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Director Administrador: LUIS LOPEZ TIZOL

MAYO, JUNIO

NUM. 5

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LA CAUSA DE tAS TRECE COLONIAS Cien1.o setenta años han transcurrido a partir de la fe cha mernorable de 1776 en que aquel noble procerato libertador a través - de abnegado sacrificio patriótico, encendidas las luces ele su preclara inteligencia. enarbolaron el glorioso estandarte de la li-· bertad lmrnana en América, vaciando en el excelso documento de la Declaración de Independencia las r aíces de las instituciones que nos rigen , enriquecidas éstas por nobles ideales libertarios en donde brillara con r efulgentes destellos la libertad de conciencia y expresión y se afirmara categóricamente el predominio ele las garantías del hombre libre, conquistas amasadas con la sangre reinvinclicadora de los hijos de aquellas primitivas y jóvenes comunidades de América.

La causa ele las trece colonias no debía perderse, no podía perderse . . . , porque era prop.ugnada por mortales de envergadura moral intachable, ele inteligencia privil egiada, la aristocracia del pensamiento claro y la acción honrada hecha carne, ht;1 eso y espíritu. . . Por eso hacemos mutis reverente al traer a nnestr a imaginación los nunca bien ponderados: J efferson , Adams, Otis, Patrick Henry, Henry Lee, Franklin, Hancock, Morris, Livingston, Paine, etc .... porque asumieron con visión profética la responsabilidad máxima de sentar las sólidas bases que, como roca inconmovible, detuvieran las desmedidas y' egoístas ambiciones de los que, vulnerando los sagrados propósitos dt: reinvinclicación de los paladines del '76, intentaron guiar el pueblo por los odiosos senderos del despotismo y las corrientes paganas de doctrina política.

La revolución americana, muy distinta por cierto a la r evolución en Francia ele 1789 ó a la revoluc-ión en Ru~ia de 1917, fué .u na revuelta armada contra la política imperial puesta en práctica por la Gran Bretaña contra las indefensas colonias, para su propio beneficio. No fué la revolución un levantamiento político conducente a la destrucción del siste· ~

ma americano de gobierno y modo de vida, fué todo ló contrario; por la implantación de ese sistema y modo de vida; fué más .bien un esfuerzo patriótico con miras a la rehabilitación de los. derechos personales y prerrogativas políticas logradas y consagradas cu la Magna Carta y la P etición de Derechos ... Por eso la forma r epublicana de gobierno fué la elegida, porq.ue llenaba a cabalidad las aspiraciones supremas y los propósitos sanos de la filosofía democrática, que estableeoía responsabilidades y derechos reeíprocos, teniendo como cimientos la libertad e igual- · dad polítiea y jurídica del hombre, la que rectamente conduciese al ideario de filosofía política sustentada por los criterios amplios de Montesq,u ieu, Locke, Rosseau, co1n.1 pensadores motrices, que iluminaran las mentes predestinadas de nuestros antepasados y' paclres ele la patria.

Bajo la sombra bienhechora de la.s intsituciones libres de la joven América el pueblo puertorriqueño ha viabilizado todo su progreso económico, político ~r social, siendo r ecipiente de . la cultura y espíritu sajón, y de algo más: ele la ciudadanía que tanto ha honrado y ama, y -que con~iando en la sensatez, espírit u de responsabilidad y la política histórica de los Estados Unidos para con sus territorios, espera impaciente, con acendrado amor a la nación tutora y presto al sacrificio patriótico de todo orden, a que su condición política sea finalmente resuelta, a tono co n su aspfración úni ca, a través de la admisión, oomo Estarlo, en la progresist~ conUderación de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, con iguales derechos __ en todo respecto- que los ostentados por las otras comunidades políticas de la patria de .Washington y lJincoln.

Conscientemente esperamos eoelebrar, en un futu ro cercano, una fecha gloriosa como la del 4 de julio, pero bajo fa égida acogedora de las libertades de la Constitución de Estados Unidos. . . Una y mil veces lo anhelamos.

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EL ESTADO -PUERTO RICO

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EL CUATRO DE JULIO:

COMO DEBE"CELEBRARSE ticipe no sólo el pueblo en general en la forma indicada, si que agrupado en los hogar es, las iglesias, las escuelas, las _asociaciones y aun ei individuo ~aislado · dentro de sí mismo, a fin de p enetrar bien en la entraña de lo que es y significa el documento, hasta que los principios en el mismo proclamados lleguen a convertirse en carne de nuestra carne y en hueso de nuestros huesos. Sólo así podremos practicarlos en verdad y en espírit,u y llegar a salvación por el camino de la libertad y la justicia.

Y si debe ser de tal modo en los primitivos estados continentales, mucho más debe serlo en los que a la Unión se incorporaron luego y especialmente en Puerto Rico.

Ellos, los primitivos estados, proclamaron la Declaración y la convirtieron en realidad a costa de sus vidas y haciendas ; ellos consagraron sus principios en la Constitución; ellos salvaron la Unión en la Guerra Civil, quedando establecido para siempre en la n ación ''concebida en la libertad y destinada a perp etuar la igualdad entre los hombres'' el "gobierno del pueblo, por el pueblo y' para el pueblo" HON. EMILIO DEL TORO CUEVAS

Ex-Juez Presidente Corte Siuprema de Puerto Rico

Por espacio de más de un cuarto de siglo inter vine en las celebraciones anuales del 4 de Julio en esta ciudad ele San J uan de Puerto Rico, leyendo la Declaración de Independencia, y cada vez lo hice con mayor f erYor porque cada vez encontraba mayor grande;za en el documento que leía y mayor gar antía en s,us pronunciamientos para la libertad y el bienestar ele mi pueblo.

E s nat,ural que la celebración consista en parada s en l!:JS que se confundan el elemento militar y el civil, aninrndas por bandas de música, exhibiciones de figuras bistórfuas, grupos pintorescos, regatas, juegos populares, r etretas, fuegos d e artificio y patrióticos dir:,cursos, par a que la alegría del pueblo t enocasión el e desbordarse ante el r ecuerdo de su na~imiento cerno nación independiente, pero jamás debe olvidarse la pa r te serena -y• honda, des.tinada a avi1var Jn conciencia social para llevarla a cumplir su deber a pl<"ni tud, de modo que la her encia r ecibida no se pien1<", sí que se aumente. De ahí q,u e sea tradicional la lectura de la DE,CLARACION DE INDEPENDENCIA al fina l de las paradas.

La celebr ación debe ser algo además en que par-

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v en ellos actúa fuert emen te la tradición en la sub~onciencia de las generaciones actuales. No así en nosotros. A nosotros llegaron sus principios a virt,ud de un cambio de soberanía sin intervención nuestra, tocándonos asimilarlos dando un salto en el camino de nuestras vidas, actuación tremendamente difícil que r equiere líderes de extraordinario valer y valor y un pueblo ávido de vivir y desarrollarse en los planos más altos de la civilización.

Y en esa línea presenta la celebración del 4 de Julio en su más genuino espíritu una espléndida oportunidad. Por eso dije en ocasión solemne y ahora repito más convencido que nunca: ''Amigos, podemos y debemos celebrar esta fieRta. Nuestra asociación con los Estados Unidos de América significa paz, estabilidad, grandeza. Significa francos caminos abiertos hacia el progreso en todos los órdenes y manifestaciones. Significa dignidad ciudadana, libertad verdadera, independencia personal, material y espiritual ; ig,ualdad de oportunidades Y un gobierno de. Ley. Constituye la realización de nue¡;;tras aspiraciones por las vías que la misma providencia nos trazara.

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EL ESTADO -

PUERTO R ICO

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Sentíment, Not Economícs obstacles in the way of their acq.m rmg a full mea.sure of self -gover nment, to estímate the pr ogr ess alr ea dy made and to study the actiYe processes of educa tion for further responsib ilities.

'I'he view of both these nations is tempered by considcrations of self interest. In the absence of a compr ehensive and gen erallj~ accepted law of nations, and of an effective machinery for its enforcement, evr~r:v nat.ion has in tbe past pnrsu ed and will pursue it.s own inter ests in its own way. In that. resp ect nations are not different from individuals. It woulcl not be realistic to expect that any nation would take a purely unselfish Yie"· to tbe damage of its own position in order to further th e interests of a territory ontside the nation. E ven in a mature, educated and democr atic nation we can hardly expect a view point wh ich Í!'; not consistent \'i'ith self interest.

