Concrete 389

Do you trust Truss? UEA mood reflects national opinion

Jamie Bryson & Libby Hargreaves News Editor & Editor-in-Chief

It’s been over 12 years since the UK last had a non-Conservative lead government. Whilst the ruling party’s logo may have remained the same, the country has had no fewer than four Prime Ministers in six years.

With tensions over Brexit and, latterly, questions over the moral intentions of national governance laying bare deep in-party splits, where do the public now stand on the credibility of the oldest parliamentary party in Western democracy?

We compared the UEA mood with the national opinion, and found a key alignment; a lack of government support.

Amidst a fortnight of political upheaval and economic chaos, YouGov and The Times carried out their latest national voting intention poll at the end of September.

The results will make for stark reading for Conservative members that hoped the election of Liz Truss as leader would mark a “positive fresh start”. Just 21% of the 1700 UK citizens surveyed said they would vote for a Conservative candidate in a general election. The figure compares to a record 53% in April 2020 and 39% this time last year.

Conversely, The Labour Party’s approval ratings stand at 54%- the highest vote share ever recorded by YouGov and the party’s highest-ever figure in any published poll since the late 1990s. Elsewhere, the Liberal Democrats stand at 7% and the Greens at 6% in the longestablished national poll.

Reflecting on the Conservative’s substantial drop in support, YouGov Associate Director Patrick English points to three stand-out factors among the results. Firstly, “the proportion of 2019 Conservative voters who now say they will vote Labour has risen to a sizeable 17%” and “Only 37% of those who backed the Conservatives in the previous election currently intend to stick with the party”.

English summarised these findings by highlighting how “The current situation is more comparable to the around 16% of 1992 Conservative voters who switched to Labour in 1997 under Tony Blair”.

Such a signal will undoubtedly come as hopeful news to many in Labour with the party making a concerted effort to revert towards the centre-ground of British politics, akin to Blair, since 2019.

Keen to gauge a sense of where our local community stands in comparison, Concrete surveyed 104 UEA students at random, asking three simple questions.

Firstly, “ if a snap general election was called tomorrow, which party would you be most likely to vote for?” Only 4% said they would vote for the current governing party (The Conservatives). 75% said they would vote for the Labour Party, 13% for The Green Party of England and Wales, 4% for the Liberal Democrats, and the remaining 4% listed ‘Other’.

Considering the vast number of changes in political leadership many of our student population have seen in their lifetime, we also asked, “Who do you view as the stronger political leader?”. Just 2% identified Liz Truss (Conservative) as the stronger contender, while 62% favoured Keir Starmer (Labour).

A further 35% said neither leader was strong, and the remaining 2% said they weren't sure. And lastly, in light of the recent economic turbulence throughout the UK economy, Concrete asked, “Do you trust the current Conservative government with your finances?”; just 1% (1 person) answered ‘Yes’, 92% told us ‘No’ and the remaining 7% said they were ‘Not sure’.

Our poll also allowed participants to comment directly on the current state of UK politics. Alex Gosling - a secondyear BA Philosophy and Politics student - comments, “Keir Starmer has only been strengthened by the situation the Tories have created. The only reason Labour has surged in the polls is because of the failures of their opponents - not their own strengths. I doubt Starmer could hold his party together for long if he got into government”.

In contrast, second-year BA History student Issie Mash added, “We need a smart leader with bold ideas, the determination to increase welfare funding, transform Britain into a sustainable nation, reverse the socioeconomic damage caused by the

The next general election may not be due for another two years.

Still, it is clear that a seismic shift in general political thinking has been detected across the country in recent weeks and months - a shift that few predicted after the last landslide victory for the Conservatives under Boris Johnson just under three years.ago.

Tories over the last 12 years, and provide hope for long term change - I believe Keir Starmer can do this”.

As Britain inches into what many commentators are already branding a “winter of discontent”, more public and private sector strikes are due, fuel and food bills continue to rise, and most wages continue to fall (in real terms). Many will look to the government more than ever for financial assistance and stable answers.

Photo:Unsplash

Photo:Concrete

Photo: Concrete

Overcoming...

Libby Hargreaves Editor-in-Chief

The seasons have changed, and with the turning leaves come new challenges to overcome.

Not only will UEA's newest students be feeling this wave of change, but returning students too. I have faced my own set of challenges over the past few weeks; from hospital trips and a life-changing diagnosis, to personal turmoil and tough modules.

It can be difficult to navigate how we get through times like these, everything feels new and yet you're still the same you. As opposed to forcing ourselves to grow, here

we have to allow our own feelings and mistakes. This ensures we face challenges head on, working directly through our issues as opposed to taking shortcuts or ignoring them altogether.

This is not to say it's an easy road, in fact it is long and difficultbut I have found channelling my frustration into a creative passion can ease the struggle. You'll find plenty of examples of this, and perhaps some inspiration, in Venue this issue.

In Concrete, you'll find lots of new names as we've welcomed a host of talented writers to the team.

The media collective office space

Let's talk!

Matthew Stothard Deputy Editor

I think we’re going to talk about the power of conversation this time. After all, these editorials are basically me having a chat with you!

It was great to see so many of you at the Big Meet a few weeks ago! I loved everyone’s enthusiasm and was so impressed with our editors who made some very entertaining speeches!

They were certainly more entertaining than me begging people to become Online Editors this time last year! It was also lovely to just have some chats (particularly about history which I will always be

very happy to do) and meet new people in the SU Bar afterwards!

I’m perhaps well placed to talk about talk since I’m currently taking a module on gossip. It’s an interesting experience really digging into the role that idle chatter plays in everyone’s lives, whether that be in a medieval village or keeping us sane in the media office!

What quickly becomes clear in both instances is it’s this gossip, this conversation, that binds people together. Maybe this issue of Concrete could fuel some of those conversations on campus in the next few weeks!

I can certainly attest to conversation

has been thriving this issue, with a renewed energy as Livewire trained their budding radio presenters and Concrete held their second lay-up week of the academic year. Our editors have once again done us proud with their dedication and passion, and we've had many a laugh.

The philosophy of overcoming is presented every day in the office, from overcoming technological challenges to learning from last issue's missteps.

There is always time to start something new, and Concrete is no exception. The end of fresher's week is not the end of fun.

Pumpkin spice and seminars

Badriya Abdullah Deputy Editor

October brings a lot of things. Pumpkin spiced lattes, an unfortunate spattering of colds and a new issue of Concrete!

After the whirlwind of our first in-print issue, I thought I had enough time to relax and recoup myself, and all of a sudden another issue is greeting us again. I’m not fully settled into a new routine yet, and I’m sure that you have a similar feeling. The excitement of welcome week is winding down, but lectures, seminars and assignments are sweeping you off your feet. It’s a strange feeling, and it can throw you off, but soon all of these new experiences will become routine. Give yourself time.

I find that what can help is having things that ground you. There will be a favourite TV programme (mine is Bake Off), a favourite drink (hot chocolate) or even revisiting an old book to give you a bit of comfort. Don’t forget about the people that surround you, and the world you can make for yourself here at UEA. One of the articles I’ve written in this issue centres around the activities taking place this semester. There’s an array of things one can do when things seem overwhelming.

In this issue, I had the honour of interviewing Michael Gyapong, the treasurer of Norfolk’s Black History Month Committee. Having been in Norwich for a while now, I was interested to see what was being done outside of UEA to celebrate Black History Month. There’s an array of activities happening around Norwich and Norfolk, which I thought was important to highlight. In our interview we cover the importance of equality for all. I hope that all of you who read it take the chance to see how Norwich and Norfolk celebrate Black History Month outside of our UEA walls.

With that, pull up a chair, get something warm to drink, and enjoy.

The University of East Anglia’s Official Student Newspaper since 1992

Tuesday 11th October 2022 Issue 389 Union House University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ 01603 593466

www.concrete-online.co.uk

Editor-in-Chief Libby Hargreaves concrete.editor@uea.ac.uk

Deputy Editors Badriya Abdullah & Matthew Stothard

News Jamie Bryson Home of the Wonderful Ronaldo Martins Senior Writer: Alexandra Ashby Global Leo Henry Features Sienna Norris Comment Eve Attwood Science George Barsted

Travel & Lifestyle Finlay Porter Sport Dan Laughlan Senior Writer: Drew Murphy Breaking News Jamie Bryson Leo Henry

Online Editors Kanon Higashi Concrete Photographer Prakrita Rahman

bringing you closer. My Dad comes from Lincolnshire whilst I’m from Suffolk, so I haven’t seen my grandparents on his side that frequently throughout my life, but I have spoken to Granny Pearl every Sunday on the phone for as long as I can remember.

We may have been living far apart, but I think those conversations, whether about Strictly, the library van or the fact I am definitely not going to become a teacher, bonded us closer than we would have been otherwise and made her such an important part of my life. That is the power of conversation.

I’ll speak to you next issue, bye x

Front page: Cut-outs: Unsplash (all)

Venue Team Louise Collins Lily Boag Ray Khawaja

Rosie Kyrin-White Daze Constantinides Clem Hailes Tshequa Williams Tabi Fielding Jessica Clifford Tom Porteus Millie Smith-Clare Alexandra Ashby

Rory Kettle

Editorial Enquiries, Complaints & Corrections concrete.editor@uea.ac.uk

No part of this newspaper may be reproduced by any means without the permission of the Editor-in-Chief, Libby Hargreaves. Published by the Union of UEA Students on behalf of Concrete. Concrete is a UUEAS society, but retains editorial independence as regards to any content. Opinions expressed herein are those of individual writers, not of Concrete or its editorial team.

Photo: Unsplash

UEA to offer new SME-entrepreneurial programme

Emilia Gasparro News Writer

Norwich Business School - part of UEA, - is one of a small number in the UK offering a new programme to give entrepreneurs and SME business leaders a competitive advantage. The Help to Grow Management course will be delivered online and face-toface and will contain 10 hours of 1:1 mentoring from established entrepreneurs and business experts, with the first cohort beginning in November.

Head of Norwich Business School, Professor Olga Tregaskis, is "delighted" to deliver the new programme, with the school having been awarded the Small Business Charter (an acknowledgement of the school's support for businesses in the region) earlier this year. The course will give SME business leaders access to world-leading expertise and provides them with skills to help them grow their businesses, as well as the opportunity to create professional networks to utilise in the coming years.

Programme director Dr Tiago Botlelho highlights the help the government are providing to fund the programme making the

total cost just £750 per person. Dr Botlelho emphasised, "Given that thethe course has 90pc of its cost covered by the government, this is the perfect tool for them to understand the risks associated with growth and the best ways to hedge the risks in very stormy waters – so they can take the best decisions possible." Designed to aid entrepreneurs through taking the next step in their growth journey, the programme will be open to senior leaders in UK-based SMEs that have been operating for over a year and have between 5 and 249 employees.

The course covers four main areas, Dr Botelho explained. "The first part

is understanding what a company does and its strategies for growth and innovation," he said. "Then it moves to how the company engages with customers and building a business sustainably – and lastly, how to implement this by looking at the operations and financial strategies."

Reflecting on the necessity of the new programme, the academic leaders added, "Ffor several years, we have run a master's in Enterprise and Business Creation – so we were already doing very similar things to the Help to Grow programme. We also have the Low Carbon Innovation Fund within the UEA, so we have a lot of connections within

the entrepreneurial ecosystem." Those who enrolenroll on the course will have access to mentors who are all former or current entrepreneurs, allowing for valuable insight into the challenges involved in growth from those who have had that experience.

UEA Business Society President Ines Fisher comments, "Tthis amazing opportunity and unique experience will set Norwich Business School apart from many others, and I'm proud to be part of the NBS family. The programme launch shows the school's decision to better the opportunity of entrepreneurs of future generations".

The first cohort of the Help to Grow:

Management course is due to start on November 28th, with four cohorts of 25 people expected by March 2023. An online event is being held on Wednesday, October 26th, 5:30-6:30 pm, at which Professor Olga Tregaskis and Dr Tiago Botelho will give more information about the Help to Grow: Management programme.

For additional information about the Help to Grow: Management programme and details of the event, you can email info.helptogrow@uea. ac.uk or visit www.uea.ac.uk/web/business/ grow-your-business/help-to-growmanagement

Changes to extenuating circumstances: the end of “insensitive requests”?

Libby Hargreaves Editor-in-Chief

The university has made some significant changes to the process of extenuating circumstance (EC) requests.

In March, Concrete reported “insensitive requests” within the EC process, when the university committed to “conducting a full review of both the process and evidence requirements for extenuating circumstances”, after reports of the mishandling of topics such as student bereavement.

Perhaps the most major change, for the general student population of UEA, is the increased amount of time for extended deadlines from self-certified extenuating circumstances requests (SCR). This has risen from three working days to seven calendar days- for example, where previously a deadline on Wednesday would be extended to Monday, it would now be extended to the following Wednesday. SCRs can be used for unforeseen shortterm impacts on your ability to hand-in assessments, and can be used up to twice a year, on separate occasions. These are particularly useful in the event of illness or situations that require your last-minute attention but are easily resolved; minor accidents or short-term caring responsibilities, for example.

The submission process for a SCR can be found on e:Vision.

The more detailed changes to the extenuating circumstances request system lay in other types of EC requests. These include longer-term effects on students’ studies, for example family bereavement or medical needs, and would be reviewed by the student’s School’s Extenuating Circumstances Panel (ECP). The good news is students can now “request up to 14 calendar days submitted with a self-testimony for a deadline assessment”, and this “will be approved”.

I spoke to a recent graduate who had previously faced conflict in the EC process, after their father passed away. At the time, they were asked to provide additional evidence they had “been affected” by the death, as well as the existing death certificate.

I asked how they felt about the new changes, and they explained “they have done a lot to make it look like they have made a change but the heart of what they've done remains the same."

They went on to say the evidence they ask for is "pretty harrowing" and that "you can't put an end-date on grief", therefore predicting when students would be ready to resume their studies remains difficult.

review of ...extenuating

However, SCRs are not effective for exams, practical or group work- for these assessments students must follow the EC process.

After this period, it seems requests will once again rely on official documentation.

"The way they have worded the process around illness and long-term conditions is also relatively worrying."

The university guidance for long-term "worsening" health conditions states "You will need a medical certificate or GP’s letter reporting the specific deterioration or sudden change, the time it applies to, and its impact on you. A confirmation of a long-term condition is not sufficient."

The graduate continued, "actually a lot of disabilities and chronic health conditions are relatively hard all of the time and to have to prove you've 'got worse' in order to get an extension is pretty callous, as you can't control that you're already at a disadvantage... asking for evidence of worsening conditions proves there is a fundamental misunderstanding of how disabilities and health conditions work."

It seems only time will tell how these changes tangibly impact students next assessment period, and if the university have done enough to ensure the well-being of their students.

