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EDITORIAL
COPPER CONNECTIONS Our aim with Copper Architecture Forum is to highlight some of the best contemporary architecture from around Europe. But it is also illuminating to connect projects that share similar contexts, typologies, scales or programmes to explore how different architects use copper to respond to common issues. Our first two projects address the challenges of successfully integrating modern interventions within historic town centre settings. The Moon in Mechelen, Belgium (pages 4 – 7), takes its theme from the neighbouring decorated historic stone tower, reinvented as delicately folded, golden copper alloy surfaces. Equally contemporary are brass-clad additions to the restored classical palace in Kortrijk, also in Belgium (pages 8 – 9). Another intervention to a historic building, in Areosa, Portugal (pages 10 – 13), uses a copper cloak to transform a stone ruin into a thoroughly modern villa. Its architectural expression of the typology makes an interesting comparison with a similar scale villa built on a rock outcrop overlooking the estuary near Turku, Finland (pages 14 – 15). Next, we review two school buildings, both responding vigorously to their urban contexts. A brass-clad children’s nursery in Paris (pages 16 – 19) stands its ground against the bland multi-storey housing that surrounds it and provides a new focus for local residents. Similarly, a dramatic golden copper alloy high-street frontage unites several disparate buildings that constitute a south London school (pages 20 – 23).
Moving to university buildings, a student accommodation tower in Lund, Sweden (pages 24 – 27) makes the most of its parkland setting, highlighting its verticality with differing shades of pre-oxidised copper. A very different approach is taken to a new school of art with housing, right at the heart of Calais, France (pages 28 – 31), characterised by its trio of copper alloy mesh screens dominating the street frontage. Copper plays a leading role in the street-scene at the heart of Lahti, Finland too (pages 32 – 37). A new transport interchange outside the main railway station makes a dramatic statement with its use of copper that reaches out to the local area on bus stops, stair enclosures and other neighbouring elements, uniting and lifting the quality of the cityscape. Completing our journey is a straightforward, modern building in a historic area of Hamburg (pages 38 – 39), defined by its smooth corners, elegantly executed in copper alloy shingles. We are keen to develop this magazine and the copperconcept.org website to meet your needs. Please do let us have your comments and feedback by completing the questionnaire or emailing your local member of the Editorial Panel. The Editorial Team
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Editor in Chief: Robert Pintér
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Editor: Chris Hodson RIBA
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Editorial team: Ari Lammikko, Chris Hodson, Graeme Bell, Herbert Mock, Hermann Kersting, Irina Dumitrescu, Robert Pinter
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E-mail: editorialteam@copperconcept.org
Copper Architecture Forum 40, June 2016
Address: CAF, European Copper Institute, Avenue de Tervueren 168 b-10, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
Copper Architecture Forum is part of the ”European Copper In Architecture Campaign”. It is published twice a year and has a circulation of 25.000 copies.
Layout and technical production: ECI
The magazine is distributed to architects and building professionals throughout Europe – and beyond – in English, Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian and Spanish languages.
Publisher: Nigel Cotton, ECI Printing: Copy & Consulting Kft., Hungary Editorial panel: Birgit Schmitz, De Kazimierz Zakrzewski, Pl Marco Crespi, It Nicholas Hay, UK Nikolaos Vergopoulos, Gr Nuno Diaz, Es Olivier Tissot, Fr Pia Voutilainen, Se, No, Fi, Dk Robert Pintér, Hu, Cz, Svk, Ru Yolande Pianet, Benelux
Cover: Lahti travel centre, Finland (page 32) Photo: Mika Huisman
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birgit.schmitz@copperalliance.de kazimierz.zakrzewski@copperalliance.pl marco.crespi@copperalliance.it nick.hay@copperalliance.org.uk nick.vergopoulos@copperalliance.gr nuno.diaz@copperalliance.es olivier.tissot@copperalliance.fr pia.voutilainen@copperalliance.se robert.pinter@copperalliance.hu yolande.pianet@copperalliance.eu
© Copper Architecture Forum 2016
CONTENTS
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2 COPPER CONNECTIONS – editorial comment
4 – 7 THE MOON OF MECHELEN – a contemporary intervention inspired by
the Apollo 11 lunar module unifies this children’s arts centre
8 – 9 ANCIENT AND MODERN – brass clad additions help transform a
historic palace into luxury apartments
10 – 13 RUSTIC REVITALIZATION – perforated and opaque copper panels
complement vernacular stone walls of this family home
14 – 15 COPPER OUTCROP – copper frames impressive views from this villa on a
rock outcrop high above the water
16 – 19 A PLEATED LANDSCAPE – although hidden from the street a new
crèche makes a strong design statement
20 – 23 UNITING COPPER – a dramatic copper alloy street façade announces the
entrance of this London school
24 – 27 STUDENT UNION – the design of this iconic copper tower is an exemplar
for successful student housing
28 – 31 ART AND MATERIALITY – a copper alloy in different forms was chosen
