Nuevamente Biología El intercambio de informaci´n en los sitemas biológicos

AÍGOLOIB BIOLOGÍA nóicamrofni ed oibmacretni lE :socigóloib sametsis sol ne lortnoc y nóicargetni ,nóicaler

El intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos: relación, integración y control

Nuevamente

Nuevamente

Recursos para el docente María Cristina Iglesias

Elina I. Godoy

Silvina B. Muzzanti

Claudio E. Glejzer

Ricardo Franco

T_biologia 3 docente.indd 1

1/28/08 3:47:59 PM

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C -PT TFOUJEPT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO TPO MB WJTJØO FWFOUVBMNFOUF MB BVEJDJØO Z FM UBDUP $VBOEP FM BHVB MMFHB B MB CPDB UBNCJÏO JOUFSWJFOF FM HVTUP D 1VFEFO SFBMJ[BS FM FTRVFNB EF WBSJBT NBOFSBT QFSP MP JNQPSUBOUF FT RVF OP TF PMWJEFO EF MBT iSVUBTw RVF SFDPSSF MB JOGPSNBDJØO NFODJPOBEBT BO UFSJPSNFOUF

B &YJTUFO WBSJPT NFDBOJTNPT EF BDDJØO &O FTUF DBTP FM UFYUP FYQMJDB RVF MBT NPMÏDVMBT EF BMHVOBT ESPHBT UJFOFO GPSNBT USJEJNFOTJPOBMFT RVF TF BTFNFKBO B MPT OFVSPUSBOTNJTPSFT TFHSFHBEPT OBUVSBMNFOUF QPS MBT OFV SPOBT 1PS FMMP TJ BMHVOB EF FTUBT TVTUBODJBT FOUSB BM DVFSQP DJSDVMB QPS MB TBOHSF Z QVFEF BDUVBS TPCSF MPT SFDFQUPSFT QSFTFOUFT FO MB NFNCSBOB EF MBT OFVSPOBT DPNP MP IBSÓBO MPT OFVSPUSBOTNJTPSFT C 4Ó BMHVOPT FGFDUPT QVFEFO TFS NVZ TFSJPT QBSB MB QFSTPOB ZB RVF TV BD DJØO QSPWPDB DBNCJPT FO MB GSFDVFODJB DBSEÓBDB Z FO FM GMVKP EF MB TBOHSF D Z E 3FTQVFTUBT BCJFSUBT

ª 4BOUJMMBOB 4 " 1SPIJCJEB TV GPUPDPQJB -FZ

-B SFHVMBDJÓO FOEPDSJOB FO FM TFS IVNBOP

1ÈHJOB

B -B FYQFSJFODJB EF .FSJOH Z .JOLPXTLJ DPOTJTUJØ FO MB PCTFSWBDJØO EF MP RVF BDPOUFDÓB FO QFSSPT B MPT DVBMFT TF MFT FYUJSQBCB FM QÈODSFBT 4VT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT GVFSPO JNQPSUBOUFT ZB RVF TF BQSFDJØ RVF FTUF ØSHBOP FT GVOEBNFOUBM QBSB MB SFHVMBDJØO EF MB HMVDPTB FO FM PSHBOJT NP 4J FM QÈODSFBT FSB FYUJSQBEP FM BOJNBM PSJOBCB FO HSBO DBOUJEBE Z TV PSJOB QPTFÓB VOB BCVOEBOUF DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB C -PT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT FO QSJNFS MVHBS TF CBTBO FO MBT PCTFSWB DJPOFT EF 5IPNBT 8JMMJT RVJFO JEFOUJGJDØ RVF VOB QFSTPOB RVF OP QVFEF SFHVMBS MB DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB FO TBOHSF QBEFDF EJBCFUFT : EFCJEP B RVF MB HMVDPTB QBTB B MB PSJOB FTUB FT EVMDF &O TFHVOEP MVHBS MPT USBCBKPT EF -BOHFSIBOT QFSNJUJFSPO DFOUSBS MB BUFODJØO FO MB HMÈOEVMB EFM QÈODSFBT ZB RVF TF TVQPOÓB RVF FSB SFTQPOTBCMF EF MB EJBCFUFT D &M QÈODSFBT FT VOB HMÈOEVMB RVF QSPEVDF IPSNPOBT FOUSF FMMBT MB JOTVMJOB &TUB QPTFF MB GVODJØO EF EJTNJOVJS MB DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF QFSNJUJFOEP RVF JOHSFTF B MBT DÏMVMBT E $VBOEP /JDP DPNF MB QPSDJØO EF UPSUB TF QSPEVDF VO BVNFOUP EF MB HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF $PNP MB BDDJØO EF MB JOTVMJOB FT VO QSPDFTP MFOUP VO BOÈMJTJT EF TBOHSF EFCF SFBMJ[BSTF FO BZVOBT EF NBOFSB RVF MB HMVDPTB EF MPT BMJNFOUPT ZB TF IBZB EJSJHJEP B MBT DÏMVMBT SFTQFDUJWBT Z FM WBMPS FO TBOHSF TFB FM FRVJMJCSBEP F -B EJBCFUFT NFMMJUVT FT VOB FOGFSNFEBE FO MB DVBM FM QÈODSFBT OP QVFEF QSPEVDJS MB JOTVMJOB OFDFTBSJB 1PS FTUF NPUJWP BVNFOUB DPO GBDJMJEBE MB HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF Z OP MMFHB B MBT DÏMVMBT &M DBOTBODJP P EFCJMJEBE EF /JDP TF BTPDJBO DPO MB FOGFSNFEBE ZB RVF TJ OP IBZ HMVDPTB FO MBT DÏMVMBT FTUBT OP QVFEFO PCUFOFS MB FOFSHÓB OFDFTBSJB QBSB SFBMJ[BS UPEBT TVT GVODJPOFT 1ÈHJOB -B IJQFSGVODJØO SFGJFSF B VO BVNFOUP EF MB QSPEVDDJØO EF IPSNPOBT FO VOB HMÈOEVMB FOEPDSJOB 1PS FM DPOUSBSJP VOB IJQPGVODJØO FT MB EJTNJOVDJØO FO MB QSPEVDDJØO IPSNPOBM &M GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM TJTUFNB FOEPDSJOP FTUÈ SFHVMBEP MP DVBM TJHOJ GJDB RVF FYJTUF VOB EFUFSNJOBEB DBOUJEBE EF IPSNPOBT RVF EFCFO

