STUDENT
Atlas
FOR THE CARIBBEAN
Features up-to-date mapping
Caribbean: Resources
28
Caribbean: Population and Tourism
U.S.A.
Fishing and Forestry Scale 1 : 20 000 000
*These Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries are unofficial, but show each country’s estimated exploitation rights of marine resources, including fishing, energy and minerals.
Forest Mangrove EEZ boundaries*
Population and Language Scale 1 : 20 000 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)
Cayman Is (UK)
HAITI
PUERTO RICO (USA)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
2
3 4 1 5 6 7 8 ST KITTS AND NEVIS
JAMAICA
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
US Virgin Is (USA) British Virgin Is (UK) Anguilla (UK) St-Martin (France) Sint Maarten (Neth.) St-Barthélemy (France) Saba (Neth.) St Eustatius (Neth.) Montserrat (UK) Guadeloupe (France) Martinique (France)
CUBA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
MEX IC O
San Juan Santo Domingo
Portau-Prince
Kingston
PUERTO RICO
Santiago
HAITI
JAMAICA
EL SALVADOR
BARBADOS
EL SALVADOR
GRENADA
Thousand cubic metres
Guyana 32% Suriname 21%
1500
b
e
a
n
S
e
DOMINICA
a
Martinique
COLOMBIA
SURINAME
Ha i C ti ica Gu uba n ya Re na pu Ja blic Su mai Tr rin ca in am ida d Be e & Th T lize e B ob a ag Gu ham o ad a elo s up e in
Do
m
BRAZIL
40-44
35-39
20-24
Oilfield
Oil refinery
Bauxite
Gasfield
Transshipment terminal
Gold/silver
5-9 6
4
2
0
CUBA
PUERTO RICO (USA)
San Juan
Santo Domingo
J A M A I C A Kingston
US Virgin Is (USA)
G U AT E M A L A
C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
S
e
ST KITTS AND NEVIS
a
42 000
41 000
COSTA RICA
0
2
0-4 4 6%
BRAZIL
Cozumel
0
Stop-over visitors (millions) 1 2 3 4 5
6
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico The Bahamas Aruba
Cayman Is
Montego Bay
Grand Cayman
Martinique (France)
HAITI
Ocho
JAMAICA Rios
BELIZE
Puerto Plata DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
US Virgin Islands
St Thomas San Juan St Croix
Barbados
British Virgin Is
Sint Maarten
Sint Maarten
PUERTO RICO US Virgin Is
BARBADOS
St Kitts
Martinique
Antigua Guadeloupe
GRENADA
HONDURAS
Martinique
0
Cruise passengers (millions) 1 2 3 4 The Bahamas
St Lucia St Vincent
VENEZUELA Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism www.crfm.int/ Caribbean Development Portal http://caribbean.cepal.org/
Caribbean tourist arrivals, 2014
Turks and Caicos Is
Curaçao
COLOMBIA
2
CUBA MEX IC O
COSTA RICA
G U YA N A SURINAME
US Virgin Islands
Barbados
Cartagena Panama P A N A M A Canal
Sint Maarten Cayman Islands
Grenada TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Port Límon
1000
0
THE BAHAMAS
Aruba
PA N A M A
500
ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Miami
NICARAGUA
Barbados
Barbados
Belize
Suriname
40 500
4
Main cruise ship routes Main cruise ship destinations (over 1 million tourists per year or over $100 million earnings per year) Smaller cruise ship destinations ($20 – $100 million earnings per year)
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Cuba
Cuba
Million cubic metres
41 500
Bonaire (Neth.)
6
Cuba
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Guadeloupe (France)
DOMINICA
Trinidad & Tobago
80
Aruba Curaçao (Neth.) (Neth.)
2
Jamaica
ST LUCIA
Gas production, 2014
0
Fort U . S . A . Lauderdale
Nassau
British Virgin Is (UK) Anguilla (UK) St Eustatius (Neth.)
NICARAGUA
Oil production, 2015
2
5-9
0-4 4%
Each full square represents 1% of the total population
Tourism Scale 1 : 22 500 000
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
4
Nickel
Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)
HAITI
4
10-14
Major container port
Gas pipeline
Cayman Is (UK)
2
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4 6%
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
50-54
45-49
40-44
SURINAME
60-64
55-59
50-54
35-39
30-34
70-74
65-69
60-64
45-49
80-84
75-79
70-74
55-59
50-54
45-49
Female +90
85-89
80-84
65-69
60-64
Male
Female
75-79
70-74
55-59
Cayman Islands
+90
85-89
80-84
65-69
THE BAHAMAS
HONDURAS
BARBADOS
VENEZUELA
Male
Female
75-79
0
BELIZE
ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Bonaire
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
PA N A M A
+90
85-89
500
U.S.A.
