Sample Pages from the Annals of Conjuring

A N N A L S or C O N J U R I N G

IDNEY

CLARKE

S I D N E Y

W.

C L A R K E

THE

ANNALS O F

CONJURING

<)j| painting In U h s s c I V n a n l (r,i. ISSO). C o u r t e s y Boh Read C o l l e c t i o n

S I D N E Y

W.

C L A R K E

T H E

ANNALS O F

CONJURING

E D I T E D

BY

E D W I N A. D A W E S T O D D K A R R IN

A S S O C I A T I O N

B O B T H E

W I T H

R E A D

M I R A C L E S E A T T L E

F A C T O R Y

The Miracle Factory Seattle © Copyright 2001 All rights reserved worldwide No portion of the text or illustrations in this volume may be reproduced in any manner without the written consent of the publisher.

First edition, 2001 Text and illustrations from the original serialized version or The Annals of Conjuring from The MagicWanJ (1924-8) appear with the permission of Martin Breese and mav not be utilized in any form without his written consent.

Material from The Barrister in the Circle © 1983 Edwin A. Davves ISBN: 0-9710405-0-8

This PDF edition is a collaboration between The Miracle Factory and Conjuring Arts Research Center.

All Rights Reserved. Copying and Sharing are NOT permitted.

Front cover: "As Above, So Below" Katlyn Breene © Copyright 2001 Altar Images Back cover: Bartholomew Fair fan, published by John Frederick Setchel Courtesy Museum of London

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CONTENTS

Illustrations 7 Preface Edwin A. Dawes 19 Publisher's Note Todd Karr 23 The Barrister in the Circle Edwin A. Dawes 29

T H E

A N N A L S

O F

C O N J U R I N G

Introduction 57 1. Ancient Conjuring 63 2. The Mediaeval Jugglers 71 3. The Jugglers' Tricks 87 4. Hocus Pocus 103 5. The English Showmen 1 1 9 6. Continental Conjurers 155 7. The Decline of Conjuring 185 8. The Wizard of the North and the Mechanical Conjurers 203 9. Robert-Houdin 2 39 10. From Robert-Houdin to Maskelyne 267 11. Maskelyne and Cooke 295 12. Conjurers of Yesterday and To-Day 343 13. Oriental Conjurers 373 Conclusion 403 Notes 409 APPENDICES 1. Installments of The Annals of Conjuring in The Magic Wand 469 2. Illustrations for The Annals oj Conjuring in The Magic Wand 471 3. Clarke's Annotations Edwin A. Dawes 475 4. Principal Writings of Sidney W. Clarke Edwin A. Dawes All conjuringarts.org

A D D I T I O N A L

R E S O U R C E S

1. The Research of Arthur Watson 48 3 2. Hippolytus 489 3. Early English Records of Conjuring 499 4. Scotto Hjalmar and Thierry Depauhs 507 5. Early Italian Conjuring Works Hjalmar and Thierry Depaulis 519 6. Entertainment in The Spectator Bob Read 527 7. Southwark Fair News Items Bob Read 531 8. Fawkes Notices 537 9. Colonial American Magic 547 10. Magic in Early Literature 563 11. Charlier Herbert E. Pratt 571

Bibliography 591 Acknowledgments 603 Index 605

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Note: SWC indicates illustrations from the serialized Annals oj Conjuring in The Magic Wand.

Front Cover: "As Above, So Below" bv Katlyn Breene (2001 ) alter illustration ol Phillippe, "M. Philippe. Physicien Chinois," from Lc Charivari (July 25, 1840), Imprimerie d'Aubert et Compagnie Rear Cover: Bartholomew Fair fan published by John Frederick Setchel (1824). Courtesy Museum of London.

Frontispiece: Ulysse Benard ot Blois (ca. 1850), oil painting (color). Courtesv Bob Read Collection.

T H E B A R R I S T E R I N T H E C I R C L E 1 . Sidney W. Clarke, from Edwin A. Dawes, The Barrister in (he Circle (London: 1983) 2. The Annals of Conjuring announcement, from Dawes, The Barrister m the Circle.

