Midland Farmer July 2021 by Countrywide Publications

July 2021

Midland

Farmer Serving the farming industry across the Midlands

The Great Betrayal: UK-Australia deal is bad for British farmers, says Clodhopper

News Farmers bear brunt of fly-tipping Arable Help to combat ‘new blackgrass’ Livestock New grass varieties on latest list Oilseed rape High prices fuels return to crop Pig & Poultry Further reductions in antibiotics Professional Services Autumn start for pilot green scheme

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Midland Farmer

OPINION Johann Tasker

EDITORIAL Editor: Johann Tasker | T: 07967 634971 E: johann@ruralcity.co.uk

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Advertisement production: Jade Soanes | T: 01502 725840 E: jade.soanes@micropress.co.uk

ADVERTISING SALES Chloe Miller | T: 01502 725844 E: chloe.miller@micropress.co.uk Danny Lewis | T: 01502 725862 E: danny.lewis@micropress.co.uk Alistair Bailey | T: 01502 725854 E: alistair.bailey@micropress.co.uk Daniel Rice | T: 01502 725858 E: daniel.rice@micropress.co.uk

Midland Farmer is a controlled circulation magazine published monthly for farmers and growers in the Midlands (Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands and Worcestershire) or companies supplying goods and services to the sector. To be included on the circulation list, a farmer must have a minimum of 70 acres of land, or 50 dairy/beef stock, or 50 breeding sows/250 growing stock, or 15,000 laying hens/broiler chickens. Intensive horticulture units are required to have a minimum of two hectares. If you no longer wish to receive this magazine, please email your name, address and postcode as it appears on the wrapper to annie.fish@micropress.co.uk © Countrywide Publications 2021 Published by Countrywide Publications, Fountain Way, Reydon Business Park, Reydon Suffolk IP18 6DH T: 01502 725800 Printed by Micropress Printers Ltd T: 01502 725800

Sustainable Farming Incentive must be properly funded

overnment plans to overhaul the farm support system took another step forward last month when Defra published details of its Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI). The SFI will form the entry level of the forthcoming Environmental Land Management (ELM) scheme – which will eventually be phased in as the annual basic payment is phased out starting later this year. Some 2000 farmers said they were interested in taking part in a pilot version of the SFI. It will see them rewarded for undertaking sustainable farming practices – including measures aimed at looking after the environment. Defra say it wants the scheme to be as simple and straightforward as possible. It is working in partnership with the Rural Payments Agency to deliver the pilot, which will gather ongoing information from a range of participating farm types. Participants will take part in a range of activities, providing rapid feedback on their experience of all aspects of the pilot. Defra says this will ensure the scheme is tested, fully workable and user-friendly once fully rolled out from 2024.

Contents

In the first phase of the pilot, participants will be able to select from an initial set of eight standards to build their own agreements. The standards will promote cleaner air and water, and guard against environmental risks such as climate change and flooding. Within each standard there are three levels for participants to choose from – Introductory, Intermediate and Advanced. Each level is more challenging, and more rewarding, than the previous level and delivers greater environmental benefits. Although the window for farmers to express an interest in joining the first phase of the Sustainable Farming Incentive pilot is now closed, Defra says there will be more opportunities to participate in future phases of the pilot. It is vital that the pilot scheme works. And that means farmers must be adequately rewarded for the environmental work they are expected to undertake. Otherwise the scheme will fail before it starts. We will be watching progress with interest. Johann Tasker, Editor

Vol 10 • No 7 • July 2021

News .................................................................... 4 Arable .................................................................. 8 Oilseed rape .....................................................18 Livestock .......................................................... 24 Pig & Poultry ................................................... 27

Sheep ................................................................. 35 Professional services.................................. 38 Machinery ....................................................... 44 Final say ........................................................... 46

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News Fly-tipping: Farmers bear brunt of epidemic • Rubbish dumped in field entrances • Almost half of farmers aﬀected • Criminal gangs are among culprits

armers are the group most affected by the illegal dumping of large amounts of rubbish, according to new figures from the Environment Agency. The finding has prompted the NFU to renew its call for urgent action to tackle the problem Fly-tipping remains a priority issue for rural communities, said NFU deputy president and Stuart Roberts. The rising number of incidents is having a devastating impact on farm businesses across the country, said Mr Roberts. More must be done to prevent fly-tipping from taking place, reminding the public of their responsibilities and punishing offenders. “This survey has again thrown into sharp focus the extensive problems flytipping is causing. I hear every day about industrial-scale amounts of rubbish such as builder’s rubble, old furniture, kitchen appliances and used

tyres being dumped in fields.” Earlier this year, the NFU’s own rural crime survey revealed that fly-tipping was the most prolific crime experienced by NFU members, with nearly half (48%) of those surveyed saying they had been affected by fly-tipping in the past year.

Organised crime “These crimes must be taken seriously,” said Mr Roberts. “We need to understand the links to organised crime and commit to levelling up policing for both urban and rural areas to create a safer, cleaner and greener rural Britain. “It’s clear the public agree. Recently more than 50,000 people signed an open letter to the newly elected Police and Crime Commissioners calling for better collaboration to tackle prevention, clean-up and prosecution. Mr Roberts added: “Everyone hugely values the

More must be done to combat offenders who dump rubbish, says the NFU Below: Bigger fines and stiffer sentences are needed, says Stuart Roberts.

benefits the countryside brings, and none of us want it blighted by huge amounts of rubbish being strewn across fields and on the sides of rural roads.” The NFU wants the Environment Agency to work together with police, local authorities, and farmers to tackle the problem. In some areas these relationships work well but the NFU says a more consistent approach is needed across the country. It says householders should be better informed about their legal obligations to ensure their rubbish is properly handled. Many people may not realise they are criminally liable for their rubbish being illegally dumped, even if someone else is responsible. “Offenders caught dumping waste illegally must also see the fines as a proper punishment and these must act as a deterrent,” said Mr Roberts.

Farming needs image revamp to attract workers

griculture needs to improve its image to attract more workers and prevent disastrous labour shortages from contiuing, say experts. Potential employees are being put off by the belief that farming is a sector with low pay, long hours, poor work-life balance, bad conditions, lack of progression, heavy physical labour and unskilled work. Commissioned by the Worshipful Company of Farmers and the John Oldacre Foundation, researchers from Exeter University examined the perception of agriculture and employee labour issues for both seasonal jobs 4 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

and more permanent roles. “Farming is an ‘invisible career’ to anybody who isn’t from a farming background, and this needs to change,” said report co-author Caroline Nye. “Potential career opportunities in agriculture go far beyond simply picking fruit, and often involve working with complex technology and machinery, with some farm managers earning over £90,000 a year.” Farms must become more competitive, flexible and attractive places to work in order to drive recruitment, says the study. The report suggests potential new en-

trants for permanent jobs in the industry might include people from a greater range of backgrounds. This includes people leaving the armed services, ex-offenders and people from disadvantaged backgrounds. It says the Ministry of Defence should do more to spread awareness of agricultural opportunities – introducing more training schemes aimed at veterans from non-farming backgrounds. Brexit, the coronavirus pandemic, currency fluctuations and new immigration laws are likely to exacerbate labour shortfalls in the coming years, the report warns.

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News

Hi-tech approach to reduce farm fatalities

arming’s high number of fatal accidents could be reduced by adopting a high-tech approach to workplace safety. More than 30 people died in farmrelated accidents during the past 12 months, according to the Health and Safety Executive. The greatest risk comes when working with machinery, livestock or at height. Innovations to improve farm safety were unveiled at an Agri-TechE online event. They included a machinery audit activated by QR code, a risk assessment tool, and motion sensor alerts for moving machinery. Agri-TechE director Belinda Clarke said: “More people are using digital technologies for a greater range of applications. This creates a huge opportunity for making safety and compliance part of the culture on-farm.” The Farm365 machinery safety and audit app is triggered by scanning a QR code located on the equipment in question. The idea came from Farm365 founder and Norfolk-based safety consultant Lizzie Creed.

“We’re losing somebody in agriculture every two weeks,” she said. “I thought ‘there is technology for everything else on-farm, but most health and safety monitoring is paper-based – we’ve got to start doing something differently’.” The Farm365 app makes it easy to keep up with machine safety checks and food compliance audits. Scanning the QR code brings up pre-work checklists, the machine’s service history and food safety checks.

Safe practices For Katy Landt, it was a near-miss on the family farm in Australia that persuaded her to launch Safe Ag Systems. It makes it easier to encourage safe practices among farm workers, including older employees. Ms Landt explained: “Fatigue and working alone in remote areas is a huge contributor to the statistics. The reality is that we can’t eliminate all of these risks but what we can do is reduce them.” Safe Ag Systems captures records

The Farm365 app makes it easier to keep up safety checks, says Lizzie Creed (below)

across employment, company policy and all types of procedure. It can also be used to educate farm workers, capture chemical or fuel usage, report hazards and alert someone or call for help in an emergency. Ben Sturgess, founder of tech company Pathfindr, is developing a wearable solution to address the high rate of vehicle related injury in agriculture. It uses ultra-wideband (UWB) technology that sets off an alarm when safety measures are breached.