MEXICO
Curaçao
COLOMBIA
St Lucia
Male
G U YA N A
1000
Oil pipeline
Trinidad & Tobago
b
GUYANA
Freeport City
Energy and Minerals Scale 1 : 20 000 000
Thousand barrels per day
Guadeloupe
GRENADA
Haiti
15-19
0
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
Population structure, 2016 VENEZUELA
2000
25-29
10
i
Aruba
Roundwood production, 2014
Trinidad and Tobago 10%
20
r
CARICOM www.caricomstats.org/Demography.html Caribbean Tourism Organization www.onecaribbean.org/
PA N A M A 2500
The Bahamas 8%
30
a
NICARAGUA
COSTA RICA
Others 10%
40
St-Barthélemy
ST LUCIA
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Fish landings as percentage of all CARICOM
50
C
HONDURAS
ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Aruba (Neth.) Curaçao Bonaire (Neth.) (Neth.)
COSTA RICA
60
Spanish
ST KITTS AND NEVIS
ST LUCIA NICARAGUA
70
Anguilla
Saba
G U AT EM A LA
DOMINICA 11
EL SALVADOR
English
Montserrat
HONDURAS
Haiti 10%
Dutch
St Eustatius
G U AT E M A L A
Jamaica 9%
French
St-Martin British Virgin Is
Sint Maarten
US Virgin Is
BELIZE
10
9
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cayman Is
Main language
over 1000 501 – 1000 101 – 500 11 – 100 1 – 10 less than 1 no data
Havana
CUBA
BELIZE
Population per sq km
over 1 000 000 500 000 – 1 000 000 100 000 – 500 000
THE BAHAMAS
THE BAHAMAS
MEXICO
City populations (2015)
U.S.A.
29
Jamaica Puerto Rico Turks and Caicos Islands Belize Aruba
VENEZUELA COLOMBIA
Haiti
GUYANA
5
Caribbean: Environmental Issues • A variety of environmental issues has always plagued the West Indies, but today the advent of instant communications, and online reviews of islands and their resorts, has forced more attention to be paid to the environment
Caribbean: Environmental Issues CARICOM www.caricomstats.org/EnvironmentProfile.html Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre www.caribbeanclimate.bz/
• A series of devastating hurricanes in the last twenty years, coupled with the threat of sea level rise and other aspects of climate change, have caused governments to pay more attention to environmental issues • A well-managed environment is the best protection against natural hazards, and is a necessary policy in a competitive tourist market
Invasive species
The cane toad is a native of South America, but was introduced into the Eastern Caribbean as long ago as the 19th century. It is an omnivore and will eat small animals, as well as being poisonous (including its tadpoles). As recently as 2013 it had invaded The Bahamas.
The casuarina (commonly called the Australian pine) is widespread in the Caribbean, where it suppresses the native vegetation and can cause beach erosion. This stand on Paradise Island in The Bahamas has since been removed.
The lionfish is an Indo-Pacific species that is a voracious carnivore with poisonous spines. It has invaded the entire Caribbean, probably starting from the US coast, where some are believed to have escaped from an aquarium, then spreading south through The Bahamas. It can be eaten and this is one way of reducing its numbers.
Climate change The Cayman Islands are surrounded by impressive reefs which attract thousands of divers every year. Climate change has led to the warming of the sea, and also to its acidification. Both of these changes have reduced many corals’ resistance to disease, and many reefs have seen considerable coral die-off.
Wind power Dominican Republic has the highest wind energy production of all Caribbean countries. Power from wind turbines reduces energy costs and dependency on oil.
Coral reef damage Coral bleaching is the effect of disease causing the coral to die and leave white patches on its skeleton. This has seriously affected all Caribbean reefs and the dive tourist industry.
Endangered species Whale-watching is a popular tourist attraction on many Caribbean islands from the Turks and Caicos to Dominica and St Lucia. Unfortunately many whales, like this humpback, are endangered.
Carbon dioxide emissions Trinidad and Tobago has the highest CO2 emissions in the Caribbean – 48 million tonnes in 2013. Cuba is another high emitter; both areas have large oil refineries.
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy, 2013
Changes in coral cover
Waste Plastic bottles and other trash on a remote cay in Belize. Much of this is produced locally and is a problem that the Caribbean nations have not yet solved.
Mining damage After the excavation of bauxite, red sludge waste is produced during the smelting process; red mud lakes now cover many areas of Jamaica wherever alumina smelting has taken place.