Photo: Concrete

“Staggering jump” in nursing vacancies should be “wake up call”

Emilia Gasparro News Writer

New figures from the Nuffield Trust see record numbers of nurses leaving the NHS in a new analysis for the BBC. It shows that more than 40,000 registered nurses have left the profession in the past year. Health bosses will inevitably be concerned with no quick fix on the horizon. Dr Billy Palmer of the Nuffield Trust - a UK health research charitycommented that the “staggering jump” in vacancies should be an “urgent wake-up call”, with many sighting health concerns and worklife balance as their primary reason for leaving.

The government's target is to increase the number of NHS nurses in England by 50,000 by the end of the parliament. A spokesperson from the Department of Health and Social Care claimed in response to the report, “we are already halfway to meeting this, and a plan is being published soon to set out how recruitment will be improved over the coming years”. But with an estimated 40,000 vacancies, the Trust continues to question the legitimacy of how this is being measured. Data from the study suggests that this is not unique to England, with a similar trend seen across the whole of the UK.

Amanda Turpie from Leeds told the study she left her job as a children’s cancer nurse after 20 years due to the “ever-increasing pressures of the job”. Her work-life balance was “no longer sustainable”. She would

often have to work “beyond the end of her shift” and found it “hard to switch off after such an emotionally taxing day”. She also stressed that she wasn’t “the only one that feels this way” and that many NHS staff feel unhappy and underappreciated at work.

The current cost-of-living crisis will inevitably be a fundamental factor for many, with real-terms pay cuts of the past decade being stretched even further due to rising inflation. Miriam Deakin of NHS Providers told a recent Whitehall press conference, “Nurses can often earn more working in retail, and this could partly explain why one in ten nursing posts are currently vacant

- the hours often required and the real-terms pay cuts just don’t add up to a sustainable career package”.

A further survey by Nuffield Trust looked at the reasons why so many staff are leaving. In 2022, just 43% of leavers did so due to retirement. The remainder could mainly be accounted for by personal circumstances, too much pressure, workplace culture, and immigrant workers leaving the UK after Brexit.

The dramatic rise in vacancies continues to have a significant impact on the quality of services, with huge backlogs in treatments and aftercare. This - alongside increases in flu vulnerability due to low immunity rates from the pandemic lockdowns - will inevitably result in the public health service facing yet another harsh winter of uncertainty and extra pressures.

National charities slam government’s "unprecedented attack on nature”

Eleanor Radford News Writer

It was announced at the end of September that the 2019 ban on fracking in the UK would be lifted under the government’s new energy security plan. Fracking - the mining of gas and oil from shale rock with high-pressure hydraulics - has been a controversial practice due to its adverse effects on the local environment.

The growing global energy crisis is seen as the main reason for the overturn of the ban, but critics see it as a short-term solution. Instead, many suggest there should be work on investing in clean, renewable energy for the longer term.

The ban comes alongside the publication of a new survey by the British Geological Survey (BGS) that showed 120 tremors recorded at a fracking site in Lancashire over five years up to 2019. The survey also states that there is limited understanding of the impacts of drilling and could therefore continue.

Many national green charities, including the RSPB and the National Trust, have accused the government of “an unprecedented attack on nature and the laws that protect it”.

Similar statements have come from the CEO of the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, Racheal Rice, who states, “fracking’s wide environmental impacts and negative effect on action to counteract climate change mean it shouldn’t be revived… fracking will require large amounts of water- a resource Yorkshire cannot spare or risk

contaminating”.

There has also been backlash from several climate change activist groups, such as ‘Frack Off’, who emphasised,: “Ten million acres of the United Kingdom under licence could now see the most significant fracking assault to date”.

Some of these acres will be licensed under new ‘investment zones’, designated areas of the country that provide tax breaks and receive government support.

Fylde) argued that it should only be allowed to restart if fifty per cent of locals actively give consent to it. In the past, Menzies has stated that fracking was “a danger to the public” and that he would “continue to fight for local communities.”

However, the Scottish parliament has stated that fracking will continue to be banned in the country, and the Welsh Conservatives back the Welsh parliament’s decision to keep its ban on fracking.

UEA’s Sustainability Society President, Louisa Moor, told Concrete, “I remember thinking the concept of fracking alone was dystopian, let alone the thought of lifting all bans on them in the UK.

The new zones create a heightened risk of air and water pollution due to the use of unregulated toxic chemicals, alongside general impacts on climate change and stopping countries from reaching emission reduction targets.

The only current licensed fracking site in Norfolk is near Cromer and uses Underground Coal Gasification (UCG), an experimental technology with a history of test failures. As of 29 September, Liz Truss has stated that fracking will only resume with local consent; however, the specifics of how this will be gauged are unknown.

A suggestion made by Mark Menzies (Conservative MP for

Although fracking is seen to be cleaner and more sustainable than fossil fuels, there is a lack of understanding of how bad its environmental repercussions are. Investment zones are also a terrifying prospect, as there will be no protection for the animals of these areas and will turn important land into freefor-alls for development and destruction. As a sustainability society, we cannot mimic the thoughts of the RSPB strongly enough”.

It remains to be seen how the

overturn of the ban will play

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Photo: Pixabay

"fracking will require large amounts of water - a resource Yorkshire cannot spare or risk contaminating "

Britain's month of political chaos explained...

The Economics...

Cameron Noble News Writer

On September 23, newly appointed Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng introduced a “mini-budget” as part of the government's “growth plan” for the UK. In an aim to tackle inflation and the cost-of-living crisis, Kwarteng set out these nine key provisions;

• The basic rate of income tax is to be cut to 19% from 20% from April 2023.

The previous (income-related) National Insurance rate rise of 1.25% as of the 6th of November 2022 will also be reversed

• A new Health and Social Care levy proposed under Boris Johnson - paid via National Insurance to pay for the NHS has also been scrapped.

• Corporation tax will remain at 19%, having initially been raised to 25% from next year under Johnson - now the lowest in the globe’s top 20 economies (The G20)

Benefits could be reduced for 120,000 people in part-time

The Politics...

Jamie Bryson News Editor

work if they don’t take “more active steps” to seek to increase their earnings.

• Homeowners will now pay no stamp duty (a land purchase tax) on properties up to £250,000, and up to £450,000 for first-time buyers

• A reaffirming of the freeze on energy bills from this month, where a “typical household” will pay no more than £2500 per year.

• Increases on duties (tax) on alcohol have been cancelled.

• A plan to introduce “minimum service levels”, where public and “essential” services must provide an agreed level of normal and reliable service during strikes.

The new Chancellor - who has only been in his post for 5 weeks - also announced a cut in the top rate of income tax from 45% down to 40% for those earning over £150,000.

However, amid substantial financial and political pressure, this policy was scrapped last week.

So, what effect have these changes had on the UK economy? The government's vast

tax-cutting plans initially sparked a fall in the value of the British pound, where it touched a record low against the dollar.

for consumers. On the 28th of September 28, the Bank of England had to step in by buying £65 billion worth of government bonds - a debtbased investment in which money is loaned to a government in return for an agreed rate of interest. It did so in an attempt to calm markets, stating that if the market volatility continued, there would be a “material risk to UK financial stability”.

Further developments saw a further rise in the Bank interest rate by The Bank of England (the percentage cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving) from 1.75% to 2.25%. It will therefore be more expensive for people to take out mortgages and to rent as the knock-on effect of the rise inevitably spreads into the rental market. This is the highest borrowing cost since the Financial Crisis in 2008.

(IMF) at the end of September,the last month, the financial institution warned that many of the government’s announcements could have serious economic consequences if fully delivered.

As Prime Minister Liz Truss campaigned for the Conservative leadership over the summer, she was challenged by her competitorformer chancellor Rishi Sunak - on her “reckless” and “unsustainable” plans to tackle inflation, the energy crisis and the overall cost of living crisis. Sunak even suggested they would cause a dramatic drop in the pound's value and rising interest rates. Impartial political commentators are now - away from normal conventionpointing to these statements as they play out before their eyes.

It is somewhat of a rarity in Westminster that two political heavyweights from the same party who have (until recently) served in the same government will fight a leadership battle from two very different ideological perspectives in public. But these differences are now being fought out throughout the Conservative Party. Aside from a few backbench MPs, it is only in the past few weeks that widespread disunity has begun, with the announcement of the cut to the top income tax rate from 45% to 40% in the “mini-budget” instantly criticised by more senior Conservatives. Members have also raised concern over the fact the “mini-budget” was not (as is usual) accompanied by an independent review by the Office for Budget Responsibility, causing immediate panic in the financial

markets and wiping millions of pounds off UK pension funds.

At the party’s main conference last week, former levelling up secretary Michael Gove urged Liz Truss to reverse many of the plans or risk them “being voted down in the Commons” and bolding claiming her plans were “not Conservative”.

Backlash towards these in-party rebels began to be played out in public, with the new Home Secretary, Suella Braverman, describing her party's disagreements as “a vicious coup” in a public speech last week. One senior cabinet member even told the BBC’s Political Editor, Chris Mason, that his party to “Calm the f**ck down!”. Commenting on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, Mason described how such conferences were usually “A showcase of a party on display getting an outsized amount of attention and celebrating what it believes in” and how “often when a new leader takes office, something of a victory lap for them and a moment of loyalty", but adding, "Not a bit fo it in the last couple of days”. Reflecting further on the usual structure he’d experienced many times previously. Mason added, “There is that choreography, that frontof-house stuff, and then it’s our job as reporters to beetle around to various bars and dos to find out what people are saying in private - but in the past few days, you haven’t even needed to do that! You can just see what’s happening in public!”.

This means that prices will increase when importing goods and services into the country - most likely leading to a further rise in inflation and prices

The “mini-budget” also saw the introduction of investment zones as another part of the government's plans to boost the economy, with plans to relax planning rules to allow concentrated business development in specific “areas of interest” in the country, alongside “low tax” for businesses moving into the areas. In an unprecedented move by the International Monterey Fund

Here at UEA, with energy prices still soaring, it is increasingly difficult to fund and manage day-to-day educational needs. Most part-time job wages are not increasing with inflation, and utility bills continue to increase. Students living off-campus may also feel the pinch of increased rents - currently standing at 11% in Norwich - as landlords try to keep their income profitable. In response, The Trussell Trust has set up a food bank at the university to aid those most at risk (which can be accessed from SIZ, Monday to Friday between 9 AM and 5 PM), and the SU has introduced a ‘pay as you can' scheme for tickets and events. If you or anyone you know is affected by any of the issues raised here, please speak to AdviceSU (front right of the Hive) or contact your personal advisor, who will refer you accordingly.

rumblings seen during Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership. What many in the higher ranks of the party would’ve seen as a positive start was then quashed somewhat later in the day, when Labour MP for Ealing Central and Acton, Rupa Huq, said in an interview with the BBC that the Chancellor, Kwasi Kwateng was

“superficially black”. Leader Sir Keir Starmer quickly condoned the statement as “racist” and immediately suspended ‘the whip’ (her right to stay as a Labour MP). Over the remaining three days of the conference, however, political correspondents, including The Spectator’s Katy Balls, began picking up on what a senior advisor to Starmer described to her as “cautious optimism”. The 60-year-old ex-lawyer and his cabinet colleagues announced a series of new policies, including a new publicly owned “Great British Energy” company, the renationalisation of the railways in England, and plans to double the amount of onshore wind power, triple solar energy, and more than quadruple offshore wind power by 2030. These more ‘social democratic’ policies will likely come as a pleasant surprise to many to the left on the party's broad political spectrum, as simultaneously, the party’s evidence-based and fully-costed plans will appeal more to the party's right.

Suppose the past six years of political upheaval weren't enough. In that case, the next six weeks will inevitably be hugely testing for politicians negotiating amongst themselves in Westminster and, first and foremost, for the millions of citizens affected by their results.

The Labour Party conferenceheld a week before - has, in many ways, been equally dramatic and unconventional. Members sang the national anthem in unison at the opening ceremony of the four-day event - a first in its history and signalling a distinct break from the republican

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Pixabay

Home of tHe wonderful

Norfolk: “The Home of” the Home of the Wonderful

Libby Hargreaves Editor-in-Chief

We’re lucky, as UEA students, that our university is positioned in such an idyllic county; Norfolk is the home of a wonderful city, but also amazing woodlands, beaches and quaint villages.

The Broads, and a variety of Estates including the famous Holkham Hall are only a bus ride away for us- and there’s plenty going on over the next few weeks to explore!

I have been coming to Norfolk for holidays for over a decade with my family.

We usually stay in a caravan site near Thursford for a couple of weeks in the summer- it was one of the reasons I chose UEA, as I knew I loved the area so much.

I feel I’m therefore qualified enough to recommend some of

my favourite spots.

First on my list is my absolute favourite seaside destination: Blakeney Quay.

A jewel on the North Norfolk Coastline, Blakeney is the perfect day trip for anybody; whether you’re a toddler looking for crabs, fancy a slide in the mudbank or a brisk walk.

My own favourite memories of Blakeney are of early morning sunrises paddleboarding from the Quay to Morston, with coffee and cake from

Two Magpies, followed by an afternoon walk to Cley accompanied by some windowshopping.

A few miles to the west lies Holkham Estate, the home of the Cokes and a beautiful 18th Century example of architecture.

There are an abundance of walking trails around the estate, as well as the Walled Gardens and plenty of cycle paths which are fun for all ages and abilities, with hire available.

Down the road from the estate, you will find the vast Holkham beach- an incredibly versatile, nature-filled playground for all.

A long and muddy walk to the sea, perhaps don’t bring your wind break, but do bring a good pair of shoes to stroll among the pine trees if you get a chance!

Closer to home, beauty spots like Horstead Mill make for a lovely peaceful break from academic and personal stresses.

Coltishall is only a bus ride away and holds a great swimming or watersports spot, or even a spot to sit and read for a couple of hours.

There are lots of nearby cafes and shops for you to enjoy too.

If you don’t have as much opportunity to venture out from the city, there are plenty of spots on the outskirts worth a visit too; Whitlingham Country Park in particular, which has the best of the Broads without having to travel too far east.

If you visit any of these spots, be sure to leave no trace behind and be kind to the wildlife we share the earth with, and of course share the moment with your friends!

CareerCentral: Guiding Students on their Journey After UEA

Collins Venue Editor

CareerCentral is the goto for all advice regarding employment.

Whether you’re looking for a part-time job or testing the waters for a post-grad life, CareerCentral has everything.

With an abundance of online resources, and an in-person space, you’re all set.

CareerCentral’s newest home is on the ground floor of the library – it’s so easy to find, and it helps that it’s bright yellow.

If you’re unable to come to campus, or you want to check out exactly what it is they offer, you can head on over to the MyCareerCentral website.

From there, just use your UEA login – or your Graduate login if you’re no longer a student here – and you’re in!