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Arable Wanted: Call for help to prevent ‘new blackgrass’

armers across the region are being asked to help combat the spread of rat’s tail fescue – a grass weed already posing problems in Denmark, France and Spain. Scientists say the weed – which causes significant economic damage – is starting to take hold in England and Wales. It is predominantly a threat in no-till winter cereals, where it rapidly forms dense carpets and competes with the crop. In Australia, where rat’s tail fescue has been present in fields for more than 50 years, farmers have incurred hefty losses through crop yield reduction and contamination of forage and wool. Research leader Lucie Büchi, of Greenwich University, said rat’s tail fescue was a relatively new grass weed in crops but of increasing concern. In the UK, it is present in natural habitats, but its distribution in arable fields is yet unknown. “We are launching a UK-wide survey to better understand the current

knowledge and distribution of this species in the UK, and its association with cropping practices. It’s really important we get on top of this before it becomes another blackgrass.” As part of the survey, farmers will be asked to answer questions about their location, soil type and general agronomy. The aim is to identify any correlation between these factors, and the distribution or abundance of rats tail fescue.

Seed samples Dr Büchi – and colleages Laura Cook and Richard Hull from Rothamsted Research – are inviting farmers and agronomists to send them rat’s tail fescue seeds so they can start to study the weed in preparation for its likely spread across the UK. Mr Hill said: “We would like farmers that have rat’s tail fescue on their land to send us a mature seed sample and we can provide them with instructions for obtaining as good a seed sam-

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• Threat to no-till winter cereal crops • Already having an economic impact • Farmers to send in seed collections

Rats tail fescue can devastate cereal crops, say scientists

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ple as possible. “We plan to run a series of experiments looking at how rats tail fescue may adapt to future climates and to study the differences in the life cycle of wild and natural populations compared to seed collected from farmers’ fields.” To aid with identification of the plant, a freely available six-page information leaflet and a shorter threepage identification guide have been produced by the team, which is available from Rothamsted. The anonymous survey is open until 31 August. To take part, please visit www.greenwich.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/ vulpia-survey-uk.

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Pheromones deployed in war against midges and weevil

rowers will be able to use insect pheromones to combat midges and weevils in legumes such as peas and beans. It follows a £200k grant from Innovate UK grant to PheroSyn – a company spun off by Rothamsted Research to develop new ways of tackling pests. It is working with the UK Processors and Growers Association (PGRO). Over 18 months, the partners will establish manufacture and distribute pheromone products to farmers to enable a smarter application of pesticides. PGRO agronomists will then trap and monitor midge and weevil popularions. Management of midges and weevils is notoriously difficult. Food can potentially be exposed to pesticides when targeting specific stages of their life cycles – leading to possible contamination of the human and animal food chain. PheroSyn business manager Daniel Bahia said: “There is a growing global trend away from reliance on chemical pesticides in food production in favour of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. “Demand for our existing pea and pear midge pheromone products has been clear, and this

grant allows us to accelerate development of the next range of products, leading to affordable, safe to eat food in a way that promotes zero carbon agriculture.” PGRO research and development manager Becky Howard said: “We are really pleased to be working with PheroSyn to help develop IPM tools for growers and to ensure a sustainable future for UK legumes.”

Masterclass Measuring pest populations should be carried out before any decisions are made on applying insecticides, says the PGRO. It hsd produced a masterclass video to help growers understand how to trap and assess pest populations. The PGRO says a range of preventative tools will be key for farmers looking to reduce cases of pea and bean weevil, while finding more sustainable ways of farming in line with new agricultural policy. Rotation, cultivation, drill timing, sanitation and forecasting are all options that farmers can take advantage of to prevent damage caused by pests and reducing the need for spraying.

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Hybrid rye catches eye of first time growers

ore options are available for farmers looking to grow hybrid rye, with a number of new varieties coming to market. The crop is increasingly popular for farmers looking to reduce input costs, widen rotations to control blackgrass or combat take-all. It is also an important component in pig rations and a key biogas energy crop. Hybrid rye offers straw yields of around 4-5t/ha – almost 2t/ha more than wheat or barley. Launched in 2018 by German breeder Saaten Union, SU Bendix is a key hybrid rye variety for agronomy company Agrii, says Ben Lowe, the firm’s forage product manager. Consistent yields, nitrogen efficiency and better return on nitrogen to pro-

Hybrid rye is an increasingly popular cereal

tein conversion has made SU Bendix a popular choice. “It ticks all the agronomic boxes and, with excellent grain quality, the highest protein content and high yield consistency.” Elsoms Seeds energy and forage crop manager Henrietta Wells says greater nitrogen efficiency and lower requirements for fungicides and water make its carbon footprint lower than many other crops. Elsoms has 40% of the UK hybrid

rye market, with variety SU Performer accounting for 80% of its total UK hybrid rye sales. The pipeline on new varieties also looks strong with seed availability for both SU Arvid and SU Pluralis in 2021. New on the winter rye descriptive list for 2021/22, SU Arvid achieved excellent methane output in silage from farmer based whole crop trials set up to mirror the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, says Ms Wells.

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Global investment needed to tackle major wheat losses • • •

Crop losses worth £22bn per year Climate change is increasing threat Genetic ‘atlas’ could solve problem

rgent investment in new research is needed to help prevent huge yield losses from the world’s wheat crops, say scientists. Global losses from wheat are worth some £22bn per year, according to scientists at the John Innes Centre, Norwich. They are calling for a major research project to reduce the impact of major wheat pathogens and improve global food security. The scientists say an international-

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ly coordinated approach could deliver a new ‘R-gene Atlas’. This would help identify new genetic solutions conferring disease resistance for crops that could be bred into commercial wheat varieties. One fifth of the world’s potential wheat yield is lost annually to pests and pathogens – equivalent to some 209m tonnes of grain. Climate change could further disrupt global food chains as new types of pests and diseases increase their spread. Researchers say the broader use of disease resistance – which can be found in the genome of wheat and its wild relatives – could help to minimise these losses and reduce reliance on agrochemicals. The aim is to provide long-lasting molecular protection against major pathogens such as rusts, blotch diseases and powdery mildew.

Wheat R-genes work by recognising corresponding molecules in the pathogen called effectors. By identifying the effectors present in pathogen and pest populations, more durable combinations or stacks of R-genes could be designed. The R-gene Atlas will be a free online portal containing this genetic information and enabling breeders to design gene stacks using computer modelling before starting their breeding in the field.

Molecular markers Scientists say this will enable users to design molecular markers that could be used to find out what resistance genes they already have – either in their breeding programmes or other wheat populations. Recent years have seen researchers at the John Innes Centre and The

Investment is vital, say researchers at the John Innes Centre.

Increase in farmland under organic conversion

ore farmers are going organic with an almost 12% increase in the land being entered into conversion, according to the latest Defra figures. The latest Organic Statistics for 2020 show an 11.6% increase in certified organic land in conversion across the UK – a trend that has increased every year since 2014, with the exception of 2019. Organic arable farming saw a 7%

increase in 2020. This mirrors the performance across Europe where the number of producers and organic land continues to rise in line with the EU’s ambition for 25% of all farmland to be organic by 2030. The Soil Association said growing consumer demand for organic food was driving the uplift in farmers seeking conversion. It said the trend signalled growing confidence and interest in the organic sector.

Sainsbury Laboratory identify and clone resistance genes in wheat and its wild relatives using technologies such as AgRenSeq, MutRenSeq and MutChromSeq. Molecular components involved in disease resistance – R genes and effectors – could be captured from both the host and pathogen. Whole genome sequencing would be carried out on wheat, its progenitors and domesticated and wild relatives.

Genetic variation Association genetics, a method of seeking useful genetic variation, could then be used to look for correlations between the host genotype and disease resistance or susceptibility and the genes responsible for these traits could be identified. The researchers calculate it would cost around £41m to establish the new platform at the required scale. But they say this is a minor investment considering the financial losses currently caused by wheat diseases. “Compared to the scale of the problem in yield losses to pests and pathogens, this represents excellent value for money,” says first author Amber Hafeez. “It is unsustainable to continue losing 20% of our wheat production to pathogens. Our enterprise applies cutting edge science to a global challenge that is increasing due to the climate emergency.” Global population Current projections suggest diseaseresistant crops will be key to feeding a global population forecast to increase by 2.1bn people by 2050. But the scientists say resistant crops won’t be developed without investment. “We have been delighted with the initial enthusiastic response to our proposals – many research groups and collaborators have welcomed the idea and we feel this confirms our belief that the time is right for this proposal.”

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Arable

Blended wheats can reduce farm inputs and help combat disease • Resurgence of interest in blends • Performs well without fungicides • Conventional and organic mixes

new range of blended wheat seed aims to help growers tackle disease and reduce fungicide usage in favour of a regenerative approach to farming. Launched by Lincolnshirebased Cope Seeds & Grain, the pre-mixed range of organic and conventional wheat seed has been developed to meet a resurgence of interest in using blends to reduce farm inputs. “Back in the 1980s there were many thousands of tonnes of seed blends being sold and grown in the UK,” says Cope Seeds & Grain managing director Gemma Clarke. “But with pressure on seed plants to get tonnage through in the autumn, they faded away.” Cope Seeds is offering two organic and two conventional

wheat blends. Ms Clarke said: “We believe blends are being more readily considered by conventional and organic farmers who are looking to grow using regenerative principles.”

