Developing a Scholastic Shooting Program

Developing a Scholastic Shooting Program 1

DEVELOPING A SCHOLASTIC SHOOTING PROGRAM Produced by NRA Competitive Shooting Revised by NRA Collegiate Shooting Department with contributions from NRA staff.

Design by Jody West.

A Publication of the National Rifle Association of America

Third Edition -- September 2011 © Copyright 2011, National Rifle Association All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book may not be reprinted or reproduced in whole or in part by mechanical means, photocopying, electronic reproduction, scanning, or any other means without prior written permission. For information, write to: Competitive Shooting Division, National Rifle Association, 11250 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, VA 22030.

CPSN3531 (11-04) TO JOIN NRA, CALL (800) 672-3888 CONTACT US: NRA Collegiate and School Programs Competitive Shooting Division 11250 Waples Mill Rd. Fairfax, VA 22030--9400 Phone: (703) 267-1473 E-mail: collegiate@nrahq.org Web Site: www.nrahq.org/compete/coldir.asp

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Contents Introduction Chapter… 1 – Choosing a Shooting Program for the College Campus………………………… 11 Chapter… 2 – Selecting the Shooting Discipline… …………………………………………… 17 Chapter… 3 – Planning the Program… ………………………………………………………… 25 Chapter… 4 – Writing a Proposal… …………………………………………………………… 31 Chapter… 5 – Budget… ………………………………………………………………………… 39 Chapter… 6 – Other Sources of Money… ……………………………………………………… 43 Chapter… 7 – Keeping the Program Alive……………………………………………………… 49 Chapter… 8 – NRA Collegiate Shooting Championships……………………………………… 59 Chapter… 9 – Becoming a Coach or Instructor………………………………………………… 63 Chapter …10 – Conclusion… …………………………………………………………………… 69

Appendices I:

A Brief History of Collegiate Shooting in the United States………………………………… 72

II: NRA Activities… …………………………………………………………………………… 73 III: Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship… …………………………………………………… 78 IV: NRA Collegiate Recognition………………………………………………………………… 79 V: NRA Club Affiliation………………………………………………………………………… 80 VI: NRA Gun Safety Rules… …………………………………………………………………… 81

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“Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments.”

— Jim Rohn

Introduction

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ore than any other sport, shooting appeals to the independent streak in all of us. A college student particularly welcomes the challenge of competing with himself/herself. Shooters are challenged to discover their personal best and are stretched to the limits of their skills. Whether an experienced shooter or novice, any students on the campus range will find excitement building as their shots move closer to the center of their targets. The cheerleading and roaring crowds of other athletic events translate into inner cheers and broad smiles of personal satisfaction on the shooting range.

After graduation, students take with them traits that last a lifetime: self-confidence, patience, dedication, leadership, concentration, and self-discipline, as well as respect for guns and range safety.

Despite these obvious attributes, there is sometimes still a question: Are the shooting sports appropriate for a campus setting? The answer is an unequivocal yes!

Every student, regardless of sex, size, or athletic ability, has the opportunity to participate at some level of collegiate shooting — for a physical education course credit, an intramural level for recreation, or as part of a club. Many schools even have a varsity team!

Shooting is a multi-faceted sport. An individual competes against himself/herself in striving to reach excellence. Then, as skills grow and confidence builds, the student may develop a desire to compete with the best in college, state, national, and international circuits.

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The hard work and dedication required of any athlete is especially demanded of the competitive shooter who seeks to advance in the sport. With commitment, the collegiate shooter may vie for any honor, including a place on the prestigious U.S. Shooting Team. Successful shooters may travel to various countries and compete in international events, such as the World Championships and the Olympic games.

A campus shooting sports program often springs from an individual’s or a group’s personal interests. Turning the idea into an actual shooting program, however, requires planning, coordination, and work. It also takes patience, persistence, and a healthy amount of preparation. A shooting program that demonstrates its compatibility with the needs and interests of the students is on its way to gaining acceptance by school administrators.

Whether a shooting program is offered as a sport or an educational course, shooting teaches safety and helps to develop sportsmanship and leadership.

Safety is the hallmark of the shooting sports. It is the key to more than a century of fatality-free competition, a record unmatched by any other sport, including football, baseball, and gymnastics. Safety is ingrained in the student of the shooting sports. In addition to safety, traits learned from participating in shooting sports are the key elements in any formula for competitive, academic, or professional success.

Hundreds of American colleges and universities offer shooting sports programs.

Some even yield academic credit in the physical education and/or ROTC departments. The shooting sports may also be part of a school’s club, intramural, or student recreational sports activities. Competitive shooting has been a tradition among a number of Ivy League schools and numerous schools in the East, the Midwest, and the West. Varsity teams compete in a number of shooting disciplines such as rifle, pistol, air gun, and shotgun. Many aspiring student shooters have financed some or all of their education through shooting sports scholarships.

Competitive shooting opens doors to intercollegiate, national, and international honors. Each year, the top collegiate shooters in rifle, pistol, air gun, and shotgun are selected to be All-Americans by the National Rifle Association. Individual shooters and their teams vie for national championship titles. Collegiate competitors are even eligible for national championship matches, such as those held at Camp Perry, Ohio.

In 1984, Pat Spurgin, a sophmore at Murray State University, won the gold medal for women’s air rifle at the Olympic games in Los Angeles. The U.S. Shooting Team fielded seven collegiate or former collegiate shooters on the Olympic team: Deena Wigger (Murray State University), Webster Wright III (West Virginia University), Launi Meili (Eastern Washington University), Dan Durbin (University of Kentucky), Glenn Dubis (Pennsylvania State University), Rodick FitzRandolph (Tennessee Tech University), and Wanda Jewell (Eastern Washington University).

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In 1996, shotgunner Kim Rhode (California State Polytechnic University at Pomona) won the Olympic gold medal for double trap, and in 2000 won an Olympic bronze medal in the same event.

In 2000, University of Kentucky graduate and 3-time NRA All-American Nancy Johnson won the first gold medal for the Olympics in Sydney, Australia, and for the new Millennium shooting air rifle.

At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, NRA All-Americans Kim Rhode, Mike Anti (West Virginia University), and Matt Emmons (University of AlaskaFairbanks) won a gold medal in Women’s Double Trap, a silver in Three-Position Prone, and a gold in Prone, respectively.

During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, NRA All Americans Kim Rhode and Matt Emmons revisited the awards podium. Kim brought home a silver medal for Women’s Skeet, and Matt brought home a silver medal for Men’s Prone Rifle.

Many other shooters who have made the Olympic teams attribute their shooting successes to their shooting years in college.

Organizing a collegiate shooting program is a challenge. From concept to resource evaluation, securing administrative sanction to recruiting, fund-raising to training, and even setting up a competition countless organizational details are involved. This guide is a blueprint for mastering those details.

College students find the shooting range a welcome break from studies and campus routine. They often make lifelong friendships and enjoy themselves through mastering a new sport and achieving personal goals. In other words, they find shooting is fun!

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“Limitations live only in our minds. But if we use our imaginations, our possibilities become limitless.”

— Jamie Paolinetti

Chapter 1 Choosing a shooting program for the college campus.

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ampus shooting programs generally fall into three categories: education, intramural/recreation, and competition. Some categories combine aspects of each. All shooting programs include classes or seminars on gun safety. An education course offered for academic credit may prompt students to form a competitive team or to add shooting as an intramural sport.

To select the best program for a particular school, first consider the interests and needs of the students. The most obvious consideration, and perhaps the most important, is whether the desired activity can capture the imagination and interest of enough students and faculty who are willing to put in the time and effort needed to make the program a reality. To put it another way, does the proposed shooting program meet the needs of the students, and will they participate?

Shooting, like tennis or skiing, provides recreation, relaxation, and even a serious sport that students may enjoy long after college graduation. The sport travels with the individual throughout his/her life.

Discussions with students and faculty may determine if this sport is an attractive prospect for intramural or recreational activities. Suppose that a rival school has a shooting club or team -- perhaps a friendly competition would add to campus spirit. Perhaps the physically disabled students on campus would be interested in a sport that affords them a competitive outlet. Perhaps the physical education department needs a course for credit that every student may take. Collegiate shooting programs can meet all of these needs. Remember these positive thoughts when surveying students and faculty regarding a shooting program on campus.

Goal: An Educational Course The reasons for teaching shooting are as varied as they are valid: to teach people a new sport/skill, to enjoy the sport, to appreciate the sport, to learn gun safety, to strive for perfection, and/or to compete with the best.

If the goal is creating a new course for the physical education department, an obvious question is, “Will it be offered for academic credit?” If so, research the qualifications necessary for the school to recognize it as an accredited course. Start at the school’s administrative offices in order to find out the college’s requirements. The process may be a long one, but it is not impossible. The size of the college or university determines how long it will take to get through the administrative process.

The next question is, “What is the course topic?” If the course is to be a sports elective, the shooting disciplines most common to the collegiate setting are smallbore rifle, air rifle, smallbore pistol, air pistol, and shotgun. Coaching a shooting team might be another course topic, and teaching the funda-

mentals of marksmanship, as well as gun safety, is still another possibility.

Safe gun handling is a subject that, by definition, must be included in the sports elective curriculum. It may also stand alone as a course subject. Gun safety is important for everyone to learn. Resistance to learning gun safety often stems from one root -- lack of knowledge. Safe and responsible gun handling is directly proportional to a person’s knowledge of guns and of correct behavior with them and around them.

The evolution of firearms is a fascinating subject that should be built into any course. Charting the development of firearms from the primitive matchlock to modern firearms that use rimfire and centerfire cartridges can stimulate a greater and more personal understanding of history in general. Firearms development often paralleled the development of America.

TYPES OF SHOOTING ACTIVITIES

Educational courses on shooting include lectures on safety, marksmanship skills, firearm development, and a practical application of shooting on the range. These courses may be offered for credit and can be part of the college’s or university’s formal curriculum. The educational aspects of collegiate shooting programs satisfy the traditional quest for knowledge and carry over into life after the college years. The essential lesson of all shooting programs — to be safe and responsible when handling and using guns — applies on campus, on the range, in the field, at home, in the community, and in many professions, such as the military and law enforcement.

Intramural shooting activities are developed for recreational enjoyment and are open to all students, faculty, clubs, and organizations. An intramural shooting activity is a great opportunity to experiment with different types of shooting disciplines to find out what events are best enjoyed by the students. Shooting, by its nature, builds self-confidence and offers a sportsmanship experience. Shooting does not demand exceptional speed, strength, or other physical traits traditionally associated with athletic endeavors. The addition of shooting to the school’s intramural sports program may provide a recreational outlet for students who are excluded, for any reason, from a school’s usual athletic fare. Surveys of physical education related activities prove that students favor shooting sports over other sports offerings. Classes fill up fast and students often find themselves on a waiting list.

Intercollegiate shooting competition is nationwide and may be enjoyed by the best college teams in the country, as well as by newly-formed college clubs. At any shoulder-to-shoulder competition, all levels of competitive excellence can be found.

DEFINING A PROGRAM’S GOALS

The first step in building the case for a campus shooting sports program is to define the program’s goals. Goals can be simple or complex, and can be limited to a single course or aimed at starting a shooting club or team.

Goal: An Intramural Activity One of the easiest ways of introducing shooting to a college campus is through the recreational sports department as an intramural sport. Shooting is a coed sport and virtually all students on campus may take part, allowing competition between males and females as well as groups. Intramurals are fun, and offer Greek houses, dorms, and independent groups the chance to compete with each other in a variety of activities throughout the school year.

By its very nature, shooting is a precision sport. Many students may want to continue after the shooting season is over.

This is an ideal time to offer shooting opportunities beyond intramurals, to include courses for credit, or to organize a competition team. The enthusiasm generated by intramural competition can be a plus in helping to sell other shooting programs to the college’s administration.

It is important to consider that student interest and available

facilities will play a role in the selection of which shooting disciplines are deemed most appropriate. The equipment needed for each is similar to that required by competitive or educational programs. All shooting events are well suited for intramural competition. Both rifle and pistol events may be fired on an indoor smallbore range, which may be found on campus or at a local shooting range. Air rifle and air pistol may be fired practically anywhere -- in a classroom, on a range, or even in a gymnasium.

Remember, intramural sports are not limited to students. A faculty category or a faculty/student team division may be added. These categories may help in obtaining faculty members who are willing to be advisors for a shooting club and help to establish future shooting programs at the college.

Intramural shooting events may vary with the wishes of the students. Experiment with different shooting games to make the sport interesting to everyone.

Goal: A Competitive Team At the center of most collegiate shooting programs is competition. A variety of intercollegiate clubs or teams engage in postal or shoulder-to-shoulder matches nearly every weekend with their opponents. Not surprisingly, competitions around the country welcome collegiate competitors. Establishing a shooting club opens the world of intercollegiate competition to a wide array of students.

for NRA All-American recognition. Each year, the National Rifle Association selects those outstanding collegiate competitors who deserve national collegiate recognition in rifle, pistol, and shotgun. Winning a championship is the goal of every athlete. It is no different on the college level. Collegiate shooting championships are considered some of the most competitive of all.

Many shooters come to college with previous competitive experience from high school or junior clubs. However, a college competitive program is open for students to walk in and try out for the team. Whether club or varsity level, shooting competition enables students to uphold their school’s spirit in a friendly rivalry with a neighboring institution.

Olympic and world competition is within the reach of collegiate shooters. Collegiate shooters may enter virtually any open competition in the nation. It is important to remember that many college shooters fall in a junior category (through the calendar year of their 20th birthday) and are eligible to compete in junior matches in addition to collegiate and open competition.

Unlike many other activities, shooting offers the opportunity

Goals can also be focused initially on a specific activity with an eye toward eventual expansion into other shooting activities. For example, a course on gun safety and coaching the shooting sports offered by the physical education department could spur interest in an intercollegiate shooting club or team. A shooting club could eventually be elevated to the varsity sport level. An intramural program can promote student interest in forming a club sport for recreation and in honing marksmanship skills.

The immediate and most attainable goals are short term; those that may follow later are long term. To keep your program in focus, write down both short-term and long-term goals and review them regularly. Short-term planning for the upcoming college year deserves immediate attention, but long-term goals keep the program in perspective and allow planners to review its overall purpose.

Exposure to shooting sports brings with it a host of side benefits, mainly respect for firearms and a high regard for safety. Under the guidance of a patient and supportive instructor, a student’s apprehensions disappear. Almost inevitably, the understanding of guns leads to fascination and interest in the recreational and sporting aspects of shooting. This spark of interest ignites in the classroom and often leads to an intramural, club, or varsity activity. Finding a pool of motivated potential team members is a chief concern of any athletic endeavor. A credit course in rifle, pistol, or shotgun can be the first step in bringing varsity shooting to a school.

More to the point of any educational course, however, is the primary goal of any shooting program -- preparing the student to handle firearms safely, correctly, and confidently. Knowledge of correct and safe behavior around firearms is the best means of preventing accidents. Safety seminars open to the entire student body may increase student interest in the shooting sports. Exposing as many students as possible to safety instruction is a worthy goal.

Other direct benefits are the developmental characteristics imparted through a shooting course. The absolute adherence to safety rules and range etiquette in a shooting course fosters responsibility. Self-discipline and total concentration are absolute musts if shooting is to be mastered.

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“Ability is what you’re capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it.”