to inspire students at this school of art
32 – 37 TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTATION WITH COPPER – unexpected
applications of copper in a high quality urban realm
38 – 39 COPPER GOLDFISH – golden copper alloy ‘fish scales’ characterise this
new office building
© Copper Architecture Forum 2016
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THE MOON OF MECHELEN This cuboid theatre in the Belgian city of Mechelen is defined by its extraordinary, creased copper alloy surfaces – a contemporary reflection of the intricate Gothic tracery of the overlooking 14th century cathedral tower and inspired by moon landing craft. One of the designers Oscar Rommens, of import.export Architecture, tells us more. For 50 years, the Moon has been a major base for children’s arts at the heart of the city, representing theatre, art, poetry… and wonder. With 350 – 400 performances and 40,000 visitors every year, it was no surprise that the existing buildings became outdated and a thorough renewal needed. The old halls no longer met technical and safety demands, and offered too few opportunities for contemporary performance.
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Resulting from an architectural competition, our winning scheme involved renovation of the existing buildings – in close collaboration with architects Beeck/Oostpool – and the design of a new, small theatre complex in between ancient buildings, on top of an existing roof and in the shadow of the iconic St. Rombout’s Cathedral tower, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The golden cube contains the small hall, with a fully glazed café below linking the Moon with its neighbouring arts buildings.
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ALTERNATIVE DESIGN APPROACH We pursued an alternative to the conventional top-down approach to design which effectively zooms-in step-by-step from an urban scale, via the building’s architecture, down to the micro-scale of interior and furniture. Instead, we formulated a synchronous design process of multiple scales and disciplines. This multi-faceted approach, combining urban planning, architecture, historic preservation, technology and even interiors, resulted in fully integrated designs. This approach generated idiosyncratic visual, physical and tactile relationships between the new building and the surrounding ancient buildings, as well as an intermediate ‘coulisse’ landscape with specific, framed views from and through the building into its surroundings. It also structured the whole complex, creating independent circulation routes for the public, actors and administration, and also a number of user experiences, each with their own character, atmosphere and architectural language and detailing. Architects: import.export Architecture Specialist Copper Fabricator: Ridder Copper Product: Nordic RoyalTM Photos: Filip Dujardin
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COPPER CLOSE-UP
ON THE SURFACE OF THE MOON From the start, the centres’ name – the Moon – conjured up images for us of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module and its crumpled golden metal underside. We wanted to apply this look to the new cube extension, mirroring in a modern way the richness and hand-made, bespoke character of the cathedral tower stonework. The challenge was to achieve this within a modest building budget. In several early trials we experimented with pressing and folding flat metal over a blade. Final trials were carried out by a specialist fabricator to develop a series of gentle creases – almost, but not quite, 3-D. Then, seven different designs of panels were produced using press moulds, each with folds running across at various angles and intensities. By rotating and intermingling different panels, a random effect was created. Although the verticality of the overlapping panels is retained, giving structure to the facades, most transverse joints are not horizontal, further fragmenting the surface.
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ANCIENT AND MODERN Architect Tom Adins, of Adins - Van Looveren architecten, summarises his approach to designing contemporary interventions with brass facades for a historic building on the ‘Grote Markt’ main square of Kortrijk, Belgium. The Patria dates back to the 14th century but only traces of original medieval vaults remain from then. Following a devastating fire in the 18th century, the remainder was rebuilt as a classical city Palace. Further changes were made in the 20th century, resulting in a complex structure requiring rationalisation in our design. And at the same time, the historic part of the complex needed careful restoration as a protected monument.
BUILDING TRANSFORMATION The building complex has now been transformed into 6 luxury apartments, a corner house and a ground floor commercial space. In the design, historic character was always considered but there was also room for complete new parts like a remarkable copper alloy facade. To accentuate the new architecture we chose brass, alongside white render forming a transition between the old and the new. Although brass is a traditional material – and reflects the copper used on ancient churches in the nearby area – here it is used in a contemporary way. Over time, the brass will become matt and will change beautifully. The existing, classical facade was restored and fully painted white, and architectural LED lighting enhances the facades in a subtle way.
