"Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry"

Page 1

Edited by Antonius Schrรถder

McGraw-Hill Education

Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry

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Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry

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Copyright © 2015

McGraw-Hill Education (Italy), S.r.l. Via Ripamonti, 89 – 20141 Milano

I diritti di traduzione, di riproduzione, di memorizzazione elettronica e di adattamento WRWDOH H SDU]LDOH FRQ TXDOVLDVL PH]]R FRPSUHVL L PLFUR¿OP H OH FRSLH IRWRVWDWLFKH VRQR riservati per tutti i Paesi. Date le caratteristiche intrinseche di Internet, l’Editore non è responsabile per eventuali variazioni negli indirizzi e nei contenuti dei siti Internet riportati. Nomi e marchi citati nel testo sono generalmente depositati o registrati dalle rispettive case produttrici. Publisher: Paolo Roncoroni Acquisition Editor: Daniele Bonanno Produzione: Donatella Giuliani Stampa: Prontostampa, Verdellino Zingonia (Bergamo) ISBN 978-88-386- Printed in Italy

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Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry 6HIS PROJECT H S ร EEN FUNDED WITH SUPPORT FROM THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSIONS 'DUC TION ND 6R INING PROGR MME .EON RDO D 8INCI 6HE INFORM TION CONT INED IN THIS PUร LIC TION DOES NOT NECESS RILY REFLECT THE POSITION OR OPINION OF THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION

Authors 6HIS REPORT W S CONDUCTED WITH THE P RTICIP TION OF IN ORDER OF THE P RTNER INSTITUTIONS : #NTONIUS 5CHR DER 6ECHNISCHE 7NIVERSITzT &ORTMUND SFS 'DITOR )IOV NNI $ERN RDI 7NIVERSITx DEGLI 5TUDI DI 2 DOV ) ÅRIELL $ETTIOL %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 %HI R 5 L TIN %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 (EDERICO %RIVELLI %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 ,OSEÅ 5 INZ DE $ R ND (EDER CI N 8IZC N DE 'MPRES S DEL /ET L 'LIS ÅET &UMITRESCU % MER DE %OMERĠ ‫܍‬I +NDUSTRIE %LUJ 5IMONETT / NTOV NI 4EGIONE DEL 8ENETO ¢ 5EZIONE . VORO 2 OLO #RMELLIN 4EGIONE DEL 8ENETO ¢ 5EZIONE . VORO )IORGIO %ESTER 4EGIONE DEL 8ENETO ¢ 5EZIONE . VORO % RLO $RUNETTI #2+ / RCO /ENEGHETTI #2+ -EP ,ON #R N $RUSS ,UNT S 6ECNIC S ,O N /IELGO $RUSS ,UNT S 6ECNIC S #LEX NDRU ) CIU 5+06'41/ +O N %SEP 5+06'41/ 6OMM SO )RIM LDI 'UROPE N 8OC TION L 6R INING #SSOCI TION )IULI /ESCHINO 'UROPE N 8OC TION L 6R INING #SSOCI TION 4OÅERTO $ LDO ( REM 8 LENTIN / ISTRELLO ( REM )IORGIO 5P NEVELLO +65 /ECC TRONICO %RISTIN 6ONIOLO +65 /ECC TRONICO #LÅERTO 8ERG NI 'V LU TOR

Contact of the Project Coordinator: Confindustria Veneto SIAV %ONT CT PERSON ) ÅRIELL $ETTIOL #DDRESS 8I 6ORINO C 8ENEZI /ESTRE +T LY 'M IL RE PROGETTI SI V NET G ÅRIELL ÅETTIOL SI V NET

8ENICE 5EPTEMÅER

Index

)4''0 56#4 $ CKGROUND 1Ã…JECTIVES ND 2 RTNERS +NVOLVED 6HE )4''0 56#4 2ROJECT 2 RTNERSHIP )REEN 5KILLS 4ELEV NCE ND 2OLICIES '7 8'6 5TR TEGY ND )REEN 5KILLS 2OLICY

)ENER L '7 5TR TEGIES ND 2OLICIES

4ECENT '7 (OCUS ON )REEN 5KILLS

)REEN 5KILLS FOR 5/' #UTOMOTIVE 5UPPLIERS 6HE 0EGLECTED ND 'MERGING 4ELEV NCE 6HE )6 8'6 $LUEPRINT 6HE )ENER L (R MEWORK ND &EVELOPMENT OF THE )6 8'6 6R INING /ODULE 5ECTOR L 'UROPE N 6R INING /ODULE ON )REEN 5KILLS S ±$LUEPRINT² /ETHODOLOGY OF THE 6R INING /ODULE 6HE 5UÃ…MODULES

'NERGY

4 W / TERI LS

9 STE / TERI LS

0OISE

)4''0 56#4 #D PTION /ODIFIC TION ND 'XTENSION OF THE )6 8'6 $LUEPRINT .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT 6HE NEW )4''0 56#4 MODULE

.IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT /ETHOD

.%# TR INING SUÃ… MODULE CONTENT ORG NIS TION L ND DID CTIC L ME SURES

)4''0 56#4 #PPRO CH ND /ODULES .ITER TURE 4EVIEW #UTOMOTIVE %LUSTERS 5UST IN Ã…ILITY ND 5KILLS 4EGION L $ CKGROUND ND %LUSTER &ESCRIPTIONS 8ENETO %LUJ $ SQUE %OUNTRY

6HE #UTOMOTIVE 2 RTS +NDUSTRY IN THE 0ORTH 9ESTERN 4EGION OF 4OM NI

6HE $ SQUE %OUNTRY 6HE #UTOMOTIVE %LUSTER #%+%#'

6HE +NDUSTRI L &ISTRICT OF 8ENETO

)ENER L (R MEWORK %LUSTER #PPRO CH ND /ETHODOLOGY

6HE &EVELOPMENT OF THE 6R INING /ODULE # 2 RTICIP TIVE #PPRO CH TO 9ORK Ã… SED .E RNING

'V LU TION DESIGN

6R INING 5UÃ… MODULES % SE STUDIES

'NERGY

9 STE

.%#

.%# %ONTINUOUS TR INING

8'6 5YSTEM +MPLEMENT TION

6R NSFER OF THE /ODULE TO *IGHER 6ECHNIC L 'DUC TION IN +T LY

+MPLEMENTING THE 'NERGY /ODULE IN 5ECOND RY 6ECHNIC L 'DUC TION IN 4OM NI

#PPRENTICESHIP 5YSTEM

+MP CT 'V LU TION 4ESULTS OF THE )REEN 5KILLS +MPLEMENT TION )REEN 5KILLS (UTURE 4ELEV NCE ND 2OLICY 4ECOMMEND TIONS #PPENDIX +MP CT 'V LU TION % SE 5TUDY

Figures (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE (IGURE

%IRCUL R 'CONOMY #N INTER CTIVE DI GR M 'LLEN / C #RTHUR (OUND TION )REEN JOÃ… C TEGORIES ¢ +.1 DEFINITION )REEN 5KILLS ND 0UMÃ…ER OF #FFECTED ,OÃ…S 5IMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF MOTOR VEHICLE 9ORK (LOW OF )6 8'6 %OMP NY DEM NDS ND 8'6 SYSTEM REFLECTION )6 8'6 6R INING /ODULE S .INK Ã…ETWEEN 6R INING 'DUC TION 5CHOOL ND %OMP NY )6 8'6 5UÃ… MODULES ND .E RNING .EVELS / P OF THE LITER TURE CCORDING TO THE FOUR M IN ISSUES OF )4''0 56#4 UTOMOTIVE CLUSTER SUST IN Ã…ILITY SKILLS 6HE Ã… SIC UTOMOÃ…ILE PRODUCTION CH IN %ONCEPT OF %OMPETENCY 6HE DEVELOPMENT OF THE )4''0 56#4 TR INING MODULE 1LD ND NEW FURN CE HE TING LOSS OF OLD FURN CE 2OSITION OF #2+ WITHIN .IFE %YCLE #N LYSIS

Tables 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE 6 Ã…LE

.E RNING .EVELS OF )6 8'6 6 RGET )ROUP .EVEL WITHIN THE 5UÃ… MODULES )6 8'6 &UR TION OF LE RNING UNITS )6 8'6 5UÃ… MODULE 'NERGY 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES 5UÃ… MODULE 4 W / TERI LS 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES 5UÃ… MODULE 9 STE 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES 5UÃ… MODULE 0OISE 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES 5UÃ… MODULE .%# 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES 6HE MOST POPUL R GREEN PR CTICES PPLIED IN THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 3U LIFIC TIONS ND JOÃ… ROLES Ã…Y LEVEL REL TED TO THE 7- 03( 5KILL REQUIREMENTS ND SKILL G PS COMMON TO UTO 1'/S ND L RGE TIER SUPPLIERS $USINESS IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES PROCESS P THW Y %OMPETENCIES FR MEWORK OF UTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY SUÃ…JECTS ON TTRIÃ…UTES COMPETENCIES &ISTINCTION Ã…ETWEEN %LUSTER ND +NDUSTRY #PPRENTICESHIP 5CHEMES +T LY 'NERGY ND %OST 5 VINGS #CTION 2L N $4755 6R INING MODULE CONTENTS 9 STE #CTION 2L N #2+ 1UTPUTS ND OUTCOMES OF THE TR INING MODULES 1UTCOME CHIEVEMENT ND #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION

1 GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved

Gabriella Bettiol, Federico Crivelli, Chiara Salatin Introduction 6OD Y WE ST ND T THE THRESHOLD OF GRE T TR NSFORM TION TH T IS T KING PL CE IN DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS T THE INTERN TION L N TION L ND LOC L LEVELS 6HE RE LIS TION TH T TR DITION L GROWTH STR TEGIES WILL ONLY GET US SO F R H S INSPIRED NEW THINKING Ã…OUT THE W Y IN WHICH MODERN SOCIETIES DE L WITH FIN NCI L CLIM TE ND RESOURCE SC RCITY ISSUES #S HIGHLIGHTED DURING THE ±)OOD ,OÃ…S )REEN ,OÃ…S± %ONFERENCE IN 9 SHINGTON NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ND FIN NCI L INNOV TION H VE OPENED UP NEW INDUSTRI L ND ECONOMIC POSSIÃ…ILITIES 5M RT SUST IN Ã…LE INITI TIVES H VE LED TO JOÃ… CRE TION INNOV TION ND LOC L SUST IN Ã…LE ENTREPRENEURSHIP *IGHLY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES ND N INTELLIGENT CYCLE OF M TERI LS COUPLED WITH WORKERS RESKILLING ND UPSKILLING C N STIMUL TE SHIFT IN OUR ENERGY PRODUCTION TR NSPORT TION ND URÃ… N DEVELOPMENT #CCORDING TO THE +NTERN TION L . Ã…OUR 1FFICE ±5KILLS FOR NEW GREEN JOÃ…S ND D PT TION TO GREENER WORK METHODS RE CONCERN FOR M NY CONSTITUENTS ND REM IN FOCUS OF N LYSIS =»? # Ã…RO D R NGE OF QU LIFIC TIONS IS NEEDED FOR TECHNOLOGIC LLY CH LLENGING JOÃ…S WHICH RE MOSTLY T THE INTERMEDI TE ND HIGHER SKILL LEVELS #NTICIP TION OF FUTURE SKILL NEEDS ND FORW RD LOOKING TR INING POLICIES RE NECESSITY IN ORDER TO MEET THE SKILLS DEM ND OF THE SECTOR 6HERE IS NEED TO UPD TE INDUSTRI L ND OCCUP TION L CL SSIFIC TIONS SYSTEMS 'DUC TION ND TR INING POLICIES RE IMPORT NT FOR EMPOWERING WOMEN ND HELPING THEM CCESS JOÃ…S IN RENEW Ã…LE ENERGY LONG THE WHOLE V LUE CH IN ND NOT JUST IN REL TIVELY LOWER P ID JOÃ…S IN M NUF CTURING ND SSEMÃ…LING ± +.1 6HE TH 4EPORT ON %ONTINUOUS 6R INING PUÃ…LISHED Ã…Y +5(1. IN , NU RY G VE N OVERVIEW ON THE +.1 %'&'(12 REPORT "For Green Jobs, A Global View" 5TRIETSK +LLIN ET L 6HIS DOCUMENT S WELL S THE PUÃ…LIC TION "GreenItaly" Ã…Y 5YMÃ…OL ND 7NIONC MERE 5YMÃ…OL 7NION C MER CONDUCTED IN +T LY POINTED OUT THE F CT TH T THE GREEN ECONOMY C N Ã…E N IMPORT NT GROWTH F CTOR FOR THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES 'VEN IN THE WORST

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PERIOD OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS Ã…ETWEEN ND THERE W S EVIDENCE TH T ONLY THOSE COMP NIES TH T H D INVESTED IN GREEN TECHNOLOGIES ND PRODUCTS WERE CRE TING JOÃ…S /OREOVER THESE COMP NIES WERE LSO Ã…ETTER POSITIONED IN THE FOREIGN M RKETS WITH NE RLY DOUÃ…LE PERCENT GES OF M RKET PENETR TION COMP RED TO COMP NIES WHICH H D NOT INVESTED IN STRONGER ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN Ã…ILITY #S F R S ST FF COMPETENCIES RE CONCERNED DEVELOPMENT IS SSOCI TED WITH THE FOLLOWING THREE M IN TYPES OF CH NGE ST FF RESKILLING INTERVENTIONS THE EMERGENCE OF NEW HIGHLY QU LIFIED JOÃ…S UPSKILLING IN LRE DY EXISTING JOÃ…S /OREOVER SPECI L TTENTION H S Ã…EEN DR WN TO THE F CT TH T ON THE ONE H ND THE DEM ND FOR GREEN SKILLS W S CONSIDER Ã…LY GROWING ND COMP NIES REPORTED DIFFICULTIES IN RECRUITING SUIT Ã…LE PROFESSION L PROFILES ON THE OTHER H ND DEM ND COULD CTU LLY Ã…E MOSTLY REL TED TO THE NEED FOR MIX OF TR DITION L COMPETENCIES ND ±GREEN SH DES² TO Ã…E LE RNT WITHIN VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING PROGR MS 6HIS N LYSIS CONFIRMED THE GENER L TRENDS IDENTIFIED T THE /INISTERI L %ONFERENCE DURING THE '7 $ELGI N PRESIDENCY ND Ã…Y THE OPINION OF THE 'UROPE N ECONOMIC ND SOCI L COMMITTEE2 6HESE Ã…OTH HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPROVEMENT ND UPSKILLING OF EXISTING PROFESSION L COMPETENCIES THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF GREEN REQUIREMENTS TO Ã…E IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y ME NS OF LIFELONG LE RNING PPRO CH I E THROUGH THE IMPLEMENT TION OF T RGETED CTIONS FOR GREENING JOÃ…S R THER TH N EXPRESSLY ORIENTED TO THE CRE TION OF Ã…R ND NEW GREEN JOÃ…S # RECENT RECOMMEND TION TO THE (RENCH 'CONOMIC 5OCI L ND 'NVIRONMENT L %OUNCIL OUTLINED THE CH LLENGES ND THE NEEDS TO SUPPORT THE SO C LLED ECOLOGIC L TR NSITION COUPLED WITH SUST IN Ã…LE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES .EV UX )ENTY 6HE RECOMMEND TION ST TES THE ESSENTI L ROLE OF INDUSTRIES ND IDENTIFIES THREE M IN DIMENSIONS COMPLI NCE WITH STRICTER REGUL TION FR MEWORKS TO DECRE SE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CTS PRODUCTS ND PROCESS ECO INNOV TION DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGR TED SERVICES FOR ENVIRONMENT L OPTIMIS TION Ã…Y LEVER GING TR INING ND L Ã…OUR M RKETS ND Ã…Y DOPTING CROSS SECTOR PPRO CH (OR COMP NIES WITH TR NSVERS L GREEN COMPETENCIES PPLIC Ã…LE TO THE ECOLOGIC LLY INNOV TIVE DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF NEW PRODUCTS M RKETS ENERGY COST REDUCTION ND C RE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT THE GROWTH OF DEM ND H D Ã…EEN REPORTED Ã…Y THE LE D ORG NIS TION OF THE %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 PROJECT Ã…OTH IN TERMS OF 5/' HUM N RESOURCES S LRE DY POINTED OUT IN PREVIOUS RESE RCH STUDY CONDUCTED MONG ENTERPRISES ND CONCERNING 8'6 SYSTEMS 1

±)REEN² H S Ã…ECOME SHORTH ND TERM TO DESCRIÃ…E THE WIDE R NGE OF ISSUES PROCESSES PRODUCTS ND SERVICES TH T REL TE TO SUST IN Ã…ILITY ND THE ENVIRONMENT +NTERN TION L . Ã…OUR 1FFICE &EP RTMENT OF 5T TISTICS ND WE WILL USE IT FOR THE S KE OF Ã…REVITY TO REPRESENT THE MOST SPECIFIC TERMS SUCH S GREENING ECONOMY LOW C RÃ…ON ECONOMY SUST IN Ã…LE DEVELOPMENT GREEN GROWTH ND SO ON 1PINION OF THE 'UROPE N ECONOMIC ND SOCI L COMMITTEE ON THE TOPIC ±2ROMOTING GREEN ND SUST IN Ã…LE JOÃ…S FOR THE '7 ENERGY ND CLIM TE CH NGE P CK GE² INITI TIVE OPINION %

GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved 3

6O SUST IN GREEN DEVELOPMENT LSO IN THE FIELD OF HUM N RESOURCES ND OF CONTINUOUS TR INING THE )ERM N P RTNERS OF THE )REEN 5T R PROJECT H D ST RTED WITH ND SUPPLIED SYSTEM TIC SOLUTIONS SINCE THE E RLY YE RS OF THE DEC DE THUS T KING THE LE D IN THEIR FUNCTION S INNOV TION LE DERS #CCORDING TO THE 'CO +NNOV TION 5COREÃ…O RD 'UROPE N %OMMISSION FEW '7 COUNTRIES MONG WHICH WERE 5P IN ND 4OM NI SHOWED Ã…OOSTING TREND TOW RDS ECO INNOV TION NOT SUFFICIENTLY SUPPORTED Ã…Y TR NSVERS L TR INING CTIONS FOR TR INEES ND TECHNICI NS 'UROPE N %OMMISSION #S F R S POLICIES RE CONCERNED SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS TOW RDS THIS GO L WERE LSO URGED FOR IN THE 2OSITION 2 PERS OF THE %OMMISSION SERVICES FOR THE 2L NNING PERIOD IN ORDER TO F VOUR CCESS ND MODERNIS TION OF THE L Ã…OUR M RKET FROM GREEN PERSPECTIVE # COMP RISON Ã…ETWEEN THE 'CO +NNOV TION 5COREÃ…O RD ND SHOWS TREND OF SUÃ…ST NTI L ST Ã…ILITY Ã…OTH IN THE '7 VER GE LEVEL OF TTENTION IN INVESTMENT SPENDING ND IN THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT +T LY SCORING FROM IN TO IN )ERM NY FROM IN TO IN 5P IN FROM IN TO IN ND 4OM NI FROM IN TO IN 'UROPE N %OMMISSION # MORE IN DEPTH N LYSIS SHOWS SERIES OF DIFFERENCES Ã…ETWEEN THE FOUR INVOLVED COUNTRIES +N +T LY THE 0 TION L 2ROGR MME ON 'NVIRONMENT L ND % RÃ…ON (OOTPRINT Ã… SED ON VOLUNT RY COMMITMENT Ã…Y COMP NIES FOR THE EV LU TION OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT L FOOTPRINT ND THE REDUCTION OF THE )REENHOUSE ) SES )*) EMISSIONS RE INCRE SINGLY Ã…ECOMING FUND MENT L TOOL TO ENH NCE THE OÃ…JECTIVES ENVIS GED IN THE LEGISL TION ND GOVERNMENT L POLICIES OF THE -YOTO 2ROTOCOL ND ESPECI LLY OF THE ±%LIM TE ND 'NERGY P CK GE² WHICH W S DOPTED T '7 LEVEL IN /OREOVER THE +T LI N /INISTRY FOR THE 'NVIRONMENT . ND ND 5E H S FIN NCED LMOST 5/'S WITH MILLION 'UROS FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF SUST IN Ã…LE ND ECO INNOV TIVE PROJECT IN DIFFERENT M NUF CTURING SECTORS 6HE ECO INNOV TION PROCESSES H S Ã…ECOME P RT OF THE 4 & INVESTMENT SPENDING Ã…OTH T PUÃ…LIC ND PRIV TE LEVEL WITH PUÃ…LIC GU R NTEE FUNDS 4EGION L 1PER TIVE 2L NS ND SPECIFIC VENTURE C PIT L FUNDS 'UROPE N %OMMISSION )ERM NY R NKED RD IN THE '7 FOR ECO INNOV TION ND SECOND FOR SOCIO ECONOMIC OUTPUTS Ã…EING ONE OF 'UROPE°S TOP PERFORMERS +N REG RD TO RESOURCE EFFICIENCY OUTCOMES )ERM NY IS CLOSE TO THE '7 VER GE FOR M TERI L W TER ND ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY S WELL S FOR GREENHOUSE G S EMISSIONS INTENSITY 6HE +51 ST ND RDS DO NOT REPRESENT CONCRETE INDIC TOR S L RGE P RT OF )ERM N ENTERPRISES PREFERS THE DOPTION OF THE '/#5 CERTIFIC TION 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Ã… +N 5P IN THE GENER L 4 & ND INNOV TION Ã…UDGET SLOWLY DECRE SED FROM TO RE CHING OF THE OVER LL )&2 & T SHOW STRONG COMMITMENT OF 5P NISH COMP NIES ON ECO INNOV TION CTIVITIES 6HE NUMÃ…ER OF 5P NISH FIRMS TH T H VE IMPLEMENTED THE +51 ST ND RD IS STILL INCRE SING RE CHING PER MILLION POPUL TION IN IN THE HIGHEST IN THE '7 WITH 4OM NI (URTHERMORE THE NUMÃ…ER OF '/#5 CERTIFIED ORG NIS TIONS REM INS VERY HIGH 5P IN IS THE SECOND '7 COUNTRY WITH THE HIGHEST NUMÃ…ER OF WORKSITES TH T H VE N 'NVIRONMENT L / N GEMENT 5YSTEM 'UROPE N %OMMISSION

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4OM NI R NKED TH IN THE '7 FOR ECO INNOV TION DUE TO THE ±L CK OF EFFICIENT M N GEMENT OF THE V IL Ã…LE RESOURCES TH T POSES PROÃ…LEMS TO SUST IN Ã…LE DEVELOPMENT IN 4OM NI ² 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Ã… (IRMS H VING IMPLEMENTED ECO INNOV TION CTIONS OR INVESTMENTS REL TED TO THE R W M TERI L INPUT REDUCTION RE ONLY OF LL FIRMS WHILE INVESTMENTS IN REDUCING THE ENERGY INPUT PER UNIT OUTPUT S PERCENT GE OF THE TOT L NUMÃ…ER OF FIRMS REPRESENTED OF LL FIRMS I E OF THE '7 VER GE /OREOVER THE NUMÃ…ER OF ENTERPRISES COMPLYING WITH THE +51 ST ND RDS IN THEIR M NUF CTURING PROCESSES RE CHED THE R TE OF PER MILLION INH Ã…IT NTS IN SHOWING PROGRESSIVELY INCRE SING TREND

1.1

The GREEN STAR Project

Goals 6HE GENER L IM OF THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT CONSISTED OF THE CONTRIÃ…UTION TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN 8OC TION L 'DUC TION ND 6R INING 8'6 ND THE L Ã…OUR M RKET THROUGH THE TR NSFER ND USE OF TR INING MODULE FOR THE CQUISITION OR THE IMPROVEMENT OF GREEN COMPETENCIES T RGETED TOW RDS TR INEES ND WORKERS ND DEVELOPED WITHIN THE .EON RDO &1+ )6 8'6 PROJECT FOR THE IRON ND STEEL SECTOR WITH THE SIGNIFIC NT P RTICIP TION OF L RGE ENTERPRISES 5INCE ITS DESIGN THE Ã…LUEPRINT OF THE 'UROPE N MODULE FOR SUST IN Ã…LE TR INING TO Ã…E TR NSFERRED THROUGH THE )REEN 5T R PROJECT H S INCLUDED THE INVOLVEMENT OF SM LL ND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE DEFINITION OF CONTENTS TR INING METHODOLOGIES ND THE D PT TION TO THE 8'6 SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTED IN THE V RIOUS '7 COUNTRIES 6HE INVOLVEMENT OF 5/'S M KES IT POSSIÃ…LE TO NTICIP TE THE NEEDS FOR GREEN SKILLS ND THE STR TEGIES TO S TISFY THEM %OUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE TR NSFER COULD THEREFORE T KE DV NT GE FROM THE N LYSIS LRE DY COMPLETED ON THE N TION L 8'6 SYSTEMS Ã…Y THE )6 8'6 PROJECT 6HE DEVELOPED MODEL W S IMPLEMENTED IN THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS S IT IS CH R CTERISED Ã…Y THE PREDOMIN NCE OF 5/'S +NDEED CCORDING TO D T PRESENTED Ã…Y THE %#45 GROUP 'UROPE N %OMMISSION COORDIN TED Ã…Y THE &) 'NTERPRISE ND +NDUSTRY IN THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY EMPLOYED MORE TH N MILLION PEOPLE IN THE '7 COUNTRIES ND LSO INDIRECTLY PROVIDED L Ã…OUR FOR NOTHER MILLION PEOPLE Ã…OTH IN L RGE ENTERPRISES ND IN 5/'S THUS COVERING OF THE )&2 WITH TR DE Ã… L NCE OF 9 Ã…ILLION 6HE CH LLENGES HE D M KE IT NECESS RY TO DDRESS THE EMERGING ISSUES OF ECO SUST IN Ã…ILITY ND S FETY ESPECI LLY IN 5/'S %#45 H S SHOWN THE FUTURE M RKET CH NGES IN ITS 4ECOMMEND TION TO THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION 8ISION WHICH C N Ã…E SUMM RISED S FOLLOWS 'UROPE N %OMMISSION # # WIDER USE OF NEW DV NCED TECHNOLOGIES CLE N LOW ENERGY S FE QUIET E SILY CONNECTED $ 6HE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF R NGE OF PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES TH T LTHOUGH DOMIN TED Ã…Y DV NCED COMÃ…USTION TECHNOLOGIES RE INCRE SINGLY SSISTED Ã…Y ELECTRIC L DEVICES

GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved 5

% # TR INED ND SPECI LISED WORKFORCE IN LL SECTORS M KING UP THE M NUF CTURING PROCESS FROM IN HOUSE 4 & OF L RGE ENTERPRISES TO THE WHOLE SUPPLY CH IN 6HIS WORKFORCE WILL ÅE ÅLE TO CTIVELY CONTRIÅUTE TO THE INNOV TION PROCESS ÅY PPLYING NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGIES ND REDUCING THEIR C RÅON FOOTPRINT 6HE %1 EMISSIONS REGUL TION REM INS CRUCI L PRIORITY WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE '7 UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 4E CHING THE SET T RGETS PPE RS POSSIÅLE ONLY ÅY DOPTING N EFFECTIVELY INTEGR TED PPRO CH MONG LL THE SUPPLY CH IN COMPONENTS 6HE ME SURES TO ÅE T KEN WILL ÅE PROPORTION TE EFFICIENT IN TERMS OF COST ÅENEFITS ND DJUSTMENT CONTROL LSO THE CCESSIÅILITY OF NEW VEHICLES WILL ÅE PROPERLY T KEN INTO CCOUNT 5/'S ND L RGE ENTERPRISES WILL FOCUS THEIR ECO INNOV TION 4 & IMING T REDUCING THE FUEL CONSUMPTION VOIDING N EXCESSIVE COST INCRE SE ÅY INTRODUCING SIGNIFIC NT ELEMENTS OF FLEXIÅILITY 6HE INNOV TION POTENTI L IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR N MELY REQUIRED SKILLED L ÅOUR FORCE WITH HIGH COMPETENCIES TO IMPLEMENT ECO INNOV TION 6HIS W S DUE TO THE F CT TH T THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR W S F CED WITH DIFFICULT CH LLENGES SUCH S GLOÅ LIS TION ND INCRE SING NEEDS IN TERMS OF S FETY ND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ESPECI LLY FFECTING 5/'S %OOPER TION WITH 8'6 SYSTEMS THEREFORE PPE RED NECESS RY ND URGENT ESPECI LLY CONCERNING THE TR INING OF PPRENTICES ÅOTH IN THE WORKPL CE ND DURING CL SSROOM TR INING SESSIONS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE LSO 5/'S° HUM N RESOURCES WITH PROFESSION L GREEN SKILLS UNTIL THEN DEVELOPED ND USED ONLY ÅY L RGE ENTERPRISES Origin 6HE ORIGIN L IDE OF THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT W S THE TR NSFER OF THE 'UROPE N TR INING MODULE IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS DEVELOPED WITHIN THE .EON RDO PROJECT &EVELOPMENT OF +NNOV TION &1+ ±)REENING 6ECHNIC L 8OC TION L 'DUC TION ND 6R INING )6 8'6 ² FOR THE CQUISITION ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN SKILLS OWNED ÅY TECHNICI NS IN THE FIELDS OF INDUSTRY MECH NICS ELECTRONICS ND ELECTRIC L SYSTEMS OF THE IRON ND STEEL SECTOR TO THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS 6HE )6 8'6 PROJECT H D EXPLORED SHORT 8'6 SCHEMES WHICH MET THE SKILLS REQUIREMENTS FOR SUST IN ÅILITY HE LTH ND S FETY OF WORKERS IN THE IRON ND STEEL INDUSTRY +N P RTICUL R IT H D DEVELOPED N EX MPLE OF SUST IN ÅLE TR INING MODULE DESIGNED CCORDING TO THE '%8'6 'UROPE N %REDIT SYSTEM FOR 8OC TION L 'DUC TION ND 6R INING ST ND RDS IN ORDER TO M KE IT EXPLOIT ÅLE ND TR NSFER ÅLE TO THE N TION L LOC L 8'6 SYSTEMS CROSS THE '7 )6 8'6 H D ÅEEN JOINTLY DEVELOPED ÅY THREE L RGE ENTERPRISES OF THE MET LWORKING SECTOR 6HYSSEN-RUPP5TEEL 6 T 5TEEL #RCELOR/ITT L IN COLL ÅOR TION WITH THE RESE RCH INSTITUTES OF FOUR '7 COUNTRIES WITH THE IM OF SUGGESTING CTIONS TO IDENTIFY ND NTICIP TE THE IMP CT OF ENVIRONMENT L LEGISL TION ON D ILY WORKING CTIVITIES OF ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS ÅY UPSKILLING THEIR COMPETENCES 6HE PROJECT W S DEFINED S N INNOV TIVE PR CTICE T THE )REEN 5KILLS (ORUM ORG NISED ÅY THE 1'%& ND %'&'(12 WITHIN THE FR MEWORK OF INITI TIVES LED ÅY ND WITH ENTERPRISES +T W S IMPLEMENTED ND SUCCESSFULLY

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TESTED FOR THE CQUISITION OF GREEN SKILLS ÅY ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS ND PPRENTICES Process 9ITHIN THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT THE )6 8'6 IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS W S SPECIFIC LLY IMED T ÅECOMING REFERENCE MODEL I E ÅLUEPRINT FOR THE CQUISITION OF GREEN SKILLS FOR SUST IN ÅLE INNOV TION IN TECHNIC L 8'6 PROGR MS OF OTHER INDUSTRI L SECTORS 5UCCESS W S GU R NTEED ÅY N INDUSTRY DRIVEN PPRO CH ÅOTH IN THE DEFINITION OF NEEDS ND IN THE IDENTIFIC TION OF CONTENTS ND PR CTIC L METHODOLOGIES I E N PPRO CH Å SED ON THE INTER CTION OF MINIMUM ST ND RDS REQUIRED T LEGISL TIVE LEVEL CORPOR TE POLICIES ND THE NTICIP TION OF SKILLS REQUIREMENTS 6HE TR INING SUÅ MODULES WERE DEVELOPED ND TESTED IN FOUR '7 MEMÅER COUNTRIES )ERM NY THE 7NITED -INGDOM 2OL ND ND +T LY THEREFORE THEY C N ÅE D PTED TO DIFFERENT 8'6 SYSTEMS ND CONTEXTS 6O SUM UP )4''0 56#4 H S ÅEEN IMED T D PTING THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN PROCESS OF THE IRON ND STEEL SECTOR M INLY CONSISTING OF L RGE ENTERPRISES TO THE 5/' CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS REL TED TO SEVER L SECTORS MET L WORKS MICROELECTRONICS PL STIC M TERI LS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENT TION OF CLUSTER DRIVEN PPRO CH 6HIS SOLUTION H S EN ÅLED ND WILL EN ÅLE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUIT ÅLE COMPETENCES FOR SUST IN ÅLE INNOV TION IN THE TR INING P THS DDRESSED TO WORKERS ±RESKILLING² ND PPRENTICES ±UPSKILLING² IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT IN PRODUCTION S WELL S SERVICE CTIVITIES ND TO ÅETTER M N GE V IL ÅLE RESOURCES (ROM GEOGR PHIC L POINT OF VIEW RESULTS WERE TR NSFERRED FROM THE )6 8'6°S )ERM N LE D P RTNER THE 7NIVERSITY OF &ORTMUND 67&1 TO +T LY 5P IN 4OM NI ND DISSEMIN TED T '7 LEVEL 6HE TR INING MODULE W S TR NSFERRED TO SM LL ND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE THREE COUNTRIES INVOLVED THROUGH THE D PT TION OF THE SPECIFIC CTION PL NS IMPLEMENTED IN THREE 5/'S WHICH TOOK UP LE D ROLE IN THEIR RELEV NT CLUSTERS 6R NSFER CTIVITIES WERE SUPPORTED ÅY P RTNERSHIP M DE UP OF ENTERPRISES ND 8'6 REPRESENT TIVES SSOCI TED IN %ONSORTIUM $OTH IN ITS STRUCTURE ND IN ITS WORKING METHODOLOGY THIS SSOCI TION W S Å SED ON THE TRIPLE HELIX MODEL ST TE INDUSTRY ¢ UNIVERSITY IMED T STRENGTHENING COOPER TION FOR SUST IN ÅLE INNOV TION ÅETWEEN PUÅLIC ÅODIES SERVICE ORG NIS TIONS ND ENTERPRISES UNIVERSITIES ND 8'6 CENTRES 6HIS PPRO CH IMED T CRE TING F VOUR ÅLE CONDITIONS FOR COOPER TION CROSS THE THREE TYPES OF ST KEHOLDERS THROUGH THE INTER CTION OF THREE DIMENSIONS N MELY KNOWLEDGE POLICIES ND INNOV TION (IN LLY TR NSFER FURTHER CONTINUED FROM ECOLOGIC LLY COMP TIÅLE CH NGE ORIENTED REDUCTION CONTEXTS TO OTHER SECTORS PREVIOUSLY LESS SENSITIVE TOW RDS THESE ISSUES 6HE )ERM N CORE P RTNER 67&1 TR NSFERRED THE DOCUMENT TION TO THE )4''0 56#4 %ONSORTIUM INCLUDING - # REPORT OF THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN N LYSIS CONCERNING THE NECESS RY PROFESSION L SKILLS FOR TECHNIC L FUNCTIONS ND IMED T SUST IN ÅLE INNOV TION CCORDING TO THE '7 LEGISL TION ND THE N TION L REGUL TIONS OF FOUR '7 COUNTRIES - #N N LYSIS REPORT OF THE 8'6 SYSTEMS NTICIP TING THE SKILLS NEEDS FOR SM RT ND SUST IN ÅLE GROWTH IN 'UROPE

GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved 7

-

.E RNING OÃ…JECTS REL TED TO LE RNING UNITS WHICH M KE UP THE MODULE ±5UST IN Ã…LE 6R INING FOR THE 'UROPE N 5TEEL +NDUSTRY² ND H VE Ã…EEN TESTED IN COMP NIES ND WITHIN 8'6 COURSES FOR PPRENTICES - # SUMM RY OF CONTENTS OF THE )6 8'6 TR INING M NU L PRESENTED T THE )6 8'6 FIN L CONFERENCE ON TH (EÃ…RU RY ND THE PUÃ…LISHED FIN L VERSION FROM / RCH 6HE )4''0 56#4 CONSORTIUM LSO USED THE M TERI L ND EXPERIENCE LE RNED FROM THE 2 RTNER TO - 6R NSFER KNOWLEDGE ND METHODOLOGIES DEVELOPED IN L RGE ENTERPRISES ND CONCERNING CONTEXTS P RTICUL RLY SENSITIVE TO THE ISSUES OF SM RT SUST IN Ã…LE ND INCLUSIVE GROWTH TO 5/'S OPER TING IN CONTEXTS WHERE THESE ISSUES RE STILL NOT PERCEIVED S CLOSELY REL TED Ã…UT S OPPOSING NEEDS - 6R NSFER THE METHODOLOGY OF P RTICIP TION WHICH F VOURED THE DEVELOPMENT OF TR INING SCHEMES PERFECTLY IN LINE WITH THE TECHNIC L ND REGUL TORY REQUIREMENTS OF THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN SECTOR ND D PT IT TO ENTERPRISES Ã…ELONGING TO OTHER SECTORS ND THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS CLUSTER DRIVEN PPRO CH - +MPLEMENT THE METHODOLOGY TO NTICIP TE THE GREEN SKILLS NEEDS TO Ã…E DDRESSED Ã…Y LOC L 8'6 SYSTEMS Ã…OTH FOR M LE ND FEM LE WORKERS IN COMP NY ±RESKILLING² ND FOR PPRENTICES T THE VERY Ã…EGINNING OF THEIR PROFESSION L C REER ±UPSKILLING² #CTIONS UNDERT KEN Ã…Y THE )4''0 56#4 CONSORTIUM LLOWED TO - +DENTIFY GREEN SKILLS IN THE REFERENCE CLUSTER IN ORDER TO PROCEED WITH THE INTEGR TION OF TR INING SCHEMES FOR PPRENTICES ND TECHNIC L PROFESSION L PROFILES - 6R NSFER ND D PT THE 'UROPE N MODEL FOR THE CQUISITION OF GREEN SKILLS WHICH W S DEVELOPED FOR THE L RGE ENTERPRISES OF THE IRON ND STEEL SECTOR TO THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS 5/'S IN +T LY 5P IN ND 4OM NI - 'XTEND THE IMP CT OF D PT TION TO OTHER SECTORS ND ST KEHOLDERS Results 6HE DDED V LUE OF THE PROJECT LIES IN STRENGTHENING THE IMP CT OF N EXCELLENT MODEL ON ORG NIS TIONS ND FIN L RECIPIENTS WORKING IN DIFFERENT SECTORS ND SYSTEMS THUS EXTENDING THE GEOGR PHIC L ND SECTOR L SCOPE OF THE RESULTS 6HE INTRODUCTION OF METHODOLOGIES ND CONTENTS DEVELOPED IN SECTOR WITH STRICT ENVIRONMENT L REGUL TORY FR MEWORK WILL PROVIDE THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS M INLY 5/'S WITH INNOV TIVE PPRO CHES FOR ON THE JOÃ… TR INING THUS CONTRIÃ…UTING TO THE ENH NCEMENT OF THE 8'6 ROLE CONCURRING TO SM RT SUST IN Ã…LE ND INCLUSIVE GROWTH %URRENT PR CTICES ND THE RELEV NT LE RNING RESULTS H VE Ã…EEN SSESSED IN TERMS OF EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS FOR SUST IN Ã…ILITY $ SED ON THIS INNOV TIVE N LYSIS Ã…OTH IN TERMS OF METHODOLOGY ND CONTENTS )6 8'6 DEVELOPED 'UROPE N TR INING MODULE INTEGR TING TECHNIC L 8'6 PROGR MMES WITH SPECIFIC FOCUS ON GREEN SKILLS ND ON SUST IN Ã…LE INNOV TION 6HE CONTENTS ND STRUCTURE OF THE MODEL SUÃ…DIVIDED INTO FOUR KEY LE RNING UNITS ENERGY R W

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M TERI LS NOISE POLLUTION ND W STE TRE TMENT H VE ÅEEN SUCCESSFULLY TESTED ND INTEGR TED INTO CONTINUOUS TR INING PROGR MS IMPLEMENTED ÅY THE COMP NIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT 6HE QU NTIFIC TION OF LE RNING RESULTS INTO '%8'6 CREDIT POINTS H S L ID THE NECESS RY FOUND TIONS FOR D PT TION TO THE REFERENCE 8'6 SYSTEMS ND FOR THE TR NSFER OF RESULTS TO OTHER TECHNIC L PROFESSIONS ND INDUSTRI L SECTORS )REEN 5T R P RTNERSHIP WENT FURTHER ÅY TR NSFERRING ND D PTING THE MODULES TO SM LL COMP NIES IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR 6HE P RTICIP TIVE PPRO CH LED TO THE IDENTIFIC TION OF TWO MODULES ENERGY W STE TO ÅE D PTED ND TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MODULE .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT CCORDING TO THE )6 8'6 ÅLUEPRINT ND THE METHODOLOGY 6HE OUTCOMES ND RESULTS RE PUÅLICLY V IL ÅLE THROUGH THE WEÅSITE WWW GREENSKILLS PROJECT EU

1.2

The Partnership

6HE %ONSORTIUM CONSISTS OF GROUP SH RING COMMON INTEREST IN PROVIDING 5/'S ND WORKERS PPRENTICES WITH KNOWLEDGE ND EXPERIENCES CQUIRED ÅY FEW L RGE ENTERPRISES FOR THE UPSKILLING OF TECHNIC L GREEN COMPETENCIES CONTRIÅUTING TO SUST IN ÅLE INNOV TION 5UST IN ÅLE TR NSFER ND IMPLEMENT TION W S T KEN INTO CCOUNT RIGHT FROM THE ÅEGINNING OF THE PROJECT ÅY SETTING UP KIND OF ECO SYSTEM FOR SOCI L INNOV TION PROCESS 6HIS ME NS TH T IN THE REPRESENTED 'UROPE N REGIONS COMP NY TR INING INSTITUTION ND REGION L UTHORITIES WORKING TOGETHER SINCE THE ÅEGINNING OF THE PROJECT GU R NTEEING NOT ONLY THE INTEGR TION OF PR CTIC L RELEV NCE ÅUT LSO THE TR NSFER OF THE RESULTS WITHIN THE REGIONS WITHIN ± CTION PL NS² $ESIDE THE INTEGR TION OF THE KNOW HOW OF THE COORDIN TOR OF THE ÅLUEPRINT )6 8'6 DDITION LLY 'UROPE N INSTITUTION '86# WERE INTEGR TED TO COVER THE 'UROPE N PERSPECTIVE ND TR NSFER ÅILITY 1N THIS Å CKGROUND THE CONSORTIUM H S ÅEEN SET UP WITH THE P RTICIP TION OF THE FOLLOWING MEMÅERS - Applicant co-ordinator (CO-APP) - P0: %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 5 P # +6 +6#.; %OMP NY SERVICES '06%1/25ER - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P1: 6ECHNISCHE 7NIVERSIT ET &ORTMUND 5OZI LFORSCHUNGSSTELLE &' ¢ )'4/#0; 7NIVERSITY OR HIGHER EDUC TION INSTITUTION TERTI RY LEVEL '&7 70+8 - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P2: (EDER CI N 8IZC N DE 'MPRES S DEL /ET L '5 52#+0 'NTERPRISES

6HE ECO SYSTEM PPRO CH IS ÅECOMING MORE ND MORE RELEV NT IN THE SOCI L INNOV TION DEÅ TE IN GENER L EMÅEDDING ST KEHOLDERS ND CTORS FROM ECONOMY POLICY SCIENCE ND CIVIL SOCIETY IN REGION

GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved 9

SOCI L P RTNERS ND THEIR ORG NIS TIONS T LL LEVELS INCLUDING TR DE ORG NIS TIONS ND CH MÅERS OF COMMERCE ND INDUSTRY '06 - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P3: % MER DE %OMERĠ úI +NDUSTRIE %LUJ 41 41/#0+# 'NTERPRISES SOCI L P RTNERS ND THEIR ORG NIS TIONS T LL LEVELS INCLUDING TR DE ORG NIS TIONS ND CH MÅERS OF COMMERCE ND INDUSTRY '06 - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P4: 4EGIONE DEL 8ENETO 5EZIONE . VORO +6 +6#.; 2UÅLIC UTHORITY REGION L 27$ 4') - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P5: # 2 + #22.+%#<+10+ 2.#56+%*' +0&7564+#.+ 5 P # +6 +6#.; 5/' '06 5/' - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P6: $4755 ,706#5 6'%0+%#5 5 . 51% '0 %1/ '5 52#+0 5/' '06 5/' - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P7: 5% 5+06'41/ 5# 41 41/#0+# 5/' '06 5/' - Core partner (PA-CORE) - P8: 'UROPE N 8OC TION L 6R INING #SSOCI TION $' $'.)+7/ #DULT EDUC TION PROVIDERS SSOCI TIONS #5% #&'DU - Silent partner – P9: ( REM 5RL ¢ +6 ¢ +T LY ¢ #DULT ND 8OC TION L TR INING PROVIDER #G INST THIS Å CKGROUND THE CTIVITIES OF THE CONSORTIUM RE DIVIDED S FOLLOWS - 6HE TR NSFERRING P RTNER 2 7NIVERSITY OF &ORTMUND IN COOPER TION WITH THE )6 8'6 P RTNERS PROVIDED ITS SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE TO SUPPORT TR NSFER ND D PT TION OF THE )6 8'6 $LUEPRINT TO THE P RTNERS ¯ DIFFERENT CONTEXTS ND 8'6 SYSTEMS - 9ITH ITS CONSOLID TED EXPERIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF N TION L ND TR NSN TION L PROJECTS THE LE D P RTNER %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 INVOLVED WIDE NETWORK INTO THE PROJECT INCLUDING THE REGION L OFFICES OF THE +T LI N INDUSTRI L M NUF CTURERS° SSOCI TIONS THE RELEV NT SERVICES ND TR INING GENCIES S WELL S THE N TION L LEVEL OF THE +T LI N INDUSTRI L M NUF CTURERS° SSOCI TIONS WITH 5ISTEMI (ORM TIVI %ONFINDUSTRI 5(% ND THE SOME LE DING 'UROPE N ORG NIS TIONS 1'%& ¢ 1RG NIZ TION FOR 'UROPE N %OOPER TION ND &EVELOPMENT %'&'(12 'UROPE N %ENTRE FOR &EVELOPMENT OF 8OC TION L 6R INING ND '741(170& 'UROPE N (OUND TION FOR THE +MPROVEMENT OF .IVING ND 9ORKING %ONDITIONS +T THUS H D THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK ON THE DEM ND S WELL S ON THE SUPPLY OF TECHNIC L TR INING ON THE WORKPL CE

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5IMIL RLY TH NKS TO THEIR CONST NT REL TIONS WITH THE 5/'S IN THEIR RESPECTIVE TERRITORIES THE P RTNERS (EDER CION 8IZC IN DE 'MPRES S DEL /ET L ND THE %H MÅER OF %OMMERCE OF %LUJ PROVIDED THEIR SUPPORT IN F CILIT TING ND CONSOLID TING THE D PT TION OF THE ÅLUEPRINT FOR THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS S WELL S THE DEVELOPMENT OF N E RLY DETECTION SYSTEM OF THE NEEDS FOR GREEN SKILLS ND THE INTRODUCTION OF INTERGENER TION L COOPER TION S N IN COMP NY TR INING METHOD 6HE P RTNERS #2+ 2 $4755 2 ND 5INTEROM 2 RE LE DING 5/'S IN THE CLUSTER OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES ND THEY PROVIDED THEIR SUPPORT IN THE DEFINITION OF THE NEEDS FOR GREEN SKILLS MONG TECHNIC L PROFESSION L PROFILES IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF CTION PL NS TO TEST THE D PT TION OF THE MODULE WHILE LSO MULTIPLYING THE SUCCESSFUL RESULTS TO OTHER COMP NIES OF THE S ME CLUSTER 6HE P RTNERS 8ENETO 4EGION '86# ND („REM SILENT P RTNER SUPPORTED THE IMPLEMENT TION OF THE PROJECT CTIVITIES ND LSO ENSURED THE SUST IN ÅILITY ND ENH NCEMENT OF THE PROJECT RESULTS IN THE CONTINUOUS TR INING ND PPRENTICESHIP SYSTEMS ND FOR OTHER N TION L ND '7 8'6 SECTORS THROUGH THE RELEV NT CH NNELS ND INSTITUTION L NETWORKS

References $OZZOL ) $ Dimensioni ed efficienza nell’economia aziendale (R NCO#NGELI /IL NO %OUNCIL OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy $RUSSELS HTTP REGISTER CONSILIUM EUROP EU DOC SRV L!'0 F!56 +0+6 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Eco-innovation Observatory (EIO) $RUSSELS HTTP WWW ECO INNOV TION EU 'UROPE N %OMMISSION EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) $RUSSELS Å HTTP EC EUROP EU ENVIRONMENT EM S INDEXAEN HTM 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO), Italy Country Profile 2014 $RUSSELS HTTP WWW ECO INNOV TION EU IM GES STORIES 4EPORTS '+1A%OUNTRYA$RIEFA A+T LY PDF 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO), Spain Country Profile 2013 $RUSSELS HTTP WWW ECO INNOV TION EU IM GES STORIES 4EPORTS '+1A%OUNTRYA$RIEFA A5P IN PDF 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO,) Romania Country Profile 2013 $RUSSELS Å HTTP WWW ECO INNOV TION EU IM GES STORIES 4EPORTS '+1A%OUNTRYA$RIEFA A4OM NI PDF 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Regional Innovation Scoreboard - Enterprise and Industry $RUSSELS HTTP EC EUROP EU ENTERPRISE POLICIES INNOV TION FILES RIS AEN PDF

GREEN STAR: Background, Objectives and Partners Involved 11

'UROPE N %OMMISSION High-Level Study Group CARS21 - Key messages from Interim Report $RUSSELS HTTP EUROP EU R PID PRESS RELE SEA/'/1 AEN HTM LOC LE!EN 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Communication to the European Parliament and Council: “A Competitive Automotive Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century: Commission's position on the CARS 21 High Level Group Final Report − A contribution to the EU's Growth and Jobs Strategyâ€? $RUSSELS HTTP EUR LEX EUROP EU LEG L CONTENT '0 6:6 2&( URI!%'.': &% FROM!'0 +06'40#6+10#. .#$174 1((+%' +.1 Matters arising out of the work of the International Labour Conference: Follow-up to the resolution concerning sustainable development, decent work and green jobs )ENEV HTTP WWW ILO ORG WCMSP GROUPS PUĂ…LIC EDANORM RELCONF DOCUMENTS MEETINGDOCUMENT WCMSA PDF .EV UX / / )ENTY $ L’emploi dans la transition ĂŠcologique, Avis du Conseil ĂŠconomique, social et environnemental, Journal Officiel de la RĂŠpublique Française 2 RIS 5TRIETSK +LIN 1 *OFM NN % &URwN * RO / ,EON 5 Skills for green jobs: a global view )ENEV HTTP WWW ILO ORG WCMSP GROUPS PUĂ…LIC DGREPORTS DCOMM PUĂ…L DOCUMENTS PUĂ…LIC TION WCMSA PDF 5YMĂ…OL ¢ 7NIONC MERE Rapporto Greenitaly 2013 - Nutrire il future 4OME HTTP WWW SYMĂ…OL NET SSETS FILES )4''0+6#.; A PDF

2 Green Skills: Relevance and Policies

Giovanni Bernardi, Giulia Meschino, Antonius Schröder )REEN SKILLS RE OF HIGH RELEV NCE NOT ONLY FOR ENVIRONMENT L PROTECTION ÅUT FOR 'UROPE N ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS 'UROPE N POLICIES RE UNDERLINING THIS F CT 6HE FOLLOWING CH PTER WILL FIRST SUM UP ÅRIEFLY Å CKGROUND TO 'UROPE N 8'6 STR TEGIES ND GREEN SKILLS POLICIES SECONDLY REFER TO THE M IN RELEV NT DEFINITIONS OF GREEN JOÅS ND SKILLS ND THE REFERENCE DEFINITION FOR )4''0 56#4 ND THIRDLY THOROUGHLY DESCRIÅE THE ST TUS ND RELEV NCE OF GREEN SKILLS FOR THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2.1

EU VET Strategy and Green Skills Policy

'VEN GENER L '7 STR TEGIES E G .ISÅON 5TR TEGY 'UROPE ND POLICIES RE GIVING THE GROUND FOR THE W RENESS RECOGNITION ND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN SKILLS 6HEREFORE IN THE FIRST P RT THIS STILL RELEV NT Å CKGROUND IS ÅRIEFLY DESCRIÅED FOLLOWED ÅY THE HIGHLIGHTING OF THE RECENT FOCUS ON THE '7 LEVEL

2.1.1 General EU Strategies and Policies Strategies - Lisbon and Europe 2020 6HE .ISÅON 5TR TEGY FORMUL TED ÅY THE 'UROPE N %OUNCIL IN RTICUL TED THE '7°S STR TEGIC INTENT TO ±ÅECOME THE MOST COMPETITIVE ND DYN MIC KNOWLEDGE Å SED ECONOMY IN THE WORLD C P ÅLE OF SUST IN ÅLE ECONOMIC GROWTH ² 6O THESE ENDS TEN YE R PROGR MME IMED T REVIT LISING GROWTH ND SUST IN ÅLE DEVELOPMENT CROSS THE '7 W S EST ÅLISHED ND THIS UNDERPINNED '7

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POLICY FORMUL TION WITHIN THE L ST DEC DE E G 4ENEWED '7 5UST IN Ã…LE &EVELOPMENT 5TR TEGY '7 EDUC TION ND TR INING POLICIES G INED IMPETUS WITH THE DOPTION OF THE 5TR TEGY %OUNCIL OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION 6HE M IN OÃ…JECTIVES WERE ESSENTI LLY TO R ISE THE QU LITY ND EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUC TION ND TR INING SYSTEMS IN THE '7 TO THE HIGHEST LEVELS ND TO E SE CCESS TO EDUC TION ND TR INING FOR LL 6O THESE ENDS THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION INITI TED THE 'DUC TION ND 6R INING WORK PROGR MME 'UROPE N %OMMISSION WITH SPECIFIC EDUC TION ND TR INING Ã…ENCHM RKS SET FOR TT INMENT Ã…Y 6HE .ISÃ…ON 5TR TEGY W S UPD TED THROUGH THE '7 STR TEGY 6HIS UPD TE M INT INS THE THEMES OF ¯GROWTH ND JOÃ…S° ND PL CES THE PERIOD IN THE CONTEXT OF RECOVERY FROM THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ND THE URGENT NEED FOR SUST IN Ã…LE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6HE '7 STR TEGY RTICUL TES THREE M IN PRIORITIES SM RT GROWTH SUST IN Ã…LE GROWTH ND INCLUSIVE GROWTH 'UROPE N %OMMISSION 1F COURSE FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS PROJECT SUST IN Ã…LE GROWTH IS OF THE MOST INTEREST +T IS ENVIS GED TH T THE '7 WILL STIMUL TE SUST IN Ã…LE GROWTH THROUGH TWO FL GSHIP INITI TIVES ¯4ESOURCE EFFICIENT 'UROPE° WHICH IMS TO DECOUPLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FROM RESOURCE ND ENERGY USE Ã…Y REDUCING C RÃ…ON EMISSIONS PROMOTING GRE TER ENERGY SECURITY ND REDUCING THE RESOURCE INTENSITY OF PRODUCTION ND CONSUMPTION ND ¯#N INDUSTRI L POLICY FOR THE GLOÃ… LIS TION ER ° WHICH IMS TO SUPPORT Ã…USINESSES S THEY RESPOND TO GLOÃ… LIS TION THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ND THE SHIFT TO LOW C RÃ…ON ECONOMY The Copenhagen Process 6HE %OPENH GEN 2ROCESS W S L UNCHED IN IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN P N 'UROPE N CO OPER TION IN 8'6 ND CONCOMIT NTLY THE LIGNMENT OF 'UROPE N ND N TION L LEVEL PR CTICE /EMÃ…ER ST TES H VE COMMITTED THEMSELVES TO SET OF COMMON PRIORITIES ND SEVER L UNIVERS L 'UROPE N PRINCIPLES ND INSTRUMENTS H VE THEREFORE Ã…EEN DEVELOPED TO SUPPORT LIFELONG LE RNING ENSURE ENH NCED QU LITY OF 8'6 PROVISION ND F CILIT TE EDUC TION L ND JOÃ… MOÃ…ILITY WITHIN ND Ã…ETWEEN MEMÃ…ER ST TES 2RINCIP LLY THE INSTRUMENTS FOCUS ON THREE PRIM RY GO LS (IRSTLY THE IMPROVED QU LITY OF 8'6 PROVISION T N TION L LEVEL THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF 'UROPE N QU LITY SSUR NCE SYSTEM '3#8'6 5ECONDLY THE F CILIT TION OF COMP RISONS OF QU LIFIC TIONS CROSS 'UROPE THROUGH THE CRE TION OF THE 'UROPE N 3U LIFIC TIONS (R MEWORK '3( WITH WHICH N TION L QU LIFIC TION FR MEWORKS MUST LIGN ND THIRDLY THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREDIT SYSTEM '%8'6 SO TH T WORK EXPERIENCE ND QU LIFIC TIONS G INED IN ONE MEMÃ…ER COUNTRY C N Ã…E V LID TED ND RECOGNISED IN NOTHER The Bruges Communique5 +N &ECEMÃ…ER THE 'UROPE N /INISTERS FOR 8OC TION L 6R INING THE 'UROPE N 5OCI L 2 RTNERS ND THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION MET IN $RUGES TO SET THE PRIORITIES OF THE %OPENH GEN 2ROCESS ND THUS THE COMMON OÃ…JECTIVES FOR VOC TION L

HTTPS WWW ETUC ORG SITES WWW ETUC ORG FILES ST EN PDF HTTP EC EUROP EU EDUC TION POLICY VOC TION L POLICY DOC Ã…RUGESCOMAEN PDF

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 15

TR INING FOR 'UROPE N 7NION +N LIGHT OF THE CH LLENGES CURRENTLY F CING THE '7 THE NEED FOR RESPONSIVE FLEXIÅLE HIGH QU LITY EDUC TION ND TR INING SYSTEMS IS EMPH SISED 6HE %OMMUNIQUE ST TES TH T THE C P CITY OF 8'6 TO RESPOND TO THE CH NGING REQUIREMENTS OF THE L ÅOUR M RKET MUST ÅE ENH NCED ND TH T THE CH NGING L ÅOUR M RKET NEEDS MUST ÅE INTEGR TED INTO 8'6 PROVISION CONTENT INFR STRUCTURE ND METHODS IN THE LONG TERM 6HE TR NSITION TO GREEN ECONOMY IS LSO IDENTIFIED S ¯MEG TREND° WHICH IMP CTS ON SKILL NEEDS CROSS M NY DIFFERENT JOÅS ND SECTORS 6HE %OMMUNIQUE EST ÅLISHES TH T THE L ÅOUR M RKET REQUIRES Å L NCE ÅETWEEN DEVELOPING GENERIC GREEN SKILLS E G REDUCING W STE IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ND MORE SPECIFIC SKILLS E G THE DEVELOPMENT ND UTILIS TION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY The EU and ‘Green Skills’ Policy 6HE '7°S 5UST IN ÅLE &EVELOPMENT 5TR TEGY 5&5 W S L UNCHED UNDER THE USPICES OF THE .ISÅON 6RE TY IN ND THIS OVER RCHING POLICY GO L W S RENEWED IN 6HE 4EVIEW OF THE 5&5 OUTLINES THE PROGRESS M DE IN DDITION TO IDENTIFYING RE S FOR FURTHER CTION 6HE 4EVIEW ST TES TH T WHILST THE '7 H S M INSTRE MED 5& INTO ITS POLICIES THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF SERVED TO HIGHLIGHT TH T SUST IN ÅILITY IS KEY F CTOR FOR MEMÅER ST TES° FIN NCI L SYSTEMS ND THE ECONOMY S WHOLE +T REFERS TO THE 4ECOVERY 2L N FOR JOÅS ND GROWTH FISC L STIMULUS OF '74 ÅILLION L UNCHED ÅY THE %OMMISSION IN WHICH FOCUSED INVESTMENT ON CLE N TECHNOLOGIES ND INFR STRUCTURE ND EMPH SISES HOW CRUCI L IT IS TH T ME SURES TO SUPPORT THE ECONOMY ND REDUCE THE SOCI L IMP CT OF THE FIN NCI L CRISIS RE COMP TIÅLE WITH LONG TERM SUST IN ÅILITY GO LS 6HE 4EVIEW EMPH SISES TH T THE '7 MUST TURN THE CRISIS INTO N OPPORTUNITY TO DDRESS FIN NCI L ND ECOLOGIC L SUST IN ÅILITY ND DEVELOP DYN MIC LOW C RÅON ND RESOURCE EFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE Å SED SOCI LLY INCLUSIVE SOCIETY 6HIS ÅUILDING OF GREEN ECONOMY IS INCRE SINGLY TOUTED S VEHICLE FOR JOÅ CRE TION T 'UROPE N ND N TION L LEVELS 6HE '7 H S LSO EXPLICITLY RECOGNISED TH T GREEN JOÅS REQUIRE GREEN SKILLS ND TH T THESE PL Y CRITIC L ROLE IN SUPPORTING LOW C RÅON ECONOMY E G %'&'(12 '7 POLICY DOCUMENTS IN THIS RE CLE RLY DVOC TE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION T N TION L LEVEL THROUGH FOR EX MPLE SUÅSIDISING RESE RCH ND E RLY ST GE DEPLOYMENT INTO NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 6HIS IS SEEN S ÅEING CRUCI L IN SUPPORTING SUCH JOÅ CRE TION *OWEVER DESPITE THE F CT TH T EDUC TION ND TR INING H VE ÅEEN IDENTIFIED S THE CRITIC L FOUND TION IN TT INING SUST IN ÅLE DEVELOPMENT ND THE CRE TION OF GREEN ECONOMY RESE RCH ÅY '%14;5 FOR THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION HIGHLIGHTS THE EXISTENCE OF ¯GREEN SKILLS G P° ʹǤͳǤʹ ±8 LU ÅLE M TERI LS RE LE KING FROM OUR ECONOMIES +N WORLD WHERE DEM ND ND COMPETITION FOR FINITE ND SOMETIMES SC RCE RESOURCES WILL CONTINUE TO INCRE SE ND PRESSURE ON RESOURCES IS C USING GRE TER ENVIRONMENT L DEGR D TION ND FR GILITY 'UROPE C N ÅENEFIT ECONOMIC LLY ND ENVIRONMENT LLY FROM M KING ÅETTER USE OF THOSE RESOURCES 5INCE THE INDUSTRI L REVOLUTION OUR

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ECONOMIES H VE DEVELOPED ¯T KE M KE CONSUME ND DISPOSE° P TTERN OF GROWTH £ LINE R MODEL Ã… SED ON THE SSUMPTION TH T RESOURCES RE Ã…UND NT V IL Ã…LE E SY TO SOURCE ND CHE P TO DISPOSE OF +T IS INCRE SINGLY Ã…EING UNDERSTOOD TH T THIS THRE TENS THE COMPETITIVENESS OF 'UROPE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION ² 6HE Ã…OVE P R GR PH W S USED Ã…Y THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION IN ,ULY TO DESCRIÃ…E THE SITU TION WHICH W ITS US IF WE KEEP ON RELYING ON LINE R MODEL Ã… SED ECONOMY 6HE 'UROPE N 7NION°S IM IS TO DOPT CIRCUL R Ã… SED ECONOMY IN ORDER TO RE CH N TUR L RESOURCES SUST IN Ã…ILITY ND T THE S ME TIME TO CRE TE COMPETITIVE ECONOMY IN WHICH GREEN JOÃ…S ND SKILLS WILL PL Y KEY ROLE 6HE T RGET TH T THE '7 W NTS TO CHIEVE IN THE REL TIVE FUTURE IS Resource Efficient Europe LSO UNDERLINED Ã…Y THE Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable, inclusive growth %IRCUL R 'CONOMY ME NS TO Ã…ECOME F MILI R WITH TERMS LIKE reusing, repairing and recycling. 0OW D YS EXISTING PRODUCTS ND M TERI LS RE SEEN S MERE W STE Ã…UT WE SHOULD ST RT TO LOOK FRESH T THE GOODS WE Ã…UY +N HYPOTHETIC L CIRCUL R ECONOMY LL PRODUCTS MUST Ã…E INTENTION LLY DESIGNED TO FIT INTO M TERI L CYCLES IN W Y TH T KEEPS THE V LUE DDED FOR S LONG S POSSIÃ…LE ND RESIDU L W STE IS CLOSE TO ZERO #S 'LLEN / C RTHUR EXPL INS WE C NNOT FFORD TO Ã…UY ND DISPOSE GOODS IN THE LONG TERM WE SHOULD Ã…ETTER FOCUS ON THE SERVICE WE Ã…UY NOT ON THE PRODUCT ITSELF 5HE INTERVENED ND PRESENTED THE RESULTS OF M JOR NEW STUDY T THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION°S ST KEHOLDER CONFERENCE ON THE CIRCUL R ECONOMY IN $RUSSELS ON THE TH OF ,UNE 6HE REPORT°S FINDINGS RE WELL TIMED S THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION CONSIDERS ITS CIRCUL R ECONOMY STR TEGY ND CONSULTS WITH ST KEHOLDERS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP CIRCUL R ECONOMY P CK GE Ã…Y THE END OF THE YE R

