ONION WORLD Voice of the Industry • OnionWorld.net • March / April 2020
Allium Leafminer Is No Minor Inconvenience
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Onion World • March / April 2020
Table of Contents Magazines For Maximum Yield
ONION WORLD Volume 36, Number 3
March / April 2020
PO Box 333 Roberts, Idaho 83444 Telephone: (208) 520-6461
www.O n i o n W o r l d .n e t Onion World Contacts
6 Allium Leafminer Is No Minor Inconvenience Updates From the Northeastern US
Publisher / Advertising Manager Dave Alexander dave@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com Editor Denise Keller editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com
10 An Event With Energy
Idaho and Malheur County Onion Growers Associations Annual Meeting
16 Improving Brix and Storability in Onions 20 Growth Essentials Buyers' Guide
Director of Operations Brian Feist brian@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com
EDITORIAL INFORMATION Onion World is interested in newsworthy material related to onion production and marketing. Contributions from all segments of the industry are welcome. Submit news releases, new product submissions, stories and photos via email to: editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com, or call (509) 697-9436.
ADVERTISING SALES For information on rates, mechanics, deadlines, list rental, direct mail, inserts or other information, call (208) 520-6461 or email: dave@onionworld.net
SUBSCRIPTIONS U.S. $24 per year Canada $40 per year Foreign $80 per year Payments may be made by check, Visa, MasterCard or American Express.
Candi Fitch, executive director at the Idaho-Oregon Fruit and Vegetable Association, takes nominations for the Marketing Order elections during the Idaho and Malheur County Onion Growers Associations Annual Meeting. See the story on page 10.
4
On the Cover
Departments
The allium leafminer has spread to six states in the northeastern U.S. Researchers are studying the invasive pest and evaluating control options. See the story on page 6.
18 19 22 24
Onion World • March / April 2020
New Products Calendar In the News From the NOA
Subscribe online at: www.OnionWorld.net or call (503) 724-3581. Email address changes/corrections to brian@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com or mail to: Onion World PO Box 333 Roberts, ID 83444 Onion World magazine (ISSN 1071-6653), is published eight times a year and mailed under a standard rate mailing permit at Idaho Falls, Idaho and at additional mailing offices. Produced by Columbia Media Group PO Box 333, Roberts, ID, 83444. Copyright 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Columbia Media Group. For information on reprints call (208) 520-6461.
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MADE IN THE USA
Allium Leafminer Is No Minor Inconvenience Updates From the Northeastern US By Lindsy Iglesias and Brian Nault, Cornell University
I
f you grow onion or other alliums in the northeastern U.S., you might have already heard of a new invasive pest called the allium leafminer (Phytomyza gymnostoma). This tiny fly was first found on a farm in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in December 2015. The fly is originally from Poland, but has become an important pest of alliums throughout Europe and now the northeastern U.S. Since 2015, the allium leafminer (ALM) has spread to six states, including Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania (Fig. 1). The mechanism for its spread is unclear, but may be aided by the transport of infested plant material throughout the region. Currently, there are no reports of ALM in other allium growing regions in the U.S.
What to Look For and When
Adult ALM look similar to other leafminer flies found in alliums, such as the American serpentine leafminer (all U.S.) and the vegetable leafminer (southern U.S.). However, ALM is slightly larger than the others (2.5-3.5 mm, Fig. 2). Unlike the other common leafminers, the allium leafminer has two generations a year in the northeastern U.S., one in the spring and one in the fall. Spring-generation adults begin emerging in mid-April, while fall-generation adults begin emerging in mid-September. Shortly after emerging, the females will search for available alliums to make their distinctive circular punctures, called oviposition marks, on the leaves. These oviposition marks are typically in a linear pattern along the upper half of
6
the leaves and can range from one mark to several (Fig. 3). Females will lay eggs in these oviposition punctures for four to six weeks. Additionally, both males and females can be found feeding on the plant exudates from these marks throughout the season. The oviposition marks are usually the first sign of infestation in a field. After the eggs hatch, larvae mine through the leaf downward toward the lower portions of the plant (Fig. 3). The larvae are large (approximately 8 mm) compared to other leafminer larvae and are white to light yellow in color (Fig. 4). Larval feeding can occur through early June during the spring generation and late November during the fall generation. Eventually, the larvae will pupate in the lower portion of the plant or will exit the plant and pupate in the surrounding soil. The pupae are oblong, 3-4 mm long, and range from light to dark brown (Fig. 4). At the end of each generation, the pupae enter
Onion World • March / April 2020
a resting stage during the summer and winter months and will remain there until they emerge as adults the following season.
Host Plants, Damage
As the name suggests, the allium leafminer attacks cultivated and wild plants in the Allium genus. The most economically important allium hosts for ALM are dry bulb onion, leek, scallion, chive, garlic and ornamental alliums. Infestation has also been recorded in giant onion, garlic chive, wild garlic and wild onion in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York. The presence of oviposition marks and mining cause cosmetic injury to crops sold for their foliage, such as
New York Massachusetts Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland
Figure 1. Map shows allium leafminer distribution in the northeastern U.S. as of October 2019.