3. Clarke's bound Annals, from Dawes, The Barrister in the Circle.

4. Title page and frontispiece of Clarke's bound \nnah, from Dawes, The Barrister in the Circle.

5. "A Cabinet of Conjuring Tricks for the Queen's Doll's House (Presented by The Magic Circle)," The Magic Wand, vol. 14, no. 127 (October-November 1925) 6. Sketch of Clarke bv W. H. Soar (1929), trom Dawes, The Barrister in the Circle.

THE

ANNALS

OF

CONJURING

INTRODUCTION 7. "A Gipsy Juggler"; black and white etching by Francois Ravenet (1710-74), after the painting

by Philippe Mercier (1689-1760) in the Musee du Louvre. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

8. Dr. Faustus. from The Tragicall History oj Doctor Taustus; SWC CHAPTER 1 9. Self-opening altar, from Albert A. Hopkins, Magic, Stage Illusions and Scientific Diversions (New York: 1897) conjuringarts.org

T H E

A N N A I. S

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C O N J U R I N G

10. Wcstcar Papyrus cuneiform. Courtesy Geoffrey Price Graham.

1 1. Greek tumbler, from a vase painting; SWC 12. Sword Dancing, from a vase painting; SWC 1 3. Greek Juggler, from a vase painting; SWC 14. Egyptian amusement from tomb mural in Beni Hassan, Egypt, John Gardner Wilkinson, Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians (London: 1847) CHAPTER

2

15. Anglo-Saxon gleemen, Irom frontispiece ol J. Aspin, Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes of the English (London: 1835) 16. Anglo-Saxon gleemen, tenth century, from British Museum manuscript; SWC 17. Acrobat and musicians, from Henry Morley, Memoirs oj Bartholomew Fair (London: 1859) 18. Minstrels, from a carving in St. Mary's Church, Beverley, from Edward L. Cutts, Scenes and Characters of the Middle Ages (London: 1926) 19. A game of cards, from (). P. Ingold, Das go]dene Spiel (Augsburg: 1472); SWC 20. Whipping at ox-cart, from Thomas Harman, .1 caucat or warcningfor common cursetors (n.d.), reprinted as Thegroundworke of conny-catching (London: 1 592); SWC 21 . Rahere portrait, from Morley, Memoirs erf Bartholomew Fair 22. Rahere tomb, by William R. Minns; SWC 23. "Maitre Gonin, escamotcur," from Musee des Families, n o . 8 ( 1 8 4 5 ) , Lectures du Soir. C o u r t e s y Bob Read Collection.

24. Tabarin, Irom Victor Fournel, I.c Vicux Paris (Tours: 1887)

CHAPTER

3

2 5. Pieter Bruegel (1 5 30-1 600), The downfall of the wizard Hermogenes (1 565). Copper engraving

by Pieter van der Heyden, published by Cock.

26. Title page of Reginald Scot, The Discoverie of Witchcraft (London: 1 584), from Harry Price. .S7?i>r( Title Catalogue of Works, in Proceedings oj the National Laboratory oj Psychical Research, vol. 1. pt. 2 (London: 1929) 27. Page Irom Scot's Discoverie, from Price, Short Title Catalogue 28. "The Beads and the Bridle," two effects from Scot's Discoverie; SWC 29. "The Decollation of John Baptist," from Scot's Discoverie; SWC 30. Trick bodkins, Irom Scot's Discoverie; SWC 31. Trick knives from Scot's Discoverie; SWC 32. Title page ol II Cartaginese, Gniochi di carte bcllissimi (Verona: 1 597), from Hjalmar and Thierry Dcpaulis, Enauetc sur un escamotcur du debut du AT// sicdc (Paris: 1996)

CHAPTER

4

3 3. 1680 conjurer, Irom Das Zeitkurtzende lust- und Spielhaus in Arthur Watson, "Conjurers," The Reliquarj and Illustrated Archaologist (July 1909); SWC 34. Title page ol Fhc Art oj Jugling or Legcrdcmamc ( L o n d o n : 1614), from Price, Short Title Catalogue

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I L L U S T R A T I O N S

35. Frontispiece to 163 5 edition of Hocus Pocus Junior; SWC 36. Barrel effect with explanatory diagram at top, from Jacques Besson, Theatre des instrumens mathematiqucs ct mecaniques; SWC 37. Thomas Ady, A Candle in the Dark (1655) 38. Decapitation, from the Kunst un Ingemeur Wunderbuch (ca. sixteenth century) in Kurt Volkmann, The Oldest Deception (Minneapolis: 1956). Courtesy Carl W. Jones family.