A multitude of sections will flood your screen, whether offering events, guiding you to an advisor, or helping you home in on specific skills.

The site is organised and signposted in an incredibly accessible way, so there’s no need to stress when you’re going through the already stressful process of job applications and career workshops.

If you’re on campus anyway, and you don’t exactly know what it is you need, go speak to one of the lovely CareerCentral staff – they couldn’t be more willing to help!

Through the site, I found my first proper part-time job, which I wouldn’t have seen elsewhere.

The job search allows you to filter your interests and your availability, making it all that much easier.

The staff also checked my CV for me, helping me perfect it and really emphasise my

strengths.

This was incredibly helpful in ensuring I knew what a strong CV looked like – and knew what pitfalls to avoid.

Generally, the staff were so kind as well – I never felt like my questions were stupid, nor was I made to feel like an idiot for not knowing these things.

In 2021, I attended the Working WithWords panels they held. This brought in alumni in various areas of journalism, publishing and editing, and gave them the space to talk

about their areas of expertise.

In all honesty, this helped me realise what I wanted to do post-uni.

It gave me the push to join Concrete, and it opened my eyes to the world of editing.

So, my advice to you, dear reader, is use CareerCentral. It’s so worth it.

CareerCentral doesn’t just help with the (slightly boring) admin stuff either, but they often host workshops and discussions which can be really inspiring.

Louise

“the staff were so kind”

“use CareerCentral. It’s so worth it.”

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Concrete/Matthew Stothard

None For Me: Non-Alcoholic Events at UEA

Badriya Abdullah Deputy Editor

Not everyone drinks. Whether it’s for religious reasons like myself, health reasons or simply because they don’t want to. When first coming to UEA it can feel like all of the most exciting events happen at the bar. However, part of the reason UEA is Home of the Wonderful is that people know this, and therefore there are tons of activities that don’t centre around alcohol.

Societies and sports clubs will always do their best to be inclusive and never pressure anyone to drink at any of their events. Committees are also open for suggestions for socials so if you ever have an idea feel free to extend your ideas to them.

If you ever fancy getting stuck in with artsy activities, Do Something Different is the

place for you. Many DSD events run weekly throughout the year with all sorts of different crafts that you can take part in! Some events in the past included making your own stained glass ornament and decorating your own tote bag. Upcoming events this semester include lino printing (18th October), a slow stitch workshop (1st November) and ink and watercolour painting (15th November). All events are available to be booked through the SU website and the best thing is, all DSD activities are free!

October welcomes the changing of the seasons. Nights will gradually be getting longer but the light of Black History Month continues to shine on UEA. This year’s theme is Black health and wellness and there are a ton of activities for everyone to take part in. From a viewing of Marvel’s Black Panther on

campus (19th October) to an African drumming drop-in session (27th October), and more, they’ll be something for everyone as we celebrate this month.

Finally, if you’re an avid explorer, why not explore the surrounding area with a wide variety of Navigating Norwich trips this semester? This semester, there are trips that include Thetford Forest (15th October) and Oxburgh Hall (12th November). Trips are £5 and are a great chance to relax away from campus and your degree, as well as meet new people!

There are plenty of things that people can take part in without having alcohol involved, and with such a wide variety, there really is something for everyone. All activities and more are available to be booked through the SU website!

Doing Different: Student Stories

Arriving at university of the first time can bring up lots of different emotions.

Fear, excitement, and nervousness are probably some of the most common ones.

For some their path at university may be clearer than others, but everyone will have uncertainties.

What sport will you join? Societies? Who will you meet? Who will you be in a year? Or even by the time you leave university?

The following four passages from fellow writers, and myself, shortly brief some of the feelings we had entering university, challenges we have faced and how we have overcome those during our time at, the home of the wonderful, UEA.

***

‘You will be a completely different person by Christmas’ – when my year 13 teacher uttered those words to me upon my university crisis conversation, I merely dismissed her claim as something to settle my nerves.

However, she was exactly right. I have developed masses of confidence that I never knew I could possess.

I don’t let my worries and concerns hold me back and leave me missing out on

exciting, new opportunities, and above all else, because of the people I have met and the friends I have … I am happy. Thank you UEA!

- F.F. ***

Arriving at UEA in 2021, I was fearful of what might happen.

I didn’t go to any tasters during fresher’s week and only joined one society that my flatmate was in.

Before moving to UEA, I was living in a tiny village where I felt somewhat isolated.

The later years of secondary school were a difficult experience for me; I struggled to fit in with my peers and spent a lot of time alone due to anxiety.

Moving to UEA was at first a shock; suddenly, I was having to socialise a lot more and speak to a wide variety of people from different backgrounds.

It was daunting, but it built my confidence in unimaginable ways.

Now, going into my second year, I enjoy speaking to people and making new friends.

-Lily Taylor

But amongst my new uncharted world, I found comfort in the joy of being given a new beginning.

Cut to a year later, entering the second year of my degree, I’ve joined the committee for art society, started playing hockey and writing for Concrete. Three things which would have terrified eighteenyear-old me.

Some things have stayed the same, I still hate coriander and rounders, but the confidence I have gained in my small time at university has surprised no one more than myself.

- Eleanor Radford

On the evening of my last night at home, my parents rather attentively came into my childhood bedroom.

They exchanged nervous, proud looks between them and said the following, ‘you will meet your people at university, and we cannot wait to meet them’.

I dismissed them. What did that even mean?

A year later, I know exactly what they meant.

Navigating the initial loneliness of university was overwhelmingly daunting.

For the first time I was able to dictate who I wanted to be, and who I wanted to know me.

- Ella Jolliffe

Eleanor Radford Home of the Wonderful Writer

“For the first time I was able to dictate who I wanted to be”

Photo: Unsplash

Photo: Concrete/ Matthew Stothard

Photo: Concrete/Prakrita Rahman

Get to Know the Fine City Home of tHe wonderful

One of the most important parts of the UEA is unmistakably the city it calls home.

The UNESCO World City of Literature lives up to its status; Norwich boasts an eclectic blend of cultures from across the globe, with residents converging upon the tangle of rivers nestled between the verdant, sprawling grasslands as their stories intertwine.

For how isolated it from the rest of England, Norwich is something of a “cosmopolitan village”.

There are many things to do, many people to meet and sights to see, but everywhere you go, people are doing everything at their own, idyllic pace.

While the pace of life in Norwich can seem quite slow and meandering, its size can be quite overwhelming for newcomers to the city.

Having been born in Norwich and lived nearby all my life, I can say with security that when you get used to it, not only do you find it easy to navigate, but you discover a plethora of activities and places to go, from tucked away cafes in the

Lanes to windswept beauty spots hidden away in one of the city’s many green spaces.

All these things to do will help you familiarise yourself with your new home city, as well as making your life at university slightly more relaxing.

After all, it’s not all work, right?

garden and tennis courts for residents of Earlham and Eaton.

If you want something a bit wilder, venture past the Cathedral Precinct and up Kett’s Hill to Mousehold Heath.

With 184 acres of open space, the Heath is covered in vast swathes of woodland with clearings that you can see unobstructed views of the Norwich skyline.

The best view of Norwich can be found at the peak of St James’ Hill, a short walk from Britannia Road, where on a good day, you can see as far as the University.

try the Wandering Words selfguided literary trail.

Maps are available at Waterstones, DNA Books, and the Book Hive, and offer a collection of poems and written texts by authors inspired by the sounds and sights of the Fine City.

When you venture out for the day, you will inevitably work up an appetite and the large selection of eateries in the city will cater for the cravings of everyone looking for a bite to eat, regardless of your budget or taste.

When one comes to Norwich, it’s easy to recognise that for a city, it is very green.

With twelve historic parks and nearly as many nature reserves to match, you never have to walk very far to enjoy a break from the hustle-and-bustle.

Eaton Park is a five-minute walk from the University, and the city’s largest formal park.

It’s home to a variety of activities, such as an 18-hole pitch-and-putt, a formal rose

If you’re heading into the city centre for a day, you won’t find yourself short of anything to do.

If you’re looking to learn about the city, the Norwich Guided Tours are a good start.

Led by expert tour guides and on until the 29th of this month, you’ll be in safe hands as you learn about the rich history and culture of the city, as well as local attractions and landmarks.

However, if you prefer doing something at your own pace,

The Lanes are a network of narrow medieval streets that tangle around the city centre, and are lined with everything from Biddy’s, an Alice in Wonderland-inspired tearoom to Jarrolds, Norwich’s awardwinning department store. No matter what your idea is for the perfect day out, Norwich has everything you need to ensure that you leave home excited and return satisfied.

Just make sure you wear good walking shoes, because Norwich may be famous for all the things listed above, but it’s also certainly famous for being very hilly, despite the even terrain of the county that surrounds it!

Ronaldo Martins Home of the Wonderful Editor

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Concrete/ Matthew Stothard

What’s on?

Week commencing 10th October 2022

Mamma Mia - ABBA comes to Norwich in the incredible stage adaptation of Mamma Mia. Tickets are available from £38.50 with showings from Tuesday 4th - Saturday 22nd October at Norwich Theatre Royal.

Damn Good ‘Rep Your Flag’ - Celebrate Black History Month at the LCR with this amazing club night. On 11th October from 10:30pm, with tickets at £4.50.

Skills Development - Are you an international student looking for part time work or volunteering opportunities? Career Central are hosting information sessions from 11th - 13th October. Head to the CareerCentral website to book or to find out more.

Wellbeing Dog Walk - UEA+sport are hosting weekly dog walking sessions every Wednesday during term times. Meet at UEA Security Lodge and wander around Earlham Park with some adorable doggos. . Tickets are available from the SU website at £1.

Drop In and Draw - A free event which brings like minded artists together for a dedicated time to unleash your inner artist. Wednesday 12th October from 2:30pm - 4:30pm at Norwich Millenium Library

SPECTRUM - UEA’s very own gay club night is back at the Blue Bar. Celebrate all things queer on 13th October from 9pm, with tickets at £3.

Sarah Barnard in Conversation - Join Sarah Barnard as she dscusses her latest book ‘Something Certain, Maybe’ based loosely on her own UEA experience. Held in the Thomas Paine Lecture Theatre at 6pm on the 14th October. Free entry, but book your ticket from the UEA site.

Jabawockycrafts - A craft fair based inside The Forum from 9am6pm on Saturday 15th October

Local Makers Market - A craft fair based outside The Forum from 10am - 4pm on Saturday 15th October

Clutter City Autumn Market - A craft fair based At Norwich Arts Center on Sunday 16th October from 11am.

Week commencing 17th October 2022

The Undertones - Rock out to some punk and post-punk music with The Undertones at The Waterfront. Event starts at 7:30pm on 20th October, with tickets at £25.

A-List Culture Clash - Celebrate music from across the AfroCarribbean diaspora. Event starts at 10:30pm on 22nd October, with tickets at £6.

Source: All images from Unsplash

The Black Blues Brothers - The incredible acrobat group come to the Norwich Theatre Royal on Sunday 23 October at 7:30pm. Tickets are available from £20.50.

Week commencing 24th October 2022

Witches of the Waste - Film screening of this new queer horror film at Voodoo Daddy’s. Event held on Tuesday 25th October at 6:30pm. Tickets are available from £3.50.

The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel - Travel with the group of British retirees on a journey to India. From 25th October - 29th October. Tickets are available from £28.50.

Night of the Lustful Dead - UEA Burlesque Society perform at Norwich Arts Centre on Wednesday 26th October at 7:30pm. Tickets are available from £6.

Jessica Fostekew: Wench - Co-host of The Guilty Feminist Podcast Jessica Fostekew comes to Norwich Arts Centre to make us laugh with her steamy stories. Thursday 27th October at 7:30pm. Tickets are available from £14.

Week commencing 31st October 2022

An Evening with Olivie Blake - join Olivie as she discusses her books, including the very popular The Atlas Six. She’ll be signing books and answering your questions at Blackfriars Hall on Thursday 3rd November. Event starts at 6:30pm and tickets start from £8.

The Colour Purple - experience a rollercoaster of emotions as you watch the award-winning show in Norwich’s own Theatre Royal. The show runs from November 1st - November 5th with tickets are available from £28..

Swiftogeddon - dance your heart out with fellow Swifties on Saturday 5th November at Epic Studios. Whether you dress up as your favourite Taylor Swift era, or you channel your favourite song, your references definitely won’t be missed! Tickets are on sale from £8.82.

Liv Presents Coven - Liv is back at the Norwich Arts Center presenting her spookiest drag show. Come as your drag persona, or in your scariest costume. No matter what, you’ll have an incredible experience. Head on over on the 5th November at 8pm. Tickets are available from £9.59

Kamila Shamsie at UEA Live - watch bestselling author introduce her new novel Best of Friends on Wednesday 2nd November at 7pm in UEA’s Lecture Theatre 1. Tickets vialable from £6.

The Ecuadorian Constitution: Reform, Resources and the Rights of Nature

Emma Darlington Global Writer

Ecuador is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with high levels of primary rainforest and endemic species. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the main driver leading to biodiversity loss is deforestation through urban expansion, agricultural expansion, mining, and petroleum exploration. Not only are species highly endangered, but the quality of air, soil, and water are also vastly deteriorating, threatening the lives of thousands of communities directly dependent on natural resources.

Biodiversity is crucial for humans as it enables the earth’s systems to be resilient and enables natural services to continue thriving. However, there is a valid argument that nature should not be protected solely because it benefits us. Nature ought to have its own intrinsic value and possess the right to be respected. This principle is deeply embedded in the Andean thought of “Buen Vivir” and ecocentrism in contrast to Western narratives of anthropocentrism, which is based on the notion of propertyowning, legitimizing, and justifying the human species over all others on earth. Not only does anthropocentrism promote ecological degradation but also justifies the dispossession of land over indigenous communities, to gain financial benefits and resources by a small proportion of the elite. Subscribing to this school of thought indefinitely life may ultimately result in the sixth mass extinction of our planet.

Ecuador’s constitutional reform in 2008, was one of the first constitutions in the world to include the “Rights of Nature”. President Rafael Correa was part of initiating this transformative process. The constitution’s main aim was to build a “participatory democracy, to harmonize the relationship between state, economy, people and resources”. The constitution hoped to halt multinational companies from exploiting the land, in which most of the profits failed to trickle down to the local population. Many countries have been inspired worldwide such as New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Panama, Canada, and even the UK, and have started making changes in not only their way of thinking but in their drafted

legal systems.

The Rights of Nature permit any citizen within Ecuador, to sue any person or corporation, on behalf of an ecosystem even if it is not harming them directly. Chapter 7 is specifically dedicated to the Rights of Nature. The most prominent sections consist of: Restoration of nature- “In the most severe case of environmental impact, including those of exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources, the state shall establish the most effective mechanisms to achieve restoration… and measures to eliminate or mitigate harmful environmental consequences” (Kotze, 2017).

