Treasure House - Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Teacher’s Guide 1 by Collins

Vocabulary Unit 1A: Adding –s Overview English curriculum objectives • Regular plural noun suffixes –s or –es [for example, ‘dog’, ‘dogs’; ‘wish’, ‘wishes’], including the effects of these suffixes on the meaning of the noun

Treasure House resources • Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 1A, pages 4–5

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 1 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 1A, Resource 1: Adding –s, page 65 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 1A, Resource 2: Plural nouns with the suffix –s, page 66

Additional resources • Texts containing plural nouns with the suffix ‘–s’

Introduction Teaching overview This unit introduces children to the concept of adding the suffix ‘–s’ when we want to show that there is more than one of something. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Introduce the concept Write a selection of common nouns on the board, for example: ‘chair’, ‘ball’, ‘sock’, ‘girl’, ‘boy’. Point to the

first word and say: ‘If I write “chair”, how many chairs am I writing about?’ Pause to allow the children to consider their response. Collect ideas and establish that ‘chair’ refers to one chair. Repeat with a few other words. Then ask: ‘If I want to write about more than one chair, perhaps two chairs, how would I write it?’ Take suggestions. Write ‘two chair’ on the board. Point and ask: ‘Is “two chair” correct?’ Establish that you need to add a letter ‘s’ to the end of the word to show that you mean more than one. Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘When we want to show that there is more than one of something, we usually add ‘–s’. An added ending like this is called a suffix. One cat, two cats. One boy, two boys.’ You may wish to emphasise that the suffix ‘–s’ sometimes sounds like a /z/ (as in ‘boys’) so point out to the children that this can be tricky for spelling.

Pupil practice Get started The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–s’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–s’, before asking them to copy the sentences. Answers 1. My cats are black. [example] 2. I read three books. [1 mark] 3. I saw some chicks in a nest. [1 mark] 4. The children played with the toys. [1 mark] 5. I used pens to colour my picture. [1 mark]

Try these The children copy and correct sentences by adding the suffix ‘–s’ to the underlined words.

Pupil Book pages 4–5 Answers 1. I put my socks on my feet. [example] 2. We lined up all the red toy trains. [1 mark] 3. All my pens had run out of ink. [1 mark] 4. The teacher told us to put our coats on. [1 mark] 5. I have six books. [1 mark]

Now try these The children add the suffix ‘–s’ to the words ‘gift’ and ‘bag’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs. Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘gifts’. [2 marks] 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘bags’. [2 marks]

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Vocabulary Unit 1A: Adding –s

Support, embed & challenge Support Use Vocabulary Unit 1A Resource 1: Adding –s to give these children practice in recognising whether the suffix ‘–s’ is needed. Either ask the children to read the sentences, or read them aloud together to emphasise how they sound without the suffix ‘–s’. Ask the children to decide whether the suffix ‘–s’ is needed in each sentence and tick ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Then ask children to write the ‘s’ in the gap if needed. (Answers There are two pillows on my bed. [yes]; Three cats live next door to me. [yes]; Mum gave me a new pencil. [no]; I picked four apples. [yes])

Embed Use Vocabulary Unit 1A Resource 2: Plural nouns with the suffix –s to provide the children with practice

in writing plural nouns that require the suffix ‘–s’. Ask the children to look at the example on the worksheet (‘one spoon, two spoons’). Ask them to read each phrase in the left column and draw a picture of what it says. Then, ask them to read the number in the right column and write the correct plural noun (by adding the suffix ‘–s’ to the singular noun given) before drawing a picture to show what it refers to. (Answers three frogs, four birds, five cars, six flowers)

Challenge Challenge these children to go on a suffix ‘–s’ hunt. Tell them to look through their reading book, or a selection of classroom books, and note down examples of words they find that use the suffix ‘–s’ to show more than one.

Homework / Additional activities Seeing double Ask the children to make a list of things that they have more than one of, for example: ‘two socks’, ‘two eyes’, ‘two ears’, ‘two shoes’.