Whet.h er the American view or the British view be applied, Puerto Rico should be giYen complete self-governm ent immediately.

P.uerto Rico knew centuries of European government and was endowed with christianity, Spanisli culture and a very large measure of E.uropean blood before the United States took possession. Puerto Rico was and is a part of western civilizat.ion and of MR. WALTER L. NEWSOM JR: christenclom.

Lawyer-Class 1929 Moreover, the great progr ess which Puerto Rico Harvard University has made in everJ aspect of life in an organized comThe American view is that the interests of comunit.y, and par ticularl:v the progress it has made loni cs r cqu ire 1ha t th ey be gi ven self-gonrnment in self-government, should lead any unprejudiced obeither irnmecliately or in the fairly near futur e in acserver to the clear c01wiction that there is nothing to cordance \Yith a sta tecl schedule. 'l'his vie''" has of- · ten b een an nonu cc L1 by hi gh off'icials of th e Ame- b e gained either for Puerto Rico or for the United rican government ancl the most recent application States in the continuation of any restraint on comof it is fonnd in the treatrnent accorcled to the Phi- plete self-government. It is cl emonstrated fact t hat lippine I sla nds. By tradition, na ti onal exprrience Puerto Rico has a class of high ly ecln cated ancl culancl temperament, t be great majority of the people tured citizens full:v corn p etent to govern. Of this class many have made marks of distinction in the profesof tlie Unü et1 s;tatcs know ilrnt 01il r limit cc.1 ntlYantsions, in education, in the arts, in the scienc·es and ages can be gained by a territory snbordinated to the in business. control of a stronger Nation. If a territory p osssesl\foreover , there is no element of self-interest to ses th e elt>ments upon whic-h an ordered state ran the United States t.hat. shonld deter a grant of imbe built ·1r r ebuilt-i. e., a measure of unity in tramecl ia te complete self-government to Puerto Rico. dition, and r du cated class, a historie culture, r eligion and a rommon langu age-the people thereof ·will The people of Puerto Rico ar e citizens of the United within a sl10rt time develop resentrnent against con- States aud their welfare is the prime fa ctor involved , inseparably interwoven into the general welfare of tinned suborcl ination however sli ght ít may be. And that r esentm ent will become a subst antial obstacle the Nation.

That P uerto Rico should be given immediate to furthE'r gains. complete s0lf-government is a proposition with which 'l'h e Dritisb view is somewhat differ ent. It is to look more closely at tbe colonies, to observe the

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PUERTO RICO

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SENTIMENT NOT-ECONOMICS From page 7

continnation of a colonial status is unthinkable. few if any wonld disagreE'. The question ns to th c Althong-h m~' hope a nd b eli ef is for statehood, fnrm or politi1·nl stntns by whieh thnt compl E'tc sE'lftl1at statns shonkl not b e imposed on Puerto Rico. . govcrnmcnt shall be achieved presents a difficult and If Pne1-to Rico were a m ere extension of lau d complrx prcblrm. th e solntion of Y1hich will i'eq nfre th e problt•m wonld be simple nnd any statns co.u ld a high order of statesmanship both in Puerto Rieo be rnacted for i1. It is not th a t, bnt infinit el~· more. :md on th ,~ mainlancl.

It is a territory, n ear nnd plain nnd it eYokes perThe gTeat mayorit.v of hnnrnn bein~·s lrnvr two son al fr cling-s and gro np scntiments. " To ¡:¡ p 0opk standards ":ith respect to the actions of nations and c0nscions o: its indiYid.nnlit~· ' how sweet tlw sil en t other communities, one highly indulgent, by which barkwarcl tra cin gs.' Snch people endow the l and itthey judg·e the acts of their o·w n nations or eommu- self with a m~rstical qnality, hraring r eYered an cesnities, and the other an exneting perfectionism by tors, th e authors of past grandenrs and the doers of which they judge the deeds of ot.her nnt.ions or comheroi c det•ds, speak from their graves in its Roi l. To munities. Neith er Continental Unitrcl States nor a ll cl assr.s. lanclsc·ape is an E'ssen t ial part of home.

Pnerto Rico i.s an rxception to this <lnal stan<laril of Enshrin \'<l in ever_v nation al lit0rat nre are the ch angjudment. ing moods and compositions of riYer, mount.ain. vallVIoreover, th e unclnly prolon ge<l cont.innation of ley, forest an<l shorr. AH the familiar techniques of a degTee of subordinntion, ns wa s to be expect.ed, has l1Ying· are i1wolved in the compl e:s: of feel in g. rememresulted in justified resentment in Pnerto Rico. The b t>red ex prrirn ce nnrl imagination snrronnding p lace existence of that r esentment, temprred by considerancl hom<:>. In common thought today, as in t.he earable patii:mce, is merely another and strong indica- 1iest folklore, onrs dwrlling place is th e cen ter of tion thnt Puerto Rico is ready ancl prepared for imthe nniverse." mecliat e compl ete self-government.

It is th e titlc to sentiments like t.hese , an d not Mr hope is that Puerto Rico may• be admitted to so man .v sqnarf' miles of land, that is involYed in as a state of the Unio1i.. My belief is that statehood this problr m of status. Th,u s it is that political leai;; the b est and inost desirablr Rolntion of the prodrrn mnst be especially careful and alert in talkin g blern. The people of Puerto Rico are and for many or takin g action with rrsprct to rnatters so close and years have been citizens of the United States. Since c'lrar to l1POple. thr tnrn of the centnry they have shared the forPnrrt o Riro nnc'I onl~· Puerto R.ico must decid e tuncs, the misfortnnes, the good and the bad of the this prohlrm. Ancl whetht>r one ac'lm its it or not, t.hat Nation as an integral part t.hereof. This association c'lreision \Yi ll cleprnd in tlw fina l analysis on sen tiJrns borne itf.'. mutual and reciprocal advantages, right.s men t. Although it SE'ems in this day and time fash. and obligntions. Pnerto Rico has prospered. Its ionabl e to resolve all problcrns in t erms of eronomic progress r1m; bern more rapid perhaps than that in theor~· allí1 dog·nrn , it is belirYed that this probl em of the United States dnriug an eqnal nnmber of years status is drfinitt>l~· not a problcm of econorn ics. James followinp: the adoption of the Const.itntion. As a Br~· ee, nftrr his rrtnrn to Engl and from his Yisit to state that progress should continne. Statehood does United States sa id that the American peopk could not. impl~, the loss of culture, religiou or language. makP any Co nRt.i tnti on work. If tlw P0ople of PnnThr wr.17 p:enius of the American s~'st em líes in the to Riro want st at ehood, th ey can make it work. union of sü;.tes romposed of diverse peoples witbout loss of id entity.

If Puerto Hico is to remain a part of the United Viene de pag. 5 States nothing less than full membership in the nation wonld be fitting to the clig·nity of its people.

"N"uestra responsabilidad ante la historia A nd only through statehood can a comm,unity achieve rs gTa nde . Atrave, amos por momentos decisifull membership iu the Nation on an eqnality with t.he vos. Es n ecesario act uar con cla r idad y firmeother m ember states. Under the exist.ing· Constitution za. Y poni endo mi alma rn mis palabras digo onl~r three kinds of status may be obtaine<l: colonial. a mi ]meblo qu0 jamás podrá disfrutar de m ayor statehood and independent. T he dominion stíltns, irin<lepcndencia que la que disfruta y seguirá respective of name, must necessarily lw in<lrpen<lent di sfrutando unido al gran pueblo que declaró or colonial. Complete self-government as a part of la R.u~ra el 4 de J11lio de 1776. " the United States can be had by statehoo<l only . Com.Emilio del Toro . plete self-government. witbout being a part of the San Juan, P. R United States may be had through independence. A Junio 30, 1946. ___.:..---

El Cuatro de Julio ....

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EL ES'l'ADO -

PUBR'l'O RICU

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My nat1ve State of Pu~rto Rico "

naval se rvice of Great Brita.iu felt t hemselYes " looked clown upon " by t he na ti,·e 13ritons, and referred to as "Colon ials. " Like"·ise I recall certa in stories tol<l me by rn.r oldf'r rela.tiYes abont th e attitud e of Spa ni nrcl s towar d their "Colon ia.ls." It has been rn:v rxperiencc that this f eelin g does not exist among th e Ya st ma.jorit>' of Ameri ca~1s . Th e>' ta.ke a man more or less for whnt. they think he is wor t h. as a soldi rr , or ns a sta.tesma n, or as an in cl ustrialist. So t his feeling of bein g lonely has n eYer bef'n induced by hein g snubh ed somewh er e fo r not h iwing been born .in Contin rnt.al United S tat es.