Figure 2. Adult allium leafminer female flies make distinctive circular marks in a linear pattern on the leaves of alliums. Photo by Riley Harding, Cornell University
Figure 3. Oviposition marks are typically in a linear pattern on the upper half of leaves. Larvae feed on the leaves, creating visible mines as they move toward the bottom portion of the plant.
Figure 5. Allium crops that have green foliage available when allium leafminer (ALM) adults are active in the spring and fall in the northeastern U.S. are at highest risk of infestation.
chive, scallion and ornamentals. The presence of larvae or pupae, larval feeding and associated bacterial rot can render onion, garlic, scallion and leek unmarketable. It is important to note that infestations of ALM in commercial dry bulb onion fields have been negligible and no economic loss has occurred. The crops that are most at risk for ALM damage are those that have green foliage available during the two generations (Fig. 5). In the northeastern U.S., early-transplanted onions are at risk of infestation in the spring, whereas direct-seeded onion misses both generations completely and should be able to avoid infestation. Scallion and garlic overlap with the spring generation, and scallion and leek are available in
Figure 4. Allium leafminer larvae will pupate in the bottom portion of the plant or in the surrounding soil. Photo by Riley Harding, Cornell University
Pupae Larva
the fall; therefore, all are at high risk for attack by ALM. Wild alliums are available during both generations, and though not economically important, can serve as a source of population growth for ALM in the landscape. The worst ALM infestations and most severe economic loss has occurred in leek, scallion and garlic, which were all grown on small farms, especially those managed using organic practices.
What We Know About Management Cultural controls may reduce ALM infestations. Silver reflective mulches have been shown to reduce ALM damage in leeks and scallions by 30 to 35 percent compared to black and white mulches. However, Cornell Cooperative Extension vegetable specialists who conducted the research, Ethan Grundberg and Teresa Rusinek, note that when ALM populations were high, reflective mulches did not completely protect the crop from infestation, and applications of Entrust (spinosad, IRAC 5) were required (Fig. 6). Additional cultural controls include delaying planting or harvesting early to avoid the spring and fall generations. Delayed planting may be especially useful in the northeastern U.S. to prevent infestation of transplanted onions. Rotating crops out of alliums may also reduce populations by cutting off the food supply during the year. OnionWorld.net
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Allium Leafminer Sanitation to remove unmarketable plant material that may be infested with ALM larvae or pupae is crucial for controlling populations of flies the following season. Row covers installed before adults emerge at the start of the season and that remain over the crop during the season may help exclude adults from infesting the crop. However, since the first detection of infestation is only after oviposition marks have been made and adult flies are already in the field, timing the installation of row covers
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Figure 6. Reflective mulches reduced the number of allium leafminer larvae and pupae in leeks more than white mulch, but required two insecticide applications on weeks two and four to reduce allium leafminer to fewer than five per plant.
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Figure 7. Foliar applications of Entrust co-applied with M-Pede on weeks three and four were just as effective at reducing allium leafminer (ALM) damage as spraying every week.
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chinookequipment.com or call 800-219-2245 or 208-331-1126 Figure 8. Entrust applied as a plug drench or bare-root dip to onion transplants significantly reduced allium leafminer (ALM) damage. Using Entrust in this manner is not currently on the manufacturer’s label.
8
Onion World • March / April 2020
to completely protect the crop from egglaying females will be challenging until better monitoring tools are developed. Chemical controls are the most effective methods for managing ALM. Always review the product label or contact your local extension agent for more information on the regulations of the product in your state and your crop prior to applying. Several conventional and OMRI-Listed products have been evaluated as foliar applications for control of ALM in leeks, scallions and onions in New York. The products Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran, IRAC 4), Exirel (cyantraniliprole, IRAC 28) and Radiant (spinetoram, IRAC 5), all co-applied with LI 700 (soy oil), performed consistently well and provided over 78 percent control of ALM. Of the OMRI products tested, only Entrust (spinosad, IRAC 5) co-applied with M-Pede provided adequate control (70 percent). Timing of foliar applications has been investigated to reduce the number of sprays per season in order to meet label restrictions, while still providing adequate control. Trials in leeks in New York evaluated the use of Entrust co-applied with M-Pede at different intervals during the growing season starting when the first oviposition marks were observed in the field. Insecticide programs that had two applications made consecutively in weeks three and four reduced ALM infestation similar to six weekly applications (Fig. 7). Alternative application techniques have also been evaluated for ALM control in transplanted onions. Entrust has shown to be effective as bare-root dip and plug plant drench treatments, providing more than 91 percent control (Fig. 8). Using Entrust in this manner is not currently on the manufacturer’s label, but is being investigated for future supplementary labels.
What’s Next?
