GROUNDWATER, WATER MANAGEMENT AND HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
T8TA - WHAT’S THE DRILL ON GAS? - MARCH 2015 Wednesday, April 1, 15
OUTLINE Hydraulic fracturing - what are the risks? What do we know about location-specific risks? What we don’t know What we should know
Wednesday, April 1, 15
WHAT IS HYDRAULIC FRACTURING (FRACKING)?
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Fracking horizontally
The shale bed needs to be shattered nearly everywhere
(Source: John Cherry, Munk School of Global Affairs, May 2014) Wednesday, April 1, 15
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! "
" ! ! " ! " Hudson's Hope
! "
Wednesday, April 1, 15
! " ! " !! ! " " " ! " ! " ! ! "! " " ! ! "" " !
" "! ! "!
Hudson’s Hope ! " ! "
! "
Frac-Water: From Cradle to Grave Stream water
Surface storage at gas-well site
Water tanker trucks
Add: sand, biocides, scale inhibitors, acids, surfactants Flowback treatment “flowback” water Deep-well Injection
brine (metals)
(Modified from Jim Saiers (Yale), Resources for the Future conference on Managing the Risks of Shale Gas, Nov 2011) Wednesday, April 1, 15
WHERE DO WE HAVE SHALE GAS?
Wednesday, April 1, 15
(Source: l’ABC du gaz de schistes au Canada, Office national de l’énergie, 2009) Wednesday, April 1, 15
(Source David Hughes, 2013) Wednesday, April 1, 15
GROUNDWATER IS MOVING
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels Deep Well
Good seal
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels Deep Well
Good seal
Poor quality seal or absence of seal
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels Deep Well
Good seal
Poor quality seal or absence of seal
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Piezometric levels Deep Well
Good seal
Poor quality seal or absence of seal
Spring Aquifer 1
Wetland Aquifer 2
River
Aquifer 3
Groundwater flow
Target Zone Not to scale
Wednesday, April 1, 15
WHERE ARE THE PLAYS... AND WHERE IS GROUNDWATER?
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Ft Nelson
Ft St John
Hudson’s Hope
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Dawson Creek
Ft Nelson
Ft St John
Hudson’s Hope
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Dawson Creek
gas-bearing plays
formation pressure m hydraulic head 193 m-agl
highest recorded
water-bearing plays lowest recorded gas and water-bearing plays
Halfway (g+w) 190 m-agl
m-asl 1000
Baldonnel (w)
Cadotte (g+w) 490 m-bgl Head in Half
0
0
1000
0 -1000
way Head in Bald onnel Head in Cado tte
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-2000
-1000
-1000
?
Doig (g) Montney (g)
Baldonnel (w) Halfway (g+w) -2000 -2000
-2000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
5 km
10 km
15 km
20 km
gas-bearing plays
formation pressure m hydraulic head 193 m-agl
highest recorded
water-bearing plays lowest recorded
65 MPa 6500 m (w)
gas and water-bearing plays
Halfway (g+w) 190 m-agl
m-asl 1000
Baldonnel (w)
Cadotte (g+w) 490 m-bgl Head in Half
0
0
1000
0 -1000
way Head in Bald onnel Head in Cado tte
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-2000
-1000
-1000
?
Doig (g) Montney (g)
Baldonnel (w) Halfway (g+w) -2000 -2000
-2000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
5 km
10 km
15 km
20 km
SO, WHAT ARE THE RISKS ?
Wednesday, April 1, 15
The well integrity issue Well integrity refers to the degree in which a well is
sealed to prevent leakage of fluids, such as gas, from depth.