In tr.vin g to anal»ze this lonesome f0 eling I fincl rn ys0lf reasoning th a.t. th ere rnay b e a deep er ca use than I can easily see for t his compl ex. This i" a re la frrnl~- la.r ge 'rnrlcl , ancl P ,u erto Rico occu pi es a. rPlatin~l.v sma.11 portion of it. Our popula.tion , al thon gh large for the area occupiPcl , is still not so considerabl e in world figures. Our economy is small in proportion. Our fields of expansiou. if r estricted to th e strict sphere of our norm al activity wit.hin our bonnda.ries, b ecome so limited as to induce frustration. Likc the litte acorn , seed of th e mighty oak. ther e is nn overwhelming u rge to burst th e bouncls, t o MAJ. GENERAL PEDRO A. DEL VALLE It ha s been lon ely sometimes in my ca reer. N ot esca.pe from intolerable rest.riction. It C!mld well b e lonely in the sense of la cking friends ancl relatives. th at thi s is tlw explana.t.ion of the lonelines I haYe for those I have hacl in abnnclance. But lonely j¡~ sometimcs felt. I myself have bnrst t he h otrnds ancl the sense that my• associates can say : ' ' I come frorn haye song-ht. t o live my life in broader fi elds. But mm\,. of m,r contempora.ries, likewise born in Puerto the. Stat e of 'l'exas ( or Maine or Cali fo rnia , etc.) , " Rico, with <'q.ual and sorne with grea.ter abilities and wlule all I ca n say is that I come from Puerto Rico. c•a pacities, ha.ve not be0n so fortuna.te. l\1y JoneliIt is a small matter, perhaps. One cannot alwa:rs ness is for them. I would like to see th e pat.h cl ear ed have the i;,ame things as other people. But th e fa.et s() th a.t th ey, or others like th em, can forge ahead remaiús that I rl icl haw, ancl still feel sometimes, that and live bryond th e narro'' bounds which now form sense of. bEing alone. At. l\1ercersburg Aca demy , at tlwir horizon. I "·aiit all Pu erto Ri ean s to have nll Annapohs, and t hron ghout rny militry career I ha.ve the opportunities tbat I ha.el . Th0 0111~1 wa y they always fe lt a kincl of " lone \rnl f." Sub-consciously, ca n havr th em is by bein_!:!· ablf' t o sa~' : " I come from perhaps, I kept wishing a.11 th e time I could t hrow t he Sta.te of Puerto Rico. ' ' o,u t my chest and sa.v, " I come from the Statc of 'l'he persons who contrncl that th e S pani sh culPuerto Rico.'' ture ancl tra.d ition of Puerto Rico ar e in compatible I do ;10t believe that I haYe much of an inferiowith Statf'l10od in t.lw LT11itec1 St a.tes s0ern to h ave rity compl í~ x . In point of fact, it ma,,• be t he oth er .

OYC'rl ookf'd h \ O irnportant points.

Th e f irst point is way around, and I may be suffering from that malathat thi s country, while Anp;lo-Sa.xon in cnltnrf' ancl cly which in local verna cular has been called t he swelled head. Nor has anyt hing in t he cond nct of tradition, is mo;;t emph ati C'a.115~ not r igidly so. Wh at my frienél s a.nd associates, both in and ont of th e of th e nmny German s. F 1·p nch. Poles, Jew;;, Italians . miliary ser vic0, ever given me causr to b elieve that Dors not th 0ir enltnrr to ;;onw rxtrn t al readv how I was looked clown upon because I happened to be in tlw Unitf'd States of todav ? Can thr B riti~b come born in Pn6rto Ric"(). In this the American p eople lwre anrl find a r eplica of. tJwir own countrd T he an swrr is d Pfinit ely ?10 . The impa.ct. of all t hese are quite different from any other p eople that I other cultu res and tra cl itions bave macle a blend. Perknow of. I n t.he First World W ar I srrYed with the British Fleet , and I found th at Australia.ns in the

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EL ESTADO -

PUERTO RICO

13

MY NATIVE STATE OF ....

From paqe 11 this ~reat commtmity. And its men fou gh t in the hnps a blend which, as in the case of CDffee, is s.u- wars that carne along. pcri or to any single variety. A blend, mor eowr, Puerto Rico was t aken from Spain in 1898. But , t hnt li ns. per se, established the flexibility of the with a sensc of justice scarcely ever duplicated, t he • ol'i g-in nl c: nliure and its ability to absorb and assimi- United States also p aid Spain sorne indemni ty, a Jn tr ne" · ones. matter of sorne t}Venty millions, par t of which could P oint numb er t'rn has to do with another his- be called the purchase price of Puerto Rico. So we torical fact, perhaps even more pointedly applicable have and almost exact par allel, save only that P uerto our asp iration for stat ehood. The Louisiana Pur- to Hican rnlt.ure was almost entirely Spanish, inschase was concluded in ·1803. By that purchase the tead of Spanish-French. Yet after nearly a half TTnited States acquirecl Yast t erritories, but only the century of American occupation and association ; afportian now known as th e State of Louisiana inte- ter thousands_ c¿f _ou~· young p eople, now old, have r ests om· niscussion. For her e was th e center of cul- gone through American schooling; after two wars in . tu r e and population. And both wer e Latin. First whi ch our Puerto Rican youth has ser nd in American Spain , and th en France had left their blood and their uniform; 1.her e ar e still men both in Puer to Rico and Janguage in this part of th e New World. Was this on t he Cuntinent who call for ' ' independence. '' c.ultnre incompatible with the expanding United The time has come when every Puer to Rican States with its p redominantly A.uglo-Saxon culture ? must benJ every effort to bring about S tatehood.

Again the answer is definitely no. A.nd yet , in those Think, act, live for this ideal. Contribute your motimes, th e blendin g pr ocess had scarcely begun . The neJ', your time, your ener gy, .rour ability. And Ang-lo-Saxon culture "·as almost entirely pure, com- cease not in this endeavor . Like the old Roman par ed to its present condition . P erhaps sugar had Statesman who always concluded his speeches with not ~ret become so controversia! in those dayl>. Ap - the pbrase: " Carthage m11.st be destroyed;" let us par entl_v no Senator Tydings ar ose in the Senate of all, with the emphasis of r epetition conclude our let th at time to call for independence. The r ecord shmYs ters. speecbes, gr eetings etc., with the pbrase : "Puer sorne small agitation among the Latín die-hards t o Ri co must become a State_' ' ag-a inst fusion with the Union . But in 1812 t he Sta te P edro A. del Valle, of Lonsiana beca me a member in good standin g of Major General, United States Marines.

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EL ESTADO -

PUERTO RICO

15

LA COLONIA Por J. B. HUYKE

qn c Ja isla había siclo p osesión de los E stad os U nidos clrsd e r l ra n.i e d c> la s r a tifi ca cion es d r l T nitado ele Paz h asta 1900 en que fu er a aprob ada la carta. orf!':1111ca. " Desd e ese momento, a l d efinirse por el Con g reso el statns político el e los puertorri q neiíos, tTN N UEVO P l EBLO FUE CRE A DO. El Congr eso pudo anC'xar ~, no anexó ( tod a vía n o lo ha h ec.h o) n nest.ro t erritorio.

H a rían bi en nuestros h ombres p úbli cos en leer n11evarnentc el discurso clc> el e Diego. S e ver á en él qn r nuestro país no es colonia ~· no lo lrn siclo desd e q11 r r stá d entro ele los E .st aclos l nielo . E s tos l e dier on en seg,uicla nna posición de dignida d: cr ear on 1111 pnebl o. D e bi ego h abló d e est e mismo asunto en nuestra r:árnara el e d elega dos d onde tuYe l a ocasión el e oirle.