39. E n t e r t a i n e r s , from Johann Amos Comenius ( 1 5 9 2 - 1 6 7 1 ) , "Praestigise" from Orbis Sensual aim Pictm (1658), woodcuts by Paul Kreut/.berger; SWC 40. Floram Marchand. Courtesy Edwin A. Dawcs Collection.

41 . Blaise Manfre, from Price, Short Title Catalogue 42. T i t l e p a g e , S i m o n W i t g e e s t , Het Natuurljk

Tover-Boeck of Sped- loneel der Konsien

(1682),

from Harry Houdini, The Unmasking oj Rohert-Iloudm (New York: 1908) C H A P TE R

5

43. "Southwark Fair," engraving by William Hogarth (173 3); SWC 44. Matthew Buchinger from Eourncl, le \icux Paris 45. Johannes Grigg; SWC 46. The Hen and Egg Bag, portion of frontispiece to Richard Neve, The Merry Companion (London: 1716); SWC 47. Reflected card, from John White, Hocus Pocus (London: 1712, 1714); SWC 48. Richard Neve, portion of Irontispicce to Neve, The Merry Companion; SWC 49. Fan depicting Bartholomew Fair published by John Frederick Setchel (1824). CourtesyEdwin A. Dawes Collection.

50. Detail of Setchel fan showing Fawkes' booth; SWC 51 . "Faux" sign, detail of William Hogarth, "Masquerades and Operas (The Bad Taste of the Town)," (1724), from Houdini, Unmasking 52. Engraving of Fawkes and his "posture-masters" in James Caulfield, Portraits, Memoirs, and Characters oj Remarkable Persons (London: 1794) from Houdini, Unmasking 53. Advertisement for Pinchbeck's "Grand Theatre ol the Muses" (undated). Courtesy Robert Lund Collection, American Museum of Magic.

54. Christopher Pinchbeck Senior, from Houdini, Unmasking 55. Fawkes notice (left), ThcDailj Post (September 2 3, 1 730). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

56. Fawkes notice (top right), The London Journal (January 1 1, 1724). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

57. Fawkes notice (center ri^ht), The Daily Post (July 8, 17 30). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

58. Fawkes obituaries (17 31), sources unnoted. Courtesy David W Findlay.

59. The Magic Well, engraving from Tncyclopcedia Briiannica (Edinburgh: 1815) 60. The Bottle Conjurer; SWC 6 1 . Powell, from Morley, Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair 62. Flockton's booth from Morley, Memoirs of Bartholomew hair 63. Lane, from Morley, Memoirs of Bartholomew lair 64. "Nailing a Card to the Wall"; SWC 65. "Conjuring at the Fair," trontispiccc to Breshiw\ Last legacy from Houdini, Unmasking

conjuringarts.org

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66.

67.

68.

69.

Philip Astlcy, detail of portrait in Houdini, Unmasking Gyngell bill (1823), from Houdini, Unmasking Vaucanson automata, montage of illustrations from Fournel, Le Vieux Paris Automaton Chess Player, from Alain Sergent, Le Roi des Prestidigitateurs: Robert Houdin (Paris: 1952) 70. "The Man who Works the Automaton," political satire by Richard Doyle featuring the Automaton Chess Player, Punch, vol. 10 (1846). Courtesy Michael Claxton.

71. Thomas Denton; SWC 72. Cupid drawn by Maillardet's drawing automaton. Courtesy F. William Kuethe.

C H A P T E R 6 73. Conjuror resembling Pinetti, from La Magia Bianca Svelta o Spiegazwne Dei Guiochi Di Mano Sorprendeti (Messina: 1793) 74. Le Fameux Paysan bill. Courtesy Volker Hubcr.

75. Froelich, from Magasin Pittoresque (March 1888), after an engraving by Boetius (1729).

Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

76. Conjuring in 173 3, frontispiece to Pablo Minguet e Yrol. Engahos a Ojos Vistas (Madrid: 1733). Courtesy Edwin A. Dawes Collection.