Well integrity is likely the most important shale gas issue: •
groundwater contamination •
(Source: John Cherry, Munk School of Global Affairs, May 2014) Wednesday, April 1, 15
climate change
Scenario for stray gas plume Domestic Well
gas plume
• Where the cracked cement intersect a permeable bed, lateral gas migration occurs • Gas migration away from the well via natural fractures in the rock or other pathways
(Source: John Cherry, Munk School of Global Affairs, May 2014) Wednesday, April 1, 15
May 2014 Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Sump
Source Water Well
Well Shaft Well Head and Activity
m
2k
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Abandoned
Active
Cancelled
Gas Testing
Completed
Suspended
Cased
Well Authority Granted
gas-bearing plays water-bearing plays gas and water-bearing plays
Active
Abandoned
Completed
Suspended
Cased
Source Water Well - depths unknown
Projection of well near the cross-section m-asl 1000
0
0
1000
0 -1000
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-1000
-2000
-1000
-2000 -3000
-3000
-2000
-2000 -3000
-4000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
-3000
-4000
-3000
5 km
10 km
15 km
20 km
In 5 or 10 years...
m-asl 1000
0
0
1000
0 -1000
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-1000
-2000
-1000
-2000 -3000
-3000
-2000
-2000 -3000
-4000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
-3000
-4000
-3000
5 km
10 km
for km illustration purposes) 15 km (Note: location of future O&G wells is20
In 5 or 10 years...
m-asl 1000
0
0
1000
0 -1000
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-1000
-2000
-1000
-2000 -3000
-3000
-2000
-2000 -3000
-4000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
-3000
-4000
-3000
5 km
10 km
for km illustration purposes) 15 km (Note: location of future O&G wells is20
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
2030... 2050
Cadotte (g+w)
500 m-bgl
Wednesday, April 1, 15
2030... 2050
Cadotte (g+w)
500 m-bgl
Wednesday, April 1, 15
2030... 2050
Cadotte (g+w)
500 m-bgl
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Low river level
Aquifers provide flow and temperature control!
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Low river level
Aquifers provide flow and temperature control!
Wednesday, April 1, 15
In 20, 30, ... , 50 years Montney
Wednesday, April 1, 15
In 20, 30, ... , 50 years Montney
Wednesday, April 1, 15
ARE THE RISKS.... REAL?
Wednesday, April 1, 15
WATER ALLOCATION
Wednesday, April 1, 15
OGC Northeast Water Tool
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Northeast Water Assessment Tool (NEWT) Query
Lynx Creek
Query Location: UTM-EASTING
559637
UTM-NORTHING
6218547
NAME
Lynx Creek
DATE
Mon Jan 7 2013 Monthly Runoff (m!) Potential Maximum Allocation (m!) Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Query Watershed
Drainage Area: Average Annual Precipitation: Average Elevation (m): Basin Centre - Easting: Basin Centre - Northing: Average Annual Unit Runoff: Average Annual Volume Runoff: Average Annual Discharge:
Month
Average Runoff (mm)
5,028 561.3 858.8 555621 6218396 128.2 6,445,769 0.2
Average Discharge (m!/s)
Average Runoff (m!)
ha mm m m m mm m! m!/s
Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Jan
1
0.02
50,529
42,950
Feb
0.9
0.02
43,291
Mar
1.3
0.03
67,702
Apr
6.6
0.13
May
37.4
Jun
31.8
Jul
23.7
Aug
Potential Maximum Allocation (m!)
Existing Allocation (Licenses or Approvals) (m!)
Remaining Potential for Allocation (m!)
Note
7,579
564
7,016
Winter Flow Limited
36,798
6,494
509
5,985
Winter Flow Limited
57,546
10,155
564
9,592
Winter Flow Limited
330,148
280,626
49,522
546
48,977
0.7
1,879,099
1,597,234
281,865
564
281,301
0.62
1,597,300
1,357,705
239,595
546
239,049
0.44
1,190,973
1,012,327
178,646
564
178,082
11.2
0.21
563,831
479,256
84,575
564
84,011
Sep
7.4
0.14
372,962
317,017
55,944
546
55,399
Oct
3.8
0.07
193,148
164,176
28,972
564
28,409
Nov
1.9
0.04
95,160
80,886
14,274
546
13,728
Dec
1.2
0.02
61,626
52,382
9,244
564
8,680
Annual
128.2
0.2
6,445,769
5,478,904
966,865
6,637
960,228
OGC Water Management Basin Drainage Area: Average Annual Precipitation: Average Elevation (m): Basin Centre - Easting: Basin Centre - Northing: Average Annual Unit Runoff: Average Annual Volume Runoff: Average Annual Discharge:
Month
Average Runoff (mm)
Average Discharge (m!/s)
Winter Flow Limited
Monthly Runoff (m!) Potential Maximum Allocation (m!) Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
32,202 539.2 786.9 559882 6221366 106.9 34,438,919 1.09
Average Runoff (m!)
ha mm m m m mm m! m!/s
Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Potential Maximum Allocation (m!)