6HE CIRCUL R ECONOMY FROM HTTP WWW ELLENM C RTHURFOUND TION ORG

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Closing the Loop – Circular Economy: Boosting business, reducing waste, see http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=8260

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 17

Figure 1 Circular Economy: An interactive diagram Ellen Mac Arthur Foundation8 (URTHERMORE THE F CT TH T TOD Y°S CUSTOMERS ÅUY GREENER PRODUCTS SERVICES OR TECHNOLOGIES ÅEC USE THEY WORK ÅETTER S VE MONEY OR ENH NCE HE LTH DOESN°T H VE TO ÅE UNDERESTIM TED / NY MULTIN TION LS LIKE %ISCO 4EN ULT ND 2HILIPS LRE DY H VE CIRCUL R ECONOMY TE M 'CO ÅR NDS INTEGR TE RELEV NT ENVIRONMENT L ÅENEFITS INTO PRODUCTS LONGSIDE COST ND QU LITY ND COMMUNIC TE EVIDENCE Å SED MESS GES VOIDING ±GREENW SHING² +T IS IMPORT NT TO STEP UP THE MÅITION ÅY LOOKING MORE CONCRETELY T W STE M N GEMENT ND THE REL TED KEY SPECTS OF THE V LUE CH IN WHICH RE ESSENTI L IN ORDER TO close the loop OF THE CIRCUL R ECONOMY 6HE CIRCUL R ECONOMY REQUIRES CTION T LL ST GES OF THE PRODUCTS LIFE CYCLE FROM THE EXTR CTION OF R W M TERI LS THROUGH M TERI L ND PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCTION DISTRIÅUTION ND CONSUMPTION OF GOODS REP IR REM NUF CTURING ND RE USE SCHEMES TO W STE M N GEMENT ND RECYCLING +T NEEDS THE INVOLVEMENT ND COMMITMENT OF M NY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE 9HEN T LKING ÅOUT GREEN JOÅS ND GROWTH THERE IS WIDE R NGE OF DIVERGENT INTERPRET TIONS TH T RE USED IN THE '7 )REEN JOÅS WERE PREVIOUSLY CONSIDERED S THOSE INVOLVED WITH PROTECTING ÅIODIVERSITY ND THE N TUR L ENVIRONMENT

6HIS IS JUST SCREEN SHOT ND NOT EVERYTHING IS RE D ÅLE MORE INFORM TION IS PROVIDED ÅY CLICKING ON THE TOPICS IN THE ORIGIN L ON GIVEN 74. 5OURCE HTTP WWW ELLENM C RTHURFOUND TION ORG CIRCUL R ECONOMY CIRCUL R ECONOMY SEE INTER CTIVE SYSTEM DI GR M

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NOW D YS THEY INCLUDE OTHER RE S SUCH S LOW C RÃ…ON TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ND C RÃ…ON FIN NCE 6HE TERMS ±GREEN JOÃ…S² ND ±GREEN SKILLS² RE USED IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS TO SERVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES 6HIS C N LE D TO DISTORTIONS OF ST TISTICS ON GREEN GROWTH 6HE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION USES Ã…RO DER DEFINITION TH N '74156#6 WHICH STIPUL TES TH T ¯GREEN° TECHNOLOGIES ND PRODUCTS MUST H VE N ENVIRONMENT L PROTECTION OR RESOURCE M N GEMENT PURPOSE S THEIR PRIME OÃ…JECTIVE 6HEREFORE IN ORDER TO VOID MISLE DING ST TISTICS Ã…OUT GREEN JOÃ…S ND GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CLE RLY FORMUL TED ND MORE LIMITED '7 WIDE DEFINITION OF GREEN JOÃ…S ND GREEN GROWTH SHOULD Ã…E EL Ã…OR TED 6HE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION THROUGH ITS RO DM P ND POLICIES SET OUT THE W YS FOR THESE NEW CH LLENGES ND OPPORTUNITIES 6HE POLICIES WILL FFECT '7 CITIZENS ND CONSUMERS S USERS OF PRODUCTS ND SERVICES LL ECONOMIC CTORS CROSS THE PRODUCT V LUE CH INS I E M NUF CTURERS DISTRIÃ…UTORS ND RET ILERS ND PUÃ…LIC DMINISTR TIONS Ã…UT WH T RE THE M IN DV NT GES ND OÃ…JECTIVES OF THE POLICIES 6HE POLICIES° IM IS TO CRE TE CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCUL R ECONOMY Ã…Y DDRESSING Ã… RRIERS ND EN Ã…LING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW M RKETS ND Ã…USINESS MODELS IN P RTICUL R - 0ET S VINGS FOR '7 Ã…USINESSES OF UP TO '74 Ã…ILLION - 6HE CRE TION OF NEW GREEN JOÃ…S THROUGH RE SKILLING ND UP SKILLING - +MPROVED SITU TION FOR CONSUMERS - VOIDED POLLUTION ND GREENHOUSE G S EMISSIONS ND SLOWER RESOURCE DEPLETION - +NCRE SE RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY Ã…Y Ã…Y Ã…OOSTING )&2 Ã…Y NE RLY #LL THE OÃ…JECTIVES WERE LSO UNDERLINED IN THE ±%LOSING THE .OOP² CONFERENCE ORG NISED Ã…Y THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION THE TH OF ,UNE IN $RUSSELS 6HE ¯GREENING° OF THE 'UROPE N ECONOMY S OUTLINED IN THE '7 STR TEGY WILL H VE PROFOUND EFFECTS ON THE L Ã…OUR M RKET ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKILLS OF 'UROPE NS 4E SKILLING ME NS IMPROVING THE COLLECTIVE SKILL SET OF ST FF WHILE UP SKILLING IMS TO ENH NCE LRE DY EXISTING SKILLS 6HESE NEW CH LLENGES ON GREEN SKILLS ND R ISED ENVIRONMENT L W RENESS IMPLIES NEW 8'6 STR TEGIES PRIORITIES ND POLICY RECOMMEND TIONS FOR T KING DV NT GE OF THE TR NSITION TOW RDS GREEN ECONOMY Ã…Y F CILIT TING L Ã…OUR M RKET RESPONSES TO EMERGING SKILL NEEDS 6HESE CH NGES M Y LSO LE D TO WHOLES LE CULTURE SHIFT WITH STRONG Ã…OOST FOR INNOV TION ND RESE RCH ND SIGNIFIC NT INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY EDUC TION ND ORG NIS TION TR INING FOR NEW OCCUP TION L PROFILES NEW FUNDING METHODS ND PPROPRI TE POLICIES 6HE Green Employment Initiatives Ã…Y THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION IM TO SUPPORT STRUCTUR L SHIFT TO GREEN GROWTH Ã…Y M XIMISING JOÃ… OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH SETTING OUT POLICY CTIONS TO Ã…E T KEN T 'UROPE N ND N TION L LEVELS INCLUDING - $RIDGING EXISTING SKILLS G PS - #NTICIP TING CH NGE ND SECURING TR NSITIONS - $OOSTING JOÃ… CRE TION

6HIS IS FURTHER EL Ã…OR TED IN CH PTER

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 19

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+NCRE SING D T QU LITY ND MONITORING OF L ÅOUR M RKET DEVELOPMENTS - 2ROMOTING SOCI L DI LOGUE - 5TRENGTHENING INTERN TION L COOPER TION ÅY ENG GING IN THE )REEN )ROWTH -NOWLEDGE 2L TFORM L UNCHED IN ÅY THE )LOÅ L )REEN )ROWTH +NSTITUTE 1'%& 70'2 ND 9ORLD $ NK 'MPLOYMENT ND L ÅOUR M RKET POLICIES RE T THE CORE OF THE 'UROPE N 5EMESTER FOR COORDIN TION OF ECONOMIC POLICY 'UROPE N EMPLOYMENT POLICY NEEDS TO PL Y MORE CTIVE ROLE IN SUPPORTING JOÅ CRE TION ND IN M TCHING L ÅOUR ND SKILLS DEM NDS REL TED TO THE TR NSITION TO THE GREEN ND RESOURCE EFFICIENT ECONOMY 6HERE IS SIGNIFIC NT POTENTI L FOR CRE TING NEW JOÅS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEW ÅLE SOURCES ENERGY EFFICIENCY W STE ND W TER M N GEMENT IR QU LITY RESTORING ND PRESERVING ÅIODIVERSITY CLIM TE CH NGE D PT TION ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN INFR STRUCTURE #S ST TED IN THE '7 S #GEND FOR 0EW 5KILLS ND ,OÅS 'UROPE N %OMMISSION THE %OMMISSION H S SUPPORTED THE SETTING UP OF European Sector Skills Councils ITS T SK IS TO NTICIP TE THE NEED FOR SKILLS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS EFFECTIVELY ND CHIEVE ÅETTER M TCH ÅETWEEN SKILLS ND L ÅOUR M RKET NEEDS 6HEY IM TO - 2ROVIDE MORE ND ÅETTER INFORM TION ÅOUT THE SKILLS SITU TION IN DIFFERENT SECTORS - *ELP TO DEVELOP SKILLS GOVERN NCE IN E CH SECTOR ND N TION L SKILLS POLICIES 5O F R SECTORS H VE ÅEEN RECOGNISED ND H VE ÅENEFITED FROM %OMMISSION FUNDING 6HEY RE 0URSING %ONSTRUCTION 5TEEL ) S Automotive %HEMIC LS (ISHERY (URNITURE 5HIPÅUILDING #UDIO VISU L ND .IVE 2ERFORM NCE #GRICULTURE 'LECTRICITY 5PORTS ND .EISURE ND & IRY 6HE 5KILLS %OUNCIL IN THE #UTOMOTIVE SECTOR IS GOING TO ÅE ÅUILT UP TH NKS TO %.'2# 'UROPE N #SSOCI TION OF #UTOMOTIVE 5UPPLIERS %.'2# WITH OTHER P RTNERS OF THE MET L ENGINEERING ND TECHNOLOGY SECTORS L UNCHED PROJECT IN &ECEMÅER CO FUNDED ÅY THE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION TO INVESTIG TE THE POTENTI L FOR THE EST ÅLISHMENT OF 'UROPE N SKILLS ND EMPLOYMENT COUNCIL FOR THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR 6HIS IMS FOR THE IDENTIFIC TION ND EX MIN TION OF THE L ÅOUR M RKET HUM N RESOURCES ND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR T ÅOTH REGION L ND N TION L LEVEL 6HE PROJECT LSO STRIVES TO EST ÅLISH 'UROPE N NETWORK IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR FOR EXCH NGING INFORM TION ND GOOD PR CTICES T THE 'UROPE N LEVEL +N DDITION THE 'UROPE N 2 RLI MENT ON THE TH &ECEMÅER PPROVED RESOLUTION ON 'CO INNOV TION ¢ JOÅS ND GROWTH THROUGH ENVIRONMENT L POLICY - HIGHLIGHTING THE DU L ENVIRONMENT L ND ECONOMIC ÅENEFITS OF TR NSITION TO GREEN SUST IN ÅLE ECONOMY IN TERMS OF CRE TING SUST IN ÅLE JOÅS - STRESSING TH T THESE OPPORTUNITIES SHOULD GENER TE HIGH QU LITY SUST IN ÅLE JOÅS ÅOTH FOR SKILLED ND UNSKILLED WORKERS ND - ENCOUR GING THE /EMÅER 5T TES TO PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR ÅUSINESSES IN P RTICUL R 5/'S 6HE 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE ''5% EXPRESSED ITS OPINION ±6HE ''5% IS CONVINCED TH T THE TR NSITION TO CIRCUL R ECONOMY COULD IMPROVE THE OUTLOOK FOR CHIEVING THE 'UROPE STR TEGY OÅJECTIVES² 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE C “We need tangible measures and

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practical support for SMEs to become more sustainable and ecological. There is a huge potential for the creation of new jobs, provided we can train people accordingly“ 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE Å 6HE GROWTH OF )REEN 6ECHNOLOGIES ND GOOD PR CTICES IN THE P ST YE RS H S SHOWN TH T INVESTING IN GREEN ND SM RT GROWTH IS HUGE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY TOO GOOD FOR 'UROPE TO MISS OUT ON

2.2 Green Skills for SME Automotive Suppliers: The Neglected and Emerging Relevance Definition of Green Skills 'UROPE N ND 7NITED 0 TION STR TEGIES ND OÃ…JECTIVES SUCH S 'UROPE 5TR TEGY -YOTO 2ROTOCOL ND 4IO 70 %OMMISSION FOR 5UST IN Ã…LE &EVELOPMENT %5& 70 )REEN 'CONOMY 4O DM P ND /ILLENNIUM &EVELOPMENT )O LS /&) SHOW THE GENER L GLOÃ… L ND 'UROPE N IMPORT NCE OF CLIM TE CH NGE ND THE RELEV NCE OF DJUSTMENT ND MITIG TION STR TEGIES TO CLIM TE CH NGE CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES R W M TERI LS ND RECYCLING SUST IN Ã…LE M N GEMENT OF N TUR L RESOURCES Ã…IODIVERSITY ND ECO SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT L MONITORING ENVIRONMENT L FRIENDLY ECONOMY GREEN ECONOMY ND TECHNOLOGY #G INST THIS Ã… CKGROUND CH NGES WITHIN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ND GREENING OF PRODUCTION RE CONTINUOUS CH LLENGE ND RE REM INING MEG TREND DEM NDING REL TED ±GREEN SKILLS² OF THE WORKFORCE IN EVERYD Y WORK 6HE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT Ã… SED ON THE FINDINGS OF )6 8'6 IS REFERRING TO THE INCRE SING RELEV NCE OF ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES IN PRODUCTION ND THE REQUIREMENT OF PPROPRI TE SKILLS ND COMPETENCIES FROM WORKFORCE MEMÃ…ERS P RTICUL RLY FROM SKILLED TECHNIC L WORKERS )REEN JOÃ…S ND GREEN SKILLS M Y Ã…E DEFINED IN DIFFERENT W YS )REEN JOÃ…S RE DEFINED Ã…Y THE +.1 S LL JOÃ…S TH T RE M INT INED OR CRE TED IN THE TR NSITION PROCESS TOW RDS GREEN ECONOMY TH T RE EITHER PROVIDED Ã…Y LOW C RÃ…ON INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES ENTERPRISES OR Ã…Y INDUSTRIES ENTERPRISES WHOSE PRIM RY OUTPUT FUNCTION IS FOR GREENING ECONOMY +.1 6HIS IS SUCH S THOSE GENER TED ND M INT INED IN THE ENVIRONMENT L GOODS ND SERVICES SECTOR 6HE +.1 H S COME UP WITH C TEGORIES OF GREEN JOÃ…S JOÃ…S IN CLE N TECH COMP NIES C TEGORY JOÃ…S IN ORG NIS TIONS WHOSE CTIVITIES RE Ã…Y THEIR VERY N TURE NOT ENVIRONMENT LLY SENSITIVE C TEGORY WORKERS WHO RE DOING SOMETHING OF ENVIRONMENT L Ã…ENEFIT IN ENVIRONMENT LLY SENSITIVE SECTORS C TEGORY ND THE PRODUCTION OF INPUTS FOR ENVIRONMENT L Ã…USINESS CTIVITIES IN SECTORS WHOSE OWN ENVIRONMENT L Ã…EH VIOUR IS NEG TIVE C TEGORY 'X MPLES TH T COULD Ã…E HIGHLIGHTED RE WORKERS IN SOL R PL NT TE CHER CHEMIST DEVELOPING N LTERN TIVE FERTILIZER ND STEEL WORKER PRODUCING STEEL FOR WIND TURÃ…INES

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 21

Category I:

Category II:

1UTPUT IS LOW C RÅON INTENSIVE GREEN SECTOR

1UTPUT IS LOW C RÅON INTENSIVE GREEN SECTOR

1CCUP TION L CTIVITY IS DIRECTED TOW RDS REDUCING )*)

1CCUP TION L CTIVITY IS 016 DIRECTED TOW RDS REDUCING )*)

Example: Worker in solar plant, R&D Example: Teacher, journalist, banker activity in energy efficiency Green employment effects Category III: Category IV: 1UTPUT IS HIGH C RÅON INTENSIVE 1UTPUT IS HIGH C RÅON INTENSIVE ÅROWN ÅROWN SECTOR SECTOR 1CCUP TION L CTIVITY IS DIRECTED 1CCUP TION L CTIVITY IS 016 DIRECTED TOW RDS REDUCING )*) TOW RDS REDUCING )*) Example: Chemist developing Example: Steelworker – steel is supplied alternative fertilizers to windmill

Figure 2 Green job categories – ILO definition (ILO, 2011) #S THE REL TED +.1 PROJECT ST TED NEW GREEN JOÅS RE NOT NECESS RILY HIGH QU LITY JOÅS NONETHELESS THEY CONCUR TO ENSURE S FE ND HE LTHY WORKING ENVIRONMENT TOGETHER WITH MODERN WORK ORG NIS TION NON DISCRIMIN TION ND GENDER EQU LITY MONG OTHERS (URTHER THE +.1 DEFINES GREEN SKILLS ±» S SPECIFIC SKILLS REQUIRED TO D PT PRODUCTS SERVICES OR OPER TIONS TO MEET DJUSTMENTS REQUIREMENTS OR REGUL TIONS DESIGNED TO STEM FURTHER CLIM TE CH NGE OR D PT TO THE IMP CT IT IS LRE DY H VING² +.1 6HIS GENER L DEFINITION S P RT OF THE 1'%&°S ÅRO DER SKILLS CL SSIFIC TION IS COMPLETED WITH MORE VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING 8'6 ORIENTED DEFINITION GIVEN ÅY THE #USTR LI N /INISTERI L %OUNCIL FOR 6ERTI RY 'DUC TION ND 'MPLOYMENT )REEN SKILLS RE DEFINED S ±» THE TECHNIC L SKILLS KNOWLEDGE V LUES ND TTITUDES NEEDED IN THE WORKFORCE TO DEVELOP ND SUPPORT SUST IN ÅLE SOCI L ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT L OUTCOMES IN ÅUSINESS INDUSTRY ND THE COMMUNITY² 6HE 1 0'6 CL SSIFIC TION SYSTEM TIC LLY CL SSIFIES GREEN OCCUP TIONS ND GREEN OCCUP TION L PROFILES ND PROVIDES POSSIÅILITY TO ESTIM TE THE IMP CT OF GREEN SKILLS IN REL TION TO SKILLS CH NGES ND THE NUMÅERS OF JOÅS TH T RE INCLUDED 4EFERRING TO THE 1 0'6 %L SSIFIC TION THREE TYPES OF GREEN SKILLS RE FFECTED - Green increased demand for occupations INCRE SE OF GREEN SKILLS FOR EXISTING OCCUP TIONS

HTTP WWW IVET COM U HTML SEE LSO &IERDORFF ET L &IERDORFF ET L P

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)REEN ENH NCED SKILLS OCCUP TIONS GREEN SKILLS TH T SIGNIFIC NTLY CH NGE THE WORK ND WORKER REQUIREMENTS - 0EW ND EMERGING GREEN OCCUP TIONS UNIQUE WORK ND WORKER REQUIREMENTS RESULTING IN THE GENER TION OF NEW OCCUP TIONS ENTIRELY NOVEL OR ¯ÅORN° FROM N EXISTING OCCUP TION )4''0 56#4 IS REFERRING TO THE FIRST TYPE OF GREEN SKILLS FOCUSING ON NEW GREEN SKILLS WITHIN EXISTING OCCUP TIONS ND WORKING CTIVITIES 6HIS IS IN LINE WITH THE ST TEMENT TH T ±M NY EXISTING OCCUP TIONS ND INDUSTRIES WILL EXPERIENCE GREENING CH NGES TO T SKS WITHIN THEIR JOÅS ND THIS WILL REQUIRE DJUSTMENTS TO THE CURRENT TR INING ND QU LIFIC TION FR MEWORKS FOR THESE OCCUP TIONS² GREENER SKILLS AND JOBS © OECD, CEDEFOP 2014 ¢ *IGHLIGHTS 6HE IMP CT OF THESE THREE TYPES ON THE DEGREE OF SKILLS CH NGES ND THE NUMÅER OF FFECTED JOÅS RE DIFFERENT SEE THE FOLLOWING FIGURE 9HILE NEW GREEN JOÅS RE REQUIRING HIGH CH NGES IN SKILLS ND TEND TO EMERGE IN NEW OCCUP TIONS ÅUT RE STILL REL TED TO LOW NUMÅER OF JOÅS THE GREENING OF EXISTING OCCUP TIONS RE CH R CTERISED ÅY ONLY LIMITED UPGR DING OF SKILLS NEW SKILLS CH NGES FFECTING HIGH NUMÅER OF JOÅS 6HE GREENING OF EXISTING JOÅS LE DS TO MIDDLE R NGE OF CH NGES IN SKILLS ÅUT H S N IMP CT ON HIGH NUMÅER OF JOÅS +NCRE SED DEM ND OF GREEN SKILLS WHICH DO NOT CH NGE THE OCCUP TIONS ÅUT ONLY THE CONTEXT OF THE WORK IS OF LOW RELEV NCE FOR JOÅS ND SKILLS CH NGES

Figure 3 Green Skills and Number of Affected Jobs13 )4''0 56#4 IS DE LING LMOST WITH GREEN ENH NCED OCCUP TIONS ÅUT TO DIFFERENT INTENSITY OF NEW GREEN SKILLS /OST OF THE RELEV NT OCCUP TIONS OF THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS RE FFECTED ÅY NEW GREEN SKILLS OTHER SKILLS RE UPGR DED

HTTP WWW OECD ORG CFE LEED )REENER SKILLSA*IGHLIGHTS 9'$ PDF 6 KEN FROM Schmid, CEDEFOP World Congress on TVET, 13-16 May 2012

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 23

+T IS LSO RELEV NT TO REFER ND DIFFERENTI TE ÅETWEEN GENERIC ND TECHNIC L GREEN SKILLS - )ENERIC SKILLS THE POSSESSION ÅY N INDIVIDU L OF THE QU LITIES ND COMPETENCIES REQUIRED TO MEET THE CH NGING NEEDS OF EMPLOYERS ND CUSTOMERS ND THEREÅY HELP TO RE LISE HIS OR HER SPIR TIONS ND POTENTI L T WORK %$+ 7NDER THIS ÅRO D HE DING 1 0ET INCLUDES Å SIC SKILLS PROÅLEM SOLVING RESOURCE M N GEMENT ND SOCI L SKILLS - 6ECHNIC L SKILLS THE SKILLS NEEDED TO PERFORM THE T SKS REQUIRED TO PRODUCE GOOD OR SERVICE OFTEN INVOLVING N LYSIS EV LU TION OR THE PPLIC TION OF M CHINES OR TECHNOLOGIC L SYSTEMS 'X MPLES OF TECHNIC L SPECIFIC GREEN SKILLS INCLUDE KNOWLEDGE OF SUST IN ÅLE M TERI LS C RÅON ¯FOOT PRINTING° ND ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT SSESSMENT SKILLS %EDEFOP 'X MPLES OF TECHNIC L SPECIFIC GREEN SKILLS INCLUDE KNOWLEDGE OF SUST IN ÅLE M TERI LS C RÅON ¯FOOT PRINTING° ND ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT SSESSMENT SKILLS %EDEFOP 6HE OÅJECTIVE OF )4''0 56#4 Å SED ON )6 8'6 IS TO ENSURE Ccontinuous upgrade of green knowledge, skills and competences of the existing workforce within the automotive supplier industry. 6HIS IS WITHOUT FORGETTING TH T SHORT TERMED ND RESPONSIVE IMPLEMENT TION OF INDUSTRY COMP NY SKILL REQUIREMENTS INTO FORM L EDUC TION ND TR INING ND THE REGION L OR N TION L 8'6 SYSTEMS IS NEEDED TO ENSURE THE SUST IN ÅILITY OF THE GREEN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Green Skills for the Automotive Supplier Industry 4EL TED TO THE THREE DIFFERENTI TIONS FOR GREEN SKILLS 1 0'6 %L SSIFIC TION )4''0 56#4 IS DE LING WITH THE INCRE SE OF GREEN SKILLS FOR EXISTING OCCUP TIONS EMÅEDDING ÅOTH GENERIC ND TECHNIC L SKILLS 9HEN USING THE TERM GREEN SKILLS )4''0 56#4 FOCUSES ON ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN ÅILITY $UT THERE RE CLE R ÅENEFITS IN TERMS OF SOCI L ND ECONOMIC SUST IN ÅILITY TOO #S SKILLS RE CQUIRED ND THEN PPLIED ÅY INDIVIDU LS IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS SKILLS ÅECOME GREEN WHEN THEY RE PPLIED IN GREEN CONTEXTS )REEN SKILLS FOR TECHNIC L 8'6 IN THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY RE TECHNIC L SKILLS ND PPROPRI TE W RENESS WHICH PREVENT ND REDUCE NEG TIVE IMP CTS ON THE INDIVIDU L ND ENVIRONMENT NEIGHÅORHOOD EMPLOYEES IR W TER ND GROUND C USED OR INITI TED ÅY OPER TIONS ND WORK IN ND OR ROUND PRODUCTION )REEN SKILLS IM TO EQUIP SKILLED WORKERS WITH COMPETENCIES FOR ECOLOGIC LLY ND ENVIRONMENT LLY SUST IN ÅLE ÅEH VIOUR WHILST M INT INING HIGH HE LTH ND S FETY ST ND RDS 6HIS COMPRISES KNOWLEDGE ÅILITIES ND TTITUDES - 6O S VE ND REDUCE INPUT OF RESOURCES P RTICUL RLY ENERGY - 6O PREVENT ND REDUCE EMISSIONS POLLUTION ND NOISE - 6O UTILIZE STORE ND DISPOSE W STE M TERI LS IN M NNER TH T CONFORMS WITH ÅEST PR CTICE ENVIRONMENT L PROCEDURES ND UNDERST NDS THE CONSEQUENCES OF NONCONFORMITY - 6O UNDERST ND THE V LUE IMP CT ND LIFECYCLE OF RESOURCES ND M TERI LS - 6O KEEP TR CK OF CURRENT ST ND RDS ND ÅEST V IL ÅLE TECHNIQUES

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The Neglected and Emerging Relevance 6HE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR MEETS THE ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES TO CONSIDER Ã…LE EXTENT Ã…OTH IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENT L POLLUTION ND IN THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY ND RESOURCES +N RO D TR NSPORT CCOUNTED FOR OF TOT L %1 EMISSIONS IN THE '7 RE ''# #CCORDING TO N '+241 STUDY 'UROPE N %OMMISSION CONDUCTED Ã…Y THE ,4% THE TR NSPORT SECTOR CCOUNTS FOR Ã…OUT OF TOT L POLLUTION 9E RE INTERESTED IN DR WING TTENTION TO TWO DIMENSIONS OF THE GREEN ISSUE WHICH RE SPECIFIC OF THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR I E ON THE ONE H ND THE IMPORT NCE ND INFLUENCE OF THE TIME TR JECTORY OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT ¢ .%# S WILL Ã…E FURTHER N LYSED MORE IN DET IL SUÃ…SEQUENTLY ON THE OTHER H ND ITS REL TIONSHIP WITH LOGISTIC STRUCTURE ORG NISED CCORDING TO LONG SUÃ… SUPPLY NETWORKS 6HIS FOCUS OF TTENTION H S ITS IMPORT NCE Ã…OTH FOR THE PRODUCT COMPLEXITY ND FOR THE NUMÃ…ER OF ITS COMPONENTS S WELL S FOR THE WIDE R NGE OF TECHNOLOGIES CONCURRING TO IT ND FIN LLY FOR THE NECESS RY OUTSOURCING STR TEGIES 6HE V RIOUS M TERI LS COMPONENTS ND OTHER PURCH SED EXTERN L INPUTS CCOUNT FOR Ã…ETWEEN ND OF THE PRODUCTION COSTS THUS M KING THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR ONE OF THE SECTORS MOST DEPENDENT ON THE PRODUCTION CH IN 8 N 9EELE 6HIS TREND IS STILL GROWING DESPITE THE OVERC P CITY TTRIÃ…UTED TO THE FIN L SSEMÃ…LERS 1RIGIN L 'QUIPMENT / NUF CTURER 1'/S $Y LINKING TOGETHER THE .%# ND THE PRODUCTION CH IN DISTINCTION IS NECESS RY Ã…ETWEEN POSSIÃ…LE INTERVENTIONS ND EFFECTS CONCERNING THE ISSUE REL TED TO THE SKILLS OF DIFFERENT PROFESSION L PROFILES THE TWO M CRO PH SES OF PRODUCTION ND PRODUCT IN USE OR IN OTHER WORDS SUST IN Ã…LE PRODUCTION ND SUST IN Ã…LE CONSUMPTION .EE +T IS CLE R TH T THE SECOND SPECT WHILE Ã…EING RELEV NT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT IS MUCH LESS SO FOR THE WORKING CTIVITIES OF OUR INTEREST &IRECT EFFECTS REL TED TO PRODUCTION ND INDIRECT ONES REL TED TO USE RE OÃ…VIOUSLY REL TED FROM FUNCTION L POINT OF VIEW HOWEVER THEY C N Ã…E SEP R TED IN TERMS OF GO LS RE S OF INTERVENTION ND GENER TION OF THE NECESS RY COMPETENCES $EFORE THE RELEV NCE OF GREEN SKILLS FOR 5/' IN GENER L ND UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS IN P RTICUL R THE RELEV NCE OF THE FORE MENTIONED .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT WILL Ã…E SHOWN Relevance of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 6HE INTERPRET TION N LYSIS ND INTERVENTION MODEL OF .%# IS WIDELY USED ND KNOWN THEREFORE NY INTRODUCTION TO THIS TOPIC IS NOT NECESS RY *OWEVER MENTION MUST STILL Ã…E M DE OF ITS GRE T SIGNIFIC NCE TO THE EXTENT TH T THIS MODEL H S Ã…EEN IMPLEMENTED S ONE OF THE THREE RELEV NT RE S OF THE )4''0 56#4 14

0OW D YS OF THE WORLD°S TR NSPORT TION SYSTEMS DEPEND ON PETROLEUM Ã… SED FUELS ND PRODUCTS WITH THE GLOÃ… L TR NSPORT TION SYSTEMS CCOUNTING FOR Ã…OUT OF THE WORLD°S OIL CONSUMPTION / YY S # 3 TT WI # 1M R / 5H N &

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 25

TR INING MODULE ND IS DDED S NEW COMPONENT NOT P RT OF THE )6 8'6 ÅLUEPRINT 6HEREFORE HERE THE FOCUS OF TTENTION WILL LIE ON ITS RELEV NCE ±#N ENVIRONMENT L PRESSURE S TO ÅE CONSIDERED ON DIFFERENT PH SES OF .%# IMPOSED ON THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY C NNOT ÅE DENIED² / RTINUZZI ET L (IRSTLY THE FOLLOWING RE S OF INTERVENTION C N ÅE IDENTIFIED SUST IN ÅILITY ND PRODUCTION SUST IN ÅILITY ND PRODUCT USE SUST IN ÅILITY ND END OF LIFE CYCLE #CCORDING TO 9HITELEGG ÅOUT OF THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT CONCERNING THE ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE OF MOTOR VEHICLE C N ÅE TTRIÅUTED TO ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS #ÅOUT OF THE IMP CT IS SSOCI TED WITH THE USE PH SE ND THE REM INING CONCERNS THE POST USE PH SE 6HE FOLLOWING FIGURE SHOWS SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF MOTOR VEHICLE WHICH LSO HIGHLIGHTS THE M IN GREEN ISSUES SSOCI TED WITH E CH PH SE / RTINUZZI ET L P

Figure 4 Simplified model of the life-cycle of a motor vehicle +N CONSIDER TION OF THESE F CTORS THE NEED TO INTRODUCE SPECTS OF ECO INNOV TION PERV DES THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE V LUE PRODUCTION CH IN 6HE INTERMEDI TE ND FIN L PH SES RE PROÅ ÅLY THE MOST INTERESTING ONES IN TERMS OF RELEV NCE FOR THE SPECIFIC SECTOR POLICIES S WELL S ECONOMIC ONES 0EMRY 6HIS SSUMPTION IS M DE NOT ONLY FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE ÅUT LSO IN THE IDENTIFIC TION PH SE OF THE NECESS RY COMPETENCIES #NOTHER IMPORT NT RE SON WHICH LED TO T KING INTO CONSIDER TION THE WHOLE PRODUCTION LIFE CYCLE /ONT LVO ET L IS REL TED TO THE POTENTI L TR DE OFFS WITH THE DIFFERENT PH SES IMPROVEMENTS RESULTING FROM IMP CT REDUCTION IN PRODUCTION PH SE C N LE D TO N INCRE SE IN OTHER PROCESS STEPS $Y W Y OF EX MPLE THE REPL CEMENT OF FEW MET L P RTS WITH PL STIC ONES ON MOTOR VEHICLES PROVIDES N DV NT GE IN TERMS OF THE TOT L WEIGHT OF THE PRODUCT ND CONSEQUENTLY OF FUEL CONSUMPTION R TES *OWEVER THIS CH NGE C N LE D TO N INCRE SE OF CRITIC LITIES IN THE COMPONENT RECYCLING PH SE Suppliers’ relevance on green results #S LRE DY ST TED THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR IS ONE OF THE MOST SUPPLIER DEM ND Å SED PRODUCTION SECTORS ND THIS CH R CTERISTIC LSO H S REPERCUSSIONS IN TERMS OF ECO SUST IN ÅILITY OF THE FIN L PRODUCT 1WING TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF OUTSOURCING THROUGH THE PRODUCTION CH IN C R M NUF CTURERS ÅEC ME W RE OF THE NEED TO DE L WITH THE ENVIRONMENT L PROÅLEM LONG ÅEFORE PRODUCTS ND M TERI LS ENTERED

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THE COMP NY°S DIRECT CONTROL STRUCTURE $RENT (ROM N ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW ND S LRE DY HIGHLIGHTED M TERI LS ND DIFFERENT COMPONENTS DELIVERED Ã…Y SUÃ… SUPPLIERS C N M KE UP TO OF THE TOT L V LUE OF THE VEHICLE THUS THEIR ENVIRONMENT L RELEV NCE MUST Ã…E T KEN INTO CONSIDER TION 1RS TO ND 9ELLS # FEW STUDIES /ONT LVO ET L TTEMPTED TO DEFINE THE POTENTI L FOR GREEN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR WHICH M INLY GOES THROUGH THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUÃ… SUPPLIERS +T IS ST TED G IN TH T IN THIS SECTOR EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THE RELEV NCE R TE OF THESE CTORS IS MONG THE HIGHEST CCORDING TO THE UTHOR°S SCORE T Ã…LE IT R NGES FROM TO 6HE INTRODUCTION OF NEW ECOLOGIC LLY INNOV TIVE M TERI LS SHOWS N IMP CT OF -EMP ET L 1THER UTHORS LSO POINT OUT TH T THE INTRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT L REGUL TIONS GENER TES NEW STIMULI TH T C N FFECT DIFFERENT SECTORS ND TYPES OF INNOV TION /ONT LVO ET L (OR E CH TYPE OF ENVIRONMENT L ND ENERGY REGUL TIONS THESE STUDIES SHOW SEVER L EFFECTS GENER TED IN THE RELEV NT INDUSTRI L SECTORS OF INTEREST 6HE F CT IS LSO HIGHLIGHTED TH T IN LL EX MPLES QUOTED THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR EMERGES S THE LE DING SECTOR TH T DR WS THE M XIMUM POTENTI L DV NT GE FROM GREEN INVESTMENTS ST RTING OF COURSE FROM THE HIGH INCIDENCE ON THE TOT L ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT The potential is there, what about benefits? +N DISCUSSIONS Ã…OUT ENVIRONMENT L STR TEGIES ENTREPRENEURS OFTEN R ISE DOUÃ…TS Ã…OUT THIS QUESTION +S THERE ECONOMIC Ã…ENEFIT IN Ã…EING GREEN OR IS IT JUST INVESTMENT GIFT FOR THE ENTERPRISE Ã…USINESS WHICH IS PROÃ… Ã…LY WORTH DOING ONLY FOR L RGE MULTIN TION L COMP NIES OR WITH THE V IL Ã…ILITY OF INCENTIVE PUÃ…LIC FUNDS &IFFICULTIES IN QU NTIFYING COSTS ND Ã…ENEFITS DERIVING FROM THE IMPLEMENT TION OF ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN Ã…ILITY PR CTICES PRODUCE VERY SUÃ…JECTIVE NSWER TO THIS QUESTION (OR THIS RE SON THE GREEN CHOICE MUST LSO PROVE ITS ECONOMIC SUST IN Ã…ILITY IN ORDER TO Ã…E FE SIÃ…LE FOR 5/' 6HE SITU TION SEEMS TO Ã…E PROGRESSING T LE ST IN THE MEDIUM TERM NOT ONLY Ã…EC USE OF THE IMPLEMENTED POLICIES Ã…UT LSO S CONSEQUENCE OF GRE TER EXTERN L TTENTION Ã…EING SPRE D ON THIS ISSUE ND M KING IT MONG THE TOP PRIORITIES FOR ENTERPRISES Ã…OTH FOR THE PRODUCTS ND FOR THE COMP NY IN TERMS OF IM GE 5EVER L RESE RCH STUDIES ND OPINIONS RE CH THE S ME CONCLUSION TH T COMP NIES C N DERIVE IMPORT NT Ã…ENEFITS FROM IMPLEMENTING SUST IN Ã…LE STR TEGIES IN THEIR CORPOR TE CTIVITIES ON THE CONDITION TH T GLOÃ… L STR TEGIC VISION IS IMPLEMENTED R THER TH N S MERE INDIVIDU L CTIONS $ONN ND (ISHER )REEN CTIONS C N PRODUCE DV NT GES FOR INDUSTRI L PURPOSES ND FOR THE GLOÃ… L COMP NY IM GE EVERY TIME THEY TR NSL TE INTO LONG L STING COMPETITIVE DV NT GES /OREOVER THEY NEED TO Ã…ECOME KEY ELEMENT OF THE CORPOR TE MISSION ND OF THE GLOÃ… L STR TEGIC PL N 6HE GROWTH IN THE WORLD PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES H S C USED N IMPORT NT ENVIRONMENT L PROÃ…LEM Ã…OTH T LOC L ND T INTERN TION L LEVEL )ERR RD ND - NDLIK R % R M NUF CTURERS VEHICLE PRODUCERS ND SUPPLIERS RE INTRODUCING GREEN STR TEGIES S ST ND RD PR CTICES IN THEIR

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 27

PRODUCTION ROUTINE FOR SEVER L RE SONS LEG L ND ECONOMIC RE SONS INCRE SE OF COMPETITIVENESS IMPROVEMENT OF THE COMP NY IM GE 4EG RDING THIS ISSUE FEW STUDIES SHOW TH T THE IMPLEMENT TION OF M N GEMENT PR CTICES TO DE L WITH ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES PRODUCES ÅENEFITS ND DV NT GES FOR THE COMP NIES E G <HU ND )ENG <HU ET L MONG WHICH POSSIÅLE IMPROVEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY COMPETITIVENESS PROFIT ÅILITY ND ONCE G IN IM GE 6HESE DV NT GES C N ÅE OÅT INED THROUGH THE DEFINITION OF TWO Å SIC OÅJECTIVES THE REDUCTION OF W STE PRODUCED ND THE M XIMIS TION OF EFFECTIVENESS IN THE USE OF RESOURCES ÅY ME NS OF RECYCLING ND REUSE The relevance of SMEs as suppliers in the Green Supply Chain (GSC) %OMPETITIVENESS H S OÅVIOUSLY INCRE SED LRE DY EXTREME TENSIONS ON COSTS 'VEN TR DITION L C R WITH C RÅON Å SED FUEL ÅUT GREENER IN THE MORE MODERN TR DITION L TECHNOLOGIES LRE DY V IL ÅLE C N COST ÅOUT TO 'UROS MORE 6HESE DDITION L GREEN REL TED COSTS RE L RGELY OFFLO DED ON SUPPLIERS ND RE ÅSORÅED IN COSTS FOR DESIGN FOR THE LE RNING OF COST S VING STR TEGIES ND ÅY TR DITION LLY RESORTING TO OUTSOURCING 6HE EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF SUPPLIERS ND SUÅ SUPPLIERS LONG ITS V LUE CH IN IS PRESSURISED ÅY COST REDUCTION +N THIS TIER STRUCTURED SYSTEM LOWER LEVEL ORG NIS TIONS PROVIDE N INPUT TO THE HIGHER LEVEL SUPPLIER UNTIL THE FIN L C R SSEMÅLY 6HIS LENGTHENING ND SC TTERING OF THE SUPPLIER NETWORK OR CH IN INCRE SES THE NUMÅER ND LSO THE CENTR L ROLE OF 5/' SUPPLIERS WHICH RE GENER LLY SM LL ND NOW LSO FR GMENTED +T IS DIFFICULT FOR THESE COMP NIES TO FIND THE RESOURCES TO INNOV TE VERSUS GREEN ISSUES ND THEY L CK THE SUIT ÅLE SIZE TO DDRESS THE HIGH VOLUME REQUIREMENTS OF ST ND RDIS TION 1N THE FIRST TIER INSTE D SUPPLIERS H VE IMPLEMENTED GLOÅ LIS TION ND GGREG TION STR TEGIES ND THEIR SIZE H S ÅECOME IMPORT NT E G $OSCH 8 LEO ETC #S F R S THE VER GE SIZE OF THE SUPPLY Å SE COMP NIES IS CONCERNED ENTERPRISES TEND TO ÅE SM LL WITH THE EXCEPTION OF )ERM NY / C0EILL ET L 6HE VER GE NUMÅER OF WORKERS IS IN )ERM NY IN 5WEDEN IN (R NCE IN +T LY IN 5P IN 6HE SM LL ND MEDIUM SECTOR CHOOSES - 6O INNOV TE ND DD V LUE TO THE PRODUCT - 6O CONSOLID TE OR COOPER TE IN ORDER TO REDUCE FIXED COSTS ND CHIEVE L RGER SC LE - 6O DIVERSIFY WITH THE S ME TECHNOLOGIES IN OTHER INDUSTRI L SECTORS TO VOID ÅEING EXCLUSIVELY DEPENDENT ON THE MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY 6HESE CHOICES M INLY DEPEND ON SPECIFIC POSITIONING IN THE V LUE CH IN WITH SHIFT FROM PRODUCT Å SED DOWNSTRE M LOGIC TO TECHNOLOGY Å SED UPSTRE M ONE #S F R S THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN SKILLS IS CONCERNED S THE SUPPLY CH IN GR DU LLY ÅECOMES MORE INTEGR TED THE OPINION INEVIT ÅLY RISES TH T THE RESULT DEPENDS NOT SO MUCH ON THE SINGLE ENTERPRISE ÅUT R THER ON THE WHOLE CH IN 6HIS LE DS TO THE GREEN SUPPLY CH IN 5EURING ET L )5% LOGIC 9HEN THE FOC L COMP NY IS UNDER PRESSURE IT USU LLY P SSES THIS PRESSURE ON TO ITS SUPPLIERS *ERE ONE DISTINCTIVE FE TURE OF THE SUST IN ÅLE SUPPLY CH IN M N GEMENT EMERGES

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1'/ COMP NIES 1RIGIN L 'QUIPMENT / NUF CTURER NEED TO DEVELOP STR TEGIES ND PPRO CHES TH T FOSTER THE WILLINGNESS MONG SUPPLIERS TO T KE P RT IN GREEN SUPPLY CH IN INITI TIVES )REEN 5UPPLY %H IN / N GEMENT )5%/ IS ¯¯ N ORG NIZ TION L PHILOSOPHY WHICH HELPS ORG NIZ TIONS ND THEIR P RTNERS TO CHIEVE CORPOR TE PROFIT ND M RKET SH RE OÅJECTIVES ÅY REDUCING ENVIRONMENT L RISK ND IMP CTS WHILE IMPROVING ECOLOGIC L EFFICIENCY°° 4 O ND *OLT 6HREE SPECTS H VE OFTEN ÅEEN MENTIONED S Å RRIERS TOW RDS IMPLEMENTING SUST IN ÅLE SUPPLY CH INS HIGHER TR NS CTION COSTS COORDIN TION EFFORT ND COMPLEXITY ND INSUFFICIENT OR MISSING COMMUNIC TION IN THE SUPPLY CH IN MOSTLY ON MEDIUM TERM TECHNOLOGIES ND PRODUCT TRENDS TH T 1'/S RE RELUCT NT TO RELE SE TO SUPPLIERS 6HESE Å RRIERS RE M INLY Å SED ON THE REL TIONSHIP ÅETWEEN 1'/S ND SUPPLIERS WHICH C N ÅE DIFFERENT IN SEVER L INDUSTRI L CONTEXTS ND MONG COMP NIES WHICH RE MORE OR LESS DELOC LISED FROM THEIR TERRITORY OF ORIGIN ÅUT MOST OF LL ON THE SOURCING POLICIES IMPLEMENTED ÅY 1'/S WHICH INVOLVE SUPPLIERS TO WIDER OR LESSER EXTENT INTO THEIR STR TEGIC CHOICES +N NY C SE THE FIN L GREEN RESULTS L RGELY DEPEND ON SUÅ SUPPLIERS 'XTERN L PRESSURE ND REGUL TIONS H VE ÅEEN DRIVING FOC L FIRMS TO TURN TOW RDS INCLUDING SM LL ND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES 5/'S IN THE ENVIRONMENT L IMPROVEMENT PROCESS OF ENTIRE SUPPLY CH INS M INLY FOR TWO RE SONS (IRSTLY DISRUPTION RISKS ENGENDERED ÅY ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES C N P SS ON THROUGH SUPPLIERS 6HE PROÅLEM TIC WIRES WITH HIGH LEVELS OF C DMIUM SUPPLIED ND SSEMÅLED IN THE 5ONY 2L YST TION IS CL SSIC EX MPLE +F THERE IS N INCONVENIENCE FOR THE FIN L PRODUCT WHICH IS NEG TIVE FOR THE ÅR ND IM GE THE ÅL ME IS ON THE SUPPLIER ÅENE TH FFECTING NEG TIVELY THE ÅR ND IM GE 5ECONDLY THE SUPPLY CH IN Å SE PRIM RILY CONSISTS OF 5/'S (OR EX MPLE PERCENT OF THE SUPPLIERS IN THE -ORE N UTOMOÅILE INDUSTRY RE 5/'S %HOI 6HEREFORE THE INVOLVEMENT OF 5/' SUPPLIERS IS VIT LLY IMPORT NT IN CHIEVING CORPOR TE ENVIRONMENT L T RGETS *OLT ET L 6HE )REEN 5UPPLY %H IN )5% ENCOMP SSES ÅRO D R NGE OF PR CTICES FROM GREEN PURCH SING TO INTEGR TED SUPPLY CH INS FLOWING FROM SUPPLIERS TO M NUF CTURERS TO CUSTOMERS ND TO THE REVERSE SUPPLY CH IN WHICH IS ±CLOSING THE LOOP² 4 O ND *OLT (ROM LIFE CYCLE PERSPECTIVE INITI TIVES STRIVING TO CHIEVE THE GO L OF THE )5% NOT ÅLE ENVIRONMENT L ND ECONOMIC G IN FOR THE ENTIRE SUPPLY RE H RD TO IMPLEMENT SUCCESSFULLY WITHOUT THE DEEP INVOLVEMENT OF THE SUPPLY CH IN P RTNERS +N OTHER WORDS IT IS CRUCI L TO INCLUDE 5/' SUPPLIERS IN THE SUPPLY CH IN WIDE ENVIRONMENT L IMPROVEMENT PROCESS #S RESULT 5/' SUPPLIERS C N ÅE CONSIDERED S THE MISSING LINKS .EE ÅETWEEN 5/' ENVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT ND GREEN ISSUES IN THE SUPPLY CH IN M N GEMENT 5M LL ND MEDIUM SIZED SUPPLIER FIRMS H VE LIMITED V IL ÅLE RESOURCES TO IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENT L C P ÅILITIES ND USU LLY L CK THE INFORM TION RESOURCES OR EXPERTISE TO DE L WITH ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES 6HEY H VE LITTLE KNOWLEDGE IN ÅRINGING INTO EFFECT THE TECHNIC L ND M N GERI L CH NGES TH T WOULD EN ÅLE THEM TO MEET EMERGING ENVIRONMENT L ND SOCI L ST ND RDS .UKEN ND 5T RES

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 29

6HEREFORE COMPETITION IS MOVING FROM LESS ±FIRM VS FIRM² TO Ã…ECOME MORE ±SUPPLY CH IN VS SUPPLY CH IN² ORIENTED *ULT ET L 6HERE IS LSO NEGLECTED SPECT IN THE RELEV NCE TOPIC /OST STUDIES H VE FOCUSED ON PRODUCER ND OR M NUF CTURER REL TED SPECTS WHILE SUPPLIER SPECTS RE R RELY EXPLORED % NIELS ET L %OMP NIES TH T DOPT CLE R PPRO CH TO GREEN PR CTICES IN COMÃ…IN TION WITH PPROPRI TE INTERN L SUPPLIER M N GEMENT STR TEGIES RUN REDUCED OR MINIM L RISK OF LOSING THEIR REPUT TION WHICH IN TURN LE DS TO COMPETITIVE DV NT GE .EPPELT ET L Difficulties in characterising green strategies in SMEs #S LRE DY ST TED SPECTS LIKE IM GE ND PUÃ…LIC PERCEPTION OF N UTOMOTIVE 1'/ 1RIGIN L 'QUIPMENT / NUF CTURER WITH RESPECT TO GREEN ISSUES IS NOT ONLY DEPENDENT ON ITS OWN GREEN PERFORM NCE Ã…UT LSO ON THE PERFORM NCE OF ITS SUPPLY CH IN MEMÃ…ERS SINCE THE 1'/ IS HELD RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR THE SUST IN Ã…ILITY OF THE ENTIRE CH IN 6HIS INVOLVEMENT OF SUPPLIERS IN THE 1'/°S PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT H S LED TO 8OLP TO ET L - 6HE RELOC TION OF KNOWLEDGE ND T SKS WITHIN THE SUPPLY CH IN - # M JOR ORG NIS TION L CH NGE WITHIN THE 1'/ ND IN THE Ã…UYER SUPPLIER REL TIONSHIP INFORM TION FLOWS TE M ST FFING ND Ã…UILDING ETC - 6HE REDEFINITION OF THE TOOLS M N GING THE REL TION OF THE INVOLVED COMP NIES ND Ã… SED ON ENGINEERING PR CTICES &ESPITE THE PP RENT PRESSURE IN M JOR Ã…R NDS THE OVER LL SIZE ND FREQUENCY OF ENVIRONMENT L REGUL TIONS SIGNIFIC NTLY SSOCI TED WITH INNOV TIONS IS REL TIVELY LOW COMP RED TO OTHER SECTORS $I NCHI ET L 6HE INTRODUCTION OF PRO CTIVE GREEN STR TEGY WITHIN 5/'S IS RE LLY PROÃ…LEM TIC FOR TWO M JOR RE SONS (IRSTLY IT REQUIRES RESOURCES ND SKILLS TH T IN M NY C SES RE NOT V IL Ã…LE IN 5/'S 5ECONDLY T PRESENT IT C N H RDLY Ã…E JUSTIFIED FROM N ECONOMIC ND COMPETITIVE POINT OF VIEW SINCE M N GEMENT H S TO INVEST SIGNIFIC NT FIN NCI L RESOURCES NEW EQUIPMENT TR INING CRE TION OF NEW SKILLS ETC WITHOUT NY CERT IN RETURNS IN THE SHORT MEDIUM TERM +T MUST Ã…E REMEMÃ…ERED TH T MOST CUSTOMERS DO NOT YET WISH TO P Y N DDITION L PRICE FOR ENVIRONMENT LLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS PROCESSES +T IS THUS VERY DIFFICULT FOR 5/'S TO PUÃ…LICISE THEIR EFFORTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT L FIELD TO EXTERN L ST KEHOLDERS THUS OFTEN CRE TING PROÃ…LEMS IN TERMS OF ±GREEN² IM GE 0EVERTHELESS FOR DEC DES C R M NUF CTURERS H VE RE LISED THE IMPORT NCE ND THE COMPETITIVE DV NT GE OF ENVIRONMENT L PROTECTION ESPECI LLY IN THE )ERM N UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY WHICH H S LW YS Ã…EEN LONG TERM ORIENTED #TTENTION TO ENVIRONMENT L SPECTS Ã…EGINS Ã…Y INTRODUCING NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE M NUF CTURING PROCESS LSO IN CLOSE COOPER TION WITH SUPPLIERS 1'/S DEVELOP THEIR OWN ST ND RDS TH T USU LLY GO Ã…EYOND THE +51 REQUIREMENTS P RTICUL RLY WHEN IT COMES TO ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES 6HESE GREEN ST ND RDS RE DEFINED Ã…Y THE C R M NUF CTURER Ã…UT SOMETIMES THEY RE LSO DEVELOPED TOGETHER WITH KEY SUPPLIERS 6YPIC LLY L RGE Ã…UYERS P SS ON ECOLOGIC L PRESSURE LONG THE SUPPLY CH IN TO THEIR SUPPLIERS THUS INCRE SING THE EXPOSURE OF UPSTRE M SUPPLY CH IN MEMÃ…ERS

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TO ENVIRONMENT L REGUL TIONS 0OCI ND 8ERG NTI 1NE PPRO CH TO CCOMPLISH Ã…ETTER ENVIRONMENT L SUPPLIER PERFORM NCE IS VI THE DIFFUSION OF ST ND RDISED ENVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT SYSTEMS SUCH S +51 (OC L COMP NIES MIGHT EST Ã…LISH THIS S N ±ORDER QU LIFIER² WHICH H S TO Ã…E MET Ã…EFORE SUPPLIER IS CONSIDERED FOR N ORDER T LL <HU ND )ENG 1Ã…VIOUSLY THOSE WHO RE INTERESTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT ND ENFORCEMENT OF +51 H VE LRE DY IMPLEMENTED IT THERE IS DIFFERENCE IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF ENVIRONMENT L PR CTICES Ã…ETWEEN COMP NIES TH T POSSESS SOME FORM OF CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT SYSTEM +51 OR '/5 ND THOSE TH T DO NOT H VE NY SYSTEM OF THIS KIND %OMP NIES WITH CERTIFIED '/5 RE LSO M KING DDITION L ENVIRONMENT L DEM NDS ON THEIR SUPPLIERS 6HIS POSITIVE REL TIONSHIP W S FOUND TO EXIST Ã…ETWEEN THE POSSESSION OF CERTIFIED '/5 SPECIFIC LLY +51 ND N ECO M N GEMENT ND UDIT SCHEME ND THE ENVIRONMENT L DEM NDS TH T THESE ORG NIS TIONS IMPOSE ON THEIR SUPPLIERS )ONZ LES ET L 6HERE IS RESIST NCE IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF +51 ST ND RDS WHICH IS JUSTIFIED Ã…Y THE OFTEN UNGROUNDED FE R OF DDITION L COSTS Ã…EING UNSUST IN Ã…LE IN TERMS OF SIZE TYPE OF STRUCTURE STR TEGY ND SUNK INVESTMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS New skills for the green sector 6HE UTOMOÃ…ILE INDUSTRY IS SECTOR WITH M INLY Ã…LUE COLL R EMPLOYMENT ROUND /IR ND ET L HOWEVER THE SKILLS Ã… SE IS CH NGING S VEHICLES Ã…ECOME MORE SOPHISTIC TED ND DEM NDS FOR QU LITY Ã…ECOME MORE STRINGENT 6HEREFORE PRODUCTION REQUIRES NEW SKILLS ¢ FOR EX MPLE IN SOFTW RE COMPETENCIES IN FITTING ND TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN USING ROÃ…OTS OR PROCESS CONTROLS # NUMÃ…ER OF P RTICUL R SKILLS NEEDS RE IN THE DESIGN ND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONICS ND IN THE SOFTW RE TO INTEGR TE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS 5KILLS SHORT GES DO POSE RECRUITMENT PROÃ…LEMS FOR THE SM LLER COMP NIES IN THE SUPPLY CH IN 9E KNESSES EMERGING HERE M INLY CONCERN THE FOLLOWING SPECTS - 5M LLER SUPPLIERS R NKING LOWER IN THE SUPPLY CH IN RE THRE TENED WITH COMPETITION FROM LOW COST LOC TIONS - &IFFICULTIES RISE IN RECRUITING THE SKILLS NEEDED FOR THE FUTURE ¢ ESPECI LLY IN THE SM LLER SUPPLY COMP NIES 6R INING NEEDS FOR THE GREEN ECONOMY RE NOT VERY DIFFERENT FROM THE NEEDS IN THE TR DITION L ECONOMY SPECIFIC GREEN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IS NOT HIGH IN THE FIRMS° TR INING ND SKILLS NEEDS 1THER MORE GENERIC SKILLS SEEM TO Ã…E MORE USEFUL FOR THE GREEN ECONOMY 6HE 1'%& SURVEYS ON ±.EVER GING 6R INING ND 5KILLS &EVELOPMENT IN 5/'S² ND ±%LIM TE %H NGE 'MPLOYMENT ND .OC L &EVELOPMENT² FOUND LOW LEVELS OF DEM ND FOR SPECIFIC GREEN SKILLS TR INING 9HEN SKED What formal education training have you or your staff undertaken in the past 12 months?', FEW RESPONDENTS CONFIRMED H VING H D FORM L TR INING ON GREEN SKILLS 6HIS CONFIRMS TH T SPECIFIC ±GREEN SKILLS² RE GENER LLY STILL NOT CONSIDERED S PRESSING NEED FOR FIRMS 6R INING IN THIS FIELD REM INS UNDERDEVELOPED 6HE IM OF THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT IS TO CONTRIÃ…UTE TO DE LING WITH THESE PERSISTING DIFFICULTIES CONSIDERING TH T THERE RE TWO RE SONS EXPL INING FOR THIS

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 31

LOW LEVEL OF DEM ND FOR TR INING IN GREEN SKILLS 1N THE ONE H ND THE LIMITED V IL Ã…ILITY OF GREEN TR INING SERVICES IN THE M RKET M KES IT DIFFICULT FOR Ã…USINESSES TO FIND THE RIGHT TR INING 1N THE OTHER H ND THE DIFFICULTIES FOR 8'6 FIRMS ND TR INERS TO DESIGN CURRICUL TH T RE RELEV NT FOR Ã…USINESSES IN THEIR DJUSTMENT PROCESS LSO PL YS ROLE IN EXPL INING THIS LOW P RTICIP TION IN GREEN TR INING 5OME NEW JOÃ…S WILL Ã…E CRE TED SOME JOÃ…S WILL Ã…E LOST ND M NY JOÃ…S WILL Ã…E RESTRUCTURED INVOLVING THE UPGR DING OF EXISTING SKILLS # SIGNIFIC NT RESE RCH STUDY /IR ND ET L SHOWS TH T MONG THE SPECIFIC GREEN SKILLS REQUESTED FROM COMP NY°S ST FF THE TOP OF THE LIST REQUIREMENTS CONCERN KNOWLEDGE Ã…OUT CERTIFIC TION PROCEDURES ND ST ND RDS FOLLOWED Ã…Y W STE ND ENERGY PROÃ…LEMS FOR Ã…OTH WHICH T KE THE LE D ON THE OTHER SPECIFIC SKILLS REQUIREMENTS #NOTHER SPECIFIC COMMENT CONCERNS THE ±TOP² DESIGNER LEVELS '3( LEVELS WHOSE Ã… SIC COMPETENCIES NEED TO Ã…E UPD TED WITH DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT SKILLS &(' IN DDITION TO THE LRE DY DEVELOPED COMPETENCIES IN DESIGN FOR SSEMÃ…LY ND DESIGN IN M NUF CTURING GENER LLY REFERRED TO S &(X &ESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT SKILLS &(' IS IMPORT NT Ã…EC USE OF COSTS OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT M NUF CTURING ND USE RE DECIDED IN THE E RLY DESIGN ST GES 6HE M JOR ISSUES TO Ã…E T KEN INTO CONSIDER TION LRE DY IN THE DESIGN PH SE I E COMPETENCIES TO Ã…E DEVELOPED Ã…Y INDUSTRI L DESIGNERS M INLY CONCERN - (UNCTION LITY ND PERFORM NCE THE PRODUCT MUST DO THE JOÃ… - / NUF CTUR Ã…ILITY LOGISTICS ONE SHOULD Ã…E Ã…LE TO M KE THE PRODUCT - 4ELI Ã…ILITY S FETY THERE MUST Ã…E SOME QU LITY ST ND RD 6HE DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT OR DESIGN FOR SUST IN Ã…ILITY &(5 ENSURES TH T THE NEEDS OF Ã…OTH THE Ã…USINESS CUSTOMER ND SOCIETY RE MET WHILE PROTECTING THE ECOSYSTEM &(' &(5 C N Ã…E FURTHER SPECIFIED S DESIGN FOR RECYCL Ã…ILITY DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN TO MINIMIZE M TERI L US GE DESIGN FOR DUR Ã…ILITY ND DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY / YY S ET L New skills for new supplier roles 6HE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUPPLIERS THEIR POSITION IN THE PRODUCTION CH IN IMPLIES NOT ONLY DIFFERENCES IN TECHNOLOGIC L COMPETENCIES Ã…UT LSO TO THE TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT +N OTHER WORDS NOT LL SUPPLIERS RE EQU L WITH RESPECT TO THE NEED FOR GREEN SKILLS 8ELOSO ET L 6HEY C N Ã…E Ã… SIC LLY DISTINGUISHED INTO THE FOLLOWING C TEGORIES - 5YSTEMS +NTEGR TOR 5UPPLIERS C P Ã…LE OF DESIGNING ND INTEGR TING COMPONENTS SUÃ… SSEMÃ…LIES ND SYSTEMS INTO MODULES - )LOÃ… L 5T ND RDIZER ¢ 5YSTEMS / NUF CTURER %OMP NY TH T SETS THE ST ND RD ON GLOÃ… L Ã… SIS FOR COMPONENT OR SYSTEM 6HESE FIRMS RE C P Ã…LE OF THE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ND M NUF CTURING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS ¯Ã…L CK Ã…OX° DESIGN - %OMPONENT 5PECI LIST # COMP NY TH T DESIGNS ND M NUF CTURES SPECIFIC COMPONENT OR SUÃ…SYSTEM FOR GIVEN C R OR PL TFORM 6HESE C N INCLUDE ±PROCESS² SPECI LISTS

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4 W / TERI L 5UPPLIER # COMP NY TH T SUPPLIES R W M TERI LS TO THE 1'/S OR THEIR SUPPLIERS &URING RECENT YE RS DEVELOPMENT C P Ã…ILITY EMERGED S THE CRITIC L ISSUE DIFFERENTI TING SUPPLIER ROLES 2RODUCT PROLIFER TION ND THE INCORPOR TION OF MORE TECHNOLOGY IN MOTOR VEHICLES GENER TED THE NEED TO DISPERSE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE SUPPLY CH IN #S RESULT 1'/S ND FIRST TIER SUPPLIERS M KE DET ILED SSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT RESPONSIÃ…ILITIES TH T SM LLER SUPPLIERS RE C P Ã…LE OF CCEPTING 6HIS ME NS TH T SUPPLIERS RE SKED NOT ONLY Ã…OUT THEIR PRODUCTION C P Ã…ILITY Ã…UT LSO Ã…OUT ORG NIS TION L ND DESIGN C P CITY ESPECI LLY #NOTHER SPECT REL TED TO NEW TR INING SKILLS DERIVES FROM THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY Ã…OTH FOR GREEN PRODUCTION E G ELECTRIC C RS ND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TR DITION L PRODUCTS E G CONVENTION L FUEL POWERED C RS 6HESE NEW REQUIREMENTS DEM ND NOT ONLY GREEN SKILLS Ã…UT LSO NEW COMPETENCIES WITH RESPECT TO NEW M TERI LS TECHNOLOGIES ETC S THE TECHNOLOGIC L R NGE OF C R IS EXTREMELY COMPLEX 6HE THEME OF THE NEW TECHNIC L ND PRODUCTION TRENDS IS OF HUGE EXTENT EVIDENT IN THE RELEV NT LITER TURE # SUMM RY N LYSIS WHICH IS SUIT Ã…LE FOR THE GO LS OF THIS P PER IS SUGGESTED IN THE STUDY CONDUCTED Ã…Y 2H L N EXPERT OF RO DM PS WHO DEVELOPS THE FOLLOWING FIVE RO D M PPING TOPICS - 'NGINE ND 2OWERTR IN - *YÃ…RID 'LECTRIC ND #LTERN TIVELY (UELLED 8EHICLES - #DV NCED 5OFTW RE 5ENSORS 'LECTRONICS ND 6ELEM TICS - #DV NCED 5TRUCTURES ND / TERI LS - &ESIGN ND / NUF CTURING 2ROCESSES 6O SUM UP WE NEED NEW SKILLS - (OR GENER L GREEN CULTURE - (OR NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR TR DITION L M NUF CTURING INDIRECTLY FOR GREEN -2/) +NTERN TION L - (OR NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW GREEN PRODUCTS - (OR NEW M TERI LS - (OR MORE WIDESPRE D REGUL TION - (OR NEW DESIGN CRITERI DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT NEW MODUL R PRODUCT RCHITECTURE ND PL TFORMS - (OR NEW PRODUCTION PROCESSES +NDUSTRY #LTHOUGH DEÃ… TE ON SUST IN Ã…LE DEVELOPMENT W S GENER TED IN THIS CONTEXT GIVING GRE T EMPH SIS TO ECONOMIC SPECTS FOR M NY YE RS THE M N GEMENT PERSPECTIVE ON THIS TOPIC H S Ã…EEN PR CTIC LLY IGNORED 6HE W RENESS OF LONG TERM NON SUST IN Ã…ILITY OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT MODELS IS REL TIVELY RECENT CONQUEST CHIEVED Ã…EC USE OF INCRE SING DIFFICULTIES OF CCESS TO RESOURCES ONCE CONSIDERED UNLIMITED OR V IL Ã…LE IN GRE T Ã…UND NCE TO THE EXTENT TH T THEY H VE Ã…ECOME GLOÃ… L PROÃ…LEM