Collins Connect: Vocabulary Unit 1 Ask the children to complete Vocabulary Unit 1 (See Teach → Year 1 → Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation → Vocabulary Unit 1). Note: the Collins Connect activities could be used with Unit 1A or 1B.

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Vocabulary Unit 1B: Adding –es Overview English curriculum objectives • Regular plural noun suffixes –s or –es [for example, ‘dog’, ‘dogs’; ‘wish’, ‘wishes’], including the effects of these suffixes on the meaning of the noun

Treasure House resources • Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 1B, pages 6–8

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 1 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 1B, Resource 1: Singular nouns and plural nouns ending –es, page 67 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 1B, Resource 2: Using words ending –es, page 68

Additional resources • Texts containing plural nouns with the suffix ‘–s’

Introduction Teaching overview This unit introduces children to the concept of adding the suffix ‘–es’ to singular nouns to make plural nouns when the singular noun ends in the letters ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘x’ or ‘z’. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary, as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Introduce the concept Write a selection of common nouns that end in the letters ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘x’ and ‘z’ on the board, for example: ‘fox’, ‘brush’, ‘bus’, ‘bench’. Point to the first word and say: ‘If I write “fox”, how many foxes

am I writing about?’ Pause to allow children to consider their response. Collect ideas and establish that ‘fox’ refers to one fox. Repeat with a few other words. Next, ask: ‘If I want to write about more than one fox, perhaps two foxes, how would I write it?’ Take suggestions. Write ‘two fox’ on the board. Point and ask: ‘Is “two fox” correct?’ Establish that you need to add the letters ‘es’ on the end of the word to show that you mean more than one. Ask children to listen very carefully as you emphasise the sounds /e/ and /s/ at the end of the word ‘foxes’. Show that this sounds different from a word that uses just the ‘–s’ suffix; here you can distinctly hear the additional /e/. Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘When we want to show that there is more than one of something, we add the ending ‘–s’ or ‘–es’. Endings like this are called suffixes. We add ‘–es’ if the word for the single thing ends in the letters ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘x’ or ‘z’. One fox, two foxes. One brush, two brushes.’

Pupil practice

Pupil Book pages 6–8

Get started

Try these

The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–es’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–es’, before asking them to copy the sentences. Answers 1. We pack the boxes. [example] 2. Dad is washing the dishes. [1 mark] 3. My school has five classes. [1 mark] 4. Look at those pink buses! [1 mark] 5. The children sat on the benches. [1 mark]

The children copy and correct sentences by adding the suffix ‘–es’ to the underlined words. Answers 1. I have three paint brushes. [example] 2. Gran sewed two patches on my trousers. [1 mark] 3. We looked for our ball in the bushes. [1 mark] 4. The foxes were in the den. [1 mark] 5. My brother and I got new watches. [1 mark]

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Vocabulary Unit 1B: Adding –es

Now try these The children add the suffix ‘–es’ to the words ‘wish’ and ‘box’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs.

Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘wishes’. 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘boxes’.

[2 marks] [2 marks]

Support, embed & challenge Support

Embed

Use Vocabulary Unit 1B Resource 1: Singular nouns and plural nouns ending –es to help these children to recognise that words ending in the suffix ‘–es’ are referring to two or more items. Use the example provided on the worksheet (‘fox’) to model what the children should do. Ask the children to read the words and then tick the box for ‘singular’ or ‘plural’ to say whether the word refers to one item or two (or more) items. (Answers benches [plural], bushes [plural], box [singular], dishes [plural], bench [singular], bus [singular], watches [plural], wish [singular], kisses [plural], foxes [foxes], bush [singular], boxes [plural], quiz [singular], dish [singular], kiss [singular])

Use Vocabulary Unit 1B Resource 2: Using words ending –es to give the children practice in using words that have the suffix ‘–es’ by writing their own short story about two little foxes. You could support the children by talking to them about their ideas before they write or through shared writing as a group. As an extra challenge, you could suggest that children use other ‘–es’ words in the story, such as those from the Pupil Book.

Challenge Challenge these children to go on a suffix ‘–es’ hunt. Tell them to look through their reading book, or a selection of classroom books, and note down examples of words they find that use the suffix ‘–es’ to show more than one.