Existing Allocation (Licenses or Approvals) (m!)
Remaining Potential for Allocation (m!)
Jan
0.7
0.09
239,200
203,320
35,880
1,127
34,753
Winter Flow Limited
Feb
0.7
0.09
209,539
178,108
31,431
1,018
30,413
Winter Flow Limited
Mar
1.1
0.13
342,197
290,867
51,329
1,127
50,202
Winter Flow Limited
Apr
5.6
0.69
1,793,606
1,524,565
269,041
1,091
267,950
May
33.2
4
10,703,197
9,097,717
1,605,480
1,127
1,604,352
Jun
26.1
3.24
8,394,981
7,135,733
1,259,247
75,100
1,184,147
Jul
19.1
2.29
6,142,936
5,221,496
921,440
75,136
846,304
Aug
9
1.08
2,901,872
2,466,591
435,281
75,136
360,145
Sep
6
0.75
1,942,323
1,650,974
291,348
25,761
265,588
Oct
3.1
0.37
994,681
845,479
149,202
1,127
148,075
Nov
1.5
0.19
479,865
407,885
71,980
1,091
70,889
Dec
0.9
0.11
294,522
250,344
44,178
1,127
43,051
Annual
106.9
1.09
34,438,919
29,273,081
5,165,838
259,970
4,905,867
Disclaimer:
The NorthEast Water Tool (NEWT) has been developed and placed on this website by the Wednesday, April 1, 15 Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) for the convenience of industry and the public.
LEGEND
Note
Existing Water Licence POD
Existing Section 8 POD
Query Point
Query Watershed
Winter Flow Limited
Disclaimer:
The NorthEast Water Tool (NEWT) has been developed and placed on this website by the Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) for the convenience of industry and the public.
Northeast Water Assessment Tool (NEWT) Query
Lynx Creek
Query Location: UTM-EASTING
559637
UTM-NORTHING
6218547
NAME
Lynx Creek
DATE
Mon Jan 7 2013 Monthly Runoff (m!) Potential Maximum Allocation (m!) Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Query Watershed
Drainage Area: Average Annual Precipitation: Average Elevation (m): Basin Centre - Easting: Basin Centre - Northing: Average Annual Unit Runoff: Average Annual Volume Runoff: Average Annual Discharge:
Month
Average Runoff (mm)
5,028 561.3 858.8 555621 6218396 128.2 6,445,769 0.2
Average Discharge (m!/s)
Average Runoff (m!)
ha mm m m m mm m! m!/s
Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Jan
1
0.02
50,529
42,950
Feb
0.9
0.02
43,291
Mar
1.3
0.03
67,702
Apr
6.6
0.13
May
37.4
Jun
31.8
Jul
23.7
Aug
Potential Maximum Allocation (m!)
Existing Allocation (Licenses or Approvals) (m!)
Remaining Potential for Allocation (m!)
Note
7,579
564
7,016
Winter Flow Limited
36,798
6,494
509
5,985
Winter Flow Limited
57,546
10,155
564
9,592
Winter Flow Limited
330,148
280,626
49,522
546
48,977
0.7
1,879,099
1,597,234
281,865
564
281,301
0.62
1,597,300
1,357,705
239,595
546
239,049
0.44
1,190,973
1,012,327
178,646
564
178,082
11.2
0.21
563,831
479,256
84,575
564
84,011
Sep
7.4
0.14
372,962
317,017
55,944
546
55,399
Oct
3.8
0.07
193,148
164,176
28,972
564
28,409
Nov
1.9
0.04
95,160
80,886
14,274
546
13,728
Dec
1.2
0.02
61,626
52,382
9,244
564
8,680
Annual
128.2
0.2
6,445,769
5,478,904
966,865
6,637
960,228
OGC Water Management Basin Drainage Area: Average Annual Precipitation: Average Elevation (m): Basin Centre - Easting: Basin Centre - Northing: Average Annual Unit Runoff: Average Annual Volume Runoff: Average Annual Discharge:
Month
Average Runoff (mm)
Average Discharge (m!/s)
OGC Assumption: Safe to take 15% of the flow
Winter Flow Limited
Monthly Runoff (m!) Potential Maximum Allocation (m!) Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
32,202 539.2 786.9 559882 6221366 106.9 34,438,919 1.09
Average Runoff (m!)
ha mm m m m mm m! m!/s
Reserved for Environmental Flow (m!)