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 33

5O Âą LL FINE DELL GIOSTR ² S WE S Y IN +T LY T THE END OF THE D Y )4''0 IS Ă…E UTIFUL Ă…UT COST IS THE FIN L Ă…ENCHM RK USED Ă…Y C R M KERS TO CHOOSE MONG POTENTI L MORE OR LESS GREEN SUPPLIERS

References $ENNIE ( Circular economy needs consumer demand to gain momentum The Guardian, 2 July 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW THEGU RDI N COM SUST IN Ă…LE Ă…USINESS CIRCUL R ECONOMY CONSUMER DEM ND MOMENTUM RGOS PRIM RK $I NCHI 4 0OCI ) "Greening" SMEs' Competitiveness 5M LL $USINESS 'CONOMICS PP $ERLIN *EIDELĂ…ERG

$ONN + (ISHER , Sustainability: the missing ingredient in strategy ,OURN L OF $USINESS 5TR TEGY 8OL +SS PP ¢ $R DFORD % NI LS / % , )EHRSITZ / * 5EMEIJN , Participation of suppliers in greening supply chains: An empirical analysis of German automotive suppliers ,OURN L OF 2URCH SING ND 5UPPLY / N GEMENT PP #MSTERD M %'&'(12 Green skills and environmental awareness in vocational education and training .UXEMĂ…OURG 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW CEDEFOP EUROP EU NODE %EDEFOP Skills for green jobs, developing a low-carbon economy depends on improving existing skills rather than specialised green skills, Briefing Note 6HESS LONIKI HTTP WWW CEDEFOP EUROP EU '0 (ILES AEN PDF %ONFEDER TION OF $RITISH +NDUSTRY %$+ Qualified to compete: Creating a world-class qualifications framework. Human Resources Brief .ONDON

%HOI 6 ; Korea's Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Unsung Heroes or Economic Laggards? #C DEMY OF / N GEMENT 'XECUTIVE 8OL 0O %OUNCIL OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy $RUSSELS HTTP REGISTER CONSILIUM EUROP EU DOC SRV L!'0 F!56 +0+6 '%14;5 Programmes to promote environmental skills 4OTTERD M HTTP EC EUROP EU ENVIRONMENT ENVECO INDUSTRYAEMPLOYMENT PDF ENVIRONMENT LAS KILLSAREPORT PDF

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'UROPE N %OMMISSION %OUNCIL OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training (‘ET 2020’) $RUSSELS HTTP EUR LEX EUROP EU LEG L CONTENT '0 6:6 2&( URI!%'.': :) FROM!'0

'UROPE N 'NVIRONMENT #GENCY ''# EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2009 Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories, .UXEMÃ…OURG &IERDORFF ' 0ORTON , &REWES & -ROUST LIS % 4IVKIN & ND .EWIS 2 Greening of the World of Work: Implications for O*NET®-SOC and New and Emerging Occupations 9 SHINGTON &% 'UROPE N #SSOCI TION OF #UTOMOTIVE 5UPPLIERS IDENTIFICATION OF NATIONAL JOBS AND SKILLS COUNCILS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW CLEP EU STR TEGIC ISSUES SKILLS COUNCIL 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Agenda for New Skills and Jobs $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU SOCI L M IN JSP C T+D! L NG+D!EN 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Circular Economy Strategy $RUSSELS Ã… 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU SM RT REGUL TION IMP CT PL NNEDAI DOCS AENVA AENV A ACIRCUL RAECONOMYAEN PDF 'UROPE N %OMMISSION COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Towards a circular economy: A zero waste programme for Europe $RUSSELS HTTP EUR LEX EUROP EU LEG L CONTENT '0 6:6 URI!%'.': &% 4 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Employment: Commission presents Green Employment Initiative to support structural shift to green growth by maximising job opportunities $RUSSELS Ã… 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EUROP EU R PID PRESS RELE SEA/'/1 AEN HTM 'UROPE N %OMMISSION European Sectors Skills Councils $RUSSELS C 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU SOCI L M IN JSP C T+D! 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Meeting the need for green skills in Europe’s job market $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU ENVIRONMENT INTEGR TION RESE RCH NEWS LERT PDF N AEN PDF 'UROPE N %OMMISSION %OUNCIL OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training (‘ET 2020’) $RUSSELS HTTP EUR LEX EUROP EU LEG L CONTENT '0 6:6 2&( URI!%'.': :) FROM!'0 'UROPE N %OMMISSION New Skills for New Jobs Anticipating and matching labour market and skills needs $RUSSELS HTTP EC EUROP EU SOCI L M IN JSP C T+D! L NG+D!EN 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Environmental Impact of Products Study (EIPRO) $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU ENVIRONMENT IPP PDF EIPROAREPORT PDF

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 35

'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE EESC pushes for a circular economy model $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVE FROM HTTP WWW EESC EUROP EU I!PORT L EN PRESS RELE SES 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE EESC pushes for a circular economy model $RUSSELS Ă… 4ETRIEVE FROM HTTP WWW EESC EUROP EU I!PORT L EN PRESS RELE SES 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE Opinion on the Communication from the Commission "Green Action Plan for SMEs² $RUSSELS C 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW EESC EUROP EU I!PORT L EN N T OPINIONS 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE Opinion on the Communication from the Commission "Green Action Plan for SMEs² $RUSSELS D 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW EESC EUROP EU I!PORT L EN N T OPINIONS 'UROPE N 7NION The Bruges CommuniquĂŠ on enhanced European Cooperation in Vocational Education and Training for the period 2011-2020 $RUSSELS HTTP EC EUROP EU EDUC TION POLICY VOC TION L POLICY DOC Ă…RUGESCOMAEN PDF )ERR D , - NDLIK R / Is European end-of-life vehicle legislation living up to

expectations? Assessing the impact of the ELV Directive on ‘green’ innovation and vehicle recovery ,OURN L OF %LE NER 2RODUCTION PP )ONZ LEZ 2 5 RKIS , #DENSO &I Z $ Environmental management system certification and its influence on corporate practices: Evidence from the automotive industry +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF 1PER TIONS 2RODUCTION / N GEMENT $R DFORT

*OLT & #NTHONY 5 8INEY * 5UPPORTING 'NVIRONMENT L +MPROVEMENTS IN 5M LL ND /EDIUM 5IZED 'NTERPRISES IN THE 7- )REENER / N GEMENT +NTERN TION L *ULT ) 6 / -ETCHEN ,4 & #RRFELT / Strategic supply chain management: Improving performance through a culture of competitiveness and knowledge development 5TR TEGIC / N GEMENT ,OURN L 81. PP ¢ +.1 Defining “greenâ€?: issues and considerations )ENEV 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW ILO ORG WCMSP GROUPS PUĂ…LIC DGREPORTS INST DOCUMENTS PUĂ…LIC TION WCMSA PDF -EMP 4 &I Z .OPEZ ( , $LEISCHWITZ 4 Report on Green Growth and Ecoinnovation. Environmental Macro-Indicators of Innovation - EMInInn / STRICHT -2/) +NTERN TION L 6HE 6R NSFORM TION OF THE #UTOMOTIVE +NDUSTRY 6HE 'NVIRONMENT L 4EGUL TION 'FFECT <UG 4ETRIEVED FROMHTTPS WWW KPMG COM 75 EN +SSUES#ND+NSIGHTS #RTICLES2UĂ…LIC TIONS &OCUMEN TS TR NSFORM TION UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY PDF .EE - * Integrating carbon footprint into supply chain management: the case of Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) in the automobile industry ,OURN L OF %LE NER 2RODUCTION PP #MSTERD M

.EPPELT 6 (OERSTL - * RTM NN ' Sustainability management beyond organizational boundaries - sustainable supplier relationship management in the chemical industry ,OURN L OF %LE NER 2RODUCTION ::: PP

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.UKEN 4 5T RES 4 Small business responsibility in developing countries: a threat or an opportunity? $US 5TR T 'NV DOI Ă…SE PP ¢ / C0EILL 5 %H N RON , , Trends and drivers of change in the European automotive industry:(I) mapping the current situation +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF #UTOMOTIVE 6ECHNOLOGY ND / N GEMENT PP )ENEV / RTINUZZI # -UDL K 4 ( Ă…ER % 9IM N # CSR Activities and Impacts of the Automotive Sector 4+/#5 9ORKING 2 PER 5ERIES P 8IENN / YY S # 3 TT WI # 1M R / 5H N & Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review 4ENEW Ă…LE ND 5UST IN Ă…LE 'NERGY 4EVIEWS PP #MSTERD M /IR ND ) . RCOMĂ…E ) Enabling Local Green Growth: Addressing Climate Change Effects on Employment and Local Development 1'%& .OC L 'CONOMIC ND 'MPLOYMENT &EVELOPMENT .''& 9ORKING 2 PERS HTTP DX DOI ORG K H Q T R EN /ONT LVO %ORR L % &I Z .OPEZ ( , $R NDES ( 2OTENTI L FOR ECO INNOV TION IN NINE SECTORS OF THE 'UROPE N ECONOMY %ONSORTIUM 'UROPE +NNOV 5ECTOR L +NNOV TION 9 TCH HTTP WWW RESE RCHG TE NET PUĂ…LIC TION 0EMRY ( ) .EDUC + /ONGELLI ND # 7IHLEIN Environmental impact of passenger cars ,OINT 4ESE RCH %ENTRE +NSTITUTE FOR 2ROSPECTIVE 6ECHNOLOGIC L 5TUDIES 5EVILLE 5P IN 0OCI ) 8ERG NTI 4 Managing ‘green’ product innovation in small firms 4 &

/ N GEMENT ¢ PP 2H L 4 Foresight Vehicle technology roadmap–technology and research directions for future road vehicles .ONDON 4ETRIEVED FROMHTTP WWW IFM ENG C M C UK UPLO DS 4ESE RCH %6/ 4O DM PPING FORESIGHTA VEHICLEAV PDF 4 O 2 *OLT & Do green supply chains lead to competitiveness and economic performance? +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF 1PER TIONS 2RODUCTION / N GEMENT PP $R DFORT 5EURING 5 /‹LLER / From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management ,OURN L OF CLE NER PRODUCTION PP #MSTERD M 5ROUFE 4 %URKOVIC 5 /ONT Ă…ON ( /ELNYK 5 # The new product design process and design for environment: “Crossing the chasmâ€? +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF 1PER TIONS 2RODUCTION / N GEMENT PP $R DFORD 5CHMID %'&'(12 9ORLD %ONGRESS ON 68'6 / Y

8 N 9EELE # , Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Analysis, Strategy, Planning and Practice, * MPSHIRE 8ELOSO ( The automotive supply chain organization: Global Trends and Asian Perspectives / SS CHUSETTS +NSTITUTE OF 6ECHNOLOGY 9ORKING 2 PER / SS CHUSETTS 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP REPOSITORY CMU EDU CGI VIEWCONTENT CGI RTICLE! CONTEXT!EPP 8OLP TO ) The OEM-FTS relationship in automotive industry +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF #UTOMOTIVE 6ECHNOLOGY ND / N GEMENT PP )ENEV

Green Skills: Relevance and Policies 37

9HITELEGG , Transport for a Sustainable Future: the case for Europe .ONDON <HU 3 )ENG ; Integrating environmental issues into supplier selection and management: a study of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in China )REENER / N GEMENT +NTERN TION L 0O PP <HU 3 5 RKIS , )ENG ; Green Supply Chain Management in China: Pressures, Practices and Performances +NTERN TION L ,OURN L OF 1PER TIONS 2RODUCTION / N GEMENT PP

3 The GT VET Blueprint15

Antonius Schröder 6HE Greening Technical Vocational Education and Training GT VET PROJECT H S EXPLORED HOW VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING 8'6 P THW YS MEET environmental SKILL NEEDS WHICH RE KEY FOR THE GLOÅ L COMPETITIVENESS ND SUST IN ÅILITY OF LL 'UROPE N PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES #S MODEL THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN 'UROPE N SUST IN ÅLE TR INING MODULE W S DEVELOPED IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH N TION L 8'6 SYSTEMS 7SING THE EX MPLE OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY ND THE 8'6 OF MECH NIC L ND ELECTRIC L TECHNICI NS THE MODULE ND ITS IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS RE ÅLUEPRINT TO ÅE D PTED ND TR NSFERRED TO OTHER TECHNIC L 8'6 PROFESSIONS ND OTHER PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES IN THIS C SE THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY

3.1 The General Framework and Development of the GT VET Training Module 6HE )6 8'6 PROJECT REQUIRED CLE R DEFINITION OF GREEN SKILLS Å SED ON THE DEFINITION IN CH PTER 6HIS DEFINITION W S FORMUL TED S ÅOTTOM UP TO REFLECT THE SPECIFICITY OF THE STEEL SECTOR ND TOP DOWN IN ORDER TO INCORPOR TE WIDER ¯GREEN° POLICY IMPER TIVES SUCH S THOSE DERIVING FROM '7 STR TEGIES ND REGUL TIONS E G '7 Green skills FOR TECHNIC L 8'6 OF THE 'UROPE N INDUSTRY - #RE TECHNIC L SKILLS ND PPROPRI TE W RENESS FOR ENVIRONMENT LLY SUST IN ÅLE ÅEH VIOUR - 6O PREVENT ND REDUCE NEG TIVE IMP CTS ON THE INDIVIDU L ND ENVIRONMENT NEIGHÅOURHOOD EMPLOYEES IR W TER ND GROUND - % USED OR INITI TED ÅY OPER TIONS ND WORK IN ND ROUND PRODUCTION

6HIS CH PTER IS M INLY Å SED ON CH PTER OF THE )6 8'6 6R INING * NDÅOOK 5CHR DER ND - LETK

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6HE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TR INING MODULE W S C RRIED OUT S KIND OF SOCI L INNOV TION PROCESS SEE E G *OW LDT ND 5CHW RZ 5CHR†DER *OW LDT ET L COMÃ…INING THE KNOWHOW OF RESE RCH INSTITUTIONS WITH STRONG PR CTIC L INVOLVEMENT OF STEEL COMP NIES CCOMP NIED Ã…Y 'UROPE N SOCI L P RTNERS ND THE INVOLVEMENT OF 8'6 SYSTEM RELEV NT SSOCI TED P RTNERS VOC TION L SCHOOLS N TION L ND REGION L ST KEHOLDERS +N FIRST STEP THE IMP CT OF ECOLOGIC L LEGISL TION IN EVERYD Y WORK OF SKILLED WORKERS Ã…OTH FOR TOD Y ND FUTURE W S N LYSED S WELL S E CH N TION L 8'6 SYSTEM OF THE P RTICIP TING MEMÃ…ER ST TES 9ITH E CH 8'6 SYSTEM H VING DIFFERENT REGUL TIONS ND INSTITUTION L FR MEWORKS N N LYSIS OF THE EXISTING CURRICUL OF THE CHOSEN PPRENTICESHIPS ND REGUL TED PROFESSIONS INDUSTRI L MECH NICS ND ELECTRIC L TECHNICI NS ND ITS IMPLEMENT TION POSSIÃ…ILITIES FOR THE IDENTIFIED SKILLS WERE DONE %LE RLY THERE RE V RIED SET OF CURRICUL POLICIES ND PR CTICES WHICH IS INDIC TIVE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SKILLS COMPETENCE ND KNOWLEDGE CROSS THE C SE STUDY COUNTRIES 6HE CONCRETE RE LIS TION OF 8'6 IN THE DIFFERENT TR INING VENUES H S LSO Ã…EEN INVESTIG TED ¢ INTERVIEWS ND WORKSHOPS WITH THE TR INING DEP RTMENT IN STEEL COMP NIES T RGET GROUP TR INERS ENVIRONMENT ND OTHER TECHNIC L DEP RTMENTS E G HE LTH ND S FETY T RGET GROUP M N GERS RECENTLY GR DU TED PPRENTICES VOC TION L SCHOOLS T RGET GROUP TE CHERS THE CH MÃ…ERS OF INDUSTRY REPRESENT TIVES OF 8'6 ND OTHER 8'6 RELEV NT INSTITUTIONS T REGION L LEVEL PROVIDED THIS INFORM TION #G INST THIS Ã… CKGROUND THE 'UROPE N TR INING MODULE )6 8'6 H D Ã…EEN DEVELOPED S COMPREHENSIVE ±CONTINUOUS PROGRESSING TR INING MODULE² OF LL P RTICIP TING ND FURTHER INTERESTED STEEL COMP NIES +T HELPS TO KEEP THE QU LIFIC TION OF THE FUTURE TECHNICI NS UP TO D TE ND UP TO FUTURE ND TO STIMUL TE THE SHORT TERM IMPLEMENT TION IN THE N TION L 8'6 SYSTEMS (OUR SUÃ… MODULES WERE PILOTED IN LL P RTICIP TING STEEL COMP NIES ND REL TED 8'6 INSTITUTIONS ON THE REGION L LEVEL +N CCORD NCE THE PRODUCT W S D PTED ND MODIFIED TO FIT THE REQUIREMENTS OF Ã…OTH THE COMP NIES ND MEMÃ…ER ST TES S WELL S POSSIÃ…LE (IN LLY 'UROPE N (R MEWORK /ODULE ON )REEN 5KILLS W S SET UP RUN Ã…Y '56'2 THE 'UROPE N 5TEEL 6ECHNOLOGY 2L TFORM S Ã… SIS FOR CONTINUOUS DJUSTING OF THE EXISTING MODULE G INST THE Ã… CKGROUND OF NEW GREEN SKILLS DEM NDS S WELL S Ã…LUEPRINT FOR OTHER INDUSTRI L OCCUP TIONS ND SECTORS

The GT VET Blueprint 41

Figure 5 Work Flow of GT-VET #S THE )6 8'6 MODULE W S DEVELOPED WITH ND FOR ÅIG COMP NIES IT W S GROUNDED ON N LRE DY EVIDENT ND HIGH awareness and responsibility for environmental issues WITHIN THE COMP NIES: E G 6HYSSEN-RUPP5TEEL 'UROPE 6-5' PL NTS H VE INST LLED THEIR OWN ENVIRONMENT L REPRESENT TIVE # COMMON ±CULTURE² OF SH RED RESPONSIÅILITY REG RDING ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES IS IMED T S WELL S SKILLED WORKERS ÅECOMING INCRE SINGLY CONSIDERED S RESPONSIÅLE FOR ±GREEN PERFORM NCE² 'NVIRONMENT L REGUL TIONS INFLUENCE Å SIC LLY EVERY M INTEN NCE ROUTINE FOR EX MPLE THEY RE EXTENSIVELY INTEGR TED IN 8'6 ND FURTHER TR INING PL NT PROTOCOLS ND OPER TION L INSTRUCTIONS T 6-5' +N DDITION ±GREEN PROJECTS² WHICH IM T IMPROVING ENVIRONMENT L PERFORM NCE RE UNDERT KEN 6R INING INCRE SINGLY RESEMÅLES EVERYD Y WORK INTEGR TIVE LE RNING PPRO CH UTONOMOUS PROÅLEM SOLVING ND REFLECTION S PED GOGIC CONCEPTS G INING IMPORT NCE VET Reflection on Industry Driven Requirements 9IDER RECOMMEND TIONS FOUND TO ÅE COMMON TO NUMÅER OF C SES WERE TH T THERE SHOULD ÅE GRE TER LEVEL OF CO OPER TION ÅETWEEN COMP NIES ND SCHOOLS COLLEGES ON GREEN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SO S TO ENSURE CLE R COHERENT ND CONSISTENT MESS GE +N P RTICUL R SCHOOL CONTENT MUST ÅE RELEV NT SPECIFIC ND PPLIED TO COMP NY PR CTICE (URTHER IT IS IMPORT NT TH T IN COMP NY TR INING PROGR MS RE REINFORCED ÅY WIDER C MP IGNS ND INFORM TION DISTRIÅUTION

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+N TERMS OF MODULE DELIVERY SERIES OF SM LLER SUÅ MODULES W S POSTUL TED TO ÅE RUN OVER THE COURSE OF THE PPRENTICESHIP TR INING 6HE M IN CONSIDER TION W S TH T SUCH TR INING SHOULD ÅE PPLIED ND ROLE SPECIFIC WITH NUMEROUS EX MPLES OF CONCRETE LE RNING PROVIDED ND SUPPLEMENTED ÅY THE USE OF PROJECTS ND PPLIC TIONS OF TOOLS SUCH S LIFE CYCLE OR PRODUCTION PROCESS SSESSMENT +T W S LSO SUGGESTED TH T CRITIC L INCIDENTS COULD ÅE DOCUMENTED ND FORM THE Å SIS FOR N LYSIS ¢ STUDENTS COULD WORK OUT WH T WENT WRONG IN SITU TION ND HOW IT COULD H VE ÅEEN PREVENTED THROUGH THE IDENTIFIC TION OF THE PPROPRI TE CTIONS T E CH ST GE 6HESE RE DEEMED TO ÅE ESSENTI L FOR EFFECTIVE LE RNING ÅY THE TR INEES THEMSELVES 'MPH SES ON CONSEQUENCES OF ÅEH VIOUR ¢ THE ¯WHY° S WELL S THE ¯WH T° ¢ ND THE IMPLIC TIONS FOR INDIVIDU LS THE ORG NIS TION ND SOCIETY H VE TO ÅE INCLUDED LSO

Figure 6 Company demands and VET system reflection Training Module Development 6HE TR INING DEP RTMENTS OF THE COMP NIES REPRESENT TIVES FROM VOC TION L SCHOOLS ND NOT T LE ST THE TR INERS TE CHERS TR INEES THEMSELVES IN EVERY INVOLVED MEMÅER ST TE STRONGLY DVISED THE CONSORTIUM TO PRODUCE TR INING MODULE WITH CONCRETE RELEV NCE TO THE WORKPL CE NOT ONLY GIVING INFORM TION ND INPUTS ÅUT SETTING CTIVE T SKS TO THE TR INEES

The GT VET Blueprint 43

$ SED ON THE RESE RCH RESULTS CONCERNING COMP NY DEM NDS ND 8'6 SYSTEM REFLECTIONS THE MODULE - 4 ISES MORE W RENESS OF THE WORKERS ON ENVIRONMENT L ND REL TED HE LTH ND S FETY ISSUES -

#LLOWS THE COMP NIES TO OFFER THEIR PPRENTICES ND EMPLOYEES THE ±GREEN SKILLS² TR INING MODULE IN FLEXIÅLE W Y INCLUDING F CE TO F CE LE RNING SITU TIONS ND SELF CONDUCTED PROJECTS

-

+S STRUCTURED IN SUCH W Y TH T IT C N ÅE SIMPLY ND FLEXIÅLY INTEGR TED INTO E CH 8'6 N TION L SYSTEM OR USED IN DDITION TO THE EXISTING SYSTEM OF 8'6 ÅY M TCHING THE DEM NDS OF INDUSTRY WITH THE 8'6 SYSTEM

-

+S THEM TIC LLY DIFFERENTI TED IN FOUR SUÅ MODULES ENERGY REDUCTION USE OF R W M TERI LS RE USE OF W STE ND REDUCTION OF NOISE

-

#DDRESSES LE RNERS ON DIFFERENT SUÅSEQUENTLY FOLLOWING LE RNING LEVELS Å SIC INFORM TION Å CKGROUND ND COHERENCES PROFESSION L PR CTIC L KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES PROCESS KNOW HOW

3.2 Sectoral European Training Module on Green Skills as a “Blueprint” # SUST IN ÅLE IMPLEMENT TION ND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TR INING MODULE S WELL S THE CONTINUOUS INTEGR TION OF INDUSTRY DEM NDS FOR GREEN SKILLS ON THE Å CKGROUND OF 'UROPE N FUTURE ST ND RD OF GREEN W RENESS ND SKILLS FOR THE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY WERE SOME OF THE M IN OÅJECTIVES OF )6 8'6 6HE )6 8'6 TR INING MODULE ON GREEN SKILLS ND ITS LE RNING METHODS FIT TO OTHER LE RNING CONTENTS METHODS ND PH SES OF THE GENER L VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING PROGR MMES - +N THE COMP NIES %OULD ÅE IMPLEMENTED IN THE REGUL R PPRENTICES PROGR MME OF THE SITES - +N THE VOC TION L SCHOOLS %OULD ÅE USED S PR CTIC L EX MPLE OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY ND ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS FOR EDUC TION OF OTHER TECHNICI NS ND PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES 6HE SUÅ MODULES ENERGY W STE ND NOISE C N ÅE INTRODUCED E SILY INTO SECOND RY ND TECHNIC L SCHOOLS S WELL (ROM VOC TION L SCHOOL PERSPECTIVE THE MODULE IS P RTICUL RLY PPROPRI TE SINCE IN THE FIN L EX MS FOR INST NCE OF THE CH MÅERS OF COMMERCE ND INDUSTRY IN )ERM NY THE ENVIRONMENT L W RENESS OF STUDENTS H S ÅECOME N IMPORT NT EV LU TION CRITERION E G SUST IN ÅLE USE OF M TERI LS #LTHOUGH M NY TR INEES TTEND V RIOUS COURSES THEY REN°T W RE OF ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENT L W RENESS IN CONTEXT OF THE SUÅJECT ELECTRIC L MECH NIC L TECHNICI N ÅEC USE IT IS NOT EXPLICITLY MENTIONED IN THE DESCRIPTIONS 6HE M IN FINDINGS OF THE TEST PH SE SHOW TH T THE )6 8'6 MODULE IS LINK FOR THE SHORT TERMED RE CTION TO TECHNOLOGIC L CH NGES 6HE TOPICS ND DID CTIC METHODS RE PPROVED EFFECTIVE ND TTR CTIVE ¢ LSO IN SENSE OF INCRE SING

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ECOLOGIC L W RENESS ND GREEN ÅEH VIOUR ÅOTH T WORKPL CE ND IN PRIV TE LIFE 6HE PR CTIC L KNOWLEDGE OÅT INED IN THE MODULE W S EV LU TED VERY HIGHLY THE CONTENT IS IMPORT NT FOR THE PROFESSION L WORK OF TR INEES 6HE MODULE OFFERS V LU ÅLE EXERCISES S WELL S METHODOLOGIC L TE CHING SOLUTIONS V RIETY OF INDIVIDU L ND GROUP WORK PRESENT TION OF RESULTS OÅT INED DURING GROUP WORK TO THE REST OF THE GROUP THE INTER CTIVITY OF THE THEORETIC L INPUTS COULD ÅE IMPROVED ÅY MEDI Å SED INPUTS VIDEO NIM TIONS ETC 6HE MODULE IS DEEMED NECESS RY TO TR IN THE P RTI L L CK OF GREEN W RENESS ND WILL INCRE SE GREEN W RENESS OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES ND WORK PROCESSES IN THE COMP NY IN THE FUTURE 6HE FLEXIÅILITY OF THE MODULE DIFFERENT SUÅ MODULES LE RNING KNOWLEDGE LEVELS IS SHOWN ÅY ITS POSSIÅLE COMÅIN TION WITH INTEGR TION IN DIFFERENT LE RNING RR NGEMENTS TIME SCHEDULE ND CONTENT RR NGEMENT ¢ FOR ÅOTH EDUC TION L ND TR INING PROGR MS CURRICUL OF COMP NIES ND THE 8'6 SYSTEM #LL IN LL THE )6 8'6 MODULE FITS TO THE EDUC TION ND TR INING PROGR M OF COMP NIES ND SCHOOLS ND CRE TES CLE R DDED V LUE 6HE MODULE ND ITS SUÅ MODULES IMPROVES THROUGH ITS WORK PL CE RELEV NT PR CTIC L KNOWLEDGE ND THE CTIVITY Å SED PPRO CH THE W RENESS ND SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENT L W RENESS THROUGH SELF RELI NT WORK REDUCTION OF RESOURCES ND MONEY S VING - 6HE TE CHING ND LE RNING MODEL OR PROFILE COULD ÅE GOOD IM GE FOR NEW TE CHING ND LE RNING PROFILES ENCOUR GING ±GREEN² CTIVITY ND RESPONSIÅILITY OF THE LE RNERS TR INEES WORKERS - $Y STRESSING EXPLICITLY THIS Å CKGROUND THE TR INEES ND THE TR INERS VOTED FOR N INTEGR TION OF THESE KINDS OF MODULES IN THE TR INEESHIP - 6HE TR INERS STEEL COMP NY ND TE CHERS VOC TION L ND SECOND RY SCHOOLS COULD USE RELEV NT P RTS OF THE TR INING MODULE IN THEIR REGUL R TR INING PROGR M EVEN FOR CONTINUOUS TR INING - 6HE DEVELOPED )6 8'6 TR INING MODULE IS LINK FOR THE SHORT TERMED RE CTION TO TECHNOLOGIC L CH NGES ND RESPONSIVE INTEGR TION OF WORK PL CE REL TED NEW SKILLS DEM NDS IN VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING IN ÅOTH COMP NY TR INING ND 8'6 SYSTEM - 6HEREFORE MUCH MORE CLOSER LEVEL OF COOPER TION ÅETWEEN COMP NIES ND VOC TION L SCHOOLS IN +NITI L 8'6 IS NECESS RY

Figure 7 GT VET Training Module as a Link between Training/Education, School and Company

The GT VET Blueprint 45

3.3

Methodology of the Training Module

$ SED ON PRECISE DEFINITION OF GREEN SKILLS ÅEING RELEV NT FOR )6 8'6 IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY N CTIVITY Å SED LE RNING PPRO CH WITH FOUR THEM TIC SUÅ MODULES W S GENER TED E CH CONSISTING OF FOUR SUÅSEQUENT ND INCRE SING LE RNING LEVELS 6HE TR INING MODULE IS DEFINED ÅY LE RNING OUTCOMES INCLUDING ÅOTH NON FORM L ND INFORM L LE RNING ORIENTED T KNOWLEDGE SKILLS ND COMPETENCES '3( WITH THE M IN FOCUS ÅEING ON COMPETENCES ÅILITY TO USE KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS WITH SELF RESPONSIÅILITY ND UTONOMY 6HE MODULE REPRESENTED ÅY DIFFERENT SUÅ MODULES IMS TO IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE ND W RENESS OF THE T RGET GROUP ON ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY 'VIDENCE SUGGESTS TH T THERE IS LITTLE W RENESS ND INTEREST IN ¯GREEN° ISSUES 6HE OÅJECTIVE FOR THE TR INING IS TO INCRE SE ENG GEMENT ND MOTIV TION IN THIS RE 6HE TR INING IMPROVES W RENESS FOR GREEN SKILLS THROUGH - 6HEORETIC L INPUTS ND SELF ORG NISED LE RNING GROUP ND PROJECT WORK ÅILITY TO CRITIC LLY CHECK EXISTING SITU TIONS PL NNING ND M N GEMENT OF PROJECT PRESENT TIONS - (OCUSING ON THE WORKPL CE EXPERIENCE IMPLIC TIONS - 5ELF DIRECTED LE RNING - +MPROVEMENT OF CONTEXT KNOWLEDGE COMPREHENSIVE PPRO CH FOR LE RNING ND TR INING GENERIC UNDERST NDING IDENTIFIC TION OF P R METERS FOR CH NGE 6HERE IS POTENTI L FOR THE PROGR MME S WHOLE OR S INDIVIDU L SUÅ MODULES TO FIT WITH COMP NY DELIVERED PROGR MMES OR WIDER 8'6 FR MEWORKS 1NE SPECT UNDER CONSIDER TION IS FOR THE MODULE PROGR MME TO ÅE CCREDITED THROUGH THE 'UROPE N %REDIT SYSTEM FOR 8'6 '%8'6 Activity based learning approach $ SED ON THE RESULTS OF THE INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS ND ITS REFLECTION ON THE 8'6 SYSTEMS N CTIVITY ORIENTED LE RNING PPRO CH FOR THE 'UROPE N TR INING MODULE W S DEVELOPED S WORKPL CE ND CTIVITY Å SED LE RNING SEQUENCE WITH SM LLER SUÅ MODULES ND CTION ORIENTED GREEN SKILLS PROJECTS SUPPORTED ÅY DIGIT L MEDI E G POWER POINT PRESENT TION FOR TE CHERS VIDEOS (OR THE PILOT VERSION PRINCIP L ENVIRONMENT L CONCERNS TH T DERIVE FROM THE STEEL PRODUCTION PROCESS WERE IDENTIFIED S SUÅ MODULES ENERGY R W M TERI LS W STE ND NOISE ND DEVELOPED IN NEW OR ENRICHED EXISTING PROJECTS WITH GREEN SPECTS 6HE MODULE SH PES KNOWLEDGE ÅILITIES ND TTITUDES IN ÅRO DLY UNDERSTOOD GREEN W RENESS .E RNING OUTCOMES WERE DEFINED TO ÅE T NGIÅLE ND R ISE W RENESS 6HE CONTENT IS WORKPL CE REL TED ND RELEV NT FOR STEEL PRODUCTION ND ITS FURTHER PROCESSING %OGNITIVE ND M NU L LE RNING S WELL S LE RNING ÅY DOING WERE COMÅINED USEFUL WORK PIECES WHICH FOSTER SUST IN ÅLE LE RNING ÅEING CRE TED ND LE RNING ÅECOMING CTION ORIENTED # SET OF DID CTIC METHODS WERE INCORPOR TED IN THE MODULE TO F CILIT TE THE KNOWLEDGE TR NSFER ND SPICE UP LE RNING PROCESS 6HE MORE COMPLEX DID CTICS RE THEY WERE ORIENTED TOW RDS

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CTIVITIES .E RNING IMP CT W S Ã… SED ON CRITIC L EVENTS INCLUDING WHICH KIND OF MISCONDUCT LED TO NEG TIVE IMP CTS $ENE TH PR CTIC L P RTS LL CONTENTS RE CONVENIENT TO Ã…E USED T DIFFERENT LE RNING F CILITIES SCHOOL COMP NY WORK PL CE TR INING RE S 6HE MODULE PROMOTES COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN LL LE RNING VENUES VOC TION L SCHOOLS TR INING CENTRES PRODUCTION SITES Matrix of learning areas and levels 6HE M IN TOPICS ENERGY R W M TERI LS NOISE ND W STE DERIVING FROM THE CTU L DEM NDS OF THE INVOLVED COMP NIES WERE DEVELOPED IN SUÃ… MODULES OF FOUR DIFFERENT LE RNING OR KNOWLEDGE LEVELS SEE THE FOLLOWING FIGURE 6HESE LEVELS RE FOLLOWING SUÃ…SEQUENTLY FROM E CH OTHER IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF SELF LE RNING ND LE RNING OUTCOMES STEP Ã…Y STEP 6HE SPECIFIC LE RNING CONTENTS ND CTIVITIES RE ORIENTED T TYPIC L SITU TIONS ND M TTERS CLOSE TO THE WORKPL CE ND COMP NY REQUIREMENTS ' CH LEVEL OF E CH SUÃ… MODULE DEVELOPS KNOWLEDGE TO DEEPER ND MORE INDUSTRY RELEV NT LEVEL 9HILE LEVEL ND RE MORE INPUT ORIENTED WITH SELF LE RNING ND GROUP WORK S WELL ESPECI LLY LEVEL ND RE Ã… SED ON OWN CTIVITIES T SKS ND PROJECTS OF THE TR INEES

Figure 8 GT-VET Sub-modules and Learning Levels 6HE CONTENT OF THE DIFFERENT LE RNING LEVELS WITHIN THE DIFFERENT SUÃ…MODULES RE SUMM RISED IN THE FOLLOWING T Ã…LE

The GT VET Blueprint 47

Level 1: Basic Information • )ENER L INTRODUCTION INTO THE ISSUE T KEN CCOUNT OF EX MPLES FORM THE STEEL INDUSTRY ÅETWEEN TO P GES – – – – •

DEFINITIONS USING EX MPLES E G TO USE FOR SELF LE RNING TECHNIC L Å CKGROUND IS NOT NEEDED

' SY EXERCISES FOR SINGUL R OR GROUP WORK – – – – – –

REL TED TO PERSON L EXPERIENCES TO REFLECT SURROUNDING WORLD TO SCRUTINIZE EVERYD Y OCCURRENCES TO EXCH NGE PERSON L EXPERIENCES IN LE RNING GROUP TO SHOW TH T THIS ISSUES IS RELEV NT FOR EVERYÅODY DISCUSSION OF RESULTS COULD ÅE ST RTING POINT FOR WIDER DISCUSSION

Level 2: Understand Background and Coherences • 'XERCISES RE MORE COMPLEX TH N IN ST LEVEL • 0EEDED INFORM TION H S TO ÅE SELF SE RCHED P PERS DOCUMENT INTERNET ETC • 4ESULTS H VE TO PRESENTED ND EXPL INED ÅY LE RNERS • 'XERCISES RE LINKED TO INDUSTRY • 'XERCISES SHOULD WORK OUT IN GROUP • 'NCOUR GE TO DISCUSS THE RESULTS Level 3: Professional Practical Knowledge/Competencies • 2R CTIC L EXERCISE FOR TECHNIC L PPRENTICES IN N INDUSTRI L WORKSHOP OR TECHNIC L TR INING CENTRE • 'XERCISE SHOULD COVER SHORT ÅUT COMPLETE WORK PROCESS FROM PL NNING TO EV LU TING THE PROCESS • )ET IN CONT CT ND UNDERST ND NEEDED INDUSTRI L GUIDELINES FOR THE EXERCISE • 7NDERST ND HOW THE EXERCISE IS LINKED TO THE )6 8'6 ISSUE • +NTENSIFY SE RCH WORK ND PRESENTING WORK Level 4: Process Know-how • 4EFLECTION OF PR CTIC L PH SE OF SKILLED WORK IN STEEL COMP NY • 7NDERST ND GREEN SPECTS OF PRODUCTION 9H T DO THEY DO FOR ENVIRONMENT L PROTECTION IN THE PL NT P RT WHERE + M WORKING • 4EFLECT ENVIRONMENT L GUIDELINES INSTRUCTIONS RELEV NT FOR SPECIFIC WORKING PROCESS • -NOWLEDGE ÅOUT SPECI LIZED CONT CT PERSONS IN PL NT P RT ENVIRONMENT L PROTECTION OFFICER S FETY PROTECTION OFFICER H Z RDOUS SUÅST NCES OFFICER ETC ND THEIR ESSENTI L FUNCTIONS

Table 1 Learning Levels of GT VET

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Target groups 9HILE THE SUÃ… MODULES ±'NERGY² )ERM NY 6-5' ND ±9 STE² 7- 6 T 5TEEL RE QUITE SIMIL R IN THE T RGET GROUP ND LE RNING PL CE ORIENT TION ND IN LINE WITH THE )6 8'6 T RGETED PROFESSIONS ELECTRONIC ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS THE SUÃ… MODULE ±0OISE² 2OL ND #RCELOR/ITT L 2OL ND W S T LEVEL ND T RGETED T STUDENTS OF MIDDLE ND TECHNIC L SCHOOLS Ã…UT THE CONTENTS RE E SILY TR NSFERR Ã…LE TO TR INING WITH PPRENTICES ND WORKERS 6HE SUÃ… MODULE ±4 W / TERI LS² +T LY #56 IS QUITE DIFFERENT Ã…EC USE THE QU LIFIC TION LEVEL IS RISING FROM LEVEL UNSKILLED WORKERS CONTINUOUSLY TO TOP M N GERS LEVEL 6HEREFORE THIS TR INING SUÃ… MODULE COULD NOT Ã…E TR NSFERRED TO THE OTHER COUNTRIES ND COMP NIES ND H D TO Ã…E IMPROVED FOR THE 'UROPE N (R MEWORK /ODULE Level 1: $ SIC INFORM TION

Level 2: 7NDERST ND Ã… CKGROUND ND COHERENCES

Level 3: 2ROFESSION L PR CTIC L KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES

5 VE ND REDUCE INPUT OF RESOURCES Sub-module Energy

PUPILS ST RTING PPRENTICES

PPRENTICES LOWER LEVEL

PPRENTICES PROFESSION LS HIGHER LEVEL

5 VE ND REDUCE INPUT OF RESOURCES Sub-module Raw Materials

NO PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

PROFESSION LS

MIDDLE M N GERS REVISED PROFESSION L WORKERS

TOP M N GERS REVISED PROFESSION L WORKERS

2REVENT ND REDUCE EMISSIONS POLLUTION ND NOISE Sub-module: Noise

MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

TECHNIC L SCHOOL STUDENTS HIGHER TH N MIDDLE SCHOOL

WORKERS

SPECI LISED WORKERS

7TILIZE STORE ND DISPOSE OF W STE M TERI LS Sub-module Waste

PPRENTICES STUDENTS

PPRENTICES STUDENTS

PPRENTICES STUDENTS

PPRENTICES STUDENTS

Industry related main topics

Table 2 Target Group Level within the Sub-modules (GT-VET)

Level 4: 2ROCESS KNOW HOW

The GT VET Blueprint 49

Duration of the (sub-) modules ' CH SUÅ MODULE H S TIME SC LE OF ÅOUT D YS CONSISTING OF ÅOUT HOUR LE RNING SESSIONS ON LEVEL ND TWO OR THREE D YS OF PR CTIC L T SKS T LEVEL ND D YS FOR THE PROJECT Å SED WORK OF LEVEL dŽƉŝĐƐ ĨƌŽŵ 'dͲ s d ĚĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶ

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Table 3: Duration of learning units (GT-VET) Integration in national VET systems 'DUC TION ND TR INING OF THE COMP NIES RE VERY MUCH REL TED TO THE DIFFERENT 8'6 PPRO CHES ND N TION L SYSTEMS - +N )ERM NY THE DU L SYSTEM IS DOMIN TING THE EDUC TION ND TR INING OF THE COMP NIES VERY MUCH EVEN THERE IS STRONG EMPH SIS ON CLOSER INTEGR TION OR CONSIDER TION OF COMP NY REL TED SKILLS DEM NDS ND PR CTIC L ORIENT TION T THE WORKPL CE COMÅINING PR CTIC L COMP NY REL TED TR INING WITH SECOND RY VOC TION L EDUC TION WITHIN THE CURRICUL OF THE VOC TION L SCHOOLS - +N THE 7- STRONG TR INING PPRO CH ORIENT TION DONE ÅY SPECI L SECTOR L SKILLS COUNCILS ND TR INING INSTITUTIONS IS VISIÅLE FOCUS ON VOC TION L TR INING - +N 2OL ND SCHOOL REL TED Å SIC LE RNING WITH FOCUS ON THEORETIC L INPUT IS DETECT ÅLE FOR THE FIRST TWO LEVELS OF THE TR INING MODULE

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Ã… SIC LE RNING CONTEXT UNDERST NDING FOLLOWED Ã…Y PR CTIC L EXPERIENCE REL TED INPUTS WITHIN THE COMP NY ND T SKS T LEVEL ND OF THE MODULE - +N +T LY STRONG KNOWLEDGE HIER RCHY IS EVIDENT E CH LEVEL IS ORIENTED T HIGHER WORKER LEVEL 6HIS DEPENDS ON THE STRONG INFLUENCE OF THE COMP NY EVEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODULE $UT THESE DIFFERENT ±CULTUR L FR MEWORKS² SHOULD NOT Ã…E SEEN S CONSTR INTS TO INTEGR TE THE REL TED SUÃ… MODULES IN OTHER N TION L OR COMP NY 8'6 FR MEWORKS 1N THE CONTR RY THESE DIFFERENT PPRO CHES SHOW THE WIDE V RIETY OF INTEGR TING POSSIÃ…ILITIES VERIFIED THROUGH THE TEST RESULTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES 'VEN THE M N GEMENT ORIENT TION OF THE ORIGIN L +T LI N SUÃ… MODULE ±R W M TERI L² SHOWS TH T THE M N GERS H VE TO Ã…E INTEGR TED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN SKILLS S WELL E G T KING THE RIGHT DECISIONS ON THE Ã…EST V IL Ã…LE TECHNIQUES $#6 FOR GREENER PRODUCTION PROCESS *OWEVER Ã…EC USE THE formal INTEGR TION OF SUCH TR INING MODULE IN national VET systems COULD Ã…E COMPLIC TED ND LENGTHY PROCESS THE )6 8'6 SUÃ… MODULES OR P RTS OF IT WERE DESIGNED TO Ã…E E SILY ND FLEXIÃ…LY INTEGR TED IN THE N TION L ND COMP NIES REL TED 8'6 SYSTEMS – +N Germany IT W S DONE Ã…Y USING THE GIVEN LEEW Y OF THE EXISTING CURRICUL ND THE GIVEN LE RNING T RGETS OF THE N LYSED PROFESSIONS 6HE &U L 5YSTEM PROVIDES LSO THE POSSIÃ…ILITY OF CLOSE COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN VOC TION L SCHOOLS ND COMP NIES – +N Italy LL SUÃ… MODULES C N Ã…E INTEGR TED IN THE CURRICUL OF THE SCHOOLS DUE TO THEIR UTONOMY #CCORDING TO THE L W SCHOOLS RE LLOWED TO MODIFY UP TO OF THEIR 'DUC TION 2L N TO UPGR DE CONTENTS ND METHODOLOGY IN THE PERSPECTIVE TO RESPOND TO NEW TR INING NEEDS COMING FROM TERRITORY COMP NIES ND ST KEHOLDERS – +N Poland INTEGR TION WITH THE N TION L 8'6 SYSTEM COULD T KE PL CE Ã…Y INCLUSION INTO SCHOOL PROGR MS S P RT OF ECOLOGIC L EDUC TION ND TR INING #LSO STRONG COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN THE STEEL COMP NY ND THE REGION ENCOUR GES SCHOOLS ND PUPILS TO IMPLEMENT INDUSTRY REL TED TOPICS IN THE LE RNING P THS – +N THE UK THIS WILL REQUIRE THE ENG GEMENT OF THE SECTOR SKILLS COUNCIL 5'/6# ND THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE PPROPRI TE ST ND RDS UTHORITIES *OWEVER THE PILOT TEST IN THE DIFFERENT STEEL COMP NIES ND MEMÃ…ER ST TES SHOWED TH T THE )6 8'6 SUÃ… MODULES OR P RTS OF IT COULD Ã…E E SILY INTEGR TED IN THE COMP NIES TR INING PROGR M ND THE N TION L 8'6 CTIVITIES Ã…Y GIVEN LEEW Y OR RESPONSIÃ…ILITIES 6HIS INCLUDES THE LLOC TION OF CREDIT POINTS WITHIN THE 'UROPE N '%8'6 SYSTEM OR PPRO CH Ã… SED ON THE TIME SC LE ND THE LE RNING LEVEL OF THE DIFFERENT SUÃ… MODULES Evaluation of the Module 6HE FIN L FEEDÃ… CK OF THE TR INEES ND TE CHERS DURING THE TEST PH SE SHOWED TH T THE KNOWLEDGE ND W RENESS OF THE T RGET GROUPS Ã…OUT ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY Ã…EFORE THE TR INING W S VERY LIMITED 6HERE W S OVERWHELMINGLY NO W RENESS NO INTEREST ND MOTIV TION CONCERNING GREEN SKILLS 6HE ENG GEMENT ND MOTIV TION H S TO Ã…E R ISED Ã…Y THE TR INERS ND THE

The GT VET Blueprint 51

CONCEPT OF THE TR INING MODULE M INLY ÅY INTERESTING T SKS ND THE OWN CTIVITIES OF THE TR INEES &URING ND FTER THE TR INING THE MODULE LED TO HIGH ENG GEMENT OF THE LE RNERS W RENESS W S R ISED ENTHUSI SM COULD ÅE TESTIFIED 'SPECI LLY ÅY FINDING MORE EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS ON THE WORK PL CE S VING MONEY WORK PL CE INNOV TION NEW VIEW ON THE PRODUCTION PROCESS ND CH NGE OF CONSCIENCE ND ÅEH VIOUR INCLUDING THE CORRECTION OF ÅEH VIOUR ÅY OTHERS COULD ÅE DISCOVERED 6HE DDED V LUE OF THE TR INING MODULE Å SED ON THE SSESSMENT OF THE TR INEES ND TE CHERS IS PROVED ÅY - (OCUS ON THE WORKPL CE EXPERIENCE IMPLIC TIONS - 1WN RESPONSIÅILITY OWN PROJECT PL NNING ND CONDUCTING - +MPROVEMENT OF CONTEXT KNOWLEDGE COMPREHENSIVE PPRO CH FOR LE RNING ND TR INING GENERIC UNDERST NDING IDENTIFIC TION OF P R METERS FOR CH NGE - (OSTERING WORKPL CE INNOV TION ÅOTTOM UP - +MPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTING COOPER TION ÅETWEEN COMP NY ND VOC TION L SCHOOL ON NEW REGUL R Å SIS OF COOPER TION MEETINGS TWICE YE R ÅIL TER L CONT CTS - ±.E RN LE RN LE RN² SITU TION FOR TR INEES TR INERS TE CHERS WORKERS M N GEMENT OF INVOLVED PRODUCTION SITES %ONSEQUENTLY THE TR INING MODULE IS IMPROVING THE ±GREEN PERSPECTIVE² ON PRODUCTION ND WORK PROCESSES +T CLE RLY R ISES W RENESS FOR ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES ND ±GREEN² ÅEH VIOUR OF THE TR INEES TR INERS ND WORKERS M N GEMENT OF THE INVOLVED PL NTS ND PRODUCTION SITES

3.4

The Submodules

+N THIS CH PTER THE DEVELOPED SUÅ MODULES OF )6 8'6 ENERGY R W M TERI LS W STE ND NOISE RE DESCRIÅED WITH THEIR CONTENTS ORG NIS TION L ND DID CTICS ME SURES &IFFERENT DEM NDS ND PRIORITIES FOR GREEN SKILLS IN THE INVOLVED STEEL COMP NIES ND THE REL TED N TION L 8'6 SYSTEMS LED TO SOME 'UROPE N RELEV NT SIMIL RITIES S WELL S N TION L RELEV NT SPECIFIC TIONS #NYW Y THE SUÅ MODULES FIT TOGETHER VERY MUCH ' G THE ±9 STE² SUÅ MODULE IS OF DIRECT IMPORT NCE FOR THE SUÅ MODULES ON ±'NERGY² ±4 W / TERI LS² ND ±0OISE²

3.4.1 Energy 6HE SUÅ MODULE ±'NERGY² W S DEVELOPED IN THE W Y TH T ITS FOUR LE RNING LEVELS COULD ÅE INTEGR TED IN THE REGUL R EDUC TION ND TR INING PROGR M OF THE COMP NY ND THE VOC TION L SCHOOL WITHIN THE )ERM N &U L 5YSTEM 'XISTING LEEW Y WITHIN THE OFFICI L CURRICUL GREEN SKILLS RE LRE DY P RT OF THE FORM L CURRICULUM ÅUT NOT ENOUGH CONSIDERED ESP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMP NY NEEDS WERE USED FOR THIS INTEGR TION

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.EVEL ND

Ã…OTH PROFESSIONS ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS WERE T UGHT TOGETHER IN ±CL SS ROOM² .EVEL ND DIFFERENT T SKS WERE CONDUCTED FOR ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS Ã…UT WITHIN MIXED GROUPS OF TO PERSONS WITH ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS .EVEL TOOK PL CE ON SITE IN COOPER TION WITH THE WORKERS ND M N GEMENT OF SPECIFIC PRODUCTION RE ROLLING MILL .EVEL W S CRE TED IN W Y TH T TR INEES LE RNED MUCH MORE Ã…OUT THE WORKPL CE ND THE REL TED PRODUCTION PROCESS # WIN WIN SITU TION WITH THE M N GEMENT ND THE WORKERS OF THE PRODUCTION SITE W S PRODUCED Ã…Y GETTING NEW PERSPECTIVE ON EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH DE CONSTRUCTING ND N LYSING EXISTING PROCESSES 6HE SUÃ… MODULE ±'NERGY² COULD Ã…E E SILY CONNECTED TO THE OTHER SUÃ… MODULES OF )6 8'6 S WELL W STE COULD Ã…E USED FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION NOISE REDUCTION THROUGH ENERGY REDUCTION ETC 6HE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION OF THE TR INING UNITS RE FOLLOWING THE DISTINCTION OF THE FOUR LEVELS FIRST SHOWING THE CTU L UNIT WITHIN THE WHOLE TR INING PROGR M ND GIVING ON OVERVIEW OF THE LE RNING CONTENTS ND DID CTICS 6HEN SPECIFIC T SKS RE DESCRIÃ…ED

The GT VET Blueprint 53

Table 4

5UÅ MODULE 'NERGY 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES

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. 'X MPLES ND STR TEGIES WHERE ENERGY IS S VED ND COULD Ã…E S VED T THE WORKPL CE WORKING RE H VE TO Ã…E EX MINED ND PRESENTED # WORKSHEET HELPS TO STRUCTURE ND PREP RE THE PRESENT TION

The GT VET Blueprint 55

6HIS SUÅ MODULE C N E SILY ÅE INCORPOR TED INTO COMP NY TR INING PROGR MS ND 8'6 INSTITUTIONS FOR INITI L ND CONTINUOUS 8'6 S WELL +T PROVIDES MPLE EX MPLES OF DELIVERY METHODS WITH EX MPLES ND TEMPL TES TH T COULD ÅE USED T INDIVIDU L ND GROUP LEVELS (URTHERMORE THE PPRO CH IS CONDUCIVE TO ÅEH VIOUR L ND OVER RCHING CULTUR L CH NGE S THE MODULE REQUIRES TR INEES TO CONSIDER ENERGY S VINGS WITHIN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT WITH SOCIETY THE HOME ND FOR ENCOUR GING THEIR COLLE GUES +T LSO ENCOUR GES TR INEES TO C LCUL TE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ND S VINGS THUS LLOWING LLOC TION OF RESPONSIÅILITY WHICH IN TURN INCRE SES UNDERST NDING -NOWLEDGE ND W RENESS OF THE T RGET GROUP ÅOUT ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY IS IMPROVED ÅY THE TR INING *IGH ENG GEMENT W RENESS R ISING ND ENTHUSI SM ROSE ESPECI LLY ÅY FINDING MORE EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS ON THE WORK PL CE S VING MONEY WORK PL CE INNOV TION NEW VIEW ON THE PRODUCTION PROCESS ND CH NGE OF CONSCIENCE ND ÅEH VIOR INCLUDING CORRECTION OF ÅEH VIOUR OF OTHERS

3.4.2 Raw Materials 6HE TR INING COURSE ON R W M TERI LS H D THE DV NT GE OF DR WING THE TTENTION TO THE F CT TH T THE COMP NY P YS ON ECOLOGIC L ISSUES 6HIS REFLECTION LED TO THE SPECIFIC GO L OF THE COMP NY TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND SPECIFIC TR INING COURSES $EC USE THE CURRENT #56 WORKFORCE H S LOW NUMÅER OF PPRENTICES ND IN MOST OF THE SITU TIONS THEY RE NOT INCLUDED IN M INTEN NCE CTIVITIES THE RESPONSIÅLE DEVELOPER #56 H S CHOSEN HIGHER QU LIFIED T RGET GROUP LEVEL FOR THE SUÅ MODULE ±4 W / TERI LS² TH N THE SUPPOSED ELECTRIC L ND MECH NIC L TECHNICI NS - 9ORKERS ND EMPLOYEES OF THE PRODUCTION RE S WHOSE CTIVITIES IMP CT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ND WHO H VE RESPONSIÅILITY FOR THE JOÅ TR INING OF OTHER OPER TORS - 'MPLOYEES OF THE PRODUCTION ND ST FF FUNCTIONS WHO RE RESPONSIÅLE FOR THE CHOICES ND THE STUDY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND METHODS TH T C N ÅE ÅLE TO SUGGEST NEW PL NS ND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 2ERSONNEL WITH DECISION M KING SKILLS ND RESPONSIÅILITIES WHO H VE THE ÅILITIES TO EV LU TE THE SELECTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES 6HE GENER L OÅJECTIVE OF THE SUÅ MODULE W S TO DEVELOP ND STRENGTHEN THE W RENESS OF THE IMP CT OF STEEL COMP NY ON THE ENVIRONMENT ND HOW TO LIMIT THIS IMP CT THROUGH THE LEVERS OF PRINCIP L ÅUSINESS PROCESSES 6HE CONCRETE OÅJECTIVE FOR THE 4 W / TERI LS SUÅ MODULE W S TO GET GENER L IDE OF THE STEEL PRODUCTION ST GES WHICH H VE GRE TER ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT ND TO HELP S VING ND REUSING R W M TERI LS 6HE SUÅ MODULE ±4 W / TERI L² IS MORE THEORETIC L TH N THE OTHERS ÅUT HE VILY IMPROVED ÅY MORE PR CTIC L T SKS ND TESTS +T IS ÅOUT THE SUST IN ÅLE US GE OF R W M TERI LS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY FOCUSED ON THE H NDLING OF SCR P ND SL G ND ÅOVE LL ITS RECYCLING IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT 6HE OPTIMISED USE OF R W M TERI LS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ST INLESS STEEL IS EXPL INED T THE Electric-Arc Furnace (EAF) PROCESS OF #CCI I 5PECI LI 6ERNI #56 # CLOSE

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REL TIONSHIP TO THE SUĂ… MODULE Âą9 STE² ND THE 'UROPE N 9 STE &IRECTIVE 0O H S TO Ă…E MENTIONED 1Ă…JECTIVE OF THIS SUĂ… MODULE IS TO SHOW HOW N OPTIMISED USE OF R W M TERI LS COULD Ă…E Ă… SIC CONDITION FOR THE STEELM KING PROCESS TO Ă…E Ă…OTH COST EFFICIENT ND ECO FRIENDLY 1N LEVEL THE REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT IN THE STEEL PRODUCTION ND THE ROLE OF R W M TERI LS ND ENERGY RE DESCRIĂ…ED .EVEL ILLUSTR TES THE ST INLESS STEEL PRODUCTION WITH THE '#( PROCESS ND THE USE ND REUSE OF SCR P 6HE USE ND REUSE OF STEELM KING Ă…YPRODUCTS M INLY SL G ND SCR P ND LIFE CYCLE SPECTS RE THE M IN TOPIC OF LEVEL WHILST LEVEL IS DEDIC TED TO THE N LYSIS OF THE LE RNERS ON THE IDENTIFIC TION ND THE USE ND REUSE OF R W M TERI LS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF THE COMP NY SUĂ…JECTS L.1: Basic information

L.2: understand background and coherences

L.3:professional practical knowledge/ competencies

L.4: process know-how

Raw Materials in the Steel Production

Steel Production Process (in relation to raw materials reuse)

Steel Production Process (in relation to raw materials)

Identification of raw materials and their reuse

Learning outcome

Initial understanding of raw material and its usage in the production process

Knowing how electric furnace production process works and raw materials are used within this process

Knowing how slag and scrape is (re)used in the production process, describing a life cycle of raw material

Be familiar with production cycle in the steel plant, ability to the (re)use of raw material in the company

Background information required

No information required

Information from L.1.

Information from L.2.

Information from L.3.

Approximate duration

90 minutes

90 minutes

2 days

5-15 days depending on the complexity

Target group profiles

Students or apprentices with vocational school degree and no work experience

Professional degree, max. two years of practice in the company

Professional degree, max. two years of practice in the company

Professional degree, more than two years of practice in the company

Group/team work, undertaking a given task

Conducting an on project analysing the production process in the company under the perspective of the use and reuse of raw material

Title of the training unit

Learning process (didactical procedure)

Lecture, group discussion exercises, test

Lecture, group discussion / work, test

The GT VET Blueprint 57

Level

L.1.

L.2.

L.3.

L.4.