— Lou Holtz

Chapter 2 Selecting the Shooting Discipline

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he variety of shooting sports enjoyed by hundreds of thousands of Americans each year is extensive. This section of the book concentrates on those shooting sports that are most commonly found on the college level: smallbore rifle, air rifle, smallbore pistol, air pistol, trap, and skeet. Each is challenging and exciting and has specific rules and requirements for equipment and range facilities.

A shooting program should be tailored to ranges on campus or in the nearby community. Depending on access to suitable ranges, a campus shooting program may offer one, two, or a full menu of shooting disciplines.

Any number of popular shooting games may easily be adapted to the college setting, ranging from black-powder sports with guns of the Civil War era to games for rifle, pistol, and shotgun that have hunting origins. These activities could include high power rifle events, various silhouette games, or running target shooting sports. For more information, see the NRA Guide to Competitive Shooting Programs or the Competitive Shooting Division of the NRA for information on other shooting sports at competitions@nrahq.org.

SMALLBORE RIFLE

The smallbore rifle event is the mainstay of collegiate shooting programs throughout the nation. Generations of collegians have enjoyed smallbore rifle shooting, whether for course credit or as a competitive endeavor. Among students who have fired a gun, many have already fired a rifle. It therefore makes sense that a new shooting program on a college campus would include rifle competition. The widespread popularity of smallbore rifle makes it a strong favorite for any collegiate shooting sports program.

Marksmanship was once a mandatory course for ROTC cadets, and, as a result, many colleges and universities have on-campus ranges. Today, most intramural, physical education, and competitive shooting programs are built around .22 caliber smallbore rifle shooting, thanks to these ROTC origins.

Much of smallbore rifle shooting is conducted according to NRA rules. It doesn’t matter whether the program is a credit course, an intramural activity, or a varsity sport. The NRA provides a comprehensive package for program organization, including regulations, guidelines, and rules that can be tailored for specific shooting programs. Official NRA Rules are followed for conducting NRA competition because the collegiate shooter will shoot NRA matches before and after college, and even throughout the college season. The NCAA Rifle Rules, used for NCAA rifle competition, and the NRA International Rifle Rules are closely aligned.

Smallbore Rifle Equipment

The .22 caliber smallbore rifle used in various college shooting programs should

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be a single-shot competition grade rifle equipped with adjustable sights. Additional accessories include the sling, a shooting jacket, a glove, and a spotting scope. The quality of the competition grade rifle and the number of accessories vary with the shooting program desired.

Most often, the equipment needed to make the program functional and operational is purchased and owned by the ROTC unit, recreational services department, physical education department or athletic department. There are, however, college programs that use equipment which is personally owned by the coach or instructor. Many college competitive teams purchase their own equipment that belongs to the team or club and remains with the team throughout the years. Still other shooters on the team or in the club may purchase their own equipment.

The shooting sports, just as any other sport, typically spend numerous seasons building up their equipment inventory. Equipment purchased is considered a capital investment and will last for many years. Quality shooting equipment is able to endure semester after semester of physical education courses and hundreds of students going through the program.

Please refer to the NRA International Rifle rule book in regard to specific regulations applying to rifle types, equipment, targets, and courses of fire.

SMALLBORE PISTOL

Intercollegiate pistol is rapidly gaining popularity and requires less start-up equipment than smallbore rifle -- a plus for a campus-style shooting program.

Smallbore pistol events on the college circuit involve the free pistol, standard pistol, and sport pistol. The event that has been shot the longest is the standard pistol. Many ROTC units have the standard pistol available to their cadets for training and qualifying for marksmanship awards.

The pistol, relatively light and compact, lends itself more readily to accommodate a wide variety of students. There is little adjustment necessary to fit a person to a pistol since almost any individual may use most commonly available guns. Basic equipment necessary for pistol shooting consists of the pistol, ammunition, and targets. Multiple accessories are not required.

Eye and ear protection are highly recommended for all shooting.

The same principles of shooting apply to pistol that apply to all shooting events. Safe gun handling is paramount. The principles of firing the shot do not change from one shooting discipline to another. In fact, it is quite easy to jump from one shooting course curriculum to another. Shooters in a program may wish to try another shooting discipline during the following semester. This process is how shooting programs grow.

Smallbore Pistol Equipment

There are two smallbore pistol events for college shooting.

Both the free pistol and standard pistol are .22 caliber and are used in competition events.

The definition of free pistol can be summarized as any rimfire pistol having no weight restrictions and a free trigger pull. The more advanced designs may utilize single-shot actions, electronic triggers, and wraparound grips made to fit like a glove.

The standard pistol is the dominant pistol used for educational courses and intramural sports activities. Standard pistols are either semi-automatic or revolver type, the most widely used being the semi-automatic. In competition, the standard pistol may also be used in the free pistol event, and many college teams are able to cut equipment expenses by firing the standard pistol for both events.

The pistols for collegiate shooting use metallic sights. No scopes are mounted on the gun. Typically, ROTC units own most pistols and equipment. There are some college teams that purchase their own guns and equipment, and many instructors and coaches may loan equipment to their team. There are also those individuals who own their own shooting gear. Besides the pistol itself, other equipment includes competition grade ammunition, a spotting scope, eye and ear protection, and a gun box for storing the gun and accessories. As stated previously, the amount of gear for pistol shooting is far less than for rifle shooting. This feature makes the sport very attractive.

Please refer to the NRA International Pistol Rule Book in regard to specific regulations concerning pistol types, equipment, targets, and courses of fire.

AIR RIFLE AND AIR PISTOL

For many years, the NRA has recognized air gun shooting as a legitimate shooting discipline. In the collegiate ranks, competitors vie for various honors, such as selection to the NRA All American Team, and for titles at the different college shooting championships. Collegiate shooters may also compete with shooters at the national championships for a position on the U.S. Shooting Team.

The air rifle and air pistol programs introduce more people to shooting than any other type of program. Air guns are an addition to the shooting sports, not a replacement for firearms. With this understanding, more clubs and instructors are starting to use these air gun shooting disciplines in their classes.

Air gun competition is ideal for schools with limited or non-existent range facilities. The challenge to competitors is equal to any other shooting sport -- only the range and the equipment needs differ. A suitable air gun range can be set up in almost any empty classroom or meeting room. The elaborate hardened-steel range backstops that are required for firearm ranges are unnecessary for air guns.

Compared to smallbore rifles and pistols, air guns are quiet, making them good neighbors when located in a building with other activities. Equipment needs are also reduced because the low sound of the compressed air guns makes hearing protection optional.

Air Rifle and Air Pistol Equipment

The two intercollegiate air gun events, air rifle and air pistol, are fired over the

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same 10 meter (32.8 feet) distance. Both events require the same ammunition -- match grade .177 caliber pellets. Safety glasses should be worn.

A competition grade air rifle or pistol with adjustable sights is a must for the serious competitor. The air rifle is fired from the standing position only for international style competition. The air rifle can also be used to teach the fundamentals of position shooting when a smallbore rifle is not available. In cases where the air rifle is used to teach position shooting, a kneeling roll and mat are used. Air rifle shooters should have a shooting jacket, glove, and spotting scope.

Air pistol shooting is the easiest and least expensive shooting event to implement in a college program, requiring only an air pistol, pellets, safety glasses, and targets. It is too often overlooked as the means to introduce colleges to shooting.

Air guns are very affordable and easily accessible to anyone wishing to start a shooting program.

Specific regulations for each type of air gun, equipment, targets, and courses of fire are located in the NRA International Rule Books.

SHOTGUN

Shotgun programs are offered at an increasing number of schools each year. Trap and skeet are fired under Amateur Trapshooting Association (ATA) and National Skeet Shooting Association (NSSA) Rules.

In general, the difference between the domes-tic and international versions of both games is the speed of the clay targets. The international games have faster targets, and in skeet the shotgun must be raised from the waist (ready position) to the shoulder before firing. Conventional skeet and trap and international trap can be fired with the gun already in the shoulder prior to the call for the target.

Some schools have trap and skeet ranges owned by the university, while most use nearby public or private gun club trap and skeet fields.

Breaking clay targets is an exciting introduction to the shooting sports for many persons. Shotgun or clay target events are popular for a variety of reasons. The thrill of calling for a target, then being able to spot it, raise the gun and track it, and finally hit it requires speed, coordination, and grace. There is the instant feeling of accomplishment at the sight of a target being “dusted.”

Skeet is fired on an eight-station semicircular field with a high and low target house. The trap field has five firing stations.

Shotgun Equipment 16

Shotgun programs do not require a significant amount of equipment. A suitable gun, ammunition, and eye and ear protection are all that is needed. A shooting

vest or jacket is optional. A 12- or 20-gauge shotgun is very popular for trapshooting or skeet shooting, but the 28-gauge and .410 bore shotguns may also be used. Models to choose from include single-barrels (semi-automatics and pump actions), over/under, and side-by-side. In the international events, a popular gun for trap and skeet is the over/under model. In the American events, the single barrel shotgun is popular for trap, and for skeet, the over/under. Most classes will use the semi-automatic or pump models for the trap event because these guns are the most affordable. For the skeet classes, the semi-automatic, pump, or over/ under models may be used.

Depending on the set-up of a public range, students in a shotgun class may be able to rent or borrow shotguns. Ammunition can be purchased through these clubs. Just as with rifle or pistol, some college teams own their shotguns and accessories, and most shotgun competitors purchase their own shooting equipment.

Specific regulations for each type of shotgun, equipment, targets, and courses of fire are in the Amateur Trapshooting Association (ATA) and National Skeet Shooting Association (NSSA) rulebooks.

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Each decision we make, each action we take, is born out of an intention.

— Sharon Salzberg

Chapter 3 Planning the Program IDENTIFYING RANGES AND FACILITIES

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aving a suitable place to shoot is critical to any shooting program. The location may be as informal as a temporary air gun range set up in an empty classroom, or as elaborate as an indoor or outdoor facility that can accommodate any number of shooting disciplines.

Many schools have suitable indoor ranges for smallbore rifle, smallbore pistol, and air gun. Some ranges may still be under a school’s ROTC department, or in disuse because many were built decades ago to meet ROTC requirements. Over the years, a number of schools discontinued their cadet programs and others dropped marksmanship as a mandatory requirement. As a result, some range facilities may be used for shooting, but others may have been adapted for other campus uses.

While extremely popular, shotgun competition is limited to outdoor facilities which demand a relatively large amount of space. For this reason, many collegiate shotgun programs share trap or skeet fields with community organizations.

Many collegiate shooting programs complement on-campus facilities by gaining permission to use ranges at nearby military posts, National Guard armories, local high schools, private shooting clubs, YMCAs, or local community centers. Here, too, the National Rifle Association or a state rifle and pistol association may help in finding a suitable range close to campus.

An air gun range can be set up anywhere, provided there is a safe backstop. This range can be set-up in a classroom, gymnasium, or on a shooting range. The easy set-up/take-down of an air gun range allows the room to be multi-purpose and go from classroom setting to shooting range and back to classroom.

Specific information on ranges for each sport included in the campus program is available from the NRA, including outdoor ranges for high power, silhouette, and pistol, indoor ranges, running target ranges, and shotgun fields. NRA range materials include information on zoning and local ordinances, and the evaluation of safety, environmental, and construction problems. Range regulations for each shooting discipline are suggested. These regulations demonstrate to school authorities that the program is serious, will run safely, and that those who participate in any sanctioned shooting activity will follow safe and sound procedures.

If a range exists on campus, find out who maintains it. The proposed program may be allowed to share available range time. On the other hand, if the range is closed, learn the reasons why. If the cause was due to technical problems, such as faulty ventilation or equipment, contact the NRA Range Development Program at http://www.nrahq.org/shootingrange/ for information, help, and support.

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PLANNING BASED ON THE TYPE OF PROGRAM Educational

NRA’s Education & Training Division provides an NRA Trainer’s Guide. Course outlines and lesson plans are available for each of the shooting disciplines. The guide is available from the NRA Sales Department at http://materials.nrahq.org/go/home.aspx For information on how to become an NRA Certified Instructor or Coach, contact the NRA’s Education & Training Division at http://www.nrahq.org/education/.

Intramural

Much of the same equipment and organization is needed for a recreational sports activity as for an educational course. The primary difference is the length of time the intramural course will operate. Most intramural sports are conducted over a short period of time, such as a month, so that enthusiasm and interest among students remains high throughout the activity.

Choosing the most appropriate shooting disciplines for a school’s intramural activity depends to a great degree on the same considerations necessary for competitive programs or educational courses. Available facilities are the key. If a campus has an existing indoor range or easy access to a shotgun field, the choice is almost already made for you. Factor in student and instructor interests, and the most appropriate courses will almost select themselves.

Virtually the same facilities and equipment necessary for a successful competitive program will be required for a physical education course or intramural activity. Intermediate-grade air guns are accurate, and are probably best-adapted in weight and size for beginning shooters -- the category of most intramural participants.

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An intramural shooting program may be organized much like any other intramural sport. Most intramural sports operate on an elimination system that includes several rounds of competition over several weeks or months. It is recommended that at the shooting event the students fire one, two, or three times with shoot-offs at the end to determine the individual and team winners. Teams can be formed within each category level to establish a winner, with an end-of-season tournament matching the top teams from each category for naming an overall champion. Although shooting is an exciting sport to many, it is not considered a real spectator sport. Interest could be lost if participants were to shoot over a longer period of time.

It is important to schedule instruction for safety rules and handling of the guns, regardless of a student’s familiarity with guns. These safety precautions and procedures are mandatory for any marksmanship course. They also add a visible safety image for all students to identify with during the competition.

Competition

Whether the program is intercollegiate, varsity, club, or simply intramural in nature, understanding the mechanics of competition is important. If the proposed program is to join an existing league or conference, the league’s organization and operating procedures must be learned and described in the program proposal. If, on the other hand, the new program is expected to travel and compete with other schools, more preparation is needed.

In considering league or conference competition, there should be a governing body or council to establish rules ensuring the operation of the competition. Bylaws should be written to address such matters as membership qualifications, organizational committees, rules for match scheduling, penalties and processes for enforcing the rules, etc. Matters such as awards and courses of fire are determined by the council and should be outlined in the bylaws.

By affiliating a program with the NRA and by adhering to NRA rules for each shooting discipline, competitors may participate in the NRA classification system. By doing so, they will have no trouble adapting to shooting competitions throughout the nation, on the collegiate level as well as on all national competitive levels. Competitive shooters will have a variety of skill levels. The shooting sports place a great emphasis on ensuring that every participant is challenged and encouraged to compete, regardless of his/her present skill level.

Handicapping is an important means of achieving universal participation. There are a variety of ways to handicap a competition, each designed to make shooting available, interesting, and fun for all participants.

Intercollegiate competition can be on varsity or club levels. As with any sport, varsity and club programs are similar in status in the structure of formal collegiate sports. In terms of organizational and competitive requirements, they are also similar. Each program forms around a nucleus of interested students and faculty. Coaches and team members must be recruited, training schedules established, and matches coordinated.

Campus interest is a good way to determine whether the initial proposal to the school’s administration should be to form a varsity or club competitive shooting program. Find out how many students would consider trying out for a club or team. Do they have any prior shooting experience? Was it informal plinking or actual competitive training?

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If interest is strong and a number of students have considerable shooting experience, a varsity team may be a good idea. If there is strong interest, but little shooting experience, consider the less formal club sport for a start.