HON. JUAN B. HUYKE Abo o·aclo ; Ex-Comisionado . d e Educación y Ex-Presidente " d e la Comisión d e S er vi cio C il"il cfo Puerto Rico

Noto con fr ecu encia el t érmino "colonia " aplica do a Pu erto Ri co d en t ro cl e s u a ctual situa ción. L a inten ción es clara. D e esf' modo cref'n lograr interés p ar a :;;n cansa los qn f' pi en sa n en la 1·f' públir a o en el estad o. P ero no hay duela el e qne se lkva. al pueblo nu estro una idea errónea ele lo qne es actua 1mente nuf'stra isla. P ,u erto Ri co es una comunidad libre, no es una coloni a . Ti en e una carta orgáni ca lib er al quP ptwcl e ser má s liber a li za d a todavía. Sus limita cion es, qu e acaso fueron n f'cesa rias en el momento d e !;U aproba ción no lo son en la actual irl acl y el Co n ~Teso haría bien en eliminarlas.

Puerto R.ico es un a comunida d libre. Rigen aquí los principios d emocr áticos, t enf'mos un gobierno cl r ley con su p oclrr dividi do. U n e.i ecutivo qu e ej ec.uta las leyes. un legislativo qu e las hacr y un podrr jllCliC'i al q ue las inter preta.

J osé de Di ego, ilustre p uertorri qu eño cl efrnsor de la indep en d encia, habl ó sobrr est e asunto en- l\'fohon k La ke en 1013 .'/ ést as fnnon su s palabra s : Pn rrt o Ri co rs n n p aís f u era cl f' los K t aclos 1Tni1l o.. iin p,u ebl o au tóct ono una. na ción d e soh r ra nía limit ad a e interve ni da por VUf'st r o gob iern o. H izo enton r e>: una exposición de los motivos por los r nales 01 lo consid er a ba así. A nal izó los prerep tos clf' la carta orgánica (Ley Foraker ) y ll egó a la conclu sión el e

L11 rg'o la. lry J ones amplió las oportunida d es d e g'obirrno propio d el país cr eado y concedió a sus habitantes el privil egio d e ad quirir la ciudadanía ele los Estarl os Unid os. L a casi t o ta licla d d e nuestr a pohla ción aceptó el privileg·io. Tod os cr eímos en tonces quc> la :rnexi ón se habí a verificado con la a cep tación ele la cincla cl anía am erican a . L a Corte Supr em a d e los E stados Unidos d r r laró qu e para ell o er a n ecesario un n,uevo acto d el Con gr eso .

Y ést a c>s la situación art n al. F,st ncl i{m clola se ;-erá que no somos colonia. Som os 1111 p n ebl o lib r e. una. comm1idad d e eimh1 c1a nos am eri can os con una ca rta orgánica lib er a1. qnr p urdr ser m ás liber ali zad a toclaYía. i•J

Y ::mtf' no. otr0s rs f-:'111 a bi erta s arnpll mn en-

la s opor tunicl acle,.; cl el ponr ni r.

C uanll o se a prob ó el a r t a J o1ws . r_, nis 1\'In ñ oz RiYer a elijo ck ell a : P 0cl r c>mos Yi Yir d en tro el e ella librern cntr . T end r emos la p osr sión el e t oclos los resortf's cl el gobi erno ~' qn iz:'i s. q,11 izá s nos ron ven zamos al f in qn t' t al ley con al1?:11nns rn ocl ifira ciones , esté rn :'i i:; c>n armon ía con las cir r n n st a.ueias el e n n cst r o p aís .

Qni ú í. n o,;: ron ven p:a m i\ i:; qu e la repñbl iea o f'l est ado.

Pu erto R iro n o es c·oloni il . Fls n na com u n idad libre. S i st"' sonwti eran al p aí;:; fo r1m1!': d efin itivas en un pl rbi scito qu<' ofrec ier a t amb ir 11 la con tinuac ión de la a ct ual ley m od ifi ca d a . los p nertorr iqn eñ.os podría mos 1mmteu er d ign amen te' psta l r ,,~ en tanto ri:;tf' el p aís en condi ciones d e ser estado o repúbl ica. ; qu e ahora un a y otra f órrn,ula ofrecen muchas dificultad es.

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EL E STADO -

PUERTO RI CO

17

PJ.\ L~\ B R~\S O RO

H ON. BOLIVAR PAGAN

Abogado. Senador y Presidente del P art.id o Socialist.a de Puer t o Rico

"La E stadidad es la soberanía, d entro de la común sobera nía de los E stados Un idos de América.

La E stadidctd es la legislatura insul ar electa por los p uertorriqueños ; es el poder ejecutivo electo por los puer torriqueños; es toda la rama judicria l electa o designada por los puertorriqueños; es el gobierno propio completo; es Puerto Rico par a los p,uertorriq neños. La E stadidad es la garantía constitucional de un gobierno r epublicano y democrático. La E stadidad es la dignidad plena, que satisfa ce al org·ullo del hombr e. La E stafüdad es t ambién Puerto Hico participando con los sufragios de nu estr o p ueblo en

la elec-ciól1 del Presidente de E stados Unidos; es Puerto .Rico participan do con dos senadores y• siete r epresentant es, con plenos der echos y prerrog;aiiY1l.-:, en el Congreso el e E stados Un idos; es Puerto Ri co decidiendo, con sus homb res representatiyos, los clest i nos ele E stados Uni dos ~- del mundo; y

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Rico, co n su aliento y su alma, decidiendo el futuro de la bu mani d.ad."

l. -p á rrafo de un artículo recientemente escrito por el

Ledo. Bolívar Pa.gán en el diario EL MUNDO .

18

EL E ST AD_O -

PUERTO RICO

THE CLOUDS ARE LOW ,-i ce of the United States, 153,727 in total of which 61 ,122 were chin ese, 25 ,742 Jap anese, 29 ,834 I-Iawaiians, 7,835 part H awaii ans, 28,533 Ameri cans 407 South Sea Islanders and 254 Negros. All these ra ces clicl not matter \\·hen an emergency carne fo rth In 1 897 Spain promisecl home rule to Cuba ancl i·eform. Unfortunately the battleship 1\Iaine. \rhil e at anchor at Hava.na harbar, was blown up by an explossion, the r eal cause of which , has n eYer been ascertained.

Spain immecliately urged inYestigation by an impartial tribunal and arbitration .

The United States declined both; not in this case co nlcl th er e be arbitration, J•et an Am erica n inyestigatin g board announ cecl on l\Iar ch 28 that th e ship had been blown up from the outside. A Spanish board, which was not p ermittecl to Yisit the ship a nd which had io judge from the ontsicl e, announced that th r ship hacl been blo\\·n up b? an intern al exp losion.

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Subsequently the ship -- was towed out to sea and su nk so deep that no commission will ewr decide \rhether t he ship was blown from the inside, or from th e outside and if from th e outside, if it \\·er e Cubans or Spaniarcls th e ones who bl ew her ,u p.

DR . JOSE C. FERRER

Veteran World War l . Studied under Dr. Hugh H. Young.

Past President Puerto Rico Medical Ass., etc., etc.

The ink was wet on the signatures that sealecl the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on F ebruary 2, 1848 when news were spread to the p eople of the United St~,tes, that gold has been discovered iD California. On J une 14th of the previous y'ear , some American settlers in t:b e Sacramento Valley raisecl the flag of revolt and declared their indepenclence.

California in 1849 had written its freedom into its new constitution when Henry Clay submitted to t he Congress, the admission of t he Golden Republic as a "free state of the Union."

Once and for all t be Nation laid out its final boundaries. Once and for all tbe cloor was closed to iotrndei-s; once ancl for all Continenta l United States appeared in the rnap as an extension of territol'y bounde<l b.v the Atlantir, the Pacifi c, tbe Rio Grande and friendly Canada.

The great conquesf: ltad lH'<'n achieved; l\ifexico hacl been looted and oncr again might was held supreme over right.

An incorporated t erritory was made of Hawaii in 1900. Hawaii tben liad popttlation of 154.000, deducting 274 persons in military and naval ser-

Assistant Secretary of NaY~', Theodore RooseYelt, explocl ed; H earst paper s \\-e nt mad ancl all demanded that the Spaniards be driven from the New World . M:r. Me Kinley was for peace, bnt \rn s afraicl tha.t the Republi can Party wonlcl b e disrrupted if he acted in goocl fa ith. It is kn o'rn that Genrra l Woodford cable to M:c Kin'ley '"ithin forty-eight hours, that Spain kne\v that Cuba was lost., and that she was willing to let her go and do everything possible to placate th e United States as r apidly as p os ibl e.

