American History

American History November 20, 2015

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American History

Cowan’s 6270 Este Avenue Cincinnati, OH, 45232 513.871.1670 Fax 513.871.8670

cowans.com

Auction November 20, 2015 10 a.m.

Exhibition November 19, 2015 12 p.m. - 5 p.m.

November 20, 2015 8 a.m. - 10 a.m.

Bid In person, by phone, absentee or live online at bidsquare.com

Phone and Absentee Bidding 513.871.1670 or visit cowans.com Buyer’s Premium 20%

Specialists For This Auction

Wes Cowan

Katie Horstman historic@cowans.com

Matt Chapman matt@cowans.com Contributors: Allen Cebula Thomas G. Landrigan Alison Lotto Larry Strayer Pat Tench

Katie Wright katherine@cowans.com

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COWAN’S AMERICAN HISTORY

Mike Vigna

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American History

Lots 1 - 309

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | Cased Images | Union 1 Quarter Plate Daguerreotype of Capt. Sylvester Nicholl, NY Marine Light Artillery, KIA Extremely rare, Civil War-period quarter plate daguerreotype of Sylvester Nicholl in his captain’s uniform, housed in full floral Union case. Ca 1861.

Nicholl enlisted in the Union Army as a captain on October 5, 1861.

He commanded Company A, New York Marine Light Artillery, on board the USS Pickett. The Pickett was the smallest of A.E. Burnside’s fleet warships. As an act of confidence, Burnside ordered the Pickett to be the first ship to lead an expedition of North Carolina to prove the “seaworthiness” of his seven armed propellers. All survived the expedition, but neither the Pickett nor its captain survived the war.

On September 6, 1862 the Pickett suffered a detrimental explosion against enemy fire on the Tar River in Washington, NC. Eighteen men lost their lives that night, including Nicholl. The Pickett remained underwater until North Carolinian’s rediscovered it in 1984. Unable to completely exhume the ship, divers salvaged over 500 artifacts from the wreckage with the hope of establishing a museum. $2,500 - $3,500

2 Civil War Quarter Plate Tintype of 29th or 31st Connecticut Colored Infantry Sergeant Hand-tinted, quarter plate tintype of an unidentified Union Infantry Sergeant dressed in uniform, his “sergeant” sleeve bands highlighted in yellow, and wearing an untrimmed slouch hat. The subject, believed to be from either the 29th or 31st Connecticut Colored Infantry, is seated in front of a studio backdrop showing an illustrated camp scene.

Following the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863, the US Department of War issued General Order No. 143 in May of 1863, which established the Bureau of Colored Troops. The following November, during a special session of the Connecticut General Assembly, a bill allowing Governor William A. Buckingham to organize regiments of “colored” infantry was proposed and later authorized. This bill called for volunteers to form the 29th Regiment Colored Volunteers. The response was strong, and by January 1864, over 1,200 African Americans flocked to the 29th Connecticut along with over 400 men that joined another colored regiment, the 30th, and eventually 31st Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiments. (Information obtained from Connecticut History Website, Oct. 5, 2015.) $1,500 - $2,500

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THE CIVIL WAR | Cased Images | Union

3 Civil War Quarter Plate Tintype of an Armed Union Cavalryman Quarter plate, hand-tinted tintype of an unidentified trooper displaying his sword, with a pistol sitting on the table beside him. His uniform features tinted gold buttons, yellow piping, and blue trousers.

Housed in a geometric/scroll Union case. Image found in Windsor, VT. $500 - $700

4 Quarter Plate Tintype of Two Boys in Military Uniforms, Posed with the American Flag Quarter plate tintype of two boys in military-style pants and jackets posed with their arms on a table draped with the American flag.

Housed in The Music Lesson Union case (Krainik-37). $400 - $600

5 Sixth Plate Ambrotype of Flag Bearer, Nathan Gillette, 1st Conn.

Lt. Battery, with National Colors Sixth plate ruby ambrotype of Nathan Gillette, of Hebron, CT, with the national color of the 1st light Battery Connecticut Vols. The bearded private holds a kepi with small embroidered cross cannon insignia (no numbers), and he wears a nine button frock coat and belt rig retaining the early over-the-shoulder strap with rectangular plate, cap box, and saber.

The flag that Gillette proudly displays still exists and there is an identified photo of Gillette in the State Capitol in Hartford, CT. This appears to be the same photo but printed correctly so that the man’s cap is in his right hand and the view of the flag is of its reverse.

There is no known reason why the Battery received an infantry sized color, but it did. The large ungainly eagle, executed in shades of gray, appeared on almost all national colors carried by Connecticut troops. $1,500 - $2,500

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | Cased Images | Union

6 Civil War Sixth Plate Ambrotype of Three Soldiers, Including a Drummer and Two Armed with Muskets Sixth plate ruby ambrotype of three Union soldiers standing together for a studio portrait, each dressed in full uniform. Two of the soldiers hold 1861 muskets with bayonets attached, and have bayonets tucked into their belts. Cartridge boxes also hang from their belts. The third subject, a younger soldier, stands with a large drum hanging from a strap around his neck and holds a drumstick in each hand.

Housed in full geometric/scroll Union case. $800 - $1,000

7 Civil War Sixth Plate Tintype of an Armed Union Musician Sixth plate tintype of a Union cavalryman displaying an 1861 Colt Navy revolver and cavalry sword and with a bugle hanging from his neck.

Nice gold accent tinting, with the bugle strap painstakingly tinted to appear braided. Housed in a brown geometric/scroll Union case. $600 - $800

8 Civil War Sixth Plate Tintype of Capt. William C. Myers, 14th Ohio Light Artillery, Taken in Jackson, TN, 1862 Sixth plate tintype of William C. Myers wearing a sergeant’s jacket and Hardee hat with artillery insignia, armed with a holstered revolver and sword. Housed in a pressed-paper case with penciled identification under the plate and on the underside of the preserver: Will C. Myers, 14th Ohio Batt’y, Jackson, Tennessee, September 1862. Accompanied by a ninth plate tintype of Myers in civilian dress, dated 1861 and housed in a “church window” Union case, and a small printed parade flag.

William C. Myers enlisted as a sergeant in the 13th Ohio Light Artillery on Dec. 9, 1861, and transferred into the 14th Ohio Battery in April of 1862. He was promoted four times and mustered out as a captain on Aug. 9, 1865 at Camp Dennison. The 14th spent the majority of the war in Tennessee and Georgia, with notable service at Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, and Nashville. Myers had taken command of the battery just days before the Battle of Nashville, where on the second day they successfully drove a Confederate battery from their position on Hillsboro Pike, south of the city. $500 - $700

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THE CIVIL WAR | Cased Images | Union

9 Sixth Plate Tintype of Armed Union Soldier Wearing a Glengarry Cap Sixth plate, hand-tinted tintype of an aged soldier wearing a Glengarry cap, which suggests that he may be affiliated with a New York State militia, although this cannot be confirmed. A British hat badge, possibly representing the Cameron Highlanders, is visible on the hat. The subject, who is seated beside a table draped with the American flag, has a Model 1851 Colt pistol tucked in his belt. House in full geometric/scroll Union case. $500 - $700

10 Half Plate Tintype of Camp Willard, GAR Reunion Encampment Half plate tintype of around 20 middle-aged men posed outside a tent bearing the sign Camp Willard and flying the American flag. This appears to be a GAR reunion encampment, possibly in Albany, NY, which hosts Sons of Union Veterans NY Post 154, named in honor of Col. George L. Willard, 125th New York. Housed in full pressed paper case.

Within two weeks after the 125th New York mustered in, the regiment surrendered to Confederate forces at Harper’s Ferry on Sept. 15, 1862. The Confederates detained the regiment for two months before making an exchange for other prisoners. The 125th left for Gettysburg and fought valiantly. The commander, George L. Willard, was killed during that battle. The 125th went on to fight in several battles throughout the remainder of the war including the final battle of Petersburg, and mustered out June 5, 1865 near Alexandria, VA, under Col. Hyde. $500 - $700

THE CIVIL WAR | Cased Images | Confederate

11 Civil War Sixth Plate Ambrotype of Confederate Soldier Elbert Dorn Sixth plate ambrotype of a young man in a CSA private’s jacket. Housed in a half case with modern identification, Pvt. Elbert Dorn / Edgefield, SC, behind the plate. Elbert Dorn enlisted in the 5th South Carolina Reserves on Nov. 1, 1862, and the 1st South Carolina State Troops Infantry on Aug. 1, 1863, but there is little information regarding the actions of either regiment. Public records show Dorn was born in Edgefield in 1841 and died in Greenwood County, SC. $600 - $800

12 Civil War Sixth Plate Tintype of Heavily-Armed Confederate Soldier Sixth plate, hand-tinted tintype of a Confederate soldier displaying a Smith & Wesson Model 1, second issue, pocket revolver, with a Bacon percussion revolver and what appears to be a coffin head Bowie knife tucked into his belt. Housed in a full geometric/scroll Union case. $600 - $800

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Confederate

13 CSA General Robert E. Lee Signed CDV Lithographed view of Confederate Army of Northern Virginia Commander Robert E. Lee (1807-1870), signed below portrait, R.E. Lee. No studio imprint. $1,500 - $2,500

14 CSA General Joseph E. Johnston Signed CDV Lithographed CDV of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate Army, signed below portrait, J.E. Johnston, published by the New York Photographic Co. $1,000 - $1,500

15 CSA General Franklin Gardner CDV Vignetted, hand-tinted portrait of CSA General Franklin Gardner (18231873), with 1863 copyright line on recto of Lilienthal, and his New Orleans imprint on verso.

Gardner graduated from West Point in the class of 1845 and subsequently won two brevets for Gallantry in the Mexican war.

Appointed colonel in the regular CSA army in 1861, his rise was rapid.

After Shiloh he was made brigadier general and was engaged in Bragg’s invasion of Kentucky. He was in command of the ill-fated CSA troops at Port Hudson, and after its fall became a POW. Exchanged in 1864, he served the remainder of the war in posts in Mississippi. A rare image; we have not encountered another. $600 - $800 16 No Lot

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Confederate

17 CSA Lt. Colonel J.S. Walker, 12th Arkansas Infantry, CDV Carte of John S. Walker as a lieutenant colonel, with Anderson & Blessing, New Orleans backmark.

Walker was a member of the 12th Arkansas Infantry, organized during the summer of 1861 by E.W. Gantt. The unit had the unfortunate distinction of being captured in 3 engagements (Fort Donelson, Island No. 10, and Port Hudson). After the exchange at Fort Donelson, the unit reorganized, but after Island No. 10, many refused to return, and the ranks were filled by 500 new recruits. After their third capture, the officers were imprisoned (primarily at Johnson’s Island, Ohio) and the unit never reorganized. $600 - $800

18 CSA Captain John S. Lanier CDV A fine, full-length portrait of John S. Lanier, who served as AADC on the staff of Leonidas Polk and later, as captain and AADC on staff of Franklin Gardner. This image of Lanier as a captain, presumably taken while he was serving under Gardner. Backmark of Anderson, New Orleans. $600 - $800

THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union 19 Major General Robert Anderson, Signature Written During Siege of Fort Sumter, Plus CDV Anderson, Robert (1805-1871). Civil War Brigadier General, Brevet Major General. Signature as Major, USA, 3.25 x 3 in., “Fort Sumter SC.” March 1, 1861. Written during the Siege at Fort Sumter.

Framed together with a CDV of Anderson as brigadier general, photographer’s mark not visible.

Overall, 10.5 x 14.75 in.

Although he was a pro-slavery, former slave owner from Kentucky, Anderson refused to betray the Union and defended Fort Sumter from the attacking Confederate forces until defeat was imminent. For this he was considered a national hero, and personally awarded his brigadier general’s star by President Lincoln on May 15, 1861. After being assigned commander of the Department of Kentucky and helping to hold his native Bluegrass State in the Union, Anderson retired in 1863 suffering from mental illness exacerbated by depression. He symbolically hoisted the national colors over the remains of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1865, and died in France in 1871. $800 - $1,000

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union

20 General George G. Meade Signed CDV Commercially published CDV of George G. Meade (1815-1872), the Union general best known for beating Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, signed below portrait, Geo. G. Meade/ Maj. Gen. G.G. Meade. No studio imprint. $800 - $1,000

21 General William T. Sherman Signed CDV Lithographed carte de visite of William T. Sherman (1820-1891), signed beneath portrait W.T. Sherman/ Maj. Genl. No studio imprint. $700 - $900

signature verso

22 General Winfield Scott Hancock Signed CDV Carte of Gettysburg icon, Winfield Scott Hancock (1824-1886) signed below portrait, Winfd. S. Hancock/ Major Genl. U.S. Vols./ Comdg. M.M. Dept., with Whitehurst Gallery, Washington, D.C. backmark. $700 - $900 10

COWAN’S AMERICAN HISTORY

23 General Philip H. Sheridan Signed CDV Carte de visite of Phillip H. Sheridan (1831-1888), Union cavalry commander and Indian fighter, appointed General of the Army (1883-88), signed on verso, Phil. H. Sheridan/ Maj. (?) Genl./ U.S.A. No studio imprint. $500 - $700 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union

24 General George H. Thomas Signed CDV Lithographed view of George H. Thomas (1816-1870), Union general who was one of the principal commanders in the Western Theater, signed below portrait, Geo. H. Thomas/ Maj. Genl. U.S.A. Published by E. & H.T. Anthony after Brady. $500 - $700

25 General Joseph Hooker Signed CDV Carte de visite of seated Union Gen. Joseph Hooker (1814-1879), best remembered for his defeat by CSA Gen. R.E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville, signed on mount below image, Joseph Hooker/ Maj. Gen. With Alexander Gardner’s studio imprint on verso. $500 - $700

26 General O.O. Howard Signed CDV Vignetted view of Medal of Honor recipient, Gen. O.O. Howard (18301909), signed below portrait, O.O. Howard/ Maj. Gen. Verso with E. & H.T. Anthony/Brady imprint and 2 cent revenue stamp. $400 - $600

27 General Irvin McDowell Signed CDV Carte de viste of Gen. Irvin McDowell (1818-1885) best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, signed on mount below image, Irvin McDowell/ Maj. Genl. Published by E & H.T. Anthony after Brady. $400 - $600

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union

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28 General Lew Wallace Signed CDV Standing view of Lew Wallace (1827-1905), Union general, Governor of New Mexico Territory (1878-1881), and author of the best-selling book, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880). Signed on mount below image, Lew Wallace/ Maj. Gen. Published by the E & H.T. Anthony after Brady. $300 - $500

29 General John Logan Signed CDV Carte de visite of Union Gen. and political leader, John A. Logan (18261886), signed on mount below image, John A. Logan, Maj. Genl., with Brady & Co., Washington & New York backmark. $300 - $500

30 General Gordon Granger Signed CDV Carte de visite of Union Gen. Gordon Granger (1821-1876), best known for his actions at Chickamauga, where he saved Gen. George Thomas’ regiment at Horseshoe Ridge, and in effect saved Gen. Rosecrans’ army from destruction. Signed on mount below portrait, Gordon Granger/ Maj. Genl. Published by E & H.T. Anthony after Brady. $300 - $500

31 General Nathaniel P. Banks Signed CDV A standing view of Union Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks (1816-1894) in full military regalia, signed below portrait, N.P. Banks, and inscribed and signed by Banks on verso from Waltham, Mass., 22 Nov. 1865.