Preventative and restrictive measures- “activities that might lead to the extinction of species, the destruction of ecosystems and the permanent alteration of natural cycles” (Kotze, 2017)

This is a huge step forward, towards a movement in sustainable development and environmental protection. However, 14 years after this constitution was implemented it’s vital to track its effectiveness and understand whether this is constitutional rhetoric or a reality.

Up until 2021, the only case which was deemed a “success”, was in 2011, in front of the Provincial Court of Justice in Loja with the creation of a new road. The government didn’t conduct an environmental impact assessment nor consult with inhabitants living in proximity to the construction. The road was going to alter the flow of the river causing serious harm to nature. With the case being won, the government took public responsibility and apologized, although the road was still constructed but with “minimized impacts” (Greenie, 2011).

Frustratingly, it is government officials and politicians who are at the forefront of deciding what is deemed harmful to nature, rather than environmental conservationists or experts which threatens to blunt any attempt to enforce the constitution.

On the first of December 2021, Los Cedros, was saved (for the time being) from the continuation of mining by several multinational companies. Despite enormous biodiversity threats, there are also threats to indigenous communities, eco-tourism, and ecological services. This constitutional action was filed by the city of Cotacachi against the Ministry of Environment and Ecuador’s state-owned mining

company, specifically with the Rio Magdalena mining project carried out with the Partnership of a Canadian mining company (Herbet Smith Freehills, 2022). After three years, the Ecuadorian High Court ruled that the rights of the forest had been violated by mining activities, there had been no environmental assessments to discern the impact of the mining activities on local communities’ health and as a precautionary principle the mining concessions were withheld. The court further ordered the Ministry of Environment to create a new draft of regulations imposing harsher environmental standards and permits.

This favorable ruling is both powerful and comprehensive, and a historic moment in the protection of endangered ecosystems. Not only is this a prime example of the effectiveness of civic action to halt environmental degradation, but also a message to the rest of Latin America and the international community.

However, the mining concessions overlap a huge proportion of the protected areas. It is vital more communities and citizens stand up to these multinational corporations putting pressure on not only the government but the world’s demand for these resources. There are still many challenges facing the Rights of Nature: Ecuador has an extremely high level of inequality, and it will be a long and difficult road to emerge from this phase without petroleum exports. More than half of export earnings and approximately 25% of public sector revenues come from petroleum. Lack of enforcement, political will, and contradictions within the constitution has prevented it from being fully effective in its role of protecting nature. On the one hand, the constitution is trying to promote a state-led alternative modernization but conversely is still caught up in the exploitative fossil fuel sector.

The Rights of Nature are a significant revolutionary step rethinking the dominance of humans within the Earth’s ecosystem. Despite the governmental concessions and environmental degradation occurring the dialogue has finally moved forward. People are finally having an opportunity to defend the voiceless. With countries following in the footsteps of this Ecuadorian constitution there is finally hope that nature will one day be respected.

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Pixabay

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Elections in Italy - what comes next?

Luca Di Cola Global Writer

The elections of the 25 September came at a vital moment for Italy. The context is one of war, social and political turmoil, economic crisis, and unlike other European countries a lack of room to manoeuvre, due to a high level of debt. All of this is exacerbated by a steady demographic decline and an aging population which make it even harder to achieve economic growth and renewal of ideas.

The far right of Giorgia Meloni (Fratelli d’Italia party) is the leading party and a member of the rightwing coalition of MeloniBerlusconi-Salvini. The future government will most likely be supported by the right-wing coalition of the parliament, as they are expected to get the majority of the seats in Parliament.

The issues that the next executive will have to tackle are many and challenging. Putin’s war with Ukraine will force the government, which will be sympathetic towards Russia, to take a pro-NATO position given the strong level of influence that the United States holds in Italy. As for Italy’s Mediterranean neighbours, this decade may be marked by more severe resistance towards Turkey’s

irredentist aspirations, with more frequent diplomatic attacks by both sides and an increase of Turkey’s already strong naval presence in the international waters of the Mediterranean. The previous Italian administration led by Mario Draghi tried to raise the United States’ awareness on the matter by calling Turkey’s president Erdogan “an assassin”, to almost no avail. Without a doubt, the next government will hold firm to this line of action as the tension will mount in the years to come.

Despite this, the economy will be the most demanding subject overall. Recession is likely, driven by the EUR/USD approaching parity, Italy’s vital export market slowing down, and by the rise in energy costs meaning among other issues heating houses is becoming prohibitively expensive for most families. Indeed, social unrest may dominate in the coming winter. This may contribute to a softening of the western European countries towards Russia in the incoming months, especially Italy and Germany which have always benefitted from solid diplomatic relations with Russia. Germany’s influence shapes Italy’s economy as most northern Italian industries directly produce goods for German businesses, but

the war, and hence higher energy prices, alongside inflation and a progressive shrinkage of a share of the Chinese market, may slow down the German economy and therefore Italy’s. Italy desperately needs the Recovery Fund money promised by the European Union and especially Germany, after the pandemic but the strong impact that sanctions are having on the EU may lead the European Commission to downsize the amount of money or impose new restrictions.

Italy’s position on the above matters will not change despite a change in the nature of the government, as these are overriding political and economic themes for the country’s survival. What will change is the narrative. The new governance will bring an anti-immigration, anti-EU, and pro-Church bent to the country. Every decision will be justified within a conservative and isolationist framework, blaming the EU for all of Italy’s structural problems, or the Nongovernmental Organizations framing immigration as a catastrophic invasion.

Giorgia Meloni (pictured) will do her best to maintain strong relationships with the EU as Italy desperately needs EU cash, but within the

country, she will discredit Brussels to gain support from the population. The isolationist propaganda will be supported by an attempt to strengthen diplomatic relations with other farright countries like Hungary,

Poland, and now possibly Sweden, simultaneously demonstrating the intrinsic fallibility of said isolationist rhetoric. Italy will face many, many struggles in the years to come, but solutions are few and far between.

The Women’s Rights Movement has opened up an unlikely new front – the Islamic Republic of Iran

Eve Attwood Global Writer

The Women’s Rights Movement is ongoing globally, but one country it has historically struggled to make headway in is Iran.

Up to 1979, Iran was ruled by an absolute monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The Islamic Revolution of 1979 then transformed Iran into the Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, with a constitution emphasising the need for guardianship through the supervision of leading Islamic jurists.

This meant the government would be supervised by the Supreme Leader and an appointed, unelected, Guardian Council. The political hierarchy changed, with the Supreme Leader at the top

as head of state. The Supreme Leader has more power than the president and has control of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government.

Despite Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s government repressive policies, women in Iran still made political gains during his rule. They had access to higher education, as well as the right to vote and hold office. There were equal pay laws, health care and reproductive rights, and even a cabinet-level position dedicated to women’s issues.

However, after 1980, Khomeini rose to power and compulsory veiling reentered the law. Harsh repression began for Iranian women and many were stopped and arrested for “improper dress”.

Homes were raided, women were forced out of jobs, and universities

became increasingly segregated. It became harder for women to show resistance as the Republic surveilled and brutally punished those who failed to conform.

For too long, Iranian women have been forcibly silenced. Now, they are demanding their voices be heard. Protests were reignited by the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini who died on the 16th September, allegedly due to police brutality. She was arrested by the morality police of Iran’s Law Enforcement Command for failing to wear the hijab in accordance with government standards. Despite police claiming she had a heart attack, eyewitnesses and women detained with Amini said she was severely beaten. Women in Iran were outraged by Amini’s case and saw themselves in her, beginning

their protests at the hospital where Amini was treated, before spreading to her home province of Kurdistan.

In response, the government implemented a widespread Internet blackout, with nationwide restrictions on social media. As women and men have taken to the streets to protest, they have been met with brutal force and live ammunition. At least 133 people have been killed (as of 4th October), according to Iran Human Rights.

But fear tactics don’t seem to be enough to repress the voices of Iranian women. People chanted “Death to Khamenei” and “his guardianship is invalid”. Protesters spoke of the importance of social media in communicating with the world and spreading their message. Head scarves were tossed into

bonfires and women danced bareheaded before security agents. Women stood cutting their long hair or exposing shaved heads.

Such resistance has become a symbol of women’s right to choose, that they will no longer be controlled. Even those not directly participating in the protests have helped by making sandwiches or first-aid kits for the demonstrators. Some women have reportedly let protestors sleep in their homes to avoid security forces. These small acts speak of a sense of solidarity, one which the Iranian government can’t seem to quell.

The future of women’s rights in Iran remains uncertain, but it is clear Amini’s death has struck a chord in protesters. The sentiment is that change is now. Tomorrow is too late.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

IntervIew

Deputy Editor Badriya Abdullah in

Treasurer Michael Gyapong. “Every issue is equal.

Image:Michael Gyapong

As we welcome October, we also welcome the return of Black History Month. It’s a time to remember the past, talk about the present and look to the future as we navigate this world together.

Our own UEA community has plenty of events hosted by the SU this month, however, I wanted to take a wider look and see what was being done in Norwich and Norfolk to celebrate this year. When Norfolk Black History Month officially launched on 30 September at The Forum, I reached out to Michael Gyapong, the treasurer of Norfolk Black History Month and sat down with him for a chat.

Originally from Ghana, Michael has been in the UK for 26 years. “Still got the accent though,” he joked, reminding me of my own family who have similar stories to his. Black History Month isn’t his first experience working with non-profit organisations. Between his day job as a mortgage advisor, and being a professional DJ for almost ten years, he’s also raised almost £25,000 for Médecins Sans Frontières.

He explained this work was what led the committee to approach him almost five years ago. The committee is comprised of a small group of volunteers, however, due to unforeseen circumstances, he has been organising events and activities by himself for the past few months.

I asked him how he was finding everything. “It’s extremely busy, and I’ve been stressed a lot as well. I think I’ve lost about a stone from all the running around,” he chuckled. “But I’m passionate about it. Black History Month has been going on in Norfolk for the past 20 years, It used to be the second biggest in the country four years ago. If I don’t do it there would be no Black History Month in Norwich.”

I wanted to know what drove his passion and he replied, “being able to reach everyone is amazing. We get to share the history and the positive contribution that communities gave to British society. That’s what we’re all about. I believe in equality and diversity. It’s about having consistency all year round. Every issue is equal. Women’s rights, rights of every nationality, disabled people, gay rights. If we believe in equality, then it has to be equality across the board. You don’t get to pick and choose.”

I wanted to know what were the general aims of Black History Month in Norfolk. And he placed an emphasis on the committee’s aim to encourage the learning of black experiences, past, present and future. I asked him what he thought was the most important thing that we should learn about black experiences.

happened

“I want people to know about black history. Especially in the UK because they don’t teach it in schools. In October they’ll put a video on in class and that’s it,” he began. “And if we cast our minds back to George Floyd, I was amazed at the number of young people who stood up and said, ‘this isn’t right.’ I’ve experienced the negative side of the police myself. I’ve been wrongfully stopped and put in a cell. When you speak up, people think ‘here we go again, another black person feeling sorry for themselves’, but it’s always important to talk about what happened in the past.”

“If you don’t talk about what happened in the past, you never move forward,” he elaborated. “There are things that we can all agree should never happen again because we’ve learned from it and talked about it. We look at the past, take the good things and what we learnt forward, and leave the bad parts behind.”

When I asked Michael what the focus was for Black History Month in Norwich this year, I was met with this answer: “Our focus is wellness and wellbeing. It’s about black health. If you look at the news and Covid, ethnic minorities were heavily affected. When you look at maternity you see the amount of ethnic minority women who die having children in British hospitals. When you look at mental health, you see the disproportionate number of black men in psychiatric hospitals without any kind of proper assessment.”

in the past, you’ll never

concrete-online.co.uk/category/interview/

conversation with Norfolk Black History Month

You don’t get to pick and choose.”

He explained, “it doesn’t have to necessarily be about black people, but we’re targeting people who often don’t go and seek help. Men, and black men especially, don’t seek help regarding mental health and prostate cancer. Mental health especially is taboo to talk about in our kind of society. So hopefully, this year a few people will become aware and educate them.”

“I suffer from mental illness,” he admitted, and started to tell me his own mental health story. “I am currently talking with NHS because I’m still suffering the effects of experiences that happened to me as a child. But I never spoke about it, and during that time nobody knew that this was going on. I’m happy and jokey but when I got in my car to drive by myself, I would burst into tears.” He paused, “it was at that point when I knew, I needed to talk to someone. And I’m not ashamed to talk about it now. In my culture, the men are seen as the head of the house, and you can’t show any sign of weakness so mental health isn’t talked about. But my god, it shouldn’t be a stigma anymore.”

The topic segued into the mental health of students. We spoke about how students across the country have been struggling with their mental health over the past few years, exacerbated by covid and its effects. I asked him, what advice would he give to students about seeking mental health.

Image:Concrete,BadriyaAbdullah

“You have to ask for help,” he began. “It doesn’t matter who you are, just speak to someone. A friend, someone you feel comfortable with, anyone at all. You might be surprised the amount of people who might share the same experience or gone through it and came out the other way. What I would like to tell students is to use all the resources you’ve got.”

I asked him what the future plans for Norfolk Black History Month are. “I want to make it more inclusive,” he answered. “We want more young people involved in the conversation and I’d like for UEA to be involved. If we can bring the students in and collaborate it would be so good. Let’s educate and learn about each other’s cultures. Spread the word and make the world a better place. I call upon any student that wants to get involved to get in touch with us. Collectively we can make a change.”

“Any words of wisdom for people my age?” I asked. “You sound like a man who’s had a lot of experience.”

He laughed at this and eventually admitted that I might be right. With a beaming smile, he answered, “just be kind and spend a little bit of your time doing something good. If you believe in something and you’ve got a cause, go for it. Spend one hour a week on it and you’ll get the reward. If you change one person’s life, or educate one person, or do anything to make them happy and smile, then I’ll tell you it’s worth every single penny.”

If you’d like to learn more about Norfolk Black History Month and the events that will be occurring throughout October and beyond, you are able to see the entire list on norfolkblackhistorymonth.org.

Some events that are particularly noteworthy are a Black History Walking Tour of Norwich on 21 October, ‘A Joyous Conversation about Race’ panel at the Hostry 22 October and the ‘Visions of Ancient Egypt’ exhibition currently being shown right at our own Sainsbury Centre (free for UEA students).

Spread the word and make the world a better place.

Features Am I queer enough yet?

Jess Blissitt Features Writer

When I came out as bisexual,

someone who I thought was my friend, accused me of copying her.