Good teams can be built from inexperienced shooters, but experienced coaches are needed. The enthusiasm and skill of the coaches are critical for the success of any competitive shooting program. Coaches must be able to nurture the novice and to mold a cohesive team.

When the time comes to convince the school administration that the proposed competitive shooting program is viable, you must provide realistic answers regarding travel and expenses, including the number of off-campus matches per season, destinations, the means of transportation, the time students will be required away from campus, food and lodging, and how the bills will be paid. This information is important from a scheduling standpoint and for budget planning.

Developing the skills of a top competitive shooter requires careful and continual practice, as well as physical conditioning. A thought-out training schedule is vital to mastering marksmanship, and can strengthen team identity and morale.

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Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.

—Winston Churchill

Chapter 4 Writing a Proposal

S

etting up a collegiate shooting program is a lot like producing a play -- you must start with a good product, find the best setting, find enthusiastic players, round up financial backing, and bring all the various elements together to achieve a long-running smash hit. Not surprisingly, the road to success takes different directions, but on the stage, the most important element is the play itself. Likewise, the sport itself is the core of all efforts to open the college campus to shooting. At all times, emphasize the value of the sport and its benefits to the participant, to the college, and to the college community.

By following the guidelines that have been laid out in this publication and tailoring the program to a college’s specific needs, shooting sports can become a vital part of the school’s curriculum. Be persistent in trying to establish the shooting program and include every possible reason why the program is important to the school.

A campus shooting program does not just spring to life simply because a number of students have guns, ammunition, targets, and a range. Administration approval must be won.

For these reasons, the appropriate chain of authority must be identified for each type of program. All requirements must be met. Individuals, departments, and organizations entrusted with operating a school’s activities must be persuaded of the program’s merit.

Each type of shooting program will have a specific (and often separate) office, organization, or department to approach for initial approval. Educational shooting programs often fall under the authority of the ROTC or physical education department. Student activities departments or organizations, the recreational sports department, or fraternity/sorority organizations can operate intramural sports. Athletic departments normally determine the varsity sports offered by a school. The student activities department or organization will likely determine club sports.

Identifying and obtaining the endorsement of the immediate department or campus organization is vital to winning final approval by the school’s dean, president, chancellor, or board of regents. Enlist interested faculty who are willing to help the new program get through the system.

The type of shooting program must be compatible with the school’s resources and needs, and must be clearly defined. Everyone involved in the venture must understand the what, when, how, and why of the program.

Each shooting program requires a slightly different presentation. An educational

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course intended to teach firearm safety, the fundamentals of marksmanship, or even how to set up and coach a shooting team differs from an effort to include shooting in a school’s intramural activities, and differs from the creation of a club or varsity shooting team.

Once the preliminary research for the shooting sports activity is complete, document your case. Make the most complete and persuasive proposal for the program.

WHY WRITE A PROPOSAL?

The formal process of securing campus permission for a shooting sports program begins with a written proposal. In its simplest form, the proposal matches the program to the campus. Looked at in another way, the proposal lays out the twists and turns in setting up a program, and shows how to overcome the obstacles along the way to reach the ultimate destination -- a thriving shooting sports program. Like any good map, the proposal provides the safest, most efficient, and most direct route. Every step of the journey is clearly marked.

The proposal should address all practical aspects -- the type of program and its goals, a description of student opinion and of faculty participation, facilities required and availability of any facilities, specifics of any courses to be taught, courses of fire, league or conference requirements, equipment, competition match schedules, travel requirements, budgeting, etc. However, the intangible elements of the proposal-- the ability to capture the imagination and convince the college administrators -- may ultimately prove to be the most important element.

A good proposal is a good advocate, justifying the existence of the program. It must quickly establish the credibility of the program and the individuals behind the effort to bring the shooting sports to campus.

There may be individuals within a school’s administration, faculty, and student body who are opposed to a shooting sports activity on campus. Their objections may be based on misconceptions or on an overextended budget. Try to determine the basis of the opposition and be aware of potential objections when preparing the proposal. Diplomacy and reason must characterize the written proposal and the demeanor of those representing the program.

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Ask enthusiastic faculty and alumni to critique the proposal. Such review will help keep the effort on track and serve as a means of winning administrative support. It will also help expand the number of potential supporters on campus.

Success depends on how well the program itself fits within the framework of a school’s needs and facilities. The proposal must provide a credible and persuasive case for the school administration to approve the proposed shooting program.

After surveying the interests of students and available range resources, determine the shooting event or events most compatible with the school and the type of program desired (educational, recreational, or competitive). From this information, write down the project’s goals. The goals should be simple and understandable so that everyone working on the project can speak with one voice about the program.

The starting point in the chain of approval is often found within the program’s goals. If the intent is to create a strictly competitive program, the place to begin is the athletic department. If it is to be an intramural league, start with the student activities department or organization, a recreational sports department, or fraternity/ sorority associations. If the shooting course is for academic credit, the first approach might be made to the physical education or ROTC departments. All requirements for credit certification or athletic status must be fulfilled.

A new shooting sports program on campus has ramifications that affect campus activities. For example, equipment must be purchased and kept secure, the range must be maintained, and a range official must be present during practice or matches. Expenses will be incurred by your program and methods of payment must be devised. A good proposal describes the program and answers all potential questions. Emphasize that the safety procedures outlined in the range regulations will be enforced and practiced by all participants. Be sure to indicate that a range safety officer will be present when the range is in use. The proposal must paint a vivid picture of the program. And, of course, it must show the school how much the program will cost and how the bills will be paid.

Another important item to research before preparing the proposal is to determine to whom the proposal must be addressed. The help of a faculty member can prove invaluable here. Each school’s decision-making structure varies to a degree. The process may involve a number of steps or a policy review committee.

Mastering the approval process calls for patience and persistence.

COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSAL

Begin with a purpose statement. Spell out exactly what the school administration is being asked to approve. Everything that follows the purpose statement simply elaborates upon the goals and fills in the details of the program -- how it will be run, its rules, facilities, how it will be funded, etc.

Describe the program and goals, listing the successive short-term or immediate goals, then the long-range or future goals. Word each goal concisely, and portray the program so clearly that any reader will understand. Goals must be attainable

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if the proposal is to have any merit. Outline the benefits to the students, to the school, and to the community.

In addition, define the program’s needs, write a specific program statement, and include an estimated budget and income.

Provide the strongest set of arguments justifying the adoption of the proposed program. Again, be specific. Do not hesitate to restate those benefits mentioned in earlier sections of the proposal.

No matter what type of program is being considered, it is wise to demonstrate to school officials the timetable for implementing the school activity. This timetable will give the administration a clear idea that the program is, in fact, compatible with the school and students’ objectives.

Provide a schedule for raising the funds to operate the program, ready the range, and purchase equipment. Give details of when each phase of the fund drive will begin, and what sum each fund source is expected to yield.

List the time frame for preparing the range area. Describe the work that needs to be done, who will do it, if it will be volunteer or paid labor, and when it will be completed.

Outline the deadline for acquiring all necessary equipment.

Any program, whether it be a varsity sport, an intramural league, or a class course, should have qualified and accredited instructors and coaches. Through the NRA, programs are available to train such individuals.

Give the schedule for the actual program itself. If it is an accredited course, the schedule of classes corresponding to the course outline should be listed.

Regardless of the type of program proposed for the school, introductory classes in safety and marksmanship should be included as part of each program. Such classes benefit all students, including those trying out for the team or joining the league, and they also provide important training. They may also help stimulate interest in the program itself.

List the number of introductory classes, when they will be offered, the length of each class, and the subject matter to be covered. Regardless of the programs proposed, the opportunity to qualify for the various levels of shooting achievement might be described.

NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program and Excellent Performance Awards should be built into the shooting program.

FORMAT AND SAMPLE OF A PROPOSAL 28

If a proposal is needed to establish a shooting program or to revive an existing program, here are some ways of writing and presenting a proposal to the school.

The format could resemble the following: PROPOSAL TO ESTABLISH AN INTRAMURAL SHOOTING PROGRAM TO: (List here all of the appropriate individuals to whom the proposal should be sent. Examples: Chancellor, Dean of Students, Student Intramural Council, Athletic Director, etc.)

FROM: (Give a name to the organization of students and faculty supporting the adoption of the program. An example: State University Ad Hoc Committee for Intercollegiate Shooting Sports.)

PURPOSE STATEMENT

The State University Ad Hoc Committee for Intercollegiate Shooting Sports recommends that an intramural shooting program be established at State University.

The Committee was founded to investigate the possibility of introducing the shooting sports to State University.

The mutually beneficial relationship between academics and the shooting sports is well recognized. The shooting sports embody all of the competitive and character-building traits desirable in any sport. Most important, they are the safest of competitive sports, boasting more than 100 years of sanctioned competition in this nation without a single fatality, a verifiable claim unmatched by any other sport. The emphasis on strict adherence to established safety procedures within a highly supervised environment is directly responsible for the shooting sports’ unblemished record and its unique ability to instill self-discipline and personal responsibility in virtually all participants.

As a sport, shooting places no barriers to competitive excellence due to sex, stature, speed, or almost any other traditional athletic quality. During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympiad, Pat Spurgin won the gold medal for women’s air rifle and earned herself and her school, Murray State University in Murray, Ky., a special place in history. Today, the rifle range at Murray State University bears her name.

The Committee surveyed existing recreational and athletic student programs at State University. Interest among students, faculty and alumni was polled. Potential resources have been identified to determine the feasibility of establishing and sustaining a shooting sports program on campus.

PROGRAM GOALS Short Term Goals:

The immediate goal of the State University Committee for Intercollegiate Shooting Sports is approval for the addition of an air gun program to the university’s existing intramural sports.

An intramural air gun league is suggested to meet the recreational and athletic needs of the student body in general and of those students wishing to participate in more than the traditional intramural sports (such as touch football, softball,

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basketball, etc.). Another reason for this action is that the university’s students with physical disabilities have no current intramural sport that addresses their needs.

The survey simply noted that the program would be open to all students, regardless of size, gender, physical strengths, or weaknesses. There were 450 students surveyed for interest in a potential air gun intramural activity. Results were as follows: 78 percent indicated approval; 65 percent suggested interest in participating.

An intramural air gun program has significant support and interest among State University students.

Long Term Goals:

Student participation will indicate the practicality of creating a club or varsity shooting team on campus. Recent inquiries into the university’s compliance with Title IX requirements for its intercollegiate athletic activities indicate a very favorable climate for a future intercollegiate shooting program. As previously noted, the shooting sports accept participants, both male and female, with equal enthusiasm.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Give the details of the proposed program. Intramural programs should have descriptions of the governing body or council structure, the system for approving teams, rules and regulations, setting up match pairings, arbitrating disputes, etc., as well as how teams will be chosen, equipment, facilities, league season, supervision, faculty participation, league bylaws, regulations and rules, and all other details of an intramural activity.

If the program is part of a competitive varsity sport and part of the school’s athletic department offerings, all of the above details that apply must be included, along with a copy of the course of fire for a typical competitive event, the means of selecting team members, identity of the coaches and instructors, training schedules, travel schedules, the rules of range procedure, eligibility requirements set by the institution for a particular shooting discipline, and conference rules.

Academic programs should have their course outline included with the instructors’ names, class schedules, and a step-by-step description of how it will conform to each requirement for academic credit certification.)

PROGRAM BENEFITS Benefits to the Students

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The shooting sports provide a recreational and competitive outlet for any student, regardless of age, sex, athletic talent, or physical strengths. It is a sport easily mastered by students of slight stature or with physical disabilities. Female students find shooting a challenging sport in which they may equally compete with male students.

Participants quickly develop as mature and responsible individuals by virtue of the shooting sports’ emphasis on self-discipline, safety, and team spirit.

Safety on the range, during competition and throughout life, is an integral part of shooting sports training, and is ingrained into each participant. This safety consciousness is one of the most important benefits of any shooting sports program.

It is a characteristic that is carried throughout life, enabling the shooting sports competitor to teach and demonstrate safe, sensible, and responsible behavior around guns of any type in any setting.

The character-building aspects of the shooting sports help the student shooter to mature emotionally, to develop an acute sense of responsibility, and to acquire the knowledge necessary to work and live with others. These traits are vital for success in the academic and work worlds.

The competitor learns to master his or her attention and emotions, and develops a sense of personal responsibility and an understanding of the fellowship, pride, and fair play that come with being a team member.

Benefits to the School:

1) The shooting sports are a very effective way to provide disabled students with a recreational and athletic activity.

2) The shooting sports program demonstrates a school’s commitment to meeting the needs of its co-ed population. It can help bring an athletic program into compliance with Title IX regulations.

3) The shooting sports provide another opportunity for student participation in college athletics.

4) Nationally ranked competitive teams of Olympic stars boost a school’s image and help recruit students to the school.

5) Another benefit to the school is the promotional value of a winning marksmanship team and/or the development of world-class competitors striving to gain a berth on a future Olympic team.

Benefits to the Community

1) A nationally-ranked collegiate shooting team or Olympic competitor offers a sense of community pride.

2) A winning shooting sports program provides a selling point to attrack new students to the college and residents to the community.

PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Instructors:

Explain the proposed ratio of instructors to shooters. Also explain which offices would be held by students and which by faculty. If a faculty advisor or coach is needed, describe the position, including whether it would be a volunteer or salaried post.

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Facilities:

If there is a range on campus, describe the time required by the activity. If the range is in need of repair or renovation, describe its present state and the effort required to get it in working order. Another facility need is a secured area to store equipment.

Equipment:

All equipment, guns and ammunition for team members, public address equipment, teaching aids, rulebooks, training manuals, film and video, safety texts, and awards, as well as the quantities required, must be outlined.

Courses:

Make the courses challenging, but simple enough to accommodate novice shooters. Examples for an intramural shooting sport might be: Air Rifle or Air Pistol Course – 30 shots, standing position, two minutes per shot (60 minutes); American Trap Course – one round, 25 targets.

Schedule of Events:

(Example Only) Begin October 1, Monday: 7:30 p.m.- 9:30 p.m., sign-up.

Required Safety Class for all, October 3: 7:30 p.m.- 9:30 p.m.

Sign up for 1st Round: October 8-12, 7 p.m. or 8 p.m.

Elimination to top 20 teams.

Sign-up for 2nd Round: October 15-19, 7 p.m. or 8 p.m.

Elimination to top 10 teams.

Sign-up for 3rd and Final Round: October 22 and 23, 7 p.m. or 8 p.m.

Awards presented October 23.

(Repeat the Intramural course in the Spring semester.)

Affiliations:

List the groups or organizations that require membership for the program. For example, affiliation with NCAA for a smallbore rifle team is necessary to be eligible for NCAA’s collegiate rifle program. Affiliation with the National Rifle Association brings benefits outlined later. Affiliate with the American Trapshooting Association or National Skeet Shooting Association, in addition to NRA, for shotgun programs. The team may be required to affiliate with a particular conference or division within a larger organization. Be sure to give the reasons for joining and the fees required.

School Support:

Describe the assistance needed from the school other than funding. This assistance may include participation by the recreational sports department during the safety lecture and awards presentation.

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Collegiate Shooting Sports Program Statement

Sample

ng Program Name of Shooti l Name of Schoo ool Address of Sch

ruction of shall be the inst m ra og pr ts or ticipate shooting sp ng program, par ti oo sh is The object of th th gh u owledge in the gun/other. Thro will acquire kn l) rifle/pistol/shot oo h sc of e ed marksulty of (nam well as improv as s, m ing shooters/fac ar re fi include: d proper care of es to be offered rs u safe handling an co ip sh an s of marksm manship. Title ester/quarter. dents) each sem u st of r be m u open to (n epartment).