Published by E & H.T. Anthony after Brady. $300 - $500

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union

32 Major Generals Dix, Hazen, Meigs, & Stoneman, Four Signed CDVs Lot of 4 autographed CDVs of notable Union generals, including: John Adams Dix (1798-1879), signed on mount below image, published by E. & H.T. Anthony after Brady; William Babcock Hazen (1830-1887), signed below portrait as Maj. Gen., no backmark; Montgomery C. Meigs (18161892), signed on mount recto and verso as Quarter Master Gen. and Bvt. Maj. Gen., published by Anthony after Brady; and George Stoneman (1822-1894), signed below portrait as Maj. Gen., published by the New York Photographic Co. $800 - $1,000

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signature verso

33 Admiral Farragut Signed CDV, Plus CDV of D.G. Farragut (1801-1870) by Leon Bravy of Mahon, Menorca (Minorca, Spain), signed on verso Respectfully, D.G. Farragut / Admiral, plus an uncredited CDV from the same negative.

The Minorcan carte is of special interest because Farragut’s father, Jordi (George) Farragut had emigrated from the island. The elder Farragut came to America after his native land was ceded to the British in the 1763 Treaty of Paris, and fought the British as a lieutenant in the South Carolina Navy and Continental Navy during the American Revolution (Minorca was retaken during the war by a combination of French and Spanish forces in alliance with America). This carte dates from when Admiral Farragut visited his ancestral home while in command of the U.S. Navy’s European Squadron ca 1867-1868.

The Paul DeHaan Collection of Items Related to Admiral D.G. Farragut $1,000 - $1,500

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signature verso

34 Admiral Farragut Signed CDV, Plus Lot of 2 CDVs of D.G. Farragut, including an uncredited three-quarterlength portrait signed on verso With the compliments of Rear Admiral D.G. Farragut, U.S. Navy, and affixed with a three cent revenue stamp, plus a half-length portrait by Sarony, New York.

The Paul DeHaan Collection of Items Related to Admiral D.G. Farragut and the USS Hartford $1,000 - $1,500

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs | Union 35 U.S. Naval Commanders, Incl. Stewart, Farragut, Porter, & Winslow, Signed CDVs Lot of 4 autographed CDVs by Mathew Brady, including: Admiral D.G. Farragut (1801-1870), signed as Vice Admiral on recto and verso; David D. Porter (1813-1891), second U.S. Navy officer to attain rank of admiral after Farragut, signed on mount below image as Rear Admiral; Rear Admiral and commander of the USS Kearsarge, John A. Winslow (18111873), signed on mount below image, published by E. & H.T. Anthony; and Charles Stewart (1778-1869), U.S. Naval officer who saw action during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812, and served as captain aboard the USS Constitution. Carte signed on mount below image, published by Anthony. $800 - $1,200

THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs & Albums | Union

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36 Civil War CDV Album Featuring Soldiers of the 52nd U.S. Colored Troops Leather album containing 35 CDVs and tintypes, featuring 26 portraits of officers and enlisted men from the 52nd U.S. Colored Troops, accompanied by civilian portraits. The majority of the military cartes were taken by Army photographer, D.P. Barr or Barr & Young, Vicksburg, MS, and one bears a Campbell & West, Vicksburg backmark.

Identified soldiers include: Lt. Col. Henry Rowan Brinkerhoff, signed on mount recto; Capt. George B. Magens and his wife, he rose from a pvt. to a capt. during his service in the Civil War; Capt. Martin Van Buren Haskins who rose from pvt. to a capt., signed on recto; Capt.

Fredrick D. James, who enlisted as a pvt. and was slowly promoted to capt., signed on recto; Capt. Clarendon Kelly in his full uniform with sash, kepi, and saber, signed on the recto; Capt. Tolliver P. Vest (signed as 1st lt.) in his uniform with gloves, sash, saber, and slouch hat; an intimate portrait of 2nd Lt. David Kidd and 1st Lt. Thomas H. Everson, with their arms on each other’s shoulders; 1st Lt. Garret V. Wood, who enlisted as a sergt., signed on the recto; Br. Maj. Nathaniel G. Clement of Co. A, who enlisted as a captain and was promoted in 1865, carte signed on recto; 1st Lt. of Co. H, Zalmon Hawley, carte signed on recto; carte signed on recto by 2nd Lt. Thomas V. Coddington who enlisted as a corp. in the OH 54th, and was promoted to 2nd lt. the day he was commissioned into Co. F of the 52nd; 2nd Lt. Maurice L. Whiteside, signed as lt. on the verso; 2nd Lt. Bennett F. Michael, signed on the recto; Asst. Surgeon Harris B. Osborn, signed on recto; 1st Lt. Fletcher W. Clark, signed on recto; with 11 unidentified views of officers, including two posed with their wives.

On March 11, 1864, the 52nd US Infantry was organized from the 2nd Mississippi Infantry. It was attached to the 1st division of the United States Colored Troops in the district of Vicksburg, MS in October of 1864. The 52nd saw action at Coleman’s Plantation on Independence Day, 1864, and continued to stay and serve duties at various points in the Vicksburg, MS district and the Gulf until it mustered out on May 5, 1866. $2,000 - $3,000 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs & Albums | Union

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37 32nd Indiana CDV Album Identified to Capt. Louis von Trebra, Plus CDV album of Capt. Louis von Trebra, 32nd Indiana Infantry, containing 33 CDVs, most of which are of officers in his regiment and some of which are signed. Album with green leather covers, gilt page edges, and identification on the cartes and on the album pages.

Also included in the lot are Civil War histories, including: Annals of the Army of the Cumberland (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1863. 8vo, 671pp); First Annual Report of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland, 1868 (Cincinnati: 1868. 8vo, 162pp); a German-language history of the 9th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, titled Die Neuner (Cincinnati: 1897. 12mo, 290pp); and von Trebra’s inscribed copy of a German-language history of the US Civil War, titled Gelchichte des Vierjahrigen Burgerkrieges in den Bereingten Staaten von Amerika (Frankfurt: 1865. 8vo, 585pp plus foldout maps); plus copious research by amateur Civil War historian James Barnett, including hundreds of pages of research, correspondence, photocopied service documents, and even photographs of the graves of many of the members of the 32nd Indiana and Army of the Cumberland.

Louis von Trebra (1841-1911) enlisted as a private on September 20, 1861 and mustered into Co. C of the recently-formed 32nd Indiana Infantry. He was promoted three times, culminating in his appointment as captain of Co. E on Oct. 17, 1863, and mustering out in that position on September 7, 1864. Like many in his regiment, von Trebra was born in the German Empire -- specifically Lubben, Prussia. His younger brother Henry von Trebra, was commissioned the lieutenant colonel of the 32nd upon its formation and served as its colonel from July 18, 1862, until his death of typhoid fever in August of 1863.

The 32nd’s organizer and initial commander was August Willich, a Prussian-born aristocrat who served with distinction in the Prussian Army and voluntarily shed his noble title in keeping with his communist ideals.

The regiment moved throughout KY and TN and participated in the Battle of Shiloh, Nashville, Stone’s River, and Chickamauga. After the capture of Atlanta many veterans mustered out at Indianapolis, but the whole company mustered out on December 4, 1865.

Identified CDVs from the 32nd include: Brig. Gen. August Willich (photographed in civilian clothing); Col. Henry von Trebra; Col. Francis Erdelmeyer; Lt. Col. William George Mank (signed), later Lt. Col. of the 6th Veteran Volunteer Infantry and Bvt. Brig. Gen.; Maj. Peter Cappell; Capt. Emanuel Eller, Co. A (signed and inscribed to von Trebra); Capt.

Siegmund Selig, Co. C; Capt. William Urlan, Co. D; Capt. Andreas Winter, Co. K; Capt. Charles Nagel, Co. C; Capt. William Borck, Co. G; Capt.

William T. Hahn, Co. I (possibly signed); Capt. Isidore Esslinger, Co. E (signed and inscribed, Feb. 1862); Capt. John Henry Warneke, Co. A; 1st Lt. & QM Fredrick Ludwig (signed and inscribed, March 1863); 1st Lt. John Mayer, Co. K (signed); 1st Lt. Louis Loether, Co C; 1st Lt. Gustave Hochstaetter, Co. I; 1st Lt. Louis Ansbittel, Co. B; 1st Lt. Frank Weber, Co. D; 1st Lt. Charles Reifert , Co. F; 1st Lt. Robert A. Wolff, Co. F (signed and inscribed); 2nd Lt. Valentine Koehler, Co. F (signed); Asst. Surg. Emil Forstmeyer; Chaplain F.H.W. Schmits.

Also included are: copy CDV of Maj. Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook; CDV of Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, from an engraving; lithographed CDV of Maj. Gen. O.O. Howard; CDV identified as “Capt.

Ruhlman of Ohio,” who appears to be wearing a 1st Infantry kepi; Soldier identified as “Lt. Link”; unidentified standing Union soldier posed with a sword; unidentified seated Union officer, possibly Gen. George Henry Thomas (unmounted); Civilian identified as Rudolph von Trebra. $1,000 - $1,500

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs & Albums | Union

38 Massachusetts, Mellen Family Photograph Archive, Including Civil War-Period Photographs Lot of 150+ photographs relating to the Mellen family of Massachusetts, including eight cased images; approx. 140 CDVs and cabinet cards of men, women, and children, the majority housed in four separate albums with many of the subjects identified; and five portraits, both tintypes and large format silver gelatin photographs with identifications inscribed on back.

Highlights include: CDV of David D. Mellen in uniform, by Kingman & Bradford, Greenfield, MA, as well as a sixth plate ambrotype of the subject in civilian clothing. David D. Mellen was a member of the 52nd Mass. Vols. He enlisted as a private on September 11, 1862, and was mustered into Co. F the following month. Sadly, he was killed in action on June 24, 1863 at Port Hudson, LA. Two identical CDVs of Corporal William H. Mellen, one signed on verso, each with D. Smith, Athol Depot, Mass. backmark, and two pre-Civil War

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COWAN’S AMERICAN HISTORY

ninth plate ambrotypes of Mellen with period identifications inside the cases. William Mellen enlisted at 18 as a private and was mustered into Co. A of the 21st Mass. Infantry the same day. He was promoted to corporal on July 26, 1862 and transferred to Co. K, Veteran’s Reserve on October 7, 1863. He mustered out the following May. Mellen survived the war and went on to become a very active member of the GAR. A copy of the H.V. Smith GAR directory featuring his portrait, with his “compliments,” and position accompany the lot. Mellen was the commander of the post. Also included is an itinerary of the 41st Annual Reunion of the 21st Mass.

CDV of William H. Henshaw of the 25th Mass. Volunteers in civilian attire, with penciled identification and J. Reed, Worcester, Mass. imprint on verso. Henshaw was a 30-year-old farmer when he enlisted as a private in the 25th Mass. in September of 1861. Within less than a year, he was discharged for disability at New Bern, NC on May 9, 1862. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | CDVs & Albums | Union 39 George Kane, Politician and Police Marshal During 1861 Baltimore Riot, CDV, Tintype, & Cover Lot of 3 items relating to Maryland politician and Baltimore police marshal, George Proctor Kane, including: a gem sized tintype of Kane; CDV by Tanner & Vanness Photographers in Lynchburg, VA; and an illustrated cover featuring Kane’s standing portrait in front of a gruesome scene comprised of dead bodies and smoking alters captioned Secession and Union.

Kane (1820-1878) was an imposing figure who commanded the respect of many in Baltimore. In 1860, the local officials elected him “Marshall of Police” to straighten out the crooked city. Barely a year into his position, Detective Allan Pinkerton uncovered a plot to assassinate President Lincoln while he was traveling through Baltimore. Despite the threat of danger, someone overheard Kane say he refused to send police escorts for the new president. Whether or not his claims were serious, Pinkerton did not trust the “rabid rebel” and made alternative travel arrangements.

Four months later, in June of 1861, an unruly mob of Confederate sympathizers and anti-war activists attacked Union troops headed South. Despite his Southern sympathies, Kane guarded the troops.

Shortly after the riots, however, Gen. Benjamin Butler arrested Kane on suspicion of protecting the illegal trafficking of arms. He was detained at Fort Warren and Lafayette until 1862. Immediately after his release, he retreated to VA until the end of the war. He returned to Baltimore and was elected mayor, but died two years into his term in 1878. $400 - $600

THE CIVIL WAR 40 Civil War Photographer, Alexander Gardner Signed Check Gardner, Alexander (1821-1881). Civil War photographer. Check signed, 7.5 x 3 in., “Washington, D.C.” January 29th, 1880.

Gardner was one of the top portrait photographers in his field.

He worked closely with the famous photographer Mathew Brady and assumed most of the responsibilities in his studio in 1858.

Gardner captured many iconic images of gruesome Civil War battlefields that brought “the terrible reality and earnestness of war” into the homes and hearts of Americans. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images

41 Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the War, Philp & Solomons, 1865-1866 Two volumes, oblong folio. Washington: Philp and Solomons, 1865-66.

With pictorial title pages after A.R. Ward, containing 100 albumen photographs by Gardner and others, each 6.75 x 8.75 in., mounted on larger sheets with pre-printed mounting blocks and printed captions.

Each plate accompanied by a printed page describing the image.

Published pebbled dark brown/black morocco, with gilt-decorative borders and the publisher’s gilt monogram, all edges gilt. First edition.

Called the “first modern photo-essay” (Stapp 1991: 28), Gardner’s “sketch book” is recognized as the first published collection of Civil War photographs. Conceived by Gardner as a post-war memento, the 100 photographs represent selections from the over 3,000 negatives taken during the Civil War by himself and associates. Unlike Brady, Gardner carefully credits each of the original photographers who took the negative: George Barnard, Timothy O’Sullivan, William R. Pywell, W. Morris Smith, David Knox, and D.B. Woodbury. As Stapp notes,

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Gardner viewed the text and photographs to function as an extended essay comprising images and explanatory text that worked together organically (ibid: 28). The Sketch Book is organized chronologically, and covers the war in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, with the central event the battle of Gettysburg.

Seminal photographs from this conflict include A Harvest of Death; Field Where General Reynolds Fell; Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter; and Sharpshooter’s Last Sleep. Exhibited in New York shortly after the battle, these images dramatically brought home the carnage of the battle, and shocked American’s who previously had an abstract view of the War. It has been estimated that no more than 200 copies of the Sketch Book were produced. This example includes the following dated, personalized presentation in ink on the front flyleaf: Anne P [?]

Howard. From her Husband. Dec. 31st, 1866. Copies of the Sketch Book with a period presentation are rarely encountered. $100,000 - $150,000

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6 of 100

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images

42 Robert E. Lee Salt Print Autographed in Richmond, Virginia, May 23, 1865 Oval salt print, 5.25 x 7.25 in., on gilt-bordered, 8 x 9.75 in. mount, signed directly below the portrait in Robert E. Lee’s distinctive hand.

The mount also bears the following inscription: Richmond Va/ May 23, 1865/ Signed by Gen. Lee/ with his own/ hand at my request/ J.H. Watson. Several hundred Confederate soldiers named “J. Watson” are listed on HDS, which makes it difficult to confirm the identity of the original owner of this rare portrait, autographed by Gen. Lee over a month after he surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to U.S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.