Shortly· afier, Woodford again cabled Me JGnlev that on August -!si the acquiescence of Spain in eith er th e independen ce of Cuba, or its annexation to the United Sta.tes ancl tha.t Spain was loyally r ea dy to make any concesions. On the next da.y after receiving the cab le, Me Kinley sent a message to Congress askin g fo r a declara.tion of war.

Once t he war was over senator Henry Cabbot Lodge wrote to bis friend Teddy. "We intended to ha.ve Porto Rico, and t he administration is now fulJ:•;; commited to the la.rge policy we two cl esired. '' Oct. l st peace commissions met in París. Cuba receivecl her independence, $20,000,000, or $2 for each F illi pino was paid by the United States to

To page 19

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EL ESTADO -

PUERTO RICO

19

THE CLOUDS ARE LOW From page 18 to be capa ble of governing th emsel ves; these people, Spain ; Puerto Rico was ceaded as t he plum of the this t erritory can choose no hope of ever being confishing line. sider ed as an A~erican sub sidiar y mrnn and wher e, Nearly a million p eople 'Yere added to the Unit- to-da:r we sustain a n American cit izenship , a special ed Sta tes from Puedo Rico alone. One million " Lit- type of citizenship that does n ot carry \\'ith it even tl e Bro' rn B r o th e r~· ' as l\Ir. Taft, called ns. One t he prerr ogatives of t be n ationalized. milli on <:: iYili zed p eopl e with a tremendous cultural ·wh cn t he colonial p o sessions bad been made ap ba ckgr ou nd. One million Lit tl e Brown P eopl e, who pendicies to t he United States, it "·as to be un derstood having r eceived self govermu ent from Spain , after t ha t the aJministration of each dep enden t territor y tlt ~ concession of the Alitonomic Charter wellcome was to be based upon, or emb race, t be folloí\ing es\Yith open arms, th eir new conquerors, their n ew mas- sential p rinciples : First, the admi nistr ation of each ters ,d10se business it was to give us a form of govdepencl ent t erritory should b e with t he Yieí\ to it s ernment not b~· the consent of the governed . º'" n benefit or advancement, an d in no " ª.Y- as a F or oYer a year and a balf we were 'iorcecl to constitutin g· field for exploitation in t he interest of indnre ancl army r egirne. It was n ot until 1\fay l st the moth 2r country.

S-econdly, conferrin g ,u pon 1900 whcn P orto Rico ( even t he n ame was changed ) each territ ory t he largest measure of self goYernment 1rns gr anted a Civil form of govermnent. th at t he C('nditions and ch aract er of tfie inbabitants B.r t he acquisitions r esultant from the Sp anish r ender ed f easible; and finall y the ultim a te incorpoAmeri can ·w ar , tb e United Sta.tes beca.me an empire. r ation of th e t erritory into the U. S . as a Stat e or '"l'h e 1\Iodern Roma u Empire' ·, denouncecl by th e Sta.tes of the Union. "coordina te in all r espec1s with Democrats in the sec·ond 1\Ic ICinley campaign fo r those of other Sta tes'', an d as soon as the conélitions prevailing in it, sufficiently approximate those in the th e presidency.

United Sta t es.

In 1901 the question of wiieth er the Constitution In the case of n on-contiguos t er r itofollows,..the flag was decidecl b,y• the Supreme Cour t ries, '' if t heir inbabitants woul d not desire definite of t he Unitecl Sta.tes. Five votes for the n ays, fou r in corpor ation into the Union," tbe. grant to them of for t he affirmatiw . E ven the five negatives votes, differ ed as to the r ea.son by which they had arrived th at measnre of auton omy or independence which to their partial un animity. Thus Puerto Rico was th ey b e fiU ed to enjoy and which conditions r ender declarecl a territor )' appurtenant to but n ot a pa r t of safe, wonld be t he main obj ect of the Congress. the Unit ed S tates; and ' \'e quote 1\'.Ir . Jnstice B rom1 as Congr ess has the power to rule over territories pa r odied sayin g '' Th e d ecision was handed clown by and other prop erti es. Has the Congress ever looked the ni ne justices, dissentin g from me and each other. " towards 11s in a protective measure ~ How much in.

Two civilizations had come t ogether. Th e new terest has had Congr es r eflected toward Puerto Rico p atroons " ·ere Anglo Saxon; t he conquer ecl a I.iatin and its people? The ansí\er is obvious. 1\1illio.ns of people of catholic fa ith, steep ed in Spanish tradi- dollar s havc been poured into this island. 1\fiilio.ns t ions ancl adorned by European culture. Under- of discrimi nating dollars have been í\aisted on t he stancli ng arn ong t he t wo cr eeds " ·as diffic.ult fo r the ' ' L ittle Br own Brot hers"; b,u t have we ever felt the Anglo Saxons ; t he Latins born and raised in an is- ,rn rrnth of t heir paternal hearts ? Have we ever been consider ed. t heir equals from an American st and point land inhabited by t he Arawaks, con t inued to e:s:pose t heir traditional hospitality, sincere friendship an d of vien·. A million times no. W e haYe been humi lia submisive trends. The humble Arawaks wer e on tbe ted, we have been called names, we have b een rnocked , verge of being con queí·ed by the Carib es when t he we han> often felt the bile of their-hatred; to sorne Spaniarcls conqu ered t hem both. W hen the Span- of them we are o,u tcasts who deserYe no better luck iards had granted autonomy to P uerto Rico, wh-en the than be drom1ec1 in t he tepid waters of the Caribislanders were set on t he same plane of government bean . with the Cortes of Madrid, wñen Puerto Rico was l\lillions of dollars haYe been poured into our conceeded r epresentati vesc with voice and vote to the island. Yes tbe~r ha.ve bren sent over here but tbe Cortes; the Americans conquered t he Spaniards and inoney has g-one back to big business firms in 0011Puerto Rico became a colony to the United Sta.tes. tincnta 1 United Sta tes. The Fec1era1 GoYernment has Imperialistic policy' finds itself possessed in a t e- an open bank account in the island . Tbe money conws rritory after forty-eight years of ocupation by con - here as a deposit and is immed-iately' draftcd to the tinental Americans. This is a territory occupied by contin ental monsters of finance. a people who beyond any speck of doubt have proven To page 23

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PUERTO RICO

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La Estadídad no es una Bicoca después que se convenza de que no nos n ece9ita para nada -¡para nada ! -, en el campo internacional, . e.orno parte integrante ele su conjunto naeional. Por fortuna para el ponenir ele los portorriqueños, Estados Unidos no se desprenderá de nosotros, porqne no llegart1 jamás el mom ento d e placidez ir;t ernacional en qnc nuestra na ción purda darle un corte de clos millorn's a su matrícnla de ciudadanos ~· disponer se a tratar con nosotros por condu cto de los diplomáticos de su Departamento de E stado, en vez de continuar l1ac i1~nrlolo por ln YÍ Rs clirPrtas rn qne se tramitan los asuntos drl Gobierno dr W ashington ~' del g·obirrno dr los Estados o de los territorios 1 posrsiones.

Y el pueblo america no n os dará la E stadida.d--que es la cosa lógica qu e tiene que da-rnos y que n os dará, más tarde o mñ s temprano- c,uando esté convencido éle que los dos millones de ciudadanos americanos que habemos Pn Pnrrto Riro somos dignos y merecedores de la É starlicl ad . Ahora, en estos momentos, nosotros los portorriqnrños poctremos creernos dignüs y me-rrcedores de la Estacliclad. p ero no deb emos perder de vista la r ealidad cl r qnc son ellos. los americanos, quienes van a decidir si lo somos o no. Y en los últimos 111 años. han suced ido bastanRAFAEL RIVERA SANTIAGO tes cosas f'n Puerto Rico para que los no-rteamericaEscritor, 110eta y literato nos, se acerquen con ca utela y hasta con suspicacia al escrutinio de la actitud espir itual de los portorriEn r eciente artículo , he dicho más o menos que queños r especto de la bandera q,ue los cobij a y de la el logro de h1 soberanía ele un pueblo es algo costoso rindadanía. que es su fe de bautismo internacional. en dinero , sosiego y sangre. Con ello, quise enfatiLa E st.adidad no es una bicoca. Bicoca ''es c·ozar mi observación de que el cam ino de la autonomía sa de poca estima y aprecio". I1a Est.adidad no es política ele Puerto Rico es una cuesta empin ada , es- eso. Como t ampoco lo PS la Independencia. Como prcie de Yiacr ncis alfombrado de espinas. tamporo lo ps el domini o. Pero, la Estadidad sobre Ese camino habrá ele srr el mismo si se trata ele todo, no es un a · biroN1 . Es cosa muy grande. Es la Estaclidad, qu e si se trata de la Independencia, un premio muy l!Ordo. Es una. belleza deslumbradora que si se trata del Dominio; sólo que, en el caso de -por eso es que muchos no aciertan a percatarse de la Estadidr,d, las espin as ~' las pendientes del cami- su bell eza. Es nna dignidad suprema- por eso los patanes la deni gTa n. E.s la paz internacional y la no son de di stinta natura leza que las pendientes y las espinas del cami no el e la Tnct epencl rn cia :'- cl el ca- trflnquilidad doméstica-por eso los díscolos se mofa n ele rlla.. Es la garantía de los derechos civiles: mino del Dominio .