Researchers at Cornell University and Cornell Cooperative Extension are currently trying to understand more about this invasive pest in its new environment. One study has been investigating
ALM visual preferences and how this information could be used to inform better trap designs for monitoring. Another study is looking at ALM preferences for different allium crops and how far ALM will travel to find their host in the landscape. Currently, ALM has not been detected outside of the northeastern U.S. To minimize risk of ALM spreading to other U.S. onion production regions, California has an active quarantine in place for bulb Onion World Buyers 1 onions produced in Guide_Sept2018_Layout states where ALM
has been detected. Washington, Oregon, Georgia and Texas are in various stages of the process, but do not have an active quarantine in place yet. If you think you have seen ALM injury in your allium fields, please contact your local extension agent immediately. Additional questions can be directed to Brian Nault, professor of entomology at Cornell University, at ban6@cornell.edu. Follow the Nault Lab at
9/25/2018 9:17 AM Page 1 http://nault.entomology.cornell.edu/
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Idaho and Malheur County Onion Growers Associations Annual Meeting Paul Skeen and Dell Winegar are the newest members of the Onion Hall of Fame. Pictured from left are executive committee vice-chairman Cory Maag, presenter John Wong, Skeen, vice president Jarom Jemmett and Winegar.
An Event With Energy Story and photos by Dave Alexander, Publisher
T
he 60th version of the Idaho and Malheur County Onion Growers Associations Annual Meeting was held on Feb. 4 in Ontario, Oregon. This meeting features many speakers, seed reports and a bustling trade show that keeps growing. A fat, but organized program is packed with information and research data from university presenters. Onion Hall of Fame winners are celebrated, and door prizes include buckets of seed, cash and jackets. This is one of our favorite events of the over-crowded show season, primarily due to its one-day format. Short hours give this event an energy and “do-it-now” mentality that is missing at other locations. If you are looking to add an event to your schedule next year, definitely consider this one.
Thrips Control
Among the presenters was Stuart Reitz with Oregon State University. In his presentation on onion thrips, he said that each thrip on an onion plant decreases marketable yield by 13 cwt or 1 percent. The decrease is even more substantial on colossals and super colossals, dropping yield 27 cwt or 2.7 percent. To help with control, Reitz gave attendees some general guidelines for better eight-time spray plans: • Use Movento later in the season (applications two and three or three and four). • Use Radiant or other effective knockdown products at the peak of thrip activity.
• Volume of spray can make a difference in insecticide efficacy. In trials, 35 gallons per acre (GPA) versus 20 GPA provided better control of thrips. Insecticides such as Agri-mek and Radiant do not move systemically within the plant, and higher spray volumes help these types of insecticides reach the base of inner onion leaves where thrips populations are highest. Reitz also cautioned growers about using Lannate as a knockdown. The insecticide is just not as effective as it once was. In trials conducted last year, late-season use of Lannate saw increased numbers of thrips. See Table 1 for the best thrip prevention spray plan that Reitz tested in 2019.
Thrips Control Treatment Date Treatment
June 8 June 14 June 21 June 28 July 4 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Mpede+ Movento+ Movento+ Agri-Mek+ Agri-Mek+ Aza-Direct Aza-Direct M-Pede Captiva Captiva
July 12 6th Radiant+ M-Pede
July 19 7th Radiant+ M-Pede
July 26 8th Aza-Direct
Table 1: This eight-time treatment regimen worked the best to control thrips in 2019 at the OSU Malheur Experiment Station.
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Onion World • March / April 2020
Food Safety
If your farm didn’t get inspected last year for compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act’s (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, your time is coming, either this year or in 2021. Pamm Juker with the Idaho State Department of Agriculture said that 45 large farms or packers in the Gem State were required to be inspected in 2019. These farms had annual average sales over $500,000. In 2020, farms with $250,000 to $500,000 annual sales will be inspected, and those with $25,000 to $250,000 will have their time in 2021.
Mike Thornton with the University of Idaho tells growers that in trials conducted last summer, use of the herbicide ethofumasate (e.g. Nortron, Ethotron) increased the number of deformed onion plants, leading to a decrease in singlecenter onions. This effect was seen in a numbered variety, but not in Vaquero.
Gina Greenway with the College of Idaho tells growers that they should be getting $6.72 to $7.44 per 50-pound sack of onions.
Raise your grade with Nutrien’s CAN17. This fast-acting, easy to apply and highly effective fertilizer contains two forms of nitrogen that are designed for quick response and sustained feeding. With more soluble calcium to help improve tolerance against disease and reduce levels of rot, it gives onions higher quality and greater yields for high-grade profits. Ask your retailer for the original CAN17 from Nutrien, or visit liquidcropnutrients.com © 2020 Nutrien. 66857
OnionWorld.net
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Idaho and Malheur County Onion Growers Associations Annual Meeting
Stuart Reitz tells attendees at the Ontario meeting not to tank mix for the sake of tank mixing. “If product A isn’t working, mixing it with product B isn’t going to make product A work any better,” he said.
Inspectors spend an average of two and a half hours on the farm. Of the 45 Idaho farms inspected last year, 13 had noncompliance issues. Seven of these 13 were able to correct their non-compliance issues while inspectors were still on the farm.
