kuan he portfolio 2016 - 2017
the loop
2018.1-2018.4 studio Caitlin Taylor gsapp columbia university systemetic architecture design
This housing project began with the interpretation that aging, whether it be that of people or of society, is a process, and not a state. Looking into the Metabolists of the 1950s as an understated influence, we are interested primarily in the flexibility of housing in this flux of aging, namely the capacity of addition and subtraction, or upsizing and downsizing.
existing distribution system
renewed distribution system
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countr ies. A lthou g h the a g ing degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
hudson
poughkeepsie
carmel
bronx
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
8m 2.5 m
8m 2.5 m
spring - autumn
autumn - spring
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
The site sits in south Bronx, which due to the left map (Persent of Residents 65+), is relatively less serious in aging degree. However, when we look into percentage change in right map, the site area is one of the places with dramatic aging processing. So the project has to work with this coming challenge, by providing solutions for people getting old
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
section of old & new distribution part
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
new connection with higher level of the ground
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
chicken’s house
vertical green food
fish farming
vertical farming on roof top
pavilion
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
elevator core
warehouse
distribution
food train
8 world
2017.10 - 2017.12 studio Adam Frampton gsapp columbia university housing design team work: Pohan Lin, Kuan He
This housing project began with the interpretation that aging, whether it be that of people or of society, is a process, and not a state. Looking into the Metabolists of the 1950s as an understated influence, we are interested primarily in the flexibility of housing in this flux of aging, namely the capacity of addition and subtraction, or upsizing and downsizing.
Site Anylize Diagram
Population aging is now a worldwide problem with nearly all developed countries. Although the aging degree in different group of people, area (such as urban and rural) varies, the same trend can be seen as the shrunkage of young people and continuous expansion of old population.
The site sits in south Bronx, which due to the left map (Persent of Residents 65+), is relatively less serious in aging degree. However, when we look into percentage change in right map, the site area is one of the places with dramatic aging processing. So the project has to work with this coming challenge, by providing solutions for people getting old
Subdivision According to the block and traffic network in the site, we divide the exsisting block into 9, to set a freedom of space and community organization. 8 type of living space is being tested in each block, except the middle one, the courtyard. So we study different living prototypes that have already existed.
Central C
8House, Singapore
Courtyard Housing
Courtyard
Units Considering these factors as the essence of the design, we move to the “part”—the unit. Inspired by the typical row house unit, a typology capable of variation through one direction, its length, our units operate on a structural grid of 5meters by 5 meters, or 16’ - 5” by 16’ - 5”, where one dimension is always fixed to an axis as the other expands or contracts. Thus, each unit—the micro (5x5), the studio (5x10), the one bed-room (5x15), and the two bed room (5x20). All differrent types of houses are formed by one or more of the three smaller standard units, which we consider as the bare necessities of a house:
The Core unit, with a kitchen and bathroom. According to water and gas supply, Core unit should lineup vertically for pipes and ducks, which alos makes them the origine point of each apartment, or the Core; The Clock unit, with a pivoting flexible wall, producing flexibility for different program layout in the space; The Zero unit, with programmable open space.
Different Worlds : Then, as we turn to the whole, the grid of the unit—the structure— extends from the unit scale to the whole site. Within this system, we divided the site, a mega block of lost scale, with a nine square grid, forming, at the scale of a larger “part”, eight blocks, with one block void in the center, each connecting the site to its context, each at a unique location and orientation. On the other hand, at the whole scale, the nine square grid is a microcosmic view of the site, consisting of nine blocks, with our site in the center. The morphology here naturally led to the idea of a courtyard, containing eight different worlds, eight parts, with the central courtyard uniting the eight to create the ninth world—the whole.
