AQA GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Grade 6/7 Booster Workbook

Section 1: Atomic structure and the periodic table

Atoms, elements and compounds 1.

Which of these are compounds?

Tick two boxes.

2.

Air

Carbon dioxide

Iron

Water

[2 marks]

Define the word ‘element’.

Command words [1 marks]

3.

A teacher heats a piece of sodium and adds it to a gas jar containing chlorine. a Give the chemical symbols for sodium atoms and

chlorine molecules.

Sodium atoms

Chlorine molecules

[2 marks]

‘Define’ means to state the meaning of something. In this question you need to say what an element is.

Command words When you are asked to ‘give’ an answer you only need to write a short answer, not an explanation or a description.

Remember

Command words

Elements and their symbols are listed on the periodic table.

You will be supplied with a periodic table in the exam.

The command word ‘name’ asks you to answer with a single word, phrase or sentence.

Some elements exist as molecules. For example, the gases hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen exist as pairs of atoms.

b Name the compound formed in the reaction.

[1 mark]

c How could the compound be separated back into its elements?

Tick one box.

Dissolving in water

Distillation

Heating

Using a chemical reaction

[1 mark]

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1

Mixtures 1.

Draw one line from each mixture to the most appropriate separation method.

Worked Example

2.

Mixture

Separation method

Different coloured inks

Add water then filter

Water and ethanol

Chromatography

Salt and water

Crystallisation

Sand and salt

Distillation

[3 marks]

A student carried out the following experiment.

A Measure 1.6 g of iron powder and add it to a test tube.

B Measure 0.4 g of sulfur and add it to the test tube. Mix well.

C Heat the test tube and contents over a Bunsen burner until an orange glow is seen

inside the test tube.

a In step C the student should plug the end of the test tube with mineral wool.

Suggest why the student should do this.

b In which step does the test tube contain a pure element?

Synoptic

Tick one box.

A

B

C

[1 mark]

c Suggest a method the student could use to separate the

mixture formed in step B.

[1 mark]

Command words When a question asks you to ‘suggest’ something it expects you to use your understanding in what may be an unfamiliar situation.

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

d Explain how the method you gave in part c works.

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3.

Ethanol and methanol are both liquids.

Command words

T he boiling point of ethanol is 78 °C. The boiling point of methanol is 65 °C.

When you are asked to ‘explain’ something you need to state the reasons for it happening.

ame the separating technique you would use to separate N a mixture of ethanol and methanol.

Command words

Describe how the separating technique works.

In this question you are being asked to ‘describe’ the processes that happen during the technique.

[5 marks]

Compounds, formulae and equations 1.

The diagram shows a molecule of fructose, a simple sugar.

Fructose contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

[2 marks] 2.

C HO

Write the formula of fructose.

O

CH2OH

H

H

OH C

C

C

OH

CH2OH H

Name the following compounds. a LiCl

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

b Na2CO3

c BaSO4

d Ca(OH)2

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1 Here are some tips for writing symbol equations.

Use the periodic table to look up the symbols of elements.

Elements that are gases at room temperature (other than the Group 0 elements) exist as pairs. For example, oxygen is O2.

Symbol equations must be balanced. However, you can only change the numbers in front of each formula.

You may be asked to provide state symbols (s, l, g, aq).

3.

Magnesium reacts with oxygen when it is heated.

Complete the word and symbol equations to show this reaction. Include state symbols. magnesium + oxygen → 2 ____(s) + ____(____) → ____MgO (s)

[4 marks]

Scientific models of the atom 1.

The diagram shows a model of the atom called the nuclear model.

Name the structures labelled X, Y and Z.

X +

X

+

Y

Y Z 2.

[3 marks]

Z

An earlier model of the atom was the ‘plum pudding’ model.

Compare the plum pudding model with the nuclear model shown above.

Command words When you are asked to ‘compare’ things you need to write about the similarities and/or differences between them, not just write about one of the things.

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[6 marks]

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