Performed well Nick Padwick, of Ken Hill Farms and estate in north Norfolk, has been growing his own wheat blends for two years. So far, Mr Padwick says the crops have performed well and he hasn’t had to apply any fungicide. “My father grew blends and it’s coming back around. Gone are the days where yield is king. Now the focus really has to be about reducing inputs, reducing the reliance on synthetics, including artificial fertiliser and looking after our soils. “We selected our four top per-

Blended wheat varieties Tristar (conventional) Feed wheat blend of three varieties from three different breeders. Early maturity and high untreated yields with strong resistance to Septoria Tritici. Grain quality is said to be of the highest merit, with the ability to produce a bold sample.

Summit (organic) Two-way soft wheat blend with a milling premium buy-back contract. Later maturing crop with high yield potential and tall straw, perfect for weed suppression. Some protection against Orange Wheat Blossom Midge.

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Gone are the days when yield was king, says Nick Padwick

forming feed wheat varieties in terms of disease resistance and we blended them. The ultimate aim is to stop using inputs entirely and build healthy soils which support healthy plants.” Ms Clarke says the blends are a viable alternative to straight wheat. “We have passed the time where we need to see a field of level crops. Fields of different heights containing different varieties of healthy wheat are the future.” Research carried out by Rose Kristoffersen from Aarhus University in Denmark, found that growing different blends of wheat varieties helps to increase yield potential as well as reducing dis-

ease pressure. A four-way blend was grown each year in official trials as a reference. The blend reduced Septoria severity by about 10% with a 1.4% yield increase. In untreated trials, there was a 17% reduction in Septoria severity and 2.4% yield increase. Ms Clarke said Cope Seeds was continually evolving its blend formulations – pulling out any potential lines that may break down and adding in newer varieties with better disease resistance to ensure they remain robust. “We are bringing together the benefits of both nature and science through modern plant breeding,” said Ms Clarke.

AHDB winds down potato work following levy vote

he Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board is winding down the activity it undertakes on behalf of the horticulture and potato sectors. It follows votes to abolish the compulsory levies which fund AHDB activities across both sectors. The government has pledged to honour the outcome of the vote – which means growers will eventually no longer have to pay the levy. The AHDB said it wanted to reassure farmers that their views had been heard following the two ballots – although the levy board was still awaiting a decision on its future by government ministers in England, Scotland and Wales. AHDB acting chief executive Ken Boyns said the organisation was now stopping programmes of work that could be restarted in the future by grower associations, individual growers or the supply chain. This includes stopping work on ex-

port market access, trade missions and promotions overseas; ending its consumer marketing campaigns; and calling a halt to market pricing and insight information. Mr Boyns said the AHDB would continue to deliver limited emergency work on pests and diseases – including the Extension of Authorisation for Minor Use (EAMUs) and some contracted research work. This work would be difficult to restart and would be detrimental to the industry to stop while the AHDB awaited a managed transition or a different funding mechanism to ensure EAMU work was able to continue. Mr Boyns urged levy payers to be patient in this period of transition. He said: “We are taking a responsible approach in winding-down our work programmes for the horticulture and potato sectors. “In addition we have to recognise operational liabilities associated with contracts, people and assets.

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Farmers and processors voted to abolish the potato levy

This means that some level of levy will be needed in 2021 to supplement sector reserves to cover these costs as we manage the change.” The AHDB was legally obliged to collect a levy until parliament amended the legislation, said Mr Boyns. Some 140 staff are expected to be made redundant and it would take time to implement those changes.

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18 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

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Oilseed rape High prices fuel renewed interest in oilseed rape • Drill crop early into good conditions • Adequate moisture at an even depth • Optimise nutrition and control pests

rowers are being advised to think carefully about getting the best from oilseed rape as more farmers return to the crop this summer. High oilseed rape prices over recent months have fuelled expectations that more rape will go into the ground this autumn. But agronomy firm Hutchinsons says growers should consider all options before a final decision. Cabbage stem flea beetle remains the greatest concern in many areas. But seedbed moisture, slugs and pigeons remain constant threats to establishing crops successfully and building yield potential. Hutchinsons agronomist David Stead believes the key behind a successful crop is drilling rape early into good conditions to establish strong, healthy, deep-rooted plants with greater resilience.

Earlier is better “Generally, the earlier oilseed rape is sown, the better it performs,” he says. “Although flea beetle pressure is quite seasonal in this region, it’s clear that late sowing increases the risk of crop failure, and we’re almost at a point where the 15-20 August is the cut-off for drilling.” Drilling seed in the first week of September and hoping for the best simply doesn’t work, says Mr Stead. But he acknowledges that a decent seedbed earlier in the summer can be challenging given the vagaries of the British weather. “Sowing into seedbeds with adequate moisture, at an even depth with good seed-to-soil contact is vital for strong, consistent establishment, which can make subsequent pest pressure more tolerable.” Where winter wheat is cleared by the 15 Au-

The aim is strong, healthy, deep-rooted plants, says David Stead.

gust, growers should think longer-term about where oilseed rape fits within the rotation. For some growers, winter barley or an early-maturing wheat before rape could allow a more timely entry. Optimising nutrition in the seedbed and again in early spring will help exploit the natural vigour of conventional and hybrid varieties, says Mr Stead. It is also important to control other pests – including slugs and pigeons – through autumn and winter. “If crops are living with flea beetle larvae inside the stems, we cannot afford to have anything else that sets them back,” says Mr Stead. A slug infestation or pigeons could finish off a young crop already suffering from flea beatle damage, he suggests. Before growing any crop, Hutchinsons technical support manager Neil Watson says it is important to identify the yield required to break even – and then ask whether this can be practicably achieved. At a payment of £522/ha, the two-year legume mix (AB15) under Countryside Stewardship effectively sets a floor for potential returns – and means a rape yield of at least 2.3t/ha is needed to make the crop a better financial option, says Mr Watson.

Growers should consider whether break-even yields are possible

Pools protect against market fluctuations

igh prices in recent months have made oilseed rape an attractive prospect – but the market remains volatile. Holding out for a peak price before selling can work, says United Oilseeds – but growers must continuously pay close attention to market trends and movements to sell at the optimum moment. Optimism can disappear quickly when the market is depressed – replaced by anxiety and apprehension, says the farmer-owned break-crop specialist. It is too easy to forget falling prices and adopt a bury-yourhead-in-the-sand approach. With oilseed rape, frequent and dramatic price fluctuations are norm. Being caught out by the market is frustrating at best, but there is a safer haven available to farmers that helps protect against market squalls and storms. Pool marketing aims to deliver members with prices for their crop that beat the market’s average price. While this may not guarantee the peak price, United Oilseeds says its pools have delivered a higher than average market price over the last 14 years. Specialists in oilseed rape marketing, the farmer-owned co-operative is a recognised market influencer, managing the largest rapeseed pools in the UK. It benchmarks against fixed price sellers, competitors and daily market prices. Interim payments are made to growers 28 days after movement or store allocation. Haulage storage cleaning and drying charges are all deducted at final settlement thereby providing a cash flow advantage to members.

JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 19

Oilseed rape

Make the most of early drilling

new 20-page guide aims to help rape growers make the most of early August drilling. The booklet provides a wealth of practical advice for early drillers alongside the most important establishment essentials. Produced by Bayer and Opico, it includes advice from ADAS, NIAB and Wright Solutions. Sowing in the first two weeks of August has been invaluable in allowing many crops to survive cabbage stem flea beetle. But it brings with it a number of challenges that must be addressed to make the most of this opportunity. Chief among these is the danger of increased flea beetle larvae in spring. While reducing the pressure from phoma, earlier drilling is also recognised as adding to risks from light leaf spot, clubroot – and possibly also verticillium and turnip yellows virus.

Agronomic pressure At the same time, the guide points to the increased agronomic pressure presented by overly-large canopies susceptible to pre-mature stem extension in mild winters and serious damage from frost and snow if it turn colds. Higher lodging risk is highlighted as a particular consideration too; especially where a combination of higher seed rates and better establishment results in dense stands of thinnerstemmed plants. In addition, of course, sowing in early August means very little time from harvesting the previous crop. This has implications for previous cropping, straw management, grass weed control and correcting any soil structural problems. Machinery and workload issues at the peak of cereal harvest for most growers cannot been ignored either –

especially at a time when good farm labour is hard to come by in many areas. To make the most of the valuable opportunities earlier drilling brings while avoiding its main pitfalls, the Guide to Early OSR Drilling identifies a number of important rotational, varietal, machinery and management priorities in easy-to-read section.

Rotational priorities Oilseed rape should never be sown if there is insufficient moisture in the seeding zone or soil structure is compromised, says the guide. Soil structural issues need to be corrected ahead of the crop in the rotation wherever possible, and ground with a history of clubroot problems should be avoided. Winter barley offers the best entry, with winter oats, winter wheat and spring barley also suitable providing their maturity is not delayed by genetics or management. Leaving long cereal stubbles will ensure the most rapid combining and effective straw chopping and spreading while providing OSR with a good micro-climate for establishment. Sowing with companion crops can

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Early drilling can combat ﬂea beetle – but brings other risks

improve establishment, and brassicacontaining cover crops sown later in nearby fields may be useful in ‘trapping’ migrating CSFB.