Content

Didactical measures

Raw Materials in the Steel Production

1. Trainer input: lecture, lead discussion 2. Trainee behaviours: listening, active participation in exercises, looking up, collecting and filtering information, conclude agreements, team work, presentation of the results 3. Methods: tutor presentation; tutor led discussion, team and/or individual work, results presentation 4. Exercises: look up, work out, explain and present main notions; what are raw materials, listing raw materials;

Steel Production Process (in relation to raw materials reuse)

1. Trainer input: lecture, lead discussion 2. Trainee behaviours: listening, active participation in exercises, looking up, collecting and filtering information, conclude agreements, team work, presentation of the results 3. Methods: tutor presentation; tutor led discussion, team and/or individual work, results presentation 4. Exercises: look up, work out, explain and present which raw materials are used where and for what purpose; saving resources – raw materials

Steel Production Process (in relation to raw materials reuse)

1. Trainer input: lecture, lead discussion 2. Trainee behaviours: listening, active participation in exercises, looking up, collecting and filtering information, implementation of the task, conclude agreements, team work, presentation of the results 3. Methods: tutor presentation; tutor led discussion, team work, results presentation 4. Exercises: Raw materials and their life cycle: the hammer tool example

Identification of raw materials and their reuse in the workplace

1. Trainer input: lecture, lead discussion 2. Trainee behaviours: listening, active participation in exercises, looking up, collecting and filtering information, conclude agreements, to deliver and present information 3. Methods: tutor presentation; tutor led discussion, individual work, results presentation 4. Exercises: completing the form, checklist

Table 5 Sub-module Raw Materials - Overview, Content and Didactical Measures

3.4.3 Waste Materials 6HE SUÅ MODULE ±9 STE² W S DEVELOPED IN THE 7- ND H S HIGHLY RELEV NT CONTENT ND SOUND R NGE OF LE RNING METHODS DEPLOYED LOGIC L FIT WITH LL THE OTHER SUÅ MODULES ±'NERGY² ±4 W / TERI LS² ND ±0OISE² COVERED T COLLEGE INDUCTION S WELL S ONSITE %OMP RED WITH THE LEG L SITU TION OF W STE LEGISL TION IN OTHER COUNTRIES MODIFIC TION TO THE N TION L SITU TION IS NECESS RY ÅUT N IMPLEMENT TION OF THE 7- VERSION IS NOT CONSIDERED S PROÅLEM TIC (OR INSTRUCTORS TR INERS TWO PRIM RY GO LS WERE IMPORT NT %RE TING

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FIRST W RENESS OF TR INEES IN ORDER TO MEDI TE IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE EVEN IF THEY RE TR INED IN DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES OR WILL WORK IN V RIOUS FIELDS FTER THEIR PPRENTICESHIP SECONDLY IT IS NOT JUST M TTER TO IMP RT KNOWLEDGE ÅUT LSO TO CHIEVE CH NGE OF MENT LITY # CRITIC L REM RK H S TO ÅE M DE TO THE TERM ±W STE² 7LTIM TELY THE WHOLE PRODUCTION PROCESS IS CYCLE IN WHICH all SUÅST NCES RE DISCH RGED ND MUST ÅE RECYCLED 6 KING THIS INTO CONSIDER TION THERE IS NO ±W STE² NYMORE ÅUT M TERI LS TO ÅE RECYCLED SEE THE CONCEPT OF CIRCUL R ECONOMY DESCRIÅED IN CH PTER %ONSEQUENTLY THIS TERM IS OUTD TED OR MISLE DING IN TERMS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND LEGISL TION 6HE MODULE W S DEEMED NECESS RY TO TR IN THE P RTI L L CK OF W RENESS OF W STE M TERI LS ÅY TR INEES THROUGH PR CTIC L PROJECTS 6O INTEGR TE THE MODULE INTO THE PPRENTICESHIP V RIOUS TR INING STRUCTURES RE POSSIÅLE 1NE SUGGESTION IS TO ST RT WITH THE Å SICS IN THE FIRST YE R TO IMP RT THE NEXT TWO LEVELS IN THE COURSE OF THE TR INING ND T THE END OF THE TR INING TO C RRY OUT PROJECT 6HIS IS TO CONSOLID TE THE PRINCIPLE FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX CONTENT THE GENER L ±PHILOSOPHY² OF )6 8'6 (URTHERMORE IT IS LSO POSSIÅLE TO COMPLETE THE FIRST TWO LEVELS IN VOC TION L SCHOOLS ND NYTHING ELSE ON THE OPER TION L ST GE +N DDITION DURING THE FOURTH LEVEL NEW COMP NY REL TED PROJECT T SKS SHOULD ÅE SET OUT TO COPE WITH CURRENT OPER TION L PROÅLEMS +N THIS CONTEXT T NGIÅLE ME SUREMENT ND DOCUMENT TION OF CH NGES RE NON NEGLIGIÅLE ELEMENTS #S RESULT IT HELPS TO SHOW TR INEES IN TR NSP RENT W Y HOW THEIR ÅEH VIOUR M Y FFECT THE PRODUCTION M INTEN NCE PROCESS E G WITHIN PROJECT 6HIS C USES ¢ S NOT ONLY THE EXPERIENCE OF )6 8'6 SHOWS GRE TER W RENESS S PURELY THEORETIC L TR INING

The GT VET Blueprint 59

Table 6

5UÅ MODULE 9 STE 1VERVIEW %ONTENT ND &ID CTIC L /E SURES

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The GT VET Blueprint 61

3.4.4 Noise $ CKGROUND OF THE SUÃ… MODULE ±0OISE² IS TH T NOISE IS N UNDERESTIM TED EMISSION ND H RM ESPECI LLY IN THE PRODUCTION RE 9ITHIN )6 8'6 IT H RDLY CONSTITUTES CONSCIOUS PERCEIVED ISSUE FOR THE TR INEES ND WORKERS IN THE COMP NIES 6HIS W S DUE M INLY TO THE L CK OF W RENESS EVEN THOUGH SUCH NOISE PROTECTION RE S IN THE WORKS RE CLE RLY M RKED ND STRICT NOISE HE LTH ND S FETY REGUL TIONS RE PPLIED +N DDITION THE RESPONSIÃ…ILITY TO CT ENVIRONMENT LLY CONSCIOUS IS LOWER TH N WITH W STE ND ENERGY CONSERV TION $UT OVER LL IT Ã…EC ME CLE R TH T GRE TER W RENESS MUST Ã…E CRE TED REG RDING TO THE ISSUE OF NOISE IN N ENVIRONMENT L CONTEXT 6HE PPRO CH FOR THE SUÃ… MODULE IS Ã…IT DIFFERENT Ã…EC USE IT DDRESSES SECOND RY ND MIDDLE TECHNIC L SCHOOL STUDENT LEVEL ND WHILE LEVEL ND RE COMP NY REL TED TR ININGS *OWEVER THE CONTENTS OF LEVEL ND COULD Ã…E E SILY TR NSFERRED TO IN COMP NY TR ININGS S WELL 6HE MODULE W S LSO CONSIDERED Ã…EC USE NOISE IS COMMONPL CE T NGIÃ…LE ME SURE E G THROUGH DECIÃ…ELS VIÃ…R TION OF EQUIPMENT ND PROJECT WORK ND EXERCISES ON LEVEL ND RE POSSIÃ…LE E G STR TEGY DEVELOPMENT TO REDUCE NOISE

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Table 7 Sub-module Noise - Overview, Content and Didactical Measures

The GT VET Blueprint 63

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3.5 GREEN STAR Adaption, Modification and Extension of the GT VET Blueprint )ENER LLY PL NNED ND SEEN S ÅLUEPRINT FOR OTHER INDUSTRI L PROFESSIONS ND SECTORS THE CH LLENGE IS TO TR NSFER ND FURTHER DEVELOP THE )6 8'6 TR INING MODULE ND CONCEPT TO THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS INDUSTRY WITHIN )4''0 56#4 +T IS CH LLENGE ÅEC USE IT IS CH NGE FROM global ND large scale INDUSTRY ND SINGLE PRODUCTION COMP NIES OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY TO small and medium sized regional enterprise clusters and value chains )4''0 56#4 H S VERY DIFFERENT ND MORE HETEROGENEOUS Å CKGROUND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT CTIVITIES INVOLVING SCIENCE REGION L UTHORITIES MUNICIP LITIES CH MÅERS COMP NIES ND TR INING INSTITUTIONS S WELL S THE 'UROPE N 8OC TION L 6R INING #SSOCI TION 6OGETHER WITH THE RELEV NT P RTNERS OF )6 8'6 THE (OCUS )ROUP + OF )4''0 56#4 DELIVERED THE ESSENTI L CONTEXT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE )4''0 56#4 UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS TR INING MODULE $ SED ON THE #UTOMOTIVE %LUSTER &RIVEN #N LYSIS OF )IOV NNI $ERN RDI 7NIVERSITY OF 2 DU IT ÅEC ME EVIDENT TH T - )REEN SKILLS RE NO PP RENT TOPIC ESPECI LLY IN THE ÅLUE COLL R SECTOR IN THE CLUSTER - *UM N RESOURCES IN GENER L RE SEEN S CRITIC L SKILL SHORT GES UPD TING OF SKILLS - / IN DIMENSIONS FOR GREEN SKILLS RE ENERGY REDUCTION TR NSPORT M TERI LS EMISSIONS IR W TER W STE RECYCLING 6HE M IN CH LLENGES RE DERIVED S MENTIONED ÅEFORE FROM THE VERY DIFFERENT INDUSTRI L ND PRODUCTION Å CKGROUND OF THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS ND THE GIVEN SUPPLY CH IN PRODUCTION +N GENER L THE ±SME culture² IS VERY DIFFERENT TO THE RESOURCES ND POSSIÅILITIES OF ÅIG GLOÅ L COMP NIES M INLY CH R CTERISED ÅY LIMITED ND SPECI LISED PERSONNEL ND KNOWHOW RESOURCES MORE RE CTIVE TH N PRO CTIVE PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT S WELL S ÅY N ON DEM ND TECHNOLOGIC L DEVELOPMENT #NOTHER CH LLENGE IS THE V LUE PRODUCTION CH IN ND THE DIFFERENT COMP NIES SPECI LISED ON DIFFERENT P RTS FOR THE UTOMOTIVE SSEMÅLING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES ND PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6HIS M KES IT DIFFICULT TO DEVELOP ±ONE SIZE FITS LL MODULES² GU R NTEEING EQU L ST ND RDS FOR LL THE COMP NIES &R WN DEDUCTIONS OF THE CLUSTER N LYSIS FOR THE MODULE DEVELOPMENT RE - CONCERN ÅOUT W RENESS RISING OF THE COMP NIES ND THE WORKERS FOR GREEN SKILLS - CLE R ORIENT TION T THE CLUSTER PERSPECTIVE ND V LUE CH IN - DEM ND DRIVEN ±LE RNING CH IN² - CONSIDER TION OF THE IMP CT ON THE REGION L 8'6 SYSTEMS - N INTEGR TION OF THE SSEMÅLERS PERSPECTIVE 6HEREFORE THE )4''0 56#4 MODULE DEVELOPMENT ÅEC ME CLUSTER DRIVEN ND COORDIN TED TR INING PPRO CH WITH COMP NIES OF THE REGION L CLUSTERS INTEGR TING MODULE IMPROVEMENT 6HE CONTENTS OF THE MODULE RE DEM ND DRIVEN ÅY DEFINED PRIOR ENVIRONMENT L ISSUES ND RECENT PR CTIC L REQUIREMENTS

The GT VET Blueprint 65

#W RENESS R ISING ND SPECIFIC DID CTIC L ND PED GOGIC L ME SURES WERE IMPROVED ON THE Ã… SIS OF THE )6 8'6 MODULE GREEN STAR Approach: SME Cluster Related Development Setting / IN '7 RECOMMEND TIONS FOR VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING RE DELIVERING THE GENER L Ã… SIS FOR THE MODULE DEVELOPMENT OF )4''0 56#4 SUCH S IMPROVING COMP NY COMPETITIVENESS Ã…Y WORK Ã… SED LE RNING TO INCRE SE WORKPL CE INNOV TION %EDEFOP 6HE P RTICUL R MODULE DEVELOPMENT ND IMPROVEMENT T KES P RT ON THE Ã… CKGROUND ND UNDER P RTICIP TION OF THE REGION L CLUSTERS OF SM LL ND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES CH R CTERISED Ã…Y HETEROGENEITY CONCERNING THE USED M TERI LS PRODUCTION PROCESSES ND END PRODUCTS 6HEREFORE DIFFERENT OCCUP TIONS RE LSO CONCERNED LE DING TO CONCENTR TION ON TR NSVERS L SKILLS ND THE IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING OCCUP TIONS Ã…Y GREEN SKILLS %ONCERNING THE CLUSTER PPRO CH THE M N GEMENT OF THE 5/'S ND REGION L UTHORITIES H VE TO Ã…E INVOLVED THE END OF SUPPLY CH IN GLOÃ… L COMP NIES H S TO Ã…E ENCOMP SSED S WELL GREEN STAR Approach: Motivation - Why? 6HE )4''0 56#4 PPRO CH REFERS TO ±GREEN² S RELEV NT COMPETITIVE F CTOR ND NOT S ±NECESS RY EVIL² 6HE W RENESS OF GREEN IMP CT IN THE COMP NY IS CONCERNED NOT ONLY UNDER SUST IN Ã…ILITY Ã…UT COST Ã…ENEFIT SPECTS N IM GE IMPROVEMENT ND OTHER COMPETITIVE DV NT GES GREEN STAR Approach: Contents - What? 6HE DIFFERENT PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF THE COMP NY CLUSTERS WILL Ã…E IN THE FOCUS OF THE )4''0 56#4 THEM TIC SUÃ… MODULES 6HE DISCUSSION OF THE M IN GREEN ISSUES OF THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS INDUSTRY LED TO SELECTION ND MODIFIC TION OF TWO GIVEN )6 8'6 SUÃ… MODULES ENERGY ND W STE ND NEW V LUE ND PRODUCTION CH IN REL TED TOPIC LIFE CYCLE SSESSMENT 6HREE SUÃ… MODULES OF )4''0 56#4 - Energy POSSIÃ…LY INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE +51 Æ MODIFIC TION OF )6 8'6 - Waste Æ MODIFIC TION OF )6 8'6 - .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT .%# Æ NEW DEVELOPMENT 6HE NEW SUÃ… MODULE .%# IS STRICTLY CONNECTED WITH THE 'NERGY ND 9 STE PROCESSES M N GEMENT INSIDE THE COMP NY ND WILL Ã…E DESCRIÃ…ED LIKE THE )6 8'6 SUÃ…MODULES UNDER CH PTER GREEN STAR Approach: Framework - How? # COMMON FR MEWORK FOR THE MODULES W S DEVELOPED Ã… SED ON THE )6 8'6 'UROPE N (R MEWORK 6R INING /ODULE ND THE TWO CHOSEN SUÃ… MODULES RELEV NT FOR )4''0 56#4 S WELL 6HIS FR MEWORK IS CH R CTERISED Ã…Y N CTION ND WORK Ã… SED LE RNING PPRO CH WITH SPECIFIC GREEN T SKS ND PROJECTS TO Ã…E DONE WITHIN

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THE COMP NIES ÅUILT ON DULT REL TED TE CHING ND LE RNING STR TEGIES ± NDR GOGY² #LSO THE FOUR SUÅSEQUENT LE RNING LEVELS WERE T KEN OVER 6HE SHORT TERM UPD T ÅLE SUÅ MODULES COULD ÅE E SILY USED OR D PTED IN THE DIFFERENT UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS COMP NIES FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCTION RE S ND WORKPL CES ND FOR DIFFERENT EDUC TION ND QU LIFIC TION LEVELS 6HE MODULE CONCENTR TES ON THE RECENT ND FUTURE COMP NY NEEDS DEVELOPED ÅY M KING USE OF MULTIPLIERS TR INER TE CHER M N GER ETC IN MORE ÅOTTOM UP ND C SE STUDY W Y WHEN LOOKING T THE ST ÅLE OCCUP TIONS OF WORKERS &UE TO THE REGION L CLUSTER PPRO CH THE REGUL TION Å CKGROUND WILL ÅE CONSIDERED ND INTEGR TED Outline: Further Development of GT VET by GREEN STAR +N LINE WITH THE RESULTS OF THE FIN L 'UROPE N CONFERENCE OF )6 8'6 WITH 8'6 ST KEHOLDERS SOCI L P RTNERS THE STEEL INDUSTRY S WHOLE ND OTHER RELEV NT M NUF CTURING INDUSTRIES TTENDING ND THE HIGH LEVEL ROUND T ÅLE P NEL ON ±)REEN 5KILLS 4ELEV NCE FOR THE %OMPETITIVENESS OF THE 'UROPE N +NDUSTRY² )4''0 56#4 IS FURTHER DEVELOPING THE )6 8'6 MODULE 6HE P NEL P RTICIP NTS FROM 1'%& .''& &) '#% &) 'MPLOYMENT '741(170& INDUSTRI#.. '56'2 ND /EMÅER OF THE 'UROPE N 2 RLI MENT )REENS 'UROPE N (REE #LLI NCE ST TED TH T THIS PPRO CH IS THE RIGHT CONCEPT FOR - PUSHING GREEN W RENESS WITH GENERIC SPECIFIC ESSENTI L ND TR NSVERS L SKILLS - NEW W YS OF LE RNING ND TR INING P THW YS OFF THE CL SSROOM - FLEXIÅLE ND E SY INTEGR TION INTO EDUC TION ND TR INING PROGR MS IN SCHOOLS 8'6 INSTITUTIONS ND COMP NIES IN DDITION - SECTOR L ND CROSS SECTOR L COOPER TION ÅETWEEN COMP NIES - RESPONSIVE ND SHORT TERMED INTEGR TION OF NEW SKILLS COMING FROM CONTINUOUSLY ND R PIDLY CH NGING PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE WORKPL CE THE SHOP FLOOR

3.6

Life Cycle Assessment (The new GREEN STAR module)

Gabriella Bettiol, Chiara Salatin (OLLOWING TO THE RESULTS OF THE (OCUS )ROUP + OF THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT IN &ORTMUND )ERM NY ,UNE THE ST KEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN )4''0 56#4 SELECTED TWO SUÅMODULES FROM THE )6 8'6 ÅLUEPRINT ±'NERGY² ND ±9 STE² ND SUGGESTED TO DEVELOP new sub-module “Life Cycle Assessment” .%# CONSIDERING ITS RELEV NCE WITHIN THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CH INS 6HE RELEV NCE OF .%# LSO ÅEC ME EVIDENT ÅY THE GREEN SKILLS N LYSIS OF THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY SEE CH PTER &UE TO ITS NOVELTY ND THE HIGH RELEV NCE OF .%# S N DDITION TO THE )4''0 56#4 TR INING MODULE SEE CH PTER THE CONCEPT OF .%# IS FIRST DESCRIÅED IN DET IL DDED ÅY N OVERVIEW OF THE CONTENT ORG NIS TION L ND DID CTIC L ME SURES FOLLOWING THE S ME STRUCTURE LIKE THE LRE DY ILLUSTR TED )6 8'6 MODULES

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͵Ǥ͸Ǥͳ .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT .%# IS N OÅJECTIVE PROCEDURE LLOWING TO QU NTIFY POSSIÅLE IMP CT OF PRODUCT OR PROCESS ON ENVIRONMENT ND HUM N HE LTH ÅY THE ME NS OF C LCUL TING ENERGY CONSUMPTION EMISSIONS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT IR W TER ND SOIL ND GENER TED W STE ND IDENTIFYING THE USED M TERI LS ϭϲ 6HIS SSESSMENT COVERS THE WHOLE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE INCLUDING THE EXTR CTION ND PROCESSING OF R W M TERI LS THE M NUF CTURING TR NSPORT DISTRIÅUTION USE RE USE RECYCLING ND FIN L DISPOS L 6HE .%# METHOD IS NOW OFFICI LLY REGUL TED IN THE +51 ST ND RD SERIES 70+ '0 +51 ND 70+ '0 +51 OF ϭϳ +T IS TOOL SSESSING CONSEQUENCES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT ÅY PRODUCT OR N CTIVITY OVER ITS WHOLE LIFE CYCLE THEREFORE IT IS IMED T PRESERVING HUM N ND ENVIRONMENT L HE LTH S WELL S S VING RESOURCES +N COMPLI NCE WITH +51 ST ND RDS THE .%# PROCEDURE IS TECHNIC LLY ORG NISED INTO FOUR SEP R TE ND SEQUENTI L PH SES N MELY 1. Goal and Scope Definition 6HIS IS THE PRELIMIN RY PH SE DEFINING THE IMS OF THE STUDY THE FUNCTION L UNIT THE ÅOUND RIES OF THE STUDIED SYSTEM THE REQUIREMENTS ND RELI ÅILITY OF D T THE SSUMPTIONS ND LIMITS 2. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI): 6HIS PH SE IS FOCUSED ENTIRELY ON THE STUDY OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF PROCESS OR CTIVITY IT IS IMED T RECONSTRUCTING ND M KING QU NTIT TIVE SSESSMENT OF PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH THE FLOW OF ENERGY ND OF M TERI LS SUPPORTS THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM UNDER EV LU TION ÅY THE ME NS OF LL TR NSFORM TION ND TR NSPORT TION PROCESSES 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA): +T STUDIES THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT C USED ÅY THE PROCESS OR CTIVITY ND IMS T REPORTING THE DEGREE OF CH NGES IMP CT C TEGORIES ENSUING FROM RELE SES INTO THE ENVIRONMENT ND CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES C LCUL TED IN THE INVENTORY 4. Life Cycle Interpretation and Improvement: 6HIS IS THE FIN L PH SE OF .%# IMING T SUGGESTING THE NECESS RY CH NGES IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT OF PROCESSES ND CTIVITIES UNDER STUDY ÅY ME NS OF REPETITIVE SSESSMENT TOOLS TO F CILIT TE DECISION M KING PROCESS IF NECESS RY TO CHIEVE ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN ÅILITY ND EFFICIENCY +N DDITION TO CL RIFYING THE M IN GO LS OF THE STUDY ONE OF THE M IN STEPS OF THE )O L ND 5COPE &EFINITION PH SE IS TO DEFINE FUNCTION L UNIT I E THE PRODUCT SERVICE OR FUNCTION ON WHICH THE N LYSIS WILL ÅE Å SED S WELL S FOR COMP RISON WITH OTHER POSSIÅLE LTERN TIVES 6HE FUNCTION L UNIT DEFINES THE REFERENCE OÅJECT IN OUR STUDY TO WHICH LL INPUT ND OUTPUT D T SH LL ÅE REFERRED TO ND WHICH SH LL ÅE CONSISTENT WITH THE .%# GO LS ND ITS SCOPE OF PPLIC TION 6HE M IN OÅJECTIVE OF THE FUNCTION L UNIT IS TO PROVIDE REFERENCE TO WHICH THE INPUTS ND

5OCIETY OF 'NVIRONMENT L 6OXICOLOGY ND %HEMISTRY 5'6#% )UIDELINES FOR .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT CODE OF PR CTICE 5'6#% $RUSSELS +51 'NVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT .IFE CYCLE SSESSMENT 2RINCIPLES ND FR MEWORK +51 'NVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT .IFE CYCLE SSESSMENT 4EQUIREMENTS ND GUIDELINES

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OUTPUTS C N Ã…E REL TED +51 6HE PRODUCT QU NTITY TH T IS NECESS RY TO MEET THE FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS IS C LLED REFERENCE FLOW FROM WHICH INPUT ND OUTPUT FLOWS TO THE SYSTEM C N Ã…E C LCUL TED # COMP RISON Ã…ETWEEN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS IS ONLY POSSIÃ…LE IF THE S ME QU NTIFIED FUNCTIONS RE N LYSED Ã…Y USING THE S ME FUNCTION L UNITS ND REFERENCE FLOWS &URING THE )O L ND 5COPE &EFINITION PH SE THE PHYSIC L Ã…OUND RIES OF THE SYSTEM LSO NEED TO Ã…E DEFINED I E WHICH PROCESSES ND SPECTS RE CONSIDERED IN CCORD NCE WITH THE GO LS OF THE .%# STUDY 6HE SECOND PH SE .IFE %YCLE +NVENTORY .%+ INVOLVES CRE TING MODEL OF RE LITY OFFERING THE MOST PRECISE INVENTORY OF LL EXCH NGES FROM THE R W M TERI LS SUPPLY TO PRODUCE N OÃ…JECT TO ITS M N GEMENT DURING THE ±END OF LIFE² ST GE Ã…ETWEEN SINGLE OPER TIONS ND PROCESSES Ã…ELONGING TO THE SYSTEM UNDER STUDY $ LDO ET L 6HREE STEPS CH R CTERISE THE .%+ D T COLLECTION C LCUL TION ND INTERPRET TION OF RESULTS & T COLLECTION IMPLIES DET ILED EXPL N TION OF SUPPLY METHODS DIRECT INDIRECT ND EL Ã…OR TE ND OF C TEGORIES TO WHICH D T Ã…ELONG M TERI L ENERGY ENVIRONMENT L RELE SES &IRECT OR PRIM RY D T INCLUDE D T DIRECTLY ME SURED ON THE FIELD THROUGH N LYSIS ND OR MONITORING OR D T DIRECTLY OÃ…T INED FROM INVOLVED PRODUCTION CTIVITIES COMP NIES WHERE S D T DERIVING FROM EXISTING LITER TURE SOURCES OR D T Ã… NKS RE TO Ã…E CONSIDERED S INDIRECT OR SECOND RY D T 6HE C LCUL TION METHOD PROCESSES INPUT D T Ã…Y COMP RING THEM WITH THE CHOSEN FUNCTION L UNIT 6HIS PH SE LSO INCLUDES THE PROCESSING OF NY MISSING D T WITH THE RELEV NT MOTIV TION OF THEIR Ã…SENCE 6HE C LCUL TION METHOD PRODUCES THE FOLLOWING RESULTS SOLID LIQUID ND G SEOUS EMISSIONS QU NTITIES OF FINISHED ND OR SEMI FINISHED PRODUCTS ND ENERGY CONSUMPTION 6HE .%+ RESULTS MUST Ã…E C REFULLY N LYSED IN ORDER TO VERIFY THE QU LITY OF D T ND THE FIN L D T REL TED TO M SS ND ENERGY 6HE CORRECTNESS ND SUIT Ã…ILITY OF METHODOLOGIC L CHOICES M DE IN THE C LCUL TION PROCEDURE RE LSO SSESSED 6HE .%+ RESULTS RE THE ST RTING POINT FOR THE NEXT STEP I E THE .IFE %YCLE +MP CT #SSESSMENT .%+# 6HE +51 ST ND RD IDENTIFIES THREE M ND TORY STEPS IN THE .%+# I SELECTION ND DEFINITION OF IMP CT C TEGORIES PROVIDING COMPLETENESS INDEPENDENT JUDGEMENT ND PR CTIC LITY II SSIGNMENT OF .%+ RESULTS CL SSIFIC TION Ã…Y SSIGNING THE INVENTORY D T TO THE DIFFERENT IMP CT C TEGORIES III MODELLING C TEGORY INDIC TORS CH R CTERIS TION Ã…Y ME NS OF MODELS Ã…LE TO CONVERT THE .%+ RESULTS SSIGNED TO THE IMP CT C TEGORIES INTO SPECIFIC COMMON UNITS OF ME SURE E G EQUIV LENT %1 # FEW OPTION L ELEMENTS RE LSO SUGGESTED MONG WHICH THE NORM LIS TION OF D T I E THE COMP RISON WITH REFERENCE V LUE LLOWING TO REPORT THE DIFFERENT RESULTS OÃ…T INED FOR E CH IMP CT C TEGORY INTO NORM LISED REFERENCE V LUE THE GROUPING OF RESULTS I E Ã… SED ON HIER RCHIC L SYSTEM CCORDING TO THE ORDER OF PRIORITY OR ON NOMIN L Ã… SIS CCORDING TO RELE SE CH R CTERISTICS THE WEIGHTING OF INDIC TOR RESULTS CROSS IMP CT C TEGORIES THROUGH NUMERIC L F CTORS IN ORDER TO CRE TE SINGLE FIN L INDIC TOR SSESSING THE ENVIRONMENT L D M GE THE D T QU LITY N LYSIS SSESSING THEIR ME NING C LCUL TING THE UNCERT INTY ND SENSITIVITY OF THE .%+# RESULTS 6HE FIRST OPER TION TO IMPLEMENT IN THE .%+# PH SE IS N MELY THE SELECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT L CONSEQUENCES OR IMP CT C TEGORIES ON WHICH THE

The GT VET Blueprint 69

N LYSIS WILL ÅE Å SED 6HIS CHOICE DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF METHOD OF IMP CT N LYSIS 'CO INDIC TOR %/. '2& ETC 6HE FOURTH ND L ST PH SE .IFE %YCLE +NTERPRET TION CONSISTS IN IDENTIFYING THE SIGNIFIC NT F CTORS IN THE LIFE CYCLE N LYSIS ND EV LU TING THE FIN L RESULTS OÅT INED 6HE OUTCOME OF THE INTERPRET TION PH SE IS LSO SET OF CONCLUSIONS CONSISTENT WITH THE GO LS OF THE STUDY ND INCLUDED IN THE DEFINED SCOPE OF PPLIC TION WITH THE PRODUCTION OF FIN L REPORT SUGGESTING POTENTI L SOLUTIONS TO ÅE IMPLEMENTED IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT OF THE SYSTEM OR PRODUCT UNDER STUDY ͵Ǥ͸Ǥʹ Ǧ ȋ ǡ Ȍ #G INST THIS Å CKGROUND THE .%# TR INING SUÅ MODULE OF )4''0 56#4 H S ÅEEN STRUCTURED INTO FOUR SUÅSEQUENT LEVELS OF LE RNING FOLLOWING THE M IN STRUCTURE OF )6 8'6 S FOLLOWS - .'8'. IS IMED T SUPPLYING Å SIC INFORM TION ON .%# KEY CONCEPTS SUCH S ±LIFE CYCLE² ±EMISSIONS RELE SES CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES² ND ±ENVIRONMENT L IMP CTS² - .'8'. IMS T GOING IN DEPTH ND UNDERST NDING THE LOGIC ÅEHIND THE .%# I E HOW M TERI LS ND ENERGY TH T WE USE C N H VE EFFECTS IMP CTS S DESCRIÅED THROUGH DEQU TE ENVIRONMENT L INDIC TORS WHICH RE THE FIN L RESULT OF THE .%# - .'8'. SHOWS DET ILED UNDERST NDING OF THE .%# METHODOLOGY IN LL ITS PH SES ND IT INCLUDES PR CTICE EXERCISE 6HE .EVEL IS T RGETED TO STUDENTS PPRENTICES ND WORKERS WITH PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF Å SIC CONCEPTS ON ENVIRONMENT L IMP CTS PRODUCTION PROCESSES W STE M N GEMENT - .'8'. NOT ONLY PROVIDES FURTHER IN DEPTH N LYSIS OF THE .%# METHODOLOGY ÅUT IT LSO SUGGESTS STR TEGIES TO USE ND SPRE D THE RESULTS OF .%# STUDY WITH SPECI L FOCUS ON GREEN GREEN M RKETING L ÅELLING 6HE .EVEL IS T RGETED TO WORKERS WITH N IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF PRODUCT ND M NUF CTURING PROCESSES 6HE FOUR LEVELS OF LE RNING WILL H VE DIFFERENT TIME DEVELOPMENT ND THEY RE ORG NISED IN SUCH W Y TH T THEY C N ÅE D PTED TO DIFFERENT NEEDS +N DEPTH STUDY CTIVITIES RE DEVELOPED ON THE Å SIS OF THE LE RNERS° DEGREE OF Å SIC KNOWLEDGE 6HE FOLLOWING T ÅLE CONT INS DET ILED INFORM TION ÅOUT E CH LEVEL OF IN DEPTH LE RNING 6HESE TR INING LEVELS RE THEN SUMM RISED IN THE CH RTS TO WITH LIST OF THE CTIVITIES TO ÅE IMPLEMENTED ÅY THE TUTOR TR INER THEIR GO LS ND STR TEGIES

%/. IS N ENVIRONMENT L +MP CT SSESSMENT METHOD CRE TED ÅY THE 7NIVERSITY OF .EIDEN IN THE 0ETHERL NDS IN #N '2&¦ 'NVIRONMENT L 2RODUCT &ECL R TION IS N INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED ND REGISTERED DOCUMENT TH T COMMUNIC TES TR NSP RENT ND COMP R ÅLE INFORM TION ÅOUT THE LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT OF PRODUCTS

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DEVELOPED TO F VOUR CONTENT LE RNING E G PRESENT TIONS PR CTICE EXERCISES ETC 6HE DUR TION ND THE NECESS RY DID CTIC M TERI LS RE LSO SPECIFIED IN THE CH RTS 5UGGESTIONS ND EX MPLES FOR ÅETTER UNDERST NDING OF THE TYPE OF IN DEPTH N LYSIS ND THE LE RNING M TERI LS ND METHODS SORTED ÅY LEVEL RE THEN INCLUDED IN THE WEÅSITE ǁǁǁ͘ŐƌĞĞŶƐŬŝůůƐͲƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ĞƵ L.1 – Basic Information

L.2 – understand background and coherences

L.3 – professional practical knowledge

L.4 – process know how

The life cycle concept of a product

The methodology of LCA

LCA and green marketing

To use the “life cycle” concept of a product (cradleto-grave) To be able to distinguish the different phases; for each phase, to identify interactions with the surrounding environment

The concept of environmental impact, effects and indicators To analyse the concept of environmental impacts and their difference with respect to an environmental effect, as well as understanding the meaning of environmental indicators

To understand the meaning of the life cycle assessment, see how it is structured according to the ISO 1404043:2006 standards, and conduct a LCA study.

Background information required

No specific knowledge

Minimum / basic knowledge

Approximat e duration Target group profile Learning process

90 minutes

120 minutes

To understand the methodology of the life cycle assessment, see how it is structured according to the ISO 1404043:2006 standards, and what type of results are obtained Basic concepts on environmental impacts, production processes, waste management 8 hours

First-level trainees / apprentices Presentation and group work

Technical schools students - Workers Presentation and group work

Title of the training unit

Learning outcome

Workers

In-depth, workbased knowledge

8 hours

Specialist/ responsible in the company Presentation and Presentation, group work, group and project practical task work

The GT VET Blueprint 71

Level L.1

L.2

L.3

L.4

Content

Methodol ogy

Discover that each product has its own history starting before its supply and continuing after the end of use, and this history can be improved once there is knowledge about the impacts associated with the product. To learn the concept of “life cycle” of a product (cradle-to-grave), i.e. to be able to distinguish the different phases (from raw materials extraction and supply to product processing, manufacture, use and disposal); for each phase, to identify interactions with the surrounding environment, by using concepts such as “environmental releases” and “resource inputs” (resource: what is purchased from the surrounding world? emissions: what is released into the environment? waste: what is generated?). To understand that key concepts such as “resources” and “releases” are the basis for the definition of “impacts” on environment and human health. What is the meaning of the environmental impact of a product starting from its raw materials and going through production, transport and use, until its disposal? How is environmental impact measured? How are environmental performances evaluated? This level shows what lies behind the LCA without following the LCA methodology according to the ISO standards. Practical implementation of LCA? What is under analysis with a LCA? What is it for? What is a LCA study like? The trainee will understand in detail concepts such as “functional unit”, “system boundaries”, “material and energy flows”, “inventory”, “allocation” and “impact quantification” In addition to understanding the concepts learned in level 3, level 4 is aimed at learning how LCA can be conducted and how the results can be used and disseminated for “green marketing” purposes.

See chart below

See chart below

See chart below

See chart below

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Level 1 -The concept of “life cycle” of a product (cradle-to-grave) Tutor/trainer

Objective

Method

Duration

Welcome address

Stimulating curiosity Activating and motivating this theme by starting with a product or an example Checking knowledge about familiar products and associating resources / releases / impacts Collecting information, understanding and elaborating

Short presentation Presentation + guided discussion by the tutor on a product

5 min

Introduction to the theme: concepts of life cycle, resources and releases

Detailed explanation of the life cycle of a few products of interest in a sector, association of releases and resources to the impacts Exercise aimed at distinguishing the life cycle phases and the interaction (exchange) with the surrounding environment Contents summarised and final discussion

Listening

Methodology notes

15 min

The chosen final product / example must be easily “divided” into its primary components

Presentation + conversation

30 min

Selected products based on the reference sector (e.g. wood furniture items: window; refrigeration: fridge, etc.)

Practical exercise

30 min

The practical exercise includes matrixes and associations to be made

Guided discussion

10 min

The GT VET Blueprint 73

Level 2 -The concept of environmental impacts, effects and indicators Tutor/trainer

Objective

Method

Duration

Welcome address

Stimulating curiosity Understanding the connection between life cycle phases and exchanges of materials and energy Awakening curiosity: “How is impact measured?“ Collecting information, understanding and elaborating

Short presentation Presentation

5 min

Presenting the concepts of life cycle and exchanges with the environment (releases and resources) Presenting the concepts of “effect” – “impact” – “indicator” Exercise aimed at “calculating and quantifying” the impacts

Methodology notes

10 min

Presentation + conversation

30 min

Practice + group work

30 min

Which indicators?

Stimulating attention to several indicators : “Why can more than one indicator be used?”

Presentation + conversation

30 min

Contents summarised and final discussion

Listening

Guided discussion

15 min

This practical session includes using Excel sheets and measures to calculate the impacts (practical exercise) The focus is not on the formula or on the mathematical model to calculate the indicator, but on the reason why several indicators are needed to evaluate the environmental performance

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Level 3 - The meaning of the life cycle assessment Tutor/trainer

Objective

Method

Duration

Welcome address

Stimulating curiosity Understanding the connection with the concept of life and the impacts

Short Presentation Presentation

5 min

Identifying the specific phases of the LCA methodology Collecting information on all processes involved in the life cycle of each component of a selected product and of its packaging. Understanding and processing inventory data Listening

Presentation + conversation

240 – 360 min

To be split in 2 or 3 meetings depending on the needs

Practice, group work

120 240 min

LCA study to be conducted with the suitable software in the demo version (e.g. SimaPro), on a specific product of interest

Guided discussion

15 min

Presenting the concepts of life cycle, exchanges with the environment and impacts Presenting the LCA methodology

Exercise aimed at an in-depth study of the following concepts: functional unit, system boundaries, inventory, allocation problems

Contents summarised and final discussion

Methodology notes

15 min

The GT VET Blueprint 75

Level 4 – LCA and green marketing Tutor/trainer Welcome address Presenting the LCA methodology

Exercise aimed at an in-depth study of the following concepts: functional unit, system boundaries, inventory, allocation problems

LCA and green marketing

Contents summarised and final discussion

Objective Stimulating curiosity Identifying the specific phases of the LCA methodology Collecting information on all processes involved in the life cycle of each component of a selected product and of its packaging. Understanding and processing inventory data How are the results of the LCA used?

Listening

Method Short .ppt presentation .ppt presentation + conversation Practice, group work

Duration 5 min

Methodology notes

240 – 360 min

To be split in 2 or 3 meetings depending on the needs

120 240 min

LCA study to be conducted with the suitable software in the demo version (e.g. SimaPro), on a specific product of interest

.ppt presentation + conversation

60 – 120 min

Environmental Product Declaration, Carbon Footprint, Ecological Footprint, Water Footprint

Guided discussion

15 min

Table 8 Sub-module LCA - Overview, Content and Didactical Measures

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References $ LDO ). / RINO / 4OSSI 5 Analisi del ciclo di vita LCA. Materiali, prodotti, processi #MĂ…IENTE 2UĂ…LIC TIONS %'&'(12 Learning while working - Success stories on workplace learning in Europe .UXEMĂ…OURG *OW LDT , $UTZIN # &OM NSKI & - LETK % Theoretical Approaches to Social Innovation – A Critical Literature Review # DELIVER Ă…LE OF THE PROJECT Âą5OCI L +NNOV TION &RIVING (ORCE OF 5OCI L %H NGE² 5+ &4+8' &ORTMUND *OW LDT , 5CHW RZ / Soziale Innovation im Fokus. Skizze eines gesellschaftstheoretisch inspirierten Forschungskonzepts $IELEFELD 5CHR†DER # Implementing Innovative Structures to Improve Lifelong Learning - a Social Innovation Process, The Example HESSENCAMPUS %5+ &ISCUSSION 2 PER 0O 8IENN 5CHR†DER # - LETK % GT VET European Framework Module – Green Skills for Mechanical/Industrial and Electric Technicians &ORTMUND V IL Ă…LE T HTTP WWW GT VET COM WPFĂ…ADL! 5OCIETY OF 'NVIRONMENT L 6OXICOLOGY ND %HEMISTRY 5'6#% Guidelines for LifeCycle Assessment: a code of practice. SETAC $RUSSELS

4 GREEN STAR Approach and Modules

+T H S Ã…EEN S ID TH T EXPERIENCE IS THE Ã…EST TE CHER 9ITH TH T ND THE Ã…LUEPRINT OF )6 8'6 IN MIND THE FOLLOWING CH PTER ENCOMP SSES THE CORE REFLECTIONS ND CTIVITIES SUPPORTED Ã…Y )4''0 56#4 ST KEHOLDERS 6HE FIRST P RT IS DEDIC TED TO THE SUMM RY OF THE LITER TURE REVIEW WHICH IDENTIFY ND EXPLORES THE FOUR CONCEPTU L PILL RS OF THE GREEN SKILLS° INTRODUCTION WITHIN THE V LUE CH IN OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS UTOMOTIVE CLUSTERS SUST IN Ã…ILITY ND SKILLS 6HE FOUR KEYWORDS EMÃ…R CE DIFFERENT F CTORS INTERVENING INTO COLLECTIVE LE RNING PROCESS TECHNOLOGY ISSUES POLICIES ENVIRONMENT ND HUM N RESOURCES 6HE SECOND P RT CONSIDERS THE REGION L Ã… CKGROUNDS REL TED TO UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS OF THE THREE P RTICIP TING REGIONS 0ORTH 9ESTERN 4OM NI $ SQUE %OUNTRY ND 8ENETO 9ITH REG RD TO THE L TTER IT IS DEPICTED COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF THE FR MEWORK REGUL TIONS FOR DISTRICTS ND INNOV TION NETWORKS M N GEMENT S WELL S THE PRINCIPLES ND THE RULES UNDERPINNING THE PPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM RELEV NT ND Ã…EING THE Ã… CKGROUND FOR THE 8'6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENT TION SEE CH PTER 6HE THIRD P RT PRESENTS THE GENER L FR MEWORK P RTICIP TIVE PPRO CH ND METHODOLOGY UNDERNE TH THE TR NSFER OF )6 8'6 ND THE DEFINITION OF THE CTIONS UNDERT KEN INCLUDING THE EV LU TION DESIGN TO SSESS THE IMP CT OF E CH CTIVITY 6HE FOURTH P RT FULLY DISPL YS THREE C SE STUDIES DESCRIÃ…ED S ±#CTION 2L NS² TO TEST THE 5UST IN Ã…LE /ODULE FOR )REEN 5KILLS IN THE INVOLVED P RTNER COMP NIES #N EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF CONTINUOUS TR INING INVOLVING SELECTED S MPLE OF 5/'S IMED T V LID TING THE MODULE IN DDITION L SECTORS N MELY HOME PPLI NCES 6HE TR INING SUÃ…MODULES CONSIDERED RE 'NERGY 9 STE ND .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT 6HE FIFTH P RT GOES DOWN TO THE REST OF THE LE RNING CH IN Ã…Y SHOWC SING THE PPLIC TION OF THE SUÃ… MODULES IN HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION SECOND RY TECHNIC L EDUC TION ND THE PPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM 6HE SIXTH ND L ST P RT HIGHLIGHTS THE M IN RESULTS OÃ…T INED Ã…Y THE IMP CT EV LU TION C RRIED OUT Ã…Y N EXTERN L EV LU TOR THROUGH INTERVIEWS QUESTIONN IRES ND D T COLLECTION

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4.1 Literature Review: Sustainability and Skills

Automotive,

Clusters,

Giovanni Bernardi 6HIS CH PTER DOES NOT REPRESENT CL SSIC LITER TURE REVIEW S IT IS NOT COMPLETE N LYSIS THEREFORE IT DOES NOT PROVIDE THEM TIC COMP RISON ÅETWEEN P PERS ND UTHORS ÅEC USE THE TOPICS OF THE IN DEPTH N LYSIS RESE RCH THEMES THE REFERENCE FR MEWORK ND THE TR INING MODULES H VE ÅEEN DEFINED ÅY practice issues OF THE COMP NIES FOLLOWING THE RESULTS OF THE FOCUS GROUPS™ MEETINGS OF THE PROJECT 0EVERTHELESS IT REPRESENTS N N LYSIS STRUCTURE ST RTING FROM THE M TRIX REPRESENTED ÅELOW IN ORDER TO PROVIDE COMMON FR MEWORK FURTHER DEVELOPED WITH DDITION L SUGGESTIONS FROM V RIOUS P RTNERS 6HIS IS DONE WITH SUMM RY SHEETS OUTLINING THE CONTENT OF SOME VERY WIDE REPORTS WITH UP TO P GES SOMETIMES PROÅ ÅLY USEFUL ONLY FOR THE SPECIFIC IMS OF THE PROJECT HELPING TO SELECT R THER FR GMENTED LITER TURE REFERENCES 6HEREFORE THIS REVIEW DONE S ONE OF THE FIRST STEPS OF )4''0 56#4 PROVIDED ST RTING POINT FOR REFLECTION ND DISCUSSION SORT OF THEM TIC MEMOR NDUM FOR FURTHER PROJECT CTIVITIES 2 PERS H VE ÅEEN SE RCHED ÅY TYPING IN THE FOLLOWING KEYWORDS Automotive Skills/Competence Sustainability/Green and Cluster 6HEREFORE TWO D T Å SES H VE ÅEEN USED M INLY 5COPUS ND 5CHOL R 0 TUR LLY USING SINGLE KEYWORDS ME NS GETTING ÅOUT MILLION SE RCH RESULTS +N ORDER TO M N GE THIS D T IN USEFUL W Y IT H S ÅEEN NECESS RY TO COMÅINE MORE KEYWORDS FOR EX MPLE WITH THREE KEYWORDS SELECTION OF ÅOUT TEN TITLES IS OÅT INED ON 5COPUS *OWEVER ÅY COMÅINING MORE KEYWORDS L CK OF RESULTS W S PRODUCED WHICH LED TO THE CHOICE TO SELECT RTICLES REL TED T LE ST TWO COMÅINED KEYWORDS /OREOVER THE C DEMIC TR ITS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITER TURE IN 5COPUS NEED TO ÅE T KEN INTO CONSIDER TION $ETTER RESULTS H VE ÅEEN OÅT INED ÅY GOING THROUGH REPORTS REL TED TO 'UROPE N PROJECTS OR TO INSTITUTION L RESE RCH STUDIES E G PUÅLIC INSTITUTIONS TR DE SSOCI TIONS ETC 2RIORITY H D ÅEEN GIVEN TO OFFICI L DOCUMENTS '7 P PERS 1'%& PUÅLIC TIONS ETC ND E SILY V IL ÅLE LITER TURE ON THE +NTERNET $ SIC LLY SELECTION H S ÅEEN M DE ÅOUT TITLES H VE ÅEEN N LYSED 1UT OF THIS THE M IN REFERENCES LISTED T THE END OF THE CH PTER ND IN THE FOLLOWING MENTIONED IN ÅR CKETS =REFERENCE? THEY H VE ÅEEN M PPED WITH THEME Å SED POSITION TO THE M IN ISSUES S SHOWN IN THE FIGURE ÅELOW 6HE POSITION OF THE DIFFERENT P PERS IS ONLY GUIDE FOR RE DERS +N F CT SOME P PER IS CROSSING DIFFERENT THEMES ND C N H VE SEVER L TTRIÅUTES WHICH GENER TE DIVERSE PL CING IN THE M P

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 79

6HE NUMÃ…ERS RE REPRESENTING THE REFERENCES T THE END OF THE CH PTER Figure 9 Map of the literature according to the four main issues of GREEN STAR (automotive, cluster, sustainability, skills) Automotive .ITER TURE ON THE SINGLE TOPIC ± UTOMOTIVE² OÃ…VIOUSLY CONCERNS TECHNIC L EVOLUTION Ã…OTH FROM DESIGN ND PL NNING REL TED SPECTS E G ELECTRIC C RS OR INDUSTRI L ECONOMY IN GENER L PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRI L POLICIES ND EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 9ITHIN THE )4''0 56#4 PERSPECTIVE THE SELECTION FOCUSED Ã… SIC LLY ON RESE RCH STUDIES CENTRED ON THE 6ECHNOLOGIC L 4O D / PPING 64/ METHODOLOGY L RGELY IN COOPER TION WITH +(/ % MÃ…RIDGE 6HIS METHODOLOGY LLOWS UNDERST NDING OF DEVELOPING TRENDS WITHIN SECTOR CONNECTING M RKETS TECHNOLOGIES SYSTEMS ND RESOURCES LSO PEOPLE ND THEIR SKILLS DEPENDING ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF E CH SPECIFIC RESE RCH PROJECT = ? 6HE EMERGING TRENDS ST RTING FROM TECHNOLOGIES REL TED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUST IN Ã…ILITY CONCERN THE PRODUCT Ã…EING USED R THER TH N THE PROCESS TO PRODUCE IT 2ROCESSES RE NONETHELESS CONSIDERED P RTICUL RLY IN CONNECTION WITH NEW M TERI LS ND ENERGY ISSUES ND THEY RE IMPORT NT TO DEFINE ND CONNECT SKILLS 6HE TWO KEY DIMENSIONS OF IMP CT RE pollution S GENER L ISSUE ND WITHIN THE PRODUCT .IFE %YCLE / N GEMENT ND energy CONSUMPTION REL TED TO PRODUCTION S WELL S TO THE ME NS OF TR NSPORT #LTHOUGH THE DIFFERENT 6ECHNOLOGIC L 4O D / PPING 64/ STR TEGIES ORIGIN TE FROM DIFFERENT N TION L CONTEXTS #USTR LI 7- 75# TECHNOLOGIC L TRENDS H VE N IMP CT ON THE FORE MENTIONED ISSUES N MELY WITHIN N EVOLVING PERSPECTIVE FOCUSING ON NEW

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M TERI LS ELECTRICITY STOR GE M TERI LS H NDLING SYSTEMS RECYCLING IR ND W TER EMISSIONS ND MORE WIDELY SPE KING ON LL TYPIC L GREEN TOPICS 4EPORT = ? CONSIDERS THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGIC L PRIORITY RE S H VING DIRECT IMP CT ON PRODUCT SUST IN Ã…ILITY - 'NGINE ND POWERTR IN ' 26 - *YÃ…RID ELECTRIC ND LTERN TIVELY FUELLED VEHICLES *'8 - #DV NCED SOFTW RE SENSORS ELECTRONICS ND TELEM TICS #55'6 - #DV NCED STRUCTURES ND M TERI LS (#5/#6 - &ESIGN ND M NUF CTURING PROCESSES &/ 2 6HE M IN PRIORITY PPLIC TIONS CURRENTLY INFLUENCING THE CLUSTER RE ND WILL LSO H VE INFLUENCE IN THE FUTURE - 8EHICLE 'LECTRIFIC TION - ) SEOUS (UELS - .IGHTWEIGHT - & T ND %OMMUNIC TIONS #S C N Ã…E CLE RLY OÃ…SERVED THESE TWO PERSPECTIVES CONVERGE TOW RD POSSIÃ…LE INTEGR TION $Y N LYSING THE RO D M PS 64/ GREEN W RENESS IS NOT P RTICUL RLY EMERGING ISSUE UNLESS REL TED TO LEGISL TION TO POLICY RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED Ã…Y UTHORITIES OR ST KEHOLDERS OR TO THE DEM ND FOR ±GREENER² PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM CUSTOMERS° INCRE SING W RENESS LTHOUGH SUCH TREND IS GROWING DEM ND PULLED PRODUCTS RE LIMITED TO M RKET NICHES (URTHERMORE CENTR L ISSUE IN THE N LYSED RESE RCH STUDIES IS THE STRUCTUR L CH NGE WITHIN THE SECTOR LE DING TO NEW OUTLOOK WITH DECENTR LISED SSEMÃ…LY OF SUÃ…SYSTEMS THEREFORE TO REL TIONSHIPS WITH SUPPLIERS TIERS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS UP TO SUPPLIERS OF COMMODITIES OR R W M TERI LS 6HIS ISSUE IS LINKED TO ONE THE FOLLOWING TOPIC CLUSTERS CH PTER WHICH REPRESENTS THE CONSEQUENT PERSPECTIVE IN THE NE R FUTURE #LTHOUGH OFFSHORING IS SHOWING SIGNS OF GOING G INST THE TIDE E G Ã… CK SHORING IN THE 75# F VOURED DUE TO THE TENDENCY TO CRE TE CLUSTERS IT IS STILL PREDOMIN NT ND FFECTING THE MODUL R PL NNING OF PRODUCTS ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF JOINT PL TFORMS WITHIN N PPRO CH STILL Ã… SED ON M SS PRODUCTION #T NY R TE THE SUPPLY CH INS RE STILL QUITE LONG WITHIN N INDUSTRY WHERE THE SUPPLIERS PROVIDE THE OF THE FIN L V LUE 6HIS TENDENCY H S Ã…EEN COUPLED IN CONNECTION TO THE INCRE SING PRODUCT COMPLEXITY WITH THE SHIFT OF ENGINEERING SKILLS TOW RDS THE SUPPLIERS THUS T KING THE FIN L SH PE SHOWN IN THE GR PH Ã…ELOW WHICH IS Ã… SIC LLY THE S ME IN LMOST LL SUPPLY CH INS OF THE FIN L DOMIN TING COMP NIES 1'/ &ICKEN

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 81

5OURCE &ICKEN

Figure 10

The basic automobile production chain

6HE L RGE PREV LENCE OF THIS MODEL LE DS TO TWO CONSEQUENCES - 1N THE ONE H ND SUST IN Ã…ILITY Ã…ECOMES M TTER REL TED TO THE SUPPLY CH IN ND THE GREEN TOPIC Ã…EING INEXTRIC Ã…LY SSOCI TED WITH THE GREEN SUPPLY CH IN 6O THIS EFFECT DOWNSTRE M INDUSTRI L CUSTOMERS C N STIMUL TE INCRE SED SUST IN Ã…ILITY UPSTRE M LSO CCORDING TO PPROV L PROCEDURES SUCH S +51 H VING REGUL TORY FUNCTIONS S W S THE C SE WITH +51 QU LITY ST ND RDS IN THE DISSEMIN TION OF THE 6OT L 3U LITY / N GEMENT 63/ CONCEPT - 1N THE OTHER H ND SUPPLIERS RE INCRE SINGLY Ã…ECOMING THE SUPPLIERS OF COMPETENCE EMÃ…EDDED IN THE SUPPLIED P RT ND IN ITS DESIGN CONTR RY TO Ã…EING MERE SUPPLIERS OF PRODUCTION C P CITY 6HUS THE V LUE PROPOS L ND Ã…Y REFLEX THE ENGINEERING Ã…ILITY CHIEVE GRE TER IMPORT NCE ND FURTHERMORE DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT &(' SKILLS SH LL LSO Ã…ELONG TO THE SUPPLIERS° COMPETENCES E G TO 5/'S 6HE )4''0 56#4 PROPOS L PRINCIP LLY SUGGESTING TOP SUPPLIERS OR TIERS R THER TH N TO FIN L SSEMÃ…LERS ND 1'/S PPE RS TO Ã…E RESTING ON SOLID GROUND 6HIS PPRO CH MINGLES WELL WITH THE TR NSITION FROM N INDUSTRY Ã… SED LOGIC TO CLUSTER Ã… SED ONE THE TR NSITION LONG THE CH IN MOVES W Y FROM THE FOCUS ON THE 1'/°S FIN L PRODUCT ND TOW RDS N INCRE SED FOCUS ON TIER SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIC L SOLUTIONS 6HIS PROÃ… Ã…LY EXPL INS THE L CK OF SPECIFIC LITER TURE ON GREEN SKILLS FOR CLUSTERS S THESE SYSTEMS Ã…RING TOGETHER SEVER L DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIC L STRE MS WHERE S THE INDUSTRY DRIVEN LOGIC W S CH R CTERISED Ã…Y HOMOGENOUS TECHNOLOGIC L SOLUTIONS Sustainability 6HIS TOPIC H S LRE DY Ã…EEN WELL DEVELOPED IN THE PREVIOUS )6 8'6 RESE RCH CROSS REFERENCE ND IS LSO V LU Ã…LE FOR THE )4''0 56#4 2ROJECT EXCEPT FOR SPECIFIC ELEMENTS REL TED TO THE STEEL INDUSTRY 9ITHIN THIS LITER TURE REVIEW

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SUST IN Ã…ILITY IS CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR = ? #S F R S SUST IN Ã…ILITY IS CONCERNED THE Ã…OVE DEPICTED UTOMOTIVE SYSTEM R NGING FROM 1'/S TO OTHER SUPPLIERS SEE FIGURE SH RES COMMON PROÃ…LEM TIC ISSUES ND THE RELEV NT Ã… SIC SKILLS REQUIRED POLLUTION ENERGY S VING NEW ENERGY SOURCES ETC LTHOUGH THEY MUST Ã…E REL TED TO V RIOUS ND DIFFERENT CONTEXTS 5PECIFIC LLY SPE KING PRODUCTION PROCESSES SEE THE GR DU L SHIFT FROM INDIVIDU L MECH NIC L PROCESSING OPER TIONS OR OTHER Ã… SIC TECHNOLOGIES TO SIMPLE OR COMPLEX SSEMÃ…LY T SKS THIS OÃ…VIOUSLY DIFFERENTI TES ENVIRONMENT L IMPLIC TIONS OF THE DIFFERENT COMP NIES LONG THE PRODUCTION CH IN +N GENER L EVEN THE MOST CCUR TE STUDIES ON 6ECHNOLOGIC L 4O D / PPING 64/ SUGGEST TH T THE P THW Y TO SUST IN Ã…ILITY P SSES THROUGH LL THE OTHER ISSUES WITHOUT SPECIFIC EMPH SIS 6HE STRUCTURE Ã… SED ON CLUSTER INTEGR TED SUPPLY CH IN LE DS TO N SSOCI TION OF THE GREEN ISSUE TO THE WHOLE CH IN WITH NY RESULT OÃ…T INED INEVIT Ã…LY REL TED TO E CH ND EVERY PRODUCTION PH SE 6O THIS EXTENT THE Ã…OOST OF GREEN SKILLS DERIVING FROM REQUIREMENTS SET IN THE TECHNIC L SPECIFIC TIONS OF COMPONENT OR PROCESSING ORIGIN TING FROM FIN L 1'/S TO UPSTRE M SUPPLIERS PPE RS TO Ã…E OF FUND MENT L IMPORT NCE WHICH IS S IT W S FOR 63/ IN REGUL TORY TERMS #S CH PTER PRESENTED KEY INTERPRET TION OF THE GREEN TOPICS IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR N MELY THE .%# MODEL EL Ã…OR TED FURTHER IN CH PTER ND ND THE REL TION TO THE SUPPLY CH IN THE FOLLOWING T Ã…LE FROM 0UNES SUMM RISES THE MOST POPUL R GREEN PR CTICES PPLIED IN THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 83

Green operations practices )REEN Ã…UILDING

'CO DESIGN DESIGN ENVIRONMENT

)REEN CH IN

Activities of the operations functions 2RODUCTION C P CITY PL NNING

Objectives

'NH NCE ENVIRONMENT L PERFORM NCE DURING CONSTRUCTION ND OPER TION OF N INDUSTRI L PL NT CONSIDERING SUST IN Ã…ILITY OF THE PRODUCTION SITE W TER ND ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESOURCE ND M TERI LS USE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT L QU LITY ND INNOV TION ND DESIGN PROCESS

OR FOR

2RODUCT ND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

%ONSIDER THE PRODUCT°S LIFE CYCLE IN ORDER TO DESIGN MORE ENVIRONMENT LLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS ND USE ENVIRONMENT LLY SOUND PROCESSES

SUPPLY

5UPPLIER REL TIONSHIP ND IN Ã…OUND ND OUT Ã…OUND LOGISTICS

+NCORPOR TE ENVIRONMENT L CRITERI ND CONCERNS INTO ORG NIS TION L PURCH SING DECISIONS ND LONG TERM REL TIONSHIP WITH SUPPLIERS

/ NUF CTURING PRODUCTION

+NCORPOR TE ENVIRONMENT L CRITERI ND CONCERNS INTO ORG NIS TION L PURCH SING DECISIONS ND LONG TERM REL TIONSHIP WITH SUPPLIERS

5UPPLIER REL TIONSHIP LOGISTICS ND FTER S LES

2L N IMPLEMENT ND CONTROL Ã… CKW RD FLOWS DURING PROCESS ND FTER USE OF FINISHED GOODS M INLY TO END OF LIFE PRODUCTS

)REEN M NUF CTURING

4EVERSE LOGISTICS

+NNOV TION

#LL CTIVITIES ND +MPROVE GOODS ND SERVICES ND Ã…EYOND OPER TIONS INCRE SE PROFIT Ã…ILITY INCLUDING Ã…USINESS MODEL DESIGNS 'XCERPT FROM 0UNES $ $ENNETT & 2 GES

Table 9 The most popular green practices applied in the automotive industry

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6HE DOCUMENT = ? IS N IMPORT NT INSTITUTION L P PER FOR POSSIÃ…LE LINKS WHEN LOOKING FROM CROSS SECTOR POINT OF VIEW +N DIFFERENT PPRO CH TO Ã…E CONSIDERED IT IS HIGHLIGHTED HOW TO RE USE THE COMPETENCES DEVELOPED Ã…Y THE HUM N RESOURCES TH T H VE Ã…EEN WORKING IN UTOMOTIVE SECTORS ND CONVERTING THEM INTO GREEN JOÃ…S %H PTER MENTIONED THE REL TIONSHIP Ã…ETWEEN GREEN ND UTOMOTIVE THROUGH THE GREEN SUPPLY CH IN MODEL 6HIS TOPIC IS LSO DEVELOPED Ã…Y UTHORS OF P PERS WITHIN THE REVIEW = ? 6HE UTHORS SSUME TH T IT IS NOT POSSIÃ…LE TO Ã…ECOME ±INDIVIDU LLY² GREEN 6HE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY FE TURED Ã…Y HIGH R TE OF SUPPLIERS C N COPE WITH THE GREEN CH LLENGE Ã…Y INVOLVING THE WHOLE SUPPLY CH IN ND THE SUÃ… SUPPLY CH INS LSO TO DOPT ND IMPLEMENT THE REL TED REGUL TIONS ND ST ND RDS I E +51 Skills /ORE TH N ONE MILLION SE RCH RESULTS RE OÃ…T INED IN D T Ã… SES FOR THIS SINGLE KEYWORD PROVING TH T THIS ISSUE H S Ã…EEN ND IS CURRENTLY TOPIC OF STUDY ND PR CTIC L IMPLEMENT TION T COMP NY LEVEL Ã…OTH REGION LLY ND SOMETIMES N TION LLY LSO IN TERMS OF INDIVIDU L COMPETENCE CERTIFIC TION *OWEVER N RROWER SE RCH COMÃ…INING THE TERM ¯SKILLS° WITH OTHER KEYWORDS REDUCES THE POOL OF RESULTS DR M TIC LLY 6HIS GIVES EVIDENCE OF ±HISTORIC² FIELD OF RESE RCH WHICH HOWEVER ON ITS OWN IS MERE ST RTING POINT 6HE V IL Ã…ILITY OF SUGGESTIONS ND CLUES FOR N LYSIS CONCERNING MORE SPECIFIC SKILLS FOR GREEN HOWEVER IS MUCH MORE RESTR INED 4EFERENCES C N Ã…E FOUND IN THE WIDE INSTITUTION L INDEX ON THE Ã…RO DER ISSUE ±0EW SKILLS FOR NEW GREEN JOÃ…S² SEE LSO )6 8'6 PROJECT %'&'(12 ND +.1 REPORTS = ? 6HESE RE Ã… SIC ND GENER L REPORTS Ã… SED ON COUNTRY STUDIES 6HE DOCUMENT ¾5KILLS FOR GREEN JOÃ…S ¢ 'UROPE N 5YNTHESIS 4EPORT± %'&'(12 IS REL TED TO WELL KNOWN CL SSIC REPORT P RT OF THE '7 1'%& INSTITUTION L LITER TURE REVIEW ON GREEN ISSUES EDITED Ã…Y %'&'(12 ±(UTURE SKILL NEEDS FOR THE GREEN ECONOMY² TH T QUOTE = ? S FOR REFERENCE 6HIS REPORT H S Ã…EEN LRE DY QUOTED IN THE PREVIOUS )6 8'6 PROJECT +T IS MORE GENER L P PER COMPLETE RE DING WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 2 RTICUL RLY INTERESTING IS THE DISTINCTION Ã…ETWEEN ±)REENING EXISTING OCCUP TIONS² ND ±0EW GREEN COLL R OCCUP TIONS² SEE LSO THE GREEN OCCUP TION ND SKILLS DEFINITION IN CH PTER # PREVIOUSLY SUÃ…MITTED RESE RCH = ? SUGGESTS THE IDENTIFIC TION OF SKILLS FOR GREEN UTOMOTIVE ON V RIOUS HIER RCHIC L LEVELS CCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING SCHEME

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 85

'X MPLE 3U LIFIC TIONS 5KILLS FOR .IFE Ã… SIC LITER CY ND NUMER CY #PPRENTICESHIPS ¢ T OPER TOR ND SEMI SKILLED LEVEL $USINESS IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES .E N #DV NCED #PPRENTICESHIPS ¢ T CR FT ND TECHNICI N LEVEL

'X MPLE JOÃ… ROLES .EVEL =FEW JOÃ… ROLES IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR RE T LEVEL ? /ECH NIC L / INTEN NCE (ITTER .EVEL /ET L WORKING ND M CHINE OPER TIVES 3U LITY CONTROL Ã… TCH WORK / NUF CTURING 2ROCESS 1PER TOR / INTEN NCE 1PER TOR / TERI LS * NDLER .EVEL 6OOLM KER %OMPOSITE TECHNICI N 'LECTRIC L M INTEN NCE TECHNICI N TECHNIC L SUPPORT ENGINEER 'LECTRIC L DESIGN ENGINEER MOTORSPORT TECHNICI N 'NGINEERING PROJECT M N GER / NUF CTURING 5ENIOR 6ECHNICI N .EVEL *IGHER #PPRENTICESHIPS 5ENIOR %ONTROLS 6ECHNICI N $ CHELORS° &EGREE /ECH NIC L 6ESTING 5ENIOR *0&S *0%S 'LECTRONICS 2RODUCTION 6ECHNICI N (OUND TION &EGREES #UTOMOTIVE 5ENIOR 6ECHNICI N 'XCERPT FROM = ? 5OURCE 5EMT #PPRENTICESHIP FR MEWORKS RELEV NT TO C REERS IN UTOMOTIVE

Table 10 Qualifications and job roles by level (related to the UK NQF) *UM N RESOURCES RE OFTEN IDENTIFIED IN LITER TURE S CRITIC L *OWEVER THIS CRITIC LITY MOSTLY CONCERNS FUTURE OCCUP TION L TRENDS R THER TH N THE CRITIC L GREEN SKILLS NEEDED # 7- C SE N LYSES TECHNIC L SKILLS SHORT GES ND HOW TO MOTIV TE ND TTR CT YOUNG PEOPLE TO ENTER THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR WHICH DOES NOT SEEM TO Ã…E TTR CTIVE FOR THEM +N P PER = ? Ã…Y THE 05&% OF +NDI THE NEED FOR NEW SKILLS TO GREEN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR IS POINTED OUT 6HIS RESE RCH P PER IS PROÃ… Ã…LY THE CLOSEST TO OUR IMS FOR ITS HIGHLIGHTS ON M PPING THE COMPETENCES NEEDS 6HE P PER ST TES TH T ±*UM N RESOURCES² RE ONE OF THE CRITIC L SPECTS ND LSO UNDERLINES TRENDS ON THE COMPETENCE NEEDS WHICH COULD Ã…E REL TED TO EVERY TYPE OF 8'6 RE IN Ã…RO D TERMS 6HESE TRENDS INCLUDE INCRE SED ELECTRONIC CONTENT COMPLIC TED ENGINE DESIGNS PL STICS EMERGING S REPL CEMENT TO MET LS ND HYÃ…RID VEHICLES +N OTHER WORDS THE P PER EX MINES THE POSITION TH T HUM N RESOURCES H VE IN TERMS OF FUNCTIONS REL TED TO THE SUPPLY CH IN POSITION # HIER RCHIC L LEVEL N LYSIS SHOWS TH T 1'/ ND TIER FUNCTIONS DEM ND ±SKILLS REQUIRED² ND ±SKILLS G P² ON DIFFERENT HIER RCHIC L LEVELS 1N ONE H ND IT°S VERY SPECIFIC FOR WH T CONCERNS ±C R M NUF CTURERS² ON THE OTHER H ND IT°S LESS IMPORT NT SINCE IT DESCRIÃ…ES 6WO WHEEL INDUSTRI L VEHICLES DE LERS ETC

6HE 0 TION L 5KILL &EVELOPMENT %ORPOR TION 05&% IS 2UÃ…LIC 2RIV TE 2 RTNERSHIP 222 IN +NDI SET UP TO F CILIT TE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

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6HE P PER DESCRIÃ…ES M P N LYSIS FOR E CH LEVEL (OR EX MPLE THE FOLLOWING N LYSIS REG RDING N OPER TOR WORKM N (UNCTION

.EVEL 1PER TOR 9ORKM N

5KILLS REQUIRED 5KILL G PS - 5HOULD H VE Ã… SIC - 6ENDENCY TO CONSIDER ONLY THE CURRENT LITER CY N LYTIC L Ã…ILITY CTIVITY S Y TIGHTENING ND THE Ã…ILITY TO Ã…OLT Ã…EING UNDERST ND ND FOLLOW PERFORMED NO SHOP FLOOR INSTRUCTIONS UNDERST NDING OF - 5HOULD H VE RELEV NT WHERE THE CTIVITY FITS KNOWLEDGE OF WORKING OF INTO THE Ã…IG PICTURE C R SYSTEMS SUCH S TR DE WORKING OF FUEL CIRCUIT - +N DEQU TE KNOWLEDGE ND POOR FUNCTIONING OF THE PPLIC TION OF THE COOLING CIRCUIT ETC V IL Ã…LE TR DE - #Ã…ILITY TO OPER TE ND OR KNOWLEDGE ¢ THIS C N M INT IN Ã…OTH GENER L Ã…E TTRIÃ…UTED TO THE ND SPECI L M CHINES F CT TH T INSTITUTIONS SUCH S WHEEL NUT SUCH S +6+S DO NOT TIGHTENING M CHINE FUEL TE CH SUCH SKILLS ND COOL NT FILLING SPECIFIC TO THE M CHINES FLEXIÃ…LE #UTOMOTIVE +NDUSTRY M NUF CTURING SYSTEMS

'XCERPT FROM = ?