77. Proposed explanation of Comus' swan, from The Gentleman's Magazine (May 1766) 78. The Magic Hand, engraving from Encyclopaedia Brittanica (Edinburgh: 1815) 79. Breslaw; SWC 80. Breslaw notice, source unnoted. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

81. Breslaw notice, The Times (June 1, 1793). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

82. Katterfelto, from Houdini, Unmasking 83. Katterfelto ad, from Houdini, Unmasking 84. Le Fameux Romain, engraving by Prevost (Paris: ca. 1770) from Price, Short Title Catalogue 85. Henri Decremps, from Blismon, Mille et Un Tours (Paris: ca. 1850). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

86. Title page of Henri Decremps, La Magie Blanche Devoilee, vol. 1 (Paris: 1789). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection 87. Pinetti, from frontispiece to Thomas Denton, The Conjurer Unmasked (London: 1788) in Price, Short Title Catalogue 88. Escamoteur, halftone of bronze inkwell of a street magician, early nineteenth century; SWC 89. Comus notice, The Times (May 27, 1793). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

90. Comus notice, The Morning Post (November 15, 1793). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

91. Comus notice. Courtesy Edwin A. Dawes Collection.

92. Robertson, from Henry Ridgely Evans, The Old and the New Magic (Chicago: 1906) 93. "A Ghost Show at Bartholomew Fair"; SWC 94. Robertson's Fantasmagoria, from Fournel, Le Vieux Pahs CHAPTER 7 95. "VEscamoteur, sur le boulevard, prcs le Chateau d'Eau" by Brocas, from Marlet, Tableux de Paris (Paris: 1820), plate www.miraclefactory.com 17. Courtesy Edwin A. Dawes Collection.

I L L U S I K A T I O N S

96. Wizard, frontispiece to Ingleby, Whole Art of Legerdemain (London: 1815) in Magic, vol. 7, no. 3 (December 1906). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

97. Ingleby, frontispiece to Ingleby, Whole Art of Legerdemain, from Houdini, Unmasking 98. The Invisible Girl; SWC 99. The Invisible Woman, from Hopkins, Magic 100. "Lc ne'eromancien populaire,"drawn by Victor Adam, woodcut bv Andrew Best Leloir, from L'Illustration, Journal Universel (June 18, 1848). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

101. David Prince Miller bill, from Magic, vol. 10, no. 3 (December 1909). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

102. Cornillot bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 103. Madame Girardelli, from Morley, Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair 104. Comte sketch by Dantan, Musee des Families (1843). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

105. Bosco; SWC 106. Bosco and, on right, a caricature of statesman Camillo Benso di Cavour; "Due Celcbri Prestigiatori Torinesi" from // Pasquino (May 1 3, 1860). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

107. Alfred de Caston. Courtesy David W. Findlay.

108. Eugene Bosco, from Houdini, Unmasking CHAPTER 8 109. Macallister, from Clcason's Pictorial (November 11, 1851). Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

110. Dc Rovere bill (1828), Magic, vol. 1, no. 12 (September 1901). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

111. Signor Blitz, from Blitz, Fifty Years m the Magic Circle (San Francisco and Hartford: 1 871) 1 12. Detail of Testot bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 113. Blitz plate spinning. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

114. Blitz photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

115. Ching Lau Lauro bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 16. Herr Alexander bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 17. Alexander Heimburger portrait, from Houdini, Unmasking 118. Sutton bill (1838), Magic, vol. 1, no. 7 (April 1901). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

1 19. Anderson sketch of his childhood home, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 20. Anderson as a young man; SWC 121. Anderson, from The Sphinx portfolio of prints (n.d.)