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The portrait was produced in 1864 by J. Vannerson, a Richmond photographer whose work ranked with that of Mathew Brady. Upon the request of several Richmond women who wanted new pictures of Lee, he sat, dressed in his best, for Vannerson. Supposedly, the photographer took four views of Lee, but only three exist, including this fine portrait, which was widely circulated and was eventually reproduced as both lithographs and engravings. The portrait has also had a major influence on artists who have tried to portray Lee over the years (Meredith, 1981: 40-44). $15,000 - $20,000

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43 General Robert E. Lee and Staff, Autographed Photograph by Brady Albumen photograph, 7.25 x 8.75 in., on printed mount bearing title, Gen. R.E. Lee and Staff, with Brady & Co. imprint and 1865 copyright line.

The mount is autographed lower right, R.E. Lee. Housed in period frame, 13.75 x 16 in.

A fine image of the aged general, with his eldest son, General George Washington Custis Lee, on the left and Colonel Walter Taylor on the right, taken at Lee’s Richmond home on Franklin Street in April, 1865, not long after Appomattox. Mathew Brady made six negatives on the occasion, all are seldom encountered. Brady would later recount that there was little conversation, though Lee changed his position according to his directions. Brady had been present from the first battle of the Civil War at Bull Run until this “final” session, which completed his photographic coverage of the war, and this photograph is certainly one of his most celebrated images (See Meredith 1981: 60-65). $12,000 - $16,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images 44 General McCook & Staff, Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 8 x 5.5 in., captioned on 9.75 x 7.75 in. mount below image, “General Mc’Cook and Staff.” Lacking a photographer’s imprint. A fine, outdoor portrait of McCook, seated at center, and his staff, with a soldier standing behind the row of officers, displaying the 20th Army Corps flag.

Presumably taken at camp in Decherd, TN during the summer of 1863. From the left the officers are: Lt. Col. Horace Fisher, Lt. Col. Gates P. Thurston, Capt. Frank J. Jones, Gen. McCook, Capt. Alexander C. McClurg, Maj. Caleb Bates, and Lt. Col. George W. Burton.

One of fourteen “Fighting McCook” brothers from Ohio, Alexander McDowell McCook (18311903) became colonel of the 1st Ohio and was appointed brigadier general in September 1861.

He fought at Shiloh and Corinth and was promoted to command of the 20th Corps, leading them through the Tennessee campaign of 1863. McCook was ambitious and harbored aspirations of army command while being completely blind to his own shortcomings. In the aftermath of the Chickamauga disaster, corps commanders McCook and Crittenden were singled out for blame. A subsequent court of inquiry formally exonerated McCook but he never again held field command. Surprisingly, McCook remained in the army until 1895 and died in 1903. $900 - $1,200

45 Generals Rosecrans & Sheridan, Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 8 x 5.5 in., captioned on 9.5 x 7.75 in. mount, “Generals Rosecrans & Sheridan.”

Lacking a photographer’s imprint. Presumably taken at camp in Tennessee in the summer of 1863. Standing from the left, the figures include an unidentified captain, Capt. Charles R. Thompson, and Dr. David J. Griffiths, and seated, from left, are Lt. Col. Calvin Goddard, Major General W. S. Rosecrans, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, and Brig. Gen. George Henry Thomas.

Gen. William S. Rosecrans (1819-1898) was a deeply pious and driven man who, before his military career, seemed to succeed at any task sent before him. His peers admired his sense of duty and honor but his superiors disliked his abruptness and stubbornness.

He was indecisive on the battlefield and often refused orders. He was passed over for promotions due to his own decisions and a tense rivalry between he and Ulysses S. Grant.

Maj. Gen. Phillip Sheridan (1831-1888) worked closely with Rosecrans. Rosecrans was so impressed with Sheridan, he promoted him to brigadier general. Thomas Buchanan Read’s popular poem, “Sheridan’s Ride,” and Sheridan’s destruction of the Shenandoah Valley in 1864, called “The Burning” made him a wildly popular war hero. He was responsible for several decisive victories that helped Lincoln win his second term and stopped Gen. Lee from delivering some severe blows in pivotal battles. $900 - $1,200

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images 46 Civil War Albumen Photograph, Stone River, Possibly Unpublished Albumen photograph, 8 x 5.5 in., on 9.25 x 7.25 in. mount with ink title, “Stone River.” Lacking a photographer’s imprint. Across the banks of the diminutive body of water, this previously unknown photograph captures a camp of soldiers, casually dressed in fatigue blouses, kersey trousers, and slouch hats, traveling by covered wagons. Standing on the river bed is a young African American boy, his hat tilted, hip cocked, and hands around his belt, with his dog by his side. Other soldiers stand or pose with their arms crossed or hands on their hips, looking directly at the camera.

There appears to be a few more African American men situated near the tents. A fine, never-before-seen view of a small camp in Tennessee, likely taken during the summer of 1863. $900 - $1,200

47 Civil War Albumen Photograph, Military Bridge at Chattanooga, Tenn.

Albumen photograph, 10 x 7.5 in., on 11.75 x 10 in. mount with inked caption, “Military Bridge at Chattanooga, Tenn.”

Lacking a photographer’s imprint, but likely taken in the summer of 1863. The image provides a distant view of several men standing on the main deck of the steamboat, “Resaca,” which was built by U.S. personnel before the Civil War. During the conflict, she navigated the Tennessee waterways. Capt. John L. Doss owned the “Resaca” after the war and navigated her up the Little Tennessee near the North Carolina state line. Western & Atlantic owned and operated the “Resaca” in the spring of 1870, but retired her in May of 1870 and used parts of her engine for the “J.T. Wilder.” $600 - $800

48 Civil War Albumen Photograph of Ship, Chattanooga, Near Barge Albumen photograph, 10.25 x 8 in., on 12 x 10 in. mount, featuring a view of the ship, “Chattanooga,” near a barge, with its crew of African American and white men positioned at various points throughout the ship. Flags fly at the front and back of the ship.

Although there were several Civil War-era ships named “Chattanooga,” this example was likely built in Kingston, NY in 1857 and owned by James and William Williams, who possessed several other ships.

Lacking a photographer’s imprint but likely taken at Stone’s River, TN, during the summer of 1863. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images 49 Civil War Albumen Photograph, The Suck on Tenn.

River Above Bridgeport Albumen photograph, 9.75 x 8 in., on 11.75 x 10 in. mount with ink caption, “The Suck on Tenn. River Above Bridgeport,” photographer unknown. A tethered steamship crawls towards massive coils of rope waiting on the banks of the Tennessee River for the steamship to dock.

A lone man stands erect in the distance on a sand bar.

Presumably taken during the summer of 1863. $500 - $700

50 Civil War Albumen Photograph, Lulah Falls, Lookout Mountains Albumen photograph, 10.25 x 8.25 in., on 11.75 x 9.5 in. mount, with ink caption, “Lulah Falls Lookout Mountains.” Union soldiers pose, either standing or lounging, on massive rocks in front of the cascading falls. Lacking a photographer’s imprint, but likely taken in Tennessee during the summer of 1863. $600 - $800

51 Civil War Albumen Photograph, Crest of Lookout Mountain, by Sweeny Albumen photograph, 7.75 x 6 in., on 10 x 8 in. mount with penciled caption, “Crest of Lookout Mountain,” taken near Chattanooga, TN. Also titled, partially dated 186?, and signed in the negative

by Thomas Sweeney. At right, in the distance is photographer J.B. Lynn at work, capturing “Balanced Rock” or the soldiers standing near it. Presumably taken ca 1863-1864.

Following the battle of Missionary Ridge in November 1863, J.B. Linn and his brother, Royan M. Linn, established an impromptu studio near Point Lookout. Capitalizing on the scenic grandeur, the Linn brothers photographed untold thousands of Union soldiers starting in December 1863 and afterwards as the western armies congregated for the advance on Atlanta. $400 - $600

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images 52 Civil War Albumen Photograph of the Colonel and Staff of the 30th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Fairfax Court House, VA Albumen photograph, 13.75 x 11.75 in., mounted, 14 x 11 in., providing an outdoor view of the camp of the 30th Pennsylvania Volunteers at Fairfax Court House, VA on June 4, 1863. Six officers are visible in the foreground, and a penciled note on the mount identifies one of the officers as Colonel William Tally.

William Talley lived in Rockdale, PA until he enlisted as a captain at the age of 25 in May of 1861. He was promoted to colonel in 1863 and brigadier general by brevet in 1865. Talley survived the war, living until 1903.

The 30th Pennsylvania mustered in on June 9, 1861 at Camp Wayne, and was engaged at Mechanicsville, Glendale, Malvern Hill, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. It mustered out on June 13, 1864, eight days after this photograph was taken.

Throughout the duration of the war, the regiment lost six officers, 102 men where either killed or mortally wounded, and 64 men died of disease or accidents. $700 - $1,000

53 Civil War Photographs of the 12th New York Infantry at Camp Lot of 2 albumen photographs of the 12th New York Infantry. Both 4.25 x 3 in. informal, outdoor views are affixed to 6.5 x 5.5 in. mounts.

Photographer unknown.

The first image captures a crowd of men informally posed in front of Sibley tents. The drummer at left poses on one knee with his instrument in front and his drumsticks in hand, and another man who towers over the others has his rifle casually slung over his shoulder.

The second photograph provides another view of the same 12th New York in formation with rifles with fixed bayonets. The drummer with eagle painted drum stands at the ready on the end of the line. Two soldiers at left appear to be caught in mid conversation. Old Glory can be seen flying at right.

The 12th New York left for the capitol on May 28, 1861 and stayed until July 10, 1861. The regiment lost 143 men at the Second Bull Run and was in reserve at South Mountain and Antietam. In December, it fought at Fredericksburg. The regiment and most of its original members mustered out of service at Elmira, NY, May 17, 1863. $700 - $1,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Large Format Images 54 Civil War Albumen Photograph of Three Union Officers Studying a Map Albumen photograph, 4.75 x 6.75 in., of three Union officers posed as if examining a map. The two on the left appear to have the oak leaf shoulder straps of a major or lieutenant colonel and all three hold their swords. Housed in period gilt frame, 12.5 x 14.5 in. overall. $500 - $750

55 The Aztec Club Framed Albumen Photograph, 1873, Including U.S. Grant and Other Noted Generals Albumen photograph, 9.75 x 12.75 in. (sight), framed with the original printed label identifying all of the sitters, housed in a period gilt and gesso frame with modern professional matting, 27 x 31 in. overall. Label reads: The Aztec Club / Members and Guests present at the Anniversary Dinner given by the President, Gen’l ROBERT PATTERSON, at his residence, Sept. 16th, 1873. The members and guests include: Col. Charles I. Biddle; Gen. Z.B. Tower; Gen. Robert E. Patterson; Gov. M.L. Bonham; Gen. J.J. Abercrombie; Surg. John M. Cuyler; Maj. Gen. T.L. Alexander; Lt. Col. Fred D. Grant; Gen. O.E. Babcock; Capt. E.L.F. Hardcastle; Gen. Wm. F. Barry; Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox; Gen. Fitz John Porter; Capt. Henry Coppee; Gen. Robert Patterson; Gen. Ulysses S. Grant; Gen. Geo. A.H. Blake; Gen. L.G. Barnard; Gen. O.L. Shepherd; and Gen. William H. French.

The Aztec Club was a military fraternity founded by officers of the US Army during the occupation of Mexico City in 1847. The original membership was an impressive group of 160 officers including future presidents Franklin Pierce and Ulysses S Grant, future Confederate Army generals Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, and P.G.T. Beauregard, and other noteworthy US officers such as George B. 26

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McClellan, Joseph Hooker, Philip Kearny, and Jesse Reno. Membership was not expanded until 1871 when they admitted 127 more Mexican War veterans, most of whom had distinguished themselves commanding troops on either side of the Civil War, such as Union generals Sherman and Crittenden and CSA generals Longstreet and Buckner. Annual meetings were held at various sites throughout the country, but most often at the Philadelphia residence of club president Robert Patterson, as seen in the image offered here. The 1874 reunion the following year was hosted by President Grant at the White House, and Grant served as vice president of the organization from 1881 until his death. $1,800 - $2,200

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy 56 Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson, VMI Diploma Signed by Several Future Confederate Officers Diploma, vellum, approx. 14 x 18 in. Lexington (VA), July 4, 1860. For A.S. Scott, Hardy County, VA. Abel Seymour Scott later enlisted as a 1st lieutenant in the 13th VA Infy. In Dec. 1862 he received a commission as captain of the 18th VA Cavalry.

Signed by VMI Faculty members: F. H. [Francis Henney] Smith (1812-1890), Supt. (later Colonel CSA); Thos. H. Williamson (1813-1888), Prof. Engineering (special assignments CSA); T.J. [Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall”] Jackson (18241863), Prof. Natural and Experimental Philosophy (Lieut.

Genl. CSA); S. [Stapleton] Crutchfield (1835-1865), Prof. Math (Col. CSA under Jackson, KIA Battle of Sailor’s Creek, April 6, 1865); John T.L. Preston (1811-1890), Prof. Languages (Lt. Col. CSA, Staff of T.L. Jackson); William Gilham (1818-1872), Prof. Chemy. &c (Colonel CSA); R.E. [Raleigh Edward] Colston (1825-1896), Prof. French Mil. History &c (later Brig. Gen. CSA); R.L. Madison, MD, Prof. Natural History &c.

Also signed by the Board of Visitors, the governing body of the school: Philip St. Geo. Cocke (1809-1861)(later Brig. Genl. CSA); J.C. Moncure; Jos. Mayo, Jr.; Jno. Echols (later Brig. Genl. CSA); Wm. M. Laughlin; Wm H. Richardson; A.Russell Meem; T.S. Haymond; John Letcher (1813-1884, Gov. VA 1860-1864) $8,000 - $10,000

57 CSA General John Hunt Morgan, Signed Slave Receipt, 1854 Morgan, John Hunt (1825-1864). CSA General.

Partially printed DS, 1p, 7 x 4 in., Fayette Co., KY. December 26, 1854. A Kentucky slave receipt for the purchase of a 19- year-old boy named George for $900. Morgan’s grandfather was the first millionaire west of the Alleghenies and built an austere house in which George, the teen-aged boy that was the subject of this sale, would ultimately live and toil.

The dashing Kentucky cavalryman, John Hunt Morgan, became a darling and magnet for the Southern cause even before his death in 1864. Col. Morgan was a proponent and successful practitioner of guerrilla tactics and the driving force behind the Confederacy’s Partisan Ranger Act of April 21, 1862.

Morgan’s grand foray north of the Ohio River scared Midwestern governors but, unsupported, counted as little more than a large “raid” that temporarily buttressed Southern morale while adding to his personal fame. Morgan was killed in Greenville, TN while preparing an attack on Knoxville. $2,000 - $3,000 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy

58 CSA General John Hunt Morgan and 71 Raiders, Prisoner of War Autograph Album Leather Keepsake Album published by Lippincott, Philadelphia, 8.75 x 5.57 in., containing the autograph of General John Hunt Morgan (1825-1864), “The Thunderbolt of the Confederacy,” and 71 of his fellow raiders, all but one on a single page side, with a few examples that are clipped signatures affixed to a single page. Free end paper inscribed To George M (or W) Walker by his Friend Lieut. ?.