In furtherance, to concretize and justify the presence of eight worlds, we investigated eight typologies in reference to their suitability to the site’s various factors; demographics, light and air exposure, orientation, context. Starting from the south-east corner going clockwise, the terrace, as the propylaea to the complex, the dormitory, for students, the duplex, for families in business in the neighborhood, the balcony, for single families, the micro-apartment, for day to night workers, the elderly housing, for elders, the single-mother housing, for single mothers in need of daycare and playground for their children, and, finally, to the courtyard that is the prototype. As the typical house unit adapts to these different typologies, changes begin to form in and out of the units, through the capabilities and necessities of the aging body.
8 Blocks : 8 Worlds Programmatically, within each world, the ground level hosts different spaces that diversify the world and its residents from the others. The third level, a continuous strip of open space, acts as the threshold that connects the residents of different design as worlds. Perhaps, for us, the housing project is not to simply as eight different worlds but to design eight “parts” that together become the “whole”, each impacting another in symbiosis, each becoming a part of the other. It is, ultimately, eight worlds, at the same time, one—a micro urban, an archipelago of houses.
8 Worlds: 1 WORLD _Buffer Areas In sections it's obvious that area between each two housing typology plays a role not only diversify them but also connect them for the formation of a whole society, whcih means, besides traffic functions, the Buffer Area as a gap between houses also provide public spaces for indoor sports, relax and communications. The bottom part of the building is relatively tranparent to exterior space, introduce light, green and ventilation into the community.
Growing System Since metabolizing is one of our key concept, the building is set to be a growing system, which keeps being nurtured by people moving in when they use different type of unit to form their houses. The growing move is finally limited by the loading capacity of the structural framework by concrete beams and columns, but constructions by light material still happen on the roof.
modeling the light
2017.2 - 2017.5 studio Stella Betts gsapp, columbia university public library design
The strategy for this project of public library in Brooklyn, NYC, is to rethink the relationship between light and architecture form. In this program, light is a dynamic factor to shape the building, so the design process is modeling the light to get the form. Pairs of physical model is presented to push the design, because, on the one hand, the light study makes more sence in models of real world. On the other hand, the reason why I do NOT choose the first, is as important as that I choose the second.
Light penetration phenomenone
Light penetration position
Physical ight casting model
Presedent Study: Light Ray Ray Casting Casting Strategy
" I sense Light as the giver of all presences, and material as spent light. What is made by Light casts a shadow, and the shadow belongs to Light." Louis Kahn
Light in Space When looking in the lobby space of Isozzaki Library, Japan, the study is inspired by the expression of light filtering through the penetrable ceiling (II). As an untouchable physical element, light is always essential to characterize the space in different shade and direction. Since design always intends to shape the light by solid space component like windows, walls, columnes or beams, it's full of potential to opperate inverse, taking light of the main factor to shape the space.
Light casting diagram according to time piriod
Ray Casting
Casting 1 Day
The strategy is set to materialize, or cast, the light, by which light is getting more operable for further steps. One light filtering in Isozzaki library's ceiling is chosen as the light casting prototype ( I ). Inverse to shadow casting process, in the physical model ( II ), directed sunlight is casted into solid, throught the whole space, blocked and chopped by physical elments in the space, which in the model is transparent to go with the " inverse" idea. The outcome is interesting, not for its unexpected, random-like form, but the knowledge that, the light design can be read as an attamept of shaping the light. Once the light is shaped in specific form, no matter how or why, the space can be define as a negative part of the light form, just like the concrete which is being cast into the place. This inverse operation gives a lots of oppertunities for further exploration of light desigan practice.
Practically, light casting is also a matter of time. In architecture, it always means the time when the functions happens. Back to the Isozzaki Library, the diagram ( IV ) draws a picture of the light period and its realted day time, and the volume ( Range ) change according to each specific time ( Intensity ). According to unified opening time in NYC district, the library project in Brooklyn should open at 10am each day, leading the light casting focusing on daytime after 10 am, the balance of Range & Intensity, varifying the light shape according to the functions to create variouse experiences, and how it interacts with people using the library.
