C HAPTER 1: The world of insects
Mighty maths
Insects use lots of different maths tricks to help them survive in the wild. Some insects use patterns on their body to attract a mate.
Other insects use patterns to disguise themselves and keep predators away. Even an insect’s body is mathematical!
There are millions of different insects with unique bodies. But there is one maths fact that is shared by all insects . . .
All insects have three pairs of legs! That’s six legs in total.
The body of an insect is made up of three parts called the head, thorax and abdomen.
DID YOU KNOW?
An insect’s skeleton is on the outside of its body. It is called an exoskeleton.
Extraordinary eyes
Many insects have compound eyes. Compound eyes are made up of mini hexagonal-shaped lenses. There can be over 1,000 of these lenses in an insect’s eye.
WHAT DO INSECTS SEE?
The lenses in an insect’s compound eye mean that insects see differently from humans. Each hexagonal part of the insect’s eye shows a mini-section of the thing the insect is looking at. This means that what insects see is blurrier than what humans see.
MATHS IN ACTION!
Hexagons can form a tessellation. A tessellationis a repeated pattern of shapes which can fit together without any gaps or overlapping.
a tessellation of hexagons a tessellation of triangles
Not all shapes can form tessellations. When you put some shapes side by side, there are gaps between them.
Circles can’t form a tessellation because there are always gaps between them.
How insects are grouped
Scientists divide animals into groups based on their similarities and differences. They have divided insects into lots of different groups. Here are some of the main ones.
flies
grasshoppers, locusts and crickets
ants
moths and butterflies
lice
mayflies and dragonflies
Some groups of insects can fly, but others cannot. Flying insects often have four wings. But some flying insects have two soft wings and two hard wings. The hard wings act as a shell.
true bugs
praying mantises
beetles
stick insects and leaf insects
cockroaches and termites
earwigs