Homework / Additional activities Plural posters Ask the children to choose one plural noun ending ‘–es’ and make a poster, drawing the word in large, colourful, bold writing and illustrating it. For example, the word ‘foxes’ with a drawing of some foxes. Ask parents to point out words with the ‘–es’ suffix when reading with their child at home.

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Vocabulary Unit 2A: Adding endings to root words (–ing) Overview English curriculum objectives • Suffixes that can be added to verbs where no change is needed in the spelling of root words (e.g. ‘helping’, ‘helped’, ‘helper’)

Treasure House resources • Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 2A, pages 8–9

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 2 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2A, Resource 1: Adding –ing to verbs, page 69 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2A, Resource 2: Using verbs ending –ing, page 70

Additional resources • Pictures of things performing actions

Introduction Teaching overview The basic form of a verb is called the infinitive, which is usually used with the word ‘to’, as in ‘I like to walk’ or ‘he needs to think’. Verbs change form according to the tense and person they express. The verb form that ends in ‘–ing’ is the present participle. Present participles are used to form continuous tenses, as in ‘I am running’ or ‘she was reading’. Verbs ending ‘–ing’ are also used as gerunds (nouns formed from verbs denoting actions, processes or states) and can function as adjectives, for example ‘a beaming smile’ or ‘a piercing shriek’. This unit focuses on adding the suffix ‘–ing’ to verbs without needing to change the spelling of the root verb. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Introduce the concept Show or draw pictures of people and things performing actions, for example people walking,

Pupil practice Get started The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–ing’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–ing’, before asking them to copy the sentences.

playing and eating. (Avoid including pictures of actions where the root verbs that describe them are changed when ‘–ing’ is added, such as ‘swimming’, ‘running’ and ‘baking’.) Ask the children what the people or things are doing in each picture, prompting the children (if necessary) to give you the present participle, for example: ‘They are walking.’ ‘It is listening.’ ‘She is talking.’ Write the participles on the board, for example: ‘walking’, ‘flying’, ‘seeing’. Ask: ‘What sort of words are these?’ Elicit that they are verbs (or doing words). Underline the infinitive in each example on the board. Tell the children that these are the original root verbs and say each infinitive, for example: ‘walk’, ‘play’, ‘eat’, ‘listen’, ‘talk’, ‘fly’, ‘see’, ‘sleep’, ‘float’. Point to the ‘–ing’ endings and tell the children that this is the suffix ‘–ing’. Ask the children what a suffix is and establish that it is an ending that can be added to words to change or add to their original meaning. Explain that, when ‘–ing’ is added to verbs, it means that the action is continuous: it continues happening. Point out that the things in the pictures are all in the middle of happening. Tell the children that there is usually no change in spelling to the original verb when ‘–ing’ is added to the end. Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘We can change words by adding the ending ‘–ing’. An ending like this is called a suffix. The farmer was milking his cow. I was drawing a picture.’

Pupil Book pages 8–9 Answers 1. Dad was sleeping in his chair. 2. Mum was talking on the phone. 3. My brother was playing with his toys. 4. The lamp is glowing. 5. I keep yawning!

[example] [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark]

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Vocabulary Unit 2A: Adding endings to root words (–ing)

Try these

Now try these

The children copy and correct sentences by adding the suffix ‘–ing’ to the underlined words. Answers 1. I am eating my dinner. [example] 2. Dad is painting the wall. [1 mark] 3. Katya is looking at her book. [1 mark] 4. We were climbing the tree. [1 mark] 5. We have been walking to school every day. [1 mark]

The children add the suffix ‘–ing’ to the words ‘paint’ and ‘play’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs. Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘painting’. [2 marks] 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘playing’. [2 marks]

Support, embed & challenge Support Use Vocabulary Unit 2A Resource 1: Adding –ing to verbs to provide these children with practice in reading, writing and understanding words that end in ‘–ing’ but do not need changes made to the root word when the suffix is added. Ask the children to read the word sums and write the new words. Use the resource sheet to discuss the spellings, pronunciations and meanings of the words. Extend the task by asking the children to put some of the words into sentences, either orally or written. (Answers 1. milking [example], 2. drawing, 3. sleeping, 4. talking, 5. asking, 6. thinking, 7. meeting, 8. throwing)