Table 11 Skill requirements and skill gaps common to auto OEMs and large tier 1 suppliers #NOTHER RECOMMENDED RESE RCH STUDY ON SKILLS FOR UTOMOTIVE H S Ã…EEN CONDUCTED Ã…Y $EVIS = ? 6HIS RTICLE IS ONE OF THE MOST REL TED ONES TO THE )4''0 56#4 POINT OF VIEW S IT IS SUCCINCT ND E SILY RE D EVEN THOUGH IT IS LESS ORIENTED TO THE SUST IN Ã…ILITY THEME +T INTRODUCES THE 7-°S 0 TION L 8OC TION L 3U LIFIC TION 083 SYSTEM FOR LEVELS ND Ã…Y SUGGESTING THE FOLLOWING STEPS &ETERMINE THE LEVEL OF PROVISION OF SKILLS DEVELOPMENT MONGST Ã…OTH THE PRIV TE ND PUÃ…LIC PROVIDERS ND THE DRIVERS FOR TH T PROVISION &ETERMINE DECL RED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR 5/'S *ELP GUIDE N TION L POLICY ON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE #UTOMOTIVE +NDUSTRY°S 5/' COMMUNITY 2ROPOSE TR INING MODEL TH T SUPPORTS SUST IN Ã…LE DEVELOPMENT FOR 5/'S IN DDITION TO QUOTING G IN THE CH R CTERISTICS OF 083 LEVELS TO M KE THEM RE DILY V IL Ã…LE FOR EVERYÃ…ODY

6HE P PER H D DIFFERENT REVISIONS (OR OUR IMS ONLY THE FIRST DR FT WILL Ã…E CONSIDERED

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 87

# FULL RR Y OF ELEMENT L MODULES OF THE 0 TION L 8OC TION L 3U LIFIC TION 083 PROGR MME ENTITLED ±$USINESS +MPROVEMENT 6ECHNIQUES² IS SET OUT IN THE FIGURE ÅELOW

'XCERPT FROM $EVIS P

Table 12 Business improvement techniques process pathway 6HIS RTICLE CLE RLY DESCRIÅES THE 083 LEVEL FE TURES $OTH )6 8'6 ND )4''0 56#4 REFER LSO TO FOUR LEVELS VERY SIMIL R TO THE $RITISH SYSTEM ND TO THE WELL KNOWN .EICH REPORT 4EPORT = ? IS N EX MPLE OF HOW TO PRODUCE COMPETENCE Å SED CURRICULUM WITHIN THE UTO TECHNOLOGY 6HE FIN L EX MPLE IS REL TED TO THE UNDERGR DU TE LEVEL ND COULD ÅE OF RELEV NCE FOR GREEN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT S WELL S SUMM RISED IN THE FOLLOWING FIGURE ND T ÅLE

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Excerpt from Weerayute Sudsomboon, 2007 Figure 11

Concept of Competency

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 89

Knowledge and understanding -NOWLEDGE OF Ã… SIC ENGINEERING ND FUND MENT L OF UTOMOTIVE MECH NICS -NOWLEDGE OF CHOSEN FIELD OF UTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS )OOD UNDERST NDING TO UTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS )OOD UNDERST NDING TO EXPLORE THE DOCUMENT FIX M NU L DV NCED TOOLS FOR INSPECTION ND GUIDELINE TO SOLVE PROÃ…LEMS )OOD UNDERST NDING TO PPLIED ENGINEERING PR CTICE #PPRECI TE RELEV NCE TO OTHER FIELDS -NOWLEDGE REQUIRES STUDENTS TO ENG GE IN COMPLEX THINKING ND RE SONING PROCESSES S THEY COMPLETE LONG TERM ME NINGFUL T SKS

Skills

Attitudes

#Ã…ILITY TO PPLY THE KNOWLEDGE #Ã…ILITY TO COMMUNIC TION SKILLS Ã…OTH OR L ND WRITTEN IN 6H I 'NGLISH ND UNIVERS L L NGU GE #Ã…ILITY TO Ã…R IN Ã… SED EDUC TION 2OSSESS PROÃ…LEM SOLVING SKILLS 5KILLS ON CRITIC L THINKING CRE TIVE THINKING ND SELF REGUL TED THINKING 5YSTEM THINKING #D PT Ã…ILITY * VE S FETY M N GEMENT Ã…ILITY 2OSSESS TECHNIC L SKILLS

'THICS MOR L ND C RE FULL 6H I CULTURE 2ROFESSION LISM ROLE &ESIRE FOR LIFE LONG LE RNING 1PENNESS TO NEW IDE S 2OSITIVE TTITUDES +NVOLVED WITH COMMUNITY %ONSCIOUS IN ENERGY CONSERV TIVE ND S VE ENVIRONMENT L * VE DISCIPLINE ITSELF

'XCERPT FROM = ? 5UDSOMÃ…OON 9 PP Table 13 Competencies framework of automotive technology subjects on attributes competencies Clusters *IGH TTENTION H S Ã…EEN GIVEN TO THE CLUSTER TOPIC LSO S SINGLE KEYWORD Ã…Y DEVOTING SIX REPORTS ON THIS ISSUE = ? 6HIS INCRE SED FOCUS OF TTENTION FINDS ITS EXPL N TION IN THE CH NGE OF PERSPECTIVE COMP RED TO THE PREVIOUS )6 8'6 PROJECT Ã… SED ON ONE SECTOR ND LSO Ã…EC USE THE RELEV NT LITER TURE IS RECENT ND OF DIFFERENT N TURE /OREOVER OVERL PPING ND MÃ…IGUITY REM IN NOT ONLY FROM SEM NTIC POINT OF VIEW Ã…UT LSO REL TED TO ITS PR CTIC L ME NING WITH RESPECT TO TR DITION L INDUSTRI L GGREG TIONS IN TERRITORY E G INDUSTRI L DISTRICTS IN +T LY ND NETWORK Ã… SED STRUCTURES IN GENER L 2ORTER°S DEFINITION OF CLUSTERS S ±GEOGR PHIC LLY PROXIM TE GROUPS OF INTERCONNECTED COMP NIES ND SSOCI TED INSTITUTIONS IN P RTICUL R FIELD LINKED Ã…Y COMMON LITIES ND COMPLEMENT RITIES² H D STRONG INFLUENCE ND WERE SUÃ…SEQUENTLY FURTHER DEVELOPED Ã…Y HIS COLLE GUE % -ETELS INSPIRING THE

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±)REEN Ã…OOK ON CLUSTERS² IN ITS V RIOUS EDITIONS = ? 5EVER L Ã…OOKS FOLLOWED THE $LUEÃ…OOK IN THE 4EDÃ…OOK IN THE 1R NGE Ã…OOK IN N LYSING 5WEDISH %LUSTERS (IN LLY THE S ME UTHORS PUÃ…LISHED THE )REEN Ã…OOK 6HE Ã…OOKS PROPOSE SEVER L EX MPLES FROM NUMÃ…ER OF COUNTRIES ND FOCUS THE CLUSTERS° OÃ…JECTIVES THEIR N TURE ND THEIR COMPETITIVENESS POTENTI L +T CLE RLY Ã…RINGS TO LIGHT TH T THE SCOPE OF OÃ…JECTIVES ND CTIVITIES OF CLUSTER INITI TIVES L RGELY DIFFERS 4 THER TH N FOCUS ONLY ON CLUSTER°S CONCEPT THE UTHORS EXPLORE ITS CTIVITIES MOSTLY SIMIL R TO TECHNOLOGIC L TR NSFER SERVICES DISTRICT OR SECTOR TR INING #C DEMIES INFR STRUCTURES ND LOGISTIC SERVICES 9ITHIN SUCH PPRO CH THE CLUSTER IS CONSIDERED S N EVOLUTION OF DISTRICTS PROVIDING HIGH V LUE SERVICES TO ITS MEMÃ…ERS 6HE PPRO CH Ã…EC ME WIDESPRE D ND THE 1'%& DOPTED IT S FORM L DEFINITION /†HRING ±%LUSTERING² REFERS TO LOC L CONCENTR TIONS OF HORIZONT LLY OR VERTIC LLY LINKED FIRMS TH T SPECI LISE IN REL TED LINES OF Ã…USINESS TOGETHER WITH SUPPORTING ORG NIS TIONS THOUGH DEFINITIONS S TO WH T EX CTLY CONSTITUTES CLUSTER V RY GRE TLY 6HERE IS DISTINCTION Ã…ETWEEN CLUSTER TH T IS PREDOMIN NTLY VERTIC L REPRESENTING ST GES LONG SUPPLY CH IN ND ONE TH T IS PREDOMIN NTLY HORIZONT L CONSISTING PRIM RILY OF RIV LS ND COMPETITORS +N THE INITI L STUDIES D TING Ã… CK TO THE S CLUSTERS RESEMÃ…LED DISTRICTS VERY MUCH ND M NY TR DITION L DISTRICTS SUCH S EYEWE R IN $ELLUNO +T LY WERE QUOTED S EX MPLES OF CLUSTERS 6HE FOCUS OF TTENTION W S ON THE COMPETITIVE DIMENSION S CLUSTERS WERE SEEN S COMPETITIVE F CTOR IN ORDER TO Ã…OOST COMPETITIVENESS T COMP NY LEVEL ND WITHIN REGION LSO Ã…Y INVOLVING THE RELEV NT TERRITORI L UTHORITIES 6HIS H D STRONG IMP CT ON THE LITER TURE ND ON THE CLUSTERING PROJECTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES SUCH S THOSE IN ' STERN 'UROPE SO CLUSTERS H VE GR DU LLY Ã…ECOME THE RESULT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES IMED T SUPPORTING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORY WHICH IN TURN SUPPORTS FIRMS ND INSTITUTIONS %LUSTER IS NEW CONSTRUCT FOR LOC L ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6HE LITER TURE GREES = ? TH T THE MEMÃ…ERS OF CLUSTER SH RE FOUR CRITIC L CH R CTERISTICS - Proximity 6HEY NEED TO Ã…E SUFFICIENTLY CLOSE IN SP CE TO LLOW NY POSITIVE SPILL OVERS ND THE SH RING OF COMMON RESOURCES TO OCCUR - Linkages: 6HEIR CTIVITIES NEED TO SH RE COMMON GO L FOR EX MPLE FIN L M RKET DEM ND TO Ã…E Ã…LE TO PROFIT FROM PROXIMITY ND INTER CTION - Interactions $EING CLOSE ND WORKING ON REL TED ISSUES IS NOT ENOUGH ¢ FOR POSITIVE CLUSTER EFFECTS TO OCCUR SOME LEVEL OF CTIVE INTER CTION H S TO Ã…E PRESENT - Critical mass (IN LLY THERE NEED TO Ã…E SUFFICIENT NUMÃ…ER OF P RTICIP NTS PRESENT FOR THE INTER CTIONS TO H VE ME NINGFUL IMP CT ON COMP NIES° PERFORM NCE 7NDERST NDING THE IMPORT NCE OF THESE FOUR DIMENSIONS IS MUCH MORE RELEV NT TH N DEFINING SPECIFIC Ã…ENCHM RKS TH T GROUP OF FIRMS ND INSTITUTIONS H S TO MEET TO Ã…E C LLED CLUSTER 1THER UTHORS REFERRED TO CLUSTERS WITHIN THE NON DECL RED LOGIC OF THE 6RIPLE *ELIX = ? ±%LUSTER =»? OFFERS NEW ROLES FOR Ã…USINESS GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

2UÃ…LIC TIONS C N Ã…E DOWNLO DED FROM THE WEÃ…SITE MENTIONED IN REFERENCE [ ]

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 91

ND NEW W YS FOR INSTITUTION L REL TIONSHIPS Ã…OTH IN DV NCED ND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES² 6HIS L TTER PERSPECTIVE SEEMS TO Ã…E THE MOST SUIT Ã…LE ONE E G THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTERS IN N RE WHERE NO LE DING FIRMS H VE T KEN ROOT YET Ã…UT WHERE THE LOC L GOVERNMENT H S N INTEREST IN DEVELOPING STRONG FUNDING POLICIES 6HE FORM L STRUCTURE OF CLUSTERS SEEMS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF FINDING Ã…USINESS MODEL FOR 5/'S ND THIS SEEMS TO Ã…ETTER REFLECT OUR POINT OF VIEW IN )4''0 56#4 5/'S WERE INITI LLY ENCOUR GED TO Ã…ECOME SUPPLIERS OF PRODUCTION C P CITY T THE TIME OF THE DECENTR LIS TION OF PRODUCTION +N THE PERIOD OF M SS PRODUCTION THEY WENT THROUGH DELOC LIS TION ND WERE THEN SIGNIFIC NTLY REDUCED IN C P CITY Ã…Y THE COMPETITION OF LOW COST COUNTRIES ,OINING GGREG TIONS LLOW THEM TO GO UP G IN IN THE V LUE CH IN E G Ã…Y ME NS OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SUCH S /61 ND '61 ND IS ONE OF THE FEW OPPORTUNITIES NOT ONLY TO PRESERVE Ã…UT LSO TO DEVELOP THEIR STORE OF COMPETENCE #NOTHER LTERN TIVE WHICH C N Ã…E SSOCI TED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF Ã…RO DER TERRITORI L CLUSTERS IS THE DIVERSIFIC TION CCORDING TO PRODUCT SIMIL R SECTORS WITH COMPETENCE Ã… SED STR TEGIES NOT Ã…OUND TO THE INDUSTRI L SECTOR $Y W Y OF EX MPLE LET US THINK OF COMP NIES SPECI LISED IN SURF CE CO TING SPECI L WELDING PROCESSES OR MICROMECH NICS R NGING FROM EYEWE R DECLINING SECTOR FOR SUÃ… TIER SUPPLIERS TO LOW COST JEWELLERY ND ELECTRO MEDIC L DEVICES E G STILL THRIVING SECTORS WITH GOOD PROSPECTS FOR TECHNOLOGIC L DEVELOPMENT ND INTERN TION LIS TION 6HE Ã…ILITY TO ±G THER STRENGTHS² HOWEVER H S NOT Ã…EEN E SY ND OÃ…VIOUS WITHIN LOC L ENTREPRENEURI L CONTEXT THEREFORE IT MUST Ã…E STIMUL TED STRENGTHENED ND PROÃ… Ã…LY SUPPORTED Ã…Y CENTR L PUÃ…LIC ND PRIV TE ST KEHOLDERS 6HIS NECESS RILY ND POSITIVELY LE DS TO THE NEED FOR ±CONTROL ROOM² OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENCIES DEVOTED TO RE CHING THIS T RGET ND OF CONSISTENT REGION L INDUSTRI L PL NS STRONGLY SUPPORTED IN THE MEDIUM TERM R THER TH N WITH OCC SION L PIECEME L INTERVENTIONS #S LRE DY MENTIONED T THE Ã…EGINNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTERS IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR = ? IS LSO CONNECTED WITH THE TR NSFORM TION OF THIS SECTOR IN THE STRUCTURE L YOUT ND LOC TION OF ITS SUPPLY CH INS ESPECI LLY WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW COMPETITIVE TRENDS TOW RDS SH RED TOP SUPPLIERS SUÃ… SSEMÃ…LERS TIER 6HUS ±CLUSTERS REGION L CONCENTR TIONS OF SPECI LISED COMP NIES ND INSTITUTIONS LINKED THROUGH MULTIPLE LINK GES ND SPILL OVERS PROVIDE N ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE TO INNOV TION 6HEY EN Ã…LE ¯OPEN INNOV TION° THE CRE TION ND REFINEMENT OF NEW IDE S IN NETWORKS OF COOPER TING COMP NIES ND INSTITUTIONS #ND THEY LOWER THE Ã… RRIERS FOR TR NSFORMING NEW IDE S INTO Ã…USINESSES ² 'NRIGHT +DE S Ã…OUT CLUSTERS THEIR N TURE ROLES ND CONTENTS RE STILL DIVERSIFIED = ? 6HE S ME PPLIES TO THE DIFFERENCES Ã…ETWEEN CLUSTERS ND DISTRICTS ND CLUSTERS ND INDUSTRIES = ?

/61 / KE TO 1RDER IS M NUF CTURING PROCESS IN WHICH M NUF CTURING ST RTS ONLY FTER CUSTOMER S ORDER IS RECEIVED 5T RTING WITH DEVELOPMENT DESIGNING IS '61 'NGINEER 6O 1RDER

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+T C N Ã…E USEFUL IN ORDER TO CL RIFY THE ME NINGS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTIONS TO ST RT FROM THE CL SSIC MODELS OF TERRITORI L INNOV TION ±9H T DISTINGUISHES CLUSTERS FROM THESE OTHER MODELS H S NOT Ã…EEN CLE RLY DEFINED ND CONTINUES S SOURCE OF CONFUSION MONG SCHOL RS ND PR CTITIONERS +NDEED THESE CONCEPTS CLUSTERS INDUSTRI L DISTRICTS INNOV TIVE MILIEU ND TECHNOLOGY DISTRICTS RE OFTEN USED LMOST INTERCH NGE Ã…LY DESPITE H VING ORIGINS IN DIFFERENT CONCEPTU L CONTEXTS .IKE CLUSTERS OTHER ±TERRITORI L INNOV TION MODELS² RE REGION L GGLOMER TIONS OF FIRMS TH T PROVIDE LOC LISED INSTITUTION L DYN MICS TH T ENH NCES INNOV TION ND GROWTH IN THE REGION $EC USE THERE IS L CK OF CONCEPTU L CL RITY =»? THEY DEFINED CLUSTER S GROUP OF Ã…USINESS ENTERPRISES ND NON Ã…USINESS ORG NIS TIONS WHOSE MEMÃ…ERSHIP WITHIN THE GROUP IS N IMPORT NT ELEMENT OF E CH MEMÃ…ER FIRM°S INDIVIDU L COMPETITIVENESS ² ,OHN 2OUDER = ? 2ORTER°S M IN POINT ON WH T DIFFERENTI TES CLUSTERS FROM HISTORIC L INTELLECTU L NTECEDENTS ND MORE RECENT THEORIES OF GGLOMER TION IS TH T CLUSTERS COMPRISE MULTI ORG NIS TION L FORM TH T PL Y KEY ROLE IN competition ND H VE STRONG INFLUENCE ON M RKET ECONOMIES 6HEREFORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLUSTERS COULD Ã…E GENER TED , COÃ…S ND DE / N NOTING THE Ã…RO D GENER L CONCEPT OF CLUSTER REVIEWED THE RESE RCH LITER TURE ND HIGHLIGHTED SIX DIMENSIONS TH T UNDERLIE THE STRUCTURE ND CTIVITY OF GEOGR PHIC CLUSTERS OF FIRMS Horizontal: SEVER L DIRECT COMPETITORS IN THE S ME OR CLOSELY REL TED INDUSTRIES Vertical: FIRMS IN DJ CENT PH SES OF THE SUPPLY CH IN Lateral: FIRMS IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES TH T SH RE OR DR W FROM COMMON C P Ã…ILITIES OR RESOURCES Technological: FIRMS IN COLLECTION OF INDUSTRIES TH T SH RE Ã… SIC TECHNOLOGY Focal: FIRMS RE DR WN TO CENTR L ENTITY SUCH S DOMIN NT FIRM RESE RCH CENTRE OR EDUC TION L INSTITUTION Network quality: DEGREE ND PROCESSES OF INTER FIRM COOPER TION 6HE DISTINCTION Ã…ETWEEN ±TECHNOLOGY CLUSTER ND INDUSTRY CLUSTER² $RESCHI ND / LERÃ… WILL Ã…E FURTHER CONSIDERED M PPING IT ON THE SUPPLY CH IN IDENTIFYING THE REL TED Ã…O RDER IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES /OREOVER ±=»? CLUSTERS GROW IN REGIONS TH T PROVIDE SPECIFIC DV NT GES S LOC TION FOR COMP NIES° CTIVITIES IN P RTICUL R FIELD 6HEY C N EN Ã…LE LINK GES CLUSTERS RE CH THEIR FULL ECONOMIC POTENTI L IF CLUSTERS RE WELL CONNECTED TO M RKETS ND CLUSTERS ELSEWHERE ND CLUSTER P RTICIP NTS COOPER TE TO STRENGTHEN LINK GES ND LIGN DECISIONS #ND GOVERNMENT C N MOÃ…ILIZE EFFORTS WITHIN REGIONS ND CLUSTERS TO INCRE SE JOINT CTION ² 'UROP +NTERCLUSTER #G IN WITH REG RD TO DEVELOPMENT POLICIES RTICLE = ? SHOWS SOME PR CTICES 6HE P PER CONCERNS CLUSTERS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ND IT LSO DESCRIÃ…ES PR GM TIC EX MPLES Ã…Y C SE STUDIES IT SUMM RISES THE RESULTS OF 'UROPE N P RTNERSHIP PROJECTS 8+0018# ND 6HE COMPETITIVENESS +NSTITUTE 6%+ 6HE MOST INTERESTING P RT IS THE FIRST ONE REL TED TO THE ROLE ND THE RE SON FOR Ã…EING CLUSTERS +T°S LSO

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 93

INTERESTING TO CONSIDER THE N LYSIS ON PUÃ…LIC POLICIES FUNCTIONS DESCRIÃ…ED THROUGHOUT CLUSTERS 6HE QUOTED EX MPLE = ? FROM THE 9EST /IDL NDS 7- POINTS OUT THE IMPORT NCE OF CLUSTERS FOR REGION L DEVELOPMENT ND FOR NEW EMPLOYMENT POLICIES WHERE S THE EX MPLE FROM 5LOVENI IS R THER Ã… SED ON NEW TERRITORI L DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER TO TTR CT INVESTMENTS #N INTERESTING DISTINCTION 'UROP +NTER%LUSTER CIT IS SUGGESTED Ã…ETWEEN ± RE CLUSTER² ND ±POWER CLUSTER² ±5OME CLUSTERS ± RE CLUSTERS² TEND TO Ã…E GEOGR PHIC ENTITIES ECO SYSTEMS POOLS OF COMPETENCIES WHERE IN P RTICUL R RE PRODUCTIVE INTER CTIONS RISE Ã…ETWEEN THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE TRIPLE HELIX UNIVERSITIES RESE RCH ND Ã…USINESS 5UCH RE CLUSTERS WILL INCRE SINGLY TURN INTO THE REGION L NCHOR POINTS IN THE GLOÃ… LISED WORLD ND M Y EVEN CQUIRE RELOC TION DYN MICS OF THEIR OWN 6HE OTHERS TEND TO Ã…E RE L VIRTU L COMP NIES WITH FULL V LUE CH IN PROVIDED TH T THEIR M N GEMENT TE MS H VE EQUIPPED THEMSELVES WITH C P CITY FOR STR TEGIC MONITORING EN Ã…LING THEM TO CT S TRUE INTEGR TORS ND F CILIT TE THE EMERGING OF Ã…USINESS CLUSTERS MOSTLY M DE UP OF 5/'S WHICH TOGETHER WILL CT S 'UROPE N SPE RHE DS ON WORLD M RKETS 6HESE POWER CLUSTERS WILL Ã…E 'UROPE S COMMERCI L L UNCHING P DS FOR THE REST OF THE WORLD (OR SOME =»? CLUSTER IS M TTER OF OÃ…SERV TION =»? (OR OTHERS CLUSTER IS M TTER OF CTION =»? WITH THE GO L OF PROMOTING INNOV TION 6HIS M Y Ã…E REFERRED TO S POWER CLUSTER ² 'UROP +NTER%LUSTER CIT #NYW Y WH T SEEMS TO CH R CTERISE SIGNIFIC NT CLUSTERS IS THE F CT TH T THEY COMÃ…INE RESE RCH INNOV TION ND Ã…USINESS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF COLL Ã…OR TIVE KNOWLEDGE 9HEN COMP NIES FORM CLUSTERS TO EXCH NGE KNOWLEDGE E G ON NON COMPETITIVE THEMES ON Ã… SIC 8'6 SKILLS ND ON SUST IN Ã…ILITY EVERYTHING RUNS SMOOTHLY S LONG S PROCESSES RE NOT INVOLVED 6HERE RE NO PROÃ…LEMS EITHER WHEN THESE PROCESSES RE REGUL TED ON NON COMPETITIVE THEMES ON Ã… SIC 8'6 SKILLS OR ON SUST IN Ã…ILITY EVERYTHING RUNS SMOOTHLY S LONG S PROCESSES RE NOT INVOLVED 6HERE RE NO PROÃ…LEMS EITHER WHEN THESE PROCESSES RE REGUL TED THE MOST LIKELY OUTCOME WILL Ã…E THE COMPETITIVENESS TO CHIEVE GREEN L Ã…EL FIRST +N TERMS OF INNOV TION THIS PROCESS IS MOST LIKELY TO Ã…ECOME ESSENTI L Ã…EING M RKETING LEVER R THER TH N PRICE INDIC TOR #S N EX MPLE FOCUS C N Ã…E Ã…OUGHT TO THE 'CO / N GEMENT ND #UDIT 5CHEME '/#5 W RD TTR CTING FOREIGN TOURISTS IN +T LI N HOTELS +N THE CONTEXT OF COLL Ã…OR TIVE CLUSTERS THE CUSTOMER SUPPLIER REL TIONSHIP CH NGES INTO ±DEM ND DRIVEN LE RNING CH IN² CH R CTERISED S FOLLOWS %LOSER DIRECT INTER CTIONS Ã…ETWEEN SSEMÃ…LERS ND SUPPLIERS Ã… %RE TING DEM ND DRIVEN LE RNING CH INS 5UPPLIERS CITE M NY F CTORS TO EXPL IN WHY THEY H VE RECENTLY ST RTED REQUIRING Ã…ETTER EDUC TED WORKERS ND INTRODUCING MORE IN FIRM TR INING WORKERS° SKILL DEVELOPMENT THEIR INTEREST IN IMPROVING QU LITY ND DEM ND FROM CUSTOMERS C 6HE THIRD MECH NISM OF SUPPLIER UPGR DING INTER FIRM SPILL OVERS OF EMÃ…ODIED KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS M Y T KE V RIOUS FORMS (ORMER EMPLOYEES OF VEHICLE M NUF CTURERS Ã…ECOME INDEPENDENT SUPPLIERS SSEMÃ…LERS ND SUPPLIERS SH RE EMPLOYEES ND WORKERS FORMERLY TR INED T SSEMÃ…LERS MOVE TO SUPPLIER FIRM² 1K D

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&ESPITE THE V RIOUS CL SSIFIC TIONS USED IT IS OUR OPINION TH T R THER TH N FOLLOWING REPL CEMENT PPRO CH WITH CLUSTERS CONCERNING +T LI N OR / RSH LLI N INDUSTRI L DISTRICTS DEVELOPMENT L PPRO CH COULD ÅE T KEN INTO CONSIDER TION 6HIS WILL ÅE DONE WITH CLUSTERS ÅECOME THE EVOLUTION OF DISTRICTS IN THE MEDIUM LONG TERM WITHOUT CRE TING THEM LL OVER G IN ON FERTILE ÅREEDING GROUND ÅUT WITH PRE EXISTING WIDESPRE D COMPETENCIES ND LOC LIS TION ÅENEFITS +N OTHER WORDS TWO PPRO CHES CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIC L DISTRICTS C N ÅE IDENTIFIED THE FIRST PPRO CH CONCERNS THE PRESENCE OF N OLIGOPOLY OR LMOST DOMIN NT MONOPOLY E G EYEWE R SPORTS SYSTEM 6HIS TR NSITION OFTEN GOES H ND IN H ND WITH THE SHIFT FROM F MILY ENTERPRISE TO STRUCTURED CORPOR TE ONE ÅUT LSO ÅY RESORTING TO EXTERN L FUNDING 6HIS C N E SILY LE D TO ST TEMENTS REDUCING DISTRICTS TO THE CL SSIFIC TION OF F MILY ÅUSINESSES WITH LOW TECHNOLOGY ND L ÅELLING CLUSTERS S GROUPS OF ÅIGGER ENTERPRISES DISTINGUISHED ÅY HIGHER TECHNOLOGY 6HE SECOND PPRO CH PROPOSES WIDER PERSPECTIVE OFTEN WITH MORE INTEGR TED ÅUSINESS MODELS LINKED TO LONGER PRODUCTION ND SUPPLY CH INS ÅEC USE OF INTERN TION LIS TION E G LONG OR DELOC LISED CH INS THEREFORE C USING THE DIST NCING FROM THE DISTRICT E G S FOUND IN (I T #N DDITION L PPRO CH IS REL TED TO SUPPORTING ND INTEGR TING THE DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT WITH COMMON SERVICES SH RED RESOURCES RESE RCH CENTRES IMING TOW RDS N INSTITUTION LIS TION OF THE DISTRICT ITSELF IN THE EYES OF PUÅLIC INSTITUTIONS DEFINING STR TEGIC POLICIES ND FUNDING POLICIES ÅOVE LL IN CLOSE CONNECTION WITH EMPLOYMENT POLICY PERSPECTIVES ND OR TERRITORI L TR NSFORM TIONS E G 9EST /IDL NDS 5LOVENI ETC 6HIS WOULD LE D TO S Y TH T CLUSTERS RE EITHER NEW SYSTEM OR DISTRICT OR KIND OF LOC LISED NETWORK ÅEING INSTITUTION LISED 6HE LOGIC L ND F CTU L PERSPECTIVE IS THE IMPLEMENT TION OF THE 6RIPLE *ELIX /ODEL ÅY INTERSECTING PUÅLIC ND PRIV TE SYSTEMS EVEN FORM LLY WITH THE SETTING UP OF NEW GENCIES 6HE STRIVE FOR ÅUILDING DEFINITIONS ÅRINGS OVERL PPING N LYTIC L ND EVEN PECULI R CONCLUSIONS 6HUS * MDOUCH DEFINES CLUSTERS ÅY CONSIDERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK TYPES NOTWITHST NDING THE MÅIGUITY ND ÅRO D SPECTRUM CH R CTERISTIC OF THE TERM ITSELF EVENTU LLY IDENTIFYING ELEVEN DIFFERENT TYPES 0EVERTHELESS ISSUES CONCERNING CLUSTER PL NNING ND CRE TION ROUSE MORE INTEREST TH N DEFINITIONS THEMSELVES ESPECI LLY THE DV NT GE OF THIS MODEL COMP RED TO THE TR DITION L INDUSTRI L ONE P RTICUL RLY WHEN TRYING TO IDENTIFY THE NEEDS OF SKILLS FOR GREEN .ET°S TRY TO CLE RLY DISTINGUISH THE TWO MODELS

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 95

Cluster: .OC LIS TION (OCUSED ON COOPER TION .ONG TERM COLL Ã…OR TIONS %OMMON SERVICES 1VERL PPED SUPPLIER CUSTOMER COMPETENCIES 5H RED SUPPLY CH INS +NSTITUTION L KNOWLEDGE SH RING 'CONOMIES OF SCOPE 6RIPLE HELIX &EVELOPMENT SUPPORT ND FUNDING POLICIES

Industry 6R NS REGION L LONG CH INS #LSO GLOÃ… L 1'/ FOCUSED 5ECTOR WITH NETWORK REL TED TO FIN L PRODUCT TECHNOLOGIES 0EED FOR ST ND RD COMPETENCE ENCODING INTERF CE MODUL RITY #LSO IN ST ND RD COMPONENTS TO GET ECONOMIES OF SC LE THROUGH OUTSOURCING

#D PTED FROM = ?, 5T ,OHN 2OUDER

Table 14 Distinction between Cluster and Industry 7NLIKE OTHER RTICLES = ? COULD Ã…E CONSIDERED USER°S GUIDE TOOLÃ…OX FOR SETTING UP ND M N GING CLUSTER 6HIS THUS HIGHLIGHTS THE FOUND TION ND CONSTRUCTIVIST DIMENSION OF CLUSTERS G INST THE DISTRICT PHILOSOPHY Ã… SED ON GR DU L Ã…UDDING

Regional Background and Cluster Descriptions (Veneto, North-Western Romania, Basque Country) 4.2

+N THE FOLLOWING CH PTERS THE THREE INVOLVED REGIONS 8ENETO %LUJ ND $ SQUE %OUNTRY WILL Ã…E DESCRIÃ…ED S Ã… CKGROUND CLUSTER FOR THE GREEN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ND IMPROVEMENT 6HE REGION L ND CLUSTER REL TED COLL Ã…OR TION IS VERY IMPORT NT IN L YING THE GROUND FOR EFFICIENT E G NOT EVERY 5/' H S TO DEVELOPED ND TR IN GREEN SKILLS ND EFFECTIVE E G Ã…ETTER QU LITY Ã…Y COMÃ…INING RESOURCES ND H VING COMMON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT STR TEGY TR INING ON THE TR NSVERS L GREEN SKILLS

4.2.1 The Automotive Parts Industry in the North-Western Region of Romania Elisabeta Dumitrescu #N LYSIS OF THE UTOMOTIVE P RTS ND SUÃ… SSEMÃ…LIES M NUF CTURING SECTOR H S REVE LED TH T IN 0ORTH 9ESTERN 09 4OM NI THERE IS REL TIVELY SM LL NUMÃ…ER OF COMP NIES COMP NIES OPER TING IN THE FIELD 2 RTLY THESE RE FORMER ST TE OWNED COMP NIES TH T H VE D PTED TO THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS S THEY H D UNDERGONE THE PRIV TIZ TION PROCESS DURING 9HERE S THEIR PRODUCTION W S INITI LLY REPRESENTED Ã…Y WIDE R NGE OF COMPONENTS FOR V RIOUS PPLIC TIONS CURRENTLY THEY RE LMOST EXCLUSIVELY

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FOCUSED ON SUPPLYING P RTS FOR THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY #LTHOUGH THEY RE HOLDERS OF THE KNOW HOW ND H VE SECURED THEMSELVES PL CE ON THE M P OF WORLD PRODUCERS THE DOMESTIC COMP NIES RE STILL USING EQUIPMENT OF THE S TH T IS WHY THEY RE FOCUSED ON THE PROCUREMENT OF MODERN EQUIPMENT ND PROVISION OF QU LIFIED WORKFORCE 6HEY RE W RE TH T WITHST NDING THE M RKET ME NS PRIM RILY IMPROVEMENT OF ISSUES REL TING TO QU LITY ND COMPETITIVENESS THEREFORE THE COMP NIES ST RTED TO INVEST HE VILY IN THIS RE Ã…Y UPGR DING ND PROVIDING DV NCED TR INING FOR THE WORKFORCE 0EW 5/'S H VE Ã…EEN EST Ã…LISHED IN THIS SECTOR WHICH UNLIKE THE FORMER ST TE ENTERPRISES Ã…ENEFIT FROM THE MOST MODERN EQUIPMENT S THEY DJUST F R MORE E SILY TO THE NEW REQUIREMENTS 6HROUGH INVESTMENTS DESIGNED FOR INCRE SING PRODUCTIVITY ND COMPETITIVENESS THE GREEN ISSUES REL TED TO PRODUCTION H VE LSO Ã…EEN F VOURED INDIRECTLY Ã…OTH ON THE TECHNOLOGIC L ND WORKFORCE LEVEL 6HEY INVEST IN NEW LESS POLLUTING TECHNOLOGY WITH LOWER ENERGY CONSUMPTION ND PROVIDE TR INING FOR THE ST FF OPER TING THE NEW EQUIPMENT OFTEN CONDUCTED Ã…Y THE EQUIPMENT PRODUCERS THEMSELVES 6HERE RE LOT OF CH LLENGES THE 6R NSYLV NI N PRODUCERS H VE TO F CE Ã…UT THE MOST CRITIC L ONES RE THE L CK OF N DEQU TE TR INING SYSTEM TO PROVIDE SKILLED HUM N C PIT L ND THE L CK OF SSOCI TIONS TO REPRESENT ND PROMOTE THEIR INTERESTS 7NFORTUN TELY IN 4OM NI NUMÃ…ER OF F CTORS SUCH S DEINDUSTRI LIZ TION LIQUID TION OF L RGE INDUSTRI L PL TFORMS M SSIVE NUMÃ…ERS OF ST FF L YOFFS EMPLOYMENT OF FEW YOUNG WORKERS ND C LLING OFF ST TE ENTERPRISE EDUC TION CONTR CTS H VE C USED THE DECLINE OF VOC TION L EDUC TION (OR SHORT TIME VOC TION L EDUC TION H S EVEN Ã…EEN C NCELLED IN F VOR OF THE THEORETIC L EDUC TION THE EFFECT NOW D YS Ã…EING SHORT GE OF QU LIFIED ST FF +N THE 'DUC TION . W RECONSIDERED VOC TION L EDUC TION Ã…Y EN Ã…LING P RTNERSHIPS WITH PRIV TE COMP NIES WITHIN THE DU L SYSTEM SCHOOL COMP NY 7NDER THIS PROGR M SCHOOLS M Y CONCLUDE P RTNERSHIPS WITH COMP NIES TH T WOULD Ã…ECOME THE STUDENTS° FUTURE EMPLOYERS THIS CO OPER TION Ã…EING P RTICUL RLY Ã… SED ON PR CTICE 5ETTING UP ND DEVELOPING STRONG VOC TION L EDUC TION SYSTEM T ILORED TO THE ECONOMIC NEEDS ND THE L Ã…OR M RKET DEM NDS IS NOW PRIORITY IN 4OM NI 5PECI LISED ST TE Ã…ODIES RE ENTRUSTED TO C RRY OUT N OPEN DI LOGUE WITH THE EMPLOYERS° REPRESENT TIVES WITH VIEW TO CRE TING THE MOST PPROPRI TE N TION L TR INING SYSTEM (OR EX MPLE IN / RCH THE M N GEMENT OF THE -RONST DT )ERM N 8OC TION L 5CHOOL ND GROUP OF )ERM N COMP NIES IN THE COUNTRY°S CENTR L REGION & IMLER #) #*- 5CH EFFLER 4OM NI 5T R 6R NSMISSION / RQU RDT 5CH LTSYSTEME 5%5 &95 5IÃ…IU &9%6IMISO R %HRISTI NI &R EXLM IER ND %ONTINENT L DDRESSED THE 0 TION L %ENTRE FOR 8OC TION L ND 6ECHNIC L 'DUC TION &EVELOPMENT WITH PROPOS LS REG RDING VOC TION L EDUC TION 1NE OF THE PROPOS LS REFERRED TO THE ORG NIS TION OF THE VOC TION L EDUC TION IN THE DU L SYSTEM +N THE CONTEXT CRE TED Ã…Y THE 'UROPE N 7NION GENER TOR OF LOW C RÃ…ON EMISSIONS FOR POLICY OF ENH NCING GREEN ECONOMY IT IS ESSENTI L TO IMPROVE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC PROFESSION L SKILLS IN THE UTO P RTS M NUF CTURING INDUSTRY 6HIS PROCESS IS LONG ONE Ã…UT IT IS Ã…SOLUTELY NECESS RY IN ORDER TO ENSURE D PT TION OF 4OM NI N COMP NIES TO THE FUTURE M RKET CONDITIONS TH T PROVIDE REGUL TIONS ND USE OF ENVIRONMENT LLY LOW IMP CT TECHNOLOGIES

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 97

%URRENTLY THE INSTITUTIONS WHERE CONST NT CONCERN IS PP RENT Ã…OUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY ND GREENING TECHNIC L SKILLS T LL LEVELS RE THE UNIVERSITIES ND SOME OTHER ORG NIS TIONS TH T PROVIDE COURSES ON GREEN ISSUES E G %LUJ%%+ IS SUCCESSFULLY DELIVERING THE COURSE FOR 'UROPE N 'NERGY / N GERS FOR LL THOSE INTERESTED IN PPLYING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ME SURES WITHIN ENTERPRISES Ã…UILDINGS TR NSPORTS ND PUÃ…LIC LIGHTING MONG OTHERS )REEN SKILLS RE INCLUDED INTO THE UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM ND RE PROVIDING THE STUDENTS WITH THE Ã…ILITY OF INCORPOR TING SUST IN Ã…ILITY T LL ORG NIS TION LEVELS (UTURE CCOUNT NTS M Y TTEND COURSES FOR C LCUL TING THE COMP NY°S C RÃ…ON FOOTPRINT THOSE FROM M RKETING GET KNOWLEDGE FOR GREEN M RKETING SO TH T N ENTERPRISE ST TEMENTS CL IMING SUST IN Ã…ILITY M Y Ã…E PROVEN WHERE S FUTURE M N GERS LE RN HOW TO INCORPOR TE SUST IN Ã…ILITY INTO THE COMP NY STR TEGY %ONSIDERING TH T WIDE P RT OF THE CTIVE L Ã…OUR FORCE IS FORMED OF SKILLED WORKERS THE NEED FOR CONTINUING TR INING THROUGH SKILLS CQUISITION H S Ã…ECOME OÃ…VIOUS IN ORDER TO EN Ã…LE D PT TION ND SUCCESS OF DOMESTIC COMP NIES UNDER THE CIRCUMST NCES OF GLOÃ… LIS TION #NOTHER ISSUE TH T INFLUENCES THE CTIVITY OF UTO P RTS M NUF CTURERS IN THE 09 REGION OF 4OM NI IS THE L CK OF COHESION MONG MEMÃ…ERS OF THE S ME SECTOR &EVELOPMENTS RECORDED IN THE FIELD IN RECENT YE RS ND COMPETITION FROM FOREIGN COMP NIES H S M DE 4OM NI N PRODUCERS W RE OF THE Ã…ENEFITS GR NTED THROUGH CLOSE COOPER TION THE USE OF COMMON PL TFORM WITH COMPETITORS ND EXTENDING THE NETWORKING PORTFOLIO Ã…Y INCLUDING TECHNOLOGY ND TELECOMMUNIC TIONS COMP NIES +N THE #UTOMOTIVE / NUF CTURERS #SSOCI TION OF 4OM NI #%#41/ W S EST Ã…LISHED N TION LLY Ã…RINGING TOGETHER MEMÃ…ERS WHO WERE DIFFERENT SIZED COMP NIES DE LING WITH DESIGN M NUF CTURING ND THE TR DING OF C RS M TERI LS COMPONENTS MODULES C R P RTS OR PERFORMING SERVICES REL TED TO UTO ND UTO EQUIPMENT M NUF CTURING ND M INTEN NCE 6HE 9ESTERN 4EGION W S THE FIRST RE OF THE COUNTRY WHERE THE COMP NIES PRODUCING UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY P RTS C ME TOGETHER TO FORM THE 4EGION L #761/16+8'56 CLUSTER +T W S IMED T CRE TING N ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE SUPPORT OF N UTOMOTIVE CLUSTER INITI TIVE THROUGH DEVELOPING CENTR L SERVICE PL TFORM FOR THE REGION L COMP NIES SUPPLIERS CUSTOMERS CTIVE IN THIS FIELD %ONSIDERING THE SECTOR DYN MICS ND THE CURRENT PREMISES WE M Y CONSIDER TH T EST Ã…LISHING CLUSTER SSOCI TION IN THE 09 P RT OF THE COUNTRY IS ONLY M TTER OF TIME IN WHICH CTORS OF THE UTO P RTS INDUSTRY C N Ã…ETTER CCOUNT FOR THEIR INTERESTS IN REL TION TO COMPETITORS CUSTOMERS ND ST TE Ã…ODIES

4.2.2 The Basque Cluster Policy: The Automotive Cluster ACICAE Joseba Sainz de Baranda Cluster policy 5INCE THE S IMPLEMENT TION OF CLUSTER POLICIES H S HELPED TO STRENGTHEN THE $ SQUE INDUSTRI L F Ã…RIC HIGHLY USEFUL N LYTIC L TOOL WHEN IT COMES TO

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PROVIDING COHESION TO THE COMPLEXITY OF PRODUCTION CTIVITIES ND F CILIT TING THEIR REL TIONSHIP WITH THE TERRITORY 6HE PROGRESSIVE EVOLUTION OF THE MODEL H S GIVEN RISE TO THE ÅUSINESS GROUPS TH T M KE UP THE $ SQUE CLUSTER ND PRE CLUSTER F ÅRIC PROMOTED ÅY THE +NTERN TION LIS TION 5ECTION OF THE $ SQUE )OVERNMENT &EP RTMENT OF 'CONOMIC &EVELOPMENT ND %OMPETITIVENESS &&'% ND CURRENTLY COORDIN TED ÅY THE $ SQUE $USINESS &EVELOPMENT #GENCY 524+ 6HIS IS DONE WITH TE M OF MORE TH N FIFTEEN PEOPLE RESPONSIÅLE FOR F CILIT TING ND M INT INING OPEN COMMUNIC TION IN MONITORING THEIR CTION PL NS New Management Approach +MMERSED IN PROCESS OF IMPROVEMENT SINCE THEIR FOUNDING THE EVOLUTION OF THE $ SQUE CLUSTERS H S OVER TIME SEEN THEIR M N GEMENT DIRECTED TOW RDS THE GR DU L DEVELOPMENT OF THE PYR MID OF COOPER TION IN IMPLEMENTING THEIR CTION PL NS ON THEIR STR TEGIC RE S OF OPER TION +TS GO L IS TO PROMOTE COOPER TION MONG ITS MEMÅERS WHEN DDRESSING THE STR TEGIC CH LLENGES FOR E CH CLUSTER WITH M RKED FOCUS ON M KING 5/'S STRONGER +T IS TOOL TH T CRE TES V LUE FOR ITS ENVIRONMENT S RESULT OF PUÅLIC PRIV TE COOPER TION LIGNED WITH ITS PERFORM NCE IN DEPLOYMENT OF STR TEGIC INSTITUTION L POLICIES +NDUSTRI LIS TION 2L N +NTERN TION LIS TION 2L N 5CIENCE 6ECHNOLOGY ND +NNOV TION 2L N ND 4+5 ¢ 5M RT 5PECI LIS TION MONG OTHERS Action Framework %OOPER TION CTIONS RISE FROM THE M TRIX RESULTING FROM THE LOGIC OF THE 5TR TEGIC %LUSTER 2L N ND THE 5TR TEGIC #CTION #RE S DEFINED IN THE $ SQUE )OVERNMENT ECONOMIC ND COMPETITIVENESS STR TEGY INCLUDING INTERN TION LIS TION TECHNOLOGIC L ND ÅUSINESS INNOV TION +NTERN TION LIS TION T KES PL CE ÅY - %OMP NIES CCESSING NEW GLOÅ L M RKETS ND NICHES ND THEIR INTEGR TION INTO GLOÅ L V LUE CH INS - +MPLEMENT TION OF COLL ÅOR TION INITI TIVES ND PROJECTS IN INTER CLUSTER OPPORTUNITY RE S SUCH S OFFSHORE SM RT CITIES ETC IN ORDER TO G IN CCESS TO NEW GLOÅ L M RKETS ND NICHES - 5UPPORT FOR TTR CTING CTIVITIES ND EST ÅLISHMENT OF FOREIGN COMP NIES S WELL S STR TEGIC INDUSTRI L PROJECTS TH T CONTRIÅUTE TOW RDS COMPLETING THE V LUE CH INS OF E CH CLUSTER 6ECHNOLOGIC L +NNOV TION ENCOMP SSES - +NCRE SE THE TECHNOLOGIC L ND INNOV TIVE CONTENT OF CLUSTER COMP NY PRODUCTS - #PPLY CONVERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING INTER CLUSTER COLL ÅOR TION INITI TIVES ND PROJECTS - ( CILIT TE 48%6+ $ SQUE 5CIENCE 6ECHNOLOGY ND +NNOV TION 0ETWORK COLL ÅOR TION WITH CLUSTER COMP NIES IN JOINT DEVELOPMENT ND TECHNOLOGY TR NSFER PROJECTS - +NCRE SE ENVIRONMENT L ND ENERGY SUST IN ÅILITY ÅY INCRE SING EFFICIENCY ND S VING RESOURCES IN THE CLUSTER V LUE CH IN

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 99

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+NTEGR TE DV NCED M NUF CTURING PROCESSES IN PRODUCTION TR NSFORM TION LINKS - +NCORPOR TE NEW EN ÅLING TECHNOLOGIES '+%6 $+1 0#01 SUST IN ÅLE ENERGY ND GREEN ECONOMY INTO THE PRODUCTION PROCESS ND FINISHED PRODUCTS $USINESS +NNOV TION IS FOCUSED ON - 5UPPORT THE CRE TION OF %OMPLETE #CTIVITY %H INS FROM 4 & TO M RKET - 'NCOUR GE ND SUPPORT ENTREPRENEURI L INITI TIVES IN CLUSTER COMP NIES - &IMENSIONING ND CONVERGENCE OF COMP NIES - ( CILIT TE PEOPLE P RTICIP TION IN COMP NIES - &EVELOP NEW ÅUSINESS MODELS ND CCESS NEW INTER CLUSTER OPPORTUNITY RE S ÅY COMÅINING EXISTING C P ÅILITIES ND CONVERGING TECHNOLOGIES - &EVELOP NEW SPECI LISED FIN NCI L TOOLS - #LIGN CLUSTER CTIONS WITH THE SM RT SPECI LIS TION STR TEGY - #CTIONS LINKED TO #DV NCED / NUF CTURING IN THE FIELD OF NON TECHNOLOGIC L INNOV TION INCLUDING THE IMPLEMENT TION OF '+%6 TOOLS FOR COMP NIES Background – Automotive industry 6HE $ SQUE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IS ONE OF THE MOST COMPETITIVE ND INNOV TIVE IN THE WORLD ITS ORIGIN IN LONG TR DITION OF INDUSTRY FIN NCE ND TR DE D TING Å CK TO THE TH CENTURY WHICH STILL PREV ILS +TS M N GEMENT LEVELS RE VERY DV NCED WITH HIGH DEGREE OF EFFECTIVENESS ND EFFICIENCY Basque automotive sector at a glance / IN INDUSTRI L SECTOR IN THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY 17% of the GDP OF THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY %OMP NIES PRODUCTION UNITS OUTSIDE 5P IN ÅILLION TURNOVER REPRESENTING OF THE 5P NISH COMPONENTS INDUSTRY &IRECT EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE IN COUNTRIES Export of 90% OF ITS PRODUCTION +T IS M DE UP OF COMP NIES WITH TURNOVER OF MORE TH N ÅILLION EUROS ND EMPLOYS MORE TH N PEOPLE OF WHICH RE IN THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY 6O THIS WE MUST DD THE SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF & IMLER 8ITORI WHERE IT M NUF CTURES ITS COMMERCI L VEHICLES 8ITO ND 8I NO IN DDITION TO THE SSEMÅLY LINE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRIC 8ITO 6HIS SECTOR CURRENTLY H S PRODUCTION PL NTS IN THE WORLD OF WHICH MORE TH N RE OUTSIDE 5P IN MOSTLY IN EMERGING M RKETS LIKE ' STERN 'UROPE $R ZIL /EXICO ND %HIN 6HIS INTERN TION L PRESENCE M KES IT POSSIÅLE TO CCOMP NY VEHICLE M NUF CTURERS ND FIRST TIER SUPPLIERS IN THEIR GLOÅ LIS TION PROCESS OFFERING THE HIGHEST GU R NTEES OF RIGOUR ÅECOMING STR TEGIC LLIES IN THE E RLY ST GES OF L RGE GLOÅ L PROJECTS

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/OREOVER THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY H S MORE TH N MULTIN TION L COMP NIES IN THE SECTOR WITH M JOR COMPETENCE CENTRES TH T ÅRING V LUE TO THE INDUSTRY ND ITS P RENT ORG NIS TIONS 6HE NEW #+% #UTOMOTIVE +NTELLIGENCE %ENTER ST NDS OUT S UNIQUE V LUE GENER TION CENTRE TH T IS WORKING FOR THE WHOLE INDUSTRY TO COOPER TE IN RE S SUCH S KNOWLEDGE TR INING TECHNOLOGY ND INDUSTRI L DEVELOPMENT 6HE INTEGRITY OF THE INDUSTRY COMES FROM H VING THE WHOLE V LUE CH IN IN VERY SM LL ENVIRONMENT R NGING FROM STEEL M KERS M NUF CTURERS OF C PIT L GOODS ND M CHINE TOOLS DIE M KERS ND M CHINISTS TO UNIVERSITIES RESE RCH CENTRES CONSULT NTS ENGINEERING FIRMS MONG OTHERS 6HE CRE TION OF THE UTOMOTIVE COMPONENT INDUSTRY CLUSTER #%+%#' ORIGIN TED FROM THE NEED TO MODERNISE THE SECTOR ND IMPROVE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMLY EST ÅLISHED INDUSTRI L CTIVITY IN THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY 6HIS IS IN THE FORM OF SM LL ND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES WHOSE EVOLUTION DEPENDS DIRECTLY ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE C R INDUSTRY 0OW D YS #%+%#' IS LOC TED T THE #+% ND IN H D MORE TH N P RTNERS Objectives of the ACICAE Cluster #%+%#' IS ÅUSINESS GROUP FORMED WITH THE IM OF IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS OF UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS ÅY ME NS OF JOINT ÅUSINESS CTIVITIES T N TION L ND INTERN TION L LEVEL LOOKING FOR ÅUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES WITH M NUF CTURERS ND SUPPLIERS ND PROMOTING REL TIONSHIPS ÅETWEEN $ SQUE COMP NIES S WELL S ÅETWEEN SCIENCE ND TECHNOLOGY COMP NIES ND THE $ SQUE SCIENCE ND TECHNOLOGY NETWORK +T LSO COLL ÅOR TES WITH THE $ SQUE )OVERNMENT IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF POLICIES TH T M Y FFECT COMP NIES IN THE SECTOR 6HE M IN OÅJECTIVES OF #%+%#' RE - 6O IMPROVE THE STR TEGIC VISION OF THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY – 6O PROMOTE COOPER TION ÅETWEEN P RTNER COMP NIES ON V RIOUS M TTERS – 6O PROMOTE TR INING ND THE DOPTION OF NEW DV NCED M N GEMENT MODELS – 6O INCRE SE THE LEVEL OF RESE RCH ND DEVELOPMENT PLUS INNOV TION 4 & I IN THE SECTOR ND IN COMP NIES – 6O TTR CT LOC L N TION L ND 'UROPE N PROJECTS ÅRINGING V LUE TO THE SECTOR Strategic lines 9ITH THE IM OF IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SUPPLIER COMP NIES INTEGR TED INTO THE UTOMOTIVE CLUSTER INTER CLUSTER COOPER TION IS ENCOUR GED 6O THIS END ITS STR TEGIC PL N SETS OUT THE FOLLOWING STR TEGIC LINES - +NCRE SING THE DDED V LUE OF PRODUCTS THROUGH INTENSIFIC TION IN THE INNOV TION OF PRODUCTS ND PROCESSES S WELL S THEIR MOST COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COLL ÅOR TION WITH CUSTOMERS IN THE FIELD OF 4 & I – )ROWTH IN THE SIZE OF THE COMP NIES INVOLVED IN THE V LUE CH IN S WELL S THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERN TION L COMPETENCE CENTRES TTR CTING CTIVITIES WITH HIGH DDED V LUE

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 101

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2ROMOTING THE INTERN TION LIS TION OF ÅUSINESS CTIVITIES TH T WILL M KE IT POSSIÅLE TO INCRE SE THE PRESENCE OF THE $ SQUE COMPONENTS INDUSTRY IN INTERN TION L M RKETS +N THIS SENSE WE RE LOOKING TO EST ÅLISH INTERN TION L P RTNERSHIPS ND CONNECT WITH THE KEY CENTRES IN THE SECTOR WORLDWIDE +NCRE SING THE FLEXIÅILITY OF COMP NIES THIS REDUCES RESPONSE TIMES T LL LEVELS ND EN ÅLES OPTIMUM COORDIN TION ÅETWEEN LL OF THE GENTS INVOLVED T THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE V LUE CH IN FOR R PID D PT TION TO CH NGE

Actions 6HE CLUSTERS GENER L CTIONS RE IMED T IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF QU LITY IN M N GEMENT TECHNOLOGIC L INNOV TION INTERN TION LIS TION ND THE PROMOTION OF INTER COMP NY COLL ÅOR TION 6HE WORK RE S ON WHICH #%+%#' IS FOCUSING ITS CTIVITY F LL ON FOUR STR TEGIC RE S – 6HE strategic area of knowledge management FOCUSES ON TR INING PROFESSION LS THEIR REL TIONSHIP WITH THE COMP NIES IN WHICH THEY OPER TE ND HOW THEY M N GE THEM +N DDITION THIS RE INCLUDES DV NCED M N GEMENT SYSTEMS S SOURCE OF COMPETITIVE DV NT GE TH T IS TR NSFERRED TO LL OF THE COMP NY S M IN PROCESSES – 6HE strategic area of internationalisation URGES SUPPORT FOR THE INTERN TION L PRESENCE OF COMP NIES ÅY ENCOUR GING INTER CTION ND COOPER TION ÅETWEEN COMP NIES IN THE CLUSTER IN SE RCH OF ENTRY INTO NEW M RKETS S WELL S CONSOLID TING THE EXISTING ONES ÅOTH FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF CUSTOMERS ND GEOGR PHIC RE S – 6HE strategic area of technology F VOURS PROMOTING TECHNOLOGIC L INNOV TION 6HIS RE H S PERM NENT FORUM FOR P RTICIP TION OPEN TO LL COMP NIES IN THE CLUSTER 1NE OF THE SPECIFIC PROJECTS TH T H VE ÅEEN COORDIN TED THROUGH THIS GROUP IS THE TECHNOLOGIC L M P WHICH DICT TES THE GUIDELINES TO ÅE FOLLOWED IN THE FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY ÅY SECTOR L WORKING GROUPS OR TECHNOLOGIC L PROGRESS GROUPS SHOCK ÅSORÅERS ÅR KES ETC – 6HE strategic area of monitoring FOCUSES ON PROVIDING STR TEGIC INFORM TION TO COMP NIES IN THE SECTOR +T SUPPORTS THE OTHER STR TEGIC RE S ÅY DEFINING THEIR OÅJECTIVES S WELL S SSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES ND THE FE SIÅILITY OF PROJECTS +N DDITION THE Automotive Intelligence Center (AIC) WHICH OPENED IN TR NSL TES THE VISION FOR THE SECTOR INTO RE LITY +T W S FOUNDED ÅY THE 2ROVINCI L %OUNCIL OF $IZK I THE 6OWN %OUNCIL OF #MOREÅIET 'TX NO THE 6OWN %OUNCIL OF 'RMU #%+%#' #UTOMOTIVE %LUSTER OF THE $ SQUE %OUNTRY <( .EMF RDER 68# 2IERÅURG %+' #UTOMOTIVE #M Y 6ELLERI ND /ICRODECO #+% IS CENTRE WHICH GENER TES V LUE FOR THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR Å SED ON COORDIN TING HIGHLY QU LIFIED INDIVIDU LS WITH CLE R M RKET ORIENT TION +T IS Å SED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INTEGR TING KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRI LIS TION ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ÅUSINESS 6HE OÅJECTIVES OF #+% RE

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6O GENER TE ND TTR CT INNOV TIVE PROJECTS 6O UNDERT KE SCIENTIFIC RESE RCH CTIVITIES ND TECHNOLOGIC L DEVELOPMENT 6O PROMOTE TR INING IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR T LL PROFESSION L LEVELS 6O PROMOTE THE ENDOGENOUS CRE TION OF NEW ÅUSINESS PROJECTS OF HIGH DDED V LUE IN THE SECTOR – 6O TTR CT INNOV TIVE PROJECTS #MONG THE PROJECTS IN WHICH THE #+% IS INVOLVED THERE RE 4 & I UNITS TR INING CENTRES ND INDUSTRI L DEVELOPMENT UNITS +N TOT L MORE TH N ORG NIS TIONS ND PROFESSION LS RE WORKING IN THESE F CILITIES

4.2.3 The Industrial Districts of Veneto Simonetta Mantovani, Giorgio Cester, Paolo Armellin +N +T LY SM LL ND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 5/'S EMPLOY MORE TH N OF THE WORKFORCE ND PROVIDE OF THE )ROSS &OMESTIC 2RODUCT )&2 6HESE D T UNDERLINE THE IMPORT NCE OF 5/'S ND CR FT COMP NIES IN +T LY +N ORDER TO FIND SUIT Ã…LE TOOL FOR STRENGTHENING THEIR ROLE IN DOMESTIC ND INTERN TION L M RKETS ND TO OVERCOME THE SEVERE ECONOMIC SITU TION '7 FIRST ND THEN +T LY H VE DEVELOPED ad hoc legislative instruments 6HE 8ENETO 4EGION SUPPORTS COMP NIES IN EST Ã…LISHING STRUCTURED P RTNERSHIPS 6HE Industrial districts IN 8ENETO REGUL TED Ã…Y THE 4EGION L . WS ON PRODUCTION CLUSTERS 0O OF #PRIL ND 0O OF / RCH RE PRIM RY FORM OF GGREG TION NETWORK MONG COMP NIES EST Ã…LISHED S LOC L PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SPECIFIC TERRITORY 6HE INDUSTRI L DISTRICT IN 8ENETO H S Ã…ECOME THE EXPRESSION OF THE Ã…ILITY OF COMP NY SYSTEMS ND LOC L INSTITUTIONS TO SET UP STR TEGIC PL N FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY IN CCORD NCE WITH REGION L LEGISL TION ND PROGR MMES 6HE INDUSTRI L ND H NDICR FT DISTRICTS IN 8ENETO SET UP FTER THE ND 9ORLD 9 R ND DEVELOPED IN THE WHOLE REGION UNTIL THE S IN UNIFORM ND INDEPENDENT W Y M KE PRODUCTS PPRECI TED ON THE INTERN TION L M RKETS FOR THEIR INNOV TIVE FE TURES ND QU LITY ND THEY REPRESENT SIGNIFIC NT SH RE OF 8ENETO S EXPORT 6HE CONST NTLY CH NGING ECONOMIC ND PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES THE IMPLEMENT TION OF NEW TOOLS Ã…LE TO COPE WITH THE SCEN RIOS PRESENTED Ã…Y GLOÃ… L COMPETITION IN ORDER TO SUPPORT ND Ã…OOST THE PRESENCE OF 8ENETO COMP NIES ON THE GLOÃ… L M RKET #S CONSEQUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC SITU TION IN RECENT YE RS IT W S THEREFORE NECESS RY TO M KE INNOV TIVE DECISIONS +N ORDER TO STEM THE CRISIS ND T THE S ME TIME TO Ã…OOST THE ECONOMY THE 8ENETO 4EGION REVIEWED ITS REGUL TION ON INDUSTRI L DISTRICTS TH T WERE SHOWING UNSUST IN Ã…LE CONSTR INTS THE PROJECTS WERE ONLY FOCUSED ON SPECIFIC NEEDS R THER TH N ON STR TEGIC ND Ã…RO D HORIZON ND CH R CTERISED Ã…Y TOO MUCH Ã…URE UCR CY TO COMPLY WITH 6HE DEÃ… TE Ã…ETWEEN THE 8ENETO REGION L GOVERNMENT ND THE ECONOMIC SOCI L ND C DEMIC CTORS OF THE TERRITORY LED TO THE IMPLEMENT TION OF NEW REGUL TION the Regional Law on Industrial Districts, Regional Innovative Networks and Company Networks/Partnerships (R.L. No. 13/2014) ¢ WHICH EST Ã…LISHED new and more flexible ways of aggregation for companies

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 103

IMED T WORKING ON STR TEGIC PROJECTS 6HESE CH R CTERISTICS Ã…OOST THE COMPETITIVENESS OF COMP NIES ND THEIR Ã…ILITY TO Ã…UILD WINNING DEVELOPMENTS MODELS Industrial Districts, Innovative Networks and Company Partnerships 6HE PRODUCTION DISTRICTS REGUL TED Ã…Y THE PREVIOUS REGION L LEGISL TION WERE RECOGNIZED ON THE Ã… SIS OF THE SUÃ…MISSION OF THREE YE R DEVELOPMENT P CT SIGNED Ã…Y T LE ST COMP NIES JOINING THE DISTRICT ON VOLUNT RY Ã… SIS 6HE PRODUCTION DISTRICTS DID NOT H VE Ã…OUND RY TERRITORI L DELIMIT TION THUS LL THE 8ENETO COMP NIES OF THE PRODUCTION CH IN COULD Ã…E P RT OF THEM +N THERE WERE 46 industrial districts/clusters M NY OF THEM OPER TING IN THE PROVISION OF SERVICES 6HE NEW REGION L REGUL TION 4 . W 0O IS FOCUSED ON THE PRODUCTION RE S WITH P RTICUL R EMPH SIS ON THE TR DITION ND HISTORY OF TYPIC L PRODUCTS TH T RE CONNECTED TO SPECIFIC TERRITORIES 6HE REGION L POLICY C N THUS CONCENTR TE ON SM LLER NUMÃ…ER OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WHICH RE THE M NUF CTURING EXCELLENCE OF 8ENETO ON THE GLOÃ… L M RKETS 6HE NEW L W EST Ã…LISHES NEW FORMS OF GGREG TION DIFFERENT FROM THE CONCEPT OF THE TR DITION L DISTRICT I E THE COMP NY NETWORKS INVOLVED IN MULTI SECTOR L Ã…USINESS RE NOT STRICTLY CONNECTED TO SPECIFIC TERRITORY Ã…UT H VE REL TIONS T N TION L ND INTERN TION L LEVEL 6HE NETWORKS RE M INLY INVOLVED IN RESE RCH ND INNOV TION CTIVITIES TH NKS TO SEVER L P RTNERSHIPS COLL Ã…OR TIONS WITH UNIVERSITIES ND OTHER RESE RCH INSTITUTES Ã…OTH PUÃ…LIC ND PRIV TE ONES 6HE 8ENETO REGION IS THEN CH R CTERISED Ã…Y SM LL ND VERY SM LL COMP NIES TH T NEED TO OVERCOME THEIR SIZE REL TED VULNER Ã…ILITIES Ã…Y DEVELOPING ND SH RING COMMON PROJECTS ND RESULTS 6HE %OMP NY 0ETWORKS 2 RTNERSHIPS RE THUS M DE UP OF FEW SM LL COMP NIES WORKING IN THE S ME PRODUCTION CH IN SECTOR ND DECIDING TO F CE COMMON PROÃ…LEMS TOGETHER 6HE 4EGION L . W 0O DEFINES THREE C TEGORIES +NDUSTRI L &ISTRICT %OMP NY 0ETWORK 2 RTNERSHIP 4EGION L +NNOV TIVE 0ETWORK 9HILE INDUSTRI L DISTRICTS ND COMP NY NETWORKS RE IDENTIFIED Ã…Y THE 8ENETO REGION L GOVERNMENT ON THE Ã… SIS OF CONSOLID TED RECOGNITION THE 4EGION L +NNOV TIVE 0ETWORKS RE EST Ã…LISHED ON THE Ã… SIS OF STR TEGIC PROJECTS PROPOSED Ã…Y THE NETWORK ITSELF %ONSIDERING THE FUNCTION L SPECIFICITY OF THE Ã…OVE MENTIONED C TEGORIES SOME FIN NCING TOOLS H VE Ã…EEN SET UP ND T ILORED TO DIFFERENT NEEDS IN ORDER TO CHIEVE Ã…ETTER RESULTS ND EFFICIENT USE OF FUNDS FOR M KING 8ENETO MORE COMPETITIVE T INTERN TION L LEVEL - Industrial District 6HERE RE +NDUSTRI L &ISTRICTS IN 8ENETO 6HE NEW . W 0O DEFINES N industrial district S PRODUCTION SYSTEM LOC TED WITHIN N RE IN 8ENETO CH R CTERISED Ã…Y HIGH CONCENTR TION OF CR FT ND INDUSTRI L M NUF CTURING COMP NIES WHO RE M INLY SM LL ND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 5/'S OF SPECIFIC PRODUCTION CH INS STR TEGIC SECTORS FOR THE ECONOMY OF THE 8ENETO REGION #