After terrorizing the citizens of Indiana and Ohio with his daring raid, Morgan, along with nearly his entire command was captured near New Lisbon, OH on July 26th, 1863. Morgan and his men were initially moved down river to Cincinnati. From this embarkation point, enlisted men were sent to Camp Douglas near present-day Chicago, IL. In late July, Morgan, and sixty-eight of his officers were sent to Columbus and interred in the Ohio State Penitentiary. By late October Captain Thomas E. Hines, had devised an escape plan after discovery of a ventilation shaft below his cell floor from which a tunnel was ultimately dug through two six-foot thick walls and twelve feet of grouting to reach the prison wall. On the night of November 24th, Morgan, Hines, Captains J. C. Bennett, L. D. Hockersmith, C. S. Magee, Ralph Sheldon, and B. Taylor escaped. Hines and Morgan traveled by train to Cincinnati, crossed the Ohio River into Kentucky and wound their way back to Confederate lines in Georgia.

The album contains the autographs of Morgan and Col. R.C. Morgan (John Hunt’s brother); Lt. Col. Cicero Coleman and 2nd Lt. Thos. W. Bullitt (a Louisvillian credited with helping dig the tunnel); Capt.

Basil Duke, Thos. Morgan, C.H. Morgan, and C.C. Morgan (relatives of John Hunt) and more. Included among the signatures are those of four of the six escapees: Morgan, Thomas Hines, R. Sheldon and L.D. Hockersmith. Virtually all signatories list their unit and rank. Highlights include: Capt. J.S. Ambrose, 8th KY Cav. Co F., signed in Lawrenceburg, KY; Capt. B.S. Barton, Chenault’s 11th KY Co. K, signed in Trainsville, TN; Capt Issac Baker, 3rd KY Co. H, signed in Plattsburg, MO; Capt. J.C. Bennett who escaped with Morgan, 10th KY Cav. Co. A, signed in Calhoun, KY; 2nd Lt. Thomas W. Bullitt, 2nd Cav. Co. C, signed near Louisville, KY; Maj. R.S. Bullock, 8th KY Cav., signed Lexington, KY; Lt. Col. Ciccero Coleman, Cluke’s Cav. 8th KY Cav., signed in Lexington; Lt. J.H. Croxton, 2nd Brig., signed in Winchester, KY; Col. Basil W. Duke, Morgan’s brother-in-law, 1st Brig., signed in St. Louis; Maj. W.P. Elliot, who was detained in solitary confinement, signed in Knoxville, TN; Capt. Gibson Hart, signed in Woodford Co., KY; Capt. Micajah 28

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Griffin, 9th TN Cav. Co A, in Gallatin, TN; Capt. Thomas Henry Hines, architect of Morgan’s escape, 9th KY Cav. Co E., signed in Bowling Green, KY; Capt. L.D. Hockersmith, escaped with Morgan 10th KY Cav. Co. C, in Louisville, KY; Capt. L.D. Holloway, 5th KY Cav., in Stomping Ground, Scott County, KY; Capt. J.L. Jones 5th KY Cav. Co. D., in Napolean, KY; Capt. R.D. Logan, 6th KY Co. A, in Danville, KY; Capt. M.D. Logan, 3rd KY Cav. Co. I, in Lancaster, KY; Maj. J.B. McCreary, Chenault’s Regt. Mt., 2nd Brig., in Richmond, KY; Capt.

E.W. McLean, 2nd KY Cav. Co. B., in Keysburg, Logan County, KY; Thomas Moreland, 1st Brig., signed in Owensboro, KY; Col. Richard C. Morgan, Morgan’s brother, 14th KY Cav, signed in Lexington, KY; Capt. Calvin C. Morgan, Morgan’s brother, signed in Lexington, KY; Aid D’ Camp Charlton H. Morgan, signed in Lexington, KY; Maj. W.G. Owen, 10th KY Cav., signed in Washington, D.C.; Capt. R. Sheldon, escaped with Morgan, 2nd Ky Co. C., signed in Bardstown, KY; Capt.

James N. Taylor, escaped with Morgan, 19th KY Cav. Co. E., signed in Henderson, KY; Capt. P.H. Thorpe, 1st Brig., signed in Summit, MS; Capt. Buford A. Tracy, 11th KY Cav. 2nd. Brig., signed in Winchester, KY; Capt. L.W. Trafton, signed in Henderson, KY; Lt. Col. Joseph T. Tucker, 11th KY Cav., signed in Winchester, KY; Capt. E.D. Warder, 3rd KY Cav. Co. C., signed in Louisville, KY; Capt. John H. Wolfe, 3rd KY Cav., signed in Georgetown, KY. $8,000 - $10,000 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy 59 CSA General John Hunt Morgan, Endorsed Civil War-Dated Manuscript Resolutions Morgan, John Hunt (1825-1864). Lot of 2 manuscript resolutions sent to Morgan, each endorsed in his hand as Answered on verso, followed by the date.

Includes manuscript document signed, 1p., January 8, 1864, stating, The House of Delegates of Virginia, learning of the arrival in this City of Brigadier General John H. Morgan, and being desirous in some manner of showing their appreciation of his gallantry and distinguished services.

Resolved, that he be invited to take a seat of privilege on the floor of the House of Delegates. Resolved, That the Speaker be requested to communicate to General Morgan the passage of the foregoing Resolution. With ALS from Hugh W. Sheffey, Speaker of the House of Delegates at bottom, which reads, in part...None of the heroes of this war will be more cordially welcomed to the Hall of the House than yourself and you will find there those who will rejoice to honor him whom a wicked enemy has in vain sought to affix the badge of dishonor...

Plus ALS from Shelton C. Davis, 1 p., January 8, 1864, in which he writes, Resolved, That a Committee of three be appointed to tender to Genl. John H. Morgan a seat in the Senate Chamber to be occupied at his pleasure, during his sojourn in the city of Richmond.

Morgan was a tenacious general in the Confederate Army. He led several cavalry charges that disrupted Union communications in

60 Confederate Archive Related to the 154th (Senior) Tennessee Volunteers, from Brigadier General Preston Smith’s Military Correspondence Lot of 50 individual orders issued by the 154th Senior Tennessee Regiment under Brigadier General Preston Smith. They originated from Smith’s Order Book and were preserved by Jacob Lyman Cook, Corporal, Co. L. Signed by a number of Assistant Adjutant Generals, the manuscript documents date from early 1863.

Preston Smith was born into modest circumstances in Giles County, TN, December 25, 1823. He studied and practiced law first in Columbia, then at Waynesboro and finally in Memphis. He married Mary Amanda Crofford in 1846 and they had two children.

With the outbreak of the Civil War, Smith ended his law practice and entered into service as a Colonel for the 154th Infantry Regiment of Tennessee. The unit saw its first action at Shiloh (April 6 & 7, 1862).

Smith assumed command of the unit when General Bushrod Johnson was wounded in action on the first day. Smith himself was disabled with a wound to his right shoulder on the following day. He recovered and returned to the Army joining Kirby Smith’s (no relation) Kentucky Campaign reporting to General Patrick Cleburne. When Cleburne was wounded in the Battle of Richmond (August 29 & 30, 1862), Smith assumed command of the Division. Colonel Smith was commissioned Brigadier-General, CSA on October 27, 1862.

At the beginning of the Battle of Chickamauga (September 19 & 20, 1863) his brigade was assigned to General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham’s Division, forming the right wing of the Confederate Army.

On the night of September 19, 1863, Smith and Deshler’s brigades were ordered to launch a night attack. Disorder and misunderstanding ensued quickly. Smith moved to the front to reconnoiter and ventured into the battle line of the Pennsylvania 77th Infantry Regiment. The Pennsylvanians unleashed a deadly volley that mortally wounded Smith and killed one of his aides outright. The general died within an hour of being shot. He was initially interred at Atlanta, GA, but was reburied at Memphis on May 2, 1868. Today he lies in peace at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis.

verso details

Tennessee and Kentucky. His tactics created the fearsome reputation of Southern cavalrymen. Union forces captured Morgan during a raid into Indiana and Ohio, but he escaped the federal penitentiary and resumed raiding. Hunt accepted the position from the Senate but died shortly after a surprise attack. $1,000 - $1,500

The 154th Tennessee was an infantry regiment that served with the CSA for the entire conflict. It was a pre-war organization that maintained its designation after the war broke out. The 154th reorganized in Randolph, Shelby County and sought to retain its old number and received permission to add “Senior” to its regimental number. It fought at Shiloh, Richmond (KY), Perryville, Chickamauga, and the Atlanta and Nashville Campaigns. The 154th surrendered May 2, 1865 at Greensboro, NC. Smith’s orders provide interesting insight into the workings of the 154th. They are labeled as being Circulars, General Orders or Special Orders and cover a variety of aspects connected to running a large and complex organization. It is striking that the regiment faced many of the same challenges that large modern organizations face: Reporting and Accounting Hereafter under the column of Effective Total in the reports from the Army, Extra duty men & men in arrest will not be included. The ‘Effective Total’ must include only the fighting field force.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy Supply The rations of Whiskey when issued will be two Gallons (to the hundred ranking).

Human Resources Job Postings The Examining Board established …to examine candidates…for appointment as Artillery Officers will meet at Tullahoma Tenn. Tuesday January 20th, 1863…All applicants for appointment will present themselves before the Board for examination… Adjutant and Inspector General’s office will furnish to applicants information in regard to qualifications requisite to pass satisfactory examination.

Inventory Control Brigade Commanders will furnish…a report of the no. of Tents now on hand…and the number required…Estimates for (1) tent to 8 men.

61 CSA Pvt. James Francis Heizer, 14th Virginia Cavalry & McClanahan’s Battery, Archive Incl. Correspondence with Fiancée Regarding the Civil War and Post-War Career as Traveling Photographer Lot of approx. 146 letters accompanied by the book entitled The Heizer Family: American Pioneers by James Harion Heizer, ca 1861-1868.

On the horrific battlefields of the Civil War beat the hearts of many desperate men struggling to survive the horror to return back to the beauty of home and the arms of their lovers. To retain some of their humanity, they candidly spoke to their sweethearts about their struggles and horrors of war more than they did to their mothers or brothers. One of those men on the field was James Francis Heizer.

Heizer was a private in the Confederate army. Amazingly, he recorded his own account of service in the war. He writes: I joined the Churchville Calvary when it was organized a year or two before the war broke out...Our uniforms were scarlet caps, and jackets with white collars, grey pants, and boots with spurs. We met in Churchville once each month for a few hrs drill.

In April 1861, we were ordered to report at Stanton for duty, but this order was given by someone who had no authority, so we were sent back home with instructions to drill every day while waiting for further orders.

Sometime, the latter part of April we had orders to report for duty- this time from the proper authorities...Early in the spring of ‘62 I joined McClannahan’s battery, which was attached to the Inbiden’s[?] Brigade of the Calvary- (ours being the only battery in this brigade) which was camped near New Providence Church at this time. I remained with said battery ‘till Gen. Lee’s surrender...I was quite fortunate in never having been captured, or severely wounded- was slightly wounded one, by having been struck on the hip with a piece of a shell in the battle near White Post, VA- was never in the hospital, but was sent home on several occasions to recruit (Heizer, May 17, 1927).

Heizer met his lover, Phoebe, through his brother. It might be that you and I had never become acquainted, had he not requested me to form your acquaintance, and taken me to your father’s with him, he explains to Phoebe (April 30, 1864). He developed a friendship and veiled his affection for her. They wrote long letters and exchanged poetic verses with one another. Finally, April 13, 1864, he could no longer hide his affection. In a desperate letter introduced as a typical letter with war news and camp he wrote: Phoebe, changing the subject abruptly, do you know that my feelings toward you are something more than mere friendship? You have no reason for thinking so from my words, but perhaps you have from my actions, and “actions speak louder than words.” I have no doubt you will think strange of what is contained in this letter, but I see no more necessity in concealing my intentions from you any longer, and remaining in suspense myself. I would greatly preferred talking the matter over with you, but you well know, that circumstances would not admit of it when I last saw you.

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Inflating Titles for Favored Staff Members Official Documents are sent to the HQ designating officers as: Senior First Lieutenant, Junior First Lieutenant, Senior Second Lieutenant.

Junior Second Lieutenant, Third Second Lieutenant. We desire that you impress upon the Gen.. Officers…that no such rank…is recognized …

The only grade known by law…being…First Lieutenant [and] Second Lieutenant.

Several documents deal with AWOL, desertion, discipline and court martial. One unlucky deserter is sentenced to be shot to death by musketry at such time and place as the Commanding General may deem proper. $1,000 - $1,500

Well then, I had intended proposing marriage to you this spring had I not some in service…Rest assured of one thing, I have made no effort to deceive you in any respect, and I am just exactly what I appear to be, and that I am just exactly, what I appear to be, and that I have not hastily arrived at this conclusion. Exercise your own discretion in regard to asking the advice of your parents on the subject, weigh the matter well as I have done, but answer as soon as possible, for we will be on the march shortly, and I may not receive your letter. Should you consent the time will be fixed in the future. I don’t know what the advice of our parents would be. I know not what my fate will be. I expect to be exposed to danger this summer of various kinds, and it may be that my days on earth will be few, but I well know that my life is in the hands of a Just and Holy God. She accepted his proposal a week later. Elated, he responded: I have one promise to make. I shall feel it to be my duty and not only a duty but my greatest pleasure to do all in my power to render you comfortable and happy…Whether my life shall be spared to see peace once more restored to our country is unknown to us, but we have the satisfaction of knowing that there is a place prepared for us if we live up to the requirements of God’s law…if we are to meet no more on this earth may we meet in heaven where parting is no more.

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Reflecting later on his affections in another letter he wrote to her: I waited a long time for you to [ask the “all important question”], as it was a leap year, and concluded at last to wait no longer. I gave you nearly six months, and I don’t believe now, you had any idea of such a thing.

However as you are young and bashful I saved you that trouble.

They kept their romantic connection with one another a secret from their families not because there was any opposition in Heizer’s family (he assured her they would cheerfully accept their match), but as suggested by him and requested by her to wait until the end of the war. To conceal their engagement, Phoebe asked that he burn her letters as soon as answered, and he complied (April 30, 1864).

Seeking a more certain view of the future, Heizer visited a fortune teller. He shared the reading with Phoebe, She said that I was to be married very soon to a fair-haired lady that I had a rival, a man with light hair and blue eyes, but I was to defeat him (March 18, 1862). The fortune teller was correct because a month later his fair-haired rival asked for Phoebe’s hand. Who is he? What is his name? Are you not at liberty to tell me, asked Heizer? Poor fellow! I am so sorry that his offer will have to be rejected (April 30, 1864).

Phoebe slipped a secret love note into a box of cake she sent him.

Mother did not know there was a letter enclosed with the cake until I opened it, writes Heizer. I don’t think, for I don’t believe it had been opened, and as to the some else that you speak of, I don’t suppose that they know anything of it...the signature to your last letter amused me as soon as I saw it. I suppose you know who “Flora” is if Miss Bettie doesn’t (May 16, 1864).

Heizer, like many soldiers, struggled to maintain his humanity in the midst of so much evil and suffering. He wrote to Phoebe: Some persons say that a man cannot live the life of a Christian in the army; but I cannot believe it. God is with us as well as in the army as at home and out prayers are never offered in vain…When we lay down to rest with nothing above us save the broad canopy of Heaven, and all is quiet in the camp. Not a night passes, but I spend an hour or two in thinking of any absent friends, self examination and prayer. I often think then is there any one thinking of me? Yes, I know of one whose prayers are daily offered in my behalf. You are the one, It seems that if the war was closed and I could become settled in life I could be the happiest of the happy. We would then be united, I would be your constant companion. It would be my delight to be constantly with you, to support and protect you…(July 15, 1864).