The most common issues observed nationwide were in health and hygiene including: • Returning to workstation from designated break area without washing hands
• Eating in areas used for a covered activity • No handwashing facilities on site • Dirty hands, clothing or other hygiene issue considered a food-contact surface • Coughing, sneezing, scratching and continuing to conduct a covered activity without washing hands Another area of frequent noncompliance was in the lack of recordkeeping for soil amendments. Juker reminded attendees that if soil amendments are applied, a copy of the treatment process is required during inspection. Other frequent recordkeeping gaffes were no or incomplete records documenting employee training and for cleaning and sanitizing processes. A large majority of the non-compliance observations were seen in equipment, tools, buildings and sanitation. These centered around proper storage and cleaning of tools, unsanitary buildings, pests in buildings, inadequate disposal of trash and inadequate restroom sanitation. Free and confidential help is available in the form on on-farm readiness reviews before inspection. Of the Idaho farms that had a readiness review before inspection, nearly 75 percent were in complete compliance with the Produce Safety Rule.
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BASF Nunhems rep Brett Ross shares statistics on Nunhems varieties. The highest yielding variety per bag count last year and also over an eight-year average was Joaquin.
calcium at your service
Calcium is a secondary plant nutrient that plays a major role in onion development and internal bulb quality. In-season calcium applications maximize crop potential and minimize yield losses due to mishandling and shrinkage in storage. CaTs® from Crop Vitality™ can supply your crop with essential calcium and sulfur when and where you need it. CaTs® efficient liquid formulation delivers 100% soluble calcium and sulfur immediately available for plant uptake. Research conducted in the Pacific Northwest applying 10 GPA CaTs® through the irrigation system at bulb initiation, followed by 10 GPA 7 to 10 days later has shown yield increases at harvest, as well as reduced shrink in storage. Ensure your onions receive critical nutrients with an in-season application of CaTs®. Crop Vitality™ Specialists can provide assistance regarding application, blending, field studies and technical data. Learn more about CaTs® at cropvitality.com
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Top-Tailer Recognised as a market leading finish topper, the Nicholson Top-Tailer comes in various widths and configurations, new for this year is a clever auto speed control system and a new drive system reducing power requirements.
Nicholson Launches 2020 Line of Onion Equipment Nicholson Equipment LLC, based in Michigan, has released their 2020 Parts and Service onion line. Nicholson Equipment LLC opened The new line includes a range of its new Michigan facility in 2018. new equipment and improvements to Daniel Nicholson is also the existing designs. Parts and service Managing Director of Nicholson Daniel Nicholson, President of Machinery Ltd based in the UK. Nicholson Nicholson says, “We are very proud ofEquipment LLC opened its new Heinsays, “Our company has over in Michigan 2018, Daniel Nicholson the new equipment we havefacility released, 50 years of experience suppling Director of Nicholson Machinery some of it being completelyManaging new customers with machines and parts. designs. We have also doneLtd alterations based in the UK says, our company has We have always understood the to popular-selling equipment. over 50 years of experience suppling importance of giving customers a These changes have made our range with machines and parts and has customers fast response for parts, to avoid any even more appealing to customers, always understood the importance forOpening giving unnecessary downtime. especially those with the soft shortcustomers a fast for parts avoidfor our thisresponse USA facility was to critical day onions.” any necessary customers. downtime, Michigan opening this facility is our main hub Nicholson added, “Working closely was critical forand our has customers, Michigan a large amount of isstock for with growers/packers, their operators our main hub and largeofamount of stock our has full arange equipment. Smaller and service engineers have provided hubs be opening for our full range of will equipment, witharound smallerthe USA us with the information needed to so we can give customers an even hubs opening around the USA we can give design and build equipment to suit more efficient option. ” customer’s an even more efficient option. the USA market. Each individual Nicholson offers a full range customer’s requirements and of onion equipment, including conditions can be met, making the harvesters, field toppers, top tailers equipment easier to operate and and windrower/lifters. maintain, while being very gentle on the crop.”
To make an appointment to visit the Michigan facility, go to www.nicholson-equipment.com.
Harvesters
The range offers machines that can load into bags, bins or bulk trailers and trucks. 2020 models offer ultra-sound auto depth control, self-leveling and steering axles. Machines can be used picking up a lifted crop or direct harvest.
t: 855-844-8666 | e: sales@nicholson-equ Nicholson Equipment | 505 S. Division
Top-Tailer
Recognized as a market leading finish topper, the Nicholson Top-Tailer comes in various widths and configurations. New for this year, is a clever auto-speed control system and a new drive system that reduces power requirements.
Field Topper
The Nicholson field topper has become a best-seller within the USA market, with the new modifications designed and tested in 2019. These include new direct drive lines, an easy-clean system and an all new auto depth control system. Toppers are made to suit all bed widths. The new 3-bed fold-up machine is a fast and effective way of topping onions.
Windrower/Lifter
Windrowers from Nicholson are available in various widths and have been designed to suit all types of soil, while handling the crop with extreme care. The new 3-bed lifter has been aimed at long-day onion growers where quick harvesting is essential to get the onions into storage. It can pick up 3 beds and place into 2 beds or a single bed, cutting loading time dramatically while reducing damage caused by maneuvering in the field.
uipment.com | w: nicholson-equipment.com Ave | Fremont, Michigan | 49412-1682
Improving Brix
and Storability in Onions
By Rich Fedigan, Marketing Manager, Oro Agri
Why Nanocal?