Deforestation One of the main reasons for the extensive deforestation in Haiti is the endless need to cut wood in order to make charcoal for cooking.
1974-2006 1978-2012 1974-2008 1992-2012 1992-2011 1973-2008 1973-2008 1977-2012 1977-2005 1977-2011 1977-2011 1994-2012 1989-2011 1987-2010 1979-2010
Bellairs, Barbados Carrie Bow, Belize Karpata, Bonaire Guana Island, British Virgin Is Little Cayman, Cayman Is CARMABI Buoy 1, Curaçao CARMABI Buoy 2, Curaçao West, Jamaica Montego Bay, Jamaica Discovery Bay, Jamaica Port Royal, Jamaica Bucco Reef, Tobago Buck Island, US Virgin Is Tektite, US Virgin Is Flat Cay, US Virgin Is
-100
-80
-60 -40 -20 Net change (%)
0
250
Trinidad and Tobago Cuba Dominican Republic Puerto Rico Jamaica US Virgin Islands The Bahamas Suriname Haiti Guyana Barbados Aruba Belize Antigua and Barbuda Cayman Islands Grenada St Lucia
0
10
20 30 40 Metric tons (millions)
Onshore wind energy production, 2006 – 2014
200
GWh
32
150
Aruba Cuba Curaçao Dominican Republic Guadeloupe Jamaica Puerto Rico
100 50
50
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
33
A
79°
B
78°
l
Acklins Island
Duncan Town
C
Salina Point
2
353 658 Nassau 13 939 sq km English Yellow Elder West Indian Flamingo Blue Marlin
40
80
Abraham’s Bay
Little Inagua Island
120
Little Inagua National Park
160 km
Great Inagua Union Creek Reserve
21° 77°
D
76°
E
75°
F
Matthew Town 74°
e
2
200
40
200
30
150
30
150
20
100
20
100
10
50
10
50
0
0
0
0
J F M AM J J A S OND
imate est
300 200 100
Others 48%
Wood 3% Iron and steel articles 3%
Air Sea 4
3
2
1
0
Industrial machinery 7% Electrical machinery 6% Motor vehicles and parts 5% Plastics 4% Furniture 4% Meat 3%
14
The Bahamas exports, 2015 Others 12% Electrical machinery 2% Railway equipment 3% Tools and cutlery 4% Natural minerals and stone 5% Ships and boats 5% Industrial machinery 8% Organic chemicals 11%
Spiny lobster Queen conch Snappers Other species
16
12 10 8 6 4
Plastics 20%
2 0
Oil and mineral fuels 16%
TURKS & CAICOS Area Population Pop. density island data (sq km) (2012) (per sq km)
Seafood 14%
Turks and Caicos Islands cruise arrivals by month, 2015 120
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS British Overseas Territory 31 458 Cockburn Town 616 sq km English Turk's Head Cactus Brown Pelican Rock Iguana
The prehistoric inhabitants were the Taino First sighted by Ponce de León in 1512 Settled by Bermudans collecting salt after 1680 Occupied by the French 1765–1799 Became part of the British Bahamas in 1799 Governed variously by Jamaica and The Bahamas until 1973 when it became a British Overseas Territory
80 60 40 20 0
New Providence 70%
Population (2012) Capital town Area Languages National flower National bird National animal
TOTAL Grand Turk Middle Caicos North Caicos Parrot Cay Providenciales Salt Cay South Caicos
100
1
Tourist arrivals by air and sea, 1971 – 2015
The Bahamas fishery production of main commercial species, 1970 – 2014 18
Other islands 15%
Grand Bahama 15%
5
Millions
mm
21° 73°
C
77°20'
The Bahamas population distribution, 2010
Northeast Point
1
Oil and mineral fuels 17%
°C
J F M AM J J A S OND
8 km
The Bahamas imports, 2015
0
Inagua National Park
G
40
6
14
3
19 7 19 1 7 19 2 7 19 3 7 19 4 7 19 5 7 19 6 7 19 7 7 19 8 7 19 9 8 19 0 8 19 1 8 19 2 8 19 3 8 19 4 8 19 5 8 19 6 8 19 7 8 19 8 8 19 9 9 19 0 9 19 1 9 19 2 9 19 3 9 19 4 9 19 5 9 19 6 9 19 7 9 19 8 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 1 20 3 1 20 4 1 20 5 16