Embed Use Vocabulary Unit 2A Resource 2: Using verbs ending –ing to encourage the children to use ‘–ing’

words by choosing and inserting the correct one from the box into each sentence. Read through the sentences together and model how the children could try inserting each one until they find the correct one. This is an amusing way to practise thinking about the meanings of the words as the children will test silly sentences such as ‘I enjoyed throwing a picture.’ (Answers 1. We had fun climbing the tree. 2. The film kept us laughing all day. 3. The teacher was reading a story. 4. I enjoyed drawing a picture. 5. He was watching the show. 6. We were throwing and catching the ball. Accept other word choices if they are appropriate.)

Challenge Challenge these children to add the suffix ‘–ing’ to the following words and then use each word in a sentence of their own construction: ‘mark’, ‘cook’, ‘scratch’, ‘follow’, ‘pick’, ‘sew’, ‘squash’, ‘jump’.

Homework / Additional activities Parent-ing Ask the children to talk to their parents about words that end in the ‘–ing’ suffix. Ask parents to help their children by writing down any ‘–ing’ words they encounter during home reading that don’t require any change in spelling when the ‘–ing’ ending is added to the root word.

Collins Connect: Vocabulary Unit 2 Ask the children to complete Vocabulary Unit 2 (See Teach → Year 1 → Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation → Vocabulary Unit 2). Note: the Collins Connect activities could be used with Unit 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D.

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Vocabulary Unit 2B: Adding endings to root words (–ed) Overview English curriculum objectives • Suffixes that can be added to verbs where no change is needed in the spelling of root words (e.g. ‘helping’, ‘helped’, ‘helper’)

Treasure House resources • Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 2B, pages 10–11

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 2 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2B, Resource 1: Adding –ed to verbs, page 71 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2B, Resource 2: Past or future tense? page 72

Introduction Teaching overview

Introduce the concept

The basic form of a verb is called the infinitive, which is usually used with the word ‘to’, as in ‘we like to talk’ or ‘that’s good to know’. Verbs change form according to the tense and person they express. To refer to things that have already happened, past participles and past tense verbs are, in most cases, formed by adding ‘–ed’ to infinitive verbs. Past participles are used to form perfect tenses (for example ‘I have joked’, ‘I had asked’, ‘I will have talked’) and the passive voice, and many of them can be used as adjectives (for example ‘bored’, ‘tiered’, ‘shocked’). This unit focuses on adding the suffix ‘–ed’ to verbs without needing to change the spelling of the root verb. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Write a selection of simple verbs on the board, for example: ‘wait’, ‘paint’, ‘add’, ‘laugh’, ‘wash’. Point to the words, read them aloud and say: ‘These words are all things that people can do. We can call them “doing words” or the proper name is “verbs”. If we want to write about something that somebody has already done, perhaps they did it yesterday or this morning, we need to add an “–ed” suffix to the end of these verbs.’ Write on the board: ‘wash’, ‘washed’. Ask: ‘If I just write “I wash my face” will the reader know when I washed?’ Elicit that this sentence does not specify a time that you wash your face. Say: ‘If I write “I washed my face”, the reader will know that the washing has already happened; it’s in the past. So, the “–ed” ending helps us to know that somebody has already done the action.’ Model adding an ‘–ed’ suffix to the other words you have already written on the board and then read them aloud, emphasising the ‘–ed’ ending. Work with the children to use the verbs with ‘–ed’ endings in simple sentences or phrases. Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘We can change words by adding the ending ‘–ed’. An ending like this is called a suffix. I waited for the bus. I painted a picture.’

Pupil practice Get started The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–ed’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–ed’, before asking them to copy the sentences. Answers 1. I added one extra sweet to the bag. [example] 2. Samir needed to finish his task. [1 mark] 3. I showed Mum how to play the game. [1 mark]

Pupil Book pages 10–11 4. We laughed at the funny cartoon. 5. Mum washed my dirty socks.

