Discuss the anti-globalisation movement and its link to animal abuse. The anti-globalisation movement emerged in the 20th century and is becoming increasingly relevant in modern society. Despite being closely related to the process of globalisation, antiglobalisation is a movement that has become more popular in the 21st century and different sectors such as the animal activist movement have taken a political stand by supporting antiglobalisation. To further explore this relationship, globalisation as a concept will be defined which will be followed by a detailed discussion and definition of anti-globalisation. This discussion will refer to the case study of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
Comment [B1]: The main points in order of discussion have been mentioned in the introduction.
Globalisation is phenomena that transpired more so in the 21st century in which states begin to lose their sovereignty as they become co-dependent on each other. This concept can be defined as a creation of a ‘global village’ of interdependence in which networking was easily made through aspects such as technology and trade (Bradley, 2003: 1125). Anti-globalisation (also known as the counter globalisation movement) does not wholly reject the concept of globalisation, as some aspects of the latter are embraced such as travelling, communication and access to information. However anti-globalisation is radical in nature as
Comment [B2]: This is the statement / topic sentence of the paragraph. It is telling us what will be discussed in the paragraph.
it states globalisation leads to exploitation (Eschle and Maiguashca, 2005: 29). This is believed to occur more in the global economic and political structures in International Relations. Anti-globalisation is closely related to democratic principles, with the interest of protecting the vulnerable groups within the global community through grassroots participation and encouraging co-operative decision making. Therefore the anti-globalisation movement is an umbrella concept that includes a number of organisations that are fighting for justice, which include protection of the environment and animals. Financial institutions such as the WTO and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been frowned upon because anti-globalists believe that these organisations benefit by globalisation as they fundamentally encourage rich countries to exploit developing countries and as well as exploit specific sectors such as the environment. This exploitation leads to the lowered accountability of these financial institutions. The WTO in particular has been criticised particularly for its roles in animal and environmental crimes (WTO, 2010). Many anti-globalists believe species are endangered due to the WTO’s policies and favouring richer countries, which encourages exploitation within the international environment. The WTO has been further criticised for not protecting animal and plant life through policies that favour global trade over endangered species. In the mid-1990s, the United States of America (USA) passed a law that banned shrimp exports from states that failed to protect
Comment [B3]: The abbreviation has been used here because the word has been written out in full earlier in the assignment. Comment [B4]: When first introducing a term that has an abbreviation, one needs to write the whole word out first followed by the abbreviation. Thereafter, one can just refer to the abbreviation throughout the work.
the sea turtle, an endangered species. This affected the trade of several Asian countries, which led to the WTO authorising these countries to invoke sanctions against US exports. In conclusion, the anti-globalisation movement that opposes exploitation associated with the process of globalisation. Large multi-national corporations such as the IMF and WTO have been openly opposed by anti-globalists as they believe they exploit society and more specifically the environment.
Comment [B5]: An example has been included to further strengthen the argument.
Bibliography Bradley, Mark, 2003. “Globalisation / Anti-globalisation”, Journal of Political Science, 36 (5), pp. 1124- 1125. Eschle, C and Maiguashca, B., 2005., Critical Theories, International Relations and ‘the antiGlobalisation Movement’: The Politics of Global Resistance. Oxon : Routledge. Falk, R., 1999., Predatory Globalisation: A Critique. United Kingdom: Polity Gills, B., 2000., Globalisation and the Politics of Resistance. USA: Palgrave The World Trade Organisation (WTO), 2010. [online] Available at: http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/utw_chap3_e.pdf January 2013]
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