Not all was calm in their relationship. Heizer returned home on furlough and spent many hours with Phoebe, however, she thought it was not enough. She wrote a spurned letter to him. In response, he wrote:

Your last letter caused me considerable trouble and anxiety. You certainly cannot believe that I can ever forget one, in whose society, the most pleasant hours of my life has been spent, and on whom centre all my hopes of future happiness. No! as many faults as I have I do not profess that one, of trifling with the affection of ladies. Let me assure you, you will never find a truer, more devoted friend, than the author of these lines (February 17, 1865).

Near the end of the war Heizer quickly wrote a letter to Phoebe: Gen. Lee surrendered to Grant last Sunday morning with 17,000 men, and I believe it is the intention to surrender the whole army. The troops what were at Lynchburg Sunday were disbanded and sent home, I have had no opportunity of sending a letter to you since I left home. I expect to see you in a short time (April 11, 1865).

Their tumultuous engagement continued with angry letters penned back and forth. Without consulting his fiancé, Heizer decided to enroll in college in 1866. Enraged from an already extended engagement, Phoebe asked if he wished to be released. He replied, Yes! They continued to write letters to one another, some dripping with sarcasm or veiled insults. Heizer tried and failed at college. In 1866 he wrote to Phoebe, You will be surprised when I tell you that I have quit school, that I have changed from a student, to an artist (January 22, 1866). After the carnage of the war he peacefully worked as a traveling photographer through small, sleepy towns in Virginia and West Virginia. It was a lonely life and lasted for a short while. He wished to settle down and rekindle his romance with Phoebe. He wrote: I must acknowledge that I am entirely to blame in this matter…I did not ask to be released from the engagement on account of any dissatisfaction on my part, but because I considered it impracticable to carry out, or execute my plans for several years, and in that time, I did not know what changes might take place…Although you believe that you were the injured party, I do not believe that you have ever spoken an unkind word of me to any one. Can you now consent to be the same to me that you were two years ago? (December 10, 1867).

Phoebe responded, [I] will give you the reply that Gen’ Jackson sent to Santa Ana, “If he wants me, let him come and take me.”

They married in February 1867 and had nine children. Phoebe died at 61 of congestive heart failure in 1906. Heizer’s heart stopped beating in 1930 and the age of 88. They are now together in heaven where parting is no more.

For a detailed look at the contents of the archive, go to: http://www. historybroker.com/collection/heizer/index.htm. $5,000 - $8,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy 62 Confederate Niter & Mining Corps, Manuscript Archive Lot comprised of 20 receipts, inventory logs, memos, most from May 1864 to the end of the Civil War. Many are contracts between the Memphis & Charleston Railroad and the Confederate Niter & Mining Corps for lease of engines (“Iuka” and “West Tennessee” and their tenders) and cars for the transport of ore and cotton. For example, the receipt from Nov. 13, 1864 is for Box cars No. 107 and 139 and Flat car No. 468 (“in good running order”). There are also two lists of machinery leased to the government by the railroad, such as 1 Salt Cutting Machine, Complete (2000.00), 1 Screw Cutting Lathe Swing, Complete (2360.00), 1 Large Drill Press, Complete (2500.00), 2 Large Ratchet Jacks (650.00), etc., (9 pages, approx. 8.5 x 13.5 in.), with Wm. Richardson Hunt’s signature across one page. There is one lease agreement on the Niter and Mining Service letterhead with Hunt’s name printed at top.

The Niter and Mining Corps was a military unit that supplied the Confederacy with essential minerals and metals needed for the war effort. It began as an informal effort on the part of officers overseeing mining activities. Niter (saltpeter) is an essential part of gunpowder, but other minerals are also needed: lead, copper, iron, coal, etc. In June 1863 the Confederate Congress finally authorized the Niter and Mining Bureau as an independent office within the War Department. However, toward the end of the war, as able-bodied soldiers became harder to come by, the men were assigned occasional combat duty.

63 Stuart, Litchfield, and Bolling Families of Virginia, Collection of Letters, Ca 1870-1930s Archive of letters & documents, checks and autographs from the Stuart & Litchfield family [CSA Genl. J.E.B. Stuart’s immediate and extended family] extending, through marriage, to the Bolling family [1st Lady Edith Bolling Wilson family]. Items date mostly from 1870s to 1930s period, some earlier. The primary family line for these letters is the Litchfield family. While we found no J.E.B. Stuart signed items, there are a few autographs of CSA Generals and other officers. Lt. George V. Litchfield, Jr. (1837-1903) and his brother, Capt. Connally Trigg Litchfield (1829-1909) are referenced throughout the collection.

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A rare grouping from a little-known military department.

Accompanying the lot is a set of blank Confederate Pension forms (Soldier or Sailor and Widow - Class 1, 2, and 3) and a group of three documents from 1811 from Claiborne County, Mississippi Territory (statehood did not come until 1817) regarding court cases adjudicated by J. Harmon(?), Esq. $500 - $700

Lt. George, Jr. served as 1st Lt., Co. D, 1st VA Cavalry, CSA. [J.E.B. Stuart’s Cavalry]. He was wounded twice. In 1867 he married Elizabeth “Lizzie” P. Peirce, the niece of Genl. Stuart (her mother, Anne Dabney “Nancy” Stuart Peirce, was the general’s older sister). George Jr. and Lizzie had 5 children that reached adulthood, including Annie Stuart Litchfield (who married Rolfe Bolling, the brother of First Lady Edith Bolling Wilson). Capt. Connally Trigg Litchfield served as Capt. of Co. L, 1st VA Cavalry and served from First Manassas through the Appomattox surrender. Wounded many times, he unknowingly carried a 42-caliber ball he took in the face at Brandy Station for over 30 years. In 1897, to his shock, it fell out of his mouth [he lost his eyesight in one eye from a BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Confederacy

chronic, unexplained sinus infection. Mystery solved]. At Appomattox Court House, he was among General Rosser’s men who led a daring morning charge and subsequently rode away from the field with Rosser to avoid surrendering. Briefly summarized, the archive includes: 1878 ALS by Flora Stuart (widow of Genl. J.E.B Stuart) re her daughter’s illness, [Genl.] Joe Johnson returning from W(est) P(oint), … Jimmy is so anxious to go, but even if General P__ gave him the appointment I fear for him. There seems to be a fatality attending the boys from that District…Flora Stuart.; 2 ALSs by Henry C. Stuart (Governor VA, nephew of J.E.B. Stuart); ALSs by William A. Stuart (older brother of J.E.B. Stuart, who supported J.E.B.s family after his death)— to niece Lizzie re his sister Mary’s failing health & to give her opiates as doctor suggests [Mary Tucker Stuart Headen died two weeks later]; ALSs by Virginia Smith [grand niece of J.E.B. Stuart] re whether Major Jones will accept position at Emory & Henry or Mississippi & re little Flora’s death; ALSs by Wm. H. Mitchell, [VMI Grad, watched Abingdon, VA burn 1864] (one with cover C(ourtesy) Genl. Fitzhugh Lee); ALS seeking info on Connally who attended West Point briefly from 1849-50.; ALS to Capt.

Litchfield (care Genl. Fitzhugh Lee); DS Appointment of Connally as Dept. Collector US Int. Rev. under Fitzhugh Lee; 1891 printed letter asking Connally be an agent to collect funds to erect equestrian statue of Genl. J.E.B. Stuart in Richmond; 1901 ALS, with FF Env., by US Senator John W. Daniel [aka “The Lame Lion of Lynchburg” Major on Gen. Jubal Early’s staff ]; ALS & TLS, 1915, by Ann Mason Lee (Niece CSA Genl. Fitzhugh Lee, Grandniece Genl. Robt. E. Lee, G-G Granddaughter George Mason of Gunston Hall); ALS David Stuart Peirce (nephew Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, VMI Cadet at Battle of New Market) re his religious conversion, going to visit Aunt Flora (J.E.B.’s widow); ALS, Lois Stuart to Alex. Stuart, Glade; ALS by David Lowry (Sgt. 1st VA Cavalry & color bearer who hid their flag at Appomattox, it being one of the few uncaptured Confederate flags]; ALS Roderick R. Butler [CSA Lt. Col. Tenn.

US Congress]; ANs Attorney General Virginia, Lt. Col. 60th TN Vols, CSA) re $40 note.; ALSs by Elizabeth K.H. Litchfield, Missionary in China with husband Wm. G. E. Cunnygham; Approx. 12 ALSs by Annie Stuart Litchfield Bolling (great niece of J.E.B. Stuart and sister-in-law of US First Lady Edith Bolling Wilson, married to Rolfe Bolling) re disgust with Senators, family business, getting the Jeb Stuart biography, Rolfe’s health, getting a cordial note from the President…I told Rolfe that my relatives might not care to give me a personal introduction to the Roosevelts, but I had ways of reaching the President!..., making cabinet calls, three Americans being arrested in

Panama for a narcotics ring, the air mail scandals…the President has cancelled all contracts, except those for foreign mail & will turn over the work to the Army planes, getting a letter from Flora Stuart who is quite sick… had to give up her position and being treated by a woman doctor.

Dr. Boughman…; ALS by Sally W. Bolling (mother-in-law President Woodrow Wilson) re his wife’s death (wife a niece of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart): ALS by Elizabeth Bolling (niece of First Lady Edith Bolling Wilson) re cousin Flora [J.E.B. Stuart’s wife?]…don’t hit it off too well...Edith [Wilson] accepting invitation to her concert…, money problems of William Armstrong Bolling (brother of the First Lady), more.

The lot also includes misc. letters/documents from CSA veterans who fought with the Litchfields and Stuarts, and some later WW1 letters from France, advertising letters (including a group of agricultural advertising letters to Alex Stuart [J.E.B. Stuart’s brother], 23 signed checks with rev. stamps by Alexander Stuart (nephew J.E.B. Stuart), approx. 75 checks (1870s-80s, most with printed U.S. Revenues) signed

by George V. Litchfield, Jr.; and other revenue stamped checks from Virginia; silk campaign ribbon, Fitz Lee—Massey—Ayers, picturing Genl.

Fitzhugh Lee in uniform (probably for his Gubernatorial campaign); small tintype of black house servant with black child; CDV Robt. E. Lee; tintype of young identified man in (military?) jacket; 1845 document assigning a lease to Isaac R. Trimble; 1870 stock certificate from the Virginia & Tennessee RR Co., signed William Mahone as President (CSA Cavalry Genl.)- piece missing from left side, but signatures intact; 1849 Mississippi legal docket slip entirely written and signed Martin

by Wm. T. Martin (CSA Cavalry Maj. Genl. with J.E.B. Stuart and Genl.

Wheeler); 1855 stock certificate signed by L. O’Bryan Branch (CSA Brig.

General KIA at Antietam-Rare) issued to Peleg Rogers; card signed

by Henry Watterson (Chief of Scouts under Genl. Johnston, CSA); and signatures by John E. Cooke (Capt. CSA, on staff of J.E.B. Stuart, cousin of Flora Stuart, J.E.B’s wife), Jacob Thompson(Inspector General CSA, US Sec. Interior), Ben Fitzpatrick (Govr. Georgia, US Senate, Vice President running mate of Stephen Douglas), Charles James Faulkner (US Minister to France- recalled & arrested by Lincoln for attempts to influence Louis Napoleon to sympathize with the South, Asst. Adjt.

Genl. On staff of Stonewall Jackson), J.M. Mason (Pres. Pro Tem US Senate, CSA Cmmsr. to U.K. resulting in Mason/Slidell Affair), A.O.P. Nicholson (USS Tenn, expelled from US Senate for Southern views, Chief Justice TN Sup. Ct.), John Smith Young (Lt. Col. 5th LA Cavalry, CSA), and a couple of others not identified. $1,000 - $1,500

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union Lots 64-67 — Nathaniel Collins McLean, Brigadier General, USV Nathaniel Collins McLean was born in Warren County, Ohio in 1815 to a prominent family, whose father was John McLean, a member of Congress, a future Postmaster General and later an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. His most famous opinion was a dissent from the majority in Dred Scott vs Sandford, in which the justice spoke out against slavery. Young McLean was educated at Augusta College in Kentucky and received his law degree from Harvard College in 1838, when he married Judge Burnett’s daughter and began his own practice in Cincinnati.

In Autumn 1861 McLean helped organize the 75th Ohio Infantry at Camp John McLean and became its first Colonel, leading the regiment gallantly at the battle of McDowell, Virginia in early May 1862. Following Robert Schenk’s promotion at the battle of Cross Keys, McLean commanded the Ohio Brigade, consisting of the 25th, 55th, 73rd and 75th Regiments. Following the battle, General John C Fremont wrote to Secretary of War Stanton, stating McLean “distinguished himself by cool and steady courage and skillful handling of the troops under his command.”

His warmly praised conduct in action at Second Bull Run, where his brigade stubbornly held a difficult position on Chinn Ridge, led to his promotion to Brigadier General in November 1862. In that fight, “McLean [saw] a Union battle flag [and] realized that the flag’s wounded bearer was sitting upright supporting the colors of the 75th Ohio. McLean, Capt. Andrew Harris and a few men ran back to retrieve the colors. Although mortally wounded, Brady refused to release his grip. Harris pried each finger off the staff to free it from Brady’s devoted grasp.”

At the battle of Chancellorsville McLean’s Brigade was part of Howard’s 11th Army Corps and charged with anchoring the Army of the Potomac’s right in the woods west of the crossroads village. All through the afternoon of May 2nd, 1863, reports of Confederates marching to the right were sent to both corps and army headquarters, finally warning of a massive Confederate attack, which shortly thereafter crushed the Union Right. As second brigade from the right, McLean’s men were unable to stem Jackson’s onslaught.

In the aftermath of high-level finger-pointing, Howard averted culpability and shifted blame to his immediate subordinates and the GermanAmerican troops of his corps. In reality, few troops so positioned and greatly outnumbered could have stopped the unexpected early evening assault.

Discouraged by his superior’s criticism, McLean requested reassignment to the Department of the Ohio, to which he was appointed Provost Marshal General, a post he retained for nearly a year. In this assignment McLean was based near his Cincinnati home and enjoyed the affections of his large family.

On May 19, 1863, McLean bid farewell to his command, with Lieut. Ladley recalling: The whole brigade was drawn up in mass, the General mounted on a splendid gray horse which the 75th presented to him, rode in front and rear of our line, then halted in front of center. He then made a short and affecting speech, spoke of our trial and hardships, and especially of his old Regiment the 75th. Tears came in his eyes and he was much moved. When he had closed he passed down the line of officers and shook every one by the hand. So ended the farewell of Gen. N. C. McLean, a noble, brave and patriotic Soldier, one who was beloved by all, and especially by his old regiment.

During Sherman’s campaign for Atlanta, McLean commanded a brigade of Kentucky and Tennessee regiments in Schofield’s 23rd Corps. General Jacob Cox later wrote to Secretary Stanton: In the battle of Resaca, Gen. McLean displayed great gallantry in leading his brigade in an assault of the Enemy’s line, where the circumstances made one of remarkable peril. His horse was shot under him at that time and though the division in which he was in was repulsed, he gained great credit for his own conduct, as did the subordinate officers and troops of that whole command.

In the operations near New Hope Church, McLean again fell under criticism from General Howard, who commanded the 4th Corps, for allegedly failing to properly support troops of Howard’s Corps. On June 17th, 1864 McLean requested reassignment to district command in Kentucky and from there took part in operations against Saltville, Virginia. Late in 1864 he again took over a brigade in the 23rd Corps and led it from Tennessee to North Carolina, where a rendezvous with Sherman’s Army was made in March 1865.