[1 mark] [1 mark]

Try these The children copy and correct sentences by adding the suffix ‘–ed’ to the underlined words. Answers 1. Dad painted the wall. [example] 2. Pippa splashed in the big puddle. [1 mark] 3. Rehan watched the movie. [1 mark]

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Vocabulary Unit 2B: Adding endings to root words (–ed)

4. I can get dressed by myself.

[1 mark]

5. Dan looked out of the window.

[1 mark]

Now try these The children add the suffix ‘–ed’ to the words ‘play’ and ‘wait’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children

by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs. Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes [2 marks] the word ‘played’. 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘waited’. [2 marks]

Support, embed & challenge Support Use Vocabulary Unit 2B Resource 1: Adding –ed to verbs to provide these children with practice in reading, writing and understanding words that end in the ‘–ed’ suffix but do not need changes made to the root word. Ask the children to read the word sums and write the new words. Use the resource sheet to discuss the spellings, pronunciations and meanings of the words. Extend the task by asking the children to put some of the words into sentences, either orally or written. (Answers 1. showed, 2. looked, 3. counted, 4. picked, 5. asked, 6. pressed, 7. answered, 8. cleaned)

Embed Use Vocabulary Unit 2B Resource 2: Past or future tense? to consolidate the children’s understanding that the the suffix ‘–ed’ is used to talk and write about the past. Ask the children to read each sentence and tick boxes to say whether it happened in the past or

whether it hasn’t happened yet. (Answers 1. I jumped into the mud. [It happened in the past.] 2. I will jump into the mud. [It hasn’t happened yet.] 3. I finished tidying my bedroom. [It happened in the past.] 4. I will finish tidying my bedroom. [It hasn’t happened yet.] 5. I coloured the picture. [It happened in the past.] 6. I am going to colour the picture. [It hasn’t happened yet.])

Challenge Challenge these children to think about the three different sounds represented by the suffix ‘–ed’. Explain and model that in some words the suffix ‘–ed’ doesn’t add another syllable and is pronounced like a ‘t’, as in ‘looked’, or a ‘d’, as in ‘showed’, and in other words the suffix ‘–ed’ is pronounced as ‘ed’ and adds an extra syllable, as in ‘counted’. Ask the children to investigate the words they have been using in the Pupil Book or the resource sheets and to sort them into three lists according to the three sounds.

Homework / Additional activities Finding –ed Ask the children to talk to their parents about the suffix ‘–ed’ and notice it in their reading book. You could ask parents to help children find more examples and bring them to school to share with the class.

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Vocabulary Unit 2C: Adding endings to root words (–er) Overview

Treasure House resources

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 2 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2C, Resource 1: Using adjectives to compare, page 73 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2C, Resource 2: About me, page 74

• Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 2C, pages 12–13

Additional resources

English curriculum objectives • Suffixes that can be added to verbs [and adjectives] where no change is needed in the spelling of root words (e.g. ‘helping’, ‘helped’, ‘helper’)

• Pictures of people with identifiable professions, and objects that perform functions

Introduction Teaching overview The suffix ‘–er’ can be added to some verbs to make nouns to name people or things that perform the action of or are concerned with the verb, for example: ‘producer’, ‘chopper’, ‘washer’. Many nouns formed from verbs by the addition of ‘–er’ are used to name professions. The suffix ‘–er’ can also be added to adjectives to create comparative adjectives. This unit focuses on adding the suffix ‘–er’ without needing to change the spelling of the root word. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Introduce the concept Show pictures of people with identifiable professions, and objects that perform functions, ensuring the names of the professions and the objects are all formed from verbs and the suffix ‘–er’, for example: ‘teacher’, ‘builder’, ‘cleaner’, ‘dishwasher’, ‘hairdryer’, ‘hanger’. Ask the children what each profession or object is and write the nouns on the board. Ask the children what all the words have in common. Take suggestions and establish that they all end ‘–er’ and