Architect: Adins - Van Looveren architecten Copper Installer: Demeestere Schrijnwerken Copper Product: TECU® Brass_bond Photos: Lennen Descamps
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RUSTIC REVITALIZATION
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This project in Areosa, northern Portugal proposes an alternative, contemporary approach to remodelling rustic vernacular buildings with a unifying copper cloak, as its architects Branco Cavaleiro Arquitectos explain.
The project involves revitalization of a two floor single-family building and annex, and its central concept stems from the existing main building, which is oriented towards the west and the Atlantic Ocean. We tried to suggest a different conceptual approach to the existing house, exploring new ideas but at the same time maintaining its identity, language, scale and volume, improving the relationship between the indoor and outdoor spaces.
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2ND FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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1ST FLOOR PLAN
OPAQUE AND TRANSPARENT COPPER To highlight contemporariness, we proposed a loose-fit outer façade – a new ‘skin’ defining the home. This consists of both opaque and transparent copper vertical cladding, fixed to a steel structure suspended from the existing facades. This ‘copper hat’ embraces the existing thick granite walls that persist despite the erosion of time, like the final piece of a puzzle that fits into the old building, completing it and restoring its original volume and scale. Simultaneously, the old and the new merge, yielding a composition whose shapes reflect the roofs of surrounding houses, giving visual continuity.
The surrounding landscape design aims to recover existing elements, such as tanks and walls, relocating them and giving them new functions. The pool and fountain design references the running water from existing mines in the vicinity. The orchard with various species of fruit trees, typical of the region’s backyards, has been restored and poplars added at the front of the house to counterbalance the buildings’ horizontality.
Architect: Branco Cavaleiro Arquitectos Copper Installer: Alberto Viera Pinto Copper Product: natural copper Photos: Jose Campos
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COPPER OUTCROP by Chris Hodson
Architect: Niko Sirviö Copper Installer: Suomen Ohutlevyasennus Oy Copper Product: natural copper
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Villa Saapaskallio is a substantial new home built high above the sea in southern Finland, on top of a sheltered rock outcrop. The main living areas on two levels enjoy spectacular views across the water to the city of Turku. This frontage is characterised by fully glazed facades, set back into a copper-clad framework which shelters generous, glass balustraded balconies. The entrance frontage presents a contrasting, almost defensive appearance rising up from the rock, which slopes away by around 11metres. Here, the upper floor walls surmount a massive, stone walled, 2-storey base and are fully clad in copper, with windows set flush. Architect Niko Sirvio commented: “The basis for our design was to ensure that it interacted with the environment. The predominant material we chose for the external surfaces was untreated copper, as this will change and patinate naturally over time”.
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A PLEATED LANDSCAPE
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A landlocked terrain that can be opened up – if you look on the bright side
Vladimir Doray of architects WRA discusses the synthesis of architecture and urban landscape central to his design for this brass-clad crèche, inspired by folded paper.
On an island site surrounded by a vast ‘HLM’ multi-storey housing complex In Belleville, Paris, and replacing a neglected sports field, we now find an abstract object – part garden, part science fiction spaceship. The object is a nursery for 44 children of local residents but it is also an architectural landscape, viewed from the housing above and designed to age gracefully. The fresh, pleated brass surfaces – some transparent, some opaque – along and above the west facade reflect the ‘bling bling’ of a rap video, which will soon change to an earthy patina.
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The nursery cannot be seen from the street: a canopy marks the entrance, leading visitors into the heart of the island, passing through the buildings on the street. Once inside, the children forget the buildings they passed, focusing on the courtyard that their rooms open onto. The crèche is set on one level, articulated internally by rooms in discreet ‘boxes’, easily recognisable for the children. The building aims to combine compact design and very good natural lighting, envelope performance, air quality and materials.
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LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION Its location on top of an existing parking facility determined a lightweight construction, a requirement easily satisfied with copper cladding, to avoid reinforcement of the existing structure. But it also reduces costs and boosts the building’s carbon footprint. The green roof is emblematic – a demonstration of the importance of rainwater and biodiversity, and how we can protect against climate change and ‘urban heat island’ impacts. But it also speaks of the very strong link between architecture and nature that can produce beautiful things.
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Architect: WRA Architectes Copper Installer: CCMM, Limay Copper Product: TECU® Brass Photos: Sergio Grazia Photographe
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UNITING COPPER A golden copper alloy frontage announces the entrance to this south London school – recipient of several awards, including Winner of the 2015 Architectural Review Schools Award – unifying disparate existing buildings, as architects Hayhurst and Co explain.