The following month, with Confederate defeat assured, McLean resigned his commission on April 20, 1865, having served continuously throughout the war. His law practice was revived, but his interests soon turned to farming and he moved to Minnesota, where he purchased land. During the post-war years he maintained contact with officers of his command and joined the 11th Army Corps Association, Society of the Army of the Potomac. Relocating east, McLean died on January 4, 1905 at Bellport, Suffolk County, New York (Long Island) at the age of 89 and was buried in Woodland Cemetery.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union 64 Union General Nathaniel McLean, Extensive Civil War Archive Including Correspondence, Photographs, and War-Date Sketch This massive lot is comprised of almost 400 paper items, consisting of 339 letters and covers sent

by McLean to his wife, during the war years from June 1861 through February 1865. The majority of letters are four pages in length on a single folded sheet, with some letters of greater length with additional sheets. Almost every cover is intact, yet absent their postage stamps, victims of an early family philatelic (twenty-seven of these are Western Union telegrams bearing shorter messages, also with original covers.) Accompanied by 3 CDVs and a pencil sketch.

McLean was a consistent correspondent, writing sometimes every day or every-other-day, and at least once a week during periods of greater army activity. The result is a rich treasure of wartime detail, penned from the perspective of a fieldgrade and later, general officer’s point-of-view.

The market abounds in enlisted and line-grade officer letter collections – McLean’s uncatalogued correspondence offers historians a fresh look at such controversial engagements as Second Bull Run and Chancellorsville, where fate placed his regiment at critical positions on those fields.

Additional correspondence pertains to Virginia battles at McDowell and Cross Keys and north Georgia operations during the Atlanta Campaign, including Resaca, New Hope Church and numerous daily engagements that characterize Sherman’s campaign. A penciled five-page Memorandum of McLean’s Brigade itinerary runs from May 15 through June 17, 1864, the day McLean was reassigned to Kentucky. Also included is an unpublished, hand-written report dated May 24, 1864, detailing McLean’s Brigade operations for its first three weeks in-the-field.

The collection is chronologically arranged in four three-ring binders, the first three containing the General’s correspondence with Mrs. McLean. A fourth binder contains 55 military documents – pertaining to army business such as requisitions for his horse and forage, receipts from sutlers and Cincinnati merchants, and an interesting letter from a frustrated Quarter Master explaining the procedure by which a Surgeon is to be reimbursed. Original and period copies of General and Special Orders pertaining to McLean are also present, some fourteen in all, including two Courts Martial assignments.

Of greater historical value are papers pertaining to McLean’s military career, that includes a Memorandum of Agreement between the officers of the 75th and 79th Ohio, in the event of consolidation of the two regiments and how respective positions would be filled. Another interesting letter requests McLean’s help in providing medical treatment to a Confederate Captain held in Cincinnati. A similar letter from a Cincinnati officer’s father, requests an exchange for his injured son, at a time when the POW exchange had stopped in 1864.

Several letters or period copies of letters from fellow general officers are of greatest interest to students of Mclean or the campaigns in which he participated. There is a period copy of a letter by Major General John C. Fremont to Secretary of War Stanton, dated after the battle of Cross Keys, recommending McLean for promotion.

Another highlight of the collection is a series of handwritten orders

from the Atlanta Campaign, including Field Order No 103 with cover, completely penciled in General Jacob D. Cox’s hand.

Towards the end of McLean’s military career, there are three insightful letters between he and General Cox, as McLean expresses frustration at remaining in the same rank for over two years. His letter to Cox is a copy from his files, Cox’s original reply and a period copy of Cox’s letter to War Secretary Stanton are all present. In essence, Cox wrote a soothing letter, explaining why other general officers were entitled to the promotions they received, based on length of time they served in-the-field. These remarkably candid letters between general officers are seldom found in period collections. McLean’s frustration over Cox’s

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brotherly response seems to have contributed to his resignation less than two months later.

The following is a typical sample of McLean’s writing to his wife, dated May 30, 1864, from a camp at Burnt Hickory, GA: Again darling wife I have opportunity of writing you a letter. I am just at this moment indulging in most luxurious soldiering. Seated in an ambulance writing to you under the shade of a tree, without fear of an immediate attack from the enemy and this after having eaten a hearty dinner of side meat, corn bread & coffee. Yesterday afternoon, by order, we left the breastworks we had built of rough logs and rails, within close musket shot of the enemy, in their earthworks, and where we were subject to constant firing [illegible] the least exposure was made of our persons, and where it was impossible to sleep for the incessant noise of musketry, and constant vigilance necessary to guard against a sudden attack, for our present position of comparative safety. We all feel the change to be very great, and already experience great relief in all respects. The great and constant excitement under which we have been during this campaign has told upon us all with great force and the present rest we now have is enjoyed and esteemed as a great luxury. Today we have heard from the troops who took our place in the front. I hope they may bear it as well as we have done. How the rebels get along I can only imagine. They must feel it as much as we do, with the additional depression of having been defeated. I do not believe they can hold out much longer unless they receive reinforcements. They must either whip us or retreat. Day before yesterday they made two attacks upon our lines at different points and were repulsed with great slaughter. Last night also we had very heavy fighting all along the lines but I have yet heard no particulars. I hope you will be able to read my letter, but I can scarcely do so myself. The hardship and fatigue which I have gone through makes my hand tremble so that I can scarcely guide my pen. I am not sick, only exhausted and with a few days rest which I hope to get here, will be all right. My duty is to protect this point from a flank movement in our rear which the enemy might possibly make, if they could get around us with their cavalry. Our supply trains are near me in any quantity and my position here is one of great importance to our army. I hope to be able to keep all things right until I am relieved by some other brigade. As yet I have seen nothing in Georgia which would tempt me to wish for a change from Ohio. In truth everything which I have seen of the South so far, has only made me more contented with my own state. It is true that as yet we do not appear to have penetrated into that position where the richer classes live and therefore perhaps cannot rightly judge of the state. The class of people we have come across so [far] are 36

COWAN’S AMERICAN HISTORY

poor and ignorant, without the least refinements. We have seen but two of their houses with any pretensions to elegance and they were unfinished.

We have seen some fig trees with fruit half grown, but nothing else in the way of advanced vegetation to remind us of the sunny south. It is hot enough [illegible] to melt us down and it has done so to me, as I feel much lighter than when I started. Every morning I tighten my belt to make up for loss by want of appetite or the wherewith to gratify it. No letters from you for a longtime, I suppose on account of your sickness, which I thank God you have recovered from. I enclose you a note to a paymaster in order to enable you to draw my pay for your use. I as yet have enough. Love to Eliza and all the children with kisses for babies and darling wife. N.C. McL. This lot also includes a wartime CDV of N.C. McLean posed full length as colonel of 75th O.V.I. wearing frock coat and forage cap with 75th Inf. bullion device on cap front. With imprint on verso for Hoag & Quick’s, a well-respected Cincinnati gallery. Verso signed in period pencil, N.C. McLean in the General’s own hand. Deep rich tones distinguish this unpublished and previously unseen portrait.

Two ca 1875 copy cartes of McLean also accompany the lot. The first carte shows Mclean seated in his colonel’s frock coat with his characteristic full beard. On verso in period ink McLean captioned the carte: N.C. McLean, Col. 75th O.V.I., Sept 18th 1861. The second carte is a bust portrait in brigadier general’s frock coat. On verso in period ink appears McLean’s caption: N.C. McLean, Brig. Genl. U.S.V., Nov. 29 1862.

Artist’s pencil sketch of Brook’s Mansion, Gen. McLean’s Headquarters, Aquia Creek, Va. Feb. 1863. Sketch is surrounded by original 1890s mat and ink-captioned in artist’s hand: Compliments of Wm. C. Margedant, Late Capt. Supt. Topo. Engr. Dept., Army of the Cumberland and on the staff of Gen. McLean. Aquia Creek, Army of the Potomac. Sketch is done in primitive style with architectural details finely rendered. As explained in the artist’s letter to McLean, this is an 1890s hand-drawn copy of the original sketch, as originally drawn by Margedant (and retained by him.) Overall size of mat is 9 x 12 in., with interior opening of 4.75 x 7.75 in. Mat and sketch are repaired on reverse with non-archival tape – yet fit cleanly together.

Enhancing the sketch’s historical value is a typescript letter from Margedant dated Oct, 26, 1895 at Hamilton, Ohio, in which he writes in part: I suppose you do not remember me, the writer of this letter, but you surely remember Brooks Station near Aquair Creek, and the Architect of your bridal Chamber at Brooks Station. Dear General, I often think about Brooks Station and your Headquarters at that point; my work as topographical engineer in your division and the surveys I made up BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union to Petersburg, Va. Among my letters I have one with a sketch of Brooks Mansion at the Station in which you had your Headquarters, and I will with great pleasure make you a copy of the same and send it to you sometime when I have a little time to sketch.

When Margedant sent the sketch five weeks later, he included a 7pp typescript letter with inked corrections and addenda, providing recollections of his topographical duties on McLean’s Staff and of his life since the war. Of particular interest is a description of the house’s interior, which was defaced by Confederate soldier graffiti and unsuited for the eyes of a visiting General’s wife. As Margedant describes in fascinating detail, he and fellow soldiers set about to redecorate Brooks Mansion … one of the old southern houses with porch in front, very narrow and small windows and the rooms of medium size. It had the dark, gloomy appearance of southern houses at that time, and it made a person feel very disagreeable in such buildings.

What could be done to improve the appearance … and make it worthy the reception of a bride? Many suggestions were made which did not meet the approval of the officers in charge, because our transportation was very short, and we could not even secure the necessities of life. It would’ve been impossible to buy furniture and have the same transported to the camp; neither could we buy wall-paper or carpet, or anything of that kind which makes a residence pleasant. The solution was to make-do with material and skills available among Mclean’s Brigade personnel, including handmade furniture and carpets, and candle-soot decorations to cover the defaced walls.

Margedant’s account should have been published by the Ohio Commandery, M.O.L.L.U.S., of which he was a respected member.

Here is a present-day historian’s opportunity. The entire archive is an important historical find and worthy of book-length publication. $30,000 - $40,000

65 Colonel N.C. McLean’s Manuscript Report for the Battle of Bull Mountain (McDowell), Virginia, 1862 Five-page handwritten account of the battle of Bull Mountain, VA, submitted to McLean’s immediate superior, Brigadier General Robert H. Milroy. This report was prepared at Head Quarters, 75th Regt. O.V.I., Camp Franklin, VA, May 14th 1862 and reads in part: General, Under your orders, on the afternoon of the 8th inst. I marched to attack the Confederate forces then in position on the top of Bull Mountain …. The enemy were in position on the top of the mountain entirely secured from view, and the conformation of the ridge permitted them to deliver their fire with only the exposure of a small portion of their bodies, and in reloading, they were entirely protected from our fire by the crest of the hill. The side of the mountain up which I was compelled to make the attack was entirely destitute of protection either from tree or rock, and so steep that the men were at times compelled to march either to one side or the other side to make the ascent….

The enemy did not permit the skirmishers to advance far before a heavy fire was opened upon them from the whole crest of the hill. The mountain was circular in formation so that when the whole line was engaged the flanks were in a measure concealed from other. The enemy received us with a heavy and destructive fire that I was compelled to bring forward as rapidly as possible the whole of the forces under my command. I cannot say too much in praise of the conduct of the troops. Under the most heavy and galling fire from a well sheltered enemy and without protection themselves they steadily advanced up the precipitous ascent firing and loading with great coolness, until the enemy were forced to retire from their first position, to a second ridge in the rear which however protected them from our fire….

The fighting continued around the crest of the hill at the point until I was informed that the 25th Ohio was out of ammunition and that some of my own regiment the 75th Ohio were in the same condition, although

every man of my own regiment started in the action with sixty rounds.

The evening also was well advanced so that our men could only see the enemy by the flashes of their guns. The moon was shining, but did not give sufficient light to enable the men to shoot with accuracy. Under these circumstances I determined to withdraw in line of battle under the crest of the hill sufficiently low down to be out of the most of the fire, and marched them down the mountain in this order as well as the nature of the ground would permit, so as at any time to be able to face to the rear and fire upon the enemy in case they should attempt to follow us….

I had but one officer wounded, and of them all so far as they came under my observation I can speak in the warmest terms as regards their gallant conduct during the action.

I have the honor to be very respectfully your Obt. Servt., N.C. McLean, Col. 75th Regt O.V.I. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union 66 Union General Nathaniel McLean, Manuscript Report for the Battle of Second Bull Run, 1862 Five-page manuscript report in McLean’s hand to Brig. General Julius Stahel, his immediate commander. Prepared at Head Quarters, 2nd Brig. 1st Div., Camp at Centerville, Sept 1st 1862. The report reads in part: General, I have the honor to report so far as concerns the active participation of the 2nd Brigade in the battle of August 30th as follows….

Soon after I had taken this position, much to my surprise Genl. Reynolds put his troops in motion, and marched entirely past and across my front to the right to what point I am not informed. Finding that this movement had entirely exposed my left flank, I immediately changed the position of my troops, and deployed in line of battle the 73rd & 25th Ohio regiments fronting the west and to the left of the battery, and the 75th and 55th Ohio then returned from its former position on the right of the battery, then making my line of battle fronting the west with the battery in the center and two regiments on each side. I could by this time see the enemy advancing on my front, and a little to the right driving before them a regiment of Zouaves.

They came on rapidly, when some troops advanced to meet them from behind a hill on my right. These troops were also driven back in confusion, and as soon as they got out of the way, I opened upon the enemy with the four pieces of artillery throwing first shell, and as they approached nearer canister. I also commenced a heavy fire with infantry, and in a short time the enemy retreated in great confusion. During this time my attention had been called to a body of troops advancing towards my position in the rear of my left flank, and supposing them to be enemies I gave the order to turn two pieces of artillery upon them, but countermanded it upon the assurance of someone who professed to know the fact, that they were our own troops and I readily believed this as their clothing was dark, and then rested easy, thinking reinforcements were coming to take position on my

67 N.C. McLean manuscript report of Expedition to Warrenton Junction, VA, 1862 Four-page manuscript report in McLean’s hand to Brig. General Julius Stahel, detailing his brigade’s expedition to Warrenton Junction, VA. Prepared at Head Quarters 2nd Brigade, 1st Div. Camp at Centerville Sept. 29th 1862. The report reads in part: I met with no further interruption until within about two miles and a half of Catlett’s Station, when my advance guard of cavalry came upon a force of the enemy consisting of both cavalry and infantry posted in the woods, from which they fired upon our men, driving them back upon the main body. The cavalry reported a heavy force of infantry, and I immediately ordered two pieces of artillery to the front and shelled the woods three or four times without receiving any reply. I then ceased firing and ordered two companies of the 75th Ohio forward into the woods as skirmishers, supported by the balance of the regiment as a reserve. This force I followed with the 73rd & 55th Ohio in line of battle, leaving the artillery in position supported by the 25th Ohio & the 6th Ohio Cavalry…

My headquarters was at the house of a Dr. Shumate who informed me that he had a large amount of government property in his possession which had been left there by the commander of the 36th Ohio regiment about one month ago, they being unable to transport it on the retreat. I immediately made such arrangements as enabled me to transport the whole of it amounting to six four-horse wagon loads in bulk, and of the estimated value of [left blank.] In obedience to your orders I returned to Bristoe Station with my whole command and encamped there on the morning of the 27th inst. At this point you joined me with 600 cavalry under the command of Lieut. Col. Kautz [2nd O.V.C.] …

At Manassas Station, I left the brigade to march forward on the direct road, whilst I made a detour over the battleground of Bull Run with a

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left and occupy the place vacated by Genl. Reynolds….