that they are all nouns. Underline one of the root verbs in one of the nouns. Ask the children what sort of word it is and agree that it is a verb. Discuss the action it describes. Repeat the process for some of the other examples. Help the children to see the connection in meaning between the root verbs and the professions or functions that the nouns name. For example, ask: ‘What is the noun “teacher” made from?’ Agree that it comprises the verb ‘teach’ and the suffix ‘–er’. Ask: ‘What does a teacher do?’ Agree that they teach. Tell the children that they can also add ‘–er’ to adjectives when they want to compare things. Write the word ‘tall’ on the board and ensure all the children understand what it means and recognise that it is an adjective. Draw a skyscraper on the board next to the word ‘tall’. Say: ‘This is a tall building.’ Draw a taller skyscraper next to the first. Say: ’This building is taller.’ Write the word ‘taller’ next to the second drawing. Underline the two components in the word, ‘tall’ and ‘–er’. Ensure the children can recognise the root adjective and the suffix. Point out that, when ‘–er’ is added to adjectives, they stay as adjectives but the meaning changes so that we can use them to compare things. Provide more examples (with drawings), such as ‘small’ and ‘smaller’, ‘cold’ and ‘colder’, ‘fast’ and ‘faster’, ‘high’ and ‘higher’. Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘We can change words by adding the ending ‘–er’. An ending like this is called a suffix. The teacher was reading a story. My brother is louder than me!’

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Vocabulary Unit 2C: Adding endings to root words (–er)

Pupil practice Get started The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–er’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–er’, before asking them to copy the sentences. Answers 1. Max is a farmer in the next town. [example] 2. I ran faster along the path than my cat. [1 mark] 3. The sun seems brighter in the afternoon. [1 mark] 4. Every year I grow taller. [1 mark] 5. The kite flew higher into the sky. [1 mark]

Try these The children copy and correct sentences by adding the suffix ‘–er’ to the underlined words.

Pupil Book pages 12–13 Answers [example] 1. The gardener has green fingers. 2. The nights are getting even colder. [1 mark] 3. I am older than my sister. [1 mark] 4. The duckling was growing ever stronger. [1 mark] 5. Adding sugar makes food taste sweeter than before. [1 mark]

Now try these The children add the suffix ‘–er’ to the words ‘tight’ and ‘dark’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs. Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘tighter’. [2 marks] 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘darker’. [2 marks]

Support, embed & challenge Support Use Vocabulary Unit 2C Resource 1: Using adjectives to compare to provide these children with practice in using adjectives ending ‘–er’ to compare two things. Model the task using the example sentence, then read the other sentences aloud emphasising the word ‘but’ to suggest that children should join in and say the remainder of the sentence. Help children to spell the remainder of the sentences as necessary. (Answers 1. Annie’s sunflower is tall but Emma’s sunflower is taller. [example] 2. Zain can run fast but Harry can run faster. 3. My lamp is bright but the sun is brighter. 4. The days are cold but the nights are colder. 5. Your grandpa is old but mine is older. 6. A mouse is small but a bee is even smaller.)

suffix ‘–er’ when comparing themselves to others. Ask the children to complete the sentences about themselves. For each sentence, they should choose an adjective from the box and write it in the first gap. Then they should write the name of a person or a thing in the second gap. For the last two sentences, they should think of their own adjectives.

Challenge Ask these children to think about job titles ending ‘– er’, such as ‘farmer’, ‘teacher’, ‘gardener’, ‘painter’, ‘dog walker’, ‘banker’. Challenge them to think of three job titles that end ‘–er’ and then write a sentence for each one to describe the job, for example: ‘A dog walker takes dogs for walks.’ ‘A painter paints pictures.’ ‘A banker works in a bank.’

Embed Use Vocabulary Unit 2C Resource 2: About me to encourage the children to use words ending in the

Homework / Additional activities Finding –er Ask the children to talk to their parents about the suffix ‘–er’. Ask parents to point out words with this ending in the children’s home reading books.