122. Anderson Music Hall bill (1854), Magic, vol. 3, no. 4 (January 1903). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

12 3. Anderson Bottle parody, from Houdini, Unmasking 124. Anderson Suspension bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 125. Anderson Scrapbook bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 126. Anderson farewell bill (1854), Magic, vol. 3, no. 5 (February 1903). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

127. Anderson check. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

128. Notice of Anderson's death (1874), Magic, vol. 1, no. 10 (July 1901). Courtesy Richard Kaufman. conjuringarts.org

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129. Anderson bill mocking Eagle, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 30. "The Secret of the Draped Table"; SWC 131. Le Bucke bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 132. Jacobs portrait, from Houdini, Unmasking 133. Jacobs; SWC 1 34. Phillippe, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 35. Phillippe bill (1846), Magic, vol. 3, no. 2 (November 1902). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

1 36. Phillippe drawing, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 37. Macallister portrait. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

1 38. Macallister bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 1 39. Dobler bill (1842), from Houdini, Unmasking 140. Dobler; SWC 141. Dobler, from Houdini, Unmasking 142. Dobler, from Houdini, Unmasking 143. Robin photograph, from Houdini, Unmasking 144. Robin performing Second Sight. Courtesy Edwin A. Dawes Collection.

CHAPTER

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145. Robert Houdin, sepia photograph by Mieusement, frontispiece to Robert-Houdin, Confidences et Revelations: Comment On Dc\icnt Sorcicr (Paris: 1868). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

146. Robert-Houdin, from Houdini, Unmasking 147. Robert-Houdin suspension. Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

148. Roberl-1 loudin and son, frontispiece to Robert-Houdin, Une Vie d'Artiste (Lille and Grammont: n.d.). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

149. Robert-Houdin bust, from Houdini, Unmaskmq 150. Robert-Houdin souvenir program. Courtesy Andre Keimc Robert-Houdin.

151. Fan from Robert-Houdin's Soirees Fantastiqucs; SWC 152. Robert-Houdin's automaton Debureau, from William Manning, Recollections of RobertHoudin (reprint Malibu: 2000). Courtesy Burton Sperber.

153. Robert-Houdin bill, Irom Houdini, Unmasking 154. L'Oranger Fantastique Irom R o b e r t - H o u d i n , Confidences d'un Prestidigitateur

(Paris: 1859).

Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

155. Masthead of Le Cagliostro. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

1 56. Robert-Houdin in London, from Illustrated London News (December 23, 1848) 157. Robert-Houdin portrait (ca. 1860) from box office of Theatre Robert-Houdin, from The Magic Wand, vol. 44, no. 249 (March 1956). Courtesy Martin Breese.

1 58. Georges Melies calling card. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

1 59. Robert-Houdin, from The Magic Wand, vol. 46, pt. 2, no. 254 (n.d.). Courtesy Martin Breese.

160. Hamilton with fire bowls; SWC 161. Hamilton, from Michel Seldow, Vie et Secrets de Robert-Houdin (Paris: 1971) 162. Portion of Brunnet notice, Journal Amusant (November 21, 1874). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

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1 I I U ST R AT IO N S

163. Lassaigne; SWC. 164. Hofzinscr, from Houdini, Unmasking 165. Lassaigne, "In a poetic golden room, Lassaigne makes a clock obey his commands and remind us of the time the charming magician makes us forget," lithograph, Veuve Giraud, Lyons. Courtesy Hjalmar.

166. Lassaigne, "Lassaigne proves that when days are dreary, he needs onl\ a hat to create light," lithograph Veuve Giraud, Lyons. Courtesy Hjalmar.

167. Frikell, from Barry Duncan, The Si. James's Theatre (London: 1964) 168. Frikell performance, Magic, vol. 2, no. 4 (January 1902). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

169. Frikell, from Houdini, Unmasking 170. Frikell bill, from Illustrated London News (January 9, 1858). Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

171. Compars Herrmann photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

172. Suspension, detail from Compars Herrmann bill, horn Houdini, Unmasking 173. Compars Herrmann photograph. Courtesy American Museum ol Magic.

174. Charlier sketch, from Charles Bertram, Isn't It Wonderful? (London: 1896) 175. 176. Two pages from Charlier program (1882), The Sphinx, vol. 47, no. 9 (November 1948) C H A P T E R 10 177. The Fakir of Oolu; SWC 178. Heller photograph, from Houdini, Unmasking 179. Heller photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

180. Heller bill (1853), from Houdini, Unmasking 181. Heller bill (ca. 1851), from Houdini, Unmasking 1 82. Joseph Michael Hart/, Hart/'s New Book of Magic (New York: 1 866) 183. Hart/ "Devil of a Hat"; SWC 184. Colonel Stodare, Magic, vol. 1, no. 12 (September 1901). Courtesy Richard Kaufman.