Even though we were only 13 at the time, there have always been preconceptions that exist surrounding queer sexuality. I guess the latest kind of homophobia is treating comin g out like a trend. I’m proud to identify as a bisexual woman, but there are times when other’s opinions have caused me to question my own queerness.

When I was in sixth form and told someone I was queer, they told me, “You don’t look gay,” because of what I

was wearing. I was puzzled, because 17-year-old me thought surely my sexuality shouldn’t be defined by my fashion choices (no matter how horrific they were). I was right, the way you dress absolutely does not give anyone the right to comment on whether your style obliges with what they see as queer. When I asked them for more information, they simply told me that I wore “straightlooking” clothes, and I should dress in what’s seen as more conventionally masculine, so people would know I’m bisexual, but it’s actually none of their business. Being told I should create a whole new appearance in order to be seen as part of the LGBTQ+ community made me feel scared and trapped all over again. I felt as though I had nowhere to turn, nowhere that could accept this version of me that didn’t fit in - I was free falling between straight and gay because maybe then, the questions would stop, and I could feel a sense of belonging I so clearly craved.

Another incident occurred

in my first few months at UEA. I was approached by a girl at a party who said she liked my outfit, and we began talking. As the night wore on, our conservation got deeper, and when I told her I was bisexual, she started flirting with me. Then I told her I had a boyfriend, and she was disgusted and did nothing to disguise the fact. I assumed she was upset because she thought I had led her on, and I tried to apologise, but she said, “I’m not your little experimentation project” as if I was a straight girl, simply interested in girls to appease my boyfriend’s fetishes. None of which was true. I felt false, wrong, like I was pretending to be something I wasn’t. I began to question myself, my feelings, my sexuality – did I only like girls because of the representation of lesbian sex, because I thought it would make me sexier, appealing to the male gaze? I would love to be a woman who never needs any male validation, but internal misogyny and homophobia made me doubt every girl I’d ever looked at, kissed, or interacted with.

Even now, I feel anxious to proclaim my sexuality for fear that I will be immediately categorized into something else - a straight girl with homosexual tendencies or a gay girl with internalized homophobia. It seems I cannot simply be a girl who likes girls, boys, and everything in between. I became mostly aware of biphobia, apart from what I’d witnessed, through queer advocates on social media. It alarmed me when some of them said bisexuals were transphobic, because we seemingly only saw two genders. Obviously, I will not speak for all bisexuals out there, but gender is the least of my concerns when meeting someone.

It was only when my best friend from home came to visit, that I felt content with my identity. We were at the pub talking and she confessed that she always knew I was bisexual and was just waiting for me to figure it out. I didn’t realise how much I needed that validation from somebody I care about, until then. I felt so much relief and happiness

Masters Melancholia

Brooke Le Breton Features Writer

Being a masters student feels strangely like being a teenager again. You are occupying the liminal space between being an undergraduate student (a ‘baby’ in the academic world) and a PhD student, who is a small step away from lecturer status. Stepping into the Scholar’s Bar or dining with academics after seminars, I sometimes feel like a child sat at the adult’s table. In the midst of asking myself why I am in these places, I long to be part of the ‘adult’ academic sphere.

Upon telling someone you are studying for your master’s degree; you are often met with the same response; the assumption that we’re looking for a way to put off being an adult for longer. I feel like I’m having to constantly explain my decision to do a master’s and then a

PhD so I can eventually be a lecturer. The mere status of studying for a PhD seems to be enough of an occupation for it to be considered a viable life decision, yet for master’s students, that same level of respect is not granted.

Despite knowing my master’s study is a path I must take for my desired career field; I always analyse my decision of staying at the same university while my friends have moved onto new ventures - am I clinging to my comfort zone to avoid confronting the realities of the adult world? There is a common narrative that academics adopt with comfort zones, which is normally the idea that you can’t grow within your comfort zone. While I already feel outside of my comfort zone in my liminal space between undergraduate and ‘real’

academic, I also feel like others are perceiving me as incapable of growth by staying in the safe bubble of a university I know and love.

Consequently, obtaining funding for master’s study is, at best, a struggle and, at worst, an impossibility. Being from the Channel Island, Jersey, I do not have access to student loans, so I am dependent on grants and scholarships. I cannot even tell you the number of weeks I spent dedicating to completing endless paperwork, attending many interviews, and giving lots of presentations in order to have funding. It’s draining having to justify your area of study as worthy of not just funding, but respectespecially for those of us in the arts. Trying to convince a bunch of suits that their money is well spent on me reading old dusty books felt like an uphill battle

given the perception of my field of study.

Notwithstanding my conflict with imposter syndrome and funding, there is nowhere else I’d rather be. The pressure is certainly present; the reading lists and essays only get longer and the silence of the postgraduate section of the library gets lonelier. There is an air of seriousness around postgraduate education – but it is actually fun. I am part of a close-knit community of students and academics who share my passion for medieval and early modern literature, allowing me to forge incredible friendships and get me one step closer to my dream job in academia.

because someone else could see how I felt inside, without me having to alter myself for society.

Over the next few months, I began to question why I was putting up with all the invasive questions surrounding my sexuality. I have been out for seven years and still my family ask me every Christmas, “Are you still bisexual?” as if being in a heterosexual relationship would change that. However, I attended Norwich Pride over the summer - I didn’t dress a particular way for the occasion, but when I wrapped a bisexual flag over my shoulder, I was greeted with nothing but celebration and acceptance. I guess that was a reminder to me that, at the end of the day it doesn’t matter what people may expect from you, but what you expect from yourself. I’m proud of my sexuality and liking who I want to like, labelled or not that should always be our priority within the queer community.

As a student who experienced three years of an undergraduate degree plagued by Covid, it is a palpable relief and joy to be sat around a table again with other students and I am immensely privileged to be spending another year at an institution I love in a city I adore, surrounded by wonderful people.

“It doesn’t matter what people may expect from you, but what you expect from yourself.”

Photo: Prakrita Rahman

“Take a chill pill”: Antidepressants

Lily Boag Features Writer

TW: mentions of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, binge-eating.

I first started taking my antidepressants over a year ago. Since the age of 14, I’ve suffered with clinical depression and anxiety, which meant having to battle my own mind every day, as well as having difficulties with selfharm, suicidal thoughts, bingeeating, and body dysmorphia.

I put off seeing a GP for several years because I was afraid that once someone on the outside knew I was struggling, it would be like the worst reality check imaginable.

I was worried that my mental health wouldn’t be taken seriously and that I would offer myself up like an open book, only for the pages to be skimmed and slammed shut. I thought it would give those intrusive, negative thoughts in my mind more power. The thoughts telling me that I was truly alone and undeserving of anyone’s time or attention.

At the end of my second year of university, during the pandemic, I was facing a rapid mental health crisis, spiralling far beyond the depths I ever thought I could. Cut

to two months later, my mind and body had completely shut down, numb and unresponsive. Dragging myself out of bed was a feat akin to reaching the summit of Everest. I didn’t want to be here anymore. Unfortunately, it took time to find a doctor who would actually listen to me and not tell me to “take a bath” or “drink a cup of tea” to cheer up.

My medication has helped ground my mind and motivate my body. Sometimes I resent my antidepressants, a reminder of the times in my life I want to forget. Occasionally I look over at them and flinch. I turn myself

inside out with bitter tears of selfreproach when I think about the fact, I have to be medicated to feel somewhat normal. I resent that my antidepressants are the first thing I think of in the morning, a reminder on my todo list: swallow some serotonin. But, without my antidepressants, I probably wouldn’t be here today. I’m thankful that something as small and insignificant as a pill can pull my mind out of the gutter.

Life is its own hard pill to swallow, but don’t be ashamed of being on antidepressants. Even if you’re even remotely considering going

on them: talk to a doctor that will listen, there’s no harm in trying, especially if it saves your life.

What I wish I knew as a fresher

Eve Attwood Features Writer

Going into second year, I can’t help but feel a mixture

of nostalgia and relief at seeing the mass of freshers descend onto campus.

On the one hand, I miss the excitement of being a fresher, how new everything was, and on the other hand, I am so grateful that I’m settled at university, no longer constantly wondering which building is which or how I’m going to make any friends. I’ve learned a lot about myself and university in the past year. So, I dedicate this to my former fresher self, and to anyone who needs to hear this.

No, you’re not going to be a loner for your entire university experience. Yes, you’re an awkward introvert, but so are most people, you’re going to be fine. You will make friends, some who share your interests, and others who don’t. You’re very lucky if you are in a flat filled with friendly people, so

cherish it. The truth is, not everyone you live with is going to be your best friend, they might leave the kitchen in a state or play their music too loud, but just rant about it to people you don’t live with to avoid tension. Make friends with your cleaner, a little kindness goes a long way, and for all the work they do, they deserve more recognition. Don’t forget you have a phone, so call your family when you need to rant or have a cry.

You’ll agree to nights out, despite the nerves, and nine times out of ten, you’ll end up having a great time. The music at A List will be terrible, but the memories you’ll make are so worth it. Don’t spend £5 on chips from the van outside the LCR, get a Maccies instead.

Try to steer clear of doing anything but a snack run in the campus shop unless you want to go bankrupt - go to Aldi or do an online shop from Asda. Circuit Laundry is about to become the bane of your life, both financially and mentally, don’t take washing machines in second year for granted! Only do a wash when you’ve only got a few clean pieces of clothing left otherwise it’s a waste of time and energy. It’s also a good idea to go to the laundrette either really early or late at night, otherwise it’ll feel like the Hunger Games trying to find a (working) machine.

The floor system at UEA is going to give you a headache, but I promise once you figure it out, it’s not that complicated: 0 is the ground floor, if a floor number has a 0 before it, it’s below ground floor, 1,2

and so on is above. 01 will probably be your favourite library floor. Study hard, but don’t overdo it. You’re in first year, you really don’t need to be stressing yourself out.

Join as many things as you can, either a club or society. You might end up not liking them, but either way, you’re going to meet new people. Some of the best people you’ll meet will be from events you had no intention of attending in the first place.

You will get lonely some

days, and long to be back home and you’ll feel like you’re the only one, but you’re not alone. Sleep literally whenever you can, because you won’t be able to do so in your final year. For the love of God, drink some water after a night out, and generally. University is the start of something great, so let yourself enjoy it. It goes by so much quicker than you’d expect. Most importantly, do not put pressure on yourself, it’s your life.

Photo: Prakrita Rahman

“Most importantly, do not put pressure on yourself.”

“I dedicate this to my former fresher self, and to anyone who needs to hear this.”

Photo: Prakrita Rahman

Mutual escalation:

The new phase of the Russia-Ukraine war

Leo Henry Comment Writer

One does not have to be a general to say with some confidence Russia’s ‘special military operation’ has not gone according to plan. Ukraine still stands, more committed than ever, to expelling the invaders. Despite the economic backlash, Ukraine’s allies remain firmly committed to containing Russia’s expansion, and continue to supply Ukraine with military equipment more sophisticated than anything Russia can respond with. All Russia tangibly has to show for seven months of fighting is a nuclear power plant full of holes, a few out-of-favour ministers dispatched through fourth-floor windows, and up to 80,000 dead, wounded, captured,

or deserted, which is around the same number of standing fulltime personnel in the British Army. In other words, Russia has largely failed to alter the strategic balance of power from the prewar situation in their favour, and in several areas have left themselves considerably worse off in virtually every military measurement of success.

Regardless of this, it is easy to forget there remains real danger. Just take a look for instance, at the ‘referendums’ in occupied Ukraine or the partial mobilisation of troops in Russia. The news cycle and Western media seem content to facilitate the image of Russia as a paper tiger, and if we are being honest, many other news stories have arisen in the last couple of weeks, causing our lack of scrutiny. But we are entering a new stage in

the conflict, one initiated by Putin’s recent actions, defined by mutual escalation. It is true Russia’s performance has gone some ways to dispel the image of Russia as a Red Dawn-esque military power, but this will have only increased the desire and desperation for final victory. All players are now engaged in a deadly game of high stakes geopolitics, where no side can accept defeat. At this stage, Putin is aware there is no way to force a resolution to the conflict in his favour. Annexing territory and introducing a partial mobilisation thus leaves him in a stronger position whilst also raising the stakes considerably. Politically, he is moving onto shakier and shakier ground as support for the war is undermined, and Russian conscripts flee the country and resist being

sent to die in Ukraine. Anything other than victory would be catastrophic for his regime. But the same could almost be said

for President Biden approaching the midterms, or Liz Truss, desperately looking for a second chance at a first impression as Prime Minister, both nations having sunk vast quantities of money and munitions into the conflict. Ukraine, meanwhile, have shown they won’t just throw the kitchen sink at the

Russians – they’ll pull out the pipes and use them as makeshift clubs if it means kicking the invaders out of their country. So who will back down? Defeat is an existential threat to Zelensky and Putin. As for the West, due to reasons of strategy, morality, and popular opinion, they are unable to extradite themselves, and so must walk an increasingly thinning line between supporting Ukraine and attacking Russia. Every Russian setback will stoke further escalation from Putin, just as every Russian victory will stoke further escalation from Biden, Truss, Scholtz, and the rest. Maybe Putin’s Ukrainian ulcer will be his undoing, but ultimately all we can do is brace ourselves, ride out the storm, and hope we emerge in one piece.

Being working class at university is rarer than you think

Attwood Comments Editor

For many students, university is deemed the natural next step after sixth form. It’s mistakenly viewed as the answer to all your existential worries about the future and what career you’re going to pursue. ‘Just go to university!’ your sixth form teachers urge you, and all will be well. But it’s fair to say university is not an equal and accessible experience for everyone, even if you do manage to make it there successfully.

The working-class experience at university is one I rarely hear people talk about, and it’s arguable that this is due to the fact the majority of people who study at university are middle-

class. I’m not assassinating anyone for being middle class or saying you’re a massive Tory because you can afford certain accommodation or to get takeaways every night of the week. I’m saying there are elements of student life that are massively inaccessible for the working-class student. Elements which are often seen to characterise the “proper uni experience”, which if students can’t participate in, they can become isolated.

According to the Natwest Student Living Index (2022), parents/personal revenue have gained importance in financing student lives this year. Less than 1 in 5 students rely on their own income to pay for their rent. But what about the students whose parents can’t afford to fund this? Working-

class students are more likely to work a part-time or even full-time job whilst juggling academic work and a social life. As a result of having to work excessive hours to stay afloat financially, workingclass students are also more likely to miss lectures or seminars, therefore falling behind academically. This then leads to stress and anxiety, affecting their overall mental health negatively.

The cost of joining societies and sports clubs can lead to further social exclusion for working-class students. For instance, at UEA, the majority of sports club memberships range from £20-£25, with others costing anywhere from £35-£95. This is accompanied by the added fee of £55 for a UEA Sport membership. Even

if you have arrived at UEA with a sports scholarship, this makes sports clubs some of the most inaccessible for lowerincome students to join.