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PRODUCTION SYSTEM C N ÅE DEFINED S N INDUSTRI L DISTRICT WHEN IT H S THE FOLLOWING CH R CTERISTICS - CONCENTR TION OF CR FT ND INDUSTRI L M NUF CTURING COMP NIES - LOC TED IN SPECIFIC RE TERRITORY - CH R CTERISED ÅY TR DITION ND HISTORY OF TYPIC L PRODUCTS CONNECTED TO SPECIFIC TERRITORIES - COMPETITIVENESS IN THE RE OF INNOV TION ND INTERN TION LIS TION - Company Network/Partnership 6O OVERCOME THEIR SIZE REL TED VULNER ÅILITIES COMP NIES C N DEVELOP COMMON STR TEGIC PROJECT ÅY JOINING IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF GGREG TION R NGING FROM THE NETWORK CONTR CT TO THE CONSORTIUM ND THE ÅUSINESS SSOCI TIONS EVEN TEMPOR RY ONES 6HE %OMP NY 0ETWORK 2 RTNERSHIP IS THEREFORE SET OF COMP NIES TH T COME TOGETHER EVEN OCC SION LLY TO PROPOSE MORE T RGETED ND SPECIFIC PROJECTS IN ORDER TO SOLVE COMMON PROÅLEMS ND TO SH RE THE CH LLENGES OF INNOV TION 6HE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS CH R CTERISE THE %OMP NY 0ETWORK 2 RTNERSHIP - T LE ST COMP NIES TH T COME TOGETHER TO IMPLEMENT SPECIFIC PROJECT - THE COMP NIES COULD ÅELONG TO NY PRODUCTION SECTOR NOT NECESS RILY FROM THE S ME SECTOR - SUIT ÅLE TYPE OF GGREG TION NETWORK CONTR CTS CONSORTI COOPER TIVE COMP NIES OR TEMPOR RY ÅUSINESS SSOCI TIONS 9ITHIN THE COMP NY NETWORK P RTNERSHIP COMP NIES WORK TOGETHER TOW RDS COMMON OUTCOME WHILE M INT INING THEIR UTONOMY S INDIVIDU L FIRMS 6HE 5/' NETWORKS P RTNERSHIPS RE ÅLE TO RECOVER THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE 8ENETO PRODUCTS ON THE GLOÅ L M RKETS ÅY STRENGTHENING THE REGION L PRODUCTION EXCELLENCE ND SUPPORTING THE EXCH NGE OF KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS 6HIS IS DONE ÅY STRE MLINING COSTS M KING IT POSSIÅLE TO CHIEVE CRITIC L M SS WHICH IS USEFUL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOV TIONS 6HE STRUCTURE OF THE COMP NY NETWORK P RTNERSHIP IS VERY FLEXIÅLE ND LIGHT S WELL S TEMPOR RY THE TIME NECESS RY FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION ND COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT - Regional Innovative Network 6HE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS H S LED TO THE EST ÅLISHMENT OF NEW TYPES OF COMP NY NETWORKS TH T RE NOT REL TED TO SPECIFIC TERRITORY 6HE REGION L INNOV TIVE NETWORK IS N GGREG TION OF COMP NIES ND PUÅLIC ND PRIV TE CTORS COMMITTED IN IMPLEMENTING INNOV TIVE CTIONS TO DIFFERENT PRODUCTION SECTORS 6HESE CTORS RE ÅLE TO DEVELOP SET OF INITI TIVES ND PROJECTS RELEV NT TO THE REGION L ECONOMY 6HE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS RE CH R CTERISTIC OF 4EGION L +NNOV TIVE 0ETWORK - # NETWORK SPRE D CROSS THE TERRITORY EVEN ÅEYOND REGION L ND N TION L ÅORDERS - 0EW OR INNOV TIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP - 0EW OR INNOV TIVE SECTORS 6HE REGION L INNOV TIVE NETWORK ÅECOMES MORE FLEXIÅLE SUPPLY CH IN OFTEN TR NSN TION L ONE LLOWING THE SINGLE INDUSTRI L SECTOR TO MOVE TOW RDS MULTI

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 105

SECTOR L MODELS IN ORDER TO MEET DEM ND MORE EFFECTIVELY 6HE NETWORK IS REL TED TO M RKET NEED WITH SH RED VISION MONG THE CTORS TO PROVIDE CCESS TO NICHE M RKETS OR EMERGING INDUSTRIES OF STR TEGIC IMPORT NCE FOR REGION L ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT +T IS THEREFORE STR TEGIC TOOL TO SUPPORT THE 4ESE RCH ND +NNOV TION 5TR TEGY FOR 5M RT 5PECI LIS TION OF THE 8ENETO 4EGION THE M IN STR TEGY FOR REGION L DEVELOPMENT IN 6HROUGH THIS TOOL THE 8ENETO 4EGION IMS T DEVELOPING REGION L INNOV TION SYSTEMS TO Ã…E Ã…LE TO SUPPORT ND ENH NCE THE PRODUCTION RE S OF EXCELLENCE 6HE 8ENETO 4EGION H S IDENTIFIED FOUR RE S TO FOCUS ON Agrifood, Smart Manufacturing, Sustainable Living and Creativity +N THIS CONTEXT THE EST Ã…LISHMENT OF REGION L INNOV TIVE NETWORKS PL YS KEY ROLE IN THE DOPTION OF POLICIES FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE 4EGION Labour policies to sustain the Veneto production system 1VER THE YE RS THE 8ENETO REGION H S SHOWN SPECI L TTENTION TOW RDS THE IMPLEMENT TION OF SET OF T RGETED ND SYNERGY Ã… SED INTERVENTIONS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP HUM N RESOURCES IN THE M N GEMENT OF CH NGE ND INNOV TION FOR THE COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 8ENETO DISTRICTS 2ILOT CTIONS H VE Ã…EEN TESTED LE DING TO STRONGER COMPETITIVENESS OF THE 8ENETO REGION S SOCI L ECONOMIC ND EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM Ã…Y ME NS OF IMPLEMENTING METHODOLOGIES FOCUSED ON THE ENH NCEMENT OF HUM N RESOURCES ND ON THE INNOV TION OF CURRENTLY V IL Ã…LE COMPETENCE MODELS 6HIS STR TEGY M DE IT POSSIÃ…LE TO SUST IN THE PERM NENT UPGR DING OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM TO RESTRUCTURING ND INNOV TION PROCESSES WHILE M INT INING CONST NT TTENTION ON THE TERRITORY ON THE SYSTEM OF COMP NIES ND ON THE SINGLE EMPLOYEE 6HIS W S DONE Ã…Y ENH NCING MUTU L INTEGR TION ND EXCH NGE SSOCI TED WITH THE SYNCHRONOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THESE THREE F CTORS 9ORKING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUM N C PIT L IN THE 8ENETO PRODUCTION DISTRICTS OFFERS WIDER REFLECTION ON THE SIGNIFIC NCE OF ME SURES IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y THE REGION TO SUST IN EMPLOYMENT COMPETITIVENESS ND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE 8ENETO SYSTEM - Regional planning (POR-FSE) 6HE 8ENETO REGION H S DEVELOPED 5INGLE 4EGION L 2L NNING 5CHEME DEEPLY CH R CTERISED Ã…Y THE GROWTH OF ENTERPRISES CONSIDERED S THE CORNERSTONE OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEM IN ORDER TO PRESERVE JOÃ…S ND CRE TE NEW ONES 6HIS PL NNING CTIVITY WILL CONST NTLY Ã…E CH R CTERISED Ã…Y THE INVOLVEMENT OF SOCI L P RTNERS FROM WHOM N INCRE SINGLY MORE QU LIFIED CONTRIÃ…UTION WILL Ã…E REQUIRED 6HE ISSUE T ST KE CONCERNS EMPLOYMENT NOT ONLY FROM QU NTIT TIVE POINT OF VIEW Ã…UT LSO FROM QU LIT TIVE ONE 6HE DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS ND HIGHER PROFESSION LIS TION C N Ã…E CHIEVED ONLY WITHIN N EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF INITI L TR INING S WELL S OF LE RNING ND PERM NENT UPGR DING OF PROFESSION L SKILLS IN ORDER TO ENH NCE ND CONST NTLY D PT THE HUM N C PIT L TO CH NGE 6HE FOLLOWING CH LLENGING GO LS SH LL CH R CTERISE THE NEW PL NNING DEVELOPMENT SINCE ITS INITI L ST GE 2REVENT ND REDUCE LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT

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Å 5UPPORT PERM NENCE T WORK ND THE RE EMPLOYMENT OF WORKERS FFECTED ÅY REDUND NCY C +NCRE SE YOUTH EMPLOYMENT D 2ROMOTE THE P RTICIP TION OF WOMEN IN THE L ÅOUR M RKET LSO ÅY ME NS OF SUPPORTING DEM ND FOR C RE SERVICES E +NCRE SE EMPLOY ÅILITY ND P RTICIP TION IN THE L ÅOUR M RKET FOR DIS DV NT GED PEOPLE ND SEGMENTS T RISK OF SOCI L EXCLUSION 'FFORTS RE INTENDED TO ÅE CONCENTR TED ON FEW TYPES OF RECIPIENTS ENTERPRISES ENTREPRENEURS ND EMPLOYEES MEN WOMEN YOUNG PEOPLE OLDER WORKERS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE USEFUL RESOURCES ND TOOLS FOR INCRE SING THE NUMÅER OF JOÅS ND M INT INING EXISTING ONES - Youth guarantee schemes 6HE 'UROPE N %OUNCIL S RECOMMEND TION OF ND #PRIL ST TES TH T ±/EMÅER 5T TES SHOULD DEVELOP ND IMPLEMENT ;OUTH )U R NTEE SCHEMES WHEREÅY EVERY YOUNG PERSON UNDER THE GE OF YE RS RECEIVES N OFFER OF EMPLOYMENT CONTINUED EDUC TION N PPRENTICESHIP OR TR INEESHIP WITHIN FOUR MONTHS OF LE VING FORM L EDUC TION OR ÅECOMING UNEMPLOYED± 9ITH 4EGION L &ECREE 0O THE 8ENETO REGION PPROVED THE 4EGION L PL N FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF ;OUTH )U R NTEE SCHEMES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ÅETWEEN ND YE RS OF GE 6HEY DID THIS WITH THE DU L IM OF SUPPLYING CONSIDER ÅLE RESOURCES TO T CKLE THE EMPLOYMENT EMERGENCY ND OF L YING THE FOUND TIONS FOR THE EST ÅLISHMENT OF PERM NENT YOUTH GU R NTEE SCHEME 4EGION L ME SURES RE STRUCTURED CCORDING TO THE TOP PRIORITY Å SED INVOLVEMENT OF ENTERPRISES TH T MUST INVEST IN THE YOUTH IN ORDER TO INTEGR TE NEW T LENTS ND NEW KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE PRODUCTION CONTEXT THUS ENERGISING THE HUM N C PIT L WHICH IS THE RE L DRIVING FORCE OF ENTERPRISE COMPETITIVENESS - Job placement measures: The apprenticeship system in Veneto +N +T LY PPRENTICESHIP PROGR MMES H VE T KEN ON CENTR L ROLE IN THE EMPLOYMENT POLICIES ND WITHIN THE TR INING FR MEWORK THEY REPRESENT NOT ONLY PROMOTION L TOOL FOR YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ÅUT LSO STR TEGY TO INTEGR TE SCHOOL WORK ND TR INING SYSTEMS 4EGUL TED FOR THE FIRST TIME ÅY . W 0O ND THEN DEFINED ÅY THE ±6REU² . W 0O S PRIM RY TOOL TO PROMOTE YOUTH EMPLOYMENT THE 0 TION L .EGISL TIVE &ECREE 0O ±Consolidated Apprenticeship Act² DEFINED PPRENTICESHIPS S ± PERM NENT CONTR CT IMING T THE TR INING ND EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE² 6HE PPRENTICESHIP CONTR CT SHOULD ÅE THE M IN W Y FOR YOUNG PEOPLE YE RS OLD TO ÅE EMPLOYED IN THE L ÅOUR M RKET +TS CORE OÅJECTIVES RE - 6O PROVIDE YOUNG PEOPLE WITH QU LIFIC TIONS F CILIT TING THEIR CCESS TO THE L ÅOUR M RKET ND INCRE SING MOÅILITY - 6O VOID PROFESSION L SKILLS SHORT GES T CKLE SKILLS MISM TCH ND FOSTER LIFELONG LE RNING - 6O REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF UNEMPLOYMENT - 6O PROMOTE F STER ND MORE EFFICIENT SCHOOL TO WORK TR NSITIONS

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 107

- 6O SUPPORT ECONOMIC GROWTH COMPETITIVENESS ND PRODUCTIVITY 6HE 8ENETO 4EGION PPROVED THE 4EGION L . W 0O FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF THE ±Consolidated Apprenticeship Act² 5INCE THE PPRENTICESHIP CONTR CT IS THE M IN W Y FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO ÅE EMPLOYED IN THE L ÅOUR M RKET THE 8ENETO 4EGION DOPTED ÅOTTOM UP PPRO CH ÅY INVOLVING THE SOCI L P RTNERS IN SH RING THE REGION L LEG L FR MEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF THE PROVISIONS S ST TED IN THE ±Consolidated Apprenticeship Act² 6HE WORD ¯ PPRENTICESHIP° MIGHT INDIC TE V RIETY OF DIFFERENT CONCEPTS ND DIFFERENT ON THE JOÅ LE RNING MODELS CROSS 'UROPE 6HE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION IDENTIFIES THREE M IN TYPES OF WORK Å SED LE RNING MODELS #LTERN NCE SCHEMES Å SED ON THE MODEL OF THE )ERM N DU L SYSTEM 1N THE JOÅ TR INING PERIODS IN COMP NIES WITHIN THE FR MEWORK OF 8'6 SCHOOLS 9ORK Å SED LE RNING INTEGR TED IN SCHOOL Å SED PROGR MMES SUCH S SIMUL TIONS OR SPECIFIC SSIGNMENTS +N SOME '7 MEMÅER COUNTRIES N PPRENTICESHIP IS FORM OF JOÅ CONTR CT WITH SPECIFIC CH R CTERISTICS T KING INTO CONSIDER TION THE LE RNING SPECT OF THE WORKING EXPERIENCE 4EGIONS CONTRIÅUTE TO SUCH SCHEMES WITH ME SURES FUNDING ND THE COORDIN TION OF DIFFERENT CTORS Italian schemes of work-based learning 9ITHIN SCHOOL PROGR MMES LTERN NCE SCHEME FROM TO YE RS OF GE ND 7NIVERSITY PROGR MMES FROM TO YE RS OF GE C DEMIC EDUC TION ¢ DEGREE 2H& ETC /OREOVER N PPRENTICESHIP MIGHT ÅE Å SED ON JOÅ CONTR CT SCHEMES INCLUDING FORM L TR INING IT ÅEING NECESS RY TO OÅT IN 8OC TION L 3U LIFIC TION OR &IPLOM # 6R INEESHIP WHICH IS NOT REL TED TO EDUC TION PROGR MMES - FIN LISED TO LONG TERM EMPLOYMENT MONTHS - POST L URE M M X YE RS +T PPLIES TO THE FIRST JOÅ EXPERIENCE YE R OLDS PPRENTICESHIP INCLUDES FORM L ND ON THE JOÅ TR INING YE RS Apprenticeship schemes #PPRENTICESHIP TO OÅT IN FORM L EDUC TION QU LIFIC TION - 8OC TION L 3U LIFIC TION OR &IPLOM - *IGHER 'DUC TION ND 4ESE RCH - 8OC TION L PPRENTICESHIP TO OÅT IN L ÅOUR M RKET QU LIFIC TION RECOGNISED ÅY COMP NIES

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Vocational apprenticeship to obtain a labour market qualification

Apprenticeship for an educational qualification

Higher education and research

;OUNG PEOPLE Ã…ETWEEN ND YE RS OF GE OR IN C SE OF YE R VOC TION L QU LIFIC TION &UR TION YE RS .OW SKILLED OR HIGH SKILLED PROFILES COULD DECRE SE THE DUR TION TO YE RS (OR CR FTSMEN IT IS UP TO YE RS 6HE JOÃ… CONTR CT IS REGUL TED Ã…Y COMPLEX SYSTEM REFLECTING MULTIPLE INTERESTS OF - CENTR L GOVERNMENT ND N TION L SOCI L SECURITY GENCIES - COLLECTIVE GREEMENTS WITH SOCI L P RTNERS - REGION L GOVERNMENT GREEMENTS WITH LOC L SOCI L P RTNERS

YE R VOC TION L QU LIFIC TION ND DIPLOM ;OUNG PEOPLE GED Ã…ETWEEN ND WHO OÃ…T INED T LE ST THE CERTIFIC TE FROM ,UNIOR 5ECOND RY 5CHOOL YE RS &UR TION YE RS FOR VOC TION L QU LIFIC TION PLUS YE R FOR DIPLOM N TION L VOC TION L TR INING PROFILES E G CONSTRUCTION WORKER CHEF PLUMÃ…ER 4EGION L PROGR MME DUR TION HRS PER YE R HRS Ã… SIC SKILLS HRS VOC TION L SKILLS

;OUNG PEOPLE Ã…ETWEEN ND YE RS OF GE &UR TION DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF EDUC TION L PROGR MME YE RS FOR POST GR DU TE M STER DEGREE UP TO YE RS FOR DOCTOR L COLLEGE ND YE RS FOR DULT EDUC TION PROGR MMES 6HE PROGR MME MUST Ã…E JOINTLY DEFINED Ã…Y C DEMIC INSTITUTIONS REGION L UTHORITIES ND SOCI L P RTNERS M INLY EMPLOYERS 6R INING PROGR MMES RE USU LLY FOCUSED ON SKILLS NEEDS OF MEDIUM L RGE ENTERPRISES OR SPIN OFFS 4EGION L FUNDING IS DEDIC TED TO POST GR DU TE M STERS

Table 15 Apprenticeship Schemes (Italy) 8OC TION L PPRENTICESHIP IN THE 8ENETO 4EGION REQUIRES THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF CTIONS &EFINITION OF RULES FOR PPRENTICES PROTECTION ND ENTERPRISES DUTIES 6HE 4EGION /756 DEFINE ND GREE ON THE RULES WITH THE LOC L SOCI L P RTNERS 6R INING CENTRES WHICH RE DIRECTLY SPONSORED Ã…Y SOCI L P RTNERS SELECTION ND M CRO SECTOR GGREG TION &ESIGN TR INING MODULES ND THEN INCLUDE THEM IN C T LOGUE +%6 PL TFORM Ã… SED M N GEMENT SYSTEM # MONITORING SYSTEM +N THE PPRENTICESHIP CONTR CT TR INING PROGR MMES RE COMPULSORY TO CCOUNT FOR ST TE ID 6HERE RE TWO TYPES OF COMPULSORY TR INING # 8OC TION L TR INING TO CQUIRE TECHNIC L VOC TION L SKILLS IS PROVIDED Ã…Y THE COMP NY HOSTING THE PPRENTICE CCORDING TO THE N TION L COLLECTIVE L Ã…OUR GREEMENTS WHICH DEFINE ITS DUR TION ND IMPLEMENT TION 6R INING CTIVITIES RE C RRIED OUT UNDER THE RESPONSIÃ…ILITY OF THE COMP NY WHICH LSO Ã…E RS THE COSTS # TUTOR N EXPERT WORKER OF THE COMP NY SUPPORTS THE PPRENTICES

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 109

$ $ SIC CROSS SECTOR TR INING IS DESIGNED Ã…Y THE 8ENETO 4EGION CCORDING TO THE V IL Ã…LE FUNDS WITH THE IM OF PROVIDING Ã… SIC SKILLS $ SIC TR INING IS PROVIDED Ã…Y VOC TION L TR INING ORG NIZ TIONS CCREDITED Ã…Y THE 8ENETO 4EGION Basic and cross-sector training 4ECOMMEND TIONS OF THE 'UROPE N 2 RLI MENT ND OF THE %OUNCIL OF TH &ECEMÃ…ER ON KEY COMPETENCES FOR LIFELONG LE RNING '% RE OUT OF KEY COMPETENCES RE INCLUDED IN THE 8ENETO 4EGION C T LOGUE ND PROVIDE THE Ã… SIS FOR LE RNING MODULES IN THE INDUSTRY SECTOR %OMMUNIC TION IN &IGIT L .E RNING TO 5OCI L CIVIC 5ENSE OF INITI TIVE FOREIGN L NGU GES COMPETENCE LE RN COMPETENCES ENTREPRENEURSHIP 'NGLISH Ã… SIC $ SIC MODULE $ SIC MODULE $ SIC MODULE $ SIC MODULE SKILLS 'NGLISH /EDIUM /EDIUM /EDIUM /EDIUM MODULE INTERMEDI TE SKILLS MODULE MODULE MODULE +T LI N FOR FOREIGNERS )ERM N Ã… SIC SKILLS (RENCH Ã… SIC SKILLS

' CH TR INING MODULE L STS HOURS ND IT MUST Ã…E COMPLETED WITHIN ONE YE R ST RTING FROM THE D TE OF EMPLOYMENT 6HE )REEN 5T R #CTION PL N FOR #PPRENTICES DESCRIÃ…ED UNDER CH PTER W S DESIGNED WITHIN THE FR MEWORK OF THE Ã… SIC ND CROSS SECTOR TR INING FOR VOC TION L PPRENTICESHIP TO OÃ…T IN L Ã…OUR M RKET QU LIFIC TION 6HE )REEN 5T R MODULE CONTENT W S TESTED WITHIN THE /ODULE ±5OCI L ND CIVIC COMPETENCES ¢ DV NCED²

4.3 General Methodology

Framework:

Cluster

Approach

and

Gabriella Bettiol, Chiara Salatin +N THE FOLLOWING CH PTERS TWO DIMENSIONS WILL Ã…E DESCRIÃ…ED IN DET IL 6HE PPRO CH TO THE MODULE TR NSFER D PT TION ND DEVELOPMENT ND THE EV LU TION DESIGN TO UNDERST ND THE IMP CT OF THE #CTION 2L NS ND ENSURE THE QU LITY OF THE PROJECT PROCESSES ND RESULTS +T IS WORTHY TO Ã…E NOTED THE FIRST DIMENSION INVOLVED LL THOSE ST KEHOLDERS INCLUDING THE P RTNERS CONCERNED COMMITTED ND C P Ã…LE TO INFLUENCE ND IMPROVE THE COOPER TION WITHIN THE LE RNING CH IN SCHOOL PPRENTICESHIP ¢ HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION ¢ CONTINUOUS TR INING ¢ COMP NY TO FOSTER GREEN SKILLS CQUISITION ND PPLIC TION TO PRODUCTION PROCESSES

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6HE EV LU TION DESIGN Ã… SED ON THE 6HEORY OF %H NGE 61% METHODOLOGY DESCRIÃ…ED IN CH PTER W S PROPOSED Ã…Y N EXTERN L EV LU TOR ND THEN PPLIED TO E CH #CTION 2L N

4.3.1 The Development of the Training Module: A Participative Approach to Work-based Learning The challenge 6HE TR NSFER OF THE )6 8'6 Ã…LUEPRINT ND THE D PTION OF TR INING MODULES REQUIRED THREE TYPES OF TR NSFER PROCESSES - (ROM INDUSTRY STEEL TO CLUSTER UTOMOTIVE - (ROM L RGE TO SM LL ND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES - #PPLIC TION TO THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOC TION L EDUC TION ND TR INING SETTINGS WORK Ã… SED PPRENTICESHIP HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION NON TERTI RY 6HE P RTNERSHIP W S Ã…UILT IN ORDER TO MIRROR THE ST KEHOLDERS° Ã…ILITY TO SUPPORT THE PROCESS THE COMPETENCE ND KNOW HOW OF OTHER RELEV NT ST KEHOLDERS WERE INTEGR TED THROUGH DEDIC TED INTERN TION L (OCUS )ROUPS CONFERENCE T THE $ SQUE #UTOMOTIVE +NTELLIGENCE %ENTRE ND MEETINGS IN +T LY )ERM NY 4OM NI ND 5P IN $ENE TH THESE MEETINGS THE PROCESS W S GROUNDED IN LITER TURE Ã… SED N LYSIS SEE CH PTER Focus Groups +N &ORTMUND THE 6ECHNISCHE 7NIVERSIT ET ORG NISED THE FIRST (OCUS )ROUP INVOLVING THE P RTNERSHIP ND EXTERN L ST KEHOLDERS WHO TOOK P RT IN OR MONITORED THE )6 8'6 INITI TIVE SUCH S 6HYSSEN-RUPP5TEEL THE )ERM N (EDER L +NSTITUTE FOR 8OC TION L 'DUC TION ND 6R INING $+$$ 70'5%1 70'81% THE 'UROPE N 5TEEL 6ECHNOLOGY 2L TFORM '56'2 #DDITION LLY HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION INSTITUTE ±+65 /ECC TRONICO² ND THE VOC TION L TR INING COMP NY ±(OREM ² FROM +T LY P RTICIP TED S WELL $ELOW THE IMPLEMENTED SCHEME OF THE D PT TION PROCESS CONTENT METHODOLOGY ND THE CLUSTER PPRO CH WERE INTEGR TED IN ORDER TO FIT ND NTICIP TE SKILLS REQUIREMENTS

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 111

Figure 12

The development of the GREEN STAR training module

6HE P RTNERSHIP CCORDING TO THE LITER TURE N LYSIS ND THE H NDS ON EXPERIENCES OF THE COMP NIES INVOLVED DEFINED T LE ST THREE MODULES TO ÅE D PTED - 'NERGY - 9 STE - 2RODUCT LIFE CYCLE ¢ .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT .%# (OLLOWING TO SECOND (OCUS GROUP IN 4OM NI THE RELEV NCE OF WORK Å SED LE RNING 9$. PPRO CH ÅLE TO CRE TE OPPORTUNITIES ND TO STRENGTHEN COOPER TION ÅETWEEN 8'6 PROVIDERS ND COMP NIES ÅEC ME EVIDENT #CCORDING TO THE '3#8'6 2OLICY NOTE OF (EÅRU RY ±9$. H S ÅEEN PROVEN TO ÅE POWERFUL INSTRUMENT FOR DEVELOPING CURRICUL Å SED ON COMPETENCE MODEL SUPPORTING LE RNERS° MOTIV TION ND CHIEVEMENT 9$. ENCOUR GES THE CQUISITION OF PR CTIC L KNOWLEDGE ND THE RIGHT TTITUDES +T SHOULD ÅE COMPLEMENTED ÅY SCHOOL Å SED LE RNING WHICH SUPPORTS THE INTEGR TION OF KEY ND SOFT SKILLS IN THE CURRICULUM S IN THE C SE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS /ODELS OF 9$. SUCH S PPRENTICESHIPS Å SED ON DU L SYSTEM C N HELP CORRECT THE MISM TCH ÅETWEEN L ÅOUR DEM ND ND SUPPLY S THEY MEET THE NEEDS OF EMPLOYERS ND THE TR INING IS GIVEN IN RE L JOÅS ² 6HE (OCUS )ROUP LED TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF *IGHER 6ECHNIC L 'DUC TION INSTITUTE IN +T LY ND SIX 5ECOND RY 6ECHNIC L 6HEORETIC L ND 'CONOMIC 5CHOOLS IN 0ORTHWESTERN 4OM NI

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Action Plans 6HE P RTNER (8'/ DEVELOPED N #CTION 2L N #2 SCHEME TO LLOW THE )4''0 56#4 P RTNERS 8'6 INSTITUTIONS ND SCHOOLS TO DEFINE IMPLEMENT ND REPORT Ã…OUT THE RESULTS OF THE D PT TION Ã…Y PPLYING STRUCTURED ND COMP R Ã…LE METHODOLOGY 6HE EV LU TION W S DESIGNED CCORDINGLY SEE CH PTER 6HE #CTION 2L N SCHEME CONSIDERED THE FOLLOWING ITEMS - %OVER P GE - 'XECUTIVE SUMM RY - +NDEX - 2ROFILE OF THE ORG NIS TION OR PROJECT PRESENTING THE PL N - / N GEMENT GOVERN NCE INFORM TION - 2ROÃ…LEM N LYSIS ND SOLUTION N LYSIS - 9ORK PL N - 5UMM RY OF OUTPUTS ND TIMEFR ME - 5UMM RY OF ST FFING ND HUM N RESOURCE NEEDS - $UDGET - #PPENDICES ND SUPPORTING DOCUMENT TION Adaptation to company-based training ' CH COMP NY CCORDING TO THE INTERN L NEEDS N LYSIS ND THE SUPPORT Ã…Y THE REFERENCE P RTNER IN THE RESPECTIVE COUNTRY DEVELOPED TR INING PROGR MME GENER L ENOUGH TO Ã…E RE USED T '7 LEVEL ND SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO Ã…E USEFUL WITHIN THE COMP NY STR TEGIC OÃ…JECTIVES 6HE 'NERGY MODULE W S TR NSL TED ND PPLIED FROM )6 8'6 WITH NO MODIFIC TION 6HE MODULE 9 STE W S D PTED ND UPD TED NORM TIVE ELEMENTS ND ST ND RDS D PTED 6HE .%# MODULE W S NEWLY DEVELOPED THROUGH THE COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN THE COMP NY #2+ ND THE RESE RCH CENTER %ONSORZIO 8ENEZI 4ICERCHE %84 # SENSITIS TION ND TR INING CTION OF THE .%# /ODULE W S C RRIED OUT Ã…Y %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 INVOLVING COMP NIES IN SEVER L SEMIN RS CO FUNDED Ã…Y REGION L 'UROPE N 5OCI L (UND PROJECT 6HE DET ILED DESCRIPTION ND THE RESULTS RE PRESENTED IN CH PTER ¢ 'NERGY ¢ 9 STE ¢ .%# ¢ .%# IN CONTINUOUS TR INING Adaptation to higher and secondary technical education 6HE +65 /ECC TRONICO OF 8ICENZ Ã… SED IN THE 8ENETO REGION WHOSE REPRESENT TIVE P RTICIP TED T THE (OCUS )ROUPS GREED TO TEST THE .%# MODULE WITHIN ITS COURSE ±#UTOM TION ND /ECH TRONIC 5YSTEMS 6ECHNICI N² 6HE LE RNING METHODOLOGY DOPTED TE M SSIGNMENT PPRO CH COUPLED WITH F CE TO F CE TR INING PROVIDED Ã…Y #2+ ND %84 6HE %%+ %LUJ IN COOPER TION WITH SIX SECOND RY TECHNIC L THEORETIC L ND ECONOMIC SCHOOLS IN 0ORTHWESTERN 4OM NI TESTED .EVEL ND OF THE 'NERGY MODULE S D PTED ND TR NSL TED Ã…Y 5+06'41/ 6HE DET ILED DESCRIPTION ND THE RESULTS RE PRESENTED IN CH PTER ND

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 113

Adaptation to an apprenticeship system 6HE 4EGION OF 8ENETO WITHIN THE LEG L FR MEWORK DESCRIÃ…ED IN P R GR PH IN COOPER TION WITH THE TR INING GENCY (OREM SILENT P RTNER UTHORISED THE TEST OF .EVEL ND OF THE 'NERGY 9 STE ND .%# MODULES S D PTED DEVELOPED Ã…Y E CH COMP NY 6HE DET ILED DESCRIPTION ND THE RESULTS RE PRESENTED IN P R GR PH

4.3.2 Evaluation design Alberto Vergani $ESIDE THE INTEGR TION OF THE INTERN L ND EXTERN L KNOW HOW OF EXPERTS THROUGH (OCUS )ROUPS ND /EETINGS ND THE LITER TURE REVIEW THE EV LU TION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT P RTNERSHIP ND COLL Ã…OR TION PROJECT CTIVITIES ND OUTCOMES W S ONE OF THE M IN METHODOLOGIC L ISSUES TO GU R NTEE THE QU LITY OF THE PROJECT°S PROCESSES ND RESULTS 6HE EV LU TION FOCUSED ON THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS L RGELY ENVIS GED IN THE PPROVED PROPOS L /EETINGS° ND WORKSHOPS° P RTICIP NTS ±PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS² SUCH EFFECTIVENESS REL TING Ã…OTH TO MEETING°S ND OR WORKSHOPS° CONTRIÃ…UTION IN DEVELOPING DEQU TE SKILLS ND KNOWLEDGE Ã…OUT ENERGY W STE ND OR .%# ND TO GENER L INTEREST ND S TISF CTION FOR P RTICIP TION Ã… #CTION 2L NS on-going IMPLEMENT TION Ã… SIC LLY IN TERMS OF COMPLI NCE Ã…ETWEEN #CTION 2L N EXPECTED ND CTU L CONTENTS ND IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS C GT VET Blueprint model TR NSFER IMP CT STUDY THROUGH THE Green Star MODULES IMPLEMENT TION Ã… SED ON ORG NIS TION SPECIFIC #CTION 2L NS D 2 RTNERSHIP Added Value PERCEPTION ' CH DIMENSION OF EV LU TION W S C RRIED OUT USING SPECIFIC METHOD TH T IS - ±2ERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS² OF THE WORKSHOPS P RTICIP NTS IN P RTNERS MEETINGS ND DISSEMIN TION CTIVITIES 5URVEYS WITH QUESTIONN IRE ONE FOR E CH PROJECT°S event WERE CONDUCTED FTER THE EVENTS CONCLUSIONS ND THE NSWERS TO QUESTIONN IRES WERE N LYSED TO PRODUCE COHERENT RECOMMEND TIONS - #CTION 2L NS ON GOING IMPLEMENT TION #LSO FOR THIS DIMENSION survey W S C RRIED OUT WITH THE QUESTIONN IRES FILLED IN Ã…Y E CH #CTION 2L N M N GER - 6R NSFER IMP CT STUDY 6HIS EV LU TION THE CORE OF THE EV LU TION CTIVITY H S Ã…EEN PERFORMED USING DIFFERENT METHODS FOR #CTION 2L NS IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y TR INING PROVIDERS ND OR INTERMEDI TE INSTITUTIONS ND Ã…Y COMP NIES /ORE DET IL ON METHODS WILL Ã…E OUTLINED FURTHER ON - 2 RTNERSHIP #DDED 8 LUE 2ERCEPTION # SURVEY QUESTIONN IRE W S IMPLEMENTED FOR THIS L ST DIMENSION %ONSIDERING THE transfer impact study WHICH W S THE MOST INTERESTING CTIVITY FROM METHODOLOGIC L POINT OF VIEW IT W S Ã… SED ON THE THREE FOLLOWING SSUMPTIONS

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#N instrumental SSUMPTION 6HE GT-VET model TR NSFER OCCURRED THROUGH THE instrument REPRESENTED Ã…Y Action Plans ONE #CTION 2L N FOR E CH transfer OPER TION - # context SSUMPTION 6HE transfer process ND THEREFORE THE PROCESS ORIGIN TED EXPECTED IMP CTS H D DIFFERENT PROFILE ND perspective LSO FOR EV LU TION IF IT TOOK PL CE IN COMP NY WHERE TR INING W S ORIENT TED TO WORKERS up-skilling W S COMP NIES TYPIC L CONTEXT OF continuous VOC TION L TR INING OR IF IT W S IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y N INSTITUTION OR TR INING PROVIDER WHERE TR INING DELIVERED TO NEVER EMPLOYED Ã…UT LSO TO YOUNG EMPLOYED OR EMPLOYED W S T RGETED T RECIPIENTS RE SKILLING OR totally SKILLING W S DONE - #N evaluation logic SSUMPTION $EING STRONGLY LINKED TO THE TR NSFER PROCESS PROFILE THE IMP CT EV LU TION S LRE DY NTICIP TED ¢ W S DIFFERENTLY DESIGNED FOR COMP NY Ã… SED TR INING PROCESSES ON ONE H ND ND FOR INSTITUTION OR TR INING PROVIDER Ã… SED TR INING ON THE OTHER H ND /ORE SPECIFIC LLY TWO IMP CT EV LU TION LOGICS WERE DOPTED (OR INSTITUTION OR TR INING PROVIDER Ã… SED TR INING THE transfer impact study DID NOT RE LLY CONSIST IN N EX POST IMP CT STUDY Ã…UT ONLY IN survey WITH QUESTIONN IRES C RRIED OUT T TR INING CONCLUSION SKING RECIPIENTS OF PERCEPTION TR INING MODULES YOUNG PPRENTICES EMPLOYED WORKERS OR STUDENTS DEPENDING ON SITU TIONS TO SSESS IN QUITE DET ILED W Y THE POTENTI L RELEV NCE ND contribution OF TR INING CONTENTS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CTU L OR FUTURE PROFESSION L POSITION OR JOÃ… Ã… (OR COMP NY Ã… SED TR INING THE transfer impact study W S C RRIED OUT S real EX POST IMP CT EV LU TION USING THEORY Ã… SED PPRO CH ND SPECIFIC LLY THE Contribution Analysis PPRO CH / YNE %ONCERNING %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSIS SOME Ã…RIEF EXPL N TION MUST Ã…E GIVEN HERE Contribution Analysis %# HENCEFORTH IS theory-based approach WHICH ME NS IT IS NOT COUNTERF CTU L Ã… SED EV LU TION PPRO CH WHOSE M IN FOCUS IS ON ±C US L PROCESS DESIGN² 5TERN ET L 6HIS ME NS TH T ±THE PROGR MME =THE Action Plan IN PERCEPTION? IS REG RDED S conjunction OF C USES TH T FOLLOWS SEQUENCE =# PROCESS ORIENTED THEORY Ã… SED PPRO CH? FOLLOWS THE P THW YS OF PROGR MME FROM ITS INITI TIONS THROUGH V RIOUS C US L LINKS IN CH IN OF IMPLEMENT TION UNTIL ITS INTENDED OUTCOMES RE RE CHED 6HE PROCESS IS Ã…UILT ROUND theory ¢ SET OF SSUMPTIONS Ã…OUT HOW N INTERVENTION CHIEVES ITS GO LS UNDER WH T CONDITIONS =SUCH THEORY IS THEREFORE C LLED theory-ofchange 61%?² 5TERN ET L CIT P #S FOR THE %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSES %# ±IT IS USED TO EV LU TE PROGR MS DELIVERED IN COMPLEX ND DYN MIC SETTINGS Ã…Y REDUCING UNCERT INTY TH T PROGR M IS CHIEVING ITS DESIRED RESULTS » %# IS P RTICUL RLY USEFUL IN CIRCUMST NCES WHERE TR DITION L EXPERIMENT L DESIGNS RE NOT POSSIÃ…LE OR ENTIRELY PPLIC Ã…LE 4EL TED TO THIS Ã…ENEFIT OF %# IS ITS FOCUS ON EX MINING SUPPORTIVE 24

9E INCLUDE IN SUCH DEFINITION DIFFERENT SUÃ…JECTS LIKE 4EGION 4EGIONE 8ENETO TERTI RY NON C DEMIC TR INING INSTITUTION +65 /ECC TRONICO PRIV TE TR INING PROVIDER 5+#8 CH MÃ…ER OF COMMERCE %.7, %% SECTOR COMP NIES TERRITORI L REPRESENT TIVE FEDER TION (8'/

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 115

CONDITIONS OR LTERN TIVE EXPL N TIONS WHICH FFECT PROGR M CHIEVEMENT ND OUTCOMES » 6HE CCEPT NCE OF NON TR DITION L STUDY DESIGN IN GROWING » S THEY RE P RTICUL RLY WELL SUITED TO PROGR MS WHERE OUTCOMES RE DETERMINED THROUGH ST KEHOLDER INPUT ND INTER CTION ND IS LIKELY TO Ã…E INFLUENCED Ã…Y SOCI L STRUCTURES ND PROCESSES » %# INVOLVES DEVELOPING POSTUL TED THEORY OF CH NGE TO DEMONSTR TE HOW PROGR M IS EXPECTED TO CHIEVE RESULTS 7NLIKE TR DITION L STUDY DESIGN WHICH TTEMPT TO DETERMINE C US LITY IN %# C USE EFFECT IS DDRESSED THROUGH ¯CONTRIÃ…UTION° [ ND NOT ¯ TTRIÃ…UTION° LIKE IN COUNTERF CTU L MY NOTE] USING V IL Ã…LE D T 6O CHIEVE THIS / YNE PROPOSES PPLYING THE CONCEPTS OF PL USIÃ…ILITY RE SON Ã…LE GREEMENT embeddedness ND TEST Ã…ILITY / YNE TO SYSTEM TIC LLY INVESTIG TE THE INTERVENING STEPS IN PROGR M LOGIC WHICH RE PRESUMED TO Ã…E RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR CHIEVING RESULTS² $IGGS ND L P +N OPER TION L TERMS THE PPLIC TION OF THE %# PPRO CH TO E CH COMP NY WHICH W S Ã… SED ON THE )4''0 56#4 TR INING CENTERED Action Plan FOLLOWED THE PROCESS STEPS CODIFIED Ã…Y / YNE WHICH RE THE FOLLOWING 5ET OUT THE C USE EFFECTS ISSUE TO Ã…E DDRESSED &EVELOP THE POSTUL TED 6HEORY OF %H NGE ND RISKS TO IT INCLUDING LTERN TIVE EXPL N TIONS ) THER EXISTING EVIDENCE ON THE 6HEORY OF %H NGE #SSEMÃ…LE ND SSESS THE ±CONTRIÃ…UTION STORY² ND THE CH LLENGES TO IT 5EEK OUT DDITION L EVIDENCE 4EVISE ND STRENGTHEN THE ±CONTRIÃ…UTION STORY² 6HE STEPS WERE IMPLEMENTED USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FROM DOCUMENT N LYSIS TO IN COMP NY DIRECT OÃ…SERV TION TO SEMI STRUCTURED IN DEPTH INTERVIEWS DELIVERED TO #CTION 2L N RECIPIENTS ND ST KEHOLDERS kept together THROUGH SPECIFIC EV LU TION form WHICH W S USED Ã…OTH FOR C RRYING OUT THE SINGLE Action Plan Impact Contribution Analysis S SORT OF GUIDE LINE ND FOR PRESENTING THE EV LU TION RESULTS 6HE form IN THE #PPENDIX W S STRUCTURED IN SIX SECTIONS E CH CORRESPONDING TO ONE OF THE Ã…OVE ILLUSTR TED %# STEPS IN DDITION preliminary STEP CONT INING ±$ SIC INFORM TION Ã…OUT COMP NY ND #CTION 2L N² ND SECTION WITH Final Notes WERE INCLUDED IN THE FORM +N COHERENCE WITH THE %# PPRO CH THE SECTIONS FOCUSED ON 5TEP DEDIC TED TO THE PRESENT TION OF #CTION 2L N°S THEORY OF CH NGE ND ON 5TEP IMED T SSEMÃ…LING ND SSESSING THE contribution story WERE THE MOST RELEV NT FOR #CTION 2L N°S IMP CT EV LU TION

4.4

Training Sub-modules / Case studies

6HE FOLLOWING CH PTER CONSIDERS THE RESULTS OF THE #CTION 2L NS UNDERT KEN TO TEST THE SUÃ…MODULES D PTED 'NERGY 9 STE OR NEWLY DEVELOPED .%# ' CH EXPERIENCE INCLUDES DESCRIPTION OF THE COMP NY THE PRESENT TION OF THE #CTION 2L N ND ITS P RTICIP NTS THE CTIVITIES C RRIED OUT ND THE CONCLUSIONS LESSON LE RNT FROM THE COMP NY 6HE FULL IMP CT EV LU TION REPORT IS PRESENTED UNDER CH PTER

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4.4.1 Energy Alexandru Gaciu, Ioan Csep The company: SINTEROM 5+06'41/ www.sinterom.ro IMPLEMENTED N IMPORT NT INVESTMENT PROGR M WITH 'UROPE N (UNDS DURING IN TECHNOLOGIC L EQUIPMENT 6HE M IN EQUIPMENT CONSISTED OF ONE %0% TONES COMP CT PRESS FOR POWDER MET LLURGY TWO CONVEYOR Ã…ELT FURN CES WITH 62% TOT L PROCESS CONTROL FOR IRON POWDER ITEMS ONE W SHING DEÃ…URRING DRYING EQUIPMENT ONE %0% L THE ONE C RÃ…ONITRIDING Ã… TCH FURN CE ONE & /ULTISENSOR /E SURING / CHINES 6HE M IN RE SON FOR THIS INVESTMENT W S TO IMPROVE THE QU LITY OF THE PRODUCTS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ELECTRIC L ND G S ND TO INCRE SE THE C P CITY FOR PRODUCTION OF POWDER MET LLURGY PRECISION P RTS #S M JOR CONSEQUENCE OF THE INVESTMENT FOCUS N CTION PL N FOR IMPROVED ENERGY M N GEMENT G S ND ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR ONE FURN CE ND FOR THE NEW PRESS COUPLED WITH N W RENESS ND TR INING CTION PL N INVOLVING 5+06'41/ WORKERS IS PRESENTED IN THIS CH PTER The action plan: Steps and participants 6HE PURPOSE OF THE CTION PL N IS TO IMPROVE THE SKILLS OF P RTICIP NTS REG RDING GREEN KNOWLEDGE CCORDING TO 'UROPE N EXPERIENCE FOLLOWING THE )6 8'6 RESULTS IN THE SPIRIT OF )4''0 56#4 #DDITION LLY THERE RE SOME CONCRETE CTIONS LRE DY DONE WHICH RE INCLUDED Ã… SED ON N ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION PL N OF THE COMP NY WITH THE T RGET OF OF S VINGS PER YE R +N THE COMP NY 5% 5+06'41/ 5# THERE WERE SOME CTIONS CONCERNING ENERGY IN ORDER TO INCRE SE THE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN ECOLOGIC L Ã…ILITY 6HE T RGET GROUPS OF THIS PROGR M WERE Ã…OTH WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS PRESS M CHINE SETTERS OVENMEN LOCKSMITHS ELECTRICI NS S WELL S STUDENTS OF THE 6ECHNIC L 7NIVERSITY PR CTICING IN THE PRODUCTION DEP RTMENT 6HE EXISTING PRODUCTION PROCESSES WERE PPRO CHED IN NEW W Y WHILST LOOKING IN TERMS OF ENERGY ON THE TYPES OF USED ENERGIES +N THIS PPRO CH THE T RGET GROUPS WERE INFORMED Ã…OUT THE CONSUMED QU NTITIES OF ENERGY THEIR COSTS ND THE IMPORT NCE OF ENERGY S VINGS ND WERE THUS ORIENTED TOW RDS THE SE RCH OF POSSIÃ…ILITIES TO REDUCE ENERGY ND COSTS Ã…OTH IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS ND IN M INTEN NCE 6HE INSTRUCTIONS ND THE PRESENTED M TERI LS FOR THE TR NSFER OF KNOWLEDGE WERE EL Ã…OR TED USING S GUIDE THE SUÃ… MODULE ±'NERGY± OF THE )6 8'6 PROFESSION L TR INING PROGR M WITH ITS FOUR KNOWLEDGE LEVELS TR NSL TED INTO 4OM NI N L NGU GE ND DISTRIÃ…UTED TO THE PEOPLE INVOLVED +NDIVIDU L ND GROUP DISCUSSIONS WERE C RRIED OUT IN ORDER TO UNDERST ND THE PHENOMENON ±'NERGY² ND TO H VE Ã…ETTER TTITUDE TOW RDS THE PROÃ…LEMS OF ITS CONSUMPTION ND S VINGS 'SPECI LLY THE M TERI LS CORRESPONDING TO THE SECOND ND THIRD LEVEL WERE EMPH SISED IN THIS RESPECT 2ERFORMING SETTINGS FOR THE ME SUREMENT OF THE CONSUMED ENERGY QU NTITIES IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 117

WERE DELIVERED COMP RING THE OLD COMP NY EQUIPMENT WITH THE MODERN EQUIPMENT OF HIGH ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY 6HE EVIDENCE OF THE QU NTITY OF S VED ENERGY FOR GETTING THE S ME PRODUCT W S SHOWN THE DIFFERENCE OF THE ENERGETIC COSTS THE IMP CT UPON THE ENVIRONMENT &ISCUSSIONS WERE HELD CONCERNING THE POSSIÃ…ILITIES OF REDUCING THE QU NTITIES OF CONSUMED ENERGY DONE Ã…Y DIFFERENT METHODS SUCH S THE CQUISITION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES THE UPGR DING OF THE EXISTING EQUIPMENT THEIR CORRECT OPER TION ND THE HIGH CL SS M INTEN NCE OF THE EQUIPMENT TO ELIMIN TE THE LOSSES 6HE COMP NY HOLDS N IMPLEMENTED PROGR M FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE ENERGETIC CONSUMPTIONS 6HE 2ROGR M OF 'NERGETIC 'FFICIENCY T KING INTO CONSIDER TION LL THE POSSIÃ…ILITIES OF REDUCTION IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH NOMIN TED CTOR HELD RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR E CH CTION 6HIS PROGR M W S PRESENTED LSO TO THE WORKERS WHO WERE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS TH T UNDERSTOOD ND CCEPTED IT S T SK IN ORDER TO M KE THEIR PERSONNEL CONTRIÃ…UTION TO THE CHIEVEMENT OF THE OÃ…JECTIVES #LL IN LL PERSONS WERE TR INED T 5+06'41/ FROM THE Ã…EGINNING OF PROGR M ON THE FIRST ND SECOND LE RNING LEVEL - PRESS M CHINE SETTERS PERSONS - OVENMEN PERSONS - LOCKSMITHS PERSONS - ELECTRICI NS PERSONS - ENGINEERS PERSONS (OR THE THIRD ND FOURTH LEVEL ELECTRICI NS ND ENGINEERS WITH MORE EXPERIENCE ND PR CTICE REG RDING ENERGY WERE SELECTED - 6HE PEOPLE CONCERNED NEED TO H VE MORE EXPERIENCE ND SKILLS TO Ã…E INVOLVED IN N EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIC L PROCESS TO Ã…E CTIVE IN OPTIMISING THE G S ND ELECTRIC L CONSUMPTION ND TO TR NSFER ND IMPLEMENT NEW IDE S TO REDUCE W STE ENERGY ND ENERGY CONSUMPTION - 6HE FIN L RESULTS OF THE TE M WORKING IN THE )4''0 56#4 2ROJECT SHOW YE RLY TOT L REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION WITHIN THE EXISTING PROGR M PL N (OR REDUCTION OF /9H IS EXPECTED EQUIV LENT TO 'URO ROUND LOWER TH N THE TOT L ENERGY COST ON 6O D PT ND TR NSFER THE )6 8'6 SUÃ… MODULE ±'NERGY² TO THE 5+06'41/ ST FF ND TO INTEGR TE IT INTO THE 'NERGY +NVESTMENT ND 4EDUCTION 2ROGR M THE FOLLOWING STEPS OF THE #CTION 2L N WERE CONDUCTED - 6R NSL TION OF )6 8'6 /ODUL 'NERGY IN 4OM NI N L NGU GE FOR LEVEL - 6R INING OF THE LL INVOLVED PERSONNEL IN THE PROJECT FOR ND LEVEL USING )6 8'6 SUÃ…MODULE ENERGY - 6R NSFER OF THE INFORM TION DEFINITION OF ENERGY TR NSFORM TION WITH EX MPLES DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RENEW Ã…LE ND NON RENEW Ã…LE ENERGY LOCKSMITHS PRESS SETTERS ND OVENMEN - %ONVERSION OF ENERGY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENERGY CL SSIFIC TION OF ENERGY SOURCES ±M TCHING THE ENERGY SOURCES TO PICTURES² LOCKSMITHS PRESS SETTERS ND OVENMEN

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6R NSFER OF INFORM TION LIKE DEFINITION OF ENERGY EX MPLES FOR THE TR NSFORM TION OF ENERGY DIFFERENT RENEW Ã…LE ND NON RENEW Ã…LE ENERGY SOURCES ENGINEERS ELECTRICI NS %ONVERSION OF ENERGY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENERGY CL SSIFIC TION OF ENERGY SOURCES ±M TCHING THE ENERGY SOURCES TO PICTURES² TO ENGINEERS ELECTRICI NS 'XPL N TION OF ENERGY LEVELS PRIM RY ENERGY TECHNIC L ENERGY EFFICIENT ENERGY DIFFERENT KIND OF SOURCES RENEW Ã…LE ND NON RENEW Ã…LE EX MPLES TO S VE ENERGY LOCKSMITHS PRESS SETTERS ND OVENMEN 'XPL N TIONS FOR THE ENERGY LEVELS PRIM RILY ENERGY TECHNIC L ENERGY EFFICIENT ENERGY DIFFERENT KIND OF SOURCES RENEW Ã…LE ND NON RENEW Ã…LE 'X MPLES OF THE W Y TO S VE ENERGY ENGINEERS ND ELECTRICI NS 6R NSL TION OF )6 8'6 /ODULE 'NERGY INTO 4OM NI N L NGU GE FOR LEVEL 6R INING FOR THE SELECTED PERSONNEL FOR ND LEVEL 'NERGY C LCUL TION OF COST ND EFFECTIVENESS /E SURING OF DIFFERENT LIGHT SOURCES %OMP RING Ã…ETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPE OF L MPS Ã…ULÃ… .'& L MP H LOGEN ND FLUORESCENT ENGINEERS ND ELECTRICI NS 1PTIMISING OF HYDR ULIC SYSTEM WITH REGUL TING PUMP OF PRESSURE Ã…Y ME SURING THE EFFECTIVE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON COMP CTING MECH NIC L HYDR ULIC PRESS OF TONES .EVEL 6HE KNOW HOW PROCESS WITH RESULTS OF STUDYING Ã… SIC INFORM TION D T SHEETS STR TEGIES FOR ENERGY S VING

Technical actions 6HE TR INING OF THE )6 8'6 Ã… SED SUÃ… MODULE ±'NERGY² W S Ã… SED ND TOOK PL CE IN LINE WITH FUND MENT L UPD TE OF THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EVEN FROM N ENVIRONMENT L PERSPECTIVE 6HE TECHNOLOGIC L INVESTMENT W S M DE ON THE Ã… CKGROUND OF N ENERGY UDIT 6HE M IN OÃ…JECTIVES OF THIS UDIT M DE Ã…EFORE THE INVESTMENT WERE - 'STIM TING TECHNIC L ND EV LU TED ENERGY EQUIPMENT - 5ETTING Ã…SOLUTE ND SPECIFIC QU NTITIES OF ENERGY N LYSED PROCESSES - 'V LU TION OF THE POSSIÃ…ILITY OF UPGR DING THE F CILITIES REDUCING OPER TION ND M INTEN NCE COSTS - +MPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICITY ND N TUR L G S - 1PTIMIS TION OF HE T TRE TMENT PROCESSES $ SED ON THIS UDIT THE PL N OF ME SURES ND CTIONS FOR TECHNIC L IMPROVEMENTS COULD Ã…E SUMM RISED LIKE THIS - +MPROVING THE OPER TION OF FURN CES - 1PTIM L DJUSTMENT OF Ã…URNERS G S INST LL TIONS #+%*'.+0 - 1PTIMIZ TION OF Ã…ELTS LO DING - *E T RECOVERY FROM FLOW G S OVEN #+%*'.+0 - *E T RECOVERY FROM COOLING W TER - 4EDUCING PUMPING W TER FOR COOLING TOWER 7SING MODERN EQUIPMENT WITH 62% NEW GENER TION OF CONVEYOR Ã…ELT FURN CE W S DONE FOR - 'LIMIN TION OF ENDOTHERMIC G S REHE TING

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 119

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4EDUCE HE T LOSS Ã…Y COMÃ…INING Ã…LOCKS ND W LLS 4EMOVING RESINTERING Ã…Y USING 62% 6OT L 2ROCES %ONTROL 4EMOVING S MPLES SINTERING 4EMOVING #+%*'.+0 INST LL TIONS ELECTRIC L CONSUMPTION 4EDUCE M INTEN NCE COSTS +NST LL TION OF DDITION L SKYLIGHTS N TUR L LIGHTING &IMMING THE * LL VOLT GE INTERIOR LIGHTING SINTERING 1RG NISING PRODUCTION LIMITING NUMÃ…ER ST RTS FURN CE

Figure 13

Old and new furnace, heating loss of old furnace

6HE DV NT GES OF USING THE NEW CONVEYOR Ã…ELT FURN CE RE EVIDENT Ã…Y COMP RING THE SPECIFIC CONSUMPTIONS OF THE OLD FURN CE WITH THE NEW ONE $Y INCRE SING THE PRODUCTION C P CITY FROM Ã…OUT TO KG H THE ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION W S REDUCED FROM TO K9H KG THE METH NE CONSUMPTION FROM TO K9H KG 6HE COOLING W TER CONSUMPTION W S LSO REDUCED FROM M H TO IN Ã…ETWEEN TO M H 6HE INVESTMENT IN THE NEW EQUIPMENT RESULTED IN ENORMOUS ENERGY ND COST S VING LISTED IN THE T Ã…LE Ã…ELOW /E SURE

'CONOMICS YE R =/9H?

) S S VINGS 1PTIM L DJUSTMENT #+%*'.+0 Ã…URNERS 'LECTRICITY S VINGS 'LIMIN TION OF ENDOTHERMIC G S REHE TING 'LECTRICITY S VINGS 4EDUCING HE T LOSS THROUGH W LLS ND MUFFLES 'LECTRIC L ENERGY S VES 4EMOVE SEVER L SINTERING ) S S VINGS METH NE 4EMOVING SEVER L SINTERING Table 16 Energy and Cost Savings

=T E P ?

=LEI?

=EURO?

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1VER LL THE TECHNOLOGIC L INVESTMENT COMÃ…INED WITH THE TR INING OF THE INVOLVED WORKERS ND ENGINEERS LED TO THE FOLLOWING Ã…ENEFITS - 4EDUCTION OF THE SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION Ã…Y USING OF MORE EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY - 4EDUCTION OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION Ã…Y REDUCING THE NEED OF RESINTERING SOME OF THE P RTS - 4EDUCTION OF METH NE CONSUMPTION Ã…Y INCLUDING THE CR CKING IN THE FURN CE DESIGN - 4EDUCTION OF R DI NT ND CONVECTIVE HE T LOSSES THROUGH THE SURF CES OF THE FURN CE - 4EDUCTION OF THE ENERGY LOSSES IN THE CONTROL C Ã…INET Conclusions 6HE NEW GENER TIONS OF POWDER MET LLURGY EQUIPMENT CQUIRED Ã…Y 5INTEROM IN ON PROJECT Ã… SED WITH 'UROPE N (UNDS COUPLED WITH SPECIFIC SENSITIS TION ND TR INING CTION FUNDED Ã…Y THE .IFELONG .E RNING 2ROGR MME LLOWS THE COMP NY TO Ã…E COMPETITIVE IN THE TERMS OF SPECIFIC CONSUMPTIONS OF G S ELECTRIC L ENERGY ND LSO IN TERMS OF QU LITY FOR PRECISION COMPONENTS WITH THE DESTIN TION OF THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 6ECHNOLOGIC L ND HUM N RESOURCES IMPROVEMENT LED TO N ENORMOUS S VING OF ENERGY ND COST PUSHING THE W RENESS OF THE COMP NY ND ITS EMPLOYEES T LL LEVELS FOR GREEN SKILLS

4.4.2 Waste Kepa Jon Arana, Joana Mielgo The company: BRUSS Group 6HE COMP NY $4755 ,UNT S 6~CNIC S P RT OF $4755 )4172 IS LOC TED IN THE TOWN OF &UR NGO 5P IN +TS M IN CTIVITY IS THE DESIGN M NUF CTURE ND S LE OF SE LS ND G SKETS FOR SE LING ENGINES GE RÃ…OXES ND OTHER COMPONENTS USED IN THE #UTOMOTIVE +NDUSTRY +NNOV TION IS SOMETHING $4755 T KES P RTICUL RLY SERIOUSLY Ã…Y FINDING INDIVIDU L SOLUTIONS T KING NEW P THS ND DEVELOPING INNOV TIVE PRODUCTS $4755 IS CH R CTERISED Ã…Y P SSION FOR UTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ND DESIRE FOR PERFECTION 5OME INNOV TIONS RE - +NCRE SED PERFORM NCE - +MPROVED PRODUCT QU LITY - 4EDUCED COSTS ND H NDLING - 2ROMOTION OF PROGRESS IN THE UTOMOTIVE SECTOR The Action Plan: Steps and participants 6HROUGH THE #CTION 2L N THE SKILLS OF P RTICIP NTS REG RDING GREEN KNOWLEDGE ON W STE H NDLING RE TO Ã…E IMPROVED CCORDING TO THE RECENT 'UROPE N EXPERIENCE ESP )6 8'6 IN THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT $4755 FOCUSED ON

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 121

-

1PTIMIS TION OF RUÃ…Ã…ER W STE DISPOS L (ROM CURRENT L ND FILLING TO REUSE RECYCLING ND V LORIS TION - +NDUSTRI L NET PHILOSOPHY CCORDING TO <ERO9+0 'UROPE N NETWORKING PROJECT WWW ZEROWIN EU - +MPLIC TION OF LL THE PERSONNEL OF THE COMP NY IN THE DEVELOPMENT ND D ILY PPLIC TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT L SYSTEM 6HE FOLLOWING #CTION 2L N STEPS WERE UNDERT KEN DET ILS SEE T Ã…LE Ã…ELOW - 5ELECTION OF SPECIFIC PROÃ…LEM 9 STE - &EFINITION OF $4755 PROJECT TE M COORDIN TOR N LYSIS DOCUMENT TION INTERVENTION ND TECHNIC L CONTR ST SUPPORT INTERN L ENVIRONMENT L CONSULTING TECHNIC L PR CTIC L SUPPORT EXTERN L - 4EVIEW OF EXISTING EXPERIENCE Ã…Y THE PROJECT TE M Ã… SED ON THE W STE MODULE OF )6 8'6 - +DENTIFIC TION OF )6 8'6 ELEMENTS D PT Ã…LE TO $755 ND IDENTIFIC TION OF SPECIFIC ELEMENTS REL TED TO THE LOC TION OF $4755 - 2REP R TION OF TR INING M TERI L 4E LIS TION OF TR INING CTIVITIES Result Area: Upgrade of operators qualification in waste management Indicator: Number of operators trained Progress indicator: Training certificate records for HR Activities 4EVIEW OF )6 8'6 EXPERIENCE IN W STE MODULE 2RESENT TION ND DISCUSSION Ã…OUT PPLIC Ã…ILITY / TERI L TR NSL TION TO $4755 RE LITY .EG L SPECTS REVIEW TR INING EXPERIENCE CHECKING 6R INING M TERI L FINE TUNING 2ILOT TR INING PROGR M PREP R TION 2ILOT TR INING 4EVIEW OF THE RESULTS ND EXPERIENCE OF PILOT TR INING #D PT TION OF M TERI L TO RE L EXPERIENCE RESULTS

Time Frame Person Responsible /ONTH /ONTH /ONTHS TO

. Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT %HIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER L Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT 6R INING COORDIN TOR EXTERN L

/ONTH

. Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT 6R INING COORDIN TOR EXTERN L

/ONTH

6R INING COORDIN TOR EXTERN L

/ONTH

/ONTH /ONTH

. Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT TR INING COORDIN TOR EXT . Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT TR INING COORDIN TOR EXT

/ONTH

6R INING COORDIN TOR EXTERN L

6R INING PROGR M EXECUTION

/ONTHS TO

%ONCLUSIONS

/ONTH

. Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT TR INING COORDIN TOR EXT . Ã…OR TORY TECHNICI N RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR ENVIRONMENT %HIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Table 17 Action Plan BRUSS

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6HE M IN FE TURES OF THE TR INING PROGR MME COULD Ã…E SUMM RISED S FOLLOWS - (OCUS ON PL NT OPER TORS Ã…LUE COLL R WHO RE THE PEOPLE IN DIRECT CONT CT WITH THE GENER TION ND H NDLING OF W STE - (OUR EST Ã…LISHED COMPLEXITY TR INING LEVELS SEE T Ã…LE Ã…ELOW - $ SED ON THREE HOURS TR INING SESSIONS ONE THEORY HOUR PLUS TWO HOURS OF PR CTIC L EXERCISE - #LIGNED WITH +51 TR INING REQUIREMENT Level 1: What is waste? 6+6.'