185. The Sphinx; SWC 1 86. Stodare and basket effect; SWC 187. Dr. Lynn program. Courtesy American Museum ol Magic.

188. Dr. Lynn (1882), from How It's Done. Courtesy Edwin A. Dawes Collection.

189. Savren bill (185 5), from Houdini, Unmasking 190. William S. Norris; SWC 191. Poletti bill, Magic, vol. 8, no. 3 (December 1907) 192. Nicholay. Courtesy Courtesy Bob Read.

193. Cazeneuve; SWC 194. Cazeneuve, from Evans, The Old and the Sew Magic 195. Alexander Herrmann, from New York Clipper (April 14, 1894), retouched. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

196. Alexander Herrmann bill. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

197. Alexander Herrmann bill. Courtesy American Museum ol Magic.

198. Trewey photograph. Courtesy American Museum ol Magic.

199. Trewey photograph. Courtesy American Museum ol Magic. conjuringarts.org

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200. Sccman. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

201. Robert-Houdin autograph to Maskelync, ca. 1870. Courtesy Ken Klosterman, Salon de Magie.

CH 202.

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APTER 1 1 Maskelyne and Cooke, "Fakirs of Benares"; SWC Davenport Brothers, from Houdini, Unmasking Davenport Brothers hill, from Price, Short Title Catalogue Davenport Brothers bill, from Houdini, Unmasking Davenport Brothers, from Houdini, Unmasking Lincoln and Davis as the Davenport Brothers, "The American Brothers; or 'How will they get out of it?'" by John Tenniel, Punch, vol. 47 (November 5, 1864). Courtesy Michael Claxton.

John Nevil Maskelyne photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Maskelyne and Cooke cabinet; SWC Egyptian Hall photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

John Nevil Maskelyne, from Evans, The Old and the New Magic Maskelyne and Cooke program (1895). Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Egyptian Hall sketches, "Messrs. Maskelyne and Cooke's Anti-Spiritualistic Entertainment at the Egyptian Hall," The Graphic (February 16, 1878). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

John Nevil Maskelyne and automata; SWC John Nevil Maskelyne and Zoe, The Entr'acte (January 24, 1885). Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Disraeli as John Nevil Maskelyne in "Punch's Essence of Parliament" by Linley Sambournc, Punch, vol. 68 (March 27, 1875). Courtesy Michael Claxton.

Bertram, from C. Lang Neil, The Modern Conjurer (Philadelphia and London: 1902) Bertram sketch from Bertram, A Magician in Many Lands (London: 1911) Bertram, from C. Lang Neil, The Modern Conjurer (Philadelphia and London: 1902) Bertram, from Bertram, A Magician in Many Lands De Kolta, from Evans, The Old and the New Magic De Kolta program. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

De Kolta program. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Verbeck program. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Morritt, from Laurance Glen, The Magician's Road to Fame (London: n.d. [1922]) Devant brochure. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Devant, from Glen, The Magician's Road to Fame Valadon photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Valadon poster; SWC Devant, from Ottokar Fischer, Illustrated Magic (New York: 1944) Devant photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Sketches of John Nevil Maskelyne vs. Colley trial, from Price, Short Title Catalogue Egyptian Hall. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

Devant with children; SWC John Nevil Maskelynewww.miraclefactory.com autograph. Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

I I I U S T It A T I O N S

236. Okito photograph (1922). Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

237. Oswald Williams poster, from Glen, The Magician's Road to Fame CHAPTER 12 238. Germain photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

239. De Vere bill. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

240. Dc Vcre bill. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

241. Cazman poster. Glen, The Magician's Road to Fame 242. Aimce Desiree poster; SWC 243. Professor Hoffmann photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

244. Wyman sketch. Evans, The Old and the New Magic 245. Kellar photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

246. Detail from Kellar check. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

247. Leipzig photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

248. Downs, from advertisement in Will Goldston, Secrets of Magic (London: ca. 1907) 249. Malini sketch, unidentified newspaper clipping. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

250. James Elliott photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

251. Chung Ling Soo silhouette, from Evans, The Old and the New Magic 2 52. Chung Ling Soo Cannon Trick; SWC 25 3. William E. Robinson sketch, The Sphinx, vol. 45, no. 3 (May 1946) 254. Lafayette poster; SWC 255. Lafayette photograph. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