Site Location & Concept
Design Strategy: Model Pairs The site sits in one of several triangle blocks in downtown, Brooklyn, with 3 main traffic routes going across, where in the main view we get two vanishing point . So to create a new vanishing point, I create a new perspective, and break the boundary both visual and physical, to attract people in, forming a filed of public reading.
Model Paris The strategy is to overlap perspective concept and light casting in the design, to do which I introduce Model Pairs. In each Pair, one factor is being tested and others remain the same. One of the modle in each pair is chosen for further development, and the next Pair is based on it. In Pair I, I chose the one with eries of slopes, the angle of which is defined by the sunlight at winWter and summer solstice, to guarantee sun light the balance between light access and brightness in all seasons. The building is an open system to light and view. In Pair II, instead of create lyaers of flat floor slabs, I introduces same slopes into floors, to ensure the light goes deeper in the building.
In Pair III, to break the solid mass overwhelming to the street, I cut a path through the building connecting the street at each side of the building
Pair I: Open to Light
Pair II: Introducing Light
Pair III: Open to Urban System
Pair IV: Structure
Light Test Besides pairs, extra model is created to test how the concept going. Model A tests prove the penetration of light which even go through the building get the back street. Model B is a section model revew the main component of the building. Sloping floor introduce light in and the path cuting through the buiding conncected streets from each side. The flat areas at each floor are set to be programs such as auditorium, reading room and reception. The central part of the building is open to skylight, where there is a narrow courtyard to enter. The Left part of the Section shows in each level, the direct sunlight goes different depth of space, providing varias light quality and brightness. Overall, from top to bottom, the sun light retreats, but even in the basement, direct sunlight is also imported in, providing profound light experience.
Model B: Section Model
Model A
Compromise: Explosure in Light
Light penetration is more about concept and experience. However, when facing the practical need of library use, such as reading and film watching in auditorium, explosure of direct sunlight has to be under control to ensure the brightness of the space is approprate for using
Balcony
In this case,I cast the light again. The mat define the building form, and which part o program layout.
Auditorium
terialization makes it obviouse to see how the ligh of the building is occupied when overlap with the
Courtyard
The Casting Diagram shows the light condition in 5 parts of the building. Among them, the balcony get rich sunlight for people to enjoy the warm and view. The courtyard get sunlight in but not on the ground level, means people can stand in the shadow and read the sun location. Basement area are also lightened by natural light. However, for reading area and auditorium, the sunlight exlosure is far too much. According to Casting Perspective I & II, to improve people experience, a blocking system is in need, which can be achieved by structural elements and envelope design.
Basement
Reading area
Exterior Rendering: Facade System
Blocking System : Structure and Envelope
After study I go back to first, to enclose my building and keep the balance between the faรงade area and light access. The faรงade also helps filter the light to create an acceptable brightness, so people read in the reading room with porperate brightness and see direct light reaching the slopes. The detail model includes part of 3 floors in the building , with different light conditions in depth and brightness. This is to discuss the relationship beween reading program and interaction with sunlight, in which people get reading space in approprate brightness and can sense the direct light coming in without interupted from reading.
Physical Model Part II: Medium Level of Reading Area
Physical Model Part II: Medium Level of Reading Area
hinge of skyline
2016.10 studio William Arbizu gsapp, columbia university conceptual architecture design
The project sits at the Southwestern corner of the Union Square, Manhattan , NYC. The design is to break the rigid boundary of buildings and public space, with the meaning of bringing people from ground level to mutipul layers of urban activities. Movements happen within the building, they serve individually or together, in different order, responding to change of weather condition and people density, requiring calculate of every different situation.
Site Location & Skyline The building stands on the South East corner of the cross by 14th ST and University Palace ST, facing the Union Square, Manhattan, NYC. This city is in a great lack of open public space, so the strategy starts from the BOUNDARY between FLAT, OPEN square and ELEVATED, CLOSED buildings, which is a CLIFF visually and physically. So siting in the hinge of Skyline in different directions, the building is set to break the boundary to introduce interactions between building and open space, vertical urban exsisting and people.