WASTE AND ITS IMPACT

.'#40+0) 6#4)'6

-

#%6+8+6+'5

- 3UIZ - 4EVIEW T THE SHOP FLOOR HOW W STE IS H NDLED

&EFINE ±W STE² +DENTIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF W STE &ESCRIÃ…E THE DIFFERENT METHODS TO ELIMIN TE W STE &EFINE THE CONCEPTS OF THE 'UROPE N *IER RCHY IN 9 STE / N GEMENT

Level 2: Waste treatment 6+6.'

TYPE OF WASTE GENERATED AT THE WORK PLACE

.'#40+0) 6#4)'6

-

#%6+8+6+'5

- &ISCUSSION Ã… SED IN W STE IM GES

'NVIRONMENT L IMP CT OF W STE #CCIDENT L OR IMPROPER H NDLING GENER TED ISSUES 2ROCEDURES FOR W STE RECUPER TION OR ELIMIN TION 9 STE PRODUCERS IDENTIFIC TION

Level 3: Legal requirements 6+6.'

WASTE – LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

.'#40+0) 6#4)'6

-

#%6+8+6+'5

- (ULFIL THE DIFFERENT STEPS TO CORRECTLY M N GE W STE

.EG L STRUCTURE )ENER TION ND W STE STOR GE T PRODUCTION POINT .EG L REQUIREMENTS FOR W STE PRODUCERS .EG L REQUIREMENTS IN W STE M N GEMENT #CCEPT NCE CRITERI FOR W STE

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 123

Level 4: Analysis and improvement 6+6.'

ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION

.'#40+0) 6#4)'6

-

#%6+8+6+'5

- 2ERFORM N ENVIRONMENT L EV LU TION OF N SPECT REL TED TO THE WORK PL CE

'NVIRONMENT L M N GEMENT SYSTEM +DENTIFIC TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT L SPECTS 'NVIRONMENT L EV LU TION 'NVIRONMENT L OÅJECTIVES ND T RGETS '/5 MODEL

Table 18 Training module contents (Waste) Implementation (OR E CH LE RNING LEVEL $4755 ORG NISED TR INING WORKSHOP ND COMP NY T ILORED EX MPLES ND EXERCISES +N ORDER TO M KE CLE R THE OÅJECTIVE OF E CH TR INING TO P RTICIP NTS THE TITLE W S TR NSFORMED INTO GUIDING QUESTION $ELOW THE PROGR MME PROPOSED LEVEL 1: WHAT DO WE GENERATE? / TERI LS SUÅST NCES OR LEFTOVER OÅJECTS OF NY OPER TION CTIVITY OR PRODUCTION PROCESS - '7412'#0 0'56 10 9#56' /#0#)'/'06 'LIMIN TION 8 LU TION 4ECYCLING 0EUTR LIS TION 2REVENTION LEVEL 2: HOW TO TREAT THE WASTE GENERATED? - 4'%;%.+0) 5UÅMIT SUÅJECT OR PRODUCT LRE DY USED TO COURSE OF TRE TMENT FOR COMMODITY OR NEW PRODUCT - .#0&(+.. 5+6'5 6HE SPILL IS THE ELIMIN TION PROCEDURE TH T RECEIVES THE L RGEST MOUNT OF NON H Z RDOUS ND H Z RDOUS W STE PRE TRE TMENT - +0%+0'4#6+10 +T IS DONE IN FURN CES WITH M INLY THE USE OF THE ENERGY PRODUCED ENERGY RECOVERY LEVEL 3: HOW TO MANAGE? - 1$.+)#6+105 1( 241&7%'45 5EGREG TION 2 CKING 5TOR GE . ÅELLING

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-

#&/+0+564#6+8' /#0#)'/'06 INTERN L CONTROL SYSTEM - 9#56' /#0#)'/'06 %OLLECTION 6R NSPORT 6RE TMENT LEVEL 4: WHAT COULD BE IMPROVED? - '08+410/'06#. #55'55/'06 6HERE RE DIFFERENT $ SIC 6OOLS TH T H VE ÅEEN WIDELY DOPTED IN CTIVITIES TO IMPROVE QU LITY ND USED S SUPPORT FOR N LYSIS $4755 USES THE (/'# METHOD ( ILURE /ODE ND 'FFECTS #N LYSIS 6HIS METHOD LLOWS %ONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT %ORRECTIVE CTION 2ROCESS CONTROL ND DESIGN - 1$,'%6+8'5 #0& '08+410/'06#. )1#.5 6HE PRIORITIS TION OF ENVIRONMENT L SPECTS WILL ÅE CONDUCTED CCORDING TO THE OÅT INED COMPOSITE SCORE WITH HIGHER PRIORITY OF THE SPECTS WITH GRE TER IMP CT LOWER COST ND LESS DIFFICULTY TO SOLVE $ SED ON THE STUDY OF THE EV LU TION OF ENVIRONMENT L SPECTS ENVIRONMENT L OÅJECTIVES ND T RGETS WITH CORRESPONDING CTION PROGR MS WILL ÅE EST ÅLISHED +N THE EL ÅOR TION OF THE OÅJECTIVES ND T RGETS THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION IN GENER L ND THE IMPROVEMENT OF CTIVITIES PRODUCTS ND SERVICES Å SED ON THE RESULTS OF THE SIGNIFIC NT SPECTS SH LL ÅE T KEN INTO CCOUNT Conclusions 6HE M IN CONCLUSIONS TH T COULD ÅE DR WN FROM THE #CTION 2L N RESULTS RE - 9 STE SENSIÅILITY T WORK PL CE IS LOWER TH N T HOME LEVEL 9 STE IS SSUMED S INHERENT TO THE INDUSTRI L CTIVITY - 1PER TORS RE NOT W RE OF THE COMPLEXITY OF W STE M N GEMENT PROCEDURES - 'NVIRONMENT L REL TED TOPICS RE OF THE INTEREST OF THE M JORITY OF PEOPLE WHO TOOK P RT IN THE TR INING MODULES - 1PER TORS TR INED IN THE Å SIC MODULES MODULE ND H VE REQUESTED TO ÅE TR INED IN DV NCED MODULES MODULE ND - 6HE PR CTIC L EXERCISES PERFORMED FTER THE THEORETIC L PRESENT TION PL Y N IMPORT NT ROLE TO FIX CONCEPTS IN THE P RTICIP NTS MINDS ND ÅEH VIOUR +N E CH OF THE SESSIONS THIS POINT H S GENER TED ±LIVE² DISCUSSION MONG P RTICIP NTS #FTER THE TR INING PROGR M IS FINISHED THE IMP CT OF THE CTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT L PERFORM NCE OF THE F CTORY SHOULD ÅE EV LU TED ÅY - #UDIT OF W STE ±QU LITY² ÅEFORE ND FTER IMPROVERS ME SUREMENT - 'V LU TION OF SPILLS SITU TION IN FLUID W STE RE S - 0UMÅER OF NOT OR INCORRECTLY L ÅELLED M TERI L T W STE STOR GE RE - +MPROVEMENT PROPOS LS IN W STE M N GEMENT TR NSMITTED TO ENVIRONMENT L TECHNICI NS FTER RE LIS TION OF TR ININGS

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 125

4.4.3 LCA Carlo Brunetti, Marco Meneghetti The company: API #2+ #PPLIC ZIONI 2L STICHE +NDUSTRI LI 5P# IS N +T LI N COMP NY Ã… SED IN THE 8ENETO REGION INVOLVED SINCE ITS FOUND TION IN IN THE PL STIC FIELD +T IS SPECI LISED IN THE CRE TION DEVELOPMENT ND ENGINEERING OF 2OLYMERIC LLOYS ND THERMOPL STIC EL STOMERS COMPOUNDS 6HERMOPL STIC 2OLYURETH NES 627 $IODEGR D Ã…LE ND 4ENEW Ã…LE $IOPL STICS SUIT Ã…LE FOR INJECTION ND CO INJECTION MOULDING EXTRUSION CO EXTRUSION C L NDERING CO GUL TION C STING ND Ã…LOWING FILM 6OD Y THE COMP NY IS ORG NIZED IN THREE $USINESS 7NITS DEDIC TED TO DIFFERENT M RKET SECTORS (OOTWE R 5PORTING )OODS #UTOMOTIVE 6ECH 2RODUCTS ND 2 CK GING *E LT % RE #2+ H S LW YS STOOD Ã…EING Ã…LE TO SUPPLY TOP PERFORM NCE ND E SY TO USE M TERI LS LLOWING THE CRE TION OF HIGHLY INNOV TIVE PRODUCTS (ROM LONG EXPERIENCE IN DV NCED SECTORS FOR THE USE OF POLYMERS THE COMP NY H S DEVELOPED N EXTENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE INTER CTIVE Ã…EH VIOUR Ã…ETWEEN F MILIES OF POLYMERS ND IN TOD Y°S CH LLENGING M RKET THE COMP NY OFFERS INNOV TIVE ±T ILOR M DE² SOLUTIONS FOR INDIVIDU L PPLIC TIONS IN WIDE R NGE OF SECTORS 2 RTICUL R IMPORT NCE IS GIVEN TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS WITH LOW ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT % REFUL SELECTION OF R W M TERI LS ENSURES TH T #2+ C N ELIMIN TE POTENTI LLY D NGEROUS COMPONENTS ND EN Ã…LES THE S FE RE USE OF SCR P M TERI LS S WELL S THE H NDLING OF END OF LIFE M TERI LS 9H T M KES #2+ TRULY UNIQUE IN CONTEXT OF COMPOUND PRODUCERS IS TH T IT OFFERS COMPLETE R NGE OF 62' 27 ND THE L TEST $IOPL STICS $IODEGR D Ã…LE EL STOMERS ND Ã…IO Ã… SED POLYMERS IN WHICH THE COMPONENTS RE NOT FROM FOSSIL ORIGIN Ã…UT DERIVE FROM ENVIRONMENT LLY FRIENDLY RENEW Ã…LE SOURCES WHICH CONTRIÃ…UTE TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE G S EMISSIONS ND THE C RÃ…ON FOOTPRINT 6HIS SUMS UP THE COMP NY S STR TEGY Ã… SED ON GROWTH IN DV NCED POLYMERS WITH LOW ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT FE TURES 9ITH THE IM TO OFFER WIDER R NGE OF Ã…IOPL STIC M TERI LS TH T C N HELP THE REDUCTION OF THE %1 EMISSIONS #2+ H S JUST CRE TED NEW GR DES Ã… SED ON RENEW Ã…LE R W M TERI LS FROM GRICULTUR L ORIGIN 6HE CONTENT OF THESE RENEW Ã…LE RESOURCES C N V RY Ã…ETWEEN OF THE TOT L COMPONENTS $EC USE OF #2+ Ã…USINESS FOCUS ON Ã…IOPL STICS THE PPLIC TION OF THE .%# METHOD IS QUITE USEFUL ND SUIT Ã…LE FOR SUPPORTING INFORMED DECISIONS CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION ND USE OF Ã…IOPL STICS IN SUÃ…STITUTION OF traditional PL STICS The Action Plan: Steps and participants .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT .%# IS METHODOLOGY FOR EV LU TING LL THE environmental impacts SSOCI TED WITH PRODUCT CONSIDERING ITS ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE FROM THE EXTR CTION OF R W M TERI LS TO PRODUCTION DISTRIÃ…UTION USE RE USE M INTEN NCE RECYCLING ND ITS FIN L DISPOS L .%# PROCEDURE IS ST ND RDISED T INTERN TION L LEVEL Ã…Y +51 NORMS ND

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Figure 14

Position of API within a Life Cycle Analysis

6HE M IN PH SES OF .%# DESCRIÃ…ED LRE DY IN CH PTER COULD Ã…E COMÃ…INED WITH THE FOLLOWING CTIVITIES Goal Definition and Scoping: &EFINE ND DESCRIÃ…E THE PRODUCT PROCESS OR CTIVITY 'ST Ã…LISH THE CONTEXT IN WHICH THE SSESSMENT IS TO Ã…E M DE ND IDENTIFY THE Ã…OUND RIES ND ENVIRONMENT L EFFECTS TO Ã…E REVIEWED FOR THE SSESSMENT Inventory Analysis: +DENTIFY ND QU NTIFY ENERGY W TER ND M TERI LS US GE ND ENVIRONMENT L RELE SES E G IR EMISSIONS SOLID W STE DISPOS L W STE W TER DISCH RGES Impact Assessment: #SSESS THE POTENTI L HUM N ND ECOLOGIC L EFFECTS OF ENERGY W TER ND M TERI L US GE ND THE ENVIRONMENT L RELE SES IDENTIFIED IN THE INVENTORY N LYSIS Interpretation: 'V LU TE THE RESULTS OF THE INVENTORY N LYSIS ND IMP CT SSESSMENT TO SELECT THE PREFERRED PRODUCT PROCESS OR SERVICE WITH CLE R UNDERST NDING OF THE UNCERT INTY ND THE SSUMPTIONS USED TO GENER TE THE RESULTS #N .%# C N HELP DECISION M KERS TO SELECT THE PRODUCT OR PROCESS TH T RESULT IN THE LE ST NEG TIVE IMP CT TO THE ENVIRONMENT 6HIS INFORM TION C N Ã…E USED WITH OTHER F CTORS SUCH S COST ND PERFORM NCE D T TO SELECT FIN L PRODUCT OR PROCESS 6HE Ã…ENEFITS OF .%# RE - 5TR TEGIC RE POSITIONING OF THE PRODUCT - %OMMUNIC TION OF ENVIRONMENT L INFORM TION TH T C N Ã…E USED TO ENH NCE THE PRODUCT - )ETTING N ECO L Ã…ELLING E G 'COL Ã…EL % RÃ…O FOOTPRINT - 4ELE SING 'NVIRONMENT L 2RODUCT &ECL R TIONS '2& - +MPROVING TECHNOLOGY STR TEGIES

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 127

#2+ PPLIED THE .%# METHOD TO ME SURE ND OUTLINE THE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF TWO ÅIO Å SED PL STICS N MELY ÅY QU NTIFYING THE USE OF OIL OR OTHER FOSSIL Å SED DERIV TE ND %1 EMISSIONS +N ÅOTH C SE THEY RE INFERIOR TO PRODUCTS ND PROCESSES USING NON ÅIO Å SED PL STICS .%# IS THEREFORE PPLIED TO PRODUCTS ÅOTH WITH 4ESE RCH ND &EVELOPMENT PURPOSE internal PERSPECTIVE ND IN ORDER TO REPLY TO CUSTOMERS° REQUIREMENTS FOR USING ÅIOPL STIC business PERSPECTIVE USEFUL TO V LORIZE ENVIRONMENT L ÅENEFITS OF SPECIFIC PRODUCT 6HE #CTION 2L N REFERS TO THE ÅUSINESS PERSPECTIVE 6HROUGH COOPER TION WITH THE RESE RCH CENTER %ONSORZIO 8ENEZI 4ICERCHE KNOWLEDGE PROVIDER OF THE METHODOLOGY D T Å SES ND SOFTW RE THE #CTION 2L N CONSIDERED TWO M IN DIMENSIONS 6HE FIRST FOCUS IS LIGNED TO CUSTOMER DEM ND IN ORDER TO PPLY THE MODEL TO RE L C SE THIS PPLIC TION INVOLVED THE $USINESS 7NIT (OOTWE R 6HE SECOND FOCUS IS DEDIC TED TO INVOLVEMENT OF THE COMP NY°S FUNCTIONS DEFINED S ST KEHOLDERS OF THE METHOD°S PPLIC TION V LORIS TION ND USE N MELY 3U LITY / RKETING 5 LES ND 4ESE RCH 6HE EFFECTS OF THE #CTION 2L N WERE DEFINED ÅY THE COMP NY S OUTPUTS 6HE INCRE SE OF KNOWLEDGE ND COMPETENCES OF THE P RTICIP NTS ÅOUT .%# CONTENTS ND ÅENEFITS WHEN PPLIED TO CUSTOMER DEM ND Å # QU NTIFIED ND CLE R PRESENT TION TO THE CUSTOMER OF THE DEGREE OF THE ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN ÅILITY OF THEIR PRODUCT ND THE REL TED PRODUCTION PROCESS ÅY COMP RING ÅIOPL STIC ND FOSSIL Å SED PL STIC C 6HE GENER TION OF NEW ÅUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SHORT ND MEDIUM RUN TH NKS TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF WIDE R NGE OF COMP NY°S LEVELS ND FUNCTIONS 6HE 8ICE 2RESIDENT OF +NNOV TION ND THE 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER VERIFIED THE PROJECT FE SIÅILITY EV LU TING THE TR NSFER OF THE .%# RESULTS INTO THE ÅUSINESS ND OPER TION COMP NY PROCESSES +NITI LLY DUE TO ITS COMPLEXITY THE .%# CONTENTS ND RESULTS WERE SPRE D TO $USINESS 3U LITY ND 1PER TION 1FFICES 6HE 2RODUCTION &EP RTMENT H S ÅEEN INVOLVED ONLY IN THE END FTER TR NSL TING THE .%# CONCEPTS IN SIMPLE ND E SILY UNDERST ND ÅLE W Y 6HE CTIVITIES WERE DEFINED CCORDING TO THE COMMON #CTION 2L N FR MEWORK

6HE %84 P RTI LLY FIN NCED ÅY PUÅLIC REGION L FUNDS CLOSED DURING THE #2 IMPLEMENT TION 6HE IMP CT EV LU TION DEFINED IT S POTENTI L RISK OF KNOWLEDGE LOSS

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Activities &EFINITION OF THE GO L ND TECHNIC L ELEMENTS OF THE .%# PROJECT #SSIGNMENT TO %84 THE .%# PROJECT +NFORM TION ND TECHNOLOGY SH RING WITH %84 M PPING OF THE PROCESS ND PRODUCTS +NFORM TION ND TECHNOLOGY SH RING WITH SELECTED #2+ %USTOMER 5UST IN Ã…ILITY 2RODUCTION .OGISTIC ND &ESIGN 1FFICES M PPING OF THE PROCESS ND PRODUCTS +NFORM TION SH RING WITH %84 CUSTOMER F CTS ND NEEDS %84 .%# N LYSIS GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING N .%# WITHIN THE SERIES +51 ND

Time Frame

Person Responsible

/ONTH

8ICE 2RESIDENT +NNOV TION 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER

/ONTH

4ESE RCH CENTER %84 627 6ECHNIC L &IRECTOR 4 & 6ECHNICI N

/ONTH

#RE 5 LES / N GER 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER

/ONTH

#RE 5 LES / N GER 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER

/ONTHS TO

4ESE RCH %ENTER %84

/EETING WITH %84 ND 9ITHIN 3U LITY $USINESS / RKETING 1FFICES /ONTH TO FIN LISE ME SURED RESULTS

#RE 5 LES / N GER 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER / RKETING / N GER 627 6ECHNIC L &IRECTOR -EY #CCOUNT M N GER

/EETING WITH THE %USTOMER ND THE $USINESS 1FFICE TO PRESENT ND 9ITHIN UNDERST ND THE FIN L RESULTS /ONTH DECISION M KER STEP

#RE 5 LES / N GER 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER

Table 19 Action Plan API Technical actions .%# H S Ã…EEN PPLIED TO TWO #2+ Ã…IO Ã… SED PL STIC PRODUCTS #2+.10 $+1¦ LSO USED IN UTOMOTIVE PPLIC TIONS ND #2+)1 $+1¦ +N CONTEXT OF COMPOUND PRODUCERS #2+ OFFERS COMPLETE R NGE OF 627 62' 27 ND THE L TEST Ã…IODEGR D Ã…LE EL STOMERS TO CLIENTS WHO DEM ND T ILOR M DE SOLUTIONS ND EXCEPTION L PERFORM NCE 9HY USE Ã…IOPL STICS INSTE D OF PL STICS 6HERE RE TWO M JOR DV NT GES OF Ã…IO Ã… SED PL STIC PRODUCTS COMP RED TO THEIR CONVENTION L VERSIONS S VE FOSSIL RESOURCES FOR FUTURE GENER TION ND REDUCE GREEN G S EMISSIONS $IODEGR D Ã…ILITY IS N DD ON PROPERTY OF CERT IN TYPES OF Ã…IOPL STICS WHICH OFFERS DDITION L W YS FOR RECOVERY T THE END OF PRODUCT°S LIFE 6HE REDUCTION OF IMP CT TO ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THESE TECHNIC L PPRO CHES IS DEMONSTR TED Ã…Y THE RESULTS OF THE .%# OF TWO PRODUCTS #2+.10 $+1 ND #2+)1 $+1

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 129

LCA applied to APILON 52 BIO® 'STER Ã… SED 6HERMOPL STIC 2OLYURETH NES FROM RENEW Ã…LE R W M TERI LS APILON 52 BIO IS Ã…IOÃ… SED 627 WITH RENEW Ã…LE R W M TERI L CONTENT OF Ã…ETWEEN TO $ SED ON +51 THE .%# .IFE %YCLE #SSESSMENT FROM ±CR DLE TO GR VE² OF #2+.10 $+1 PROVIDES SEE FIGURE Ã…ELOW - REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE G S EMISSIONS )92 )LOÃ… L 9 RMING 2OTENTI L - S VING IN NON RENEW Ã…LE ENERGY #&2 #Ã…IOTIC &EPLETION 2OTENTI L

LCA applied to APIGO BIO¦ 621 %OMPOUNDS FROM RENEW Ã…LE R W M TERI LS 51(6 )4#&'5 * RDNESS IN THE R NGE 5H# #56/ & (LEXUR L MODULUS " /2 #56/ & $IO M SS CONTENT

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*#4& )4#&'5 * RDNESS IN THE R NGE 5H& #56/ & FLEXUR L MODULUS /2 #56/ & $IO M SS CONTENT

Conclusions (IRST SHORT TERM OUTCOMES WERE CHIEVED 6HE COMP NY M N GERS P RTICIP TE IN N PPLIC TION OF .%# UNDERST NDING THE ME NING ND THE Ã…ENEFITS INCRE SING THEIR COMPETENCES ND THUS THE COMPETITIVE DV NT GE TOW RD THE CUSTOMERS ND WITHIN E CH FUNCTION L UNIT +NTERMEDI TE OUTCOMES RE GOING TO Ã…E CHIEVED FTER 5EPTEMÃ…ER ND RE DIRECTLY INFLUENCED Ã…Y THE #CTION 2L N CTIVITIES 6HE CUSTOMER INTERESTED TO USE Ã…IOPL STIC IS Ã…LE TO GET CLE R ND QU NTIT TIVE EVIDENCE OF THE POSITIVE ENVIRONMENT L IMP CT OF THE M TERI L . ST Ã…UT NOT LE ST FURTHER #CTION 2L N IS NECESS RY LTHOUGH NOT SUFFICIENT CONDITION TO RE CH THE LONG TERM OÃ…JECTIVE 6HE INCRE SED CUSTOMER V LUE PROPOSITION ND THE OPTIMISED USE OF THE .%# METHOD Ã…Y E CH UNIT OF THE COMP NY GENER TES INCRE SED M RKET POTENTI L OPPORTUNITIES ND STRENGTHEN CURRENT M RKETS SH RES

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 131

4.4.4 LCA - Continuous training Gabriella Bettiol, Chiara Salatin #N #CTION 2L N FOR CONTINUOUS TR INING W S C RRIED OUT Ã…Y %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 WITHIN THE FR MEWORK OF 'UROPE N 5OCI L (UND INITI TIVE ±0ETWORKING FOR %OMPETITIVENESS² FIN NCED Ã…Y THE 4EGION OF 8ENETO TO SUPPORT INNOV TION FOR SM RT SUST IN Ã…LE ND INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN M NUF CTURING SYSTEM The Action Plan: Steps and participants 6HE #CTION 2L N H D THE OÃ…JECTIVE TO TEST THE TR NSFER Ã…ILITY OF THE SUÃ…MODULE .%# DEVELOPED Ã…Y #2+ ND %84 IN CONTINUOUS TR INING CTIVITIES TO OTHER CLUSTERS ND SECTORS 6HE *E D OF -NOWLEDGE ND +NNOV TION 7NIT IDENTIFIED THE REGION L '5( INITI TIVE S COHERENT WITH THE MODULE OÃ…JECTIVES 5+#8 ORG NISED WORKSHOPS ND CTION RESE RCH ND CTION LE RNING CTIVITIES INVOLVING COMP NIES ND P RTICIP NTS WITHIN THE PROJECT ±5M RT +NNOV TION PPLIC TION TO THE HOME PPLI NCES CLUSTER² 6HREE SESSIONS WERE ORG NISED IN / RCH ND #PRIL WITH E CH SESSION L STING HOURS ND IT W S THEN SUÃ…SEQUENTLY INTEGR TED INTO THREE WORKSHOP DEDIC TED TO SM RT ND SUST IN Ã…LE GROWTH P RTICIP NTS FROM COMP NIES UNDERWENT REDUCED VERSION OF THE .%# MODULE .EVEL 6WO TR INERS WERE SELECTED FROM CERTIFIC TION ORG NIS TION ND N ENVIRONMENT L SERVICES COMP NY 6HE SELECTED TR INERS PROVIDED D HOC LE RNING M TERI LS TO INTRODUCE .%# ND ENVIRONMENT L COMMUNIC TION TOOLS N MELY - ENVIRONMENT L PRODUCT DECL R TION - C RÃ…ON FOOTPRINT - ENVIRONMENT L CL IMS - C SE STUDIES OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ND .%# PPLIED TO M NUF CTURING PROCESSES 6HE P RTICIP NTS EXPRESSED THEIR FEEDÃ… CK THROUGH DEDIC TED QUESTIONN IRE 6HE WHOLE #CTION PL N COVERED FIVE MONTHS TIME L PSE Conclusions 6HE IMP CT EV LU TION QUESTIONN IRES ND THE INFORM L FEEDÃ… CKS CONFIRMED TH T THE COMP NIES DISCOVERED .%# S USEFUL NEW ISSUE TO Ã…E INCLUDED IN CONTINUOUS TR INING LSO THROUGH SPECIFIC CTION LE RNING CTIVITIES 6HE REDUCED VERSION PROPOSED W S CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT TO INTRODUCE THE ISSUE ND R ISE W RENESS 6WO OUT OF THE THREE SESSIONS WERE EV LU TED G INST DEDIC TED QUESTIONN IRES WHICH STRUCTURED RESULTS RE V IL Ã…LE IN CH PTER

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4.5

VET System Implementation

)4''0 56#4 MODULES WERE LSO PPLIED TO HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION ND TO THE PPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM 6HE 'NERGY MODULE .EVELS ND W S TESTED IN 4OM NI THE .%# MODULE IN HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION IN +T LY ND LL THREE MODULES .EVELS ND WERE THEN TESTED IN +T LY IN THE PPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM +N THE FOLLOWING SUÃ… CH PTERS E CH EXPERIENCE IS Ã…RIEFLY OUTLINED # FULL IMP CT EV LU TION REPORT INCLUDING THE COMP NIES° C SE STUDIES IS V IL Ã…LE IN CH PTER

4.5.1 Transfer of the Module to Higher Technical Education in Italy Giorgio Spanevello, Cristina Toniolo 6HE +65 /ECC TRONICO FOLLOWING TO THE P RTICIP TION OF THE (OCUS )ROUPS IN )ERM NY ND 4OM NI GREED TO DEVELOP N OWN #CTION 2L N IN ORDER TO TEST THE INTRODUCTION OF .%# MODULE WITHIN ITS PROGR MME S THERE RE NO PRODUCTIVE OR SERVICE CTIVITIES UP TO D TE TH T C N IGNORE THE ENVIRONMENT L CULTURE OF THEIR EMPLOYEES Profile of the organisation implementing the plan 6HE &ECREE OF THE 2RESIDENT OF THE %OUNCIL OF /INISTERS &2%/ OF THE TH OF , NU RY EST Ã…LISHED IN +T LY THE *IGHER 6ECHNIC L +NSTITUTES +65 ±*IGH 6ECHNOLOGIC L 5PECI LISED 5CHOOLS² 6HESE SCHOOLS RE DESIGNED TO RESPOND TO ENTERPRISES° NEEDS ND REQUESTS FOR NEW PROFESSION L PROFILES WITH HIGH LEVEL TECHNIC L ND TECHNOLOGIC L COMPETENCES 6HE +65 /ECC TRONICO 8ENETO IS STRUCTURED S ±SM LL POLYTECHNIC² SCHOOL SPECI LISING IN MECH TRONICS WITH DIVERSIFIED TR INING OFFER CH R CTERISED Ã…Y N HIGH PERCENT GE T LE ST OF WORK Ã… SED LE RNING ND Ã…Y TE CHING TR INING METHODOLOGY FOCUSED ON PROJECT M N GEMENT CTIVITIES SIMUL TIONS ND L Ã…OR TORY SESSIONS 6HE +65 IS STRUCTURED S P RTICIP TORY FOUND TION The implementation steps 6HE .%# MODULE .EVELS W S DELIVERED TO THE STUDENTS OF THE COURSE ±#UTOM TION ND /ECH TRONIC 5YSTEMS 6ECHNICI N² T THE +65 /ECC TRONICO 8ENETO S P RT OF THE 6E M 9ORKING MODULE 6HE 6E M 9ORKING MODULE IS N INNOV TIVE TR INING TE CHING METHODOLOGY DOPTED FROM )ERM N ND &UTCH EXPERIENCES WHICH IMS T DEVELOPING THE ±6R INING FOR 5KILLS² 6E MS OF STUDENTS WITH HOMOGENEOUS COMPETENCES RE CH LLENGED TO DEVELOP NUMÃ…ER OF PROJECTS FROM THE DESIGN PH SE INCLUDING Ã…UDGETING TO THE IMPLEMENT TION IN L Ã…OR TORY SESSION

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 133

IN ORDER TO DEVELOP ND INDUSTRI LISE THE IDE GENER TED Ã…Y THE TE M 6HE STUDENTS° PERFORM NCES RE EV LU TED Ã…Y %OMMISSION 6HE RESULTS OF THE EV LU TION PROCESS RE P RT OF THE OVER LL GR DES OF THE C DEMIC YE R 6HE 6E M 9ORKING MODULE IS COMPOSED OF TOT L MOUNT OF HOURS INCLUDING F CE TO F CE LESSONS OR DEÃ… TES 2 RTS OF THE HOURS RE DEDIC TED TO STUDENTS° TR INING CTIVITIES ON THEORETIC L SPECTS OF THE PROJECT M N GEMENT S LE N PRODUCTION # DESIGN *ENCE THE .%# MODULE W S INCLUDED IN 6E M 9ORKING PROGR MME Features of the training programme 6HE +65 /ECC TRONICO DEFINED TE M RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR THE #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TION COMPOSED Ã…Y THE &IRECTOR OF (OND ZIONE +65 /ECC TRONICO THE %OURSES %OORDIN TOR ND THE $USINESS %OMMUNIC TION / N GER 6HE TE M W S SUPPORTED IN TR INING Ã…Y THE 2RODUCT &EVELOPMENT / N GER OF #2+ THE FORMER &IRECTOR OF %ONSORZIO 8ENEZI 4ICERCHE ND N ENVIRONMENT L CONSULTING COMP NY 6WO SESSIONS OF HOURS WERE ORG NISED +N THE FIRST SESSION #PRIL THE TR INERS SH RED THE Ã… SIC THEORETIC L CONCEPTS ND THE REL TED PR CTIC L PPLIC TIONS TO Ã…USINESS C SE STUDY THE SECOND ONE / Y PROVIDED N OVERVIEW OF THE CERTIFIC TION PROCESS ST KEHOLDERS RULES UDIT ND N PPLIC TION EXERCISE N LYSIS Conclusions 6HE STUDENTS UNDERSTOOD THE Ã… SIC CONCEPTS OF .%# METHODOLOGY ND ITS PPLIC TIONS 6HEY WERE INVOLVED IN THE IMP CT EV LU TION CTIVITY WHOSE RESULTS RE DESCRIÃ…ED IN CH PTER #DDITION LLY UNDER THE EV LU TION IS THE POSSIÃ…ILITY TO INCLUDE THE MODULE WITHIN THE TR INING PROGR MME OF THE +65 LTHOUGH SOME CONTENTS SH LL Ã…E LIGNED WITH THE SPECIFIC OÃ…JECTIVES OF THE COURSE 6HE PRESENT TIONS OF COMP NIES° C SE STUDIES CONNECTED WITH THE COURSE E G /ECH TRONICS COULD Ã…E USEFUL TO F CILIT TE THE KNOWLEDGE PPLIC TION OF THE .%# METHODOLOGY TO DIVERSE R NGE OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES

4.5.2 Implementing the Energy Module in Secondary Technical Education in Romania Elisabeta Dumitrescu 6HE #CTION 2L N CONCERNING THE INTEGR TION INTO THE 4OM NI N VOC TION L EDUC TION SYSTEM CONSISTED OF TR NSFER OF THE )4''0 56#4 ND )6 8'6 ±'NERGY± SUÃ… MODULE TO THE STUDENTS OF SIX *IGH 5CHOOLS 6ECHNIC L 6HEORETIC L ND 'CONOMICS WHICH THE %H MÃ…ER OF %OMMERCE OF %LUJ %LUJ %%+ H S CONCLUDED %OOPER TION #GREEMENT WITH 6HE TR INING PROGR M WITH THE HIGH SCHOOLS W S DEVELOPED UNDER THE PROJECT "Students Training for Starting and Managing a Business", FIN NCED THROUGH THE 5ECTOR L 1PER TION L 2ROGR M *UM N 4ESOURCES &EVELOPMENT

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6HE %LUJ %%+ TOGETHER WITH FOUR P RTNERS ORG NISED SPECIFIC TR INING SESSIONS IMED T DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURI L SKILLS MONG STUDENTS 6HE #CTION 2L N W S IMPLEMENTED IN SIX HIGH SCHOOLS ND THE SEMIN RS WERE TTENDED Ã…Y STUDENTS IN %LUJ IN $ISTRIT IN % REI IN < L U IN 1R DE ND IN $ I / RE WITHIN SIX IMPLEMENT TION STEPS 5ELECTION OF THE SPECIFIC MODULE ¢ Energy %ONCLUDING THE GREEMENTS WITH THE SIX *IGH 5CHOOLS 6ESTING THE STUDENTS° Ã…ILITIES &IVIDING THE STUDENTS INTO TWO GROUPS CCORDING TO THEIR POTENTI L 5TUDENTS TO Ã…E EMPLOYED IN THE COMP NIES 5TUDENTS WITH ENTREPRENEURI L SKILLS 5EMIN RS FOCUSED ON Ã…USINESS DEVELOPMENT (OLLOW UP CTIVITIES TO GET THE EFFICIENCY ND FEEDÃ… CK OF THE SERVICES Features of the training program 6HE TR INING PROGR M W S IMPL NTED S HOUR SESSIONS HOUR THEORY ND HOURS PR CTICE 6HE TR INING MODULE CONTENTS .EVEL ¢ (ORMS ND SOURCES OF ENERGY .E RNING OUTCOME STUDENTS RE Ã…LE TO DEFINE ENERGY ENERGY CONVERSION SOURCES OF ENERGY DISTINGUISHING Ã…ETWEEN RENEW Ã…LE ND NON RENEW Ã…LE ENERGIES ND C N EXPL IN THEIR EFFICIENCY .EVEL ¢ 'NERGY SOURCES EFFICIENCY ND S VING .E RNING OUTCOME STUDENTS KNOW DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY ND SORT THEM CCORDING TO ENERGY SOURCES ND LSO GET TO KNOW POSSIÃ…ILITIES OF S VING ENERGY Conclusions 6HE M IN RESULT W S THE W RENESS R ISING MONG LL THESE HIGH SCHOOLS STUDENTS REG RDING ENERGY S VINGS 6HE STUDENTS TTENDING THE TR INING WERE TESTED CCORDING TO THE N TION L METHODOLOGY IN ORDER TO ME SURE THEIR CHIEVEMENTS - OF THE STUDENTS C N DISTINGUISH Ã…ETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY - OF THE TR INEES KNOW DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY ND C N SORT THEM INTO ENERGY SOURCES - RE Ã…LE TO IDENTIFY POSSIÃ…ILITIES TO S VE ENERGY #DDITION LLY THE SCHOOLS CONFIRMED THE CONTENT CCORDING TO LEVELS OF THE SUÃ… MODULE ±ENERGY² FITS TO THE GENER L TR INING

4.5.3 Apprenticeship System Roberto Baldo, Valentina Maistrello, Chiara Salatin +N ,UNE (OREM P RT OF 0IUKO THE L RGEST TR INING COMP NY OF THE %ONFINDUSTRI SCHEME P RTICIP TED IN THE (OCUS )ROUP IN &ORTMUND WHERE 6HYSSEN-RUPP5TEEL SH RED ITS SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE IN PPLYING THE )6 8'6 SUST IN Ã…LE MODULE TO ITS PPRENTICES #FTER Ã…EING INCLUDED S SILENT P RTNER IN 0OVEMÃ…ER (OREM THE 4EGION OF 8ENETO ND %ONFINDUSTRI 8ENETO 5+#8 DESIGNED THE #CTION 2L N IN ORDER TO

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 135

TR NSFER THE THREE )REEN 5T R MODULES 'NERGY 9 STE ND .%# WITHIN THE REGION L PPRENTICESHIP TR INING MODULE ±5OCI L ND CIVIC COMPETENCES DV NCED² 6HE IMPLEMENT TION STEPS %OMPLI NCE CHECK Ã…Y THE 4EGION OF 8ENETO 5ELECTION OF THE LEVELS TO Ã…E TESTED CCORDING TO THE TIME SCHEDULE OF THE COURSE (ORM L PPROV L OF THE TESTING Ã…Y THE 4EGION OF 8ENETO +DENTIFIC TION OF THE PPRENTICES GROUP ND SELECTION OF THE TR INER &ELIVERY OF TR INING HOURS +MP CT EV LU TION QUESTIONN IRE Features of the training program 9ITHIN THE HOURS DV NCED COURSE FOR SOCI L ND CIVIC COMPETENCES HOURS IN / Y WERE DEDIC TED RESPECTIVELY TO - 'NERGY .EVELS ND HOURS - 9 STE .EVEL HOURS - .%# .EVEL HOURS 6HE P RTICIP NTS WERE GED YE RS OLD 6HEY WORK FOR INDUSTRI L COMP NIES IN THE 2ROVINCE OF 2 DU PERT INING TO different sectors #S THE PPRENTICESHIP PROGR MME IS GENER L ONE IT W S DEEMED NECESS RY TO INVOLVE COMP NIES NOT EXCLUSIVELY FROM THE UTOMOTIVE CLUSTER 6HE METHODOLOGY USED IS F CE TO F CE SEMIN R INCLUDING SHORT DEÃ… TES MONG P RTICIP NTS ND TR INER 6HE MODULES CONTRIÃ…UTED TO DEVELOP THE COMPETENCE ±6O WORK IN THE COMP NY Ã…Y CONTRIÃ…UTING EFFECTIVELY ND PRO CTIVELY Ã…Y T KING RESPONSIÃ…ILITY ND UTONOMY CCORDING TO THE T SKS ND THE ROLE SSIGNED ² /ORE IN DET IL THE T RGETED KNOWLEDGE - ND SKILLS 5 RE - 4ULES ON THE PROTECTION OF HE LTH ND S FETY IN THE WORKPL CE - - 6YPES OF ORG NIS TION L MODELS - - #DOPT Ã…EH VIOURS TH T PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ND ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN Ã…ILITY IN COMPLI NCE WITH CURRENT REGUL TIONS 5 - +DENTIFY THE ROLES ND THE FUNCTIONS OF COMP NY S ORG NIZ TION 5 #PPRENTICES WERE SKED TO PROVIDE FEEDÃ… CK THROUGH QUESTIONN IRE WHOSE RESULTS RE DESCRIÃ…ED IN CH PTER /OREOVER N INFORM L FEEDÃ… CK W S PROVIDED Ã…Y THE TR INER Conclusions 6HE LOWER LEVELS OF THE MODULES ND RE applicable to a wide range of industrial sectors RE WELL Ã… L NCED IN TERMS OF TIMEFR ME IN ORDER TO R ISE W RENESS Ã…OUT THE CONTENT ND TO FIT WITHIN THE GENER L TR INING PROGR MME 6HE CONTENTS WERE P RTICUL RLY PPRECI TED Ã…OTH FROM PPRENTICES ND THE TR INERS S THEY RE IMMEDI TELY PPLIC Ã…LE ON THE JOÃ… LTHOUGH IMP CT IN THE SHORT ND MEDIUM RUN DEPENDS FROM THE COMP NY ORG NIS TION L H Ã…ITS

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4.6 Impact Evaluation: Implementation

Results

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the

Green

Skills

Alberto Vergani 6HE EV LU TION RESULT PRESENT TION WILL FOCUS ONLY ON EVIDENCES COMING FROM THE #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TIONS ND THEREFORE SEE THE )4''0 56#4 EV LU TION DESIGN IN CH PTER ON )4''0 56#4 MODULES potential IMP CT FOR INSTITUTIONS ND TR INING PROVIDERS Å SED #CTION 2L NS ON THE ONE H ND ND ON IN COMP NY TR INING MODULES EX POST IMP CT FOR COMP NY Å SED #CTION 2L NS +T IS HOWEVER QUITE E SY TO UNDERST ND TH T IN COHERENCE WITH )4''0 56#4 IMS ND OÅJECTIVES THE EV LU TION C RRIED OUT ON #CTION 2L NS IMPLEMENTED IN COMP NIES H S ÅEEN QUITE CH LLENGING ND ITS RESULTS DESERVE MORE TTENTION TH N THOSE CONCERNING #CTION 2L NS IMPLEMENT TION IN INSTITUTIONS ND TR INING PROVIDERS $EGINNING WITH institutions and training providers’ QUESTIONN IRES ON RECIPIENTS potential (perspective) use OF TR INING MODULES CONTENTS THE M IN EVIDENCES FOR THE THREE SUÅ MODULES RE THE FOLLOWING - Energy module WHICH H S ÅEEN DELIVERED ÅY THREE PROVIDERS TWO +T LI N ND ONE 4OM NI N LL IN LL RESPONDENTS /ODULE CONTENTS WERE CONSIDERED new ÅY STUDENTS WHILE EMPLOYED LSO PPRENTICES FFIRMED THEY L RGELY KNEW THEM NYW Y MODULE CONTENTS PPE RED TO ÅE QUITE INTERESTING CLE RLY UNDERSTOOD IN THEIR CORE TOPICS ND SUPPORTED ÅOTH ÅY CLE R PRESENT TIONS ND ÅY RIGHT MODULE DUR TION /ODULE PERSPECTIVE USEFULNESS W S JUDGED ÅOTH ÅY EMPLOYED LSO PPRENTICESHIP ND STUDENTS S M INLY DEPENDING ON INDIVIDU L JOÅS ND RESPONSIÅILITIES ÅUT RESPONDENTS ÅELIEVED CONTENTS WERE IN NY C SE QUITE USEFUL FOR finding JOÅ EVEN IF ±IMPORT NT ÅUT NOT NECESS RY² FOR THEIR PROFESSION L FUTURE - Waste module DELIVERED ÅY ONE PROVIDER +T LI N LL IN LL RESPONDENTS #MONG RESPONDENTS LL OF THEM PPRENTICES THE MODULE CONTENTS WERE R TED S ±MOSTLY already known² ÅUT L RGELY COHERENT WITH THEIR JOÅS ND GENER LLY INTERESTING 6HE MODULE DUR TION W S CONSIDERED ±RIGHT² ND ITS USEFULNESS W S JUDGED S RELEV NT FOR THE PROFESSIONS OCCUP TIONS IN GENER L ÅUT LSO QUITE USEFUL FOR THE CTU L JOÅS OF THE RECIPIENTS IN P RTICUL R 6O M STER MODULE CONTENTS W S ÅELIEVED S GIVING ±in theory COMPETITIVE DV NT GE² COMP RED TO colleagues WHO DID NOT TTEND THE module ÅUT MORE COMP NIES° INTEREST ON MODULE TOPIC IS NEEDED - LCA module DELIVERED ÅY PROVIDERS LL +T LI N LL IN LL RESPONDENTS 6HE MODULE CONTENTS WERE L RGELY NEW ÅOTH FOR STUDENTS ND EMPLOYED THEY H VE ÅEEN GENER LLY JUDGED S interesting ND WITH THE RIGHT DUR TION LTHOUGH FOR EMPLOYED MORE TIME W S NEEDED %ONTENTS PERSPECTIVE USEFULNESS W S R TED G IN S M INLY DEPENDING ON INDIVIDU L JOÅS ÅUT IN GENER L Å SICS KNOWING ÅOUT .%# W S CONSIDERED USEFUL ND QUITE IMPORT NT EVEN IF NOT NECESS RY FOR PROFESSION L FUTURE STUDENTS OR IN THE CTU L WORKING POSITION EMPLOYED 0ONETHELESS Å SICS ON .%# RE

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 137

CONSIDERED TO GIVE ±COMPETITIVE DV NT GE² COMP RED TO colleagues WHO DID NOT TTEND THE module Ã…UT THIS W S LESS true FOR PPRENTICESHIP +N CONCLUSION WH T EMERGES FROM QUESTIONN IRES ON THE PERSPECTIVE USE OF MODULE CONTENTS IS ¢ TRYING TO GENER LISE THE THREE DIFFERENT MODULES ¢ TH T ON THE ONE H ND students TEND TO CONSIDER THE knowledge OF MODULES CONTENTS S IMPORT NT FOR THEIR PROFESSION L FUTURE Ã…UT C NNOT PROVE THIS SSUMPTION WITH reality data COMING FROM DIRECT WORK EXPERIENCE 1N THE OTHER H ND EMPLOYEES° MORE OR LESS POSITIVE OPINION Ã…OUT THE PERSPECTIVE USE OF MODULE CONTENTS L RGELY DEPENDS ON INDIVIDU L JOÃ…S POSITIONS RESPONSIÃ…ILITIES ETC ND ON RESPONDENTS WORKING EXPERIENCES WHICH RE GENER LLY LIMITED FOR PPRENTICES ND PROGRESSIVELY INCRE SE FOR THE OTHER RESPONDING EMPLOYED /OVING NOW TO company-based Action Plan implementation THREE COMP NIES WERE INVOLVED ONE FOR E CH PROJECT COUNTRY SOME COMMON impact EV LU TION EVIDENCES M Y Ã…E HERE SUMM RIZED S ST RTING POINT - 6HE #CTION 2L NS CONTENTS LMOST TOT LLY COINCIDE WITH THE EXCEPTION OF ONE COMP NY WITH THE D PT TION OF THE )6 8'6 TR INING MODULES 9 STE ND 'NERGY OR OF NEW )4''0 56#4 .%# MODULE +N GENER L TR INING MODULES H VE Ã…EEN DELIVERED ¢ WITH DIFFERENT RECIPIENTS COMPOSITION ND QU NTITY IN E CH COMP NY ¢ TO EMPLOYEES WHO Ã…EC USE OF THEIR POSITIONS ND RESPONSIÃ…ILITIES SEEM TO Ã…E Ã…LE TO SUPPORT FOSTER ND F CILIT TE THE #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TION OUTCOMES Ã…OTH FROM INDIVIDU L TO COMP NY LEVEL ND FROM IMMEDI TE TO INTERMEDI TE ND LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE - .ONG TERM OUTCOMES WHICH RE CONSIDERED IN %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSIS PPRO CH S THE real IMP CT OF #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TION PPE R TO Ã…E QUITE SIGNIFIC NT IN TERMS OF M INLY POTENTI L SEE Ã…ELOW PROFILE ND STR TEGIC RELEV NCE LTHOUGH THEIR VERIFIC TION H S Ã…EEN P RTI L Ã…EC USE THE TIME SP N Ã…ETWEEN THE #CTION 2L NS IMPLEMENT TION CONCLUSIONS ND THEIR EV LU TION W S LSO DUE TO )4''0 56#4 CLOSING DE DLINE SHORTER TH N NEEDED - .ONG TERM Ã…UT LSO P RTLY INTERMEDI TE OUTCOMES H VE QUITE DIFFERENT CONTENTS ND PROFILES SEE T Ã…LE Ã…ELOW 6HEY INCLUDE DEPENDING ON E CH #CTION 2L N ND REL TED COMP NY ELEMENTS CONCERNING NOT ONLY TR INING DIRECT RECIPIENTS Ã…UT LSO THE COMP NY LEVEL S WHOLE OR S SPECIFIC UNITS OR DEP RTMENTS 6HE SINGLE COMP NY Ã… L NCE Ã…ETWEEN THESE TWO components M INLY DEPENDS ON THE POSSIÃ…LE INTEGR TION Ã…ETWEEN #CTION 2L N ND OTHER COMP NY Ã… SED INTERVENTIONS LRE DY IMPLEMENTED OR UNDER IMPLEMENT TION WHICH COVER TECHNOLOGIC L ORG NIS TION L OR PROCESS ISSUES ND RE ORIENTED TO THE CHIEVEMENT OF THE S ME #CTION 2L N OUTCOME S - 6HE V RI Ã…LES IN E CH COMP NY INTERVENE Ã…ETWEEN THE #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TION ND ITS OUTCOMES production INCRE SE Ã…Y NUMÃ…ER ND RELEV NCE P SSING FROM IMMEDI TE TO INTERMEDI TE TO LONG TERM OUTCOMES 6HIS TREND COMÃ…INED WITH THE OÃ…SERV TION FOR WHICH #CTION 2L N TR INING MODULES CONTENTS RE GENER LLY INTRODUCTORY ND Ã… SICS LTHOUGH QUITE

4EMEMÃ…ER TH T THE TERM impact IS HERE USED WITHIN THE METHODOLOGIC L FR MEWORK OF THE %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSIS PPRO CH ILLUSTR TED IN CH PTER

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CONSISTENT IN DUR TION FOR LEVELS causes PROGRESSIVE DIMINISHING OF THE TR INING MODULES CONTRIÃ…UTION WHEN P SSING FROM IMMEDI TE TO INTERMEDI TE ND Ã…OVE LL LONG TERM OUTCOMES - 6HE SSUMPTIONS ND RISKS CCOMP NYING E CH #CTION 2L N theory-ofchange SEE Ã…ELOW FOR DET IL RE NOT Ã… N L ND EXPECTED +N F CT THEY de facto MODIFY THROUGH RE DEFINITION ND CRITIC L RE SH PING THE Ã…SOLUTELY LINE R ND DIRECT STRUCTURE TH T T LE ST CONCEPTU LLY REPRESENTS THE results chain WHICH LINKS THE #CTION 2L N OUTPUTS WITH ITS DIFFERENT LEVELS OF OUTCOMES - #LSO E CH #CTION 2L N alternative explanations G IN SEE Ã…ELOW FOR DET ILS IMED T PUTTING UNDER EX MIN TION ND DISCUSSION THE #CTION 2L N SSUMPTIONS DESCRIÃ…ING THE W Y THE #CTION 2L N ITSELF SHOULD OPER TE FOR PRODUCING THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES GIVE EVIDENCE TOGETHER WITH THE LRE DY MENTIONED ±INFLUENCING F CTORS² OF THE HIGH COMPLEXITY CH R CTERISING THE REL TIONSHIP Ã…ETWEEN E CH #CTION 2L N Ã…OTH FOR IMPLEMENT TION ND RESULTS ITS COMP NY CONTEXT ND THE INTERN L ND EXTERN L INTERVENING CTORS ND ST KEHOLDERS SYSTEM 6HE T Ã…LE Ã…ELOW IS CONT INING E CH #CTION 2L N Theory of change ND SPECIFIC LLY THE results chain CH R CTERISING E CH #CTION 2L N +T M KES CLE R FOR E CH COMP NY THE hypothesized LINKS Ã…ETWEEN #CTION 2L N OUTPUTS DERIVING FROM ITS IMPLEMENT TION ND ITS DIFFERENT level OF OUTCOMES WHERE FIN L OR LONG TERM OUTCOMES RE S LRE DY HIGHLIGHTED THOSE WHICH MOSTLY IDENTIFY impacts Outputs

Short-immediate Medium/ interoutcomes mediate outcomes Company A (LCA) %USTOMER°S ORDER +NCRE SE OF Ã…OTH /EETINGS ND CQUISITION Ã…Y THE LESSONS DOCUMENTS COMP NIES ND COMP NY THE CUSTOMER N LYSIS REPORT CUSTOMER IS THE ONE TR INING TTEND NCE EMPLOYEES™ INVOLVED IN THE KNOWLEDGE UNDER COMP NY #CTION 2 N ST NDING OF .%# EMPLOYEES ND METHOD CONTENTS CUSTOMERS° EMPLOYEES EXTERN L ND Ã…ENEFITS CUSTOMER°S CONSULT NTS ND CQUISITION OF TECHNICI NS DOCUMENTED P RTICIP TION EVIDENCES CONCERNING ITS PRODUCT ENVIRONMENT L SUST IN Ã…ILITY

Long-term/ final outcomes 0EW CUSTOMERS ND OR ORDERS CQUISITION ND THEREFORE COMP NY°S TURNOVER°S INCRE SE

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 139

Outputs

Short-immediate Medium/ interoutcomes mediate outcomes Company B (Energy) %ONSOLID TION OF 'NERGY .EVEL MODULE ENERGY CONSUMPTION TR INED EMPLOYEES CONSUMPTION REDUCTION OF .EVEL TR INED REDUCTION Ã…Y EMPLOYEES TR INING /9H EQUIV LENT TO YE R TR INING 'UROS HOURS DELIVERED FOR RECIPIENTS CTIVE S VING WHICH IS E CH MODULE LEVEL CONTRIÃ…UTION IN LEVEL OF S TISF CTION ROUND OF OPTIMISING G S ND TOT L ENERGY COST FOR TR INING ELECTRIC L DUE TO NEW TR INEES SELF CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIC L PERCEIVED LE RNING SOLUTIONS INCRE SE TR INING RECIPIENTS CHIEVEMENTS INCRE SE OF OF TR INING CTIV TION ND RECIPIENTS SKILLS ND INVOLVEMENT IN KNOWLEDGE IN GENER TING NEW ENERGY S VING ND IDE S FOR REDUCING ENERGY EFFICIENT ENERGY W STE USE TR INING RECIPIENTS DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIC L ND PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Long-term/ final outcomes (URTHER CONSOLID TION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION Ã…Y YE R INCRE SE OF EFFICIENCY IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES ND THEREFORE OF GENER L COMP NY COMPETITIVENESS INCRE SE OF COMP NY REVENUE GENER TION C P CITY

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Company C (Waste) +MPROVEMENT IN +NCRE SE OF .EVEL MODULE TR INED EMPLOYEES TR INING RECIPIENTS W STE ELEMENTS CL SSIFIC TION KNOWLEDGE ND .EVEL TR INED INDIVIDU L ND EMPLOYEES NUMÃ…ER UNDERST NDING OF ORG NIS TION UNIT OF TR INING HOURS FOR W STE LEVEL INVOLVEMENT M N GEMENT E CH MODULE LEVEL LEVEL OF S TISF CTION COMPLEXITY ND OF OF TR INED EMPLOYEES LEVELS FOR TR INING TR INEES° ENVIRONMENT L MODULE IN THE IMP CT OF SELF PERCEIVED DEFINITION OF W STE WORKPL CE LE RNING M N GEMENT CTIVITIES LSO T CHIEVEMENTS IMPROVEMENT INDIVIDU L LEVEL CTIONS SUPPORTING DOPTION OF ND INTEGR TING ENVIRONMENT environmental FRIENDLY WORKING technicians WHO PR CTICES T UNTIL NOW H VE INDIVIDU L LEVEL Ã…EEN THE ONLY RESPONSIÃ…LE FOR IMPROVEMENT CTIONS

+MPROVEMENT OF 9 STE 3U LITY #UDIT RESULTS FTER VS Ã…EFORE TR INING REDUCTION DIMINUTION OF SPILL SITU TIONS IN FLUID W STE RE S DIMINUTION OF NO INCORRECTLY L Ã…ELED M TERI LS NUMÃ…ERS IN W STE STOR GE RE S INCRE SE IN W STE M N GEMENT PROPOS LS NUMÃ…ER FROM TR INED EMPLOYEES TO ENVIRONMENT L TECHNICI NS S CONSEQUENCE OF N IMPROVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ND W RENESS Ã…OUT W STE M N GEMENT CORRECTNESS ND COMPLI NCE TO EXISTING NORMS ND REGUL TIONS

Table 20 Outputs and outcomes of the training modules 6HE T Ã…LE HERE Ã…ELOW SHOWS THE MOST IMPORT NT RESULTS OF %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSIS %# PPRO CH PPLIC TION TO THE THREE COMP NY Ã… SED #CTION 2L NS RE PRESENTED 6HE T Ã…LE KEY T Ã…LE FOR #CTION 2L N impact EV LU TION SHOWS ¢ S P RTLY LRE DY INTRODUCED TH T SHORT IMMEDI TE OUTCOMES H VE Ã…EEN L RGELY CHIEVED WITH RELEV NT #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION WHILE INTERMEDI TE ND LONG TERM OUTCOMES H VE Ã…EEN RE CHED Ã…Y ONE #CTION 2L N OR COMP NY ND WITH LOWER S EXPECTED #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION THE OTHER TWO IMPLEMENT TIONS WERE CONCLUDED FROM TOO SHORT TIME FOR SOUND INTERMEDI TE ND LONG TERM OUTCOMES EV LU TION +N F CT time is needed to catch impacts because time is needed to produce them

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 141

Shortimmediate outcomes #CHIEVEMENT #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION

Medium/ intermediate outcomes #CHIEVEMENT #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION

Company B (Energy)

#CHIEVEMENT #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION

Company C (Waste)

#CHIEVEMENT #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION

6R INING MODULE LEVEL DELIVERED Ã…Y LEVEL DELIVERING TO Ã…E CONCLUDED Ã…Y #CHIEVEMENT #CHIEVEMENT TOO #2 TOO E RLY FOR THIS E RLY FOR THIS TYPE IMPLEMENT TI TYPE OF OUTCOME OF OUTCOME ON CONCLUDED #CTION 2L N #2 CONTRIÃ…UTION IN ,ULY CONTRIÃ…UTION 0# 0#

Company A (LCA)

#CHIEVEMENT TOO E RLY FOR THIS TYPE OF OUTCOME #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION 0#

Long-term/ Final outcomes

Notes

#CHIEVEMENT #CTION 2L N #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TI CONTRIÃ…UTION ON CONCLUDED IN / Y #CHIEVEMENT TOO E RLY FOR THIS TYPE OF OUTCOME #CTION 2L N CONTRIÃ…UTION 0#

Table 21 Outcome achievement and Action Plan (AP) contribution 9ITHIN THE IMPLEMENTED EV LU TION PPRO CH SEE CH PTER THE INTERN L tightness OF THE RESULTS CH IN ND THEREFORE THE POSSIÃ…ILITY TH T FOR E CH #CTION 2L N THE ENVIS GED CH IN RE LLY TURNS INTO RE LITY IS ON THE ONE H ND Ã… SED ON SOME SSUMPTIONS WHICH SHOULD M KE THE CH IN sound ND PL USIÃ…LE ND ON THE OTHER H ND IS T THE S ME TIME CH LLENGED Ã…Y RISKS LTERN TIVE EXPL N TIONS ND INFLUENCING F CTORS WHICH M Y interfere WITH THE CH IN OPER TION ND MORE SPECIFIC LLY WITH THE #CTION 2L NS implementation mechanisms PRODUCING THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF OUTCOMES #LL THESE ELEMENTS RE THEREFORE CRUCI L P RTS Ã…OTH OF THE EV LU TION MODEL ND OF ITS PPLIC TION RESULTS $EGINNING WITH assumptions REL TED TO E CH LEVEL OF results chain THEY M Y Ã…E DIVIDED IN THE FOLLOWING GROUPS WE CONSIDER THEM S WHOLE WITHOUT M KING EXPLICIT THE #CTION 2L N THEY REFER TO - #SSUMPTIONS REG RDING TR INING RECIPIENTS MOTIV TIONS INVOLVEMENTS TTITUDES INTERESTS IN translating TR INING CHIEVEMENTS IN WORKING PROCESSES ND CONTEXTS - #SSUMPTIONS REG RDING THE EXISTENCE OF ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS Ã…LE TO SUPPORT THE OUTCOMES PROGRESSIVE GENER TION - #SSUMPTIONS REG RDING THE coherence Ã…ETWEEN TR INING CONTENTS COMP NY°S CONTEXTS ND PROCESSES Ã…OTH GENER L ND SPECIFIC LLY LINKED TO TR INING CONTENTS TR INING RECIPIENTS ROLES ND RESPONSIÃ…ILITIES

(ROM #Ã…SOLUTELY NO TO 6OT LLY (ROM TO

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#SSUMPTIONS REG RDING THE INTEGR TION OF TR INING MODULES WITHIN WIDER COMP NY STR TEGY FOCUSED ON TR INING CONTENTS S WELL - #SSUMPTIONS REG RDING THE POSSIÃ…ILITY TH T E CH OUTCOME LEVEL M Y IN SHORT TIME PRODUCE T NGIÃ…LE EVIDENCES OF ITS Ã…ENEFITS FOR THE COMP NY /OVING TO risks G IN REL TED TO E CH LEVEL OF results chain ND THEREFORE counterbalancing SSUMPTIONS SOME OF THEM IN P RTICUL R THOSE LINKED TO IMMEDI TE ND INTERMEDI TE OUTCOMES CORRESPOND ¢ IN NEG TIVE W Y ¢ TO SSUMPTIONS REG RDING THE NON EXISTENCE OF INDIVIDU L ND OR ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS OR REQUISITES Ã…LE TO SUPPORT THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES production +N DDITION FOR INTERMEDI TE ND LONG TERM OUTCOMES RISKS M Y Ã…E M INLY FOUND IN INTERVENING V RI Ã…LES ND F CTORS EXTERN L TO THE COMP NY THESE F CTORS TYPIC LLY REG RD PUÃ…LIC POLICIES INFLUENCE THE ROLE OF COMPETITORS MODIFIC TIONS IN COMP NY°S PROVISION OR DESTIN TION M RKETS CUSTOMERS° DECISION T KING LOGICS ND TIMINGS +NDIVIDU L ORG NIS TION L ND EXTERN L CONTEXTS LEVELS RE LSO TOGETHER WITH THE POSSIÃ…LE INTERREL TIONS MONG THEM THE places WHERE alternative TO THE PROPOSED results chain explanations FOR THE OUTCOMES PRODUCTION M Y Ã…E FOUND 6HESE alternative explanations REFER TO ELEMENTS OTHER TH N THE #CTION 2L NS ND THEREFORE OTHER TH N TR INING MODULES WHICH M Y H VE caused OR co-caused THE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES (OR THIS RE SON LL THE IDENTIFIED EXPL N TIONS THEIR IDENTIFIC TION Ã…EING CRUCI L P RT OF THE %ONTRIÃ…UTION #N LYSIS PPRO CH RE FOCUSED ON ELEMENTS WHICH RE RELEV NT FOR THE OUTCOME PRODUCTION Ã…UT RE FOR )4''0 56#4 DIFFERENT FROM TR INING CONTENTS 'X MPLES OF SUCH ELEMENTS WHICH STRICTLY DEPENDS ON MODULES TOPICS RE THE FOLLOWING #LRE DY INTRODUCED OR Ã…EING UNDER INTRODUCTION TECHNIC L ND PROCESS INNOV TIONS PRODUCE ENERGY S VING EFFECTS WHOSE ENTITY DO NOT DEPEND ON EMPLOYEES SKILLS ND KNOWLEDGE FOR ENERGY MODULE TR INING RECIPIENTS™ PROFESSION L Ã… CKGROUNDS LRE DY INCLUDE ENERGY S VING ND EFFICIENCY SKILLS FOR ENERGY MODULE FIN L ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION IS PRODUCED Ã…Y TECHNOLOGY ND OR PROCESS INNOV TIONS ONLY FOR ENERGY MODULE TR INING RECIPIENTS OF .%# USE SKILLS COMING FROM THEIR DIRECT CO OPER TION WITH EMPLOYEES WHO LRE DY USE .%# OR FROM INDIVIDU L STUDIES FOR .%# MODULE CUSTOMERS° ORDERS DO NOT INCLUDE .%# RESULTS IN THEIR DECISION M KING PROCESSES .%# MODULE N TION L OR '7 LEVEL OÃ…LIG TIONS IN USING Ã…IOM TERI LS necessarily Ã…RING NEW CUSTOMERS .%# MODULE EVERY D Y WORK WITH EXPERIENCED ND ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIÃ…LE COLLE GUES DEVELOPS CORRECT W STE M N GEMENT KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS W STE MODULE N INCRE SE IN M N GEMENT ND SUPERVISORS CONTROL ON W STE M N GEMENT PROVOKES CORRECT Ã…EH VIOURS ND PR CTICES IN blue collars W STE MODULE RISKS OF Ã…EING FINED OR H VING Ã…EEN FINED FOR INCORRECT W STE M N GEMENT PRODUCES MORE SEVERE COMP NY INTERN L REGUL TIONS ND MONITORING W STE MODULE 6HESE alternative explanations RE OÃ…VIOUSLY LINKED WITH THE #CTION 2L NS implementation mechanisms IMED T PRODUCING THE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES .OOKING FOR COMMON SYNTHESIS TO THE THREE #CTION 2L NS THESE MECH NISMS WERE THE FOLLOWING - TR INING MODULES P RTICIP TION WITH DIFFERENCES IN DEPTH FOR LEVELS ND TR INEES ND FOR TR INEES PROFILE ND COMP NY role DEVELOPS IN RECIPIENTS M INLY COMP NY°S EMPLOYEES Ã…UT LSO IN ONE COMP NY