E l pn ebl o amerieano nos dará el Dominio. cles- el seg-nro de vida. contra dicta<lores y· tiranos-por pnrs qn e drscc hr las otra s clos formas de soher a nía eso lo li.beralotes ~- ra<licales, r eaccionarios contra la. p olíti ca ·- E stado o Tndepend r ncia- , y de. purs qne li bertad y la. dig-nida<l del individ,u o, no la propician se co1wenza de qne la falta de precedent e jn 1·íclí ro no ~' la alejan. para no tf'n r r que a justarse a. sus discies nn obs1árnl o fu ndamental (sino más bi en 111 pre- r l in as democráticas.

Hay qn f' echar se por los caminos. trr p1u· a las t exto f abri cado) par a qm a Puer to Rico se le consmonta ña s, ll egarse a los barrios. r eunirse con el p uetitn ~· a en Estado asociarlo de los Es tados Unidos, sigui enrl o m(1 <c; o menos el pa1Tón el e los dominios bri- blo en los pnehl os y' r eali zar ·lab or ronsta111'c e infatig·able ele edncar ión , infor ma ción y rl rsperta mi e.nto de táni cos.

El pueblo americano nos dar á la Independencia,

Pasa a la pag. 23

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EL ESTADO

23

TH·E CLOUDS ARE LOW From page 19 It has ahrnys been a question of " how mnch ".

We did not. ask to be absoned by th e Unit ed Statcs.

Puerto Rico mis ceadcd by Spa in iu a wa t• of conqurst. \Y<'. haYe nlwn~-s bcen loynl Americans. Onr blood lrns ahvays b een at thc disposal of thP U nit rd St.ates. Our people have fo.n ght fo r thc Unitecl S tat.rs. cxpecting nothing for it, but have fonp:ht as good Amrr'icnns and as a dut:\· as Americflns. " These Little Brom1 Brot.hers of the Slmns."

So: are we going to continnnll.\- be ignmwl b~­ th e Congrrss? Are wc not to be consider cd Americans bernnsr we Hr of lJatin stock ? Can we not be ca thol ics a nd good Amcricans nt the sa mc time ? lt is n¡_; to Congress to r ememb er tlrnt. as citizcns of the United S tntes, that " ·e ar e. "·e haYc ehildren born from Americnn parcn ts in an American Tcrritory. Onr child ren are native born cit.izens of th e {Tnitecl f:tntrs: th ey arr not citizcns throngh an Act of CongTcss. Still this territor~· is tab oed to brcomc a Statr of t.h c Union.

Tf th •' poliC'>· of thc Unite<l States hns becn to arhievr T rrritoria 1 cxpansion an<l then to try to get riil of its trrritories for th e simple rrason that the~' are a bnrclen to thc Federal Treasnry, why in the Holy nam e of Go<l di<l t hey pnrchase th r Virp:in TslAnds 7 " Why does not Hawnii r eturn to her frce<lom ?

Wh,v... why must we b e t he g·oa t ? It hn rts.

W e <lon 't waut to loose faith . W e do not ag-rce

wit.h the wordin g of Albert J . BeYeridge TI"hen in his oration i n 1808. and as a cong1·essman, he stat cd: Jt is n glori ous hi stor~· onr God has bestowed upon His chosen p ropl e. Has t.h e Almight_\' Fnther endowcd ns with gifts beyond our deserts and marked us as the people of hi s peculiar fwrnr, m e reJ~r to rot in our own selfislmess, etc .. Pte. That was thirty ~-rars beforc Hitler ; Hitler 's snpcri or prople.

In th e prineipl es of democracy. there is onJ.' · one ' rny out ; goYerrnnent must be wit h tbe eonsPnt. of th e goYerne<l. Perhaps I mnst b e satisf ied with thc phrasing b5• Dani el \Yebster :. "Sir, your eyes and min e are never clestined to see that mira ele."

Not as long as th e ea::dc nosed Senator "·ho went fishing for small stakes. n ear HA VRE DE GR AC E., and got himself a. WHALE, r emains as PresidPnt of th e Comrnittee on Insular Affairs.

Historial. i·cf ere11ces : T cr ritor?°es & Depe11dcnáes of the U11ded Sta.tes -Th efr Gov er111ne11t and Admú11'.stratio11- by W1'lUam Fra11klin Willou.ghby.

P1·om "American Sta.t e S eries - Cenhrry Com:p

-1905 2-Tlw Ep1·c of American History-by Jam es Tru slO?.l' Adams-1932.

3-M odern .Eloqnence, Vol. 11 Hútorfra l il!a.st ervieces- Arnerica.ns.

EL ESTADO NO ES UNA BICOCA Viene de la pag. 21 Jos dos millones de ciudadano america nos ele P,uerto Rico, para que el pueblo aprenda -¡aprenda.!- a ama r Y' desear la Estadidad; para que el pu eblo se sienta. .urgido tremendamente de la necesidad de la Estadidad, para exaltarse en su gran<leza, disfrutar su premio gordo, extasiarse ante su belleza, revestirse dr sn dig·n i<lad suprema y escudarse en sus garantías.

La Estadidad no es una bicoca.

IJa Estadidad no cae del cielo, como la lluvia.

La Estadidad no mana de las entrañas de la tierrar, como las aguas subterráneas.

La. Estadidad es como una orquídea. rarísima a la que hay que cultivar en el cerebro y en el eorazón, ,\•, <;obre todo, alimentarla con un producto del c:orazón y del cerebro qne se llama lealtad.

La. Estadida<l cuesta. En sosiego, sangre y dinero. No se nos da como mu,ier f ácil. No se nos prodiga como el sol tropical Ila~' q ne ir a. buscarla al

Norte; y en el Norte hace frío, por lo qne es menester estar preparados para sus rigores.

La Ests.didad no es unabicoca ...

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KL E S T A DO

PUERTO RICO

25

Blunders of Legíslatíve ,Commísíon ·

M R . CARLOS J. BENITEZ J ournalist

A delega tion of tbe Puer to R ican 1egis1ature spent two rn onths an d rn any tb onsa n ds of dollar s in ·washi ngton presum ab ly tn·in g to int rrrst th e Co ngr ess of t he United St ates, or at least, sorne outstanding· cong rcssmen and senator s in t he solnt ion of "·l1a t seems n ow to b e P uer to Ri co's No. 1 p r oblPm: a change in t he politi.cal status.

Wh en t h e Cornrn ission left San <Tna n it " ·n!': r1Par to ewryb od~r , nnd to its membcrs a!': ' 'rll , th at thc tim e ' rns i. ot t he right one to ca 11 0 11 Congrrss w ith such a problrm. Roth honscs of the United Statrs legi>:latnrE' \rere b u s~' \rith bitter controversial debate a nd "must" legislatio n th nt hfld to be clea r ed before recess dat e. Y rt, t he Prn' r t o Rica n solons went to the nat ion 's capital with ho¡ws th at sonwthing would be attained.

B nt Congress wa. littli? ÍJü1?rest1?cl in p oli tica l status at t h c time. and ou l,v one senator. Mar.vln n cl 's Democrat Mill arcl E. '11 ycl in gs , showecl sorn e i ntl?r est on the qu est ion. But, was Srnator T ycl in ¡:rn inter1?St1?d ? He wanted, ancl open lY cl eclared it. t o intro duce a bill whereby Puerto Ricans conld only sele-ct b etween hrn a lternat.ives: ind epen den cr or st.a tn s quo.