During the course of the action Genl. Schenck with several regiments came to my aid, but not until I had changed front. He greatly aided me by his gallant conduct in rallying, and cheering on the men, until he received the wound which drove him from the field. The loss is smaller than I supposed, under the circumstances it could possibly be…. Both officers and men with few exceptions behaved with great gallantry, and had such support been given to me, as to protect my rear from the terrible attack made upon me from that quarter, I could have continued to drive the enemy, and successfully resisted his attack.

My own horse was killed under me during the hottest of the fire.

N.C. McLean, Col. Comd 2nd Brig 1st Div 1st Army Corps, Army of Va. $1,000 - $1,500

portion of the cavalry. I went over the whole field, but met with no enemy the whole day. The property recovered has been a portion of it turned over to my brigade quartermaster for which I have his proper receipts which will be forwarded to the department, and the balance has been sent to Genl. Sigel’s headquarters and will be there received by the government officers.

I have the honor to be General, Your most Obt. Sevt, N.C. McLean, Col. Comdg, 2nd Brig 1st Div. $500 - $700

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union

68 Civil War Cash Ledger & Two Record Journals of Henry Clay Symonds, Chief of Union Army’s Commissary of Subsistence, Louisville, KY, 1861-1865 Large ledger: Approx. 11.25 x 16.25 in. suede and leather with gilt highlights, four spine bands with Capt. H. C. Symonds in gilt on spine.

124 double pages filled out. Pages are preprinted with Cash Account of Capt. H. C. Symonds, C.S., U.S. Army, and columns continue across both facing pages. The ledger was Made by Jno. P. Morton & Co. Louisville Ky. The ledger if filled with meticulous entries pertaining to orders of rations for troops stationed in Kentucky, the establishment of new depots in Kentucky, regimental movements in Kentucky as well as personnel assignments. Symonds was responsible for millions of dollars of supplies for the Department of the Cumberland, the Department of the Ohio and the Army of the Kentucky. One can follow the “action” in the patterns of these accounts. The first entry is June 3, 1861, and through June, July and August, only one “page” is taken up. September 1861 has eight lines, then October takes one and a half pages; November, two pages; then, beginning with December, all months until the end of the war typically have three to four pages each. There are gaps at the end with only October 1 – 12, 1865 recorded (on about 2/3 of a page) and only one entry for Nov. 1865 on the 27th.

Plus two 8 x 10.5 in. account books, both originally three-quarters leather over marbled paper boards. One with label on front with manuscriptTelegrams. The other with label reading Endorsements on Letters.

The first has stamped page numbers and very faint blue lines on sheets. Each telegram also indicates the charge. Begins Jan 12th 1864 through August 30, 1865 (52pp). Most are of the following nature: (July 18, 1864) to Brig. Gen. Ewing: I have a herd of cattle ready to start for Nashville and cannot get an escort will you please give the necessary orders. (80 cents) And (Jany. 13, 1865, to Capt. F.N. Ehrman, C.S.) What can you buy one thousand bales of hay for and how soon? ($1.05) Followed by Buy the thousand bales and ship at once to Capt.

S.D. Henderson at Nashville. ($1.15) Or (Jany. 26th 1865, to Col. F.J. Haines C.S.) We are ice bound. Can you send immediately from Cairo two hundred thousand (200,000) rations to Capt. J. McDonald, C.S.V. at Eastport. ($1.80) There is a longer telegram to Maj. Genl. W.T. Sherman, July 17, 1864.

Col. Haines and myself sent to Nashville during June, over eight million rations of salt meats. We are still sending. They are very high, and it would be most advantageous to issue Fresh Beef largely. There seems to be no want of effort in the Quartermasters, but I do not think there are cars

to transport the supplies needed by your army – I do not think they can transport the Subsistence except at the expense of other Departments.

The ration is not the same as before the war which will make an essential difference in the bulk to be supplied. I will urge forward as much as possible. This one cost a whopping $5.75!

The Endorsements on Letters notebook begins Dec. 9, 1864. Symonds provides a summary of the letter received and to whom it was forwarded. Sometimes he includes his recommendations. These are numbered 1 through 201 (last date Nov. 25, 1865), 69 pages. These contain more information than the telegrams, since cost was not an issue. These cover a wide range of topics. For example: No. 10. Capt S. T. Cushing forwards through me a letter to Col. R.K. Sawyer, AAG, relative to guard for Warehouses in Jeffersonville. Endorsed. Louisville, Ky. Dec. 31st, 1864. Resp’y. forwarded to Col. A.H. Sawyer AAG Hd Qrs Mil’y Div. Miss. It gives me a feeling of insecurity to have guards so often changed and apparently these changes are made merely for a notional cause. The Depot contains from ten to thirty million rations of different supplies and is of too much importance to be left at loose ends in reference to Guards. I would respectfully request, if not inconsistent with the public interest, that a Comp’y. of Inf’y. be detailed for guard to this depot and be not subject to removal except from orders from Division Hd. Qrs. The next entry, No. 11, Letter from Major W.P. Chambliss requesting that information be given Lt. Jas. Roberts, as to how he is to obtain payment for tobacco taken at Atlanta by order of Gen. W.T. Sherman, a certificate for which was made by Capt. Blair. “Capt. Blair was in my office a few days ago and spoke to me about this subject. If tobacco was an article of issue it could easily be adjusted. Capt. Blair did it by order of Genl. Sherman. I think steps will have to be taken as if it was a claim for property taken for public

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union use, but does not come under the act of Congress approved July 4th 1864.

I know of no precedents applicable to this. It looks as if it was a case to plead for an act of grace.”

No. 55. Letter No. 329 Book “A.” 1865. Capt. W.A. Elderkin refers letter of Lieut. Jas. B. Shane Comdg. Female Military Prison stating that all issues made on order of Dr. Mary J. Walker are not appropriated properly. End. Resp’y. referred to the Maj. Genl. Comd’g. Dept. of Ky. We suspect this is Dr. Mary Edwards Walker and the middle initial was either a misreading of a clerk’s handwriting somewhere along the line, or Dr. Walker trying to “disguise” her identity using a slightly different name (but we suspect the former; Dr. Walker didn’t hide from much).

Mary Edwards Walker was born in 1832 in Oswego, NY, the youngest of seven children. Working on the family farm as a child, she found “girl clothes” too restricting, and her mother insisted corsets and tight lacings were “unhealthy.” She attended local schools, becoming a teacher there to earn enough to go to Geneva Medical College. She graduated as a medical doctor in 1855, the only female in her class.

Although she married a fellow medical student, Albert Miller, the marriage, and their joint medical practice, failed, partly because of public mistrust of female physicians.

When the Civil War began, Dr. Walker tried to secure a civilian contract, but initially could only practice as a nurse. She even volunteered as a spy, but was turned down for that, also. She finally secured a civilian contract with the 52nd Ohio Vols., who were desperate for a surgeon.

Since part of her duties entailed care of the surrounding civilian population, she often walked about the countryside. On April 10, 1864, she encountered a Confederate patrol. She surrendered and was sent to Castle Thunder military prison in Richmond, VA. Here, also, the authorities turned down her offers to help the sick prisoners. She was paroled in an exchange on August 12, and accepted another position as Acting Assistant Surgeon. She was assigned to the Louisville Female Prison, reflected in Capt. Symonds’ letter. Even there she found little acceptance, even female prisoners of war finding her “an anomalous creature.” Like her dress in her early days on the farm, throughout the war, Dr. Walker insisted on wearing men’s pants with a knee-length jacket, a reflection of the “Bloomer” style of the women’s suffrage movement.

Although a supporter of the Union, when it came to people in need, Dr. Walker made no distinctions. She was captured after helping a Confederate surgeon with an amputation. She also showed no fear going to the front lines to help wounded men. After the war she was recommended for a Medal of Honor by William Tecumseh Sherman and George Henry Thomas. President Andrew Jackson signed the bill to present her with the medal on Nov. 11, 1865, the only woman still to hold such an honor. When the Army and Navy CMOH rolls were split in 1917, the Army reviewed their rolls, while the Navy did not. The Army revoked 911 medals, including those of Dr. May Walker (citing that she never served in combat) and William F. Cody (“Buffalo Bill”).

Both of these medals, along with four others, were restored by Jimmy Carter in 1977. The Army Board stated that her acts of “distinguished gallantry, self-sacrifice, patriotism, dedication and unflinching loyalty to her country despite the apparent discrimination because of her sex” made the award appropriate.

After the war, her health, especially her vision, having been damaged in Castle Thunder, she had to give up her practice of medicine. She made her living as a social activist, lecturing and supporting issues such as health care, women’s rights (including the right to vote), dress reform for women, etc.

Nearing the end of the war, Symonds’ entry No. 87 brings up another issue – What about the millions of recently freed slaves? Maj. Genl.

Palmer as per letter of Capt. Ransom relative to (?) Soldiers wives and families. End. Louisville, May 4, 1865. Wives & Children of white soldiers are not gathered into Camps. As I understand the matter, Black people quartered into camps are regarded as “contrabands” and issues should be made accordingly. If not quartered into Camps under the Special Charity of the Government, but remains at their place of abode, and are left to earn a partial support, then Circular No. 1 governs the issue.

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No. 147 is one of many “downsizing” the Army: Comm.

Genl. Subs. Directs Capt. A. J. Hopkins, CSV at Jeffersonville to transfer credit of Garland Hospital No. 16 Jeffersonville Ind. to the credit of Lincoln General Hospital Washington D.C. Likewise the General Hospital at New Albany, Ind. And the “Corps D’Afrique” General Hospital, also at New Albany.

Then came the question of what to do with all of the supplies, both perishable and preserved. In his note numbered 154, per the Inventory and Inspection Report of Stores (July 12, 1865), Capt.

Symonds Resp’y. forwarded to Capt. E.B. Harlem, A.A.Genl. with the request that the Maj. Genl. Comdg. will order that the pickles and kraut be thrown away and that the Tongues, Hams and Salt Beef be sold at public auction.

Not surprisingly, there are many more suggestions of what to do with the extra supplies. Certainly there are more interesting “tidbits” among the routine communications in this ledger.

Henry Clay Symonds was born February 10, 1832 in Salem, MA, the state from which he was accepted to USMA, which he attended from 1 Sept. 1849 to graduation 1 July 1853 (Cullum #1590), 12th in his class. He was assigned to Artillery and served the garrison at Fort Columbus, NY (1853-1854), then frontier service at Ft. Defiance, NM (1854-1856) followed by service at Ft. Independence and Ft. Snelling, before returning to USMA to serve as Assistant Professor of Geography, History, and Ethics until Jan. 1861. When war broke out, he moved to the Commissary Department (16 May 1861) stationed at the Defenses of Washington until September when he was transferred to Louisville, KY to manage the Western supply routes. It was an advantageous position, with meat packing and milling companies along both shores of the Ohio River, and access to the Mississippi, which was critical when the Ohio River froze (see his telegrams of Jan. 1865). Symonds resigned his commission in November 1865, having achieved the rank of captain, with Brevets of lt. colonel and colonel, in the omnibus awards of March 1865.

He became a merchant in New Orleans for a bit before entering the field of education. He was Principal of Vireun School at Sing Sing, NY. He also authored several books, including his Report of a Commissary of subsistence, 1861-1865 (New York: Publ. by author, printed by J.J. Little & Co., 1888). He also authored books on arithmetic, English grammar, US history and geography for the use of schools. He died in Los Gatos, CA in 1900.

The lot also includes a notebook with Symonds’ service information, a few sections of his book, and a number of pages from the ORs with items by or about Capt. Symonds. At one point there appears to have been a complaint about Symonds not providing rations to the troops.

In the pages included here, he makes the case that transport was the issue, since the rebels cut the rail line between Bowling Green and Nashville. Symonds was questioned about sending supplies by river, to which he indicated that the rivers in question, especially the Cumberland and Green Rivers, were only navigable for a short time each year when the water was high enough for larger packets to navigate them. A major issue in the few chapters of Symonds’ book reproduced here had to do with the Army doing their own pork packing, rather than contracting it to local meat packers. $5,000 - $7,000 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union

69 William Wrenshall Smith, Civil War Diary Pertaining to his Service with U.S. Grant as Aide-de-Camp at Chattanooga Lot featuring 43pp handwritten report of W. W. Smith’s journey to the Chattanooga battle, plus what appears to be a later rewrite of the first 8pp of the handwritten report; 11 x 17 in. black traveling secretary used by W. W. Smith as he visited Grant in 1863; two 8.5 x 14 in. printed letters from Union veteran Alfred King promoting the naming of one public school building in each town for Abraham Lincoln, Feb. 12, 1926; two 8.5 x 14 in. sheets entitled “ The Secret Of Lincoln’s Greatness,” Feb. 12, 1926; 8.5 x 11 in. print of Smith.

The highlight of the lot is the manuscript, first-hand account of the Battle Of Chattanooga as W. W. Smith accompanied Ulysses S. Grant, his good friend and cousin by marriage, before, during, and after this crucial Union victory. The report covers November 3, 1863 through December 2, 1863, and includes Smith’s interaction with Generals Grant, Sherman, Thomas, Hunter, Baird, Hooker, Stanley, and six other generals. He also met the prisoner son of John C. Breckenridge, Confederate General and former Vice President of the United States as well as correspondents Sylvanus Cadwallader of the Chicago Times and Charles Dana of the New York Tribune.

Baggage packed and General Grant’s pass in my pocket, I start on Tuesday morning November 3 for Chattanooga to see a battle, writes an excited William Wrenshall Smith on November 3, 1863. I ship by express quite a large box containing 10 gal. of fine whiskey, catsup, pickles and segars . . . supposing it will not go through safely if directed to myself - I directed it to General Grant.

Smith’s anticipation of significant combat was visionary as he not only watched one of the great military deceptions in the Civil War but also viewed at close quarters the brutally historic conflicts on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain.

After a long train ride, Smith arrived in Cincinnati. He visited Covington, KY in hopes of seeing his cousin, Mrs. Julia Grant, but the General’s mother told him she had gone to Louisville and gave him a bottle of wine for General Grant. At Louisville Smith found that Mrs. Grant had already returned to Ohio. On November 9 he left Louisville for Nashville, TN. On approach to Nashville he noticed elegant mansions were more numerous and opulent. We occasionally see the sad havoc of war in the ruins of factories and bridges. Smith’s attempt to travel south was at first rejected but when Major Rawlins saw the pass from General Grant he said, Oh this is good. He immediately ordered a transportation force to Chattanooga. Smith writes, There is nothing like having the right kind of documents.

A tour of Nashville and the Capitol Building greatly impressed Smith.

He states, It is decidedly after the Capitol at Washington – the finest building on the continent.

On November 11, 1863, Smith noted that only officers are permitted to go to the “front”. An inspector requested that he open his baggage but when shown Grant’s pass the inspector bowed and walked on.

As the train went farther south all railroad bridges were guarded. A captain on General Starkweather’s staff was a pleasant companion on the train. The train stopped at Stevenson, AL. The train to Bridgeport never arrived and along with his officer friends, Smith stayed that night at the Alabama House . . . the most miserable tavern I ever saw. All got into one room – some in the beds and the balance on the floor.