Many memories are also made on nights out, whether that be at the LCR or another bar or club. For working-class students, it is harder to attend as many of these events or to fully enjoy them, knowing the cost of alcohol, food and transport. These are things many students take for granted and enjoy freely, without worrying they are going to be without money for food the next day.

In a 2021 study by Diana Reay, nine working-class students were interviewed. They speak of ‘feelings of inferiority, lack of belonging, deficit and

discomfort’, of never feeling good enough in comparison to their middle-and upperclass peers who appeared ‘more intelligent and socially accomplished’. In recent years, many Northern students have also spoken up about discrimination based on their accents and home location. This has especially been a problem at universities where a high proportion of students come from privileged backgrounds.

Working-class students will only be able to call university home when institutions modernise. There must be more recognition for the working-class experience reflected in how universities are run. Otherwise, it will only ever be an environment where the middle-and upper-classes can thrive.

Eve

“Ukraine[...] have shown they won’t just throw the kitchen sink at the Russians - they’ll pull out the pipes and use them as makeshift clubs [...]”

Unsplash Unsplash

Was the media coverage of the Queen’s death excessive?

Sienna Norris Comment Writer

From September 8th-19th, Britain was hypnotised by the media coverage of Queen Elizabeth II’s death. In a recent questionnaire, it was found just under half of viewers thought the media coverage was excessive, especially that of the State Funeral, and I agree. Ten days of hearing the same stories about the Queen repeatedly almost drove me to insanity.

I’m not going to let my personal opinions about the British monarchy dictate my view on the Queen’s funeral, and I completely appreciate that everyone has their own take on the royal family. However, you can’t deny the sheer exploitation from the media in light of the Queen’s death.

Let’s start with the coffin, which was paraded through London and

displayed for people to gawk at. I am aware there is protocol when it comes to a royal’s death, but after the first few days, I began to feel like this ‘mourning’ was just an excuse for media outlets to make money. I’m not a royalist

by any means, but watching King Charles address the nation hours after his mother’s death made me reflect upon the choices of the British media.

Moreover, the coverage of the Queen’s death took focus

away from the UK’s economic crisis. The whole ordeal cost £5 million – that’s enough money to significantly decrease the cost-of-living crisis. While we’re on the topic, Big Ben’s refurbishment cost well over £80 million. I get that people want to celebrate patriotism, but so many of our problems could be solved if it weren’t for these over-the-top spectacles Britain makes. The media redirecting their attention to the Queen’s death allowed people to ignore very real problems we’re facing as a country. To me, it felt like a calculated distraction from reality.

Not only was there a sense of ignorance from the UK media, but all over the world. Powerful countries like ours tend to rush to report world events that are unimaginable, before quickly

brushing them under the rug. Since the Queen’s funeral, I haven’t seen anything in the media about her death, even though the country came to a stand still for those ten days. And in the midst of the spectacle, where was

their hijabs the supposed wrong way? What about the irreversible effects of climate change which have resulted in fatal weather conditions? Why do we as a society deem someone of status dying as more important than an ordinary person?

the coverage on the lives being stolen in Ukraine? This country tends to take an ‘ignorance is bliss’ approach. Why is there not more light being shed on the Iranian women protesting against being murdered for wearing

It’s hard to tiptoe around this kind of subject without angering fans of the Royal family. The problem isn’t Queen Elizabeth II, it’s the media and its obsession with not just the Royals, but anyone remotely famous. I’m not saying there shouldn’t have been a funeral for the Queen – she was England’s head of state for almost three quarters of a century. But was there no other way we could have given her a less excessive send off, or perhaps a way to dedicate part of the news to the Queen and the rest to more significant world events?

Is BeReal a performance of authenticity?

Attwood Comments Editor

When Instagram launched in 2010, its popularity relied on users’ ability to post candid photos to friends or family of what they were up to. Users posted unretouched snaps, thought less about how their feeds would appear, and were unbothered by follower counts.

Over time however, Instagram and the world of social media began to evolve, with a heavier focus on ‘influencer’ culture and paid advertisements. Celebrities and influencers began profiting off of paid advertisements for companies selling energy drinks, diet supplements, makeup and skinny teas. Influencers became

vital marketing devices for which brands could promote themselves with ease. In recent years though, this has faced backlash. For instance, Joe Lycett poked fun at Olympic swimmer Tom Daley in his stand-up for having been paid to advertise Barclays on a post about LGBTQ+ Pride. The world of Instagram became commercial, and as a result, its content became devoid of authenticity.

However, since the pandemic, there has been a shift in the content we are seeking to consume online. Gen Z in particular are leaning more towards an ‘antiInstagram’ approach with ‘photo dumps’ of unfiltered pictures which prioritise genuinity over perfection. It’s this shift which

catapulted the app BeReal to popularity in the last year. Founded by Alexis Barreyat and Kévin Perreau, the BeReal experience involves taking a photo daily after the app sends you a notification. You then have two minutes to take a ‘two-way photo using [the] phones’ frontand-rear-facing cameras’. Your friends’ posts are only accessible once you have posted your own daily photo. The app even reveals how late photos have been taken and how many times a photo has been retaken before the final one is posted.

As a result, many have gone on to claim that BeReal is a more authentic alternative to platforms such as Instagram, which as Hawley argues, often

‘encourage[s] dishonesty and, in so doing, degrade[s] our social and emotional health’. But despite the lack of filters available to BeReal users, I struggle to see how it is so different from Instagram. Users on BeReal are still able to stage photos without the aid of filters, skin retouching or ring lights. How many users have for instance rushed to change their outfit, stood posed with a friend or family member, or hidden the messy corner of their room once their BeReal notification has gone off? How many users have put off answering their BeReal notification until they are doing something eventful later in the day? BeReal is not revolutionary – it is simply another form of digital deception.

Our problem is perhaps that we are seeking authenticity in the wrong places. Everyone will always present a different version of themselves on social media. It will never truly represent reality because it can’t, and it wasn’t built to.

The easiest way perhaps to form a healthy relationship with social media or to interact with a more genuine version of ourselves is to simply use these online platforms less. Log off occasionally, go read a book, go for a walk, watch a film, talk to a friend. Stop remedying every moment with boredom by scrolling. You don’t need to post online for people to know you’re alive. You can just be.

Eve

“To me, it felt like a calculated distraction from reality.”

“And in the midst of the spectacle, where was the coverage on the lives being stolen in Ukraine?”

Unsplash

Climate Change Corner: Protesting for the Planet

George Barsted Science Editor

A recent YouGov poll suggested that the majority of the British public believes the government is not doing enough in the fight against climate change. What should be effectively a nonpartisan issue, the defence of the very planet we live on is becoming increasingly politicised. However, even those who argue that not enough is being done remain critical of protest movements for the planet. What can be done to improve the reputation of these sorts of groups, and why are they so divisive in the first place?

Groups like Extinction Rebellion, Just Stop Oil, or Insulate Britain have moved into the public eye. They’ve glued themselves to roads, defaced artwork and just this week attempted to selfimmolate during a tennis match at the O2 arena. These groups believe direct action is necessary and are willing to face not just public scorn, but criminal charges and physical pain to make their point. Polls suggest these groups largely lack public support and are seen increasingly negatively with allegations of eco-extremism and militant manoeuvres. Why is it that action on climate change can garner so much public support but those

taking direct action are seen so negatively in the public eye?

Climate activism in the UK has largely been derided by the mainstream media, it conjures up images of grubby fringe groups, chaining themselves to fences and espousing the value of healing crystals. But groups like Just Stop Oil have a different problem entirely. They are not triggering a wave of vicarious embarrassment across the country like the previous generation of activists.

Mention Extinction Rebellion to the average person on the street and they solely view them as a nuisance deserving of the rage from the public.

Extinction Rebellion and its offshoots have been criticised before, they’re too white, too middle-class, and too dramatic.

Climate change is likely to impact the poorest in society, the working classes who are the great backbone of the country. And when roads are blocked and people can’t get to work, or their kids to school the palpable anger is justified. Why should Extinction Rebellion, whose average member is a highlyeducated, middle-class person from the south of England dictate the ability of the working classes to put food on the table?

This is the stumbling block climate protestors often fall into. Earlier

this year, the centre of London was placed at a standstill as ecoactivists took to the streets. This was not a regular form of protest, instead of marches and slogans being shouted, the rally featured interpretive dance pieces, protest puppetry and guerilla gardening. It’s hard to take these actions seriously and is easy to mock. Climate activism, like any social movement, to be successful needs to be a broad church.

As much as it may feel alien to those in power in these groups, people from across the political spectrum need to be involved, which includes those who may be opposed to the idea of any form of change.

The actress, Emma Thompson, in 2019 flew first class all the way from Los Angeles to London to attend an Extinction Rebellion protest. 24 hours later she flew back again, after bemoaning the existence of the fossil fuel economy. It’s actions like this that can turn potential supporters into enraged masses. The preaching of one rule for the plebs and another for the elites are likely to turn off potential supporters to a critical issue.

If eco-activists want to be more successful and bring around more meaningful change and a broader coalition of voices, change in their ways is needed. The first step to reducing public division over

these movements would be to focus on the disruption of major polluters and those in charge of environmental policy. Focussing the protests at headquarters of major UK polluters, EasyJet, Shell, BP and any investment funds who help to bankroll them would be a good start. Protests at 10 Downing Street and the House of Commons, would likely draw far more positive attention than current attempts of blocking commuters and disrupting small businesses.

To bring more support to the movement that is so crucial to the future of the planet, it is immensely important to bring as many people together as possible. This probably, for groups like

Extinction Rebellion would mean dropping the puppetry, performance art, and slam poetry. It would be good for them to change their message, instead of disrupting, focus on how climate change is going to impact the masses. Focus on how those who are responsible for the largest amounts of pollution are not just ordinary people, but billionaires and heads of government. The fight to halt climate change is one we should all be passionate about, but it’s up to these protest groups to make sure they don’t alienate anyone for one of the most important issues in our lifetimes.

Fracked off: Liz Truss lifts the ban on fracking

Libby Hargreaves Editor-in-Chief

There is one key policy change I’ve had my eye on amongst the various U-turns and political missteps in the initial few weeks of Truss’ newly formed government, and that is the lift on the ban on fracking.

Before we dive into the consequences of this change, let’s go back to basics- what is fracking?

Fracking, short for hydraulic fracturing, is the extraction of gas and oil from shale rock. A mix of water, sand and various chemicals is drilled into the earth at a high-pressure to release the gas inside the rock. Prior to 2019, the practice was legal, however the pressure can cause tremors in the earth’s surface; most notably the Cuadrilla site in Blackpool had recorded over 120 of these tremors.

After increasing concerns from local residents and the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA), gov. uk released a statement at the time, announcing the practice would be banned; “Ministers took the decision on the basis of a report by the OGA, which found that it is not currently possible to accurately predict the probability or magnitude of earthquakes linked to fracking operations.”

In an interview with BBC Radio Lancashire, the PM was asked “We are the only area of the country that has done it, and it caused earthquakes, people’s houses shook. Why do you think it is safe to continue, because none of the science has changed?” Her response ensured they “will only press ahead with fracking in areas where there is local community support for that...the business secretary will make sure that any fracking that takes place is safe.”

As yet, there are no details about how local consent would be given or the scale of the project.

Tuss’ lift on this ban has angered many, but has also renewed the climate conversation around alternative energy sources; do we need fracking to generate energy? Would it ease our reliance on precarious international sources? Prime Minister Truss herself has claimed fracking would “get gas flowing in as soon as six months”, dangling it as a beacon of hope amid the energy crisis. Her business secretary, Jacob Rees-Mogg, went as far as to say he would allow fracking in “his back-garden” following protests in his constituency.

The reality is recent polls suggest a mere 17% of people support fracking, in comparison with other energy sources such as renewables including solarwhich 90% support. The need, in terms of climate, for fracking

also is not scientifically or economically supported; UK Oil and Onshore Gas projects just 4.7% of national gas demand to be met by fracking by 2027. Not only do we need sustainable energy sources to become national infrastructure right now, not in five years, if we are to positively change our climate impact but also this small fraction has not been publicly priced up; we are completely unaware of any specifics as to the costs to the country.

In regard to the increase in energy prices, advocates for fracking also pose it as a solution to produce more energy on home soil. However, the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC) explained “The UK cannot address this crisis solely by increasing its production of natural gas…Our gas reserves- offshore or from shale- are too small to impact meaningfully the prices faced by UK consumers.” As a result, the government has been keen to pose the plans as a way to ensure future energy security, as opposed to a short-term costsaving solution.

Whatever your views on fracking, it is clear this government has divided views on their future plans- in the meantime, they can expect more protests and questions surrounding financing and local community impact.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

“we need sustainable energy sources to become national infrastructure”

Bizarre Science: NASA’s Asteroid Target Practise

Louise Collins Venue Editor

We’ve all seen films about what would happen if an asteroid hit the Earth, with shots of NASA scientists franticly typing in codes or shouting down the phone. Or, we’ve seen postapocalyptic films where the world is coping with disaster.

It’s a common theme in action, mainly because it’s a threat that is quite possible. After all, it’s how the dinosaurs were wiped out. So, whilst the charted asteroids on an extinction level may not be on course for Earth, NASA are trying to figure out ways to prevent us from regional destruction from currently undetected objects.

In the world of the movies, they use missiles and nuclear weaponry, or we have a noble astronaut sacrificing their life for the greater good. In reality, it’s a lot less intense, but it’s not any less interesting.

In November 2021, the DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) was launched from Earth, with the impact date set for

the 26th September. The plan was to crash the probe into an asteroid’s moon to see if they could alter the trajectory of the rock, just enough to mean a hypothetical asteroid would miss the Earth. The rock in question was called Dimorphos, which was around 163 metres wide (that makes it taller than the Statue of Liberty and just over half the size of the Eiffel Tower, and it’s currently orbiting Didymos, a 780 metre wide rock.

would help them chart paths and programmes for future issues. The predictions suggest a 1% orbit decrease– about ten minutes– but only time will tell.

So, did it seem worth it?

The cost of the mission was a whopping $325 million, but is there a price cap on potentially saving our planet?

Whilst it could be up to two months before NASA know if Dimorphos has been knocked off its course, and will likely only have the full detailed report four years from now, it is clear that they’re optimistic.

The DART made for a successful mission, deflecting the moving rock via collision – a technique known as kinetic impact. At present, scientists are monitoring Dimorphos to see how much it has been deflected off course, which

For now, all we have are two incredible images of the impact– taken from the James Webb and the Hubble telescopes– combined into some fascinating animations of the collision. What can be said, however, is that it was the first step in moving a giant moving entity, and so far, they’re calling it a success.