The expansion of Pegasus Academy comprises a new nursery, 6 new classrooms, an enlarged hall and new entrance and administration areas linking the two, previously separate, schools. The project unites a fragmented site with a series of interventions and extensions that thread new teaching spaces together through a complex arrangement of existing buildings.
Photo: Kilian O’Sullivan
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RESPONSIVE ROOFSCAPE
BRINGING SCHOOLS TOGETHER
The concept of a ‘responsive roofscape’ informs a site-wide strategy to revitalise the different learning environments and provide a controlled sense of scale to the new development. The miniature peaks of the nursery mimic the Victorian dormer windows of the Infant Hall. They form the surroundings of a new square where young children are dropped off and collected by their parents.
The new street facade brings the two schools together by adopting the pitches and massing of the Victorian buildings at either end, and is then cut in the middle to create a logical public entrance leading into the heart of the school. The resulting form leads the eye towards the Victorian Junior Gym, reinforcing its prime position in the group of buildings that make up the school’s frontage.
By contrast, the monolithic golden copper alloy pitch of the front facade is at the scale of a public building responding to the local streetscape. The scale of these pitches increases across the site, growing in response to the age of the children and defining the form of the rooms beneath.
The choice of golden copper alloy shingle cladding on the front façade reflects the key civic role that the school plays. The design responds to the school’s pride in itself: a building which declares itself as typologically different from its neighbours, that celebrates its role in the wider community and provides a 21st century learning environment for future generations.
Photo: Kilian O’Sullivan
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The choice of golden copper alloy shingle cladding on the front façade reflects the key civic role that the school plays
Photo: Anthony Coleman
Architect: Hayhurst and Co. Copper Installer: Richardson Roofing Copper Product: TECU® Gold
Photo: Kilian O’Sullivan
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We chose copper because of its durability and naturally changing beauty… a lightweight material to suit the irregularity of the building form
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STUDENT UNION This new copper tower in Lund, Sweden, designed by FOJAB arkitekter for the student organisation ‘Helsingkrona nation’, creates a landmark at the heart of its parkland setting and offers an exemplar for modern student housing. The 13-storey tower is built in a park on Lund University’s Faculty of Engineering (LTH) campus. Created in the 1960s, the LTH Park is characterised by copper-roofed, brick ‘slab’ buildings with a horizontal emphasis. Architect Mattias Hedberg Ek’s response was to create a vertical, freestanding element, as he explained: “The answer was to do something completely different – a tower that does not interrupt the park space.
Architect: FOJAB arkitekter Copper Installer: Lödde Plåt Copper Product: Nordic BrownTM/Nordic BrownTM Light Photos: (except indicated otherwise) Felix Gerlach
Photo: Pär-Marin Hedberg
“Although contrasting in form with its neighbours, the tower’s copper facades relate to the existing slabs’ copper roofs and details. The building’s verticality is accentuated by the modelling and varying heights of its volumes and the arrangement of copper cassettes, articulated in two shades of pre-oxidisation. We chose copper because of its durability and naturally changing beauty. Finally, we needed a lightweight material to suit the irregularity of the building form.” by Chris Hodson
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ALL CORNER APARTMENTS The project programme sought compact but flexible and high quality apartments. They are all based on the same concept – known as ‘Kompislägenheter’ in Swedish – where two ‘buddies’ share a living room, kitchen and bathroom but each has a private bedroom. With six flats on each floor, the plan form ensures a 60-degree view for all, making every one feel like a corner apartment overlooking the park and the nearby lake.
TOP FLOOR PLAN
It was important not only to provide housing but also communal spaces for the students, both to study and to socialise. On the top floor, a hall for dinners, lectures and other events enjoys spectacular views over Lund, Malmö and Öresund, with access to two of the rooftop terraces. The ground floor houses other public functions and the entrance area, which interacts with the busy traffic of students and teachers in the LTH campus area.
TYPICAL UPPER (APARTMENT) LEVELS PLAN
GROUND FLOOR (ENTRANCE) PLAN
A NEW TYPE OF LIVING
BASEMENT PLAN
The new tower is one of three projects nominated for the Swedish Association of Architects’ Architecture Award 2015. The judges commented that the design has: “put extra resources into common spaces, choice of materials and maintaining a high standard in execution, as well as having developed a new type of living together as friends.” COPPERCONCEPT.ORG 27
ART AND MATERIALITY 28 COPPER ARCHITECTURE FORUM 40/2016
Photo: Michel Denance
A new development right at the heart of the city of Calais, housing the new School of Art and 25 homes, plays a key urban regeneration role. Its architects ARC.AME discuss their choice of materials including a golden copper alloy – applied as a mesh, as well as opaque cladding.