Potential Maximum Allocation (m!)
Existing Allocation (Licenses or Approvals) (m!)
Remaining Potential for Allocation (m!)
Jan
0.7
0.09
239,200
203,320
35,880
1,127
34,753
Winter Flow Limited
Feb
0.7
0.09
209,539
178,108
31,431
1,018
30,413
Winter Flow Limited
Mar
1.1
0.13
342,197
290,867
51,329
1,127
50,202
Winter Flow Limited
Apr
5.6
0.69
1,793,606
1,524,565
269,041
1,091
267,950
May
33.2
4
10,703,197
9,097,717
1,605,480
1,127
1,604,352
Jun
26.1
3.24
8,394,981
7,135,733
1,259,247
75,100
1,184,147
Jul
19.1
2.29
6,142,936
5,221,496
921,440
75,136
846,304
Aug
9
1.08
2,901,872
2,466,591
435,281
75,136
360,145
Sep
6
0.75
1,942,323
1,650,974
291,348
25,761
265,588
Oct
3.1
0.37
994,681
845,479
149,202
1,127
148,075
Nov
1.5
0.19
479,865
407,885
71,980
1,091
70,889
Dec
0.9
0.11
294,522
250,344
44,178
1,127
43,051
Annual
106.9
1.09
34,438,919
29,273,081
5,165,838
259,970
4,905,867
Disclaimer:
The NorthEast Water Tool (NEWT) has been developed and placed on this website by the Wednesday, April 1, 15 Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) for the convenience of industry and the public.
LEGEND
Note
Existing Water Licence POD
Existing Section 8 POD
Query Point
Query Watershed
Winter Flow Limited
Disclaimer:
The NorthEast Water Tool (NEWT) has been developed and placed on this website by the Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) for the convenience of industry and the public.
Water extraction !"#$%&'()(*(+#$%,"(+--.&,/01(*($".2(34567(34587(3459 +--.&,":($&$/0(,&0;2"(<2=> +--.&,":($&$/0(,&0;2"(<&1-> ?".#"'$/@"(<A> !"#$ %&''( )*( (*+ ,-.$/ +'(( %*+ (*( 0-/$"12345$/ 6(77%7( +(86*8 68*& 9"-$/:0;</=$:><?;<8'@@6%8 %6'%*( &%*@ 9"-$/:0-;/"?$:04-$ &686() %7%*& &*7 A;-"B '68@(7' 87%&*7 %((*( !"# !"# $"#
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6)-+/#078/9+#:8;78-# 6)-+/#0-7/);+#04-+# $%"#
PRRD Short term water allocations ()*+# ,-.+/# 0-/+)12345+/# 6)-+/#078/9+#:8;78-# 6)-+/#0-7/);+#04-+#
Wednesday, April 1, 15
DISPOSAL WELLS
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Wednesday, April 1, 15
LEGEND Volume of water disposed (osp)
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Number of Wells Used for Disposal, By Drilling Date (BC) 60
50
50
42
Number of wells
40
37
30 23 20 14
13
10
10
0
Wednesday, April 1, 15
1951-1960
1961-1970
1971-1980
1981-1990
Drilling decade
1991-2000
2001-2010
2011-2014
25,000
For Wells Drilled in Each Decade, How Much Waste Has Been Injected? (BC) 23,791
Volume of liquid disposed of (OSP)
20,000
15,000
10,000 6,679 4,443
5,000 1,847 0
1951-1960
1,316
1961-1970
OSP = Olympic Swimming Pool = 2,500 m3 Wednesday, April 1, 15
3,812
1971-1980
1981-1990
671 1991-2000
Drilling decade of disposal wells
2001-2010
2011-2014
An Extraordinary Example: Well 2240
Water disposal well Drilled 1967-1968 Volume disposed (1968-6/2013): 41 M m³ (16,500 O.S.P.)
