I N T E R N AT I O N A L
PRIMARY SCIENCE
86233_Book.indb pre001
Student’s Book 5
12/08/2014 15:15
Contents Topic 1 Plants
1
Plants are living Plants need energy from light Plants can make new plants Flowers help plants to reproduce From flower to seeds Insects and flowers Seeds get around – wind, water and explosion Seeds get around – animals What do seeds need? Do seeds need light? Growing seeds in variable conditions The life cycle of a plant Stages in the life cycle
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Looking back Topic 1
28
Topic 2 States of matter
29
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
86233_Book.indb pre003
Solids, liquids and gases Liquid to gas – evaporation Gas to liquid – condensation Water vapour in the air The water cycle Boiling and freezing What happens to substances dissolved in water? Getting the solid out of a solution
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Looking back Topic 2
46
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic 3 Light
47
Making shadows Shadows outside Changing the size of a shadow Recording shadows Materials and light Playing with light and materials Can we measure light? When do we need to measure light intensity? Seeing light Reflecting light Reflecting and absorbing light Changing the direction of light
48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
Looking back Topic 3
72
Topic 4 The Earth and beyond
73
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7
Where does the Sun go at night? The Earth rotates on its axis The Earth’s orbit The Solar System Early astronomers and discoveries Space exploration today Into the future
74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Looking back Topic 4
88
Glossary
86233_Book.indb pre004
89
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic
1 Plants
In this topic you will revise what you know about plants. Then you will learn about how plants reproduce and make new plants. You will observe some ways that seeds are dispersed. You will also observe the male and female parts of plants, and investigate what seeds need to grow. You will recognise that flowering plants have a life cycle.
1
86233_Book.indb 1
12/08/2014 15:15
Key words
1.1 Plants are living Plants are living things. We know this because plants grow. As they grow, plants change and make new plants.
• roots • stems • flowers • leaves • absorb
Plants look different but they all have roots, stems, flowers and leaves. 1 Study and compare these five plants. Name the parts of each plant.
2
86233_Book.indb 2
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic
2 Look at the pictures again and revise what you know about plants. Discuss these questions. ● Why do plants need leaves? ● Why do they need roots? ● What do the stems do? ● Why do plants have flowers?
1 Plants
Activities 1 Label the picture of the
plant in your Workbook on page 1 and describe the job of each part of the plant.
2 Work in groups.
Each group grows a plant in the classroom. Observe the plant every day for two weeks. Record your observations in your Workbook on page 2.
3 Predict what would
happen if you put your plant in a dark cupboard in your classroom. Would it grow? Explain what would happen and why.
A plant needs soil, water and light in order to grow. The roots of most plants grow in the soil. The roots hold the plant in the soil, and they absorb water and other materials from the soil. The leaves of plants use light to make food.
I have learned ● Plants are livings things,
so they grow.
● Plants need soil, water and
light to grow.
3 List the things that plants need to grow. 3
86233_Book.indb 3
12/08/2014 15:15
Key words
1.2 Plants need energy from light
• photosynth esis • oxygen
Animals and plants need food to grow. Animals cannot make their own food, but plants can. So, animals depend on plants for food. Plants make their own food by using light energy from the Sun through a process called photosynthesis. They also use water and air. In the process of making their food, plants give off oxygen, which animals need to breathe and live.
light energy from the Sun oxygen
air
water
4
86233_Book.indb 4
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic
1 Plants
Plants use a green substance in their leaves called chlorophyll to make their food. If a plant does not get enough light it will not be able to make food. Eventually, the plant will die. A
B
Light keeps the leaves of a plant green and healthy.
This plant has not had enough light. The leaves cannot make food for the plant to grow.
1 Work in pairs. Discuss what you need to do to make plants grow well. 2 Look at the leaves in pictures A and B. Discuss the differences. What effect do these differences have on the plant? 3 Work in pairs. Tell your partner how a plant makes its own food.
Activities 2 Draw a diagram on page 3 of your Workbook to 1 Write an article for a
science magazine. In it, describe two ways in which animals depend on plants.
show what a plant needs to grow.
3 Set up an investigation to investigate if
plants need sunlight to grow. Record your investigation in your Workbook on page 4.
I have learned ● Like animals, plants need food to grow. Unlike animals, plants can make
their own food.
● Plants use energy from light to make food. ● Plants make food in their leaves. 5
86233_Book.indb 5
12/08/2014 15:15
Key words
1.3 Plants can make new plants Plants are living things that breathe, feed and grow. Like all living things, plants also reproduce. This means that they can make new plants. Plants can reproduce (make new plants) in different ways.
• reproduce • runner • seed • bulb • corm • tuber
Some plants grow runners. These runners are stems, but they grow along the ground, instead of upwards like other stems. Roots grow from these runners and then new small plants start to form. 1 Look at the pictures of the plants with runners. In what ways are the new plants similar to the big plants? Describe where the runners grow.
Some plants make seeds in order to reproduce. These seeds grow into new plants. 2 Look at some seeds from your own environment and discuss where the seeds come from. From which part of the plant do they come? 6
86233_Book.indb 6
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic
1 Plants
Activities 1 Draw pictures in your
Workbook on page 5 to show the different ways in which plants reproduce.
Some plants reproduce by making bulbs, corms or tubers. Bulbs, corms and tubers all grow under the ground. Roots and shoots grow from them. A bulb is oval in shape with a point at the top. This point is where the plant shoot starts to grow. A corm is round and flat, and a tuber is a long, swollen root. a tuber
corms bulbs
2 Describe three ways
in which plants reproduce. Write some sentences on page 6 of your Workbook.
3 Investigate reproduction
in plants in your own environment. Make a poster to show the different ways in which the plants reproduce. Draw pictures or take photographs to use on the poster.
I have learned ● Plants are living things
that can reproduce (make new plants).
● Some plants grow runners
that develop into new plants.
● Some plants reproduce
by making bulbs, corms or tubers. 7
86233_Book.indb 7
12/08/2014 15:15
Key words
1.4 Flowers help plants to reproduce Flowers help plants to reproduce because they make seeds. Seeds develop when pollen from the male parts of flowers come into contact with the female parts of flowers. Most plants have both male and fem female parts that help them to reproduce.
• pollen • cross-secti on • petal • sepal • stamen • anther • filament • carpel • stigma • style • ovary • ovum (plura l ova)
8
86233_Book.indb 8
12/08/2014 15:15
Topic
1 Plants
1 Study this diagram, which is a cross-section of a flower. Find the male and the female parts of the flower. pollen grains
petal
anther filament
stamen
stigma style ovary
sepal
carpel
ovum The stamen is the male part of a flower. The carpel is the female part of a flower. 2 Why do you think flowers have male and female parts? Discuss this in groups and report back to the class with your ideas.
Activities 1 Make a list of the male parts of a flower. Then make a list of the female parts of a flower. Use your lists to label the flower in your Workbook on page 7.
2 Collect four different flowers. Your teacher will make cross-sections of them for you. Use a magnifying glass to see if you can find all the male and female parts.
3 Make a detailed drawing of a cross-section of a flower in your Workbook on page 8 and label the parts.
I have learned ● Flowers help plants to reproduce. ● Flowers have male and female parts. 9
86233_Book.indb 9
12/08/2014 15:15