TFS QSPEVDJEBT QPS DBEB HMÈOEVMB BOUF DBEB TJUVBDJØO RVF TF QSFTFO UF BM PSHBOJTNP 6OB BMUFSBDJØO FO MB QSPEVDDJØO EF IPSNPOBT QPS QBSUF EF VOB HMÈOEVMB HFOFSB B TV WF[ VOB BMUFSBDJØO FO MB SFHVMBDJØO EF MBT GVODJPOFT RVF MF DPNQFUFO BM TJTUFNB FOEPDSJOP B USBWÏT EF FTB HMÈOEVMB FTQFDÓGJDB 1ÈHJOB

B -BT EJGFSFOUFT JOUFSQSFUBDJPOFT BDFSDB EFM CPDJP FTUBCBO WJODVMBEBT B MP EFNPOÓBDP QPS MP DVBM FTUB FOGFSNFEBE FSB DPOTJEFSBEB VO DBTUJHP EJWJOP 5BNCJÏO DPNP QSPEVDÓB VOB EFGPSNBDJØO GÓTJDB TF MB BTPDJBCB DPO MB DPOEVDUB NPSBM EF MB QFSTPOB ZB RVF IBCÓB VOB SFMBDJØO FTUSF DIB FOUSF CFMMF[B GÓTJDB Z CJFO 5PEBT FTUBT JOUFSQSFUBDJPOFT TF CBTBCBO FO MBT JEFBT Z DSFFODJBT EF MB ÏQPDB 4PCSF UPEP MBT DVFTUJPOFT SFMJHJPTBT FSBO QSFQPOEFSBOUFT ZB RVF MBT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT DJFOUÓGJDBT FSBO JODJ QJFOUFT C &M CPDJP TF QVFEF QSPEVDJS QPS VO EÏGJDJU EF ZPEP RVF FT VO FMFNFOUP RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO MB OBUVSBMF[B Z TF JODPSQPSB BM PSHBOJTNP B USBWÏT EF MPT BMJNFOUPT D )BDF WBSJPT TJHMPT MPT DPOPDJNJFOUPT TPCSF FTUB QBUPMPHÓB QFSNJUJFSPO EFGJOJS Z FTUBCMFDFS MPT EJTUJOUPT USBUBNJFOUPT QBSB BGSPOUBS MB FOGFSNF EBE &O QSJNFS MVHBS TF VUJMJ[BSPO BMHBT NBSJOBT DPO MBT RVF TF NBOJ GFTUBCB DJFSUB NFKPSÓB .ÈT UBSEF TF DPOPDJØ RVF MB QSFTFODJB EF ZPEP FO FTUBT BMHBT FSB MP RVF JOGMVÓB $PO FM DPSSFS EF MBT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT MPT USBUBNJFOUPT QVEJFSPO BCPSEBS EF NBOFSB QSFWFOUJWB MB FOGFSNFEBE ZB RVF FM ZPEP TF JODMVÓB FO MB EJFUB FO BRVFMMBT [POBT EPOEF FTDBTFBCB OBUVSBMNFOUF E 4JFNQSF FYJTUFO SFMBDJPOFT FOUSF MB DJFODJB Z MB TPDJFEBE OP JNQPSUB EF RVÏ NPNFOUP FTUFNPT IBCMBOEP &TUP TF EFCF B RVF MPT QSPCMFNBT RVF FTUVEJB MB DJFODJB FTUÈO QSFTFOUFT FO VO EFUFSNJOBEP DPOUFYUP IJTUØSJDP Z BEFNÈT JOGMVZFO TPCSF MBT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT MBT EJTUJOUBT JEFBT DSFFODJBT Z QSFPDVQBDJPOFT DJSDVOEBOUFT "M NJTNP UJFNQP MPT DPOPDJNJFOUPT DJFOUÓGJDPT FKFSDFO TV JOGMVFODJB FO MB TPDJFEBE WBO NPEJGJDBOEP MPT IÈCJUPT EF MBT QFSTPOBT Z MBT JEFBT TPCSF EFUFSNJOBEBT DVFTUJPOFT DJFOUÓGJDBT QPS FKFNQMP FO FTUF DBTP TPCSF MB FOGFSNFEBE MMBNBEB CPDJP