By so ¡¡cting, Tydings was not operating with interest in tb e "·elfare of the maj ority of tbe people

of th e island. but rath rr showin g a marked personal antipathy for the people as a whole. Bnt, why sho,u ld

Sen ator Ty din gs t ak e upon himself th e r esponsibility of assuming the spokesmanship for Con gr ess and t h e r ight to d eC:ide wh fa t t he p eopl e sh oi1ld h a.ve in th e rnatter of p ermaneu t polit ical statüs ~ And if h e d id assu me t h at r esponsibility, as chairman of the Sen at e Territories and Insul ar P ossessions Committee. why• n ot act according to democr a.tic prin ci ples and give t h e t wo million American citizens of t he i"slan d t he ch ance to select tbe form of govermrnmt t hey c1esire, in a referendum in cludiug all t h c n ltem ativrs irÍ line with the American idea 1s of democr acy a.n d liber ty ? · Th e P i:erto Rican L egislative Commission certai n ly blunder ed when its memb er s relied on a man, like T:vdings, wh o woul d satisfy a personal grudge by sacrificing th e righ ts of two million people to ha.ve t he kind of government t h ey wa.nt.

During the wh ole stay of the Commission in W ash., T ydings maintained h is obstínate attitude of muy being willing to consider independence as the only ch ange possible, if any, in the polit iC'al status of the island . Y et, L uis Muñoz Ma.rín, :who headed the Commi ssion , an d most of t h e others members, k ept after the l\farylan d senator who was adamant in his attitu de. Why not leave Tydings alone and .u se t h e t ime and efforts of the Commission somewhere else 1 Or " ·hy not return at once to the island and saw th e mon ey which was being spent unnecessaril~r? This was bhmder n umber two.

Blunder numb er three was the tactless approach of M~ñoz l\farín and sorne of bis foll owers in not coming· out in t he open ''ith what they really wanted.

Mnñoz 1\1arin, for on<-', during bis whole sojourn in the nation 's capital , insisted on taUdng in riddles instead of t elling the members of Congress what h e wanted or thou ght best for the island and its inhabi tants. And it is a fa.et that no one can get anyt hing- from Congress-part.icularly on a vital question such as politica1 status- if th e demand is not made c·l early and witbout reservations. Muñoz certainly did not :;;peak clearly, and it is obvious t hat when J1e Rpoke he made too many< reserva.tions to warrant any action by Congress even if that body had b een rertd} a nd willing to act.

The:::e bl.unders and some minor ones on the part

0t th c C'omrni ss;ion and its spokesman are responsib le for th e complete and e:s:pected failure of the recent effort made to solve Puerto Rico's polit.ical problem.

It is to be hoped that ne:s:t time tbese errors sbal1 not be repeated.

PARA TELAS Y CARTERAS

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Casa Escandon

Apartado 675

Telefono 373 2

De Diego esq. Brumbaugh

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EL EST .A.DO -

1

PUERTO RICO

'27

Wríte for Continental ·Amerícans

A Congressman's outburst of revenge. What should be known, might UNDISCLOSED. In 1936, aforemeiüioned senator, as it appears in th e Congressional Record, pp. 5925-27, expressed plainl~, : " Th er e are otber r easons ... which impel the introcluctil)n of the measure at this time. First of all, the ehief of police was r ecen tly assassinated in Puerto R.ico. " It is clearly r eYealed that he wants to get riel of " that " people. We are quite sure that another would be the c;ourse of his mind, in regard to this Caribbean possession, if the late colonel were al ive. H e whimsically overlooks the conclusions arrived . b~· thf' U. S. Tariff Commission 's expert, Ben Dorfman, who made a so,u nd report, at the senator's r equest, of th e far r eachin g effects and rep ercussions inclependen ce will bring to th e island in the social MR. ANGEL F. DELGADO · a nd cconomic structures.

Po1·to Rican poet and writer Those unfortunate days of political restlessness, For quite a long· time pro-statehooclers have been are r eC'a lled, when ardent " independentistas" (meansupporting for th·e island t he icl enl of perman ent ing those in favor of independence) were at the apoassociation to Uncle Sam as the most conveni ent fi- gee of th eir written and personal campaign and pronality to settle our political stat us. Thr,u the press, pa gand a, all over the island and abroad, and the adradio, personal propaganda of ever y sort and other vocates of the continuation of thr American flag on means available we llave not halted our pleas in fa - our soíl could not speak quite at liberty, not even vor of statehoocl. write or in sorne way express against them, without an H er e and there, the fight has been harcl on be- apprehension of bodily hurt. P erhaps our ' ' good half of this cause, and will not give up our arms in friend" from Mary'land knows that pretty well ... this long and bitter struggle for our final status His despisal towards us is great, but in any way under the stars and stripes, as ours is a goal basecl greater than ours for him, not on account that he i"' on justice for these loyal american citize11 s.. . 'rhe a continental anu we ar e Puerto Rica.ns, but on the reasons why we should not discour age a bit in going gr ound th at ( dislikes him) we are American citizens along with this patriotic undertaking ar e numer ons. and under the Constitution we all have the sa.me Nothing will draw us back. The balance of conve- rights, regardless of the place of birth.

On the other hand , we appreciate and keep a nienC'e is Gn our side, as was so, not a long tim e ago, for the citizens of California, New M:exico and otber hrartiest gratitude to seantors Chavez (N. M.) and Langer (S. D.) for t heir hear t-to-heart, disinterested territories now sta.te of th e Union. and patriotiC' backing to our cause.. Both congressAs we st and for a practica] ideal, not an uthopy'. rn en introduced sta tehood bills in the Sena.te, b eing long aclvocated by the' gr eat majority of the P nerto ab solutely convinced tha,t becom ing a state, on the Rícan,,, and whereas a great numb er of füem ha.ve ~amr footing as New Mexico, South Dakota, etc .. ., fought for the cause of the United Na tions, 1rith in Puerto Riro wil enjo~r forf'ver the upmost degree o:f the U. S., we consider worthy of being treated as part of th e whole american comunity. For this and other unthreatened liberty aud coustitutional blessings. r easons, that will b e known further, a senator from II l\farylanrl is as small as a el warf in co1np1niso11 with our cause. Anél now that he is mentioneél, I shoulcl say somethin g.

Indepeudence supporters have long stated unWe éleem l\fr. Tyding's ontbmst of reYenge i rr- souncl reasonings, incapable of resisting the slightest sultant of the fact that he hates ns, and his dose of analysis. It jg not quite a good argument the friend, the late Col. Riggs, formerly Chief of the fact that we are outlying (non.continental contiuuiInsular Police, was assassinated by advocates of inty) , and djffrr in ra0e, language and customs. No dependen.;e. By the wai, Maryland shonld not be consideration was given, thru the territorial expana state of the Union, in attention that J ohn Wilkes sion o:f the great U. S. rep,ublic, to the doctrines of Booth was Lincoln 's assassin.

To page 29

EL ESTADO -

PUERTO RICO

29

1 WRITE FOR CONTINENTALS ...

From page 27 of living. " The economic reasoning is that ;unless we territorial contiguity and r acial homogeneity. The offer the same price to prospective purchaser s, we J;rng·uage and racial prececlentis were not strictly cannot enter into competition. Otherwise, l'i·e had followed " ·ith the admission of New Me:s:ico, Texas, to use sugar sweeten the Ca ribb ean ; Florida and California, as n ew states of the Union.