600
Drilled/completion 1967-1968
DESCRIPTION
WAN: 2240 Injection of liquid Valves
400
Surface casing (Grade J55) 214 Diameter: 340 mm (13")
200 SCATTER
Cement sheath
0.00
Well WAN: 2240
BUCKING HORSE
Depth m.a.s.l.
-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200
Intermediate casing (Grade J55) -299 Diameter: 245 mm (10")
DEBOLT
SHUNDA
BANFF
EXSHAW KOTCHO TETCHO TROUT RIVER KAKISA
16,494 OSP = 41 Billion litres, 39% of all liquid waste disposed of in BC
FORT SIMPSON
-1400 MUSKWA
-1600 -1800 -2000 Wednesday, April 1, 15
SLAVE POINT
-1632
Production casing (Grade N80) Diameter: 178 mm (7")
Open hole/barefoot completion Diamter: 159 mm (6") -1759
End of hole
Last Test completed on well 2240
•
Casing Collar Log - 2003. Interval depth -1486 to -1604 masl (1890 to 2008 m depth)
gas-bearing plays
Z-Zâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
water-bearing plays gas and water-bearing plays 03010 Orefyn Energy Advisors Corp. Disposal Well - Active Water to Halfway at Depth 1510 m Ground Elev 683 m asl
Z
00181 Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Disposal Well Suspended (2004) Water to Halfway at Depth 1495 m Ground Elev 670 m asl
Zâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Pine River 500
500
Peace River
500
500
0 m asl
Moberly River
500
Approximate Paleovalley
(?) Peace River (g+w) Harmon (g+w)
0 m asl
Spirit River (g+w)
0 m asl
0 m asl -500
Lower Cretaceous (g) Gething (g+w)
0 m asl
Cadomin (g+w) Nikanassin (g+w)
-500
Baldonnel (w)
-500
-1000
-500
-1000
-500
Halfway (g+w)
-1000
Doig (g)
-1000
Montney (g)
-1000
-1500
0
Note: depths and thicknesses of formations are approximate, extrapolated from the GeoScience BC Report 2011-11
Wednesday, April 1, 15
10
-1500
(?)
20
-1500
30 km
gas-bearing plays
Z-Z’ ~ 256 OSP of liquid waste disposed off (181: 111 OSP and 3010: 145 OSP)
water-bearing plays gas and water-bearing plays 03010 Orefyn Energy Advisors Corp. Disposal Well - Active Water to Halfway at Depth 1510 m Ground Elev 683 m asl
Z
00181 Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Disposal Well Suspended (2004) Water to Halfway at Depth 1495 m Ground Elev 670 m asl
Z’ Pine River 500
500
Peace River
500
500
0 m asl
Moberly River
500
Approximate Paleovalley
(?) Peace River (g+w) Harmon (g+w)
0 m asl
Spirit River (g+w)
0 m asl
0 m asl -500
Lower Cretaceous (g) Gething (g+w)
0 m asl
Cadomin (g+w) Nikanassin (g+w)
-500
Baldonnel (w)
-500
-1000
-500
-1000
-500
Halfway (g+w)
-1000
Doig (g)
-1000
Montney (g)
-1000
-1500
0
Note: depths and thicknesses of formations are approximate, extrapolated from the GeoScience BC Report 2011-11
Wednesday, April 1, 15
10
-1500
(?)