1ÈHJOB

B -B QSFEJBCFUFT FT VOB BMUFSBDJØO RVF TVGSFO BMHVOBT QFSTPOBT RVF TF NBOJGJFTUB B USBWÏT EF TV HMVDFNJB CBTBM FMFWBEB NPEFSBEBNFOUF P VOB DVSWB EF UPMFSBODJB B MB HMVDPTB BGFDUBEB &TUBT QFSTPOBT OP UJFOFO EJBCFUFT QFSP FTUÈO FO SJFTHP EF QBEFDFSMB 4F EJBHOPTUJDB B USBWÏT EF VO BOÈMJTJT EF TBOHSF EPOEF TF NJEB MB DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB QPS VO MBEP FO BZVOBT Z QPS PUSP MVFHP EF JODPSQPSBS VO MÓRVJEP B[VDBSBEP 4J FO BMHVOPT EF MPT DBTPT MPT WBMPSFT TPO BMUPT QFSP TJO BMDBO[BS MPT EF MB EJBCFUFT FT QPSRVF MB QFSTPOB UJFOF QSFEJBCFUFT &TUB TF QVFEF QSFWFOJS DPO BDUJWJEBE GÓTJDB Z DPOUSPM FO MB EJFUB C -B HMÈOEVMB RVF TF FODVFOUSB WJODVMBEB DPO FTUB EJGJDVMUBE FT FM QÈO DSFBT B USBWÏT EF MB QSPEVDDJØO EF JOTVMJOB D &O MB EJBCFUFT MPT WBMPSFT EF HMVDFNJB CBTBM TVQFSBO MPT NH M Z OP TF QVFEFO WPMWFS B OPSNBMJ[BS TJO FM USBUBNJFOUP BEFDVBEP &O VOB QSFEJBCFUFT FM PSHBOJTNP QPTFF WBMPSFT FMFWBEPT EF HMVDFNJB QFSP BÞO FYJTUF DJFSUB SFHVMBDJØO EF MB DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF E &O VOB HMVDFNJB CBTBM BMUFSBEB TJO JODPSQPSBS OJOHÞO BMJNFOUP ZB MPT WBMPSFT EF HMVDFNJB TPO BMUPT &O VOB UPMFSBODJB B MB HMVDPTB BMUFSB EB MPT WBMPSFT FO VO QSJODJQJP TPO OPSNBMFT TF JODSFNFOUBO NÈT RVF MP OPSNBM BOUF MB JODPSQPSBDJØO EF BMJNFOUP Z MVFHP FM PSHBOJTNP TF EFNPSB NVDIP FO FM SFTUBCMFDJNJFOUP EFM FRVJMJCSJP -P DPNÞO FOUSF BNCPT QSPCMFNBT FT RVF FO BMHÞO NPNFOUP MPT WBMPSFT EF HMVDFNJB TFBO BMUPT F -B EJBCFUFT FO HFOFSBM QVFEF QSFWFOJSTF DPO FM NBOUFOJNJFOUP EF IÈCJUPT TBOPT FTUP FT BDUJWJEBE GÓTJDB Z VOB CVFOB BMJNFOUBDJØO