“It works great on potatoes, why not onions?” That is the question Oro Agri field researchers asked themselves about Nanocal , a sub-micronized liquid calcium product. In potato trials across the U.S., the researchers saw significant increases in calcium levels, better uniformity, less bruising and skinning and better storability of all potato varieties tested. They figured the product would have similar results in onions. Although calcium is often thought of as a secondary micronutrient for onions, it still plays a crucial role in plant health and quality. It is important for root development, and early crop growth demand for available calcium spikes during bulb formation and early enlargement. This is the growth stage when the most cell division takes place within the bulb. Because it acts as the “glue” that binds cells together, if a deficiency of available calcium occurs during this stage, the crop quality and integrity is often compromised and storability suffers because of bruising and the physical breakdown of the cells. Calcium included in a standard soil nutrition program is often not effective in preventing calcium deficiency problems. The lack of mobility of calcium in the soil or the slow mineralization of calcium sources can mean the onion plant is starved for calcium during the period of high demand during bulb formation. This lack of available calcium during bulb formation is the problem researchers hoped to remedy with Nanocal applications. ®
Calcium Concentration in Red Onions
The calcium carbonate particles in Nanocal are milled to an average of 0.7 microns. This small size makes the particles readily available for root uptake upon application without waiting for the calcium to mineralize. The small size of the particles also means that an application floods a plant’s root zone with more calcium particles. To illustrate, picture the number of marbles in a fivegallon bucket versus the number of tennis balls in the same size bucket. More particles in the soil means more calcium will come in contact with the meristematic region of growing roots for more rapid and efficient calcium uptake. In addition, it is well established that calcium moves primarily through the plant’s transpiration system. For effective distribution of calcium in the plant, it must be taken up by the roots and translocated throughout the plant, including to the bulbs. Nanocal is designed to be soil-applied so it comes in direct contact with the roots for efficient uptake into the plant. It is formulated with Oro Agri’s patent-pending TransXylem technology that facilitates easy movement of material upward from the roots to other parts of the plant, including rapidly developing bulbs. The effectiveness of Nanocal can be attributed to its application timing. The product is designed to be applied just prior to or at bulking. This is the growth phase of the bulb when calcium is most needed for healthy development. It is not meant to correct calcium deficiencies in the soil but rather to be a readily available source of calcium during the critical cell division phase of bulbs. Even if gypsum or limestone is applied as part of a soil fertility program, enough calcium may not be available to the onion plant during the high-demand period of bulb formation because of the slow mineralization of those materials.
Calcium Concentration in Yellow Onions Calcium Concentration in Yellow Onions 5800
Calcium Concentration in Red Onions 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200
3027
↑ 46%
2000 1800 1600
2078
1400
5600
Calcium Dry Weight Conc. (mg/kg)
Calcium Dry Weight Conc. (mg/kg)
3200
5200 5000
↑ 20%
5686
4800 4600
4744
4400
1200 1000
NANOCAL NANOCAL
Untreated Untreated
Figure 1. Applying Nanocal during bulbing resulted in increases in calcium levels.
16
5400
Onion World • March / April 2020
4200
NANOCAL NANOCAL
Untreated
Untreated
0
NANOCAL
Untreated
Chart 4
Yellow Onions NANOCAL Untreated
9.7 in Red Onions Brix Concentration Brix Concentration in Red Onions 8.8
Brix Concentration in Yellow Onions Brix Concentration in Yellow Onions 12
12
↑ 9.4%
11 10
10 9 8 7 6
11.6
10.6
5 4
Brix Concentration %
Brix Concentration %
11
8 7 6 5 4
3
3
2
2
1 0
↑ 10.2%
9
9.7
8.8
NANOCAL NANOCAL
Untreated Untreated
1
NANOCAL NANOCAL
Untreated Untreated
0
Figure 2. Nanocal was able to increase already acceptable Brix levels.
Results 12
Brix Concentration in Yellow Onions
Brix Concentration %
11 2018 and 2019 seasons, Oro Agri researchers During the conducted 10on-farm field trials in the Bear River City, Utah, area ↑ 10.2% 9 on yellow onions and the “black sands” area of Washington on red 8 onions. All the Nanocal treatments (16-32 oz./acre) were applied 7 through drip6 irrigation at bulking to place the calcium in the root zone during5 the period of highest demand. 8.8 9.7 The analysis of the onions showed increases in both calcium 4 3 and Brix levels. Calcium levels increased by 46 percent in reds 2 and 20 percent in yellows as a result of the Nanocal treatment (Fig. 1). In 1turn, the higher calcium levels in the Nanocal-treated 0 Untreated NANOCAL onions helped maintain the integrity of the bulbs that had been subject to five frosts before harvest and a month in cold storage before being evaluated. The untreated onions were already showing degradation while the Nanocal-treated bulbs remained firm. Also, although both the untreated yellow and red onions were already in the good/excellent range of Brix, the Nanocal treatment was able to raise the Brix level approximately 10 percent in both onion trials (Fig. 2). On-farm trials of Nanocal treatments on different onion varieties will continue in the 2020 season to increase the understanding of calcium’s role in producing high quality onions.