Courses shall be (name of the d e th gh u ro th offered Courses will be sports of the shooting ge ar ch in r be Faculty mem program: : ember in charge m y lt cu fa of ss Addre g sports on the shootin n io at rm fo in Other program: l Name of Schoo ool Address of Sch

Presenting the Proposal

Once all the elements of the proposal are assembled, it is time to approach the school’s administrators for a formal presentation. Every phase of the proposed shooting sports program should be documented, and sufficient copies should be made for everyone attending the meeting. Written documentation of the program’s development helps keep the administrators and program advocates focused on the same issues. It also provides a written history of the activity for future reference.

A letter requesting a formal meeting may need to be prepared and sent to the appropriate campus authorities.

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Sample Letter:

Sample grams Intramural Pro

Council

State University Dear President:

d competitive recreational an y an m s er off y h physical currentl uding those wit cl in , ts State University en d u st es in the , a number of athletic activiti h it w t en em sports. However lv invo currently not e limited or no ms. One sport ra og disabilities, hav pr c ti le h shooting. amural and at tic endeavors -le h at t en d university’s intr u st ting mplement exis available can co m for shooting progra a ed ch ar se re ave have ty such as we h vi ree months, we ti th ac t g as n p ti e oo th r Fo lieve a sh like to students. We be hool. We would sc e th d an State University dy nit bo a part of State U nefit the studen m be l ra il og w pr ed is in th tl ou to make soon as urces available culty advisor as fa e th d an u discuss the reso yo ith est a meeting w versity. We requ . al ss our propos possible to discu ting hen such a mee w e in m er et d t week to your office nex ion.

We will contact your considerat r fo u yo k an is possible. Th Sincerely, Chairman lty Student & Facu ty si er g Sports iv n U e at St legiate Shootin ol rc te In r fo e te it Ad Hoc Comm isor dv A cc: Faculty

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Problems are not stop signs, they are guidelines.

—Robert Schuller

Chapter 5 Budget

P

utting together a budget outline is relatively easy once all the program’s components are determined. It then becomes a matter of matching the price tag to the item. The first year’s budget may seem high. The reason is the initial cost of securing equipment and, if necessary, getting a range in serviceable condition. These are one-time capital expenses. Operational expenses that will require funding on a regular basis include ammunition, targets, transportation, match fees, etc.

Campus officials will closely scrutinize the cost to the school and to the students in the program. The projected costs must be as accurate and realistic as possible. A proposal’s credibility can be seriously damaged if the projected budget is improperly prepared.

Learn how the school determines the fiscal or budgeting year. It may be based on the calendar year or on the school year. Be sure it is consistent with the school’s accounting system.

Traditionally, the expenses in any budget are preceded by the projected income for the budget period covered. The cost (expenses) projections are developed first to give some idea of how much money will be needed.

Now that the expenses are listed, the next question is how those bills will be paid. Financing a project will be the largest hurdle. Regardless of the program’s inherent merit to the students or to the school, its ultimate success in the proposal stage will depend on the soundness of its financing.

Naturally, the budget for a specific program will vary depending on a number of factors. These factors include the shooting discipline chosen (air gun, rifle, pistol, or shotgun), the length of the activity (semester, school or calendar year), and the type of program (intramural, ROTC, physical education course, club, or varsity sport). Be sure the budget correctly describes the desired program and accurately presents all anticipated costs. Most of your work is done once the costs are known.

Now it’s time to apply imagination and creativity in solving the next step. Start with the most obvious sources of potential income -- the students and the school.

Again, look to the immediate goal for an idea of how to start. What type of program is being proposed? Under what organization within the school or student structure will it operate? Will ROTC or physical education departments offer it or will it be an intramural or intercollegiate athletic activity? The answer will provide the first place to look for funding.

Students who pay range or match fees might generate funds. There may be funds

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from the student fees paid to the student organization that benefits or has an interest in the proposed program. See if they have any funds available to help defray the program’s expenses. Department budgets, intramural budgets, student government budgets, and any contingency or miscellaneous line items on any budget are fair game.

The type of program will point to the first door that needs to be knocked on. For example, if the program is to be an ROTC or physical education course, those departments might include some or all of the costs in their annual budgets. A school’s intramural council might have money set aside for each intramural sport. Some funding might be found in the athletic department budget for a club or varsity program. List the amount pledged from each source. If a match or range fee is to be charged to participants, estimate the number of students expected. Be realistic and choose a modest figure.

Compare the amount of funding anticipated from these initial sources to the projected expenses. School funding sources will cover most of the expenses. It is a good idea to maintain a fund-raising component to the program to build a reserve of funds for any unexpected need because equipment will need to be replaced eventually and facilities may need repair. Keep in mind that this budget has everything listed that a program could possibly need. A sample budget may look like the following: Intramural Budget for Fall/Spring Semester 20XX Capital Expenses Range Renovation Backstop Repair Ventilation Upgrade Target Carriers Paint/Brushes Shooting Tables PA Systems Equipment Rifles, Pistols, Shotguns Spotting Scopes Shooting Clothing Safety Glasses Capital Expense Total

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Operating Expenses Range Electricity Ammunition Equipment Targets Cleaning Materials Affiliation Fees NRA Club Dues Other Affiliations Administration League Bulletin

Stationery/Supplies Postage Fundraising Expenses Awards Miscellaneous Operating Expenses Total Projected Income Athletic Department Intramural Council Student Fees Student Government Fundraising State Shooting Association Outdoor Gun Club Bank Alumni Turkey Shoot Car Wash Bake Sale Carnival Safety Course Fees Range Fees Team Sponsor Match Program Ads Grants

Offering Scholarships

Every university has its own structure for obtaining scholarship monies, be it for sports or academics. This section is intended to touch briefly on the different ways to find existing funds for a competitive shooting program. Several universities have scholarship funds available to the shooting team. Most scholarship funds are found in the rifle discipline, but scholarships are also available for pistol and shotgun.

The most likely place to seek scholarship money for an existing shooting program is through the athletic department, state gun collector organizations, or ROTC units. Financial aid comes in many forms. It could be a one-time gift with funding amounts changing from term to term or renewable every year. Scholarships can cover any costs, ranging from student fees (including tuition and books) to full scholarships.

The best way for a new coach to get help creating a scholarship for his competitive shooting program is to contact college coaches that have existing scholarships and inquire as to how they were acquired.

Know the rules before starting up a scholarship program. Review the eligibility rules that apply to the college, especially recruiting guidelines. Consider the following organizations that may govern the institution’s policies for operating scholarships:

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The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) 700 W. Washington Street P.O. Box 6222 Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-6222 Phone: 317/917-6222 Fax: 317/917-6888 For students and parents with eligibility questions: NCAA Eligibility Center 877/262-1492 (toll free) 317/223-0700 http://www.ncaa.org/ National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) 1200 Grand Blvd.

Kansas City, MO 64106 P: 816.595.8000 F: 816.595.8200 NAIA Rules Hotline: 816-595-8180 http://naia.cstv.com/ National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) 1631 Mesa Ave. Suite B Colorado Springs, CO. 80906 P: 719.590.9788 F: 719.590.7324 http://www.njcaa.org/index.cfm

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Big shots are only little shots who keep shooting.

—Christopher Morley

Chapter 6 Other Sources of Money THE NRA FOUNDATION, INC.

Established in 1990, The NRA Foundation, Inc. is a 501( c )(3) tax-exempt organization that raises tax-deductible contributions in support of a wide range of firearm-related public interest activities of the National Rifle Association of America and other organizations that defend and foster the Second Amendment rights of all law-abiding Americans. These activities are designed to promote firearm and hunting safety, to enhance marksmanship skills of those participating in the shooting sports, and to educate the general public about firearms in their historic, technological, and artistic context. Funds granted by The NRA Foundation benefit a variety of constituencies throughout the United States, including children, youth, women, individuals with physical disabilities, gun collectors, law enforcement officers, and hunters. Questions? Call (800) 423-6894. http://www.nrafoundation.org/default.asp

THE NRA FOUNDATION, INC. GRANT PROGRAM

Since its inception, The NRA Foundation, Inc. has funded thousands of grants for tens of millions of dollars, becoming America’s leading charitable organization in support of the shooting sports.

The NRA Foundation national and state fund grants are focused on the following general categories: • Youth Programs • Range Development and Improvement • Training, Education, and Safety • Wildlife and Natural Resource Conservation Ineligible projects include deficit financing, political candidates or organizations, labor organization, and lobby efforts. In addition, other requirements and restrictions may apply.

To receive a grant application, please contact the Grant Manager for The NRA Foundation, Inc. at 11250 Waples Mill Rd., Fairfax, Virginia, 22030. You may call (703) 267-1131 for more information, or go to: http://www.friendsofnra.org/National.aspx?cid=9

FUND-RAISING

Any program that meets a significant portion of its expenses through sources other than the school’s budget stands a good chance of gaining administration interest and approval. Fund-raising is the key to this accomplishment.

The formula for successful fund-raising begins with a good committee, supported by effective public relations. Select this critical working committee very carefully. Committee members should be dedicated, imaginative, and willing to work. Consider a mix of students, faculty, alumni, and business leaders with a personal interest in the shooting sports. Their association with the program will

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be important in convincing others to contribute time or funds. The daily chores of administering an on-going fund-raising effort should be entrusted to an appointed executive officer.

The committee itself will serve as the basis for the initial fund-raising effort.

Ideas for fund-raising schemes will emerge, and the committee itself should be a fertile source for contacts with personal donors.

Contact all on-campus funding sources. Student activity fees and departmental budgets should be examined for any funds that can be earmarked for the shooting programs. Do this early. If no funds are available, ask that your program be listed in future budgets. Follow-up with inquiries.

Next, check with the school’s development department to see if there are any foundations interested in helping student athletic or club ventures. Some private organizations may be interested in promoting the shooting sports or individual marksmanship excellence on the student level. Libraries have listings of charitable foundations. If any foundations seem promising, contact each one and ask about the procedure and deadlines for submitting grant proposals.

Fund-raising events and solicitations can really challenge the committee’s imagination. Again, the development office should be able to lend a hand by pointing out the various terms and techniques used to raise funds.

Events can be as simple as bake sales and car washes. One fund-raiser that has a direct tie-in to the program is an air gun shoot. It can introduce students to the fun of shooting, and do so in an extremely informal setting. Gun shows are also an excellent source to fund the collegiate shooting sports program.

Direct solicitation can be done face-to-face, via advertising, through the mail, and even on the Internet. A combination event/solicitation, such as a dinnerdance or an auction-art/photo exhibit, usually proves successful. Again, the key is to target invitations to people who are likely to be donors.

Building good public relations for the shooting sports means nurturing the support of the school’s administration, faculty, students, alumni, parents, and the community. Keeping all persons informed of successes and achievements and of the good works provided by the program is critical to this effort. Favorable media coverage keeps campus and community support for the shooting sports alive. A newsletter for donors’ and competitors’ families builds good public relations, and involves a network of people who can be asked to help support the effort when necessary. Competitors in the shooting sports will become alumni someday, and, therefore, ideal potential donors. Involvement of alumni bridges the gap between the campus and the community.

Even if gun club members are not able to contribute funds directly, they may help through community contacts. Civic organizations are always looking for educational projects to support. The emphasis on safety training and the good citizenship that stems from self-discipline easily builds a convincing argument for the support of a shooting sports program.

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Donations can be anything from cash to merchandise, and may even include dis-

counts on items that the shooting sports need. Items contributed by stores may be used in raffles or auctions that are held at events such as fund-raising fairs or fun shoots.

There are thousands of shooting sports programs on club, high school, and college levels throughout the country. Gun manufacturers and national organizations (such as the NRA) could not possibly help fund all programs. However, it is a good idea to contact the NRA for help in locating gun clubs in the immediate community or for a contact with the state shooting association. Alumni who are also active in local gun clubs or state associations can help with fund-raising and building community support. A local gun club or the state association may be willing to host a fund-raising event for the program. They may even be able to adopt the team. They may be willing to ask their membership for donations through a mail campaign, for example. At the very least, such community groups will be a good source for potential booster club members.

After considering all possible sources of revenue, draw up a financing plan.

Describe it in the proposal. School administrators are aware of the ins-and-outs of fund-raising. Annotate in the proposal each technique intended to aid in the collecting, recording, depositing, and disbursing of the funds needed to meet the program’s expenses. Be sure the system conforms to the school’s policies. The fund-raising program must be businesslike and responsible. Donors must trust that their gifts will be used wisely for an appropriate purpose. Work with other successful fund-raising programs on campus in order to learn applicable rules and laws.

Successful fund-raising rests on a positive attitude. In order to sell the bright future of the program and the achievements of the past, stress the costs, value of shooting sports to all students, opportunities for young people, athletics, pride, tradition, tax benefits, educational aspects, and life-long benefits of the sport.

When describing the costs, divide them into ongoing (maintenance), one-time (range development, equipment, etc.), and long-range (scholarships, capital expenses, etc.). Ask for a specific amount, but be flexible. Remember, money is only one way of giving. People will want to know why they should give to the program. List reasons. Remember, you are trying to sell the shooting program.

Be positive—and appreciative!

ENDOWMENT FUNDS

Of all the ways to raise money, one of the best is through an endowment fund.

This tax-deductible fund provides an ongoing means to raise money for the shooting sports (or any program), as well as to get many people and groups involved in the endeavor.

All universities and colleges have endowment funds, and their financial officers are very familiar with the procedure to establish one. The process may take some time, but is worth the effort.

The following example is a guideline that illustrates how a fund might be set up. Note all the different areas of the university that are involved in the fund.

Depending on the needs of any given collegiate shooting team, recipients and supporters may vary.

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State University Foundation Endowment Award Administrative Agreement 1. Name of Account: Athletic Endowment—(Name) Shooting Scholarship Endowment Fund 2. Correspondence Regarding This Program Should Be Directed To: Executive Director, State University 3. Date Established: xx-xx-xxxx 4. Date Effective: Commencing when agreement is signed both by Executive Director and Treasurer of the State University Foundation, and the Chancellor, State University.

5. Program Purpose: To provide shooting scholarships for students at State University.

6. Amount Available: The funds available for award shall be limited to interest earned on the principal, less the value of inflation, which shall be reinvested as principal. Inflation rate will be based on the State Consumer Price Index (Community Research Quarterly: A Socio-Economic Review or equivalent) and adjusted annually effective (date).

7. Qualifications Pertaining To Recipients: a. Recipient should demonstrate motivation, academic, and leadership potential. b. Recipient must be in good academic standing. c. Recipient must be a full-time student attending the University. d. Recipient must be a member of a State University Shooting Team.

8. An Understanding Pertaining to the Administration of the Program: a. Candidates for this fund will be nominated by shooting coach or coaches. Applications will be forwarded to the State University Foundation. b. Selection committee: (1) The scholarships will be given by the shooting coaches. Decisions on allocations among shooting coaches (rifle, pistol, shotgun) will be made by the Director of Intercollegiate Athletics (the shooting coaches’ immediate supervisor).

(2) Total discretion is given to the shooting coaches in the allocation. They are not required to use all available money each year. They are subject only to the normal pressures of their supervisor in allocation decisions. The fund should in no way restrict the free hand of the shooting coaches.