B &O VOB IJQFSGVODJØO EF MB UJSPJEFT IBZ VO BVNFOUP EF DBMDJUPOJOB RVF IBDF RVF OP TF MJCFSF DBMDJP B MB TBOHSF 1PS FM DPOUSBSJP VOB IJQPGVO DJØO JNQMJDB VOB EJTNJOVDJØO EF IPSNPOB DBMDJUPOJOB Z QPS FOEF VO BVNFOUP EF DBMDJP FO MB TBOHSF C &M DBMDJP FT OFDFTBSJP QBSB MB GPSNBDJØO EF MPT IVFTPT &TUPT UPNBO FTUB TVTUBODJB EF MB TBOHSF HSBDJBT B MB DBMDJUPOJOB $VBOEP FM DBMDJP TF FMJNJOB B MB TBOHSF MVFHP EF IBCFSTF VUJMJ[BEP FO MPT IVFTPT JOUFSWJFOF MB IPSNPOB QBSBUJSPJEFB D -B HMÈOEVMB IJQØGJTJT FMBCPSB MB IPSNPOB MMBNBEB UJSPUSPQJOB RVF UJFOF MB GVODJØO EF JOJDJBS MB BDUJWJEBE EF MB UJSPJEFT QSPEVDJFOEP VOB TVFSUF EF DPOUSPM TPCSF FTUB

1ÈHJOB

4PO DPSSFDUBT MBT BGJSNBDJPOFT B D E G H J

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B -PT DPSUJDPJEFT JOUFSWJFOFO FO QSPDFTPT EFTJOGMBNBUPSJPT &O VOB TJ UVBDJØO BTNÈUJDB MPT DPOEVDUPT SFTQJSBUPSJPT TF JOGMBNBO Z TF SFEVDF FM DBMJCSF FT EFDJS FM DPOEVDUP QPS FM DVBM QBTB FM BJSF -PT DPSUJDPJEFT EJMBUBO EJDIPT DPOEVDUPT NFKPSBOEP SÈQJEBNFOUF MB DBQBDJEBE SFTQJ SBUPSJB C $VBOEP TF VTBO DPSUJDPJEFT DPNP GÈSNBDPT FM PSHBOJTNP WB QFSEJFO EP TV QSPQJB DBQBDJEBE EF QSPEVDJSMPT Z EF RVF FTUPT TFBO FGFDUJWPT 5BNCJÏO TVSHFO FGFDUPT TFDVOEBSJPT RVF USBFO EJTUJOUBT DPOTFDVFO DJBT &OUSF FTUPT FGFDUPT FODPOUSBNPT MB SFUFODJØO EF MÓRVJEPT MB BDV NVMBDJØO EF HSBTBT MB HBTUSJUJT FOUSF PUSPT D -PT DPSUJDPJEFT DPOTJEFSBEPT GÈSNBDPT TPO BRVFMMPT RVF TF QSPEVDFO FO FM MBCPSBUPSJP Z TF BENJOJTUSBO B MB QFSTPOB BOUF VOB EFUFSNJOBEB QBUPMPHÓB

&M NPWJNJFOUP Z MB MPDPNPDJÓO FO FM TFS IVNBOP

NBOUJFOF MB GPSNB &M SFTUP EF MBT FTUSVDUVSBT EFM DVFSQP FTUÈO GPSNBEBT QPS NBUFSJBMFT CMBOEPT E -B QBUB EF QPMMP DPSSFTQPOEF BM GÏNVS QPSRVF TF USBUB EFM IVFTP QSPYJ NBM EF MBT iQJFSOBTw &T FRVJWBMFOUF BM GÏNVS IVNBOP 1ÈHJOB

B -B NBZPSÓB EF MPT IVFTPT RVF GPSNBO MB NBOP TPO MBSHPT -B QBMNB EF MB NBOP FTUÈ GPSNBEB QPS IVFTPT MBSHPT MMBNBEPT iNFUBDBSQJBOPTw Z MB [POB NÈT DFSDBOB B MB NV×FDB QPS IVFTPT MMBNBEPT iDBSQJBOPTw RVF TPO DPOTJEFSBEPT iIVFTPT DPSUPTw ZB RVF FM BODIP FM FTQFTPS Z MB MPOHJUVE TPO TJNJMBSFT -PT IVFTPT EFM DSÈOFP TPO QMBOPT FM MBSHP Z FM BODIP QSF EPNJOBO TPCSF FM FTQFTPS C -BT GVODJPOFT QSJNPSEJBMFT EF MPT IVFTPT EF MB NBOP TPO QFSNJUJS MB JO TFSDJØO EF NÞTDVMPT Z EF UFOEPOFT Z EBS GPSNB B MPT EFEPT -PT IVFTPT EFM DSÈOFP QSPUFHFO FM FODÏGBMP D &O MB JNBHFO EF MB NBOP TF WFO MBT BSUJDVMBDJPOFT FOUSF MBT GBMBOHFT RVF