Columbus’s first landfall in the New World was on San Salvador on 14 October 1492 Columbus visited four islands in the Bahamas before travelling on The prehistoric inhabitants were the Lucayans, a branch of the Taino people, but all were wiped out within 50 years of the country’s first sighting The first settlers were religious refugees from Bermuda who settled on Eleuthera in 1648 The Bahamas became a British colony in 1718 and remained British until independence in 1973 The Bahamas never had a plantation economy, but subsisted on shifting cultivation and fishing, and occasionally from wrecking, blockade running and other opportunistic enterprises New Providence is the most densely populated island in the Caribbean region The extent of the archipelago is the same as the distance from Antigua to Trinidad The current economy is dependent on tourism and offshore finance
0
mm
400
Mayaguana
THE BAHAMAS Population (2010) Capital city Area Languages National flower National bird National animal
Altitude 2 m
The Bahamas population growth
e
22°
Scale 1 : 3 500 000
Cockburn Town
4
10
g sa
n
ne
Nassau Altitude 7 m
500
an
Isl
d
ke
an
oo
Ch
Cr
a
B
77°30'
°C
23°
d
B a n k
m
4
Pa
a
H
Ca ico sP as sa g
22°
C U B A
ha
d
3
Ba
un
Old
m
So
t a
23°
G
73°
Long Island Georgetown Salt Pond William’s Town Newfound Samana Harbour Hamilton’s Cave Cay Dean’s Blue Hole Deadman’s Cay e Clarence g a Town ss Landrail Long Island Point Crooked Island Museum Jumentos Gordon’s Colonel Hill Cays Plana Long Hope Great House Cays Cay and Marine Farm Albert Town Ragged Lucayan Indian Island Spring Point Range Archaeological Site
B
h
Landfall Park Conception Island National Park Rum Cay Stella Maris Port Nelson
24°
2
0
20
a
a
Great Exuma Moss Town
Lighthouse
San Salvador
Scale 1 : 250 000
Cay Point
20
m
an
Rolleville
Fishing port
Dixon Hill Lighthouse
Cockburn Town
Devil’s Point
A
Cruise ships Major marina
25°00'
Long Point
uth So ach Be
21 25 1 5 1 2 1 6
00
xu
ys
ce
e
Cistern Point
a
63 Mount Alvernia Port Howe
New Bight
Columbus Monument
O
r Tropic of Cancer
Great Guana Cay
5
Cat Island
e
G
Mars Bay
Ca
Kemp’s Bay
Staniel Cay
th
24°
a
Mangrove Cay
Little San Salvador
1
Major resort Port
Arthur’s Town
Bannerman Town
Exuma Cays Land and E Sea Park x u m
Moxey Town
Andros
Point
E
West Side National Park
Highbourn Cay
f Tongue o
Behring Point
National park Point of interest
Bonefish Pond
11 065 7314 911 3024 271 70 99 930
20
Andros Town
25°
Bonefish Pond
518 290 1551 596 285 36 78 163
90
Blue Holes National Park
4
Features
Eleuthera nd rou Cape G New Rock Sound Eleuthera Fresh Providence iddle M Ocean Hole Creek Powell Rose Island
Carmichael Village
Commonwealth Brewery B Adelaide Millars Village Sound South West Bay Coral Harbour
Clifton Heritage Park
Governor’s Harbour
Nassau
Mastic Point
25°
5
Other airport
Coral Heights
19
Alice Town
Clifton Point
80
Nicholl’s Town
6
Glass Window
J
F
M
A
A
M
J
J
B
72°20'
A
O
72°00'
Sandy Point Parrot Cay Pine Cay
s ico ge Ca ssa Pa Providenciales
S
Whitby
N
C
71°40'
D
71°20'
4
Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)
21°20'
3
Scale 1 : 1 500 000 0
A
10
20
72°20'
30
Little Ambergris Cay
40 km
B
31 458 4831 168 1312 131 23 769 108 1139
51 284 1 11 22 195 15 54
D
East Bay Islands National Park Bottle Creek Blue North Conch Bar Hills Northwest Caicos Long Point Marine Bay East Conch Bar Caves National Park Lorimers National Park Caicos Five Drum Chalk Sound Fort George Cays Point Middle National Park Cay 21°40' Caicos Southern West Caicos Bank Princess Alexandra Bush Bay Caicos Land and Sea Caicos National Park Conch Farm Cockburn South Harbour Caicos French Cay Admiral Cockburn Long Land and Sea Cay National Park
5
616 17 144 116 6 122 7 21
Big Ambergris Cay
E
F
71°00'
N
5 W
E S
21°40' Columbus Landfall National Park
e
Wells The Bluff
19
t
Primeval Forest National Park
25 1203 38 10 1 1 26 87 4 0 1
sag
as
Mount Pleasant
Main road Main airport
353 658 248 948 51 756 16 692 560 7386 798 2008 1503 0 323
Pas
he
or
Whale Cay
