood/community shopping center spaceSHOPPING per NEIGHBORHOOD/COMMUNITY capita CENTER SPACE PER CAPITA
8000
6,546
4000
0
2,633
Under Construction
Planned
Proposed
Source: REIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Housing SUMMARY AND FORECAST The housing market in the Washington metropolitan area has shifted from rapid recovery to a more stable phase. During the second quarter of 2015, year-over-year average sales price declined 0.4%. Price growth stalled even as sales activity rose to its highest level since the downturn, and time-on-market has been below the long-term average. Months-of-inventory still remained lower than the historic average, but it is expected to ease as more listings come online. As the inventory crunch continues to ease, local price growth likely will remain in the more modest range of 1% to 3% annually in the short term. Favorable regional economic trends — strong job growth, low unemployment rates, and the return of Federal procurement — bode well for the housing market. The anticipated interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve before the end of 2015 may also further spur sales activity as potential buyers act to take advantage of favorable mortgage rates while they are still at historical lows.
PRICES Price growth in the region rose steadily since 2009, but has slowed in recent months. In the second quarter of 2015, the average sale price for a Washington area home declined
PRICE CHANGES IN PURCHASE-ONLY INDICES Select Large Metro Areas | 1995 – 2015 Figure 1 225%
year growth of 3.2% at second quarter 2014. It is the first decline in average price since the fourth quarter of 2011. Price growth likely will remain at modest levels as listings continue to increase in the near term. Prospects for the Washington metro area housing market in the longer term remain positive. Despite the recent slight price depreciation,
PRICE CHANGES
0.4% from a year ago. This rate compares to the year-over-
176% 150%
75%
0%
the regional housing market is among the most stable in the nation. Since 1995, according to the FHFA, average prices in the Washington region have grown about 8.8% annually.
Note: Price change at first quarter of respective year; seasonally adjusted. Source: FHFA, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Housing UNIT VOLUME Sales activity typically peaks this time of the year, but recent sales volume is noteworthy. Unit volume sold during the second quarter of 2015 increased 10.9% from one year ago. The first half of 2015 registered the highest six-month sales volume the region has seen since 2006. This contrasts with sluggish sales in 2014. Washington area homebuyers are likely acting to take advantage of more reasonable prices and the still-low interest rates before both go up. As job growth – especially concentrated in sectors with incomes that support the purchase of for-sale housing units – outpaces price gains, sales activity is likely to continue at a robust pace.
HOME PRICE CHANGE AND INVENTORY
sale inventory at the end of second quarter 2015. This compares to the 1.7 months of inventory in the second quarter of 2013, the peak of the housing market recovery. Active listings were up 10% and at the highest level (20,094) since the second quarter of 2006, but months of supply remains below the long-term average of 3.9 months as demand kept pace. See Figure 2.
DAYS ON MARKET Homes in the Washington area averaged 47 days on the market in the second quarter of 2015, down 22 days from
30%
15 12
15%
9 0% 6 -15%
-30%
3
04
05
06
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
Existing Houses | Washington Metro Area Figure 3 120
in time on market over the year. Despite a larger selection
priced homes might have prompted some buyers to close
09
ANNUAL AVERAGE DAYS ON MARKET
105
Strong sales this quarter were a key factor in the decline 80
DAYS
remains strong. The availability of relatively moderately-
08
*Months of inventory at current sales pace for last month in each quarter. Source: MRIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
one year ago and below the 10-year average of 69 days.
of listings, pent-up demand from Washington area buyers
07
MONTHS OF INVENTORY*
The metro area has an average of 2.4 months of for-
12-MONTH PRICE CHANGE
MONTHS OF INVENTORY
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015 Figure 2
47 40
45
27
on sales faster than normal, locking in lower prices and relatively low interest rates. See Figure 3.
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
*As of Second Quarter 2015. Source: MRIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Housing highlights SUMMARY OF HOUSING MARKET INDICATORS
Home Sales Average PRICE HOME SALES AVERAGE PRICE CHANGE
Washington Metro Area | Second Quarter 2015
Washington Metro Area CHANGES
Washington Metro Area 12%
$486, 158
Average Sales Price Comparison at Q2 2014
-0.4%
$488,153 20,094
Sales (Units) Comparison at Q2 2014 Average Days on Market Comparison at Q2 2014 Sales Place (Months)1
18,113 47
For Sale Listings
5
4% 0%
-0.4% -4% -8%
41 2.4
Comparison at Q2 2014
10.9%
8%
PRICE CHANGE
Change YearOver-Year
CURRENT INDICATORS
-12%
-0.1 *As of Second Quarter 2015. Source: MRIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
2.5 18,423
Sales pace at June 2015. Pace is ratio of total for-sale inventory to current month’s sales. 1
Source: MRIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
PERCENT CHANGE IN HOME PRICES
Washington Metro vs. United States PERCENT CHANGE IN HOME PRICES Second Quarter 2015 Washington Metro vs. United States | First Quarter 2015 Washington Metro Area
45,000
U.S. 20 MSA Composite
0%
-25%
Existing Houses | Washington Metro Area Existing Houses | Washington Metro Area Second Quarter2015 2015 Second Quarter
LISTINGS
% CHANGE
25%
FOR-SALE LISTINGS
FOR-SALE LISTINGS
30,000
15,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
*12 months ending July 2015. Note: Seasonally adjusted purchase-only index Source: S&P/Case-Shiller, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Source: MRIS, Delta Associates; July 2015.