Moving Parts While keeping the main mass of the exsisting building, the design is focused on the facade towards north to Union Sqare, where all the movement happen. The hinge of skyline is the conjunction of UNREACHABLE boundary against people. So to deconstruct the hinge, new layers for people's access and public activities, are introduced close to ground level.
System Locomotion
Time Strategy All the movements with their amplitude and time are based on weather condition and need for people. The combination of these two factors constrains the strategy but also, creates a variety of the situations, enriching the system into an urban term.
Top Section
Time Strategy
A single day is set for the specify the moving system. The sequences and lasting time of movements are results of combination of different factor within this day.
Fist, to explore exsisting possible public space, the starting point comes to this reachable short building, so I turn the edge of my building vertically down to it, as a bridge across the street to connect.
Second, to provide a shelter for MOVEMENT A when it is rainy. The initial goal is to react the change of weather according to rain and sun. However, when the shelter moves away for good weather, I see a potential connection to somewhere else and new spaces.
ATTACHMENT TO
ATTACHMENT TO
ATTACHEMENT TO
THE RAIL AND ENTRANCE
THE RAIL AND ENTRANCE
MOVEMENT C to hold the connection and provide more space for pubilic activities in need. It contains party and other late night activities during rush hour. Also, when it rains, MOVEMENT C happens to serve as the canopy for the street below, with no link to the top of the canopy.
The MOVEMENT D happens when good weather and large amount of people during rush hour at night, providing a dynamic platform for all possible gatering.
ATTACHMENT TO
STAIRCASE SLIDING
THE RAIL AND ENTRANCE
THE MOVEMENT RECORDED BY RAIL
mega structure
2017.9 - 2017.11 tech workshop gsapp columbia university theater design team work: Conor Barry, Jamie Waxter, Yidi Yang, Kuan He
The Greenpoint Theater locates on the entire Block 2590, Brooklyn with an approximate square footage of 24,000 SF. Based on the zoning code, all services are required to be above 4 feet high which is the flood line. The primary program is an open, large, versatile theatre space with a capacity for 300-700 people. The facility will be used for dramatic presentations, music events, concerts year-round. In addition to the main space, an open-air space which opens to the public even when the facility is colosed, and a multi-use Studio used by local artists and community groups are included in the project.
Concept: Public & visually transparency Footprint
Transparency is a key concept in the design of Greenpoint Theater. From this need the form of the building is set to be pulicly open and giving the main parts flexibility to act as space-efficient places. We proposed a building where beneath the main part of the theater (auditorium and restaurant), there was a free open space flexible according to the needs of the outdoor shows or market. To maximise space and concept, services on gournd level ( entrance, foyer. loading area) are banished to two sides of the perimeter. As the architectural form of the building evolved, particular attention was paid to its structure system, by which a hunging movement could happen steady. Also visualy, the envelope system of the Main Mass is senced in both exterior and interior spaces, enriching the experience for people when enter or stay. So the Main Mass, which is also the hanging mass, should be visually separate from other part of the building, leaving each side visible for people. In this case, the gap between each parts is maintained as an outdoor buffer zone with small enclosed bridges linking the building for funcional integrity.
Mega Structure: Hanging system
For the Main Mass, we proposed a hanging system composed by 8 Supuer columns and 3 type of trusses (Top to bottom: T3, T2 and T1), which are at different levels to hold floor slabs. T3 and T2 are both top truss but we shift the primeter truss (T2) downwards below the roof to hide them. Therefore, people on the ground level can't see T3 or T2, which reduced the height of the hanging box visually. T2 and T3 are connceted to Super columns and connected vertically by posts. T1 holding the bottom of the mass is connected by hangers from T2 Servise Zone is in formal steel framework by columns and beams, which also helps the hanging structure resisting shear force. As a result, Greenpoint Theater became a clean grouping of boxes, almost floating in feeling – an effect enhanced by the stepback of Service Zone and teh height of the open space beneath the Main Mass
Programs Layout : Sections Plans Section
Plan (Next Page)
In the Main Mass, the hanging system creates several levels of spaces, which are (From bottom to top) outdoor open space, column - free space, free and atrium space.