UEA Breakthrough in Prostate Cancer Research

Mariam Jallow Science Writer

Researchers within the Norwich Research Park have made another ground-breaking discovery into their exploration of the causes behind prostate cancer.

Earlier this year, scientists from the University of East Anglia, Earlham and Quadram Institutes alongside other collaborators across the nation identified five species of bacteria, some of them newly discovered, linked to aggressive forms of prostate cancer.

Research published this September focuses less on the microbiome of the prostate, but rather on the actual cellular environment of the organ– that is, the relationship between cancerous and noncancerous prostate cells and tissue.

Can these “normal” cells be influenced by mutant ones, and if so, how? Lead researcher Daniel Brewer of UEA’s Norwich Medical School, and part of the team responsible for the bacteria discovery, explains the crux of the study by stating: “Often, when men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, groups of cancer cells can be found

in more than one location within the prostate.”

“We wanted to know if this is because of changes in ‘normal’ prostate cells throughout the prostate.”

To find this out, the scientists carried out whole genome sequencing on multiple samples taken from 37 men, a mixture of which were with and without prostate cancer.

These samples were taken from tumours as well as cells elsewhere in the prostate, distanced from the cancer site. After comparing the results, what was found supported the idea of “field cancerisation” in the prostate.

Field cancerisation in this context, also known as the field effect, refers to the process by which normal cells undergo genetic and cellular changes because of long-standing damage nearby, such as cancer, which may result in mutations.

Based on the genetics analysed it was found that in most men the “normal cell” mutations were different from those found in cancerous cells. Furthermore, the normal prostate cells of men with cancer appeared to provide

a beneficial environment for cancerous growth.

Professor Brewer goes on to explain: “In other words, the whole prostate is primed and ready to develop prostate cancer driven by an as yet unknown, biological process.”

The effects of the research in terms of future prostate cancer treatments are potentially far-reaching and game-changing.

Understanding of the whole prostate, rather than just isolated tumours and cancerous cells, playing a role in advancing the condition may help researchers develop more effective, targeted treatments and understand how the disease develops in its early stages.

“potentially far-reaching and gamechanging.”

Photo: Unsplash

“ The rock... is taller than the Statue of Liberty”

Photo: Unsplash

Travel & lifesT yle

America's public transport: a student friendly option?

Jess Blissitt Travel and Lifestyle Writer

The US isn’t exactly famous for its public transport. As fellow travel enthusiasts, I’m sure we’ve all heard of Route 66 stretching across the span of America, touring the bigger sights from the Rockies to the Grand Canyon. Still, for students wanting to travel around America this could wrack up a hefty price.

Hiring a car in America can cost up to £75/day and you can usually only rent a car from 25, or in some cases 21. That’s suggesting you can even drive, when most driving lessons ground to a halt in March 2020. Now, for most European countries this probably wouldn’t even be a problem. However, in America many tourist websites and TripAdvisor continue to push the idea you must travel by car if you want to see enough of America in as little time as possible. With those long, large roads and hardly any roundabouts, they have a point. But is there a better option? I think so.

Last May, I had just completed my semester abroad in Philadelphia and had just over a week between my lease ending and my flight back to England. I took this time as an opportunity to travel to six different states around the East Coast before finally heading

home, and I didn’t drive a car once.

Monday morning, I flew out to Miami from Philadelphia, which cost me about $30 for a single, where I spent two nights in a hostel. After that, I took a bus to Orlando to visit Universal Studios for a day. That cost me $11. After some sightseeing, I headed up to Savannah, GA and spent two days there. Savannah was easily the most beautiful place I visit in America, surpassing New York or even San Francisco. Then, I headed up to Charleston, SC via train and finally Charlotte, NC.

After sightseeing in Charlotte, I then embarked on a thirteen-hour bus ride to New York. Overall, I spent less than $20 (£18) on each bus ride, so I spent just under $100 (£89) to travel 1283

miles. That works out at 8 cents per mile. Considering it would cost $180 (£161) in current gas prices to travel from Miami to New York, this was considerably cheaper and student friendly.

However, is this budget option for everyone? Absolutely not. I had my laptop with me and at least 10 films downloaded onto it, but I couldn’t simply ignore everyone else around me, especially when I was trying to sleep. Although I travelled through 9 states, I only got to visit 5 of them. The journey was time consuming, and the buses were often late. It’s not surprising that people favour cars in the states.

But I did meet some amazing people on my sleep deprived journey, and I still got to see loads of the East Coast with a minimal budget. If you want an easy albeit expensive route where everything goes to plan, take the trains. But if you want to meet people like Shuri - a graduate arts student with an obsession with A Bug’s Life, or Ron - a war veteran seeingthe last of his country before heading home to make unleavened bread with his ma in New York, then take the bus. Those slightly terrifying characters I met, make some of my favourite stories complete.

Small actions, big difference: How will you combat climate disillusionment?

Emily Erith Travel and Lifestyle Writer

It’s easy to feel helpless in the face of rapid climate change. COP26 was a conference that held so much promise and so much press. It was an event that occupied the news channels every day, for a while at least, but unfortunately, it seems a long time ago. Broken promises and long-term goals fester overwhelming feelings of frustration

and exasperation. To truly consider the damage already caused to this planet is frankly too much for many. As Liz Truss threatens to reintroduce fracking, to deal with the cost of living crisis, it can feel as though no progress is being made at all, or worse we’re going backwards.

So how do we progress on a small scale at least? Around two years ago I began to feel completely disconnected from city life at UEA. Lockdown had taken hold and I was living, working, or simply

existing in my family home, located in a small rural village. Like many, I took the opportunity to go for walks and found to my surprise, rubbish! And not just a small amount, loads! For months I complained to family and friends until last June I finally purchased a litter pick out of sheer frustration, and concern for the wildlife living in my village (a problem that seems to also exist in most villages, towns, and cities).

Surfers Against Sewage are campaigning on behalf of the same concerns as mine, as they run the campaign Citizen Science - The Million Mile Clean, “the UK’s biggest coordinated clean event, with over 3,796 volunteers participating in 563 cleans across 13,047 miles in a year”. The clean-up covers areas of woodland, beaches, streets and more and aims to not only collect rubbish but find out who the ‘dirty dozen’ is, a term referring to the brands which produce the most rubbish found.

This year the most packaging found dumped in the UK was from CocaCola, PepsiCo, and McDonald’s. Their results do not surprise me, as I found my village to be a microcosm of these findings. I simply could not and still cannot understand why people can’t simply take their rubbish home.

quality, and wildlife in the area you are volunteering in, you’re making a connection with the place. You notice things you didn’t before, and you appreciate driving or walking past again knowing you improved it. But the litter pick does more, both Leona and I agree that it’s brought us closer together, as in those two hours there’s no distraction, except for the traffic! It became a therapy session of sorts, a time we could discuss all our worries, normally summatives or work, and feel much better when we’d finished.

The frustration we both felt gradually melted away as we saw our village improve before our eyes. We also connected with our community in a way that we’d never done before, as neighbours and villagers praised us for our actions and voiced how they should also play their part in our small revolution.

Thus, 15 months ago the journey began and I’ve litter picked ever since, alone, with my mum, or with my friend Leona. It’s easy and enjoyable but most importantly always rewarding, as after just 2 hours work, I have never collected less than 2 bin bags full. On one occasion we collected 4 buckets worth of rubbish - that day was particularly worrying.

However, with time you soon realise the extra benefits. Not only are you improving the appearance, water

If I had to give any advice to anyone else feeling frustrated about the climate crisis I would simply say to get involved and do something practical in whatever form that may take. And if you choose to litter pick it’s a great way to gain friends, or be better friends, interact with the community and properly tune in to nature. It might seem small and irrelevant but to you, your community, both human and animal, it WILL make a big difference.

"Those slightly terrifying characters I met make some of my favourite stories complete"

"The frustration we both felt gradually melted away as we saw our village improve before our eyes"

Photo: Concrete, Jess Blissitt

Photo: Unsplash

concrete-online.co.uk/category/travel/

Problematic greenwashing takes off: an insight into the environmental impacts of the flight industry

Ray Khawaja Venue Deputy Editor

Million-dollar companies are desperate for the opportunity to look ‘greener’ towards the public. We all know that climate change is an increasingly real concern, and it seems as though airlines are damaging the trust of customers by greenwashing. This is a term coined to explain the false claims made by a company that are purposefully trying to give the appearance of being more environmentally conscious without making any

produce, such as CO2 and nitrous oxides, stay up in the atmosphere and enhance the greenhouse effect. This effect is where UV rays from the sun reflected off the surface of the earth are unable to escape the atmosphere due to the layer of emissions, and instead remain in the atmosphere, making our world hotter and hotter.

Airlines such as KLM, Ryanair, and our most popular orange budget airline EasyJet mainly rely upon ineffective methods to cut emissions, and there have been some doubts over their commitment.

According to a report by Observatories RSE commissioned by Greenpeace, if Europe’s largest airlines were to even begin to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, they’d have to reduce at least 2% of their flights by 2040. The promise to be completely carbon neutral seems absurd.

safe, and easy to use.

Low-cost flights (made by budget airlines) make travel a lot more easily accessible for those of low income (this can include you lovely students as well), granting them more opportunities and reducing class inequality, as at times socio economic status is forgotten discussing the environmental crisis. Some people are unable to afford the greener options.

Some argue that in some areas of air travel, where “green” alternatives aren’t so straightforward, airlines should be forced to show they are doing something and announce their commitments, but this can be incredibly dangerous. Professor Setzer, an assistant professor of climate law at the London School of Economics states “with greenwashing, it’s relatively easy and cheap to bring, but it’s also a case where you can address the advertising as well as the

communications around net-zero commitments”.

The most common alternative to plane travel is via train. But this limits on the places you can travel though as it mainly works for neighbouring counties. If you’re taking the train, you’ll emit six times less greenhouse gasses compared to a plane.

The growing impact of climate change is something inescapable, and it relies upon these airline companies to make an active change, no matter how little. It’s frustrating to see it as a marketing strategy as subsidies from fuel taxes give these airline industries unfair advantages. Customers are unaware of the environmental costs due to the distraction of the low prices, and this is becoming increasingly problematic.

sustainable efforts.

The issue with flight emissions is that the harmful gasses they

As the demand for travel keeps increasing so does air milage. Air travel is one of the quickest ways to get to the place you’re wanting to be. It’s an ideal means of transport that is more than likely comfortable,

Reflections on youth

Eve O'Donoghue Travel and Lifestyle Writer

An old hotel was my home for the summer. Stationed on one of Jersey’s most beautiful bays beside a Nazi watchtower, history surrounds any visitor to the island. The hotel itself had been repurposed again and again, conforming to the historical period of the island with each refurbishment.

As a receptionist, I was expected to confidently recall this history to any guest who asked, despite being a tourist myself. My bedroom was in the older staff blocks. I was very aware of the other bodies who had passed through and made their home there for a couple of months.

quickly learned that age means little in terms of company in such a remote place. Two of my drinking partners were the chef, in his thirties, and the sixtyyear-old maintenance man. They could have a laugh and liked a drink as much as I did. They weren’t ‘good’ people, if there is such a thing: they made lewd comments about women and were totally immoral and a-political (in a way that is, of course, completely political). But these things had to be forgiven to avoid the loneliness of my ancient room.

My time in Jersey forced me to confront the value of my youth. More than money, more than experience, and more than intelligence, having time ahead of you – pure potential – is a currency for which all other things are ultimately exchanged. Though completely intangible, time and youth are qualities possessed like any other.

The chef and the maintenance man would talk about the things they ‘had done’ that got them to that point in their life and the things I ‘should do’ with the rest of mine. They seemed excited by this possession of mine, and, in a darker light, there was also an apparent envy, when they would dismiss me or patronise my excitement for something in that future.

from our conversations. I never heard why, how or when she ended up on the island. I didn’t know if she was married or had been married or if she had family there. After her swim, she

At 21, I was younger than much of the staff by a significant amount, but

Another unlikely friend I made was Anne, not a staff member but a regular at the spa. She was about seventy years old and was Irish like myself, but from a Protestant background, I had gleaned

Tom Green, a climate policy analyst who is constantly searching for ways to better the planet says, “Think twice before you grab that great flight deal for a weekend away in the sun. It’s not so great when you think about the emission that will continue to warm the planet for centuries”.

became occupied by a guest, and so she turned to me to tell me about her last trip, a few years back, to Italy. Through more of these chats, she took a shine to me, and we began to talk regularly.

An Irish habit, Anne would say goodbye five times before the end of a conversation.

“Well, I’ll be off,” she said, “I have a funeral to get to. It’s all funerals now.”

I empathised, unsure of what to say. “That’s really difficult,” I offered, meekly.

“And, you know, I’m too afraid to travel now. You know, at my age it’s more difficult to travel.”

I empathised again, careful not to disagree or offer superficial assurance.

“Have you read Mark Twain?” she asked. I said I had not in all honesty.

“I received a postcard from a friend a few years ago with a quote from Mark Twain on it and I always keep it with me. It says, ‘Though I leave no forwarding address, I may still walk among you.’”

I sat with the grim sentiment.

She repeated, “Though I leave no forwarding address, I may still walk among you.”

“Well, I’ll be off. I have a funeral to get to.”

"Customers are unaware of the environmental costs due to the distraction of the low prices"

had a habit of coming to the desk for a chat with the concierge. The first one of these conversations I was included in I learned that she was well travelled and very passionate about it. The concierge

Photo: Concrete, Eve O'Donoghue

"Having time ahead of you - pure potential - is a currency for which all other things are ultimately exchanged"

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

England and Wales’ Hopes at the World Cup, Optimism or Over-Confidence?

and Jack Grealish- England aren’t exactly short of attacking midfielders.

Prediction: Knocked out in the round of 16 by the Netherlands after finishing behind Wales in Group B

The Great English Right-Back Debate continues in earnest, with Trent Alexander-Arnold the latest to receive a glowering look of disapproval from Gareth Southgate. Those of us old enough to remember the days of Glen Johnson at right-back for England may enjoy the luxury of choices available, but everyone else seems to be lining up behind their preferred full-back of choice, torches and pitchforks in hand.

The rest of the squad at least seems to be in better shape after snatching defeat from the jaws of victory against Germany in their last international match before kicking off against Iran, but as for the manager’s preferred starting XI, there is a worrying level of ambiguity.

At Euro 2020, England had the benefit of going into the knockouts with an established starting lineup, but less than two years after the defeat to Italy many of the players are looking nervously at the competition. The form of Harry Maguire and Luke Shaw will have been noted and calls for a more attacking style of play may mean Kalvin Phillips and Declan Rice will have to be sacrificed in favour of Phil Foden, Jude Bellingham, Mason Mount

Things are a bit more settled up front, Kane’s deputy remains an open question (Ivan Toney

When asked how many English players would get into the team

released by Rangers, which given the sneering from certain pundits gives the impression he may well be playing on the moon for all the respect shown to Scottish Football.