The untreated onion on the right shows signs of poor storability while the bulb on the left, treated with Nanocal, maintains quality.
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17
New Products
Company Cuts Into Market With New Slicer
FAM recently unveiled its new V-belt slicing machine, the Volantis. The machine is suited for the transverse slicing of a wide range of vegetables and can cut onions in slices or discs. The machine can be fed manually or by a feeding system. The more than 2-meters-long infeed section contributes to a better orientation of the product and will align it to prevent it from tumbling while it is fed into the slicing wheel, according to the company. The combination of the high speed of the knives and the unique cutting method is designed to produce uniform slices with a smooth surface while minimizing breakage and ragged ends, thus increasing the shelf-life of products. Visit www.fam.be/en/machine/volantis.
Irrigation Product Earns Innovation Award
Lindsay Corporation’s new FieldNET Pivot Watch has been selected as an AE50 award winner for 2020. Presented by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, the award recognizes innovative designs in engineering products or systems for the food and agriculture industries. FieldNET Pivot Watch is billed as the company’s budget-friendly irrigation monitoring solution. Pivot Watch works on any pivot brand and offers do-ityourself installation. It includes a solar-powered remote telemetry device and a monitor-only subscription to Lindsay’s FieldNET irrigation management platform. Pivot Watch has integrated cellular connectivity, GPS positioning and other embedded sensors, enabling growers to remotely monitor their pivots’ functions using the FieldNET app.
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Onion World • March / April 2020
BioSafe Systems Releases New Insecticide
BT NOW is a new aqueous, biological insecticide from BioSafe Systems labeled to control various lepidoptera pests in a wide variety of crops, including onions. Its formula consists of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Btk) strain EVB-113-19, a new variation of the Btk bacterium that targets the lepidoptera insect while remaining easy on many beneficials and pollinators. This specialized Btk strain makes BT NOW an effective resistance management tool that is compatible with many commonly used pesticides, fertilizers and adjuvants, according to the company. BT NOW contains insecticidal endotoxins called Cry toxins that disperse in the pest’s digestive tract. These toxins bind to the insect’s midgut receptors, immediately disrupting and paralyzing certain digestive functions. Within hours following application, the effected young lepidoptera pests will cease feeding and will die from starvation two to five days later. Visit www.biosafesystems.com.
Calendar
June 16-19
New Device Stops Equipment Remotely
Smart Ag LLC has developed a patent-pending Wireless Safety Stop to shut off electrical equipment from up to 6,500 feet away. The aftermarket device is meant to keep farmers and their workers productive and safe. It gives users greater control over their equipment and helps them improve their daily work processes to operate more efficiently, according to the company. The unit ties directly into existing interlock systems and will stop the entire production line with the touch of a button. Users can move the portable Safety Stop from one piece of farm, processing plant or warehouse equipment to another by unplugging, moving the magnetic base and relocating. Double M Ag and Irrigation is a stocking distributor for the new Wireless Safety Stop. Visit www.doublemsupply.com.
July 15-18
United Fresh 2020 San Diego www.unitedfresh.org
National Onion Association Summer Convention Nashville, Tenn. www.onions-usa.org
July 8
Oct. 15-17
Summer Farm Festival and Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Ontario, Oregon Janet Jones, (541) 889-2174 or janet.jones@oregonstate.edu
PMA Fresh Summit Convention and Expo Dallas www.freshsummit.com
Editor’s note: To have your event listed, please email Denise Keller editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com Please send your information 90 days in advance.
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19
Growth Essentials Buyers’ Guide
Actagro • www.actagro.com/products Structure and Katalyst
Structure has been a key phosphorus tool for farmers for over 20 years, with particular success in some of the most phosphorus challenging soils in the world. Phosphorus availability and mobility allows Structure to protect phosphorus from soil tie-up, and researchers and farmers have seen better phosphorus movement from a soil application. Longer-lasting and more mobile phosphorus allows farmers to use less product and create operation efficiencies. Apply Structure at planting to stimulate root growth and deliver highly available phosphorus, giving your onions a jumpstart. Katalyst is a highly available potassium form (potassium acetate) reacted with a unique carbon extraction that has yielded highly plant-available potassium. Research has shown the improvement of plant permeability via both root and leaf (plant availability) with Katalyst. Katalyst is a chloride-free, liquid potassium, making it easy to incorporate into any nutritional program, as it can be applied directly to soil, in-furrow, foliar or through an irrigation system. Katalyst blends well with any fluid source and can be mixed with other macronutrients. Apply at bulb bulking to increase bulb size and quality.
Agro-K • www.agro-k.com Sysstem SeaCal
Sysstem SeaCal is designed to support the calcium needs of onions while also minimizing plant stress and improving nutrient uptake. Sysstem SeaCal is a low pH calcium phosphite solution that is rapidly absorbed through waxy onion leaf surfaces, delivering plant-available calcium more quickly and completely to improve cell wall integrity and bulb firmness. Sysstem SeaCal is a unique foliar calcium in that it also aids in increased root foraging capacity by enhancing the natural root exudate process that plants use to free up and extract soil-bound nutrients. Increasing this natural “root flushing” activity improves nutrient and moisture uptake, leading to increased bulb quality, size and yield.