Varieties As well as establishing vigorously, varieties should be rapid in their development to get crops away but not so fast that they produce excessively-forward pre-winter canopies. Varieties that are earlier or faster in their spring regrowth can provide valuable extra tolerance to higher levels of flea beetle larvae. First-class standing power based on the best combination of stem stiffness and lodging resistance is more essential than ever. Strong light leaf spot resistance is also crucial, combined with good resistance to verticillium where possible. Turnip yellows virus resistance can be a useful extra safeguard, although only in addition to the more important priorities. Management Seed rates leading to higher-than-ideal plant populations should be avoided to ensure the most productive canopies

Machinery Single pass establishment is essential, with speed balanced by sufficient care and precision in seed placement in particular. Where the soil is in good enough condition with an unrestricted structure for root penetration and drainage, no-till drilling should be preferred. Alternatively, structural concerns and any harvest trafficking damage can be tackled with some low disturbance metal at depth as part of a tailored seeding regime. Seed should always be sown through coulters into soil re-consolidated after any disturbance to provide good depth control and seed-to-soil contact.

and stems with the least susceptibility to CSFB larval damage. The reduced threat from phoma should give more flexibility to delay autumn fungicide treatment, targeting it more effectively against the higher light leaf spot risk. An early autumn application of metconazole may be needed to regulate the growth of crops that are particularly forward – especially if they

Machines should be able to cope with long stubbles and trash; apply fertiliser with the seed; and, ideally, also be able to sow companion crops and apply slug pellets.

are also very thick. Relatively large canopies coming out of the winter put the onus on careful spring N management to Green Area Index (GAI) and effective plant growth regulation. Flea beetle larvae can be reduced by sheep grazing or mechanical defoliation but this must be neither too intense nor too close to stem extension to avoid compromising yields.

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JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 21

Oilseed rape

Bio-stimulant range boosts rape establishment

rials suggest oilseed rape crops benefit from improved root growth and greening following applications of natural amino-acid complex bio-stimulants. Independent agronomist Helen Baxter – who has used the bio-stimulant AminoA Flo on conventional oilseed rape – says it improved root development, stem thickness and rapid early green leaf growth during establishment. Ms Baxter says she applied AminoA Flo as part of her early spring management programme after a severe late winter frost damaged rape crops. “We have seen very fast recovery and excellent spring growth,” she said. Independent trials data supports the benefits of using bio-stimulants, says UK manufacturer AminoA. Replicated and on-going trials of the Class A fertiliser have returned further positive results, it adds. Andy Cheetham of Ceres Agri Services has several clients growing organic oilseed rape this season. He plans to make amino acids a major part of in-

puts for the organic crops, and is using Trial sites particularly at petal fall. included the OF&G approved AminoA Gro. “We recommend keeping levels of Flo up to 2l/ha to extend the green leaf Mr Cheetham made two split appli- oilseed rape area for as long as possible – and get cations of AminoA Gro totalling 2.5l/ha plots at Cereals a good pod fill.” to a field which was hammered with Yield improvements have been repigeons, stripping the leaves.”The crop corded in replicated trials. Eurofins trirecovered within a couple of weeks, ads.qxp_Layout results from 2019 saw winter rape with lots of new root growth,” he says.1 16/05/2019 09:06 Pageal16 treated at the three-leaf stage return AminoA managing director Richa yield increase of 0.38t/ha from a sinard Phillips says it is important to apgle autumn treatment. ply AminoA Flo with a fungicide mix,

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Livestock New grass varieties added to latest recommended list • Grass and clover traits assessed • Four years of rigorous, independent tests • Selecting varieties is made easier

ine new varieties have been added to the latest recommended grass and clover lists published by the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. Newly recommended varieties for 2021/2022 comprise one white clover, one intermediate Festulolium (Hybrid) and seven new ryegrass varieties. All were subjected to at least four years of independent testing. Varieties were rigorously assessed for their total and seasonal yield, feed quality, disease and persistence. The list is funded by plant breeders through the AHDB, the British Society of Plant Breeders, British Grassland society and Hybu Cig Cymru.

Invaluable resource AHDB grass and forage senior scientist Siwan Howatson said: “The lists are an invaluable resource for grass-

The new varieties AberSirius White Clover Good yields in the second and third harvest years, with very good grass + clover yields for its leaf size and high early and late cut yields. Excellent autumn ground cover in the first harvest year under light defoliation.

AberRoot Intermediate Festulolium (Tet) Excellent D-value under simulated grazing management with high spring growth and good ME yield. Good yields under conservation management with high first and second cut D-values. Limited data shows good resistance to mildew and drechslera.

Wetherby Late perennial ryegrass land farmers, enabling them to select varieties that will perform well in a particular system. “When thinking about reseeding, the list should be used to check that the varieties being selected are on the lists and are the best available, helping farmers make informed decisions alongside their seed merchants about varieties that best meet their needs.” In addition to providing information on each variety, the lists includes a range of technical information for farmers on how they can manage their reseed and maximise the productivity of their grassland. The 2021/2022 lists are available to download from the AHDB website at www.ahdb.org.uk. An online interactive list for perennial ryegrass is available. Printed copies will be included with this month’s Ruminant News.

Recommended varieties boast some impressive yields

Excellent grazing yield, D-value and ME yield under simulated grazing, excellent yields under conservation management, with excellent ground cover in the third harvest year. Excellent winter hardiness. Good resistance to crown rust.

Zorgue Late perennial ryegrass Good D-value under simulated grazing for a late diploid, with excellent early summer growth. Under conservation management, first and second D-values are excellent with good first and fourth cut yields. Excellent ground cover under both management regimes. Good resistance to crown rust.

Delika Late perennial ryegrass Excellent yield under simulated grazing with excellent early summer growth. Good grazing D-value and ME yield for a late diploid. Excellent third cut yield in the first harvest year under conservation management and excellent resistance to crown rust.

Ritchie Intermediate perennial ryegrass (Tet) Excellent grazing yield and ground cover with excellent late-summer and autumn growth under simulated grazing management. Good yields and excellent ground cover under conservation management with excellent second and fourth cut yields and excellent winter hardiness.

Pinaco Italian ryegrass Good yields in both harvest years with excellent second conservation cut yield in the first harvest year and good yields under the monthly cutting regime. Good ground cover in both harvest years. Limited data shows good resistance to mildew.

AberSheen Hybrid ryegrass (Tet) Excellent yields in all three harvest years and under monthly cutting with excellent second conservation cut yield in the first harvest year. Good ME yield in the first harvest yield and excellent resistance to mildew. Specifically recommended for conservation in areas with low risk of crown rust.

RGT Cordial Hybrid ryegrass (Tet) Excellent yields in the first and second harvest years and under the monthly cutting regime with excellent ground cover in the second harvest year. Good first and second cut D-values and third harvest year ground cover. Good resistance to crown rust.

24 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

Livestock

Surge of interest in TB testing training

ore than 60 people from across agriculture have now registered their interest in training so they can test cattle for bovine tuberculosis. The jobs have been created following approval by the Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA) last November to allow para-professional staff to support vets in carrying out TB testing in England. “Since we started publicising the ATT opportunity on behalf of the veterinary community back in the spring, we have seen a surge of interest,” says Kate Bowen from UK Farmcare. There are now 49 fully authorised Approved Tuberculin Testers (ATTs) in England with another 21 TB testing under veterinary supervision and three undergoing the theory part of the training. Ms Bowen says anyone interested in becoming an ATT must be at least

18 years old, hold a valid UK driving licence and passport, possess a clean criminal record and then be approved by the APHA. Minimum educational requirements include at least three graded GCSEs or equivalent in English, maths and a science or food production subject. Applicants must also demonstrate at least six months cattle handling experience. Following a successful Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check, applicants must find a veterinary practice to provide the direct supervision they need during the practical phase of the training. UK Farmcare can provide support for candidates who don’t currently have contact with a suitable livestock veterinary practice in their local area. Once that is done, the next step is to access the online training course and then pass a test.

Veterinary practices sponsoring ATT applicants must already provide TB testing services for both beef and dairy cattle – and have enough TB testing vets available to allow one to be able to supervise one-to-one training for a few weeks.

More people are needed to test cattle for bovine TB

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Pig & Poultry Pig industry posts further reductions in antibiotics P ig producers used fewer antibiotics last year – with the amount prescribed falling by 5% on UK farms in 2020 – a total reduction of 62% since 2015. The decline comes despite disease outbreaks and challenges caused by supply chain disruptions during the coronavirus pandemic which meant pigs spent more time on farm than usual. Antibiotic use during 2020 reduced to 105mg/PCU compared with 110mg in 2019 and 278mg in 2015, according to data collected using the electronic medicine book. The book represents more than 95% of pigs slaughtered in the UK and continues the downward trend since recording started – although swine dysentery in 2019 and early 2020 temporarily halted progress. The overall result is close to the target of 99mg set by the UK pig industry. AHDB pork sector strategy director Angela Christison said the reduction was a good result in a difficult year,. She said: “The industry understands how important responsible antibiotic use is and that is why there are tough targets and we work together towards them. The sector has delivered sustained reductions since recording began via eMB in 2015. “This continued improvement, despite disruption to pig flow during the

pandemic, is a credit to collaboration between producers, vets and the industry as a whole.” Usage of the highest priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) remains at a very low level, although there was a slight increase from 0.04 mg to 0.05 mg. No colistin use has been reported in 2020. HP-CIAs, as categorised by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), are the most important for human medical health and reductions in their use has been a focus for all UK farm animal sectors since stewardship efforts have stepped up.