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 143

EXTERN L SUÅJECTS SUCH S CUSTOMERS SPECIFIC LE RNING CHIEVEMENT ND OR W RENESS CONCERNING THE MODULE™S M IN TOPICS - FTER TR INING EMPLOYEES ESPECI LLY THOSE INVOLVED IN LEVELS MODULES IMPLEMENT WORKING ÅEH VIOURS ND PR CTICES COHERENT WITH TR INING CONTENTS ND ÅLE TO POSITIVELY INTEGR TE WITH OTHER COMP NY POLICIES ND OR INTERVENTIONS FOCUSED ON THE S ME ISSUES IN LTERN TIVE FTER TR INING TR INING RECIPIENTS RE SIMPLY ÅETTER INFORMED OR W RE ÅOUT SPECIFIC SPECTS DEVELOPED IN THE MODULE - FTER ÅEING TR INED EMPLOYEES OR OTHERS ÅEH VE OR OPER TE IN W Y COHERENT WITH TR INING CONTENTS NUMÅER OF M INLY ORG NIS TION Å SED POSITIVE OUTCOMES REL TED TO TR INING TOPICS OCCUR REL TED TO W STE M N GEMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION ND .%# FOR DET IL SEE ÅOVE THESE positive OUTCOMES #CTION 2L N IMPLEMENT TION MECH NISMS ND THE LTERN TIVE EXPL N TIONS ÅOVE RE ÅOTH CONDITIONED ÅY SOME influencing factors WHICH P RTLY LOOK LIKE THE risks LRE DY ILLUSTR TED ND P RTLY RE original 6HESE INFLUENCING F CTORS EMERGED FROM THE field M Y G IN ÅE GROUPED IN INDIVIDU L COMP NY OR SPECIFIC internal UNIT OR DIVISIONS PROCESSES TECHNOLOGIES PRODUCTS OR SERVICES CONTEXTS EXTERN L POLICIES M RKETS COMPETITORS CULTUR L PROCESSES ND REL TION L LEVEL F CTORS +N CONCLUSION THE T ÅLE ÅELOW TRIES TO KEEP TOGETHER THE THREE V RI ÅLES WHICH PL YED THE evaluation game ND ITS M IN RESULTS PRESENTED #CTION 2L N OWNERSHIP TR INING PROVIDER N INSTITUTION COMP NY )6 8'6 OR NEW TR INING MODULES GENER L OÅJECTIVES SKILLING RE SKILLING OR UP SKILLING 2ROGRESSIVE LEVELS OF #CTION 2L N REL TED EXPECTED ND CTU L OUTCOMES Kind of skilling Training providers Institutions Companies

5KILLING OR RE SKILLING 5KILLING OR RE SKILLING 7P SKILLING

Immediate outcomes

Intermediate outcomes

Long-term outcomes

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

%ONSIDERING THE TWO OUTCOMES IMP CT EV LU TION logics WHICH H VE Ã…EEN USED IN GREEN STAR IT M Y Ã…E CONCLUDED TH T - THE OUTCOME EV LU TION WHICH COVERED TR INING PROVIDERS ND INSTITUTIONS Ã… SED #CTION 2L NS INCLUDED LL THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES LTHOUGH WITH SOME DIFFERENCES Ã…ETWEEN TR INING PROVIDERS ND INSTITUTIONS Ã…UT EVIDENCES Ã…EING Ã… SED ON RECIPIENTS SELF PERCEPTIONS RE QUITE P RTI L ND INCOMPLETE - THE OUTCOMES EV LU TION REFERRED TO COMP NY Ã… SED #CTION 2L NS SHOWED NOT ONLY Ã…EC USE OF THE PROJECT TIME CONSTR INTS CONCENTR TION OF #CTION 2L N REL TED OUTCOMES ON IMMEDI TE ND INTERMEDI TE TERMS Ã…UT WITH EVIDENCES COMING FROM QUITE SOUND EV LU TION PROCESS

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References Literature review (references of chapter 4.1) #UTOMOTIVE #USTR LI ## RO DM P PROJECT HTTP WWW UTOCRC COM Ã…OUT 2H L 4 Foresight Vehicle technology roadmap–technology and research directions for future road vehicles 7- &EP RTMENT OF 6R DE ND +NDUSTRY 740 .ONDON WWW IFM ENG C M C UK UPLO DS 4ESE RCH %6/ 4O DM PPING FORESIGHT AVEHICLEAV PDF Å V þ 8 ET L Innovation Trends and Challenges and Cooperation Possibilities with R&D in Automotive Industry #%55' #UTOMOTIVE %LUSTER 6RN V WWW UTOCLUSTERS EU 5TR TM NN ) &IMITROV ) EDITED Ã…Y Automotive clustering in Europe: case studies on cluster management and development *# *ESSEN #GENTUR 'UROPzISCHER 9IRTSCH FTS 8ERL G & RMST DT WWW UTOMOTIVECLUSTER ORG LINK Ã…LEÃ…LOÃ… D A UTOMOTIVE DOWNLO DSACH NNEL D T #UTOMOTIVEA%LUSTERINGAINA'UROPE D T PDF #NDERSSON 6 5CHW G 5ERGER 5 5†RVIK , 9ISE ' The Cluster Policies Whitebook +-'& +NTERN TION L 1RG NIS TION FOR -NOWLEDGE 'CONOMY ND 'NTERPRISE &EVELOPMENT / LM† UP LUÃ… LU SE LUUR DOWNLO D FUNC!DOWNLO D(ILE RECORD1+D! FILE 1+D! ,OHN % * 2OUDER 4 9 ±6ECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS VERSUS INDUSTRY CLUSTERS RESOURCES NETWORKS ND REGION L DV NT GES² Growth and Change VOL 37 PP ONLINELIÃ…R RY WILEY COM DOI J X PDF 1'%& OECD Proceedings Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach 1'%& 2UÃ…LIC TION 5ERVICE 2 RIS WWW OECD ORG SCIENCE INNO Ã…OOSTINGINNOV TIONTHECLUSTER PPRO CH HTM 5LOVELL 1 .INDQVIST ) -ETELS % The Cluster Initiative Green Book, 5TOCKHOLM ND .INDQVIST ) -ETELS % 5†LVELL n The Cluster Initiative Greenbook 2.0 +VORY 6OWER 2UÃ…LISHERS 5TOCKHOLM WWW HSE RU D T )REENÃ…OOK5EP PDF 5CHEER ) ND VON < LLINGER . Cluster management: a practical guide. Part A overview &EUTSCHE )ESELLSCH FT F‹R 6ECHNISCHE <US MMEN RÃ…EIT )6< 'SCHÃ…ORN WWW GTZ DE DOKUMENTE Ã…IÃ… PDF 8ELOSO ( ND -UM R 4 ±6HE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CH IN )LOÃ… L TRENDS ND #SI N PERSPECTIVES² ERD Working paper series no. 3 #SI N &EVELOPMENT $ NK REPOSITORY CMU EDU CGI VIEWCONTENT CGI RTICLE! CONTEXT!EPP :I ; ND .I 2ING 6 NG 6 ±5UST IN Ã…ILITY IN SUPPLY CH IN M N GEMENT SUGGESTIONS FOR THE UTO INDUSTRY² Management Decision N PP WWW EMER LDINSIGHT COM JOURN LS HTM RTICLEID! +R JPOUR # * JIMIRZ / )OLSEFID #L VI / 5OLEIM NI 0EZH D 0 ±'V LU TION OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE CRITERI IN GREEN SUPPLY CH IN

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 145

M N GEMENT IN UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES USING (UZZY &EM TEL METHOD² Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research N HTTPS WWW C DEMI EDU &6+ Driving force. Success and Sustainability in the UK Automotive Industry &EP RTMENT OF 6R DE ND +NDUSTRY WWW DTI GOV UK */ )OVERNMENT ND #UTOMOTIVE COUNCIL 7-, Driving success - a strategy for growth and sustainability in the UK automotive sector, &EP RTMENT FOR $USINESS +NNOV TION ND 5KILLS .ONDON WWW GOV UK GOVERNMENT UPLO DS SYSTEM UPLO DS TT CHMENTAD T FILE DRIVING SUCCESS UK UTOMOTIVE STR TEGY FOR GROWTH ND SUST IN Ã…ILITY PDF &RIVING %H NGE PROJECT Driving Workforce Change: Regional Impact and Implications of the Auto Industry Transformation to a Green Economy WWW DRIVINGWORKFORCECH NGE ORG 0UNES $ ND $ENNETT & ±)REEN OPER TIONS INITI TIVES IN THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY #N ENVIRONMENT L REPORTS N LYSIS ND Ã…ENCHM RKING STUDY² Benchmarking: An International Journal N PP HTTP WWW EMER LDINSIGHT COM DOI PDFPLUS 5TRIETSK +LIN 1 *OFM NN % * RO / & ,EON 5 Skills for green jobs: a global view: synthesis report based on 21 country studies +NTERN TION L . Ã…OUR 1FFICE 5KILLS ND 'MPLOY Ã…ILITY &EP RTMENT ,OÃ… %RE TION ND 'NTERPRISE &EVELOPMENT &EP RTMENT, )ENEV HTTP WWW ILO ORG WCMSP GROUPS PUÃ…LIC DGREPORTS DCOMM PUÃ…L DO CUMENTS PUÃ…LIC TION WCMSA PDF %'&'(12 Future skill needs for the green economy 2UÃ…LIC TIONS 1FFICE OF THE 'UROPE N 7NION .UXEMÃ…OURG HTTP WWW CEDEFOP EUROP EU '0 PUÃ…LIC TIONS SPX 6 ISCH / % SSIN , % MM RINO $ 6ERZI 5 &UQUE 0 % NN T # ET L Roadmap on innovation, competence development and education +/5 PROJECT REPORT D T FIR DE PROJEKTSEITEN IMS FILES +/5 A#CTION 4O DM PA-#6 PDF $EVIS - ±6HE CH LLENGES FOR SUST IN Ã…LE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN THE 7 UTOMOTIVE SUPPLY SECTOR 2OLICY ND IMPLEMENT TION² Management Research Review N PP UHR HERTS C UK Ã…ITSTRE M H NDLE PDF SEQUENCE! 0 TION L 5KILL &EVELOPMENT %ORPOR TION Human resource and skill requirements in the auto and auto component industry: study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022 05&% 0EW &ELHI HTTP RUN FOUND TION IN REPORT PDF 1K D # ±5KILLS DEVELOPMENT ND INTERFIRM LE RNING LINK GES UNDER GLOÃ… LIZ TION .ESSONS FROM THE +NDI N UTOMOÃ…ILE INDUSTRY² World Development VOL N PP WWW SCIENCEDIRECT COM SCIENCE RTICLE PII 5 : 5UDSOMÃ…OON 9 ±%ONSTRUCTION OF COMPETENCY Ã… SED CURRICULUM CONTENT FR MEWORK FOR MECH NIC L TECHNOLOGY EDUC TION PROGR M ON UTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY SUÃ…JECTS² Proceedings of the ICASE Asian

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Symposium 2007 (Pattaya, Thailand), WWW KMUTT C TH RIPPC PDF Ă…S PDF .ORENTZEN , ND ) STROW / Âą/ULTIN TION L STR TEGIES LOC L HUM N C PIT L ND GLOĂ… L INNOV TION NETWORKS IN THE UTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY² project IngineusÍ• PP WWW LEM SSSUP IT 92.EM DOCUMENTS P PERSA'/#'' LORENTZEN PDF (ELOY / &5OUZ 4 ,ONES 4 $ YLISS / Technology and skills in the aerospace and automotive industries Evidence Report 76 7-%'5 .ONDON WWW GOV UK GOVERNMENT UPLO DS SYSTEM UPLO DS TT CHMENTAD T FILE EVIDENCE REPORT EROSP CE ND UTOMOTIVE EXEC SUMM PDF )REEN # ND . ' / RTINEZ 5OL NO Âą.EVER GING 6R INING 5KILLS &EVELOPMENT IN 5/'S #N #N LYSIS OF THE 9EST /IDL NDS 'NGL ND 7-² OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers Series WWW OECD ORG REGION L LEED PDF Further references: $IGGS , ( RRELL . . WRENCE ) ,OHNSON , A practical example of contribution analysis to a public health intervention 'V LU TION ,OURN L VOL NO PP $RESCHI 5 / LERĂ… ( Clusters, networks and innovation, 1XFORD 7NIVERSITY 2RESS 1XFORD &ICKEN 2 Global production networks in Europe and East Asia : the automobile components industries )20 9ORKING 2 PER 7NIVERSITY OF / NCHESTER 'NRIGHT / Regional clusters and firm strategy 6HE &YN MIC (IRM: 6HE 4OLE OF 6ECHNOLOGY 1RG NIS TION ND 4EGIONS EDITED Ă…Y # & %H NDLER 2 * GSTROM 1 5OLVELL HTTP WWW CITEULIKE ORG GROUP UTHOR 'NRIGHT / '3#8'6 21.+%; 016' Learning from Sectoral Approaches to Quality Assurance of Work-based learning partnerships & the role of quality assurance 'DITION IN HTTP WWW ER SMUSPLUS IT FILE A2OLICYANOTEA'3#8'65YMPOSIUM PDF * MDOUCH # Conceptualizing innovation clusters and networks SSRN 1261972, , COĂ…S & &E / N # 2 Clusters, industrial policy and firm strategy, 6ECHNOLOGY #N LYSIS 5TR TEGIC / N GEMENT N PP .EITCH 4EVIEW OF 5KILLS Prosperity for all in the global economy - world class skills. Final Report %ROWN COPYRIGHT EDITION IN HM TRE SURY GOV UK LEITCH / YNE , Addressing attribution through contribution analysis: using performance measures sensibly &ISCUSSION P PER OF THE 1FFICE OF THE #UDITOR )ENER L OF % N D HTTP WWW O G Ă…VG GC C INTERNET DOCS DP AE PDF / YNE , Contribution Analysis: Addressing Cause and Effect 'V LU TING THE %OMPLEX #TTRIĂ…UTION %ONTRIĂ…UTION ND Ă…EYOND %OMP R TIVE 2OLICY 'V LU TION N

GREEN STAR Approach and Modules 147

/†HRING , Clusters: Definition and Methodology $USINESS %LUSTERS 2ROMOTING 'NTERPRISE IN %ENTR L ND ' STERN 'UROPE 1'%& 2UÅLISHING HTTP DX DOI ORG EN 2ORTER / ' Clusters and Competition: New Agendas for Companies, Governments, and Institutions * RV RD $USINESS 5CHOOL 9ORKING 2 PER N EDITION 'UROPE N COMMISSION IN HTTP CITESEERX IST PSU EDU VIEWDOC DOWNLO D DOI! REP!REP T YPE!PDF 5TERN ' 5T ME 0 / YNE , (ORSS - & VIES 4 $EF NI $ Broadening the Range of Design and Methods for Impact Evaluations. Report of a Study commissioned by the Department of International Development &'2#46/'06 (14 +06'40#6+10#. &'8'.12/'06 9ORKING 2 PER, N P

5 Green Skills: Future Relevance and Policy Recommendations

Gabriella Bettiol, Chiara Salatin, Tommaso Grimaldi, Giulia Meschino, Antonius Schrรถder +T IS WIDELY RECOGNISED TH T THE OPENING TO GREEN ECONOMY WOULD LE D TO NEW FRONTIERS IN L ร OUR M RKETS HIGHLIGHTING THE GRE T GROWTH PROSPECTS ND THE POSSIร ILITY OF ECO 'UROPE ร ECOMING WORLD LE DER IN THE INDUSTRY SECTOR CONSEQUENTLY CRE TING OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW JOร S OF QU LITY 6HE 2 RLI MENT ON &ECEMร ER IN ITS RESOLUTION 'CO INNOV TION ND JOร S GROWTH THROUGH ENVIRONMENT L POLICY PROPOSED SPECI L RECOMMEND TIONS FOR SOCI LLY RESPONSIร LE TR NSITION TOW RDS HIGH QU LITY GREEN JOร S /EMร ER 5T TES SHOULD M KE USE OF THE 'UROPE N 5OCI L (UND FOR PROGR MMES IMED T UP SKILLING TR INING ND RETR INING EMPLOYEES 6HE %OMMISSION ND THE /EMร ER 5T TES RE INVITED TO INTENSIFY THEIR CTIONS FOR THE FULL IMPLEMENT TION OF THE PROPOS L IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 5TR TEGY ND TO ร UILD COMMON VISION ON THE DIFFERENT STR TEGIC OPPORTUNITIES TH T ECO INNOV TION PROVIDES FOR THE FUTURE #T N TION L LEVEL /EMร ER 5T TES RE DVISED TO DEVELOP STR TEGIES TO LIGN THE SKILLS OF THE WORKFORCE WITH THE OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED ร Y THE SECTOR OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 6HIS IS ร Y EX MINING THE DIFFERENT SUร SECTORS ND THEIR NEEDS FOR SKILLED L ร OUR RECOMMENDING PROMOTION OF THE CRE TIVE ND INNOV TIVE POTENTI L OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CONTRIร UTE SUST IN ร LE DEVELOPMENT ND IMPROVING THEIR CCESS TO FIN NCE %OOPER TION ร ETWEEN /INISTRIES ND POLITICS T NY LEVEL IS ENCOUR GED LSO TO PERIODIC LLY MONITOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF RELEV NT POLICIES ND TO SUPPORT REGION L P RTNERSHIPS FOR GROWTH INNOV TION EMPLOYMENT ND EQU L OPPORTUNITIES ร ETWEEN WOMEN ND MEN S WELL S CROSS ร ORDER INITI TIVES 6HE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION SUPPORTS PL N OF CTION INVOKING GREEN 5/'S ร OUT THE POSSIร ILITIES OF GROWTH ND THE REDUCTION OF PRODUCTION COSTS FROM THE TR NSITION TOW RDS GREEN ND RESOURCE ENERGY EFFICIENT ECONOMY 'UROPE N %OMMISSION +T L YS DOWN SET OF Oร JECTIVES ND INITI TIVES T KING INTO CCOUNT THE RESULTS Oร T INED FROM THE PUร LIC CONSULT TION )REEN #CTION 2L N HELD IN THE FOURTH SEMESTER OF TO ร E IMPLEMENTED T 'UROPE N LEVEL UNDER THE MULTI NNU L FIN NCI L FR MEWORK 6HE )REEN #CTION 2L N FOR 5/'S

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PROPOSES TO EXPLOIT THE Ã…USINESS OPPORTUNITIES TH T THE TR NSITION TO GREEN ECONOMY OFFERS Ã…Y IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY ND DRIVING DOWN COSTS IN 'UROPE N 5/'S THROUGH RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 2RIORITY IS GIVEN TO THE CRE TION OF N ECONOMY Ã… SED ON KNOWLEDGE ND INNOV TION IT SHOULD Ã…E MORE RESOURCE EFFICIENT GREENER ND MORE COMPETITIVE ND CONDUCIVE TO SOCI L ND TERRITORI L COHESION THROUGH THE CHIEVEMENT OF HIGH OCCUP NCY R TE 6HESE DEVELOPMENT INITI TIVES INTRODUCE NEW SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC GROWTH Ã… SED ON REDUCED USE OF M TERI LS ND THE REUSE ±CIRCUL R ECONOMY² GR DU LLY REPL CING THEIR PREVIOUS MODEL Ã… SED ON THE T KE M KE CONSUME ND DISPOSE 6HE MÃ…ITIOUS PROGR M SUGGESTED Ã…Y THE %OMMISSION SHOWS SIGNIFIC NT POTENTI L FOR CRE TING NEW JOÃ…S IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEW Ã…LE SOURCES ENERGY EFFICIENCY W STE ND W TER M N GEMENT IR QU LITY RESTORING ND PRESERVING Ã…IODIVERSITY CLIM TE CH NGE D PT TION ND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN INFR STRUCTURE 6HE %OMMISSION PROVIDES NUMÃ…ER OF TOOLS TO EN Ã…LE 5/'S TO INITI TE SMOOTH TR NSITION TO THE GREEN M RKET OFFERING TOOLS OF SUPPORT T Ã…OTH N TION L ND 'UROPE N LEVEL +T ENCOUR GES 2ROVISION OF 'UROPE N 5/'S PR CTIC L INFORM TION DVICE ND SUPPORT ON HOW TO STRE MLINE ITS M N GEMENT WITH F VOUR Ã…LE COST Ã…ENEFIT R TIO 2ROMOTION OF EFFICIENT MECH NISMS OF TR NSFER OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY ( CILIT TION OF CCESS TO FIN NCE IN ORDER TO CHIEVE IMPROVEMENTS IN REL TION TO THE RESOURCES ND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN 5/'S &O THESE KINDS OF PROMOTION LRE DY SUPPORT THE )4''0 56#4 PPRO CH 6HE FOLLOWING ISSUES RE LSO GROUND FOR THE PROJECT CTIVITIES 2ROMOTION OF LL FORMS OF ECO INNOV TION INCLUDING ±ECO INNOV TION NOT TECHNOLOGIC L² 2ROMOTION OF P RTNERSHIPS Ã…ETWEEN Ã…USINESSES KNOWLEDGE ND SKILLS FOR GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP $ETTER USE OF THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS IN SUPPORT OF ECO INNOV TIVE 5/'S 6HE 'UROPE N %OMMISSION ST TES TH T CTION Ã…Y THE '7 SHOULD FOCUS ITS TTENTION ON COMPETENCY G PS TO Ã…E FILLED ON THE NTICIP TION OF CH NGE ON THE TR NS CTION ND PROMOTION OF MOÃ…ILITY ON THE INCENTIVE TO CRE TE NEW JOÃ…S ND FIN LLY ON INCRE SING THE QU LITY OF THE D T THROUGH 1VERCOMING SYSTEMIC OÃ…ST CLES TH T HINDER COLL Ã…OR TION IN THE V LUE CH IN Ã…ETWEEN SECTORS ND Ã…ETWEEN COUNTRIES ND Ã…USINESS ST RT UP ND COOPER TION Ã…ETWEEN THEM F CILIT TING THE CRE TION OF MODELS OF SERVICE Ã…USINESSES ND THE REUSE OF M TERI LS PRODUCTS ND W STE 2ROMOTION OF INTERSECTION L COLL Ã…OR TION IN ORDER TO PROMOTE CIRCUL R ECONOMY 2ROMOTION OF GREENER 'UROPE N INTERN L M RKET ( CILIT TING CCESS TO INTERN TION L M RKETS Ã…Y GREEN ENTREPRENEURS 2ROMOTING THE DOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFICIENT RESOURCE M N GEMENT IN P RTNER COUNTRIES THROUGH COOPER TION WITH 'UROPE N 5/'S 6HE 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE ''5% H S ISSUED ITS OPINION IN RESPONSE TO THE %OMMISSION™S COMMUNIC TION WHICH EXPRESSES THE

Green Skills: Future Relevance and Policy Recommendations 151

COMMITMENT TO TR NSFORM THE IDE OF circular economy INTO RE LITY IN ORDER TO ELIMIN TE W STE 6HE %OMMITTEE CONFIRMING THE DV NT GES RESULTING FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ECONOMY ND THE IMPORT NT GO LS OF 5TR TEGY TH T C N ÅE CHIEVED THROUGH IT PUTS THE FOCUS ON THE REL TIONSHIP ÅETWEEN THE VISION OF PUÅLIC ND PRIV TE ENTITIES DV NCING THE IDE OF CONSENSU L TR NS CTION IN THE TR NSITION TO CIRCUL R ECONOMY THROUGH COHERENT ND EFFECTIVE POLICIES T 'UROPE N N TION L ND REGION L LEVEL ND WITH THE INVOLVEMENT OF LL OF CIVIL SOCIETY 6HE %OMMITTEE SUPPORTS THE PROPOS LS OF THE #CTION 2L N FOR GREEN 5/'S ND GREEN INITI TIVES TO SUPPORT EMPLOYMENT ND C LLS FOR THE IMPLEMENT TION OF CONCRETE ME SURES ND GUIDELINES TO SUPPORT 5/'S TO ÅECOME MORE SUST IN ÅLE ND ENVIRONMENT LLY FRIENDLY IDENTIFYING THE CHIEVEMENT OF THIS INNOV TION F CILIT TED ÅY THE '7 PPLIC TION OF PREDETERMINED CRITERI IN IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC RE S OF CTION 6HE %OMMITTEE RECOGNISES PRIM RY ROLE IN EDUC TION ND TR INING S PREREQUISITE FOR L STING INTER CTION WITH THE WORLD OF WORK ND ÅUSINESS OFFERING THE PROVISION OF SSIST NCE ND TUTORING TO MICRO SM LL ND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES THROUGH NETWORKS ND CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE ND THE FUNDING ND SUPPORT FOR TR INING WHICH WOULD LLOW HIGHER GROWTH IN N TION L ND INTERN TION L M RKETS # KEY ELEMENT OF THE ME SURES PROPOSED IN GREEN SKILLS W S THE FUNDS M DE V IL ÅLE ÅY THE '7 IN THE V RIOUS SECTORS ND HOW THEIR USE C N ÅE M DE EFFICIENT ND SPECIFIC LLY IMED T THE CRE TION OF SUCH T RGETS 0 TION L POLICIES WOULD H VE THE T SK OF M KING THE LE RNING OF THIS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMIC LLY CCESSIÅLE TO THE SUÅJECTS LRE DY ENTERED THE WORLD OF WORK ÅOTH FOR THE STUDENTS ENCOUR GING THEM TO UNDERT KE THE STUDY OF DISCIPLINES TH T C N PROVIDE THEM WITH HIGH LEVEL SKILLS ON REDUCING EMISSIONS OF C RÅON DIOXIDE 6HE )4''0 56#4 PPRO CH IS EVIDENTLY Å SED ON THE 'UROPE N POLICIES ND STR TEGIES DESCRIÅED PREVIOUSLY )4''0 56#4 GIVES TTENTION TO THE 5/' CLUSTER ND V LUE CH IN REL TED IMPROVEMENT OF GREEN SKILLS Å SED IN REGION L DEVELOPMENT OF HUM N RESOURCES WITHIN P RTNERSHIP ÅETWEEN COMP NIES PUÅLIC UTHORITIES EDUC TION L ND VOC TION L INSTITUTIONS S WELL S RESE RCH INSTITUTIONS 6 KING INTO CCOUNT THE )6 8'6 TR INING MODULE ND INTEGR TING THE KNOWHOW OF ITS M IN CTORS )4''0 56#4 TURNED OUT TO ÅE RESPECT ÅLE PR CTICE EX MPLE FOR CROSS SECTOR L COOPER TION ON GREEN SKILLS 6HE OÅT INED RESULTS GIVE EVIDENCE TO THE Å SIC 'UROPE N ORIENT TION ND THE )4''0 56#4 PROJECT PPRO CH 6HE )6 8'6 TR INING MODULE W S D PTED ENERGY SUÅMODULE MODIFIED W STE SUÅMODULE ND COMPLETED .%# SUÅMODULE TO FULFIL THE DEM NDS OF THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY 9ITHIN THIS FURTHER DEVELOPMENT THE TR NSFER W S CONDUCTED FROM ÅIG COMP NY TR INING MODULE TO 5/'S ND THEIR REGION L CLUSTERS FROM THE STEEL INDUSTRY TO THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY ND FROM MECH NIC L ND ELECTRIC L M INTEN NCE OCCUP TIONS TO HETEROGENEOUS OTHER PROFESSIONS )4''0 56#4 SHOWED ON THE ONE H ND THE NECESSITY OF THE ÅEST V IL ÅLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENERGY REDUCTION THE IMPORT NCE OF ÅIODEGR D ÅLE M TERI LS ÅUT LSO ON THE OTHER H ND TH T THIS H S TO GO CONJOINTLY WITH HUM N RESOURCES IMPROVEMENT OF GREEN SKILLS ND THE W RENESS OF GREEN PRODUCTION ND ÅEH VIOUR 6HIS EMÅEDS LSO THE INVOLVEMENT

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OF THE CUSTOMERS ND THEIR PURCH SE DECISIONS ÅY IMPROVING THEIR GREEN W RENESS S SHOWED ÅY THE #CTION 2L N OF #2+ /OREOVER THE PPLIC TION OF THE GREEN CONTENT TO THE WHOLE LE RNING CH IN SCHOOL PPRENTICESHIP ¢ HIGHER TECHNIC L EDUC TION ¢ CONTINUOUS TR INING ¢ COMP NY W S P RTICUL RLY RELEV NT IN +T LY WHERE MOST OF THE CONTENT TO ENH NCE GREEN SKILLS WHERE ÅEFORE SIMPLY NOT INCLUDED IN PPRENTICES TR INING PROGR MMES NOR IN CONTINUOUS TR INING FOR SM LL COMP NIES 6HE INTEGR TION OF THESE CONTENTS IN THE LE RNING CH IN ENSURES NTICIP TING FUTURE SKILLS REQUIREMENTS ND IT LSO FOSTERS COOPER TION MONG DIFFERENT ST KEHOLDERS WITHIN THE CH IN 6HE USE OF )6 8'6 PPRO CH WHERE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONTENT CORRESPOND TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMPETENCES W S P RTICUL RLY LSO EFFECTIVE IN E CH OF THE )4''0 56#4 #CTION 2L NS CONSIDERED (IN LLY VERY POSITIVE RESULT IS REPRESENTED ÅY THE V LID TION OF THE SUÅMODULES CONTENT ND PPRO CH LSO IN CLUSTERS ND INDUSTRIES NOT DIRECTLY PERT INING TO THE UTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS THEREFORE IT IS OPENING THE PPLIC TION OF OUTCOMES TO WIDER R NGE OF SECTORS #G INST THIS Å CKGROUND THE )4''0 56#4 EXPERIENCE FOSTERS ND UNDERLINES THE FOLLOWING M INLY EXISTING POLICY RECOMMEND TIONS - 6HE RELEV NCE OF CROSS SECTOR COOPER TION ÅETWEEN ÅIG COMP NIES ND 5/'S - 6HE RELEV NCE OF REGION L CLUSTERS ND P RTNERSHIPS WITHIN ND ÅEYOND SINGLE INDUSTRY SECTOR CLUSTERS NOT ONLY IN FORM OF THE SO C LLED 6RIPLE *ELIX PUÅLIC UTHORITIES COMP NIES RESE RCH INSTITUTIONS ÅUT LSO ÅY INTEGR TING THE CUSTOMERS CIVIL SOCIETY IN COMMON SOCI L INNOV TION PROCESS ND ECO SYSTEM - 6HE GIVEN POSSIÅILITY ND DDED V LUE OF TR NSFER OF INNOV TION PROCESSES FROM )6 8'6 TO )4''0 56#4 - 6HE NEED TO COMÅINE TECHNOLOGIC L IMPROVEMENT FOR GREENER PRODUCTION PROCESSES ND PRODUCTS WITH HUM N RESOURCES IMPROVEMENT OF GREEN SKILLS - 6HE NEED TO INVOLVE COMMITTED CONCERNED ND C P ÅLE ST KEHOLDERS COHERENTLY WITH THE OÅJECTIVES IN ORDER TO CHIEVE IMP CT RESULTS 6HEREFORE NOT ONLY DIRECT T RGET GROUPS E G COMP NIES SH LL ÅE IMPLIC TED ÅUT LSO ST KEHOLDERS OF THE LE RNING CH IN SCHOOLS PPRENTICESHIP INSTITUTIONS - 6HE RELEV NCE OF THE WORK Å SED LE RNING PPRO CH TO F CILIT TE THE TR NSFER OF KNOWLEDGE IMMEDI TELY PPLIC ÅLE TO PRODUCTION PROCESSES $ SED ON THE RESULTS OF )4''0 56#4 ND THE PERSON L EXPERIENCE OF THE INVOLVED PROJECT P RTNERS THE UTHORS UNDERLINE THE NECESSITY OF FUNDING FOR INNOV TION DEVELOPMENT ND TR NSFER CTIVITIES $ SED ON REGION L ND CROSS SECTOR L COOPER TION IN 'UROPE EMÅEDDING LL THE RELEV NT REGION L CTORS ND ST KEHOLDERS 'UROPE N PL TFORM FOR EXCH NGE RESE RCH ND DEVELOPMENT H S TO ÅE PROVIDED

Green Skills: Future Relevance and Policy Recommendations 153

References 'UROPE N 2 RLI MENT Eco-innovation - Jobs and Growth through environmental policy 5TR SÃ…OURG 4ETRIEVE FROM HTTP WWW EUROP RL EUROP EU SIDES GET&OC DO PUÃ…4EF! '2 6':6 4'2146 # &1% :/. 8 '0 'UROPE N %OMMISSION Green action Plan for SMEs $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVE FROM HTTP EC EUROP EU ENTERPRISE POLICIES SME PUÃ…LIC CONSULT TION GREEN CTION PL N INDEXAEN HTM 'UROPE N 'CONOMIC ND 5OCI L %OMMITTEE ''5% Opinion on the Communication from the Commission "Green Action Plan for SMEs, $RUSSELS 4ETRIEVED FROM HTTP WWW EESC EUROP EU I!PORT L EN N T OPINIONS

Appendix Impact Evaluation Case Study Alberto Vergani

FORM SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SINGLE ACTION PLAN (AP) IMPACT STUDY USING THE CONTRIBUTION ANALYSIS (CA) MODEL29 Step 0 Basic information about company and Action Plan Ͳ

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%OMP NY 0 ME OMISSIS 6HE COMP NY PRODUCTION PROCESS THIS ELEMENT IS RELEV NT FOR #CTION 2L N #2 CONTENTS IS C RRIED OUT CONTINUOUSLY FOR HOURS ON D YS WEEK SO ENERGY FLOWS INVOLVED IN ENERGY Å L NCE RE REL TIVELY CONST NT S WELL S THE THERM L ND ELECTRICITY FLOWS &URING THE PRODUCTION PROCESS THE P RTS RE HE TED ND M INT INED T ELEV TED TEMPER TURES IN THE OVEN USU LLY T ›% IN CCORD NCE WITH TECHNOLOGIC L REQUIREMENTS ND THEN THEY RE COOLED UNTIL THEY RE CH MÅIENT TEMPER TURE %OMP NY #DDRESS OMISSIS 2ERSON S INTERVIEWED ND ROLE FUNCTION OMISSIS / IN #2 CONTENTS SYNTHESIS WITH PRIORITY TO EXPECTED FIN L ND MEDIUM TERM OUTCOMES ON DIRECT RECIPIENTS ND ORG NIS TION THE TR INING MODULE ÅOUT ENERGY WILL ÅE IMPLEMENTED Å THE #2 IMPLEMENT TION W S C RRIED OUT TOGETHER WITH ND P RTLY after a very RELEV NT INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY ND PROCESS INNOV TION FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION IN WITH THE SUPPORT OF '% FUNDING ND FTER SPECIFIC energy audit ND THEREFORE THE FIN L COMP NY LEVEL OUTCOMES come FROM THESE THREE LEVER GES INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY IN PROCESSES INNOV TION ND TR INING C THE PURPOSE OF THE #2 IS TO IMPROVE THE SKILLS OF P RTICIP NTS REG RDING GREEN KNOWLEDGE CCORDING TO 'UROPE N EXPERIENCE FTER )6 8'6 IN THE SPIRIT OF )REEN 5T R 2ROJECT +N THE S ME TIME #2 INCLUDES SOME CONCRETE CTIONS LRE DY IMPLEMENTED FOR RE CHING THESE GO LS WHICH RE ORG NIZED IN

6HE C SE NONYMOUS IN THIS VERSION IS N D PT TION OF ONE OF THE #CTION 2L N IMP CT EV LU TIONS C RRIED OUT IN THE PROJECT &UE TO EDITING ND PRINTING DE DLINES THIS VERSION IS NOT THE MOST UPD TED Ã…UT IT IS NYW Y FULLY EXPLIC TIVE OF THE USED METHODOLOGY 6HE INVESTMENT PROGR M IMPLEMENTED DURING REG RDED ±TECHNOLOGIC L EQUIPMENT 6HE M IN EQUIPMENT CONSISTED OF 1/+55+5 / IN CTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED IN 1/+55+5 IN FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RE THE FOLLOWING 1/+55+5

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REDUCTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION PL N IN THE COMP NY WHOSE T RGET IS REDUCTION YE R D THE FIN L COST S VING INDEX IS THE ±/9H CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC L ENERGY ND G S² DIFFERENCE FROM TO E EMPLOYEES INVOLVED IN THE TR INING MODULES WILL Ã…ECOME MORE EXPERIENCED ND SKILLED SO S TO Ã…E INVOLVED IN N EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIC L PROCESS TO Ã…E CTIVE IN OPTIMIZING THE G S ND ELECTRIC L CONSUMPTION ND TO Ã…E INVOLVED WITH NEW IDE S TO REDUCE W STE ENERGY 6HE FIN L RESULTS DERIVING FROM )REEN 5T R 2ROJECT P RTICIP TION Ã…UT LSO FROM THE TECHNOLOGIC L INNOV TION INTRODUCED IN THE S ME PERIOD WILL Ã…E TOT L REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR THE EXISTING PL N IN THE PRESENT YE RLY THE RESULTS FOR : OF ::: /9H WHICH IS ESTIM TED TO Ã…E EQUIV LENT OF '' ''' 'UROS F EMPLOYEES TO INVOLVE IN TR INING WILL Ã…E THE FOLLOWING OMISSIS IN TOT L G THE #CTION 2L N Ã…UDGET IS '''' '' 'UROS H THE DELIVERY OF LEVEL ND )6 8'6 MODULE ON ENERGY WILL Ã…E FROM TO WHILE THE DELIVERY OF LEVEL ND OR MODULES T RGETED TO EMPLOYEES IS SCHEDULED FROM TO / IN ELEMENTS EMERGING FROM On-going AP Implementation Questionnaire FILLED IN / Y #2 IMPLEMENT TION R TE IS T Ã… IMPLEMENT TION LEVEL IS ±P RTI LLY² IN LINE WITH EXPECTED TIME SCHEDULE C #2 ±CONTENTS² IMPLEMENT TION LEVEL IS ±P RTI LLY S TISF CTORY² S WELL S #2 IMPLEMENT TION CONSISTENCY WITH EXPECT TIONS D #2 IMPLEMENT TION IS R TED S ±DIFFICULT² D M IN strengths OF #2 IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS RE THE FOLLOWING THE TR NSL TION IN 4OM NI N OF )6 8'6 TR INING M TERI LS CONCERNING ENERGY ±THE EMPLOYEES INVOLVED IN LEVEL ND MODULES E SILY UNDERST ND THEM² ±THE INTEREST ND INVOLVEMENT OF THE TE M WHO LE DS THE PROJECT² E M IN weaknesses RE THE FOLLOWING ±THE CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING LEVELS ND TR INING CONTENTS FOR LL THE P RTICIP NTS THE DIFFICULTIES IN TTENDING TR INING FOR P RTICIP NTS WORKING IN TWO SHIFTS THE ME SUREMENT OF THE S TISF CTION FOR LL THE EMPLOYEES INVOLVED IN #2² F THE D PT TION OF )6 8'6 CONTENTS THROUGH THE #2 IS R TED S ±P RTI LLY S TISF CTORY² G THE #2 IS CONSIDERED TO ±P RTI LLY² RESPOND TO URGENT ND RELEV NT COMP NY°S NEEDS H THE #2 EXPECTED IMP CTS ON DIRECTS TR INING RECIPIENTS RE THE FOLLOWING UNDERST NDING OF IMPORT NCE OF S VING ENERGY IN PRODUCTION COMP NY THE CTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF TR INEES IN NEW COMMON CTIONS IMED T REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION TR INEES W RENESS ND KNOWLEDGE OF GREEN SKILLS ND ±OF LL THE TYPES OF ENERGY² I THE EXPECTED CH NGES IN ORG NIZ TION FTER #2 FULL IMPLEMENT TION TR INED ±PRESS M CHINE SETTERS ND ELECTRICI NS SSUMPTION OF leaders role IN S VING ENERGY² DUE TO #2 IMPLEMENT TION ±Ã…ETTER UNDERST NDING OF SINTERING CTIVITY FOR OVEN MEN Ã…EC USE THEY C N IMPROVE LOT THE FURN CE LO D ON SQU RE METER² DUE TO #2 IMPLEMENT TION ±INVOLVEMENT OF THE MOST IMPORT NT LOCKSMITHS IN CRE TING NEW IDE S REG RDING ENERGY S VING PROCESSES² DUE TO #2 IMPLEMENT TION

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$RIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COMP NY CURRENT SITU TION COMP NY°S ITEMS ISSUES RE S PROCESSES DIRECTLY RELEV NT FOR #2 CONTENTS CTU L OMISSIS SITU TION IS GENER LLY POSITIVE THE COMP NY IS EXPERIENCING N INTERESTING M RKETS ND PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT M NY POTENTI L CUSTOMERS FIN L PRODUCTS M NUF CTURERS COMP NIES RE PPRO CHING OMISSIS SUCH DEVELOPMENT IS STRICTLY LINKED TO TECHNOLOGIC L PROCESS ND RESOURCES USE IMPROVEMENTS / IN OMISSIS COMPETITORS RE LOC TED IN OMISSIS .EVEL OF COMPLI NCE ÅETWEEN PROGR MMED #2 ND IMPLEMENTED #2 TOT L P RTICIP TING EMPLOYEES IN LEVELS MODULES INSTE D OF INDIC TED IN THE #2 ¢ ÅUT ONE STUDENT OF :::: 6ECHNIC L 7NIVERSITY ±PR CTICING IN OMISSIS PRODUCTION &EP RTMENT² H S ÅEEN INVOLVED IN TR INING ND IN THE NEXT MONTHS OTHER STUDENTS WILL P RTICIP TE IN INTERNSHIPS ND THEREFORE IN TR INING (IRST map OF #2 STRENGTHS LIMIT TIONS THRE TS SEE WH T ÅOVE INDIC TED IN PRESENTING THE COMP NY NSWERS TO THE On-going AP Implementation Questionnaire FILLED IN / Y &EFINITION OF C USE EFFECT QUESTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE #2 CONTENTS OMISSIS USES IN THE M NUF CTURING LINES M CHINERIES ND FURN CES WITH HUGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION (OR ÅEING IN FUTURE COMPETITIVE COMP NY OMISSIS MUST CONTINUOUSLY REDUCE ENERGY COSTS (OR THIS RE SON THE COMP NY H S ITS OWN ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION PL N WITH IMPORT NT ME SURES +NTERVENTION ON ÅOTH TECHNOLOGY ND EMPLOYEES M INLY THOSE WITH OTHER PEOPLE M N GEMENT RESPONSIÅILITIES SKILLS ND KNOWLEDGE ÅOUT ENERGY S VING IS THE CORE OF STR TEGY FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Step 1 Set out the cause-effect issue to be addressed

Impact Evaluation Case Study 157

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/EDIUM INTERMEDI TE OUTCOMES >

.ONG OUTCOMES FIN L OUTCOMES IMP CTS >

TOC: assumptions and risks

Ass FULL COHERENCE ND SYNERGY ÅETWEEN TR INED EMPLOYEES ÅEH VIORS ND ENERGY S VING CONTRIÅUTION DERIVING FROM NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND PROCESSES TR INED EMPLOYEES LONG TERM PERM NENCE IN OMISSIS EXISTENCE OF DIRECT REL TIONSHIP ÅETWEEN EFFICIENCY IN ENERGY USE COMP NY COMPETITIVENESS ND COMP NY REVENUE GENER TION C P CITY Risks RELEV NCE FOR COMP NY COMPETITIVENESS ND REVENUE GENER TION C P CITY ÅUT LSO FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION OF V RI ÅLES F CTORS OTHERS TH T THE ENERGY REL TED ONES %ONSOLID TION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION Ass EXISTENCE OF ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS ND INDIVIDU L MOTIV TIONS SUPPORTING TR INED EMPLOYEES PRO CTIVE ND REDUCTION ÅY YE R TR INING INNOV TIVE ÅEH VIORS IN WORKPL CE HIGH COMPLI NCE ND RECIPIENTS CTIVE CONTRIÅUTION IN THEREFORE SYNERGY ÅETWEEN TR INING CONTENTS TR INED EMPLOYEES OPTIMIZING G S ND ELECTRIC L ÅEH VIORS ND ENERGY S VING TECHNOLOGIES PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED CONSUMPTION TR INING RECIPIENTS INCRE SE OF CTIV TION ND INVOLVEMENT ÅY OMISSIS IN GENER TING NEW IDE S FOR REDUCING Risks INFLUENCE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF V RI ÅLES OUTSIDE OMISSIS FULL CONTROL IN DEQU CY OF ORG NIS TION L ENERGY W STE CONDITIONS NECESS RY FOR SUPPORTING SYNERGIES ÅETWEEN TR INED EMPLOYEES INDIVIDU L ÅEH VIORS ND ENERGY S VING ORIENTED NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND PROCESSES IN OMISSIS

(URTHER CONSOLID TION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION ÅY YE R INCRE SE OF EFFICIENCY IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES ND THEREFORE OF GENER L COMP NY COMPETITIVENESS INCRE SE OF COMP NY REVENUE GENER TION C P CITY

Results chain

.OGIC MODEL OR RESULT CH IN DEPICTING SEQUENTI L CTIONS FROM INPUT THE #2 S WHOLE TO RESULTS ND WH T C N ÅE ME SURED SEE HERE ÅELOW

Step 2 Develop the postulated TOC and risks to it, including alternative explanations

158 Appendix

8ERY +MPORT NT PLE SE NOTE TH T SINCE .EVEL ND TR INING CONCLUSION IS SCHEDULED Ã…Y SEE #2 THE EXPECTED ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION IS CONSIDERED S SHORT IMMEDI TE #2 OUTCOME

/ P LIST OF INDIVIDU L ORG NIZ TION L ND CONTEXTS ISSUES TH T M Y FFECT #2 OUTCOMES WHEN THESE ISSUES M Y Ã…E IDENTIFIED WITH risks SEE THE T Ã…LE HERE Ã…OVE OTHER ISSUES TH T M Y FFECT #2 OUTCOMES RE THE FOLLOWING OTHER COMP NIES COMPETITIONS Ã… THE V IL Ã…ILITY OF MORE EFFICIENT ND ENERGY S VING TECHNOLOGIES ND OR PROCESS INNOV TIONS TH T THOSE IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y OMISSIS SINCE C N TION L ND OR REGION L LOC L POLICIES Ã…OTH Ã…Y INSTITUTIONS ND ENERGY PROVIDERS CONCERNING ENERGY CONSUMPTION DISTRIÃ…UTION ND PRICING COSTS

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Ass TR INING P RTICIP NTS RE INTERESTED IN TR INING TOPICS ND W RE OF THEIR IMPORT NCE Ã…OTH FOR OMISSIS COMPETITIVENESS ND THEIR PROFESSION L DEVELOPMENT Risks DIFFICULTIES IN FINDING Ã… L NCE Ã…ETWEEN WORKING DUTIES ND TR INING P RTICIP TION TR INING P RTICIP NT INSUFFICIENT INVOLVEMENT ND OR UNDERST NDING OF TOPIC°S IMPORT NCE FOR OMISSIS

Ass EXISTENCE OF ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS ND INDIVIDU L MOTIV TIONS SUPPORTING TR INED EMPLOYEES LE RNING CHIEVEMENTS CTIV TION HIGH COMPLI NCE Ã…ETWEEN TR INING CONTENTS TR INED EMPLOYEES Ã…EH VIORS ND ENERGY S VING TECHNOLOGIES PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED Ã…Y OMISSIS Risks IN DEQU CY OF ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS NECESS RY FOR SUPPORTING POSITIVE SYNERGY Ã…ETWEEN TR INING INDIVIDU L CHIEVEMENTS ND ENERGY S VING ORIENTED NEW TECHNOLOGIES ND PROCESSES IN OMISSIS TR INING P RTICIP NTS DIFFICULTIES FOR SUÃ…JECTIVE ND OR OÃ…JECTIVE RE SONS IN TR NSFERRING TR INING LE RNING CHIEVEMENTS IN WORKPL CES

#2 1UTPUTS SEE THE T Ã…LE HERE Ã…OVE

'NERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION OF ;;; /9H EQUIV LENT TO '' ''' 'UROS S VING WHICH IS ROUND OF : TOT L ENERGY COST INCRE SE OF TR INING RECIPIENTS SKILLS ND KNOWLEDGE IN ENERGY S VING ND ENERGY EFFICIENT USE WITH REFERENCE TO OMISSIS PRODUCTION PROCESSES TR INING RECIPIENTS DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IN THE IMPLEMENT TION OF EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIC L ND PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN OMISSIS 0UMÃ…ER OF LEVEL MODULE TR INED EMPLOYEES NUMÃ…ER OF LEVEL TR INED EMPLOYEES NUMÃ…ER OF TR INING HOURS FOR E CH MODULE LEVEL LEVEL OF S TISF CTION FOR TR INING SELF PERCEIVED LE RNING CHIEVEMENTS

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1UTPUTS

5HORT IMMEDI TE OUTCOMES >

Impact Evaluation Case Study 159

+DENTIFY LL THE RELEV NT ST KEHOLDERS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN #2 IMPLEMENT TION ND ST KEHOLDERS WHO M Y INFLUENCE OUTCOMES 6HE COMP NY RELEV NT ST KEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE #2 IMPLEMENT TION RE THE FOLLOWING THE )ENER L &IRECTOR THE 6ECHNIC L &IRECTOR THE COORDIN TORS OF COMP NY INTERN L DIVISIONS THE )6 8'6 MODULES TR INERS LL INTERN L UNITS #S FOR THE ST KEHOLDER WHO M Y ±INFLUENCE OUTCOMES² THEY RE Ã…OTH INTERN L OMISSIS ND EXTERN L THE )OVERNMENT FOR ENERGY PRICING ND POLICIES THROUGH THE 0 TION L #UTHORITY FOR 'NERGY THE PUÃ…LIC PRIV TE LOC L ENERGY SUPPLIERS

) THER THE EVIDENCE V IL Ã…LE ND SSESS THE QU LITY OF EVIDENCE &UE TO #2 TIMING REMEMÃ…ER TH N THE LEVEL TR INING WILL Ã…E CONCLUDED IN ONLY EVIDENCES CONCERNING #2 IMPLEMENT TION PROCESS UNTIL #2 OUTPUTS LTHOUGH P RTI L ND TECHNIC L PROCESS INNOV TION INTRODUCED IN OMISSIS SINCE RE V IL Ã…LE #S F R S NOW W ITING FOR THE FIRST #2 OUTCOMES SSESSMENT TO Ã…E HELD T THE END OF REGUL R INTERN L USE P RTI L ENERGY REDUCTION ME SURES H VE Ã…EEN T KEN EVERY THREE MONTHS ND THE FIRST EMERGING EVIDENCES RE POSITIVE (OLLOWING THESE POSITIVE partial OUTCOMES SOME DDITION L EFFICIENCY ORIENTED INTERVENTIONS H VE Ã…EEN SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTED E G COOLING W TER SYSTEM WHICH USES RECYCLED W TER H S Ã…EEN INTRODUCED ND IT LLOWED TO S VE MONEY Ã…EC USE THE NEED FOR new W TER R DIC LLY REDUCED

5T RT IDENTIFYING G PS IN THE EVIDENCE &UE TO WH T H S JUST Ã…EEN HIGHLIGHTED THE TR INING CONCLUSION TIMING M IN G PS IN EVIDENCE REG RD THE OUTCOME LEVELS REPRESENTED Ã…Y MEDIUM INTERMEDI TE ND LONG TERM OUTCOMES Ã…UT MORE TH N gaps IT°S M TTER OF MISSING OF NY EVIDENCE EXCEPT FOR THE PROVISION L POSITIVE ELEMENTS EMERGING FROM THE QU RTERLY CHECKS C RRIED OUT UNTIL NOW

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Step 3 (to be implemented simultaneously with Step 2) Gather existing evidence on the TOC

/ P OF THE LINKS Ã…ETWEEN E CH CTION #2 CONSISTS IN ONE CTION ONLY ND THEREFORE IT IS by itself LINKED TO THE outputs ND outcomes Ã…OVE INDIC TED IN THE T Ã…LE $Y THIS POINT OF VIEW IN #2 DESIGN ONLY ONE LINK EXISTS Ã…ETWEEN THE #2 ITSELF ND THE ±RESULTS CH IN² PRESENTED IN THE T Ã…LE +T M Y HOWEVER Ã…E SSUMED TH T THE #2 IS M DE OF ±DIFFERENT CTIONS² WHICH CORRESPOND TO THE activities DESCRIÃ…ED IN THE #2 ±9ORKPL N² SECTION 6R NSL TION OF » TR INING OF » ND SO ON ON THIS SUÃ…JECT WHICH P RTICUL RLY EMPH SIZES THE DIFFERENCE Ã…ETWEEN MODULE LEVELS ND LEVELS THE #2 CTIVITIES PPE R TO Ã…E INTERN LLY COHERENT ND E CH OTHER CONNECTED IN LOGIC L ND LINE R W Y

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6HE TECHNIC L ND PROCESS INNOV TION

6R INING MODULE

6R INEES PROFESSION L

Influencing factors (identified from data collection)

&IRECT NON

Type of rival34

/EDIUM

36

35

*IGH

Robustness

Degree of influence (Low, medium, high) Certainty

/EDIU M

37

Range

/EDIUM

38

Prevalence

Evidencebased/ evidence informed39 5EMI STRUCTURED

4EMEMÃ…ER TH T LEVEL TR INING DUR TION IS D YS LEVEL IS D YS WHILE LEVEL IS HOURS &IRECT RELEV NT DIRECT NON RELEV NT INDIRECT RELEV NT INDIRECT NON RELEV NT 6HE DEGREE TO WHICH THE OÃ…SERVED OUTCOME M TCHES THE ONE PREDICTED CCOUNTING FOR PROGR M SSUMPTIONS ND MECH NISMS HIGH MEDIUM LOW 6HE DEGREE TO WHICH THE SSUMPTION OR MECH NISM IS IDENTIFIED S SIGNIFIC NT CONTRIÃ…UTOR TO CHIEVING PROGR M RESULTS 6HE DEGREE TO WHICH THE SSUMPTION OR MECH NISM CONTRIÃ…UTES TO Ã…RO D R NGE E G IMP CTS ON ONE OR MORE OUTCOME OF OUTCOMES 6HE DEGREE TO WHICH THE SSUMPTION OR MECH NISM CONTRIÃ…UTES TO OUTCOMES OF INTEREST CROSS WIDE R NGE OF IMPLEMENT TION SITES 6HE CREDIÃ…ILITY ND RIGOUR OF EVIDENCE WHICH C N VERIFY OR SUPPORT FINDINGS FROM THE N LYSIS .OW!UNTESTED LOC L STUDIES /EDIUM!C SE STUDIES *IGH!'XPERIMENT L QU SI EXPERIMENT L STUDIES

Alternative explanation (identified form data collection)

Mechanism (implemented)

Program assumption description 1: due to GT-VET training module participation, OMISSIS employees (in their different company positions and responsibilities) develop specific learning (knowledge and skills) and personal attitude (awareness) towards energy, energy saving, renewable energies, energy efficiency, calculation of energy cost and effective use (with differences between 1, 2, 3 and 4 levels33).

Step 4 Assemble and assess the contribution story and the challenges to it

Impact Evaluation Case Study 161

INTRODUCED SINCE FOR ENERGY S VING PURPOSES DEVELOPED IN TR INING RECIPIENTS ENERGY S VING SKILLS ND W RENESS THE TR INING RECIPIENTS PROFESSION L Ã… CKGROUNDS LRE DY INCLUDE ENERGY S VING ND EFFICIENCY SKILLS ND COMPETENCIES

ND PERSON L INTEREST FOR MODULE TOPICS TR INING MODULE LEVELS DUR TION VERY SHORT VERSUS LEVELS MUCH LONGER TR INING RECIPIENTS DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IN NEW ENERGY S VING TECHNOLOGIES PR OCESSES

RELEV NT

INTERVIEWS DOCUMENTS N LYSIS

Program assumption description 2: due to learning and personal attitudes (awareness) developed though GT-VET module, OMISSIS trained employees (especially those who attended all the module levels and are more directly experienced and involved in energy-related issues) become more actively engaged in professional behaviours aimed at increasing energy use efficiency (also assuming the role of leaders in energy saving actions and proposing new ideas for the implementation of energy saving processes) and are able to better enhance the energy saving contribution of the new technologies and process innovation introduced in OMISSIS since 2013

P RTICIP TION WITH DIFFERENT DUR TION FOR LEVELS ND LEVELS TR INEES DEVELOPS RECIPIENTS SPECIFIC LE RNING ND W RENESS TOW RD ENERGY S VING ISSUES ND PPLIC TIONS

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6R INED EMPLOYEES MOTIV TION ND ENG GEMENT IN COMP NY STR TEGIES ORG NIS TION L CONDITIONS SUPPORTING INDIVIDU L CTIV TIONS ND RESPONSIÃ…ILITY SSUMPTION COMP NY POLICIES ND PR CTICES SUPPORTING INDIVIDU L CTIV TION TR INED

&IRECT RELEV NT

Type of Influencing rival factors (identified from data collection)

/EDIUM

Degree of influence (Low, medium, high) Certainty

/EDIUM LOW

Robustness

/EDIU M

Range

.OW

Prevalence

DOCUMENT S N LYSIS

Evidencebased/ evidence informed 5EMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

1NLY LEVELS TR INING RE CONCLUDED WHILE S LRE DY UNDERLINED LEVELS TR INING IS CTU LLY UNDER IMPLEMENT TION

6HE TECHNOLOGY ND PROCESS INNOV TION INTRODUCED SINCE produce ENERGY S VING EFFECTS WHOSE ENTITY DO NOT OR VERY M RGIN LLY DEPEND ON WORKERS EMPLOYEES SKILLS ND TTITUDES

#FTER TR INING P RTICIP TION EMPLOYEES ESPECI LLY THOSE INVOLVED IN LEVELS MODULES IMPLEMENTED INDIVIDU L WORKING Ã…EH VIOURS IMED T INCRE SING ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY ND T M XIMIZING THE ENERGY S VING CONTRIÃ…UTION Ã…Y NEW

40

Alternative explanation (identified form data collection)

Mechanism (implemented)

Impact Evaluation Case Study 163

EMPLOYEES RE L POSSIÅILITY TO H VE N INFLUENCE ON ENERGY S VING REL TED PROCESSES ND DECISIONS

Alternative explanation (identified form data collection)

6HE REDUCTION M Y ÅE ORIGIN TED TOT LLY OR P RTI LLY ÅY F CTORS DIFFERENT FROM ÅOTH #2 ND TECHNOLOGY PROCES S INNOV TION THE REDUCTION M Y

Mechanism (implemented)

$EING THE END OF THE FIRST DE DLINE FOR THIS PROGR M SSUMPTION NO REL TED MECH NISM H S ÅEEN IMPLEMENTED

Type of rival

&IRECT RELEV NT

Influencing factors (identified from data collection)

/ RKET CLIENTS CONDITIONS TRENDS ND POLICIES PUÅLIC POLICIES CONCERNING ENERGY S VING UNEXPECTED CH NGES IN

Robustness

Range

Prevalence

Evidencebased/ evidence informed 0OT 0OT 0OT 5EMI 0OT POSSIÅLE TO POSSIÅLE TO POSSIÅLE POSSIÅLE TO STRUCTURED NSWER T NSWER T NSWER T INTERVIEWS TO THE THE THE NSWER MOMENT MOMENT DOCUMENT MOMENT T THE S N LYSIS MOMENT

Degree of influence (Low, medium, high) Certainty

Program assumption description 3: the energy-saving and energy efficient-use trained employees behaviours in combination with the huge energy saving-oriented technological and process innovations introduced in OMISSIS since 2013 lead to a company energy consumption average yearly reduction by 9% from 201x on (the expected reduction for 2015 is estimated in XXX MWh which is the equivalent of EE.EEE Euros that is around 9% of 201X total energy cost)

TECHNOLOGIES ND PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED SINCE

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Ã…E ORIGIN TED Ã…Y PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY PROCES INCRE SE IN COST S INNOV TION ONLY OF ENERGY DUE THE REDUCTION TO V RI Ã…LES M Y Ã…E C USED Ã…Y OUTSIDE DIMINUTION IN OMISSIS TOT L PRODUCTION CONTROL VOLUME OR IN PL NTS UTILIZ TION

Medium/ intermediate outcomes #CHIEVEMENT TOO E RLY FOR THIS TYPE OF OUTCOME #2 CONTRIÃ…UTION NOT IDENTIFI Ã…LE T THE MOMENT

Long-term/ Final outcomes #CHIEVEMENT TOO E RLY FOR THIS TYPE OF OUTCOME #2 CONTRIÃ…UTION NOT IDENTIFI Ã…LE T THE MOMENT

Notes 6R INING MODULE LEVEL DELIVERED Ã…Y LEVEL DELIVERING TO Ã…E CONCLUDED Ã…Y

'ND OF

#SSESS THE STRENGTHS ND WE KNESSES OF THE INTERVENING STEPS IN THE PROGR M LOGIC CCOUNTING FOR OTHER INFLUENCING F CTORS NOT PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED 6HE LIST OF ±INFLUENCING F CTORS² INDIC TED IN THE T Ã…LES Ã…OVE SEEMS TO Ã…E QUITE COMPLETE ND CONT INS ELEMENTS WHOSE RELEV NCE IN conditioning #2 OUTCOMES CHIEVEMENTS MUST Ã…E T KEN IN SERIOUS CCOUNT 6HE CONST NT INTERREL TION Ã…ETWEEN MODULE RESULTS ND TECHNOLOGY PROCESSES INNOV TIONS IN PRODUCING THE EXPECTED LONG TERM OUTCOMES Ã…SOLUTELY EVIDENT FOR THE L ST program assumption C USES INFLUENCING F CTORS TO COVER Ã…OTH INDIVIDU L ND ORG NIZ TION L ISSUES VERY FREQUENTLY E CH OTHER CONNECTED ND ¢ IN DDITION ¢ RECIPROC LLY INFLUENCING

Short-immediate 41 outcomes #CHIEVEMENT #2 CONTRIÃ…UTION

5T RT SH PING THE contribution story %ONSIDERING WH T EXPOSED IN THE T Ã…LES HERE Ã…OVE THE #2 CONTRIÃ…UTION IN CHIEVING THE expected outcomes M Y Ã…E CONSIDERED S SUMM RIZED IN THE T Ã…LE HERE Ã…ELOW

UNTIL NOW

Impact Evaluation Case Study 165

Final notes

4E SSESS PROGR M STRENGTHS ND WE KNESSES THROUGH CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PROCESS ONE MORE ROUND OF 5TEP IN THIS C SE #SSUMING Ã…OTH THE EXISTING DE DLINE FOR THIS EV LU TION ND THE S TR INING MODULE DELIVERY CONCLUSION FOR LEVELS ND NO DDITION L OPER TION OF ±RE SSESSMENT² OF #2 STRENGTHS ND WE KNESSES H S Ã…EEN C RRIED OUT

Step 6 Revise and strengthen the contribution story

7SE SECOND RY D T TO CONFIRM OR REFUTE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE OR JUDGMENTS %ONSIDERING THE L RGELY POTENTI L CLE R ND DOCUMENTED REL TIONSHIP Ã…ETWEEN THE #2 ND ITS OUTCOMES NO secondary data TO CONFIRM OR REFUSE 5TEP CONCLUSIONS H S Ã…EEN CONSIDERED S NEEDED

END

Compilation date: XXXXXXX.

Form compiled by: XXXXXX.

Additional free comments: XXXXXXXX.

Methods used for implementing the impact study (techniques and stakeholders involved): company produced documents analysis; interview with OMISSIS Technical Director.

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Step 5 Seek out additional evidence

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G

“

Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry

reen Skills” are seen as a relevant qualification for the European industry, not only for the sake of the environment but also as a competitive advantage. Against this background the GREEN STAR project transferred the “GT VET - Greening Technical Vocational Education and Training” blueprint (a steel industry driven sustainable European training module) to the automotive suppliers industry. Two submodules of GT VET were adapted (“Energy”) or modified (Waste”), and an additional submodule (“Life-Cycle Assessment”) then completed the GREEN STAR training module. The transfer of innovation from a big company training module to SMEs and their regional clusters, from the steel industry to the automotive supplier industry, and from mechanical and electrical maintenance profiles to heterogeneous professions was thus conducted. GREEN STAR shows on the one hand the necessity of the best available technologies for energy reduction, the importance of reusable and biodegradable materials, and on the other hand how this has to go conjointly with an improvement of green skills and the awareness of green production and behaviour. It also embeds the involvement of the customers and their purchase decisions by improving their green awareness as well as the application of the green content to the whole learning chain (school apprenticeship - higher technical education - continuous training - company). Based on the results of GREEN STAR and the experience of the project partners, the authors underline the necessity of funding for innovation development, for regional and cross-sectoral cooperation in Europe, embedding all the relevant actors and stakeholders, establishing a European platform for exchange, research and development.

Edited by Antonius Schröder

Green Skills along the Value Chain of the Automotive Suppliers Industry

7497-6

ISBN 978-88-386-7497-6

www.ateneonline.it

9 788838 674976

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