For More Details Ask For Lee L. Shuknecht Dale Shuknecht Matt Geissler
20
Onion World • March / April 2020
Email turbotop@lmspecfab.com
585.283.4847
OMEX • www.omexusa.com Cell Power Slyce
Coming to grips with a commonly overlooked nutrient in onion production could help growers improve marketable yields and bulb storage, according to Omex Agrifluids USA. Onions require little nutrient management between germination and bulb initiation, but as soon as the bulb starts to form, the plant enters a phase of rapid nutrient uptake. Avoiding calcium deficiency during this period is vital; the element is a key component in cells walls, building healthy, firm bulbs with an increased shelf life. Discoloration and dieback of the leaf tip is usually the first sign of a deficiency. Cell Power Slyce, a complex liquid formulation containing calcium nitrate and humic acid, has demonstrated efficient calcium delivery in trials. Evidence also shows that calcium nitrate is one of the most effective nitrate sources for highyielding onion crops. Meanwhile, the humic acid component acts to enhance the soil’s aeration, nutrient- and waterholding capacity.
Vive Crop Protection • wwww.vivecrop.com AZteroid FC 3.3
AZteroid FC 3.3 contains nanotechnology, allowing it to be premixed with fertilizer, water and other crop protection products or in bulk containers delivered to the field. The nanotechnology in AZteroid FC 3.3 has removed mixing issues so plugged nozzles, screens and gummed-up lines and tanks are issues of the past. AZteroid FC 3.3 is Vive Crop Protection’s newest choice for controlling Rhizoctonia in onions. The product contains azoxystrobin, an effective active ingredient to protect against the disease. AZteroid FC 3.3 is mobile in the plant so it protects the new growth and provides plant health benefits, as well.
OnionWorld.net
21
In the News
Skagit Seed Services Wins Syngenta Award
Skagit Seed Services has received the FarMore Vision Award from Syngenta. The award is given to companies that display excellence in their commitment to growers and their contributions to the seed treatment industry. Skagit Seed Services, owned by brothers Tom and Jack Hulbert, is a third-generation farm and seed provider in northwest Washington. The Hulbert family began producing vegetable seed in 1919. Skagit Seed Services was founded in 1989, and in 1995, the company expanded to offer seed treatment and pelleting services to growers and dealers around the world. With onions as a key crop, Skagit Seed Services works closely with Syngenta to provide high-quality seeds and at-plant crop protection to meet customers’ needs in the field.
Fox Packaging Promotes Lucas Fox
Lucas Fox is the new director of operations at Fox Packaging. In his new role, Fox will oversee production activity across all operation departments and work alongside the executive board. Since joining Fox Packaging in 2014, Fox has been credited with developing and improving efficiencies within the company through various roles, including superintendent of maintenance and production manager. He is part of the third generation of Fox Packaging. His grandfather, Kenneth Fox, founded the company more than 50 years ago, and his father, Keith Fox, is company president.
TURNING RAW IDEAS INTO STAINLESS STEEL SOLUTIONS CMI is an expert at taking a vision - and engineering it to work at production speed. Whether onions need to be peeled, or a complete processing line developed, CMI delivers its magic in stainless steel.
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320-864-5894 22
Onion World • March / April 2020
Certis USA Adds Sales Rep in Mountain Region
Jason Downs has joined Certis USA as the newest member of the bio-pesticide company’s team of sales representatives. Downs will serve customers as the sales manager in the mountain region, which includes Idaho, Eastern Oregon, Washington, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota. Downs will focus on connecting growers and retailers to solutions within the company’s portfolio for use on onions, potatoes and specialty crops. In the past, Downs worked for Horizon Ag Products, Keithly-Williams Seeds and as a farm manager in California, where he managed pesticide programs and implemented safety protocols.
Volm Expands Offerings
Volm Companies, Inc. has announced that its partner, Manter International BV, has acquired shares of Solidtec. Solidtec has been manufacturing gantry-style palletizing systems for fresh produce and other markets since 1999. The merger results in a more cohesive process for customers wanting a single source for packaging and end-of-the-line solutions, according to Volm. Volm will complement its portfolio of palletizing offerings with both robotic and now conventional palletizing systems. Volm has been manufacturing custom robotic palletizing solutions since the company opened its Ancaster, Ontario, Canada, facility in 2016. All companies will continue to operate independently.
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Key Technology Acquires Herbert Solutions
Key Technology, a designer and manufacturer of digital sorting, inspection, conveying and other processing equipment, has acquired Herbert Solutions. Headquartered in the Netherlands, Herbert serves the root crop and fresh produce markets with sorting, washing and handling products. Herbert Solutions will become a product brand within Key’s overall portfolio of vegetable products.