W e ha Ye no industries, nor the prime matter Puerto Rico as a state would not lose its Spanish for these. The industries nol'i· operating could not heritage. be considered as standing upon a permanent base Besid rs, 'rhen Ca lifornia asked for admission to capa ble of maintaining wholy the island 's economy. th e Union, the gallant stateman, Daniel Webster, op- Industrial possibilities are not promissing, indeed, posecl vigoronsly, uttering that the people of this due to the absence of capital wit.h investing incentiYe, territory cl id not worth a dolla.r. Statehoocl was de- costly cultural practices, low productiYe scale of tbe n ied eight times to !Cansas; and when the r epublic soil, unless be fertilized utmostl~' , etc. .. T he island or Texas &sked a.clmission, had the opposition of the has an a-vera.ge of almost 600 p ersonas per squa r e mile New E ngland Sta.tes... So, can we care too much and only half of it is susceptible of cultivation; for Tydings' denia l of our rights as American citiTo whom could we sell our sca r se production ~ zens and his wrong idea t hat the island 's presing Witho, u t protective tariff. problems sha U be settled sol el y thru independence status ? As he is absolutely mistaken, assuming, of About $500,000,000, as th e contribution oí_ t he course, thnt he is proceeding in good faith , we, dress- Federal Government for education, public health, ed with Lot 's patience, will no longer pay any at- agricultural researCh, et c... has been r eceiYed, and tention to his "friendy" attitudes and utteran ces, with independence we will lose a ll the e ' ' lovely denoting something more t han a gross ignorance of gifts''. our economic reality. We should care fo r something W e would not acept independence, not even with more va.luable. "benefitial trade treatment' ', considering t hat t his A great mental effort is not necessary to set heedless-catching phrase does not involYe steadY ecoforth sorne of the r easons why' we favor a. form of nomic security to two million American citizens. This government that links us permanently to the States should not be construed in the sense that we bate and compatible with o,u r citizenship. See: independence with economic security, but that we would accept such status, provided such economic w·e are American citizens, by virtue of an Act security is based upon a self-support111g aspect and of Congress of 1917, and as such we have the right not as a dole for a stated time. And Puerto Rico, to the best of aspirations as to our political standing. nnfortunately, is out of tbis scope ... within the Union; Furthermore, all continental Americans ar e Being the sugar industry the basis of our econo- aware of the islana 's contribution to the war effort rny, once we are sent adrift, we could not enter into and after all th e sacrifices undergone by tho,usands competition with Cuba. The reason is well known of Puerto Rica.ns in battlefronts all over the world, to Cub an, Puerto Rican and continental-american so, is there any reason why Puerto Rico should not sugar produeers: the yea rly output of suga.r will be br a state of the Union ~ greater to that of the island, considering th e vast We have been praying ea!·nestly, and will conproductive area planted of this product, low cos t of tinue, that American citizens of tbis possesion approduction, and consequently its low price in tbe purtenant to U . S. be given the same opportuniti<'s to rn a.rket. Not only U. S. but the co,u ntries interested in purchasing sugar will buy at the cheapest mar- economic prosperit3; and political independen ce unket. In the long run, our sugar industry is supposed der the constitutional system of th e rountry ot .Tetto disappear. For the local consumption a central fcrson, Lee and Lincoln, as those giwn t o its other is more than enough. Perhaps, to buy' sugar from forty-eight members, who enjoy a r epublican fo rro the sister antille would be more profitable. Fmther- of government within a powerfull a sociation with more, t he cuban laborers earn low wages in compari- guarantees of its sovereignty . son to o.u rs, and, of course, would not work for less Can we have the p rivilege of t rusting in our pay than ordinarily', on account of their high standard fellow c<itizens of the Cap itol st uff at D. C.?

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E L ESTADO -

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P UERTO RICO

RESOLUCION para expresar la co11dol.e11cia ele la A sociación de Pi·ocl11ctorcs de A z1íca.r de Pnerto Rico con rn.oMvo d el fall ecúniento de don Genaro Cantifio I ns{rn.

POR Cl'.\ 1\''fü, Ll on Ccnaro Ca.utiño J nsúa ded i¡·Ó toda s u Yid n, como ng ri cultor, a l m Pjoram icnt o

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clPL agrn p uertorriqueño

DON GENAR.O CAUT:ffiO INSUA

POR CUANTO, don Genaro Caut iño lnsúa, como eondueiío de la Central Guamaní, Guayama , b r indó a la Asociación de Prod uet ores de Az úcar d e P 11er to Rico su dinam ismo e in telig'encia, flesde que la \ sociación de Prod nctorrs 1l r Azúca r come nzó n labor:n pc1r una i nd nstria azncarern próspera que pnd irra

sc·rvir de gr:ra n tín. a la eco nomía el e nuestro p ncblo; POR CUANTO, don Genaro Cantiño Insúa se

l.

Hacer constar en el acta de ésta la primera

r eunión que celebra la Junta de Directores de la Asociación de Productores de Azúcar después del fallecimiento de don Genaro Oautiño en ma yo 1 de 1!)46, la condolencia de la Asociación Y' sus mi embros

por la pérdida que para todos r epresenta la muerte Llel comp añero y amigo don Genaro Oaut iño Insúa; y 2.

Testimoniar a los disting,uidos deudos de don

cl cstacó, además, como .u n cindadano de extraordina -

Genaro Cautiño In úa el pésame de l a Asociacrión de

r íos méritos por ·us l uchas en favor y en defensa

Prod uetores de Azúcar de Puerto Rico.

de los intereses ge neral es de la comunidad puerto-

En San Juan, Puerto Rico, a 27 de mayo de 1946.

rriqueña; Certifico, J. 111. Rfos.

Secretario.

POR 'T'J\N'l'O , RESUELVE SE por la ,Tnnta clr Directores de la Asociación de Productores ele Azúcar de Puerto Rico, r eunida en sesión ordinaria mensual el lunes 27 de mayo de 1946:

Vo. Bo. Marcelo J. Obén, Presidente.

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Fabricaintes de proyectores para teatros, con cabeza sonora fija de precisión, y una línea completa de material cinematográfico

Por la co1Tección de su diseño, la precisión de su construcción y su magnifica actuación; estos proyectores y otros sl.mllares han obtenido para DeVry cinco veces consecutivas la "E" por excelencia del Ejército y la Arma_ da. El resultado para usted es un proyector que exce<le en todos sus aspectos los standards comerciales existentes anteriormente.

Agentes y Distribluidores Exclusivos MUXO & SALGADO P. O . Box 4806

San Juan, Puerto Rico

EL ESTADO -

PUERTO RICO

33

ERRORS The following errors in printing were escaped in the speech delivered by attorney José A. Po-

ventud, before the third Pro-Statehood Congress, that appeared in our last issue. W e asked Mr. Povcntud for his excuses.

In the second paragraph, line sixth should read: '' sound, favorable judgment ,upon a momentous pro-'' In t.he third paragraph, line eleventh should read: '" an old order and the rise of men with lib ert.y, equa-" In tbe fourth paragraph, line eighteenth should read: '' er..couraged not only as a partisan issue, but mainly" In paragraph eleven, linde third should read: ''American sovereignt? is witbdrawn, Congress cons-'' In the same paragraph, line nineth should r ead: "for eclosed b.v judicial pronouncements.

The Chief" In paragraph fiftern, thr second line should read : "social welfare would, m fact , be strengthened. This is'' In paragraph eighteen, lines seven and eight, should r ead : '' ship. In 1917, President Wilson secured for .u s that signal prerrogative. And still in 1943, Press Roose-" In the same paragraph, line eleven should read : "recognize the rights of all citizens "whether conti-"

In paragraph twenty, line fifteen should read: "states. President Polk eYen offered Spain $100,000,000'' .. I u paragraph twenty-one, line four should rea.el: "rated. And incorporation is an important though'' In paragraph twenty-three, line fin should read: "not be far awa.y'. One of the fundamentals for which'' In the same paragraph, line seven should read: ")i"ation, was the self-eYident truth recited in the" In paragraph should read :

twenty-eight,

tbe secoild

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"and goYernment is t he full protection of tis citizenry" In the same paragraph, the following lines should r ead: Line five: '' title ever y American to worship as he will, to speak'' Line seven: '' chilclren, choose his own actitvities, to go unmolestecl '' Line nine: '' station in life to the higbest public position, regard-'' In paragraph twenty-nine, line second should read: '' you to use this mass-meeting as the occa.sion for r e-"

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COMPAÑIA MARITIMA MORENO LE PRESENTA PARTE ·oE -Sl:JS ARTICULOS EN VENTA: Alambre Flexible de Acero Arandelas Brea Pura Baterías para Autos, etc.

BANDERAS AMERICANAS Bombas para agua Brújulas Cerrad,uras de Picaporte .

Cáñamo Cartón para techar Cola de varias clases Candados Carretillas para Centrales Cadenas galvanizadas Efectos para botes de vela o. motor Estopa Encerados Estaño f Extinguidores de uego Faroles gasolina "Sun Flame" 3-0MAS Y TUBOS GOODYEAR Grasa para autos, etc.

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Y 1000 ARTICULOS MAS. Com~añia Maritima Moreno, a sus ordenes. lVIALECON SA T JUAN PUERTO RICO

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