Main Mass in plan is senced as a pure square shape geometry giving space to flexibility such as moveable furnitures in restaurant and seats in auditorium.The central area of each program is in special consideration, because the T1 are connected by hangers which penetrate the floors to the T2. So we on the one hand put main program out of that area ( Dinning zone in restaurant, Stage in Auditorium), on the other hand we take the central area as axis to achieve symmetry in each program layout.
Therefore on level 1 we sink the ground to produce a undefined place for public activities such as market or outdoor shows, and it remains occupiable 24 hours each day. The level 2 is set to be restaurant, in which the central part with hangers is the main stage for band performance. The Level 3 to the roof is a nearly triple height space for auditorium and stage. In Service Zone, the program is planned to face the practical need in Main Mass, scuh as HVAC system, Loading dock and other transportation are specificly planted to maximum the efficiency and save space.
Service Zone is stepback to the adjacent exsiting building, halfway surrounding the Main Mass, providing reception, transportation, electracity, gas and water for kitchen, backstage and control room in every program. The completeness of the program is maintained by bridges, one of which is for staff and loading and the other is for visitors.
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
4th Floor
Elevation I
Elevation II
Louvers Phase 1: Louvers & Glazing Mullions Louvers Phase 2: Louvers & Metal Studs
Joint : Structure details Connetions is designed to serve overall structural system. While there are hundries of ways to do, we tend to simplify each connection according to purify the form and indicate the fact that structure follows the architectural need.
gallery in valley 2017.5 - 2017.9 intern dEEP Architects Chengde, Hebei, China team work: Daode Li, Ding Kuai, Yuan Zhou, Wenmo Liu, Kuan He
This project includes a resort planing and a landmark gallery siting in the mountain. Considering the unique location with mountain, the methodology is to create a diaglog between Parametric Architectural Form and Traditional Chinese Architecture and Cultural System behind it.
Siting in the valley, the building is designed as a part of the environmenta system, which fits to Chinese ancient philosophy of human and nature, which is: What Human Built is Detailed Nature.
Maste Plan of the Resort & Cultural Center
Site Strategy: Program Layout Plans Planing
Interior plans
The Cultural Center in Fenghuang Valley is the landmark of the big governmental project including a mountain resort and new residential district around it. All the buildings' layout is free formed along with the mountain valley, and the Cultural Center it the end of this building cluster, siting in the middle of valley, which is at the highest altitude.
The interior space layout is driven by the topography and building form. Each floor is varing in scale and shape, leaving spaces with different height and with visual conncetion, which creates a relatively light, transparent and vivid interior. To maximum the light use, we put lobby and dinning hall on the higher level while
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Structural Test The structure system sits in the bottom of the vally, extending into mountain body for continuos interior space. A plane platform at bottom is introduced to hold the whole system, piles in the soil, fullfilling the mountain cavaty and provide an ocupable outdoor space. Several curve steal beam are constrained by straight ones perpendicularly intersected, held by shear walls at each side for a clear, columne-free, atrium space in the middle.
Plan of Structural System
South Elevation of Structural
Axonometric View of Structural System
Physical Structural Model
Facade System & Material A glazing facade system is applicated to maximum the light and view while series of short pieces of bamboo louvers is used to block some light for spcific area, such as cafe and lounge. The explosure of steel frame would feel cold and impair building's consistency with nature. So we use wood panels to cover them, leaving the space warmer and more friendly to visitors. Also, timber and bamboo are the dominant material for Chinese ancient architecture. So the application of these materials also creates a dialogue with past.
Roof The building form is dominated by the curving roof which is a reflection of mountain curves in the site. After the form created by curving beams, we introduce the roof surface with roof tile, which is also a signiture element for Chinese architecture. Roof tiles are jointed on the aluminum square steels fixed on several layers for insulation and water-proof.