UEA Sport Leo Henry Sports Writer

Joe Allen, and Bale all playing in Wales’ last tournament back in 2016, and manager Rob Page

Defender Joe Rodon and winger Dan James are both out on loan, Kieffer Moore plays for a Bournemouth side that matched the record Premiership defeat at the start of the season and Bale, who had been a permanent fixture on the Real Madrid bench, now stars in the MLS, which has the reputation of a retirement home.

Yet based on the quality of football played and the sheer will to win, you would not guess most of these players are not playing regularly at what some pundits

anyone?) and Sterling’s record in internationals all but guarantees him a start. Jarred Bowen may be in with an outside chance, but Bukayo Saka is likely to retain his place as well give Arsenal’s domestic form.

England are now in a curious position, where nothing less than improving on recent performances in tournaments will suffice, but very few expect them to achieve it. In an ironic twist, Southgate’s new benchmark for success may well be his undoing.

of their Welsh opponents shortly before their group-stage contest in 2016, Gareth Bale smiled and said ‘none.’ Six years later, and by all traditional laws of international football, England should have a comfortable advantage over Wales when they meet.

Wayne Hennessey is the backup goalkeeper for Nottingham Forest. Neco Williams came through the ranks at Liverpool as a reserve right-back before moving to the same club. Aaron Ramsey, who was recently

would describe at the ‘top level’, which we are told again and again is necessary for international success.

So how far can they go? The spine of the squad is strong, with Hennessey, Ben Davies, Ramsey,

has merged the quality of this experienced core with talented young blood like Brennan Johnson, Ethan Ampadu, and the aforementioned Williams.

Scotland came into Euro 2020 with similar optimism and left with a solitary point, but it would be a surprise if the Welsh did not get out of the group – and from there on, who knows?

Prediction: Knocked out by France in the Quarterfinals after Karim Benzema provokes Bale into getting sent off.

Sport’s Successful Summer Against Climate Change

Dan Laughlan Sports Editor

After the UN created a new framework for sporting bodies to adhere to, this summer sports fans took over 1.7 million actions at sporting events to reduce the impact sports has on climate change.

At COP26, sporting bodies agreed to undertake systematic efforts to promote greater environmental responsibility, reduce overall climate impact, educate for climate action, promote sustainable and responsible consumption and advocate for climate action through communication. This agreement has led to a successful summer of ‘green’ sport.

1.25 million actions involved fans using reusable bottles

and cups, with 65% of fans attending golf tournament ‘The Open’ bringing their own reusable bottle, whilst 100% of fans at Rugby League’s Magic Weekend used biodegradable cups instead of single-use plastic cups.

420,000 actions were from fans who took ‘greener’ modes of transport to events, such as public transport, cycling and walking. with 70% of football’s emissions being a result of spectator travel, this is a key area to tackle.

Around 69,000 actions were a result of fans opting to eat meat-free meals. This summer follows in the footsteps from Sky’s ‘Game Zero,’ the first elite level football game to achieve net zero carbon status.

David Goldblatt, journalist

and author of ‘Playing Against the Clock’, reported sport generates more transport than most sectors and creates approximately between 0.6-0.8% of the world’s carbon emissions.

There are incentives as well for those within sport

to function as experts are already predicting that by 2050 one in four English football grounds will face flooding every year.

Golf, which is one of the biggest contributors to climate change within sport, faces one in three UK courses

becoming affected by rising sea levels. In addition, out of the 19 countries that have hosted the Winter Olympics, only ten will still be able to do so by 2050.

Meanwhile, sport in Australia could face an uncertain future as venues in Adelaide and Perth are projected to have a 60% increase in days with temperatures above 40-degrees over the coming decade, resulting in sports like rugby being virtually unplayable.

However, this latest shift in the attitude of fans is a good starting point. In many ways fans are against seeing their norm change but starting out with simple changes which do not hinder the matchgoing experience, such as reusable bottles, might just be the start of a trend that keeps growing and makes sport ‘green.’

Photo:

“Southgate’s new benchmark for success may well be his undoing”

Photo: Unsplash

Photo: Unsplash

Photo: Unsplash

More Racist Abuse Hurled at Footballers with No End in Sight

Drew Murphy Senior Sports Writer

Tottenham forward Richarlison celebrated scoring his side’s second goal against Tunisia but had a banana thrown at him during Brazil’s 5-1 victory over Tunisia in Paris.

After the game, Richarlison took to Twitter to state that these racist acts will continue “every day and everywhere” unless these acts are severely punished. The Brazilian Football Federation President, Ednaldo Rodrigues, supported Richarlison in a statement to call for “punishments to be more severe.”

But will anything serious get done, or will the same statements be made by governing bodies calling for more action and zero tolerance but with no result?

The incident is similar to the abuse black England players received when they played away in Hungary in a World Cup qualifier in September 2021. Raheem Sterling and Jude Bellingham were targeted with monkey chants and hit by objects thrown from the stands throughout the game. This led

to Hungary being ordered to play two home matches behind closed doors.

However, two months before that game, Hungary had been given a two-match “behind closed doors” order by UEFA due to racist chanting and homophobic banners. But because it was issued by UEFA and the game in September was a World Cup Qualifier, it was under FIFA’s watch, not UEFA. Therefore, the sanction did not apply. This is a prime example of how the current system does not work, and the racist and homophobic

acts keep happening.

If that was not enough, when England returned to Hungary this year to play them in the Nations League, a UEFA tournament, it was supposed to be played behind closed doors. However, the Hungarian fans exposed a loophole in the rule, allowing children under 14 years of age to attend, and allowing an adult for every ten children. Thus, roughly 32,000 children attended, with 3,000 adults in a game intended to have no one attend.

Criticisms were further raised after Hungarian fans booed the England players taking the knee, making the whole thing somewhat puzzling as the punishments sanctioned by UEFA had not worked, and more action was needed.

Social media has made it easier for people worldwide to target sports stars with racist abuse. Week in and week out, athletes highlight the barrage of racist abuse they receive in their inbox on platforms such as Instagram.

For example, Crystal Palace footballer Wilfried Zaha receives racist abuse constantly on social media and exposes the vile messages. England fast bowler Jofra Archer was encouraged by Zaha’s revelation, which made him show the abuse he was receiving daily on social media.

This is entirely unacceptable, and the fact that these platforms can allow someone to write such horrible abuse to people is insane and should be prevented immediately.

The Richarlison incident, the

abuse the England players were receiving in the stadiums, and what athletes receive online make it feel like times are not changing.

Steps must be taken to ensure that racist abuse stops for good. As former Liverpool and England winger John Barnes stated, actions like taking the knee are good, as they can highlight the issue and spread awareness. However, it cannot solve the issue, so we should be doing more to ensure things will improve. Because at the moment, it feels like there is much talk but little action in the way of change.

The Hundred vs Traditionalists: Is Cricket’s Shortest Format it’s Doom?

Drew Murphy Senior Sports Writer

The Hundred finished its second year in August, with the Oval Invincibles retaining the title for the women’s game and the Trent Rockets claiming the title for the men’s. However, the critics of The Hundred have not gone away. The seemingly endless stream of condemnation and criticism The Hundred receives for “ruining cricket” has become tedious.

The Hundred is not perfect by any means, but it is not going away no matter how often people bash it online or to their friends at the pub. Thanks to a television deal finalised before the ECB’s new chair, Richard Thompson, was elected means that the format is staying till at least 2028.

One major positive which has emerged from The Hundred has been its critical role in developing the women’s game. England’s newest star, 18-year-old Alice Capsey, claimed The Hundred has

been crucial for women’s cricket, making it more exciting and attracting many more people. As a result, this year’s Hundred broke more records, setting a new global record for total attendance at a women’s cricket competition, with record crowds at every venue. It broke the domestic attendance record twice.

A bonus of The Hundred is that it is shown on the BBC and Sky. Because it is displayed on terrestrial TV, families who cannot afford paid subscriptions for companies like Sky can still watch cricket. This has been a major problem for cricket in the UK since the rights were sold to Sky in 2006.

To put this into context, the final test of the 2005 ashes, shown on Channel 4, had a peak audience of 7.4 million. This was the start of cricket’s new boom in the UK, but the Sky deal placed cricket behind a paywall. So, in 2009, the comparable figure in the last ashes test, shown on Sky, saw by only 1.92 million viewers, an

almost 75% decrease. Test Cricket remains behind a paywall, so The Hundred makes the sport more accessible to everyone.

The Hundred has and will remain

to be played in August. August is the prime slot for cricket. The weather is better, and the children are on school holidays. Thus, it is vital to the ECB that they attract enough people to go and watch

cricket in Summer.

However, because The Hundred gains so much attention, especially in marketing, other formats like the T20 Blast and the Royal London One Day Cup (RLC) get pushed aside. It does, therefore, make it feel like there are too many white-ball formats currently in English cricket, and perhaps the ECB will have to remove one.

The arguments about whether The Hundred is ruining County Cricket or causing the downfall of Test Match cricket will go on forever. However, it does not mean that formats cannot be altered to allow all aspects of the game to be enjoyed. People have been opposing a change to cricket for too long because they feel it might spell the end for their favourite game, but everything needs modifying to improve. The love for Test Match cricket is far too great in this country and worldwide for it to be scrapped. It is time to enjoy what we have instead of constantly fearing something that will likely never happen.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

“Actions like taking the knee are good as they can highlight the issue...it cannot solve the issue”

Photo: Unsplash

Photo: Unsplash

Photo: Unsplash

Sport

Sports Editor Dan Laughlan in conversation with UEA Swimming President Matt Newson

Dan Laughlan Sports Editor

For this issue of Concrete, I sat down with UEA Swimming President Matt Newson to talk about their merger with UEA Water Polo, sport’s impact on mental health and UEA Swimming and Water Polo’s hopes for the year.

In response to being asked what being President involves and means to him, Matt said: “It’s a lot of work but it’s good, I knew what I was getting myself into. I’m quite an OCD person so organising things I love doing. It’s things like sorting out the budget, socials and the general swimming side of things. It’s nice to be in charge of a good group of people. I think we have a really solid committee, so I don’t think we’re going to go wrong. When you have a good group of people around you it doesn’t feel like work. To have the role is a privilege I know not many second years get the role of President, so to get it I was like ‘oh crap, I actually need to do some work’ but it’s nice to have the responsibility.”

When asked what got him into swimming, he said: “Well I went through all the stages to swim at my local leisure centre when I was around five, I was actually quite scared of the water, I remember my mum pulling me out of the water screaming. I then went to a taster session, after people from Cambridge and Peterborough leisure centres came around handing out flyers, which I found fun and from there started competitively swimming from eight and just

found swimming to be chill for me.”

This year, UEA Swimming and Water Polo have set up a campaign around mental health aimed at getting people involved with sports to help improve people’s mental health.

I asked Matt for examples on how sport has helped his mental health. He replied, “I didn’t really struggle, fortunately, with mental health until covid. I went into covid with a snapped ankle, so I already hadn’t swum for months and then covid hit, and everything shut, it was awful. I couldn’t do anything, so my performance levels dropped. I spoke to my sister’s psychologist quite a bit, but getting back into the pool, back into the gym, it helped so much with my mental health. Any sport is not only going to help with your physical health but also mental. Also being part of a club where you meet so many great people, I now live with someone from swimming, shows it plays a big part in your life, so I don’t think anything beats sport, besides food, but that’s different.”

Following up, I asked Matt the ways he’s seen the progression in awareness of mental health at UEA and in swimming and how we can improve, he said: “The introduction of the wellbeing officers is a good start. As a club we always try to promote every mental health campaign and put ourselves out there so everyone knows we are there for you. To improve, I’d say we just need to talk more. it’s cliché but everyone has their own needs. We need to be proactive to offer

help. I don’t care who you are, everyone deserves help. Sport’s open for all, we say that and therefore we need to make it that way.”

This academic year UEA Swimming officially merged with UEA Water Polo. I asked Matt why and what benefits has he seen from it. He replied, “when you look at other universities, quite a lot of them combine the two as we use the same pool and facilities, so in a logical sense it makes sense to merge. Then in a performance way it also makes sense because if there are good swimmers in Water Polo, we can draft them for competitions and viceversa. Water Polo, I know, had a disappointing year last year because they couldn’t field a women’s team, this year they’ve drafted enough to have two women’s teams.”

After asking Matt who his sporting heroes were growing up, he commented, “it’s got to be Michael Phelps. I was at the Olympics in 2012, nine years old, so baby Matt at the time, I remember watching his performances and seeing him act with decorum and grace whilst still being at the top of his game, it was just phenomenal.” Outside of swimming, Matt named Roger Federer as

another one of his heroes, saying: “He’s shown that if you love something you will do it for as long as you can.” Also naming Lewis Hamilton for his role in speaking up for causes he cares about, finishing up by saying, “all three of them stand out as major role models not only for the stuff they’ve done sporting-wise but also the way they carry themselves outside of their sport.”

I asked Matt about his favourite social from swimming last year. in response he said, “I’d say ‘Crate Escape’. The club gets split into teams and each team gets around four to six massive crates of beer and cider, two litres of vodka and two litres of lemonade which, as a team, you have to get through in the night whilst completing various challenges. You finish in the square where one of your team has to be dressed as a knight using the leftover boxes, and make a sword from the empty cans, which for me were Strongbow and Fosters, Fosters is disgusting and you can quote me on that, and then you have to fight the other knights.”

When asked about how he would encourage people to join swimming, he replied, “I recently found out swimming is the most participated sport in the world, simply because at one point everyone gets in a pool. Everybody nowadays is pushed to learn to swim. I’d say it’s more than just a sport, it’s a life skill. I think it’s a great way to socially engage, gain a life skill and gain memories. If you have access (to a pool) you’d be

silly not to give it a go, it will change your life for the better because not only might it save your life it’s also so influential on your physical and mental health.”

Finally, I asked Matt what legacy he wants to leave behind at UEA. He answered, “I’ll speak for a few of my committee members and myself, because it’s not just about myself, I think some people in power at clubs get a bit lost and make it more about them rather than the team.

One of my committee members, Josh Stroud, said he wants the club to succeed competitively and socially and to leave a legacy that shows two clubs can merge and it can work. I think he speaks for all of the committee in saying that, and I hope that we’ll have one of our most successful BUCS ever because of this merger as well as making ourselves as accessible as possible to everyone. We don’t want to create a legacy for us, we want to create a legacy so that the next committee can do their job properly and makes sure that UEA Swimming and Water Polo stays afloat, no pun intended.”

“It’s (Swimming) more than just a sport, it’s a life skill. ”

“Any sport is not only going to help with your physical health but also your mental.”

Photo: Matt Newson

Photo:

UEA Swimming