256. Powell, from Fischer, Illustrated Magic 257. Thorn photo. Courtesy American Museum of Magic.

258. Roland poster, trom Glen, The Magician's Road to Fame CH A P T E R 13 259. Asi Kitch San, from Illustrated London News (February 22, 1867) 260. Suspension, from Sacred Books of the East Described (London and Madras: 1896) 261. Sheshal, from Houdini, Unmaskinq 262. "Chinese Jugglers"; SWC 263. Mango Tree Trick, Illustrated London News 264. "The Indian Jugglers" from Ackermann's Repository oj Arts (October 1, 1813) 265. Indian jugglers, from Fournel, Le Vieux Paris 266. Egyptian conjurer, from Illustrated London News (November 2, 1889) 267. Egyptian conjurer, from The Graphic (January 2, 1892) 268. Ramo Samee bill, lrom Houdini, Unmasking 269. Indian Jugglers bill, from Houdini, Unmasking 270. Indian conjurer, from Evans, The Old and the New Magic 271. The Butterfly Trick, from Hopkins, Magic 272. The Butterfly Trick, from Samri S. Baldwin, Secrets of Mahal ma I and Explained (Brooklyn: 1895) 273. Japanese conjurer "From A Lecture on Magic, a book in Chinese (Chung Ling Soo Collection)"; SWC conjuringarts.org

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COLOR SECTION 274. Benjamin Eugene Fichel (1826-1895), "The Magician" (1882). Oil on panel. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

275. Bartholomew Fair fan published by John Frederick Setchel. Courtesy Museum of London.

276. Pasquier, "L'Escamoteur." Etched copperplate engraving, colored by Morette or Moret (1790-1820). Courtesy Hjalmar.

277. Jean Francois Bosio (1764-1827), "L'Escamoteur." Stipple engraving by Louis Charles Ruotte. Courtcsv Bob Read Collection.

278. Honore Daumicr, Robert Macaire, from Cancaturana. Fland-colored lithograph, no. 14 in a series of 100, pub. by Chez Aubert, galerie Vero-Dodat, Imp. Aubert. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

279. "Maitrc Gonin, escamoteur," from Musee des Families, no. 8 (1 845), Lectures du Soir. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

280. Carle Vernet ( 1 7 5 8 - 1 8 35), "L'escamotcur. La premiere muscade, la voila." H a n d - c o l o r e d lithograph, plate 91 from Cris dc Paris (1820). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

281. John James Chalon (1778-1854), "L'Escamoteur," I'rom Costumes of Paris (August 1, 1820).

Hand-colored lithograph, pub. by Rodwell and Martin, London. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

282. Hippolyte Bellange (1800-66), Grand Reussite en Coeur! (1828). Lithograph, plate 7 of 12. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

283. "Robert-Houdin's Famous Rabbit Trick," frontispiece to Hanky Panky (London: 1872) 284. "Scene from the Drury Lane Pantomime," hand-colored illustration, The Illustrated London News (January 12, 1878). Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

285. Automaton Chess Player, hand-colored journal illustration. Courtesy Todd Karr Collection.

286. "The Wonderful Pig of Knowledge. Printed for and Sold by Carington Bowles, no. 69, St. Pauls Church Yard, London." Bob Read Collection.

287. Madame Girardelli, The Celebrated Fire Proof Female. Published by P. W.Fores (added by hand: "V Wonderful Mag. Vol VI 1817"). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

288. "The Indian Jugglers." Aquatint with hand colouring, published October 1, 181 3 at R. Ackermann's, from Acker mann's Repository of Arts (1809-1816). Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

289. William Sams, 'The Juyglcr oj the Chateau d'Eau" from A Tour Through Paris (London: 1822). Aquatint, after "L'Escamoteur, sur le boulevard, pres le Chateau d'Eau" by Brocas, from Marlet, Tableux de Paris (Paris: 1820), plate 17. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

290. Portrait assumed to be Reginald Scot (1 581), oil on wood panel. Courtesy North Carolina Museum of Art. Portrait noted by Harry Reeves.

291. Escamoteur. Bronze inkwell of a street magician, early nineteenth century. Courtesy Bob Read Collection.

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