Other options Mandy Nevel, AHDB head of animal health and welfare, said: “The EMA advice, which Pig Veterinary Society guidance supports, is that veterinary surgeons should prescribe a lower priority alternative to HP-CIAs unless there is no other option. “This could explain why, despite the reducing trend overall, we are seeing an increase in use in some lower priority antibiotics such as neomycin.” Alternatively, these could be short term adjustments as the industry accommodates the phasing out of therapeutic zinc oxide, which treats postweaning diarrhoea in piglets, said Dr Nevel.

The pig sector has made big strides in reducing antibiotics

“Either way, while the proportion of these antibiotics being used remains low, as does resistance reported through Government surveillance, we must continue to monitor these trends and work to understand the reasons for changes in their use.” Collaboration within the industry has been one of the success factors behind the reductions achieved. The survey allows the industry to look at the more nuanced variations in individual antibiotic use to identify potential reductions. Dr Nevel added: “The challenges in the industry during the past year highlight not just the importance of this cross-industry approach in our sustained drive for good stewardship, but also the need for antibiotics to safeguard pig welfare.”

Gut health ‘key to reducing antimicrobials’ Low stress levels are key to reducing gut inflammation and the unnecessary use of antibiotics in pigs, suggests a Nuffield study. “With the ever-increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobials and the looming crisis of antimicrobial resistance, pig producers must review their unit in a holistic manner with gut health at its centre,” says author Heidi Hall. Ms Hall examined ways farmers can manage herds with minimal requirement for anti-

biotics. “Harnessing the power of the microbiome, the population of bacteria which reside in the gut, is the key to sustainable pig production.”

Performance changess She adds: “We need to routinely measure microbiome changes alongside stress levels in animals, prior to and during research trials, so that we can better understand any performance changes seen.” Medication reduction in the

breeding herd was achievable by improving immunity, vaccination protocols and a focus on gut health. This should result in further improvements in progeny performance through maternal transfer. “We need to further understand the influence we have on gut health through effective monitoring on farm and in trials. We can then look to manipulate gut health to favour a microbiome which is best suited to the production system.”

Heidi Hall: Nuffield scholar

JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 27

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Pig & Poultry

Study identifies genomic pathway could produce heavier eggs

gg weights in laying hens can be increased by a new approach to analyse and target birds with specific genes for selected breeding, suggests a study. Eggs typically weigh 50-70g – depending mainly on the age of the hen and its genotype. Weight is a highly heritable trait, meaning variance between hens is largely a direct result of genetics – and hugely important when it comes to profitability. Experts from biological insights company Synomics analysed data from more than 1,000 laying hens. Researchers then singled out and examined the genetic information regulating traits which govern egg weight.

‘Missing link’ Findings were then converted into an industry-standard genetic evaluation model, making it easier to select the best birds. In this case, it meant the accuracy of the genetic predictions made increased by 49%. Synomics said its technique was the “missing link” between the huge amounts of raw data held by farmers and scientists – and the company’s own research and develop team. They were able to interpret the data quickly, highlighting areas of interest. A hen can have upwards of 20,000

genes – so being able to narrow down the search to a mere 122 that could hold the key to a heavier egg has a big impact on the speed of subsequent research and development.

Faster benefits Assessing genetic information like this makes it easier to identify crops or animals that are healthier, more disease resistant, or deliver higher yields, says Synomics. Scientists can then help improve productivity market more rapidly and at less expense.

Researchers say the findings can help improve profitabilty

Synomics chief executive Peter Kristensen said the business had developed its own platform to enable animal and crop scientists and producers to get a better understanding of what drives key production traits and innovate accordingly. “We are giving scientists, farmers and food producers the ability to learn more about the animals they breed and the crops that they grow with insights they have not been previously able to liberate from the data they already hold.”

Stay vigilant for bird flu, producers warned

oultry producers are being warned to remain vigilant following the lifting of heightened biosecurity measures imposed last winter due to avian flu. Mandatory enhanced biosecurity requirements – imposed across Great Britain in November 2020 to protect flocks from the disease – were lifted on 15 May after the risk of bird flu in poultry was reduced to ‘low’. Defra, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government have been working with the industry and bird keepers to ensure strict biosecurity measures in and around poultry premises to help keep flocks safe. In a joint statement, Great Britain’s three chief veterinary officers said: “This will be welcome news for bird keepers across the country who have put great effort into keeping their flocks safe this winter.

“We have taken swift action to contain and eliminate this disease, and we urge all bird keepers – whether they have just a few birds or thousands – to continue to do their bit to maintain strict biosecurity measures on their premises.” Low risk does not mean no risk, said the statement. All poultry and bird gatherings are now permitted, provided organisers notify the Animal and Plant Health Agency at least seven days before the event takes place. Organisers and attendees must comply with the provisions of the new general licence. Public health advice is that any risk to human health is low. Food standards bodies advise that avian influ poses a very low food safety risk for UK consumers, and it does not affect the consumption of poultry products – including eggs.

Avian ﬂu prevention Fence oﬀ streams and watercourses Net or cover ponds Remove any wild bird feed sources Deter wild birds by using decoys Cleans and disinfect concrete areas Use wood shavings in wet areas Limit the number of people on-site Use disinfectant foot dips JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 29

Pig & Poultry

Check ventilation systems as temperatures rise

ig producers should ensure ventilation is in good working order to prevent heat stress as summer temperatures rise. “We’re now starting to see sustained higher temperatures, which means pigs will become susceptible to heat stress,” explains Mark McFarland, feed additive product manager at Lallemand Animal Nutrition. Heat stress can significantly impact productivity levels, with suffering pigs exhibiting irregular feeding behaviour and a loss of appetite, resulting in lower feed intakes and subsequently, inconsistent and reduced performance.

Proper ventilation Carrying out simple maintenance like removing dust and applying grease to moving parts where needed, can make a huge difference to the amount of clean and cool air reaching the pigs, says Mr McFarland. As well as ensuring proper ventilation, it is important producers look out for the signs of heat stress, including panting, loss in weight and lethargy, and adjust management prac-

tices accordingly. “Feeding smaller portions regularly can help to prevent gorging which can lead to bloat and sudden death. Meals should be available during the cooler parts of the day as pigs will be more likely to empty troughs reducing waste and poor trough hygiene.”

Eating behaviour For those who are experiencing reduced or varied feed intakes, particularly in sows, Mr McFarland advises adding a proven probiotic supplement to the diet. This can help encourage pigs to adapt their eating behaviour to the heat stress conditions. “Ultimately, a combined approach of adapting feeding patterns and making sure environmental factors like ventilation and drinking water systems are functioning properly will help provide pigs with the best protection against heat stress.” To help producers monitor the likelihood of heat stress occurring, Lallemand are providing free hand-held temperature and humidity monitors while stocks last.

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Elanco offers free E.coli tests on piglets

ree diagnostic testing is being offered by animal health company Elanco to tackle Post Weaning Diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets. The test identifies the bacterial strain ready for appropriate vaccination. Farmers should access the service through their vet practice, who will then prescribe and advise on the appropriate vaccination if necessary. “The most viable option for PWD control is vaccination,” says Elanco principal technical adviser Frédéric Vangroenweghe. “But for this to be effective and lead to increased productivity, a positive diagnosis of the cause should be obtained.” Farmers should request a test from their vet at the first onset of PWD, which typically occurs in

the first three weeks after weaning. Apositive test for the F4 or F18 strain of E.coli means the bacteria is likely to remain or increase in future batches of piglets. To effectively prevent against the disease while promoting gut health, Prof. Vangroenweghe recommends administering the Coliprotec vaccine through drinking water. “This vaccination has been shown to help reduce reliance on antibiotics and should alleviate the requirement of zinc oxide in feed,” he says. The testing kit can be requested from vets

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JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 31

Pig & Poultry

Protect people and poultry from red mite

gg producers are being reminded of the risk to worker welfare as the summer red mite season draws near. Many producers are aware of the significant impact red mite has on bird productivity and welfare. But it is also important to remember the risks it poses to workers, says Katie Pitman, technical veterinary adviser at MSD Animal Health UK. “The fact red mite could have an impact on staff is sometimes unknown, as publicity tends to focus on the impact the parasites have on birds. But treating birds will also benefit your workforce as it can prevent red mite from spreading to people.” Red mite can crawl onto workers leading to irritation which can cause dermatitis and other skin conditions. This also means there is a greater risk of spreading the mite from shed-to-shed, to other sites, or even taking it home.

Warmer weather and increased humidity both create optimal conditions for red mite to multiply, meaning the parasite completes its lifecycle, from egg to adult, in just seven days, says Ms Pitman. “There is an increased risk to workers during the summer months, so if you spot red mite it’s important that treatment is carried out as soon as possible to prevent the infestation from worsening.”