20
-1500
30 km
gas-bearing plays
Z-Z’ ~ 256 OSP of liquid waste disposed off (181: 111 OSP and 3010: 145 OSP)
water-bearing plays gas and water-bearing plays 03010 Orefyn Energy Advisors Corp. Disposal Well - Active Water to Halfway at Depth 1510 m Ground Elev 683 m asl
Z
00181 Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Disposal Well Suspended (2004) Water to Halfway at Depth 1495 m Ground Elev 670 m asl
Z’ Pine River 500
500
Peace River
500
500
0 m asl
Moberly River Approximate Paleovalley
(?) Peace River (g+w) Harmon (g+w)
0 m asl
Spirit River (g+w)
drilled in 1971
0 m asl
500
0 m asl -500
Lower Cretaceous (g) Gething (g+w)
0 m asl
Cadomin (g+w) Nikanassin (g+w)
-500
Baldonnel (w)
-500
-1000
-500
-1000
-500
Halfway (g+w)
-1000
Doig (g)
-1000
Montney (g)
-1000
-1500
0
Note: depths and thicknesses of formations are approximate, extrapolated from the GeoScience BC Report 2011-11
Wednesday, April 1, 15
10
-1500
(?)
20
-1500
30 km
gas-bearing plays
Z-Z’ ~ 256 OSP of liquid waste disposed off (181: 111 OSP and 3010: 145 OSP)
water-bearing plays gas and water-bearing plays 03010 Orefyn Energy Advisors Corp. Disposal Well - Active Water to Halfway at Depth 1510 m Ground Elev 683 m asl
Z
00181 Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Disposal Well Suspended (2004) Water to Halfway at Depth 1495 m Ground Elev 670 m asl
Z’ Pine River 500
500
Peace River
500
0 m asl
drilled in 1956!!
500
Moberly River Approximate Paleovalley
(?) Peace River (g+w) Harmon (g+w)
0 m asl
Spirit River (g+w)
drilled in 1971
0 m asl
500
0 m asl -500
Lower Cretaceous (g) Gething (g+w)
0 m asl
Cadomin (g+w) Nikanassin (g+w)
-500
Baldonnel (w)
-500
-1000
-500
-1000
-500
Halfway (g+w)
-1000
Doig (g)
-1000
Montney (g)
-1000
-1500
0
Note: depths and thicknesses of formations are approximate, extrapolated from the GeoScience BC Report 2011-11
Wednesday, April 1, 15
10
-1500
(?)
20
-1500
30 km
Shallow Aquifers
REALITY
Gas Plays Wednesday, April 1, 15
Gas Plays
Shallow Aquifers
Shallow Aquifers
REALITY
Gas Plays Wednesday, April 1, 15
Gas Plays
Shallow Aquifers
“ Don’t worry .... Everything is under control”
Gas Plays Wednesday, April 1, 15
Shallow Aquifers
REALITY
Gas Plays
WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Drinking Water Well
Disposal well
Drilling pad Dugouts
Creek
Shallow sand aquifer Deeper sand aquifer
Conceptual image of groundwater dynamic and connection to surface water Wednesday, April 1, 15
gas-bearing plays
formation pressure m hydraulic head 193 m-agl
highest recorded
water-bearing plays lowest recorded gas and water-bearing plays
Montney (g) 2060 m-agl
Doig (g) 650 m-agl
m-asl 1000
Halfway (g+w) 190 m-agl
Cadomin Gething (g+w) (g+w)
20 m-bgl
0
Falher A (g+w)
Head in Half 490 m-bgl
580 m-bgl
0 -1000
-1000
0
Cadotte (g+w)
10 m-agl 600 m-bgl
0
1000
Bluesky (g+w)
way Head in Bald onnel Head in Cado tte 0
Peace River (g+w) Spirit River (g+w)
-2000
Bluesky (g+w) Gething (g+w) Cadomin (g+w) Nikanassin (g+w)
-2000
-1000
-1000 -1000 Baldonnel (w)
Doig (g) Montney (g)
Halfway (g+w)
-2000
?
-2000
-2000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
5 km
10 km
15 km
20 km
m-asl 1000
0
0
1000
0 -1000
-1000
0
0 -1000
-2000
-1000
-2000
-1000
-2000 -3000
-3000
-2000
-2000 -3000
-4000
0 km Wednesday, April 1, 15
-3000
-4000
-3000
5 km
10 km
for km illustration purposes) 15 km (Note: location of future O&G wells is20
Peace River
Near Tumbler Ridge Wednesday, April 1, 15
dry river - dry bridge
Wednesday, April 1, 15
Photo: Gilles Wendling
THANK YOU Wednesday, April 1, 15