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OnionWorld.net
23
From the NOA
NOA Takes Message to DC
By René Hardwick, National Onion Association Director of Public and Industry Relations
W
e’ve all heard it time and again. We can have a voice in Washington D.C. Our vote counts. Several members of the National Onion Association (NOA) were reminded of that old civics lesson in February during the annual D.C. Fly-In. This year, however, was especially fruitful. This year, we’re proud to have Nunhems BASF as a sponsor for this key educational trip. A group of 12 from all over the country took the week off to help bring the onion message to our respective legislators and federal policymakers. The group included Jared Gutierrez of Columbia Basin Onion in Oregon, Ashley Robertson of Fort Boise Produce in Oregon, Phil Obendorf of Brock and Phil Obendorf Farms in Idaho, Barry Vculek of Four Star Ag in
24
North Dakota, Jarom Jemmett of J&S Farms in Idaho, Tyler Wagstaff of Central Produce Distributors in Idaho, Kay Riley of Snake River Produce in Oregon, NOA President Doug Bulgrin of Gumz Farms in Wisconsin, Mike Davis of Tex-Mex Sales in Texas, Taryn Hartley of Hartley Produce in Washington, Rod Runnalls of Minkus Family Farms in New York and Joe Petrocco of Petrocco Farms in Colorado. NOA Executive Vice President Greg Yielding led the trip, during which members dispersed through the busy Washington traffic to discuss major issues with U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue, and Greg Ibach, Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs. They also met with the Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. trade representatives, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and representatives and senators from several states, as well as Senate and House agriculture committee staff from both sides of the aisle.
Onion World • March / April 2020
“This is one of the most important things that we as an association can do. If we don’t represent the onion industry, someone else will,” Yielding said. “It was a wonderful trip. We accomplished a lot, and it was fun to meet with the leaders and see the wheels turning,” Bulgrin added. “It’s imperative that the NOA is here every year. There are a lot of things we’re in tune with that the politicians don’t get to see. I talked with a couple other ‘first timers,’ and their only regret was that they weren’t involved in this earlier.” Wagstaff, a first-timer and new NOA member, opted to come to Washington to represent the onion growers in his region. “I was reminded of the importance of coming to D.C. and having a voice, and at least trying to change some of the issues we have,” he said. “I would do it again. Before I came on this trip, I probably wouldn’t have.” “You can carry your thoughts and challenges and see that they take interest in what you’re talking about and trying to put it into action,” Gutierrez, also a first-timer, said. “It was good. It’s nice to be able to have a voice and stand up for something you believe in.” The NOA reps all dispensed some serious talking points to the people across the tables. One big issue that has captured a lot of NOA members’ attention is the situation in which packers are competing with an increasing number of unchecked Canadian onions flooding the market at prices that seem to be below the cost of production, which is driving down prices across the country. Few in D.C. were aware of the situation, but New York Sens. Kirsten Gillibrand and Chuck Schumer have called for an investigation. One of the main issues affecting onion farmers is the ag workforce. The Farm Workforce Modernization Act passed the House earlier, but the Senate has yet to pick up the bill. A Senate version of the bill with changes to the H-2A program, adverse effect wage rates and mandatory E-verify is expected soon. NOA thanks Western Growers and United Fresh lobbyists, who vow to work on this bipartisan effort to
AREA SALES SPECIALISTS: Travis Whitney (WA, OR, CO) (509) 591-2948 Sarah Beaver (OR, ID) (208) 550-5565 Brett Ross (OR, ID, UT) (208) 504-9154 Grant Aitken (CA, NV) (209) 712-3665 Emily Clay (CA, AZ) (530) 388-0477 Joe Chapa (TX, NM) (956) 369-0628 www.nunhemsusa.com
Members of the NOA’s delegation to D.C. discuss issues with staffers from the Senate Ag Committee.
OnionWorld.net
25
From the NOA
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue (left) discusses NOA issues with the group. Pictured with Perdue are Greg Yielding and Joe Petrocco.
Mike Davis of Tex-Mex Sales (right) chats with U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue after the group met with him on Feb. 11.
At left, Rodd Runnalls, Doug Bulgrin, Jared Gutierrez, Barry Vculek and Phil Obendorf meet with staffers from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative about the NOA’s concerns that Canadian onions are driving down U.S. onion prices.
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Onion World • March / April 2020
gain reform that is workable for the entire ag industry. Other issues members discussed included a request for $400,000 in research funds to help the onion industry combat the Allium leafminer before it spreads much farther than the areas it is already in; our concerns with inconsistencies in some trading countries’ practices with MRLs, especially related to Taiwan; our need to increase funding to the IR-4 project, which helps the industry gain access to new chemicals to combat pests and disease; and more funding for the National Agricultural Statistical Service to increase the timeliness of statistics reporting and reporting better numbers on foreign onions coming into the U.S. Riley, a past NOA president, has gone to Washington D.C. every year and felt this year the group effort helped spread our messages. “We covered a lot of ground,” Riley said. “I think it was easier this way. We used our time more efficiently than we had in the past. We were able to work more with our own constituencies. Things worked out great.” Or course, the work is not over, warns Jemmett, who had accompanied the group in previous years. “Just because the trip is over, I don’t think the work is done,” he said. “A lot more needs to happen, and we need to stay on top of it.”
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