Different treatments When it comes to selecting treatment, some options are easier and less time consuming than others. Chemicals, detergents and products containing diatomaceous earth can be unpleasant and can take a great deal of time to spray all areas of the shed. A product like Exzolt (fluralaner) is easily administered through drinking water. It is quicker to ad-

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British pork takes centre stage in China

igh-quality UK pork was showcased at Asia’s largest food and beverage show – as pig industry leaders continue to seek inroads into the valuable Chinese market. The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board once again had a presence at SIAL China – a major exhibition which sets the benchmark for overseas companies stepping into the Asian marketplace. The event in late May was seen as a significant networking opportunity for exporters looking to grow their business in this all-important region. Covid restrictions meant the AHDB stand was hosted by its China-based representative Holly Chen.. AHDB Export Manager Susan Stewart said: “This is a hugely important event which provides valuable networking opportunities for UK exporters and allows us to showcase our pork to a number of key influencers and importers. “China remains a key mar-

32 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

SAB_90x133mm_06_21.indd 1

from a multi-site EU field study in commercial egg production farms, which demonstrated the elimination of poultry red mite from infested chickens following treatment with Exzolt.

14/06/2021 14:40

ket for our pork exports and despite the challenges of the last year, AHDB is committed to exploring all potential opportunities within this region and continuing to develop strong relationships to support trade between the UK and China.”

“

China remains a key destination for exports of pork cuts not consumed in the UK The value of pork exports has risen dramatically over the last few years, rising 46% to a staggering £279 million in 2020 – up from £191 million in 2019. China remains a key destination for exports of pork cuts not consumed in the UK. As part of its ongoing export activities in China, the AHDB also hosted a media event for Chinese journalists who sampled four UK pork dishes, prepared by Chef Su at the restaurant in the Sofitel hotel.

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east midlands depot network update British Wool has a comprehensive nationwide depot network, and with the opening of our new Drop Off locations we’re making it easy for producers to send their wool to us. For more information, please contact your local site below:

Stamford Drop Off British Wool, Potters Hill, Castle Bytham, Lincolnshire, NG33 4SP Contact: Amanda Knighton Tel: 07977 021975

Newark Drop Off JW & WM Baugh, Woodside Farm, Newark, Nottinghamshire, NG22 0EJ Contact: Richard Baugh Tel: 07815 740155

Leicester Drop Off R.F. Harrison, Smeeton Road, Sunnydale Farm, Saddington, Leicester, LE8 0QT Tel: 07772 551694 or 07790 077761

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Caistor Drop Off Amanda Knighton – 07977 021975

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Stanton on the Wolds Drop Off Amanda Knighton – 07977 021975

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Head to our website for a full list of drop off locations and hauliers: britishwool.org.uk/depot-network *Deliveries to British Wool drop off locations or grading depots incur no onward carriage charge.

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Sheep Plans to tackle dog attacks on livestock ‘could go further’

olice plans to seize dogs which attack livestock should go further, say livestock leaders. Stricter measures to crack down on sheep worrying were confirmed by the government last month. The new proposals will come into effect once the Kept Animals Bill has passed through parliament. The National Sheep Associatio said it welcomed the strengthened legislation. But it said the additional police powers to seize dogs should have been further backed up by a big increase in the maximum fines imposed. NSA chief executive Phil Stocker said: “This was an opportunity to create a major deterrent to this antisocial behaviour by substantially increasing the maximum applicable fine alongside more proactive measures to prevent attacks occurring.”

‘Missing a trick’ Mr Stocker said Defra and other government ministers responsible for English legislation were “missing a trick” by failing to take the opportunity to increase fines in line with those imposed in Scotland. Legislation which received royal asset earlier this year mean people who fail to keep close control of their dogs in Scotland face a year-long jail sentence, a fine of up to £40,000 – or possibly both. But a person who commits a similar offence in England under the new animal welfare legislation is liable only to a summary conviction and a fine not exceeding Level 3 on the standard scale – currently £1000. Mr Stocker said the English bill was welcome but contained little that would reduce the number of dog attacks. “In fact, the lack of clarity in defining ‘under close control’ puts farmers and dog owners in a difficult, potentially conflicting position.” Recent reports of out-of-control dogs causing harm to livestock including a cow being chased over an embankment to its death; and an MP being fined for his dog chasing deer in Richmond Park, London. The rising number of incidents had come with increased dog ownership and

More dog owners are walking in the countryside

“

This was an opportunity for a major deterrent

more people using farmland for leisure, said Mr Stocker. The NSA’s own survey also revealed a concerning increase in dog attacks on sheep over the past year. These incidents all pointed to an urgent need for simple, straightforward an effective measures to radically reduce the number of cases, said Mr Stocker. It should be a legal requirement for non-working dogs to be on a lead near livestock. Defra’s proposed legislation includes plans for a maximum five-year prison sentence and unlimited fines for animal cruelty. Mr Stocker said he looked for-

ward to working with Defra to improve responsible dog ownership. The injury and stress involved when sheep and other livestock were attacked resulted in serious animal cruelty and should therefore be subject to similar maximum penalties and deterrents, he added. While the NSA would like to see legislation strengthened beyond what appears to be proposed it will also continue to campaign to improve attitudes to responsible dog ownership, to protect its members’ livelihoods and reduce stress and anxiety.

Traumatic incidents ‘on the rise’ More than two thirds of the UK’s sheep farmers responding to a recent survey have experienced an increase in sheep worrying attacks by dogs during the past year. The troubling statistic is part of a concerning set of findings released by the National Sheep Association (NSA) from its recent farmer’s survey assessing the incidence and impact of sheep worrying by dog attacks. The NSA received a record-breaking response for its 2021 survey specifically aimed at farmers who had experienced dog attacks in the past year. The increase in contributions indicates the scale of the serious problem. On average, each respondent to the survey experienced seven cases of sheep worrying during the past year. Each attack typically resulted

in five sheep being injured and two sheep killed. Estimated financial losses through incidents of sheep worrying of up to £50,000 were recorded, with an average across all respondents of £1570. But most respondents received no or very little compensation. But in addition to the threat to animal welfare and the farmer’s income perhaps the most concerning finding to be taken from the survey is the effect the issue is having on the mental wellbeing of sheep farmers. Farmers completing the survey reported feelings of anxiety, anger, upset, stress and frustration as a result of sheep worrying by dog attacks with more than half recognising that this was causing a moderate to severe impact on their mental health.

JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 35

Sheep

Forage crops help optimise output • Grassland and arable cover crops • Close focus on forage management • Soil health and fertility maintained

Nottinghamshire sheep producer believes the future of his enterprise is about optimising output from an integrated mix of grassland and arable cover crops in a sustainable, regenerative system. Fred Love, who farms at Retford, says meticulous forage management combined with Innovis genetics are enabling lambs from his 1300-ewe flock to take 170-200 days to finish with a target weight of 19-20kg and grade R3L or better. The entire lamb crop is finished off forage within nine months and by the end of year – but the flock still manages to scan 170%, with a reared lambing

percentage of 147% and output standing at 250kg/ha.

Maximum forage “It’s all about maximising forage – both grazed grass and fodder crops, which are not only the cheapest form of feed, but also maintaining soil health and fertility,” says Mr Love, a first generation farmer. “There’s a lot being talked about regenerative farming, however that’s what I’m already working on; I firmly believe that sheep and arable – two specialist complementary enterprises working together are for real for the future.”

At first, Mr Love stocked traditional Mule ewes at 10 ewes/ha, reaching a mature weight of almost 80kgs. But since swapping for lighter Innovis genetics – Aberfield crosses and Highlander maturing at 65-70kg, he has increased to 13.5 ewes/ha on heavy clay. “Nowadays I’m able to lamb these hardy ewes outdoors,” says Mr Love. “I check two or three time a day, as few as 5% require any form of intervention and 90% lamb within the first three weeks.

Perfect fit “I’m farming sheep that look after themselves. Up to 50% of lambs are finished off rotational grazing within five months, whilst the remainder are transferred to forage crops grown on neighbouring units. Cover crops work out 30-40% cheaper in dry matter terms compared with silage, and ewes remain on these forage crops until March. The surrounding land is a mixture of arable and midtier Countryside Stewardship. “The sheep fit perfectly,” says Mr Love. “There’s also the bonus of being able to run one ram to 100 ewes, and I’m ex-

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Maximising forage has achieved good results, says Fred Love

What is regenerative agriculture? Regenerative agriculture is a system of principles and practices that seeks to restore and enhance the farm’s entire ecosystem – with a focus on soil health. Advocates aim to improve the resources the use, rather than destroying or depleting them. Mixed farming is often seen as the way to achieve this – and introducing systems such as rotational grazing and cover crops improve soil structure and health. In turn, these approaches result in higher quality yields and a richer, more natural environment without the need for purchased inputs such as concentrate feed and artificial fertilisers, together with reduced pesticides and herbicides. Furthermore, sheep have a minimal carbon footprint, says Dewi Jones, chief executive pecting my rams to last five working years. I think I’ve established a good template for continuing to grow the business and I’m currently targeting a minimum 2,000 ewes. “I am no expert on regenerative farming systems but I’m learning quickly.”

01527 893343 www.sedavis.co.uk

of sheep breeding specialists Innovis. Carbon neutrality is as a real option for many producers who sequester woody vegetation to offset on-farm emissions, he adds. This can be done sensibly while adding value to the farm infrastructure and its ecosystem, and producing high quality, nutrientdense food. And while output is often reduced, there is frequently a healthier bottom line. “There are many unanswered questions and a whole raft of research work needed before we fully understand the regenerative agriculture approaches we are being encouraged to use,” says Mr Jones. “But I suggest we best start making progress since our antipodean counterparts are forging already ahead on this path. It’s about mall, measured steps.”