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Vocabulary Unit 2D: Adding endings to root words (–est) Overview English curriculum objectives • Suffixes that can be added to verbs [and adjectives] where no change is needed in the spelling of root words (e.g. ‘helping’, ‘helped’, ‘helper’)

Treasure House resources

• Collins Connect Treasure House Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Year 1, Vocabulary Unit 2 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2D, Resource 1: Rosettes, page 75 • Photocopiable Vocabulary Unit 2D, Resource 2: Labels, page 76

• Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation Skills Pupil Book 1, Vocabulary Unit 2D, pages 14–15

Introduction Teaching overview This unit builds on the content of the previous unit on comparative adjectives, used to compare two things. This unit focuses on creating superlative adjectives (adjectives used to describe the most or least of a group of things) by adding the suffix ‘–est’ to adjectives where no change is needed in the spelling of the root words. Use the content of this unit to actively develop children’s oral vocabulary as well as their ability to understand and use the grammatical structures, giving particular support to children whose oral language skills are insufficiently developed. When modelling the teaching point, use your voice to show emphasis, intonation, tone, volume and natural speech patterns. This will help beginner learners to bridge the gaps between spoken and written vocabulary, grammar and punctuation.

Introduce the concept

moving on and asking: ‘Who do you think is the loudest person in the class?’ Again, allow some discussion before moving on. Display the following words on the board: ‘fastest’, ‘loudest’. Discuss the meaning of each word. Then ask the children: ‘What do these words have in common?’ Establish that they both end in ‘–est’ and are both adjectives. Point out the root adjective in each word. Explain that, if we want to say someone or something is the most or least anything, we need to use an adjective ending ‘–est’. Model using adjectives ending ‘–est’ in sentences and invite volunteers to do the same, for example: ‘I am the oldest person in this classroom.’ ‘This is the sharpest pencil in my pencil case.’ Read and point to the teaching point in the Pupil Book: ‘We can change words by adding the ending ‘–est’. An ending like this is called a suffix. We travelled on the slowest bus. I am the tallest child in my class.’

Ask the children: ‘Who do you think is the fastest runner in the class?’ Allow some discussion before

Pupil practice

Pupil Book pages 14–15

Get started

Try these

The children copy sentences, then find and underline the suffix ‘–est’. You may wish to support the children by reading each sentence aloud, then pausing while they find and point to the suffix ‘–est’, before asking them to copy the sentences. Answers [example] 1. Zak was the fastest boy in the race. 2. Our car is the cleanest. [1 mark] 3. Raj is the loudest singer. [1 mark] 4. My pencil is the sharpest in the pot. [1 mark] 5. I am the youngest in my family. [1 mark]

The children copy sentences and add the suffix ‘–est’ to the underlined words. Answers [example] 1. I ate the thickest slice of bread. 2. Today is the longest day of the year. [1 mark] 3. I have the softest teddy of them all. [1 mark] 4. I put the book on the lowest shelf. [1 mark] 5. Mum chose the lightest shade of blue. [1 mark]

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Vocabulary Unit 2D: Adding endings to root words (–est)

Now try these The children add the suffix ‘–est’ to the words ‘old’ and ‘smart’, then use them in sentences of their own construction. You may wish to support the children by discussing the task before setting them to work independently or in pairs.

Suggested answers 1. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘oldest’. 2. Accept any sentence that includes the word ‘smartest’.

[2 marks] [2 marks]

Support, embed & challenge Support Use Vocabulary Unit 2D Resource 1: Rosettes to familiarise these children with adjectives ending ‘–est’. Ask the children to think about who they know that fits the description under each rosette and then write that person’s name in the middle.

Embed Use Vocabulary Unit 2D Resource 2: Labels to provide the children with practice in using words

ending ‘–est’. Ask the children to read through all the words and discuss with a partner (or in a group) what each word means. Then direct the children to look at the images and label each one with an appropriate ‘–est’ word from the box.

Challenge Challenge these children to write a short story about a mouse called Marvin using the words ‘grandest’, ‘smartest’ and ‘richest’.

Homework / Additional activities Family comparisons Ask the children to talk with their families about words ending in ‘–est’. Ask them to make a note of who in their family is the tallest, shortest, oldest and youngest.

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