(3) Should the coaches deem it appropriate, an outstanding student may qualify for multi-year funding. The student will, however, be required to reapply for each year. c. A recipient selected for assistance in a forthcoming semester will forfeit the scholarship if he or she: (1) Does not enroll in the semester in which the award is to be in effect.

(2) Is placed on academic probation d. If, in any year, there is no varsity shooting team at SU, then the earnings (after inflation-proofing) will be given to (FOR EXAMPLE) the 4-H Foundation for use in the 4-H Shooting Sports Program. The 4-H Program Coordinator with the Cooperative Extension Service will be the person responsible for the use and award of funds so transferred. e. If there is no varsity shooting team at State University for a continuous period of 12 years, the entire fund will be turned over to the (FOR EXAMPLE) 4-H Foundation for use in the 4-H Shooting Sports Program.

If the (FOR EXAMPLE) 4-H Shooting Sports Program does not exist at that time, then the entire fund will be turned over

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to the National Rifle Association of America where it will be administered by the Executive Vice President for the support of collegiate shooting sports. The University may not use any portion of this fund for any purpose other than the direct support of varsity shooting.

If there is more money available that the shooting coaches can use for shooting scholarships, they may use the additional interest to support their varsity shooting programs in any way they choose, provided it is consistent with current university policy. f. The Executive Director of the State University Foundation will notify the shooting coaches at the end of each fiscal year concerning the amount available from the foundation for the (name) Shooting Scholarship Endowment Fund. g. The fund is to be accounted for as an endowment fund. That is, the principal of the fund remains inviolate and in perpetuity. Only income earned on the principal is available for expenditure. Any interest income not awarded in any year may, at the discretion of the shooting coaches, be returned to the principal or held in the interest portion to be awarded in succeeding years. h. There are no restrictions as to the investment of funds other than those imposed by the Treasurer of the State University Foundation. i. Costs may be recorded in a University restricted account and will be reimbursed by the State University Foundation upon presentation of an invoice. ________________(name here) Executive Director State University Foundation

________________(name here) Treasurer State University Foundation

_________________(name here) Initial Donor State University Foundation

Additional Sources Of Funding In addition to the NRA Foundation, Inc. Grant Program, these other organizations also offer funding assistance for high school and college shooting programs.

MidwayUSA Foundation, Inc MidwayUSA Foundation, Inc Attention: Scholastic Shooting Trust Fund 5875 West Van Horn Tavern Rd. Columbia, MO 65203-9274 Scholastic Shooting Trust Fund http://www.scholasticshootingtrust.org/ National Shooting Sports Foundation National Shooting Sports Foundation Attention: CSSI 11 Mile Hill Road Newtown, CT 06470-2359 www.nssf.org/cssi Collegiate Shooting Sports Initiative http://www.nssf.org/cssi/

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“The secret of success is constancy of purpose.”

--Benjamin Disraeli

Chapter 7 Keeping the Program Alive

E

arlier in this book, we compared setting up a collegiate shooting sports program with producing a play -- finding the right location, attracting interested people, lining up solid financing, etc. But getting a play successfully to the stage is just part of the story. Keeping it there is the real challenge.

Making a play appear fresh and interesting night after night, week after week, and, in some cases, year after year — that’s the real work. Anyone who’s ever been associated with a smash hit on Broadway will say it’s all worth it. The work is the reward.

Operating a college shooting program is like that. The everyday challenges of keeping one afloat, such as budgeting and financing, public relations, keeping track of changes in college policies, monitoring attitudes of students, faculty, and administrators, and day-to-day administration are part of what makes a shooting program interesting and alive. Providing students with a sport that offers a lifetime of pleasure and a competitive challenge is another plus.

Remember, there are resources available to help, and they should be utilized fully.

The NRA is one such resource. NRA staff members are available to help you, and their expertise in operating a shooting sports program is just a telephone call away.

SPEAKING UP FOR THE SHOOTING SPORTS

Always stay on top of the attitudes toward the college’s shooting sports program.

If there is any sense of a growing negative faction, move to counter it before it gathers strength. Find out what the objections are and prepare to respond to each positively and confidently. For example, should an editorial appear in the local or campus newspaper criticizing the program, write the editor immediately and identify yourself as working with the program. Ask others to write. If the letters are not published in a week or so, call the newspaper and ask why. The newspaper has a responsibility to present different views on issues that concern the public. Be sure at least one pro-shooting sports letter is published to counter the negative editorial.

DEVELOPING AN INFORMATION PACKET

In working within the school system, know the deadlines and guidelines for all sports, and find out what hearing appeal boards review the shooting sports. Use all this information and the resources of the NRA to maintain the existing program and to build on it. The healthier the program is, the better chance it has to keep going through college administration changes and coach/instructor changes within the shooting sports themselves.

Colleges may have guidelines and procedures for dropping a varsity or club sport. Obtain a copy and become familiar with these guidelines. Some reasons for dropping a sport may include:

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• Cost of supporting the sport is too high • Facilities are inadequate • Coaching or faculty staff is unavailable • Scheduling becomes difficult • Recruitment is a problem • Participants or spectator interest has declined From these examples, draw up an information sheet in support of the shooting team and keep it updated. Following is an example of an information packet put together by a team that found itself at risk. In the end, the team was saved.

The team took the university’s guidelines and procedures sheet for dropping a varsity sport and answered every question with reasons to keep their program active. The name of the university is fictitious, but the situation is real. (Some things may seem odd because this example is more than 20 years old). Although the example focuses on a rifle team, this material is equally valuable for pistol and shotgun programs.

PRESENTING YOUR CASE

This is the time to shine. When speaking before any group or campus governing body, have everything in order and present people who bolster the program’s cause. Be sure to present speakers who represent the wide interest in the shooting team: parents, student shooters, coaches, faculty advisors, donors of scholarship or endowment monies, NRA representation, coaches from other schools, etc.

Make sure all speeches and deliveries are clear, concise, and brief. Keep the focus on the shooting sports. Review all remarks before meeting. Many times, this presentation will be the first meeting for students and coaches with the appeals council or athletic department. Remember, this is not an emotional issue for administrators, but it is for the shooting team. Channel emotions into positive energy. Call the NRA and other supporters for additional ideas.

Here are some notes and points covered in speeches given to an athletic council during an appeals hearing in support of keeping a team active. Again, the name of the university is fictitious, but the examples are real.

Presentation Examples 1st speaker:

• Team has been successful over the years; relates well to conference and other rifle teams across the country • SU was example for other rifle teams to follow • Provides the Athletic Department with another NCAA sport • Coach on NCAA Rifle Committee

2nd speaker:

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• Coached for 12 years at SU • Compare Rifle Team budget with other sports’ budgets • Listing of what Athletic Department has done for the team in the past (purchased rifles and equipment, budgeted for team, etc.)

• Presently, there is no range • Cost of range renovation or rebuilding • Off-campus location of range and practice area

• Plans for continuing with the team and ongoing process of raising funds for a range • Shooting team members still compete for the college • Reminds the council that the purpose of athletics is to provide diversification for students, provide good publicity for the school, and add physical education for the students

3rd speaker:

• Sent by NRA • Ensuring that college athletics continues to be strong, especially in shooting • Colleges need to keep minor sports very active for students because more students are involved in minor sports than major sports • U.S. success in shooting due to college and junior shooting programs • Shooting events have been in Olympics since 1896 • Shooting a lifetime sport • Sport in NCAA since 1980 • Attractive sport to many students, with P.E. courses, intramurals, and competition teams filling up with interested participants

4th speaker:

• Shooting successful at the university • The coaches and team are willing to take a risk and continue with a sport that may be eliminated at any time • Potential to succeed nationally • People involved who care locally and nationally • Doubtful if any other university sport has reached national status on an $8,000 budget • Students go on to be successful in life

5th speaker:

• Alumni continue to give funding to the rifle team and the school • The discipline needed in shooting helps academically • Dependent on scholarship money • Provides an outlet from classes

6th speaker:

• Proud of university, with two children attending • Shooting has expanded rather than narrowed their opportunities • Carries the name of the school into other areas (work, home, friends) • Family donated to school

7th speaker:

• Looked for shooting school to attend, with good academic and good coaches • Shooting helped to set and attain goals • Helping to raise money for new range

8th speaker:

• Conclusion and summary

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In corresponding with the administration, solicit support letters from many people in the community, in the shooting arena across the country, and especially from the schools in the same conference, league, or region. Support from their school administrators helps too!

Here are two letters written to key administrators supporting the shooting sports:

r Athletic Directo ity rs State Unive e University. program at Stat fle ri e th of t or supp ur department’s u to continue yo yo ge ur to g ents. College I am writin me for most stud ho om fr ay aw of home. perience e world outside olonged life ex th pr e on th w t do en in es w pr es, a ars re t to escape the nal opportuniti The collegiate ye rmits the studen vious educatio pe ob ts e or th sp to in n n tio io di ipat e and provides, in ad athletics. Partic d maturity. Thes revolves around p discipline an lo ce ve en de ri pe to ex ity e rtun Part of th oviding an oppo emics while pr ad ac of college and life. s re su th pres success, bo in to l ia uc cr e ar in traits t requirements other character l. It has modes ce ex to ce an le ch r end fa ss lop the rtunity to deve sity. Shooters sp er po iv op un an e t th en to ud that w cost the st Statistics show Shooting offers and travel are lo isibility sports.

-v ent. Coaching m gh st hi ve r in he l ot ta pi es in the way of a ca her athletes. ion than athlet compared to ot ng and competit as ni t ai en tr in em e ev hi tim ac emic academic e-average acad oup, have abov gr a as concentra, rs te oo sh believe that the ly m fir I . es on tive were very posi to my successful ences in college ted immensely ri bu pe ri ex nt g co tin ve oo ha d more to e years My personal sh ards contribute loped over thos aw ve an de I ic er at m th A e llsciplin om any s, and A tion and self-di received that fr Championship ve l ha na t io no at d N , ul ds co nly ional Recor ys of college my life. I certai career. The Nat nue. In these da experiences in r ve re he ot no y in an g an in ts br nce th fully e shooting spor my self-confide unities that are It is true that th g offers opport t. tin or oo sp sh , am er te ev d ci w. How and so ety. other organize nefit of oneself is certainly a fla is be th re ’ s, tu ck fu e bu th ig r t fo ng ‘b lf-improvemen athletics meani llege, namely se co g in nd te at the diversity of consistent with fail to preserve u yo If . ity rs ve ho Uni ents. It is they w ogram at State tituents, the stud pand the rifle pr ns ex co d an ue tr in e ta ur th re r yo fo ce to I urge you to as they prepare a great disservi aff for guidance st u will be doing d yo an s, ic lty et cu hl fa at ’s college of the University other members d an u yo on ly re rizons. n’t limit their ho future. Please do

r: Athletic Directo

s, Very Truly Your John Doe

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President State University President: It has recently been brought to my attention th sports that are at State Univers not deemed im ity is considerin po rt an g the eliminatio t to th gram, you cons e university. I w n of several ider the follow ou ld ask that in the ing factors befo ca se of the SU sh re a final decisi ooting proon is rendered.

While shooting may not have th e spectator appe gate receipts, th al of some othe ere are many im r sports, and m portant reason ay not generate s to allow the co substantial ntinuance of a vi able shooting pr Shooting instill ogram at SU. s self-discipline, determination, lifetime of prod an d de di cation, traits th uctivity. On th at are invaluab e whole, shoote in most other sp le components rs have a much orts, and compe of a hi gh er gr ad e-point average tition is open to champion shoo th an an yo pa ne rt icipants , not just those ters come in al who are physic l shapes and size ally gifted. Oly s, and most of mpic them shot on co llege teams.

In my view, elim inating your ri fle team would prived of the op do a great disser portunity to pa vice to the stud rt icipate in this gr ents who would shoulder-to-sh eat sport, one of then be deoulder on an eq the few in which ua l ba si s. The retention m attracting acad en an d w omen compete of your rifle team emically outsta program also pr nding shootingamong the shoo ov or ie id nt es ed a means of st udents because ting fraternity. of the excellent reputation SU enjoys It is my unders tanding that pa rt of the proble part of the univ m is the lack of ersity and the he a shooting rang lp of rifle team e. With some pl to build a facilit al um anning on the ni , I fe y that would br el confident th at in g do in nated funds co re venue-generatin In closing, I as uld be obtained g shooting com k once again th petition from th at you seriousl decision. I belie y e consider every surrounding ar ve that retainin aspect of this qu ea. g the opportun estion before yo tive shooting sp ity fo u come to a r young people to ort considerab compete with on ly enhances thei community an e another in a co r potential to gr d leaders in all mpetiow an d become produc phases of life. tive members of the Sincerely, Jane Doe

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PROMOTION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS

The strong programs seem to stay strong, but not without hard work. All schools with shooting teams work hard to keep their teams at their present level. You must meet regularly with college administrators and keep these people current on what is happening with their team. Keep up on all policy changes and financial issues concerning the college at large because ultimately funding cuts will affect all areas of the university. Being a shooting sports administrator is a full-time job, but most shooting coaches have other jobs as well.

Most shooting teams are their own best public relations advocates, and promotion of the shooting sports comes from within the team structure. Most college newspapers will print material covering the team, but will not cover the events themselves.

Here are some examples of team promotion and public relations work: • Provide community service as a team • Training/Mentoring/ local youth • Tutor local youth • Create a Boosters Club • Create an Alumni Club • Buy advertisements in local papers • Contact the university radio station, TV station, and newspaper to place advertisements • Locate local companies to sponsor your team and/or range • Host an Open Range Day for university officials and students • Sponsor raffles of donated merchandise to supplement the teams budget • T shirt sales • Bake sales

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Sources of Support

The strength of the collegiate shooting program comes from many different sources. The National Rifle Association is a major source of support, and so are areas such as: • ROTC departments with support staff, ranges, and equipment • Knowledgeable Coaches and instructors • College administrators with support of budget and space • Literature to become a better shooter and coach • The National Collegiate Athletic Association All these areas play an important part in keeping the shooting program active and growing.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association

The strength of the NCAA in collegiate sports is known throughout the country, and is best noted in the sports of football, baseball, and basketball. Its image permeates the college campus, and goes beyond the sport itself to encompass the academic and social life of the students.

The NCAA provides this same vehicle for many lesser-known sports, such as rifle shooting. In 1980, the NCAA affiliated rifle as a sport. In the collegiate shooting arena, there is a prestige associated with an NCAA rifle team, and rightly so. The NCAA provides a positive image of shooting to the campus and public at large.

With rifle as an NCAA sport, there is an annual shoulder-to-shoulder championship, bringing together the top collegiate shooters in the nation to compete for national individual and team honors. The level of competition and pressure associated with the championship is surpassed only by competition for the Olympic and World Championships tryouts. The NCAA Rifle Championship has brought with it the type of competition necessary to prepare these shooters to vie for a place on the U.S. Shooting Team.

Many of the top collegiate shooters in the country are members of NCAA rifle teams. Top competitors thrive in such an environment. It is an area that has been created through the image of the NCAA’s presence, and needs to continue. This is a strong part of the collegiate shooting program.

NCAA sports are tied to the university’s athletic department where, depending on the university, scholarships and coaching staff may be available.