Fred Love, Retford, Notts Grassland: 60ha owner occupied; 80ha rented Cover crops: 160ha, 70% grown on contract 900 Aberfield x Lleyn ewes 200 Highlander ewes 100 Romney x Aberfield ewe lambs 100 Aberfield x ewe lambs

Lake & Lagoon Dredging Aggregate Washing Systems Driveway Construction Grading & Paving Plant Hire JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 37

Professional services The pilot scheme will start on the region’s farms after harvest

Autumn start-date for pilot environmental scheme • Farmers paid for environmental work • Short-listed applicants now contacted • Pilot will get under way this October

armers who successfully expressed an interest in joining a pilot version of Defra’s new environmental scheme should now work up their applications. Some 2,178 farmers responded to Defra’s call for applicants to join the pilot Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI). It is one of three new schemes which will reward farmers for undertaking environmental work, including climate change mitigation. Defra says it has now contacted shortl-listed candidates who expressed an interest in the SFI. It says those farmers should now start working on their applications ahead of a start-date this October. The pilot SFI will test government plans to reward farmers for sustainable farming practices. Details about the other two schemes – Local Nature Recovery and Landscape Recovery – will be published later this year. Operating together, the schemes will pay for actions that support sustainable farming methods alongside profitable food production. They seek to improve animal health and welfare, improve environmental outcomes, and reduce carbon emissions. 38 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

Habitat creation The schemes will create habitats for nature recovery and make landscape-scale changes. This includes establishing new woodland, providing key means to deliver against the goals of the government’s 25 Year Environment Plan and Net Zero targets. Defra minister Victoria Prentis said: “We want farmers to manage their businesses in a way that achieves profitable food production and the recovery of nature. “It is great to see so many farm-

ers wanting to get involved in the Sustainable Farming Incentive pilot scheme. We want to design our future policies in conjunction with farmers across England to ensure that they are as straightforward and effective as possible.” Defra said it was working in partnership with the Rural Payments Agency to deliver the pilot. Once up and running, it will gather ongoing data from horticulture, dairy, pig, poultry and grazing livestock farms across England.

Roll-out timetable Participants will take part in a range of activities, providing rapid feedback on their experience of all aspects of the pilot. This will ensure the scheme is tested, fully

workable and user-friendly once fully rolled out from 2024.  In the first phase of the pilot, participants will be able to select from an initial set of eight standards to build their own agreements. The standards will promote cleaner air and water, and guard against environmental risks such as climate change and flooding. Within each standard there are three levels for participants to choose from: introductory, intermediate and advanced. Each level is more challenging – and more rewarding – than the previous level and delivers greater environmental benefits. Defra says there will be more opportunities to participate in future phases of the pilot. More growers and livestock producers will be able to join the progressive roll-out of the SFI scheme from next year. For more on the Sustainable Farming Incentive, see p68-69.

Welcome boost for wedding venues Rural leaders say they hope lockdown rules restricting on-farm wedding venues will be eased further after a partial relaxation last month. On-farm venues received a boost after the government said it was scrapping the 30-person limit on the number of people who can attend wedding ceremonies and receptions from 21 June. But receptions will be table service only. Guests must wear face coverings indoors and venues must still comply with social distancing. Dancefloors are forbidden inside and dancing outside is strongly advised against – although not illegal. The Country Land and Business Association said rural wedding business owners and soon-tobe-wedded couples would have breathed a sigh

of relief at the announcement after a disastrous 15 months. CLA president Mark Bridgeman said: This is testimony to the excellent work of the UK Weddings Taskforce, which the CLA has been helping on behalf of members operating wedding venues. With some 320,000 weddings said to have been postponed or cancelled since March last year, Mr Bridgeman said 2020 was a catastrophic year for an industry that endured heavy financial losses of around £7bn. “Weddings for 30 people aren’t financially viable so the removal of a cap on guests is muchneeded as the industry tries to recover from Covid-19,” he added.

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28-DAY POP-UP CAMPSITES: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW With the pandemic having caused a rollercoaster for the leisure and hospitality industries, is the 28-day rule for pop-up campsites an opportunity to be seized this summer?

What is the 28-day rule for pop-up campsites? Under the so-called 28-day rule, anyone with sufficient space and facilities can open up a campsite for 28 days, without requiring planning permission. The facilities required are toilets and showers, though these can be temporary and/or mobile – or could exist for the purposes of another enterprise. It has been frequently capitalised on by leisure businesses, such as campsites wanting to expand their capacity for the busiest month of the year, or by farmers or other businesses who want to make the most of demand to generate some extra income.

What changed for the campsite rules in 2020? In order to give a much-needed boost to the leisure and hospitality industries after their forced closure due to the pandemic, the 28-day rule was extended to become the 56-day rule in 2020. When this extension was put in place, an end date was not stipulated so, at the present time, the extension remains in place.

What’s the pop-up campsite situation in 2021? While the extended 56-day period remains in place for the summer of 2021, the leisure industry is lobbying for this to be further extended to 72 days.

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40 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

The argument from lobbyists is that these businesses have suffered another unexpected and extended closure and need the economic boost more than ever. And it’s not only the owners of the pop-up campsites who stand to benefit – there are countless other businesses that rely on tourist trade to turn a profit – shops, pubs, outdoor activities and more.

How can I make the most of the rules? With foreign summer holidays looking precarious, the domestic leisure industry is facing another bumper summer. Stephen Richards, Head of Leisure at Carter Jonas, said: “As anyone who has tried to book a staycation in 2021 will know, demand for holiday accommodation in the tourist hotspots of the UK are currently hugely outstripping demand. “The excess demand for holidays means that popular tourist locations such as the Peak District, Wye Valley, the Cotswolds, Shropshire and the Welsh borders will not have enough accommodation. These pop-up campsites will fill the gap and boost the rural economy after the difficult circumstances of last year.”

Want to know more? Contact Stephen Richards on stephen.richards@carterjonas.co.uk or 07968 216596

Professional services

‘Game-changing’ business software measures farm sustainability • Assesses carbon footprint and biodiversity • Analyses farm business performance too • Integrates with existing software packages

new software package aims to help farmers plan the path to greater profitability by assessing the sustainability of their farm business. Called Sandy, the suite of software from Trinity AgTech is described as a simple-to-use digital assistant which provides robust proof of provenance for far produce and captures the full value of natural capital. The software seeks to support farmers as they face major changes in farm support. This includes the phase-out of the basic payment scheme and the introduction of new schemes which will reward farmers for undertaking environmental work. Sandy’s core tools include carbon footprint and biodiversity assessments. But it also covers livestock management, monitors crop performance, nutrient status and yield prediction – as well as analysing farm business performance.

Game-changer Trinity AgTech managing director Richard Williamson, formerly farms director of Beeswax Farming, said: “Our industry is changing, and Sandy has come at a time when farmers are being forced to ask themselves how their business will evolve. “Within this change, there are opportunities for farmers to capture different and diverse income streams. However, farmers need clear, independent and robust information to succeed in these.” Mr Williamson said Sandy used the latest science and technology to help farmers achieve new heights in environmental progress and financial prosperity while adding greater credibility to their traced provenance. He added: It’s the digital assistant I’ve been looking for in my farming career.” Sandy was developed by a team of more than 30 scientists and engineers in consultation with farmers and industry leaders who sit on Trinity AgTech’s Advisory Council. Major retailers, banks and cooperatives also back the use of the software.

How it works Integrating with other farm software, Sandy processes the array of data available to farmers through an easy-to-use range of tools. This puts hard numbers on the environmental benefits delivered by the farm – as well as its financial performance. Sandy captures every aspect of a farm’s financial and environmental contribution, delivering precision and simplicity to all stakeholders, said Mr Williamson. It strips out friction, delay and cost from the system. Jake Freestone, 2020 Soil Farmer of the Year and Farm Manager of Overbury Enterprises, is trialling Sandy. He said it had the ability for managing and monetising a path for farmers towards net zero and biodiversity targets. Mr Freestone added: “With the quality of science underpinning it and the industry backing it’s achieved, Sandy looks set to deliver what we’re looking for. It can pull into one place and make sense of the many data sources we have. “It looks to provide clarity and precision through a range of tools that are remarkably easy to use. I hope Sandy will help direct us on our path to building local markets for food with trusted provenance and opportunities to capitalise on emerging income streams.”

The software measures environmental and financial performance.

About Sandy Officially launched last month, Trinity AgTech has been developing its software for the past three years in collaboration with farmers, scientists and engineers. Trinity AgTech’s scientific board includes a team of more than 30 scientists specially selected for their peer-reviewed work on sustainability – including carbon and biodiversity – agricultural productivity and mathematical optimisation. Software design and integration has been developed by an in-house team of around 30 designers and engineers using best-of-breed agricultural technology and innovations from across the USA and Europe. Sandy is believed to be the first package of its kind to measure the sustainability of a farm business – both from a financial and environmental perspective. Software subscriptions are expected to cost £1000-1500 annually. Trinity AgTech’s advisory council includes members from across UK farming. They include John Allen (Kite Consulting), James Farrell (formerly Strutt & Parker), Will Gemmill (Ceres Rural) and Christine Tacon (Assured Food Standards).