ª 4BOUJMMBOB 4 " 1SPIJCJEB TV GPUPDPQJB -FZ

1ÈHJOB

B 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO SFTQPOEFS RVF MVFHP EF IBCFSTF IB MMBEP QJF[BT ØTFBT FTUBT TF TPNFUFO B VOB QSPGVOEB JOWFTUJHBDJØO RVF EB MVHBS BM EFTDVCSJNJFOUP EF MPT QSJNFSPT SFTUPT GØTJMFT QFSUFOFDJFOUFT B TFSFT IVNBOPT RVF OPT BOUFDFEJFSPO C &M SFHJTUSP GØTJM EF MPT QSJNFSPT IPNCSFT QFSNJUF SFDPOTUSVJS MB GPSNB EF TV FTRVFMFUP &TUF FT EF TVNB JNQPSUBODJB QBSB JNBHJOBS DØNP QVEJFSPO EFTQMB[BSTF MPT QSJNFSPT IVNBOPT -B QPTJDJØO EF MPT IVFTPT TV UBNB×P Z MB GPSNB EF BSUJDVMBSTF DPO PUSPT IVFTPT EBO DVFOUB EF MPT NPWJNJFO UPT RVF QPEÓBO SFBMJ[BSTF -PT NÞTDVMPT Z MPT UFKJEPT CMBOEPT RVF BDPN QB×BO B MB BSUJDVMBDJØO UBNCJÏO TF SFMBDJPOBO DPO FM NPWJNJFOUP QFSP OP RVFEBO SFHJTUSPT GØTJMFT EF FMMPT D 4J CJFO MPT IVFTPT TPO FTUSVDUVSBT WJWBT TF USBUB EF ØSHBOPT EVSPT Z NVZ SFTJTUFOUFT -PT iIVFTPT GØTJMFTw TPO IVFTPT FO MPT DVBMFT DPO FM USBOTDVS TP EFM UJFNQP BMHVOPT EF MPT DPNQPOFOUFT IBO TJEP SFFNQMB[BEPT QPS NJOFSBMFT EF FTUB NBOFSB MB DPNQPTJDJØO EFM IVFTP DBNCJB QFSP TF

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B 4F BMVEF B MB GVODJØO EF TPTUÏO EPOEF EJDF RVF iQSPQPSDJPOB TPQPSUF FTUSVDUVSBMw 4F BMVEF B MB GVODJØO EF MPDPNPDJØO DVBOEP EJDF RVF iBC TPSCF JNQBDUPT EVSBOUF BDUJWJEBEFT UBMFT DPNP DBNJOBS DPSSFS Z TBMUBSw C -BT WÏSUFCSBT GPSNBO VO DPOEVDUP FO FM DVBM TF IBMMB MB NÏEVMB FTQJOBM -B WFOUBKB EF FTUB EJTQPTJDJØO FT RVF MB NÏEVMB FTQJOBM RVFEB QSPUFHJEB QPS MBT QJF[BT ØTFBT EF MB DPMVNOB

1ÈHJOB -PT IVFTPT TF WVFMWFO NÈT GSÈHJMFT Z QPS FOEF BVNFOUB MB QSPCBCJMJEBE EF RVF TVGSBO GSBDUVSBT 1ÈHJOB

B &TUF HSVQP EF NÞTDVMPT TF DMBTJGJDBO DPNP JOWPMVOUBSJPT ZB RVF QFSNJ UFO MB SFBMJ[BDJØO EF VOB BDDJØO FM NPWJNJFOUP EFM FTØGBHP FO GPSNB UPUBMNFOUF JODPOTDJFOUF FT EFDJS TJO RVF OPT EFNPT DVFOUB C -B DPOUSBDDJØO NVTDVMBS TF QSPEVDF EFM MBEP EFM CPMP BMJNFOUJDJP RVF FTUÈ NÈT DFSDB EF MB CPDB Z MB SFMBKBDJØO EFM MBEP PQVFTUP &M MVHBS EF DPOUSBDDJØO Z FM EF SFMBKBDJØO TF WBO EFTQMB[BOEP B MP MBSHP EFM FTØGBHP FNQVKBOEP FM CPMP FO MB EJSFDDJØO BEFDVBEB

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