The National Rifle Association has always been a vital part of collegiate shooting programs and remains so. It sees the NCAA rifle program as giving collegiate rifle shooting a major boost, a way of strengthening its program, and providing collegiate shooters with a chance to excel and strive to the very elite class of shooting.

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The NCAA Rifle Committee is made up of college rifle coaches and athletic administrators interested in the well-being of collegiate shooting. Many are active competitors or shooting enthusiasts, and some have served on NRA committees.

Some have also been members of the U.S. Shooting Team in Olympic and World competition. They all have the best interests of collegiate shooting at heart.

Another plus to being involved with an NCAA rifle team is the opportunity to attend or host the NCAA Rifle Championships. These attributes help to keep the shooting program active and up front in the eyes of the college administrators.

There are more than 1,000 colleges affiliated with NCAA. These colleges need a minimum number of sports to remain NCAA-affiliated.

Rifle could be one of them. The sport of rifle is included in all three divisions of the NCAA. The process involved in getting rifle on the NCAA sports roster may or may not be as difficult as it sounds. In brief, the athletic department has to approve and accept rifle as a varsity sport. The NCAA does not demand that the university fund or staff the sport. However, the athletic department must be sure that the sport they want to affiliate meets the NCAA rules and regulations. If a person or group is going to talk with the athletic director about affiliating rifle as an NCAA sport, be prepared to understand the following areas: The rifle team must know the NCAA manual and its rules, especially regarding its constitution/bylaws, eligibility, recruiting, and playing seasons.

The team must conduct itself and follow the rules properly.

The team must know what can be done regarding financial aid.

For more details on this process, contact the NCAA or the NRA Collegiate and School Programs.

The NCAA provides opportunities for the rifle shooter while they are in college.

These few years of a young shooter’s life can become the most valuable in excelling at their shooting skills. Statistics are strong in recognizing the college years as the time when shooters develop their skills and take them to the top.

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The ultimate link that connects people to a lifetime of shooting success lies in the collegiate shooting programs. When an opportunity provided by the NCAA comes along, it should be valued and supported to its fullest extent. The potential is in the shooter and the shooting program, but one vehicle for success can be found in the NCAA.

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You have to have confidence in your ability, and then be tough enough to follow through.

—Rosalynn Carter

Chapter 8 NRA Intercollegiate Championships NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships

The purpose of the Championship is to determine the National Collegiate Individual and Team Champions in NRA Intercollegiate Free Pistol, Standard Pistol, Open Air Pistol, Women’s Air Pistol and Women’s Sport Pistol. Qualifications for an invitation to the Championships are determined from scores fired in the annual NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Sectionals held throughout the U.S. between January and February. The Championships attract competitors and schools nationwide.

Invitations to the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships Open Events

To be eligible for participation in the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships a shooter must be a regularly enrolled undergraduate student who complies with the eligibility rules of his/her institution. An undergraduate is a student who has not received his/her bachelor’s degree. Qualifying teams and individuals will be selected based on scores fired in the current years’ NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Sectionals. See the NRA International Pistol Rule 2.8.

Teams and individuals qualifying in two of the three open events may participate in all three open events in order to compete for national aggregate championship awards only.

Women’s Events

The top fifteen ranking women who fire in the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Sectional Women’s Air Pistol event are invited to compete for the title of Women’s Collegiate Air Pistol National Champion. The top fifteen women who fire in the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Sectionals women’s sport event are invited to compete for the title of Women’s Collegiate Sport Pistol National Champion. The top five teams in Women’s Air Pistol and Women’s Sport Pistol will be invited to the Championships.

ROTC Events

ROTC teams will be invited in Standard Pistol only.

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NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships

This championship will include NRA College Rifle Clubs, ROTC Teams, and independent shooters, for which there is currently no national championship. The purpose of this championship is to determine the National Collegiate Rifle Club Individual and Team Champions, and ROTC Individual and Team Champions.

The championship will feature Smallbore Rifle and Air Rifle competitions and Training Summits for all participants and coaches.

Invitations to the NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships

To be eligible for participation in the NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships a shooter must be a regularly enrolled undergraduate student who complies with the eligibility rules of his/her institution. An undergraduate is a student who has not received his/her bachelor’s degree. Qualifying teams and individuals will be selected based on scores fired in the current years’ NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Sectionals. See the NRA International Rifle Rule 2.8.

The top thirty ranking individuals in each gun and the top ten ranking team in each gun will be invited. Only one team per institution per event may qualify to compete. Additionally, the top three teams and the top five individuals from sectionals will be given free entry to the championship.

NRA Intercollegiate Rifle and Pistol Sectionals

The National Rifle Association’s Intercollegiate Sectionals provide the opportunity for individuals and teams to compete with hundreds of collegiate shooters across the nation and to compare their marksmanship performance by being nationally ranked.

Sectional tournaments are registered indoor matches conducted at numerous locations throughout the country. Competitors may select the most convenient location from the sectionals listed in the “Coming Events” section of Shooting Sports USA. Complete information regarding the sectionals may be obtained from the NRA or from the event sponsor. Competitors may fire any of the seven collegiate sectional events: smallbore rifle, air rifle, free pistol, standard pistol, air pistol, women’s air pistol and women’s sport pistol. A shooter is allowed to compete in only one sectional per year in each event. Click here to register your sectional: http://www.nrahq.org/compete/tournaments/ After firing, scores are sent to NRA where they are nationally ranked and any national records are recorded. All Intercollegiate Sectional scores must be fired under NRA International Rifle and Pistol Rules. When all tournaments have been fired, a national results bulletin is compiled, listing every score for that year’s sectional matches. Each competitor receives a copy.

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NRA Intercollegiate Rifle and Pistol Sectionals are the official qualifiers for the NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships and the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships respectively.

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A man of ability and the desire to accomplish something can do anything.

—Donald Kircher

Chapter 9 Becoming a Coach or Instructor NRA/USA SHOOTING/CMP COACH SCHOOLS, SHOOTING CLINICS, AND COMPETITIVE SHOOTING CAMPS The NRA’s Education and Training Division schedules coach certification schools, shooting clinics, shooting seminars, and American Sport Education Classes.

The NRA accepts requests to host smallbore rifle, air rifle (precision/sporter), high power rifle, pistol, and shotgun coach schools, competition shooting clinics, and coaching seminars. For more information on how your school or club can sponsor one of these events, or to attend an NRA Coach Training School, call (703) 267-1401 or visit: http://www.nrahq.org/education/training/coaching/seminars.asp

Coach Certification Schools

The NRA Education and Training Division’s Coach Program includes schools for rifle, pistol, running target, high power rifle, and shotgun.

Training reflects the latest in coaching philosophy, techniques, and presentation methodology. The schools generally last two days and cover the following topics: sports history, equipment, rules, coaching methods, shooting positions, mental training, and how to start a shooting program. The Coach Certification School is a requirement for becoming a Certified Coach.

To attend a Coach Certification School you must be age 15 or older and have completed the NRA Basic Shooting Course, or have a current classification card, or meet ROTC or 4H Marksmanship Training Program requirements, or apply for a waiver because of experience in the shooting sports.

Minimum ages: Junior Trainer Appointed Coach Certified Coach

15 Years 18 Years 21 Years

To attend Advanced International Coach Schools, you must be a Certified Coach or have a waiver from the National Coach Trainer.

The American Sport Education Program (ASEP) helps improve the sport experience for youths by providing quality instructional resources, workshops, and courses for coaches, administrators, and parents. This program challenges them to consider a healthier, athlete-centered philosophy, and then provide the necessary tools to help put that philosophy to work in their local sports programs.

ASEP provides high quality educational courses and resources to better equip coaches, parents, and administrators to positively influence amateur sports,

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resulting in a safer, more enjoyable, and valuable sports experience for all young athletes. The ASEP Coaching Principles Course is a requirement for becoming a Certified Coach.

Coaching Seminars

Becoming an Appointed Coach represents only the first step towards becoming an effective coach. After appointment or certification, coaches are generally on their own to gain the additional information needed to further develop their coaching effectiveness.

The Coach Seminar supplements the Coach School and information gained by coaches attaining Certified Coach status. These seminars focus on the practical aspects of coaching and include: • Refining shooting positions • Developing training plans and effective training sessions • Match preparation • Techniques of mental training • Adjusting equipment (precision air rifles, .22 free rifles) • Developing an effective club organization • Advanced equipment selection and acquisition • Shot Plan and tactics • Competitions, colleges, and USAS • National Coach Development School (NCDS) All coach school instructors are members of the NRA National Coach Development Staff. These instructors are the best shooting coaches in the United States.

Hand-picked for their ability to teach and coach the shooting sports, they are carefully selected based on their talents and expertise in sports education and specific shooting disciplines. This is a special three-day training session on how to conduct informative and enjoyable coach schools. To learn more visit: http://www.nrahq.org/education/training/coaching/index.asp The American Sport Education Program (ASEP) helps improve the sport experience for youths by providing quality instructional resources, workshops, and courses for coaches, administrators, and parents. This program challenges them to consider a healthier, athlete-centered philosophy, and then provide the necessary tools to help put that philosophy to work in their local sports programs.

ASEP provides high quality educational courses and resources to better equip coaches, parents, and administrators to positively influence amateur sports, resulting in a safer, more enjoyable, and valuable sports experience for all young athletes. The ASEP Coaching Principles Course is a requirement for becoming a Certified Coach.

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BECOMING AN NRA INSTRUCTOR

Whether you are interested in recreational shooting, competition, hunting, gun collecting, historical reenactment, home safety, or personal protection -- the basics are where you should start! NRA Basic Firearm Training Courses teach you the safety principles and help you develop the attitude, knowledge, and skills that are needed to successfully pursue your shooting interests.

Since 1871, one of NRA’s major objectives has been to provide basic training in the safe and proper use of firearms. Today, almost 47,000 NRA Certified Instructors throughout the United States continue this fine tradition of public service by conducting NRA Basic Firearm Training Courses. Courses are offered in the following disciplines: Pistol, Rifle, Shotgun, Home Firearm Safety, Personal Protection, Muzzleloading Pistol, Muzzleloading Rifle, Muzzleloading Shotgun, Range Safety Officer, Metallic Cartridge Reloading, and Shotgun Shell Reloading.

Using the NRA training method of Total Participant Involvement (TPI), basic courses provide hands-on learning opportunities in the following areas: • Safe firearm handling • Firearm parts and operation • Ammunition and its function • Shooting fundamentals and an opportunity to apply them on the range • How to select, clean, and store a firearm • Review of various activities available to help participants develop and improve their shooting skills Attractive certificates are awarded to participants who successfully complete each basic course. Learn more at: http://www.nrahq.org/education/training/instructor.asp

NRA’s FIRST STEPS Program

FIRST (Firearm Instruction, Responsibility, and Safety Training) STEPS is the latest addition to the NRA’s training programs for new shooters. It provides hands-on orientation to one specific rifle, pistol, or shotgun model in as little as three hours, including a one-hour shooting session on a range.

How can you find an NRA basic course in your area?

NRA instructors are located in virtually every community throughout the United States. For a list of instructors in your area, contact the NRA Training Department at http://www.nrainstructors.org/searchcourse.aspx or (703) 267-1430.

NRA Certified Instructors

There are 11 different courses in the program being taught throughout the nation

by NRA Certified Instructors. NRA Instructors also teach the three-hour FIRST STEPS Orientation Program (rifle, pistol, and shotgun) to introduce new shooters to a particular firearm model. Instructors provide an invaluable service in their communities by training hundreds of thousands of individuals annually. As firearm and shooting activities expand, and more Americans choose to exercise

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their right to carry a firearm, so too grows the need for these courses.

You can be the vital element in meeting this need by becoming an NRA Certified Instructor and conducting NRA Basic Firearm Training Courses. As an instructor, you can experience the personal satisfaction of teaching others the basics -- the attitude, knowledge, and skills that will lead to a lifetime of safe, enjoyable, and successful involvement in firearm and shooting activities.

The NRA is looking for new instructors who enjoy working with people, want to share their firearm knowledge and skills with others, and are willing to make a commitment to teach NRA training courses in their communities.

To qualify as an NRA instructor, you must:

1. Possess and demonstrate a solid background in firearm safety and shooting skills acquired through previous firearm training (such as completion of an NRA Basic Firearm Training Course) and/or previous shooting experience.

2. Successfully complete the appropriate NRA instructor examination with the following scores: Certified—90% or higher. Assistant—85% or higher. Apprentice—85% or higher 3. Satisfactorily complete an NRA Instructor Training Course for the area of specialization you wish to teach, e.g., NRA Basic Shotgun Course, and receive the endorsement of the NRA Training Counselor conducting your training.

4. Submit your application with the appropriate certification fee. Membership in the National Rifle Association is strongly recommended.

NRA Certified Instructor ratings are available to individuals who wish to be fully qualified to conduct basic courses and who are 21 years of age or older.

Assistant Ratings are available to individuals who wish to assist certified instructors in order to gain the knowledge and experience needed to become a certified instructor (Must be 18 years of age or older).

Apprentice Ratings are available to young people who wish to understudy a certified instructor in preparation for more advanced ratings. An NRA Certified Instructor will choose the apprentice instructor from select individuals. These individuals must be of the emotional maturity necessary to handle such a position.

In addition, they must have attended and successfully completed an NRA Basic Firearm Training Course in their chosen area of specialization. (Must be 13-17 years of age.)

Your responsibilities as an NRA Certified Instructor will include: • Conducting NRA Basic Courses in accordance with policies and procedures outlined by the NRA • Upholding the quality and integrity of national firearm safety and training standards established by the NRA • Promoting firearm safety and the shooting sports • Reporting training data to the NRA

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Knowing how to shoot is an important requirement for NRA instructors, but you will also need to know how to teach others to shoot. NRA Instructor Training Courses help you develop the additional knowledge, skills, and techniques needed to organize and teach courses in the NRA Basic Firearm Training Program.

Instructor training courses are conducted by NRA Training Counselors. Training Counselors are active and experienced instructors who have been appointed by the NRA to train new instructors. You may request a list of training counselors in your geographic area by contacting the NRA Training Department at http://www.nrahq.org/education/training/instructor.asp or (703) 267-1430.

How you benefit by becoming an NRA Instructor:

­ RA Certified Instructors are qualified to take the NRA Basic Range Safety N Officer Course as a validation course. The Basic Range Safety Officer validation course is offered and taken as part of the Home Study Program.

You can soon qualify to become an NRA Training Counselor. In this position, you have the responsibility of teaching (new) NRA Instructors.

Once you receive your certificate (which is suitable for framing) from the NRA, you will receive your identification card. You will also receive a free subscription to the NRA Shooting Education Update, a newsletter published periodically for all NRA trainers.

Program information, training schedules, book reviews, material updates, and more are provided. Additionally, this periodic update provides an open forum for the exchange of information and ideas on firearm safety and marksmanship education.

You can become an even more valuable resource for your community. NRA Certified Instructors are leaders who provide a very important service. Because of your dedication to the shooting sports, you are providing a chance for others to enjoy the same benefits of firearm ownership that you have enjoyed in the past.

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Don’t let the fear of the time it will take to accomplish something stand in the way of your doing it. The time will pass anyway; we might just as well put that passing time to the best possible use.

—Earl Nightingale

Chapter 10 Conclusion

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he future of shooting is in the hands of our youth, but all of us must provide shooting sports opportunities to facilitate this transition. Universities with shooting programs are the critical training grounds for the best young shooters in this country. Universities are also providing an educational system that exposes those young people to shooting as a recreational and lifetime sport. It is our job to expand the collegiate shooting programs to each campus and to offer every student the opportunity to participate.