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Article Observations on the Continuing Sustainability of Multifamily By David Kessler Commercial Real Estate Industry Practice – National Director
Given the ominous, often-raised red flags about overbuilding, the multifamily sector continues to outperform other sectors by a significant margin. According to fourth quarter 2014 data from CBRE for the country’s 64 largest markets, absorption is at a four-year high, even given the fact that new units coming on line is at its highest level since 2008. Rents are up by a healthy 5.3% year-over-year, and multifamily acquisitions reached a record $34 billion in the fourth quarter. What’s sustaining multifamily’s forward momentum? Simply put, there continue to be way too many positive trends and market conditions going for multifamily for the long-expected bubble to burst anytime soon. The demographics alone have their own set of tailwinds—both from the millennials’ perspective as well as the boomers’. The migration to life in the inner city, along with all the amenities, attractions, and conveniences that lifestyle affords, makes for consistent, almost voracious demand in most trendy, mixed-use urban markets. Continued flat-lined interest rates mean builders, developers, and investors have almost unfettered access to capital for the right kinds of deals. Finally, stabilized property fundamentals in most markets also fuels the continued enthusiasm for multifamily. So where then, does caution come into play? Even if these trends remain strong, indefinite success cannot be taken for granted. Top-of-the-line amenities and seductive marketing can fill an individual development, but turning apartment living into a lifestyle product brings the fickleness of fashion into the equation. Meaning, today’s hot property can suddenly find itself on the defensive when an even sexier development goes up down the street. Not only will the “older” property have greater competition in attracting tenants, but it can’t assume it will be able to retain a high percentage of the ones it has— which is, of course, one of the foundations of maximizing return on investment. As a result, even with rent increases and low vacancy rates, concessions like one, two, or even three months’ free rent are commonplace. So for the present, while the fundamentals remain in the landlord’s favor, competition among properties remains strong. If the multifamily market ever does slacken, the competition for tenants will become even fiercer. But even in today’s “developer’s market”, those who ultimately succeed are those who recognize that no matter how well they are doing, there will always be mitigating factors to consider in either staying the course, or taking a fresh look at all aspects of your current investment strategy.
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About As one of the top accounting firms in the nation, CohnReznick provides a full array of services to the commercial real estate industry. Our clients include such institutional investors as private equity funds and pension funds investing in real estate, as well as public and private real estate companies including commercial and residential property owners and operators, hotels and resorts, real estate developers, construction companies, homebuilders and land developers. CohnReznick’s National Commercial Real Estate Industry Practice manages complex, high profile engagements employing a broad range of sophisticated financial skill sets and precise, closely coordinated teamwork. We offer the technical knowledge, sizable resources and in-depth infrastructure of a national firm, but at reasonable and competitive fee levels, consistently utilizing senior-level engagement team members who provide clients with the personal service they deserve and have come to expect. Our real estate professionals are comprised of highly experienced thought leaders who understand the broadest range of accounting, tax and business issues across all sectors of the commercial real estate industry. From concept through development and implementation, we focus our energies into providing keen insights, proven, success-oriented strategies and close personal service. CohnReznick provides services to a broad cross-section of the real estate industry including: • Public and Private Real Estate Companies • Private Equity Funds • Pension Funds Investing in Real Estate • Commercial and Residential Property Owners and Operators • REITs • Hotels and Resorts • Real Estate Developers • Construction Companies • Land Developers • Homebuilders • Lenders • Nonprofits • Municipalities • Community Redevelopment Groups • Local Governments For more information on CohnReznick’s National Commercial Real Estate Industry Practice, please visit www.cohnreznick.com/commercialrealestate David Kessler, CPA Commercial Real Estate Industry Practice – National Director CohnReznick LLP 7501 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 400E Bethesda, MD 20814-6583 301-652-9100 www.cohnreznick.com
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About This publication on the Washington metro area economy and commercial real estate market is a production of CohnReznick LLP in consultation with Delta Associates. Delta Associates is a firm of experienced professionals serving the commercial real estate industry for 35 years. The firm’s main practice areas are: 1. Consulting, research, and advisory services for all property types throughout the United States (including market feasibility studies, highest and best use analysis, market entry strategies, asset performance enhancement studies, market due diligence, white papers on special topics, valuation analysis, and litigation support); and 2. Subscription publications for selected metro areas for the apartment, condominium, office, retail, and housing markets. For more information on Delta Associates, please visit DeltaAssociates.com. Delta’s Washington Area Commercial Real Estate Market Update team includes: • Rachelle Sarmiento, Senior Associate: Rachelle.Sarmiento@DeltaAssociates.com or 202.778.3114 • David Weisel, CRE, Chief Executive • Sallie Drumheller, Graphic Designer © 2015. All rights reserved. You may neither copy nor disseminate this report. If quoted, proper attribution is required. Although the information contained herein is based on sources which Delta Associates (DA) believes to be reliable, DA makes no representation or warranty that such information is accurate or complete. All prices, yields, analyses, computations, and opinions expressed are subject to change without notice. Under no circumstances should any such information be considered representations or warranties of DA of any kind. Any such information may be based on assumptions which may or may not be accurate, and any such assumption may differ from actual results. This report should not be considered investment advice.
1717 K Street, NW, Suite 1010 Washington, DC 20006 202.778.3100 Info@DeltaAssociates.com
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CohnReznick is an independent member of Nexia International
CohnReznick LLP Š 2015 This has been prepared for information purposes and general guidance only and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is made as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication, and CohnReznick, its members, employees and agents accept no liability, and disclaim all responsibility, for the consequences of you and anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it.