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A school of art opens possibilities for contemplation of its materials and how they reflect the various artistic disciplines. We have chosen to use materials with strong identities in this context.
Copper alloy is used because of its intrinsic natural material qualities: its glow, luminosity, reflection and changes over time… but also for its exceptional durability, which has made copper a favourite for the most famous public monuments throughout history. Photo: Laurent Pezin
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Photo: Michel Denance
A convergence of its heritage in sculpture, engraving and architecture, copper best reflects the artistic ambition of the project. This is highlighted by the main boulevard façade where a woven mesh of the golden copper alloy opens like a curtain onto the town, acting as a filter over the glass façade, revealing the interior while simultaneously protecting it. The subtle effect of transparency and light reflects the life of the school and contributes to the town’s image. Contrasting with the smooth, burnished look of the copper alloy, the textured, sculptured appearance of concrete highlights the scale of the architecture. Planting in various forms completes this trilogy of core materials. A garden of arts, planted patios, roof gardens and a botanical wall make greenery omnipresent and visible to all.
Architect: ARC.AME Copper Installer: Rabot Dutilleul Construction Copper Product: TECU® Gold
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TRANSFORMING
TRANSPORTATION This new transport interchange offers an exemplary approach to the design and materiality of usually utilitarian elements such as bus shelters, lift enclosures and even road underpasses. Here, the consistent application of contemporary design with high quality materials such as copper unites disparate components and enhances the urban realm, as JKMM Architects explain.
Architect: JKMM Architects Copper Installer: Three L Technologies, Latvia Copper Product: Nordic Standard Photos: Mika Huisman Drawings: JKMM Architects
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WITH COPPER
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The New Travel Centre – located at the heart of the city of Lahti, Finland, and next to the existing, historic railway station – forms a transport hub connecting the rail network to both long-distance and local bus lines. It consists of a 60-metre long canopy for the bus terminal, enclosed lift and stair structures, local bus stops on the street and supporting landscape elements. There is also an 80-metre long tunnel underneath the centre. Together, these copper-clad elements create an easily perceived and high quality urban entity in the complex city environment, managing various level differences.
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OPAQUE, MESH AND PERFORATED COPPER In terms of the cityscape, the Travel Centre provides a cohesive and high quality feel, reinforced by its carefully chosen materials – copper, glass and aluminium. Partially in front of the railway station and straddling the new bridge deck built over the street below, stands the new terminal for intercity buses, with canopy and pillars clad in perforated copper. Next to it, the delicate and airy elevator tower uses glass in both the outer walls and load-bearing structures. Inside the glass shell, the elevator shaft is covered in copper sheet and copper wire mesh: an elegant counterpart to the powerful and streamlined silhouette of the canopy.
This and two other elevator towers, also made of glass and copper, connect the lower level street to the northern bus stop shelters on the street above. The space under the bridge deck is clad with anodized aluminium profiles, while the side-walls, parapet and face of the bridge structure are all copper-clad. Together they create an impressive copper portal. The Travel Centre is used throughout the year and around the clock. Therefore, special attention was paid to lighting. Light sources have been placed behind perforated copper parts in various elements and will enhance the character of the place during the darker seasons.
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MORE ONLINE
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COPPER GOLDFISH Known as ‘the Goldfish’, this new office building in Hamburg is characterised by its fish-scale covering of golden copper alloy shingles. Located in the developing waterfront Channel Hamburg area of the city’s Harburg district, the contemporary, clean lines and curved edges of the four-storey block engage with the surrounding historic buildings and more modern architecture that define the increasingly diverse area. Extensive glazing breaks up the golden skin on each elevation, highlighting the curved corners. The Goldfish is clad with 60 x 60 cm shingles of 0.7mm golden copper alloy, secured, via a separation layer, by stainless steel fixings to an aluminium trapezoidal substructure that is fixed to the concrete walls. To form the curved edges of the block, the trapezoidal profile is positioned vertically and the copper alloy shingles pressed to form the curve of the facade. This results in a high-quality, shimmering golden surface which will retain its colour over time. by Chris Hodson Architect: Trapez Architektur Copper Installer: HC Hagemann Copper Product: Nordic RoyalTM Photos: Olaf Rohl
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