Shooting is accepted in the college system as an opportunity for learning. This firm position is crucial to the future of collegiate shooting sports. From our nation’s colleges come the future leaders of this country.

Shooting is already a well-established college sport. The challenge is to provide unlimited opportunities for students to take part in a sport that is gaining popularity daily.

These guidelines provide a vehicle for the creativity, clear thinking, and commitment essential in developing a successful collegiate shooting sports program.

Information on all collegiate shooting programs can be obtained by contacting the NRA Collegiate and Schools Programs.

Contact Us! NRA Collegiate and Schools Programs Competitive Shooting Division 11250 Waples Mill Road Fairfax, Virginia 22030-9400 Phone: (703) 267-1473 or (703) 267-1484 E-mail: collegiate@nrahq.org Web site: www.nrahq.org/compete/coldir.asp

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He conquers who endures.

—Persius

Appendix I A Brief History of Collegiate Shooting in the United States

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ince the nineteenth century, cadets in various military schools have been involved in marksmanship. At the brink of World War I, many of these marksmanship programs evolved through the ROTC programs. During the1920s, collegiate shooting became well-regulated and established. In 1923, cadets from the Virginia Military Institute were sent to compete at the NRA National Matches in Camp Perry, Ohio, and all returned with prizes. In 1924, the first shoulder-to-shoulder intercollegiate smallbore competition took place with a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as the winner. Even when schools could not compete shoulder-to-shoulder, many teams would fire on their home range and mail their scores to another team for comparison. Thereafter, many developments would be made in the collegiate program of the NRA. The NRA established the Collegiate All-American program in 1936 to honor top collegiate rifle shooters. Since then, all types of shooting disciplines have been added to the NRA All-American program. NRA AllAmericans have gone on to lead very successful careers. Robert Sandager, a 1936 NRA All-American from the University of Minnesota, went on to be named to the U.S. Shooting Team for the 36th World Championships.

NRA All-Americans have also won medals for the United States in Olympic competition. In 2000, University of Kentucky graduate and three-time NRA All-American Nancy Johnson won the first gold medal for the Olympics in Sydney, Australia, and for the new millennium by shooting air rifle.

In 1939, the College Sectional was created. Sectional tournaments are NRAregistered indoor matches conducted at numerous locations throughout the country. After firing, scores are sent to NRA where they are nationally ranked and any national records are recorded.

In 1942, World War II’s impact on the nation stopped the annual sectional tournaments. The sectionals resumed in 1946 with approximately 100 college rifle and pistol clubs participating. For years, the college season was highlighted by the NRA National Intercollegiate Rifle and Pistol Championships fired on a shoulder-to-shoulder Sectional Tournament basis each spring.

The Collegiate Shooting Program introduced the International style of shooting in 1964 in order to give promising collegians a chance to make international teams. The collegiate shooting program adopted the air rifle course of fire in 1977 to keep pace with international shooting events. During the 1970s, the United States Air Force deeded Ent Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, Colorado, to the United States Olympic Committee to be used as a Training Center for Olympic sports. Subsequently, the NRA established a shooting program for the United States Shooting Team at this center.

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The 1980s brought about a major advancement in recognizing shooting when the NCAA adopted Collegiate Rifle Shooting as a sport. In 1984, sophomore Pat Spurgin of Murray State University went to the Olympics in Los Angeles and brought fame to herself by winning the gold medal in Women’s Air Rifle. Today, the rifle range at Murray State University is named in her honor. Just after the 1984 Olympics, a new system was established to select our best shooters to represent the United States. The system was the U.S. Development Team and the National Team. The NRA helped to build the Shooting Sports Complex at the Olympic Training Center and dedicated it in 1985.

The NRA ceased to be the National Governing Body (NGB) for U.S. Olympic Sports in 1994. USA Shooting, the new organization, is now the NGB and conducts events on behalf of the U.S. Shooting Team. The sport has continued to thrive as more schools realize the potential of hosting a shooting program.

Collegiate shooters continue to excel as they represent the United States in Olympic competition. Triumphs will continue to appear as collegians break records and extend the history of collegiate shooting.

THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION

Affiliating with the National Rifle Association brings a wealth of benefits to a college shooting sports program. The various divisions with the NRA assist in areas such as instructor and coach training, course development, establishment of league and tournament competition, and range evaluation/development.

The NRA also locates various resources such as ranges, gun clubs, state associations, and training support in surrounding communities. NRA affiliation makes participants eligible for NRA qualifications and classification status and provides access to the world of shooting beyond the campus.

The National Rifle Association is first and foremost an organization designed to provide valuable services to its members, to affiliated organizations like collegiate shooting clubs, and to any person or group interested in the promotion of the safe and responsible use of firearms.

The National Rifle Association, incorporated in 1871, is an educational, recreational, and public service organization that is dedicated to the right of the individual citizen to own and use firearms for recreation and defense. A nonprofit service organization supported by its membership and affiliated clubs and associations, the NRA is not affiliated with any arms or ammunition manufacturers. It receives no appropriations from Congress.

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The National Rifle Association: • Fosters and promotes the shooting sports on all levels.

• Promotes hunter safety, hunting, and proper wildlife management.

• Trains citizens in marksmanship and firearm handling.

• Provides training for law enforcement agencies in marksmanship and firearm handling.

• Promotes public safety, law and order, and a collective interest in national defense.

• Protects and defends the Constitution of the United States, especially the right of the individual to keep and bear arms.

Appendix II NRA Activities NRA DIVISIONS & PROGRAMS

The NRA employs a full-time staff of approximately 450 employees at its Fairfax, Virginia, headquarters and in field offices throughout the country. Many NRA divisions have programs and services designed for all shooting sports.

Competitive Shooting Division

NRA’s Competitive Shooting Division offers a wide range of activities in all types of shooting, for everyone from the novice to the world-class competitor. The NRA sanctions over 10,000 shooting tournaments and sponsors over 50 national championships each year. Many of the programs that the Competitive Shooting Division annually coordinates include various NRA Sanctioned Tournaments, NRA State/Regional/Sectional Championships, NRA National Championships, The National Rifle and Pistol Championships, NRA Silhouette National Championships, NRA Metric Championships, NRA Muzzleloading and Black Powder Target Rifle Championships, NRA National Action Pistol Championships (Bianchi Cup), NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships, and the NRA National Junior 3-Position Air Rifle Team Championships. For more information, call (877) 672-6282 or visit the NRA Competitive Shooting Division at its web site at: www.nrahq.org/compete Examples of some of the activities incorporated into the Competitive Shooting Division’s programs are: Disabled Shooting Program: To help the physically-disabled portion of our population become aware of the opportunities awaiting them in the shooting sports, and to assist them in participating in these activities, the NRA formed the Disabled Shooting Services Department. The programs offered by this department have enabled thousands of Americans with physical disabilities to enjoy a variety of shooting activities, including competitive events and hunting. This department has also worked to ensure that many shooting facilities are wheelchairaccessible. In addition, the department provides advice and guidance to groups and organizations that want to improve their facilities for disabled shooters or that need information on how to conduct shooting sports programs for disabled persons. Such groups include gun clubs, state departments of natural resources, outfitters associations, rehabilitation hospitals, and veterans groups. For more information, visit the NRA Disabled Shooting Program on its web site at: www.nrahq.org/compete/disabled.asp Postal Matches: A Postal Match is a match in which competitors fire on their home ranges using targets which have been marked for identification. The fired targets are then sent to NRA for scoring and ranking for awards. The NRA conducts various postal matches, many of which are in cooperation with national and fraternal organizations. Other postal matches fill the need for specialized matches among groups that are unable to support their own separate competi-

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tion.For more information, visit the NRA Postal Match Program on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/compete/dept-postal.asp NRA Sanctioned Leagues: League tournaments comprise a series of matches (team, individual, or both) within a club or among clubs. Leagues may be either shoulder-to-shoulder or postal. Leagues are usually approved and do not require NRA membership for entry. Individual league scores may be used for determining NRA classification levels. For more information, visit the NRA Competitive Shooting Division on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/compete/index.asp NRA National Matches: Founded in 1903 by the United States Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt, the NRA National Matches maintain the competitive heritage of NRA’s Competitive Shooting Division. Today’s NRA National Matches began as the result of pioneering efforts from the NRA’s founders, going all the way back to the first NRA Annual Match held at Creedmoor, New York, in 1873. Participation in NRA’s National Matches continues to grow as shooters look to test their abilities against America’s best rifle and pistol shooters.

Learn more at: www.nmentry.com Volunteers: The success of the National Matches at Camp Perry is just one example of how volunteers really do make a difference. Our volunteers give their time and energy to assist competitive shooters, provide coverage for safety, and cheerfully complete large assignments and small tasks. Our volunteers meet unusual challenges, but have the ability to reverse difficult situations and guarantee professional results. The NRA appreciates the loyalty, dedication, hard work, and flexibility of our volunteer staff who pull together to get the job done. Volunteers benefit too -- they get first-rate competitive experience without the anxiety of actually competing. Volunteer opportunities include Range, Scoring, and Bulletin Board. To learn more about volunteering at the NRA National Matches or to obtain a volunteer availability form, call the NRA Competitive Shooting Volunteers Department at (703) 267-1485, or e-mail: volunteer@nrahq.org.

For more volunteer information, visit the NRA Competitive Shooting Division on the web at: www.nrahq.org/compete/index.asp NRA Classification: Competitors in NRA Sanctioned Tournaments may now check their current classification on the Internet at: www.nrahq.org/compete/classification.asp Enter your NRA ID number where indicated, click the “GO” button, and a list of the shooting programs in which you are currently active will be shown with your current classification and effective date. NOTE: Rule 19.9 states that all classifications, except Master, shall become obsolete if the competitor does not fire in NRA sanctioned competition at least once during 3 successive calendar years (5 years for Masters). Files are purged annually. Check your classification status by visiting the NRA Shooter Classification Lookup on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/compete/classification.asp

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Competitor Information: You may check the Competitive Shooting Championship and Tournament Calendar online at www.nrahq.org/compete/calendar.asp for listings of state championships, NRA Sectionals, NRA Regionals, and other NRA-sanctioned tournaments. You may also read the latest Competitor’s Corner Newsletter online at www.nrahq.org/compete/compnewsletter.asp for important information from the Director of the NRA Competitive Shooting Division.

Education and Training Division

Training Department: From beginner to developing competitor, the Training Department develops safe, ethical, responsible shooters through a network of almost 47,000 instructors, 1,170 coaches, and 1,150 training counselors. NRA Training Counselors recruit and train instructors to teach NRA’s basic firearm courses. NRA Coaches develop competitors at the club, high school, collegiate, and national levels. For more information, visit the Training Department on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/education/index.asp Hunter Services Department: With over 2.3 million members who hunt, the NRA offers hunters a wide range of programs addressing all aspects of hunting, including youth hunter skills, advanced skills training, and the conservation of our natural and wildlife resources. All Hunter Services Department programs work toward the common goal of instilling and promoting the skills and ethics that will ensure the continuance of America’s proud hunting heritage. For more information, visit the NRA’s Hunter Services on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/hunting/index.asp and www.nrahuntersrights.org Marksmanship Qualification Program: The NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program is a skill development program. Qualification shooting is an informal, year-round activity that provides incentive awards for developing and improving marksmanship skills. Progression is self-paced, and scores are challenging but attainable. Shooters acquire a large discipline patch at the onset of the program, and as each rating is earned, they are entitled to all of the corresponding awards for that rating. Each rating has a skill rocker, medal, pin, and certificate award that recognizes and highlights the achievement. Qualification shooting can be conducted anywhere. Instructors and coaches can also use the qualification program as a guideline to train new shooters (both juniors and adults) in their clubs.

For information on how the Marksmanship Qualification Program can work for individuals or for your team, call (703) 267-1505. For more information, visit the NRA’s Marksmanship Qualification Program on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/education/training/marksmanship/index.asp

Field Operations Division

The Field Operations Division is responsible for delivery of NRA programs and services to the NRA membership throughout the nation. A staff of 47 Field Representatives is located across the country, linking NRA Headquarters with the membership. For more information, visit the NRA Field Operations on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/fieldreps/index.asp Clubs and Associations Department: The Clubs and Associations Department handles the specific needs of clubs and state associations. More than 11,000 affiliated clubs across the country offer shooting opportunities to everyone. For more information, visit the NRA Clubs and Associations Division on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/clubs/index.asp Range Development: The Range Development Department assists groups in developing and maintaining places to shoot. The NRA staff can suggest how to plan or renovate almost any kind of shooting facility. The Range Development Department also offers a six-day program on the development, construction, design, and operation of shooting facilities. Range Development Conferences are

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presented by volunteers with strong academic and professional credentials who wish to share their knowledge in order to ensure that the public has safe and convenient places to shoot and exercise their firearm rights. For more information, visit NRA Shooting Range Services on the Web at: www.nrahq.org/shootingrange/index.asp

Membership Division

The Membership Division maintains membership records on all NRA members to assure that magazines and other services are received. The staff provides information on the types of individual memberships available and the various benefits which members receive, including the following: • An official NRA Membership ID card showing your membership ID number and member status. You should carry this card with you at all times.

• A choice of subscription to American Rifleman, American Hunter, America’s 1st Freedom, or Woman’s Outlook. (Junior members receive a subscription to InSights.)

• $10,000 of Accidental Death and Dismemberment insurance coverage at NO COST to you. The plan covers accidents at, or to and from, an NRA event; and accidents that occur during the use of firearms or hunting equipment while hunting. Coverage increases to $25,000 for law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty.

• $1000 of ArmsCare coverage with your NRA membership. This plan covers insured firearms, air guns, and bows and arrows against theft, accidental loss, and damage.

• New and enhanced insurance coverages through NRA Endorsed Insurance Programs, including life, health, accident, individual property and liability (call [877] NRA-3006), plus commercial property and liability for clubs and Business Alliance members (call [877] 487-5407).

The most important benefit of NRA membership, however, is the defense of your Constitutional right to keep and bear arms. NRA’s Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) tracks the issues and alerts members about legislation involving firearms and hunting at the federal, state and local levels of government. Successful legislative action begins with you -- the individual member. For information regarding legislative action or to become an ILA grassroots volunteer, call (800) 392-8683.

If you have questions about your NRA membership or benefits, you may call NRA Member Services at (800) NRA-3888, or send e-mail to membership@ nrahq.org. For more information, you may also visit NRA Member Online Services on the Web at https://www.nramemberservices.org/default.asp

Publications Division

The Publications Division is responsible for publishing seven monthly magazines:

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American Rifleman— NRA’s flagship magazine and the premier title for shooting and firearm enthusiasts. An NRA Official Journal and a benefit of membership.

American Hunter— the world’s largest circulation hunting magazine. An NRA Official Journal and a benefit of membership.

America’s 1st Freedom— a news magazine concentrating on Second Amendment issues. An NRA Official Journal and a benefit of membership.

InSights— a magazine designed to excite and motivate junior members. A benefit of NRA junior membership.

Shooting Illustrated— a comprehensive firearm magazine, available on newsstands and by subscription.

Shooting Sports USA— a competitive shooting news magazine which also contains lists of upcoming matches.