ov Spanish
Lyford Cay
Important town Other town
THE BAHAMAS
Dunmore Town
Old Fort Bay
2
13 939 207 1373 1681 497 5957 31 23 389 5 241
nd
Chub Cay
Pr
e
as
Cat Cay Bimini Islands
Bonds Cay
nc
N
6
Berry Islands
e id
Ch
Gambier Village
TOTAL New Providence Grand Bahama Abaco Acklins Andros Berry Islands Bimini Islands Cat Island Cay Sal Bank Crooked Island/ Long Cay Eleuthera Exuma and Cays Inagua Long Island Mayaguana Ragged Island Rum Cay San Salvador
ks I sla
Alice Town
Country boundary Capital city
26°
E S
Goodman Bay
Area Population Pop. density (sq km) (2010) (per sq km)
National Museum
Grand Turk Salt Cay
Tur
Sandy Point Cross Harbour Great Harbour Cay
W
(in metres)
Paradise Island
Athol Casino Island Fort Montagu Cable Beach The Dick’s Point Casino Grove Fort Montagu Bay Lake Stapleton Fincastle The Retreat Creek Village Cunningham Gardens Blackbeard’s Blac 38 Sports Sandilands Lake Tower Highest Stadium Village Killarney Point Harold Winton East Pond Highbury End Nassau Park Harold and Wilson Point East Ponds National Park South Beach Seabreeze Estate Estate
Delaport Point
2
Highest point
63
Para dis Beac e h
Ardastra Gardens
Thousand tonnes
l
Great Isaac Bank
S
National Art Gallery Government House
THE BAHAMAS island data
70
nne
Great Abaco Eight Mile Bay Abaco l National ne Park an
Gorda Cay
Nassau:
Botanical Gardens
Thousands
Cha
0 – 100
P
ence
t
26°
Provid
7
E
Wyannie Malone Historical Museum Elbow Reef Lighthouse
a
Northwest
W
Moores Island
Fort Charlotte
N
Relief metres
C
77°20'
New Providence
12 0
N
Hope Town
Marsh Harbour
Freeport City
Relief metres
Thousands
McLeans Lucayan High Town National Park Rock Rand Nature Centre Peterson Cay National Park
Eight Mile Rock
8 27°
Albert Lowe Museum Green Turtle Cay Treasure Cay
B
77°30'
74°
Cooper’s Town
Grand West End Bahama
7
F
75°
35
18 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1990 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 2090 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 50
Little Abaco
Great Sale Cay
E
76°
ua
27°
D
77°
ag
Little Bahama Bank
C
78° Walker’s Cay National Park
ay
B
79°
M
A
8
The Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands
19
The Bahamas
34
Balfour Town
F
Grand Turk Lighthouse
Cockburn Town
Government House Governor’s 21°20' Beach
3
Bush Cay
72°00'
C
71°40'
D
4
71°20'
E
71°00'
F
Trinidad: Port of Spain
68 62
63
Trinidad: San Fernando 64
65
66
67
68
69
70
69 71
Scale 1 : 25 000 0
250
500
750 m
41 77
40 76
39 75
38 74
37 73
36 72
Scale 1 : 25 000 0
The southern part of Port of Spain, Trinidad’s capital city, and the northern part of Caroni Swamp.
250
500
35
750 m
The industrial city of San Fernando and the Pointe-à-Pierre oil refinery in western Trinidad.
B
C
7
Kamlo
ops 120°
Mt As
an o g an
Brooks
F
n
Canora
C
HEWAN
Yorkton
au ugam
M
50° 70°
r rvoi Réseuacan m p i P
Chibo i
t-Jo Monki us Rimo
C t-Jean i B E Lac S Chicoutim É ière Q RésUervuoiirn val Jonqu ober Loup
Bath n dsto
83
urst
ab
6
Fu nd y
St Jo hn
ai t
Ba y
of
Groundhog
Connectic
ut
❘ ❘ ❘ ❘ ❘
i n
s
All egh en y
t a
Lake Michigan
❘ ❘ ❘
u
n
Mt s
o
n
ny
M
❘ ❘ ❘ ❘
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a
e
i
h
g
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c
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a
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oc he
25°
❘ ❘
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rr Sie
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G u l f
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TAMAUL IPAS
100°
l Pinar dene
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Ciudad
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a ni or lif i a Ca r n f o l i C a
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