Farmer Jake Freestone has been trialling the Sandy software

Based in Gloucestershire, Mr Freestone said Overbury Enterprises had worked hard to develop a rich and diverse farming system, improved soil health, provide habitats for wildlife and deliver a vibrant rural environment for the local community. He added: “It’s how we grow our crops, look after our animals and care for our countryside, and we want to capture those values in the produce that leaves our farm and the services we provide.” With the ability to integrate and work alongside most existing farm management and financial recording tools, Sandy is now available for farmers looking to make their wealth of data work for them. Software demonstrations can be arranged with a Trinity AgTech engineer via www.trinityagtech.com.

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How to make the Sustainable Farming Incentive work for you EXPERT VIEW Details are finally emerging of ways the government will pay farmers to look after the environment, says Honor Eldridge

rexit created a unique opportunity for the government to reform farm support. Now outside the confines of the Common Agricultural Policy, the UK has seized the opportunity to create a new system that will require farmers to do more in return for their money. The government’s new approach will pay farmers to deliver clean air, clean water and other ecosystem services. Known as “public money for public goods”, it will reward farmers for looking after the environment and tackling the climate crisis. It represents a profound shift in policy – and analysts have spent many years discussing how it might work. While Defra’s vision for the new Environmental Land Management (ELM) scheme is clear, the details are still only trickling out.

Does it stack up? A further glimpse of what it will involve emerged last month when Defra published details of its pilot Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI). In time, this will form the entry level of the ELM scheme and reward farmers for basic environmental improvements. The pilot SFI outlines nine initial standards, each containing three levels – introductory, intermediate, and advanced – including payments. The intermediate level of the improved grasslands standard, for example, will pay £62/ha. This allows farmers to start seeing how the new system stacks up financially against the current system of basic payments and countryside stewardship. But remember, it is a pilot scheme and revisions are likely before final terms are unveiled next year. Defra officially launched the

SFI pilot in February 2021. It received more than 2000 expressions of interest, indicating the level of interest among growers and livestock producers. Those farmers are now being invited to join the pilot itself.

Measures of success The success of the SFI will be dependent on funding. The government has committed to ringfencing the money from the basic payment scheme until the end of this Parliament. But there is no guarantee as to what happens afterwards. This is less than positive. Every farmer knows a successful business needs long-term planning. And we simply don’t have that certainty yet because we don’t know at what level government funding will be set. There are other challenges too. Defra is actively considering the possibility of lowering the minimum area requirement criteria for farmers wanting to join the scheme – opening it up to a wider number of applicants.

While the total amount of funding has been ring-fenced, this obviously does not equate to ring-fencing the amount that individual farmers receive. And more farmers in the scheme means less money available per farm. However, ELM is not the only funding route available to farmers. The government is keen to incorporate funding from the private sector too. This means private companies will also support public good delivery by funding agricultural projects. Some companies have already adopted this “private money for public goods” approach. They include water companies who pay farmers to limit fertiliser applications, thereby reducing the risk of leaching into watercourses.

Woodland creation Private funding could also be available through woodland creation as a carbon offsetting mechanism. Or through biodiversity net gain, which requires any new construction to deliver additional biodiversity to offset any losses at the development site. Overall, the idea is that this combination of public and private money will create a similar funding level to the amount of money previously available to farmers through the Common Agricultural Policy. It is clear that the future of funding for the farming sector will

be considerably more complicated than it was in the past. A standardised cookie-cutter application will not be viable going forward. This means each farmer will need to investigate all the different funding options, consider their land, and review the specifics of their business. Only after that, will they be able to identify the best option.

“

The new approach represents a profound shift in policy And this option will likely look very different to your neighbour. Advisers and specialists have a role to play by helping to dispassionately assess the data and identify the best route that secures the most funding. They can also guide clients through this process and maximise their profitability. The SFI will be an exciting shift where UK agriculture will begin to move towards a more sustainable future. But it will be challenging, and it will require farmers to be resourceful and willing to try new and innovative methods. Honor Eldridge is an environmental consultant for Wilson Wraight. For details, call 01284 334483 or visit www.wilsonwraight.co.uk

JULY 2021 • MIDLAND FARMER 43

Machinery Contractors struggle to increase fieldwork prices • Margins squeezed as input costs rise • 91% of farmers now employ a contractor • Costings benchmark fieldwork rates

rices charged by agricultural contractors are largely similar to last year – despite higher input costs and buoyant commodity markets. Spiralling farm input costs over the last year continuing to pile pressure on farm incomes. But many agricultural contractors say they have difficulty increasing their prices for key operations due to local competition. Some machinery prices have gone up 8% in the past year, according to the National Association of Agricultural Contractors (NAAC). It has published its figures to help contractors and farmers calculate individual costings for 2021/22 (see table). NAAC chairman Matt Redman said contractors had struggled to increase their prices to reflect higher costs. And he cautioned: “If farmers are demanding a reliable, efficient, safe and innovative service they must expect to pay a sustainable rate.”

Hefty investment Meanwhile, expectations on contractors continue to escalate. Environmental awareness, specialist training, record keeping and the latest technology all require higher levels of expertise and investment in equipment. Farmers were increasingly reliant on contractors, said Mr Redman. It was vital that everyone worked in partnership to ensure businesses remained viable over the long term – with individual operations costed carefully and accurately. “Our industry has the potential to really drive forward agricultural productivity, in an environmentallysound format,” said Mr Redman. This included producing food while helping to meet net zero targets. Mr Redman said: “We are investing heavily in new technology – but we must be vigilant and ensure we can afford the costs of running a business, while remaining at the forefront of innovation.’

Contracting costs (£/ha) 2021

2020

Ploughing light land heavy land

63.19 67.09

63.13 66.86

Disc harrowing

59.00

Cereal drilling conventional combi-drilling direct drilling

51.37 63.81 59.24

49.98 63.59 58.72

Fertiliser spinning disc liquid

12.40 13.38

12.31 13.16

Crop spraying

13.89

13.37

Combining cereals oilseed rape (windrow) oilseed rape (direct)

93.13 94.12 92.63

92.96 94.12 92.63

(Source: NAAC)

44 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

Useful benchmark The survey is a useful benchmark to the industry but rates will vary significantly with region, soil type, customer size and machinery. Customers should therefore expect to see higher or lower prices quoted. The NAAC says many farmers struggling to operate without them. Contractors are land managers, advisors and protectors of the countryside. They provide skilled labour, high capital cost machinery and professional services. With it becoming increasingly expensive for farmers to run all machinery in-house, some 91% of growers and livestock producers use a contractor for at least some of their fieldwork, according to NAAC figures. While cost is important, farmers should also consider the quality, reputation and reliability of their contractor to get a job done well, said Mr Redman. Machinery prices had increased by 40% in the past decade and contractors needed to reflect this. The full guide can be found online at www.naac.co.uk.

We must ensure we can afford the costs of running a business, says Matt Redman

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FINAL SAY Clodhopper

The great betrayal The UK trade deal with Australia is bad for British farmers, says Clodhopper

ritish farmers – and livestock producers in particular – are set to pay a hefty price for the government’s eagerness to do a trade deal with Australia. Announced last month following the G7 summit in Cornwall, the trade agreement will open up the British market to Australian farmers. In time, tariff-free beef could reach these shores from Australia and flood our domestic market. Currently Australia pays a 20% tariff on all exports of beef and lamb. The government insists the floodgates will remain closed. But it is hard to see how they will stay shut when tariffs are removed – even if they are being phased out over 15 years.

Real worry International trade secretary Liz Truss has negotiated a deal that makes it impossible for British farmers to compete with Australian beef – no matter that it is shipped here from the other side of the world. The real worry for British farmers is, of course, the lower standard of much imported beef. Australian farmers operate under different standards to British producers – and some of their production methods would be illegal here.

46 MIDLAND FARMER • JULY 2021

We like to think British beef is second to none. The fear is that the vast Australian cattle lots with less than ideal conditions will result in inferior beef being sold here for British consumers. Australian cattle are reared using hormones, antibiotics and lengthy transport times without access to water. And even if Australian beef is labelled on supermarket shelves, many consumers will be none the wiser.

Uncomfortable truth Leaving the European Union means the UK government is now free to strike its own trade deals. With that comes the need to acknowledge an uncomfortable truth: British farmers – me included – have long been cushioned from the harsh reality of the ruthless global market. Many of us have become so accustomed to our annual basic payment that it is hard to see how we will survive without it, let alone compete with cheap food imports that undercut our own beef and lamb. It is not a subject or a theme that is widely spoken about in public. But

“

‘Our own government has chosen Brisbane over Blighty.’

Brexit and the removal of the basic payment, which starts to be phased out later this year, puts British farmers and food producers in direct competition with the rest of the world. But we can’t compete on price – not when we are expected to abide by some of the highest production standards in the world. Those high production standards all add cost and that should be recognised by the government.

Diminishing returns Some say the 15-year transition period is generous and gives us time to adapt. But those high production standards will still be there when it is over. And at the same time, our returns and margins are slowly diminishing. Surging global commodities, the covid pandemic and the threat of allout war in the Middle East mean it is a wonder that the Australian trade deal ever reached the front pages. The fact that it did shows that people do care what we eat. If Australian cattle farms are bigger and better than ours – and produce better quality meat then I have no problem with that. But the fact is that we are being expected to compete on a playing field that is far from level. And that is unfair. Ideally, the quality of our product should shine through. But it is hard to see how when our very own government has chosen Brisbane over Blighty.

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Midland Farmer July 2021

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