The NRA Publications Division also produces The American Rifleman Television Show and The American Hunter Television Show, both of which air weekly on The Outdoor Channel. For more information, visit NRA Publications on the Web at: www.nrapublications.org.

NRA Resources

Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) NRA-ILA answers questions about current or pending legislation that might affect the activities of gun owners or sporting interests.

The Institute works to preserve and defend the individual citizen’s freedom to possess and use firearms for all legitimate purposes.

Established in 1975, ILA is the lobbying arm of the NRA, and is committed to preserving the right of all law-abiding individuals to purchase, possess, and use firearms for legitimate purposes as guaranteed by the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

ILA’s ability to fight successfully for the rights of America’s law-abiding gun owners directly reflects the support of NRA’s more than 4 million members — a number that has more than tripled since 1978. When restrictive gun control legislation is proposed at the local, state, or federal level, ILA alerts NRA members and supporters so that they may respond with individual letters, faxes, e-mails, and telephone calls to their elected representatives to make their views known.

In 1986, the NRA and millions of gun owners nationwide applauded as President Ronald Reagan signed the Firearms Owners’ Protection Act into law. ILA worked for more than a decade to secure passage of that historic legislation to reform the Gun Control Act of 1968.

Combined with the strong grassroots efforts of NRA members and NRA-affiliated state associations and local gun clubs, the Institute has worked vigorously to pass pro-gun reform legislation at the state level. These efforts include: enacting

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laws that recognize the right of honest citizens to carry firearms for self-protection; preemption bills to prevent attacks on gun owner rights by local anti-gun politicians; and fighting for legislation to prevent the bankrupting of America’s firearm industry through reckless lawsuits.

The Institute is also involved in educating the public about the facts concerning the many facets of firearm ownership in America. Through the distribution of millions of printed fact sheets, brochures, and articles each year and the daily posting of information and the latest news on its Internet site at www.nraila.org, ILA provides facts about responsible firearm ownership, the Second Amendment and numerous other topics.

At NRA Headquarters in Fairfax, VA, and in offices in Washington, D.C., and Sacramento, CA, ILA employs a staff of more than 80 persons, with a team of full-time lobbyists defending Second Amendment issues on Capitol Hill, in state legislatures, and in local government bodies. ILA is involved in any issue that directly or indirectly affects firearm ownership and use. These issues involve such topics as hunting and access to hunting lands, trapping, wilderness and wildlife conservation, civilian marksmanship training, ranges for public use, law enforcement issues, product liability, crime victim rights, and criminal justice reform.

For more information, visit the NRA’s Institute for Legislative Action on the web at: www.nraila.org.

The National Firearms Museum: Like no other institution, the National Firearms Museum proudly illustrates America’s priceless heritage of firearms, freedom, and the American experience.

Throughout its many galleries are the actual artifacts that were with the Pilgrims as they left the ship Mayflower, marched with the American militiamen at Lexington and Concord, camped near Gettysburg with Robert E. Lee, helped a young Annie Oakley put food on her family’s table, or stood on the winner’s platform at the Olympic games. The tapestry of America has been woven by people, places, and things, and in the National Firearms Museum the threads of the past bear familiar names such as Colt, Winchester, Smith & Wesson, Springfield, Marlin, Remington, Savage, and Ruger.

The National Firearms Museum is open to the public from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. every day except major holidays. Admission is free and children are welcome.

Visit the museum in the NRA Headquarters building at 11250 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia 22030. For more information, call the museum at (703) 2671600 or visit the museum on the web at http://nramuseum.com NRANews: Introduced at the 133rd NRA Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, this exciting news outlet is a free-speech roundtable of political conversation with NRA leaders, newsmakers, authors, lawmakers, journalists, and other guests, as well as live, late-breaking news about your Second Amendment rights and other freedoms. It airs every weekday.

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NRANews presents Second Amendment updates and related stories. In addition, you may see a list of upcoming shows and voice your opinions. For more information, visit NRANews.com on the web at http://nranews.com/.

NRA Gunsmithing Schools: The NRA is currently affiliated with four colleges that offer short-term gunsmithing and law enforcement armorer courses. Courses are typically offered during the spring and summer months, and range from several days to two weeks in length. Men and women (ages 18 and over) may choose from a varied curriculum of very basic to advanced courses. The charges vary according to the course being offered. Please note that these are not degree programs and you will not receive college credits for these courses. However, you will receive a certificate indicating that you have completed the class. Many of the schools offer on-campus housing and meals at reasonable prices, or will provide you with information on local housing. Learn more at: www.nragunsmithing.com

Competitive Shooting Materials, Programs, and Books All NRA Competitive Shooting publications are viewable at: www.issuu.com/compshoot.

Information on year-round competitive shooting programs for rifle, pistol, and shotgun is available. The Competitive Shooting Division also provides brochures on international shooting, silhouette competition, rifle and pistol shooting, air gun competition, tips on organizing a rifle or pistol team, and many other topics.

Purchase NRA Competitive Shooting items at the NRA Program materials web site at: www.materials.nrahq.org View NRA Rule Books online at: www.nrahq.org/compete/nra-rule-books.asp

NRA Media Relations

NRAblog is your connection to the programs of the NRA. It is a project of the NRA’s Media Relations Division.

We gladly accept content from NRA members. Send your photos and stories to GOblog@NRAhq.org, along with your contact information. We reserve the right to edit submissions for style and length.

Please note the Media Relations Division cannot respond to questions regarding membership or legislative affairs. Membership can be reached at membership@ nrahq.org and the Institute for Legislative Affairs at ILA-Contact@nrahq.org.

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Appendix III Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship

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n April 1988, at the Annual Meetings of the National Rifle Association, the NRA Board of Directors established the Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship Fund in honor of this remarkable woman––a distinguished law enforcement officer, an NRA board member, and a great American who served continuously and unselfishly in the highest traditions of our great nation.

Eligibility

You are eligible to apply and be considered for an award from the Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship Fund if you are currently an adult member or junior member of the NRA and the son or daughter of a person in one of the following categories: • A current full-time commissioned peace officer who is also a member of the NRA. Such NRA memberships must remain current in order to receive or continue to receive a Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship.

• A deceased full-time commissioned peace officer who lost his or her life in the performance of assigned peace officer duties, and who was a member of the NRA at the time of death.

• A retired full-time commissioned peace officer who is also a member of the NRA. Such NRA memberships must remain current in order to receive or continue to receive a Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship.

• A full-time commissioned peace officer, disabled as a result of a line-of-duty incident, who is also a current member of the NRA. Such NRA memberships must remain current in order to receive or continue to receive a Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship.

Proof of eligibility will be required in the form of a letter from the employing law enforcement agency of the currently serving, deceased, retired, or medicallyretired peace officer, verifying his or her peace officer status. This letter must accompany the application for scholarship. The parent’s membership in the National Rifle Association may be shown by placing the parent’s NRA membership number on the application form.

All decisions of the committee regarding eligibility for the Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship are final. A specific number of scholarship awards will be granted to eligible students who have a satisfactory academic record, including college students in undergraduate or graduate studies.

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All inquiries regarding this program should be directed to the National Rifle Association, Secretary, Jeanne E. Bray Memorial Scholarship Committee, 11250 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030. For more information call (703) 2671131 or e-mail jebrayscholarship@nrahq.org.

Appendix IV NRA Collegiate Recognition QUALIFICATION AWARDS

The NRA offers students opportunities for recognition in a number of ways.

The NRA Qualification Awards Program measures an individual’s progress in developing marksmanship skills on a personal basis. The programs are offered for smallbore rifle, air rifle, smallbore pistol, air pistol, and American skeet and trap. Each qualification level requires progressively more difficult standards of achievement to qualify. Awards range from Pro-Marksman to Distinguished Expert. Awards include certificates, rockers, medals, and pins, and a discipline patch is available for each shooting discipline.

CLASSIFICATION CARDS

NRA’s Classification System ranks competitive shooters in categories of Marksman, Sharpshooter, Expert, and Master and High Master (except air gun and smallbore. This classification of shooters is different than the qualification program. Each level recognizes the skill of the competitor in sanctioned NRA tournaments and insures that he or she vies with shooters of similar skills. As performance increases, the shooter progresses to the next highest competitor class.

Email competitions@nrahq.org for more information on the NRA classification system.

NRA ALL-AMERICAN PROGRAM

To be named an All-American is the pinnacle of athletic achievement in collegiate sports. Consistent exemplary performance is the hallmark, and perhaps the most evident characteristic, of this honor. However, these highlymotivated and dedicated men and women also embody intangible attributes such as integrity, respect, and responsibility, thereby distinguishing themselves on another level. Whether NRA All-Americans continue their outstanding marksman careers or decide to pursue other fields (such as medicine, architecture, education, law, the military, or even space exploration), they will accomplish notable successes in their careers.

The All-American award, originally created by the NRA in 1936 to honor top collegiate rifle shooters, has become an attainable, although elusive and challenging, goal for all three disciplines of collegiate shooting sports.

The experiences and knowledge gained in pursuing and achieving this prestigious honor remain with each NRA All-American throughout his or her shooting and professional careers. When the NRA All-American Program marked its 60th year during the 125th anniversary of the National Rifle Association in 1996, it signified a joint milestone rich in history. Moreover, it bolstered the resolution that these exceptional men and women continue to be recognized for their commitment and contributions as leaders in the shooting sports community and beyond.

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The selection criteria for All-American status had evolved from performance in specific matches and personal knowledge of the shooter to more objective guidelines, including: full-season, minimum number of shots fired, number of matches fired, specific matches required, high and low scores, pattern of scores over the season, grade point average, and recommendations from coaches and other school officials.

The All-American selection committee is chosen from the NRA Collegiate and School Programs Committee, one of 36 policy-making committees of the NRA. Members of the selection committee are well-known in the competitive shooting community, and some of the members are former All-Americans, coaches of All-Americans, or both.

From the first year of the NRA’s college honors program, All-Americans have contributed significantly to international shooting. For example, Robert Sandager, a 1936 NRA All-American from the University of Minnesota, went on to be named to the U.S. Shooting Team for the 36th World Championships.

To be an NRA All-American is to always accept the challenge of performing at optimal levels while demonstrating exceptional leadership and character – a life-altering experience to say the least. And NRA All-Americans embody this achievement completely.

COACH RECOGNITION

In addition to the recognition awards for the personal and competitive achievement of student shooters, the NRA also honors outstanding collegiate coaches through its Coaches Recognition Awards Program. E-mail collegiate@nrahq.org for more information.

Two types of awards are given annually: NRA Collegiate Coach of the Year -- based on achievement and success during the academic year, coaching experience, and other similar criteria outlined on the nomination form.

Outstanding Contribution to Collegiate Shooting Sports -- based on work done toward growth and development of collegiate shooting sports programs, whether for a physical education class, recreational club, or varsity shooting team.

NATIONAL COLLEGIATE CHAMPIONSHIPS NCAA Rifle Championships:

The National Collegiate Rifle Championships are hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) each year. Competitors must be from NCAAaffiliated schools where smallbore and/or air rifle are recognized as varsity sports.

NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Championships:

The NRA sponsors the Intercollegiate Pistol Championships. Invitations to individuals and teams are based on scores fired in the NRA Intercollegiate Pistol Sectionals. Events include free pistol, standard pistol, air pistol, and women’s air pistol, women’s sport pistol, and ROTC standard pistol teams only.

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NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships:

The purpose of this championship is to determine the National Collegiate Rifle Club Individual and Team Champions, and ROTC Individual and Team Champions.

The championship will feature Smallbore Rifle and Air Rifle competitions, Training Summits for all participants and coaches, and an opportunity for coaches and shooters to meet others in the sport they may not usually see during the regular season.

To be eligible for participation in the NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Club Championships a shooter must be a regularly enrolled undergraduate student who complies with the eligibility rules of his/her institution. Qualifying teams and individuals will be selected based on scores fired in the current years’ NRA Intercollegiate Rifle Sectionals. See the NRA International Rifle Rule 2.8.

The top thirty ranking individuals in each gun and the top ten ranking team in each gun will be invited. Only one team per institution per event may qualify to compete.

Association of College Unions International (ACUI) Shotgun Championships:

The Intercollegiate Clay Target Championships are under the auspices of the Association of College Unions International (ACUI). The international trap and skeet events and American trap and skeet events are sponsored by the National Rifle Association, the Amateur Trapshooting Association (ATA), the Trapshooting Hall of Fame, Olin/Winchester, the National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF), the National Sporting Clays Association (NSCA), USA Shooting, and the National Skeet Shooting Association.

OTHER SOURCES

The U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit (USAMU) at Fort Benning, Georgia, provides a number of handbooks on the shooting disciplines. For more information, visit: www.usamu.com.

The primary aim of the Civilian Marksmanship Program at Port Clinton, Ohio, is to provide safe marksmanship training for juniors (age 10 to 20). The Office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship (ODCM) deals with individual civilian shooters and clubs, enrolls clubs, receives reports and monitors civilian marksmanship activities, plans for and issues shooting awards, maintains liaison with various military support agencies and the NRA, and maintains match records, individual marksmanship qualification records, and Excellence-in-Competition records. Additional information on any programs may be obtained by visiting: www.odcmp.com.

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Appendix V NRA Club Affiliation

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RA affiliation links a collegiate shooting sports program with a network of more than 11,000 local clubs and associations, and entitles each affiliate to the benefits offered by the NRA. Competitive events throughout the area, state, region, and nation are open to NRA-affiliated members. Assistance from the NRA staff is only a letter or telephone call away, and numerous training and educational materials are available. NRA-affiliated clubs may participate in the liability insurance program at an affordable price.

NRA affiliation does not mean that the NRA controls the affairs of the campus organization. Each affiliate governs itself and conducts its own activities. NRA is available for assistance, advice, and materials.

Affiliation does not impose NRA control over the internal affairs of an organization nor does it require the organization to accept specific responsibility for the conduct of NRA programs or activities in any particular area. While there are some basic requirements for affiliation (and affiliation renewal) which must be met, we emphasize that NRA respects the right of each affiliated organization to govern itself and conduct its own programs and activities.

Affiliated clubs receive a year’s subscription to one of the following magazines: American Rifleman, American Hunter, America’s 1st Freedom, Shooting Sports USA, InSights, or Women’s Outlook. (Information on various NRA-sanctioned competitions is available in Shooting Sports USA.) For more information call (800) NRA-CLUB or e-mail clubs@nrahq.org.

NRA COMPREHENSIVE CLUB LIABILITY INSURANCE PLANS

The NRA Liability Insurance Plans offer protection of up to $1,000,000 against lawsuits for property damage or bodily injury claims occurring as the result of club-sponsored activities of NRA-affiliated clubs.

To be eligible to apply for this valuable coverage, 50 percent of the club members must be individual members of the National Rifle Association.

For complete details, contact Lockton Risk Services at (877) 487-5407.

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Appendix VI NRA Gun Safety Rules When Handling A Gun: • ALWAYS keep the gun pointed in a safe direction.

• ALWAYS keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.

• ALWAYS keep the gun unloaded until ready to use.

When Using and Storing A Gun:

• Be sure the gun is safe to operate.

• Know how to use the gun safely.

• Use only the correct ammunition for your gun.

• Know your target and what is beyond.

• Wear eye and ear protection as appropriate.

• Never use alcohol or drugs before or while shooting.

• Store guns so they are not accessible to unauthorized persons.

• Be aware that certain types of guns and many shooting activities require additional safety precautions.

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