A rickety ship was loaded and it carried Smith to Kelley’s Ferry as the enemy had possession of the river above. The planned on horses did not arrive and all started on foot for Chattanooga. Camps became plentiful. Most were General Hooker’s troops. Now under the famous Lookout Mountain and within range of the cannon and every moment expected a shot from the enemy but passed clear to Chattanooga and over two pontoon bridges without any interruption. Received directions which led to General Grant’s headquarters…a neat little white frame house overlooking the river. After a hearty greeting by General Rawlins, Colonel Lagow dismounted and insisted on Smith taking quarter in his room which was opposite to General Grant’s. In a short time the General arrived, greeted Smith cordially, and took him into his room.

He put his quarters and his horses at his disposal.

On Nov. 16, 1863, many general officers met at headquarters.

They included Grant, Sherman, Thomas, Smith, Hunter, Reynolds, Brannen, and Rawlins. W. W. Smith rode with General Grant to inspect fortifications. While there under Lookout Mountain, a shell burst in the air midway between Lookout and Grant’s position.

On Friday, November 20, 1863, Smith writes that Business is lively about headquarters. The steamer “Dunbar” being fast completed just under the bank. Numbers of pontoon boats are being made every day under cover of the bank and disappear during the night.

On Saturday Smith rode with General Hunter to visit General Absalom Baird’s headquarters. General Baird recognized Smith and asked about their families and acquaintances in Little Washington [ PA ].

Smith writes on Nov. 23, 1863 – Riding with General Grant . . . We go in company with General Hunter and others to Fort Wood. General Thomas, other generals and staff officers are there . . . . and it looks very much like business. About half past two General Thomas’ troops move out in front of us as if on review. By heaven tis a splendid sight to see for one who has no friend, no brother there. From Missionary Ridge and the near rifle pits the enemy watches the show supposing no doubt it is a review. The skirmishers move forward and then the whole line advances. The Union forces charged the Confederate lines, overwhelmed their riflemen and continued up Lookout Mountain. General Grant was well pleased with what was accomplished.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | The Union Smith writes of Grant . . . He seems perfectly cool. One could be with him for hours and not know that any great movements were going on. It’s a matter of business with him.

On Nov. 24, 1863, Smith relates that Sherman had crossed the river with over two thousand troops on pontoon bridges made during the night. At night we see a beautiful view of Lookout. Our campfires skirt the mountain two thirds of the way up. General Hunter remarked that if Fremont had had charge of the war the rebellion would have been a success in 6 months after it started. To which Grant agreed.

Smith writes on Nov. 25 that The General tells us he this morning got a dispatch from the President thanking him for what has been done the two previous days. We get to the top of the ridge on a rough road only suitable for horses or men. We pass many dead and wounded men . . . it was a horrible sight but I expected it.

On November 26, 1863, Smith’s report continues . . . Riding over the valley we pass many a poor fellow stretched out cold and dead. Our dead on top of the ridge were much more numerous than the Confederates.

They had all the advantage of position.

Also on Nov. 26 . . . The immense Union Army is moving and the spoils of war are being acquired. The lady owner of a fine brick plantation house is doing her best to protect her pigs from hungry soldiers who have existed on hardtack. We stopped to view the ruins of Chicamauga Station. It is with a sad heart that I looked upon the scenes of desolation. The whole country for miles around is illuminated by bright columns of fire from burning buildings and piles of burning corn.

In Chattanooga on November 28, 1853 – Smith notes…At dinner General Grant says if I had ammunition and horses I could now march to Mobile, Charleston and Richmond.

Although circumstances had forced Grant to move his army through enemy territory he still showed respect for the people of the south.

When Grant’s staff located overnight accommodations, a family of six allotted three rooms to the party of fifteen, including W. W. Smith. He writes The General is the first of our party to come to our new quarters.

The lady of the house meets him in the hall and looking at him as an intruder tells him she is preparing for General Grant. When the General replies “That’s my name” she looks astonished and instantly became more gracious but you could see still a suppressed dislike. The General noticed and petted the children which made the mother look at him as not such a bad man after all. As we are leaving the old gentleman [possibly the grandfather] tells the General if he ever comes this way again to make his house his headquarters. The General and his staff had earned the respect of the inconvenienced family. His property was protected while the General was there. The old gentleman was given $50 for room and board.

Ulysses S. Grant respected his friendship with William Wrenshall Smith who wrote, He told me to come again when I saw the approach of an interesting campaign . . . He gave me his photograph with an autograph which I had asked for. I thanked him for his kindness. Smith left for home that evening [November 30, 1863].

Similar to George Washington before him and Dwight Eisenhower after him, Ulysses S. Grant was the right man at the right time for the Union.

Descended Directly in the Family of William Wrenshall Smith, Friend & First Cousin by Marriage to U.S. Grant $3,000 - $5,000

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70 Union General George H. Thomas ALS, November 1868 Thomas, George H. (1816-1870). Union general who was one of the principal commanders in the Western Theater. ALS, 3pp, 5 x 8 in., “Washington, D.C.” Nov. 15, 1868. Addressed to Col. R.H. Ramsey of Pottsville, PA, the letter references a possible meeting in Philadelphia and property. Accompanied by an engraving of Gen. Thomas published by D. Appleton & Co., 4.5 x 8.75 in. $500 - $700

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71 William Tecumseh Sherman, Two ALsS, 1867 and 1869 Sherman, William T. (1820-1891). Major General of the United States Army. Lot of 2 ALsS. Each addressed to S.S.L. Hammerdin, the first, 1p, 7.75 x 9.75 in., “Headquarters Military Division of the Missouri”, St. Louis. May 24, 1867. Sherman inquires about a possible meeting time and place.

Second ALS, 2pp (visible), 9.75 x 7.75 in., “Headquarters Army of the United States,” Washington, D.C. April 3, 1869. Sherman discusses business and family matters.

Each letter framed for display, 12.25 x 15 in. $500 - $800 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Maine

72 Civil War Diaries of William Tufts, 4th Maine Infantry & Union Army Balloon Corps Lot includes 3 pocket diaries, for the years 1862, 1863, and 1864, all inscribed inside the front cover by William Tufts of Belfast, Maine, with a few lines to a full page of penciled text for each day.

William Tufts II was a 29-year-old farmer living in Belfast when he enlisted in the 4th Maine Infantry on June 15, 1861. The Tufts family had been in Belfast since the colonial era and William’s volunteering for patriotic service was to be expected, as he was the namesake of his grandfather and an uncle who had died while fighting in the Revolution and War of 1812 respectively. Upon mustering in as a private in Co. K, he was sent to Washington for training and spent the next several months in defense of the capital.

Tuft’s diary entries for the first few months of 1862 are rather pedestrian, with comments primarily regarding the weather and his guard duty schedule. In mid-March he finally left Washington and marched to Alexandria to board a steamer headed to Fortress Monroe

as part of a flotilla of 16-18 vessels. When he arrived on March 18 he laid eyes on the recently-commissioned USS Monitor, which he described as “a funny looking craft.” He spent the next few weeks among what he estimated to be upwards of 20,000 army volunteers and sailors until being detailed to the “Balloon Regiment” on April 6, though he gives no reason for his selection.

Pvt. Tuft’s new assignment allowed him to witness and contribute to the development of the groundbreaking Union Army Balloon Corps, as well as access to several notable personalities. The previous year, President Lincoln and members of his cabinet had hand-picked Professor Thaddeus S.C. Lowe to be their “Chief Aeronaut” and command a corps responsible for providing airborne reconnaissance to generals in the field. Prof. Lowe had achieved some success with his early designs but a few embarrassing failures and the overall unreliability of the program forced Lowe to undergo further trials in the spring of 1862. Things were still going rough when Tufts arrived at the trail site along the York River in Virginia, as his entry for April 11 states that Gen. Porter went up in a balloon but the rope broke and he

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Maine ended up crashing down two miles away. Nonetheless, the general recognized the potential of the program and went up again three days later with the Rebel lines just 1.5 miles away. Tufts himself got to take his first excursion on April 16 when he accompanied Gen. Barnard on a trial. On the 28th, Prof. Lowe arrived with his newest balloon, the Intrepid, which had been designed to reach higher elevations and to be able to support a load including a telegraph and operator.

Gen. Heintzelman would later credit Intrepid’s support with saving the Union forces from certain defeat at the Battle of Fair Oaks just one month later.

Diary entries for the month of May note a visit by Gen. McClellan on May 2, being able to hear artillery fire the following day, and dining on “secesh pork” and sleeping in “secesh tents” after repulsing the enemy.

Tufts met with a “Prof. Munsey” on the 9th, and on the 14th assisted Prof. Lowe in transporting a balloon to near Richmond via steamer. On June 1st Tuft reports on a successful telegraph transmission between an airborne balloon and Washington, DC, and notes on June 14th that the balloon was photographed. July’s entries include almostdaily balloon flights, including a successful flight in the presence of President Lincoln on July 8: “…sent balloon up once….all day president & Gen. Scott was heer to see the troops.” The following week saw more success, with Tufts assisting in inflating a balloon on board a boat, but he spent the last two weeks of the month in the regimental hospital sick with dysentery. He returned to duty on August 2 but it would be his last month in the Balloon Corps, as on Sept. 1 he got lost in the woods between Centerville and Fairfax and was taken prisoner.

Pvt. Tufts was taken to Annapolis where he describes poor conditions, though he and a group of six to eight prisoners were able to improve their lot substantially by building a crude shack and procuring a stove in November. He was paroled in December but unable to find his regiment and writes of hearing rumors that many of them were killed, and when he finally joined up with his original regiment nearly two months later he became ill. Tufts spent the majority of 1863 in and out of various convalescent camps including the Lincoln Hospital in Washington, and was transferred into the Veteran Reserve Corps in September on account of his health. His entry for Nov. 26 mentions celebrating Thanksgiving, as proclaimed by Lincoln, with a feast of turkey, roast beef, potatoes, and two types of pie, but not partaking in the drinking, dancing, and gambling of some of his buddies as he could only thing about being able to go home to Maine go to church. Tufts remained in Washington for the next several months.

He decorated the hospital with evergreens for Christmas and obtained

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passes to the Smithsonian Institution, Patent Office, Capitol Building, and other attractions. When he visited the White House on February 20, 1864, he got to see a performance of the National Band and was introduced to the President and First Lady; the entry for that day includes the line “shook hands with Old Abe.” Meeting Lincoln was Tuft’s last experience of note. He remained at the hospital and did things such as make gruel and tend to other patients when well enough. He mustered out on June 15, 1864, fulfilling his three-years enlistment to the day, said goodbye to his friends at Lincoln Hospital, and boarded the train to Boston, were he treated himself to new clothes and a fancy dinner on Boston Common. Tufts reports his health returned nearly as soon as he reached Belfast and began working on the farm, and on August 29 he and his father purchased a new one. $8,000 - $10,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts

73 Civil War Correspondence of William Harvey, 1st Mass. Heavy Artillery, WIA, & Brother Ira Harvey, 1st DC Cavalry 82 letters, ca 1856-1865.

Men clamored to enlist at the onset of the Civil War leaving the old, unable, or afraid behind. Brothers William and Ira Harvey enlisted just five months between each other in June and December 1863. Few of the 82 letters in this collection are between the two, but many reveal the diversity of the war experience and that for some, military life provided an escape from poverty.

William W. Harvey struggled to make a living as a painter. He enlisted when he was barely 20 on November 2, 1863 in Northampton, Massachusetts. I sopos you feal very bad to hear that I enlisted but it is the best thing that I can do, wrote William. He mustered into the 1st MA Heavy Artillery as a private. Army life was an improvement to his past circumstances, he became as fat as a hog and waid 150 lbs as a soldier. He frequently wrote to his parents telling them to use the money he sent to settle his debts, pay their bills, and purchase their house. My bounty is home, he told them. William tried to portray himself as a refined and educated. Through a litany of misspellings, he always began his letters in the tone of a gentleman and practiced his flourishes in the empty spaces.

Not all men were as willing to enlist as William. Some wealthy families hired other men to replace their family members on the front. William had conflicted feelings about “draft dodgers.” Do any of the boys listing up there now if was at homb and had ther use of both hands I would comb for a year for a bout 2 thousand for some of them rich bugs that are afraid of a draft and what do you think a bout that would they pay me purtty well... Why dont the boys list for ther contray and save the union... if they all would do as well as I have don they will put down the rebellion I am going to list a lot of them when i gitt homb....

Like many young men, William joined the military hoping to see the world and for a little adventure. Before he departed from Boston he wrote about the suffering he witnessed, there was a lot of new rebels caim hear and to of them froz to death they had nothing to lay on but blanket... It was a brief introduction to the brutality of the battlefield.

On December 26, 1863, William wrote with the wide-eyed excitement of an unseasoned soldier, I am suitting up for the artillery ar agoing to

start for washington at one a clock at night...my knapsack is awl packed redy to start at any minates warning.

He carried his knapsack to Washington and to Chester Hospital in Pennsylvania. On a chilly January ground, he experienced combat, which turned his innocent enthusiasm to fear. I can’t wright so much now, explains William, it was a hard fight with us but thank god that I did not git killed, the bullets flew thick and fast but we had to stan ther at any rate our right got cut at very hard in the fight...William managed to evade death and injury in Pennslyvania, at Fort Cass, and in several more engagements.

Military life varied between regiments and fronts. For William’s regiment music was an important diversion, there is as much music hear in our company as you can shake a stick at, said William, there is 2 fidls hear and one guth and one banjo and ther four tamboran and triangle cordan and we hav a darn good timb out hear. He pleaded to his parents to send his banjo so he could join.

His regiment leaders were staunchly conservative and punished foul mouthed soldiers while other regiments excused cursing. He wrote to his mother, you said that Grag Cason was to homb you said that he swore every word that he spoke but if he was in this regiment he would not for they would cort mashell him they hav got a boy in gard house for saying god dam it and he has bin there 4 weeks and he has bin cort marseled and they ar going to take two months pay from him so you see that it is of no benefit to swear...

William communicated with his brother, Ira. Even though there are no letters between them in this lot, he did write to his parents about their vastly different experiences, Ira was prutty lucky when he was exempt I think that the war is about over for ther Johnnies [as in Johnny Rebs] ar about plaid, they ar deserting very fast an over ___ into our army you can see the rebs from our camp purtty plain...

William was injured May 19, 1864 at Spotslyvania Court House, Virginia.

Our regiment started for the front a week a go last Sunday and when we had ben gon 3 days we had a very hard fight and we lost 60 in our regt and I got off with a slight wound in my left hand I don’t no how long I shall stop hear [at Mount Pleasant Hospital] I may go to Baltimore and I may go to Boston Cant tell my hand pains me pretty badd…

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts

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William was hospitalized for almost a year in several hospitals in New York, D.C., and Virginia. His injury inhibited the use of his fingers. He wrote to his sister August 8, 1864 the surgeon says that I never can do any duty in the regamint again. In another letter he wrote to his parents, I am going to apply for my discharge when I git to my regamint I will wright and lett you no how lucky I am I maybe very lucky and get my discharg soon... A wounded member of his regiment was sent to the same hospital as William he informed him that all but 10 men were captured and imprisoned by the enemy at Petersburgh. He said that they had a fight there and that I was lucky to not be there, wrote William.

Frustrated by the repeated delay of his discharge, he languished in his hospital bed and continually wrote that he was no use to his regiment.

While he was in Washington, he briefly mentions Lincoln’s death and his funeral, but quickly returned to his discharge and lonesomeness.

William was never discharged. He transferred into the 2nd Battn. of the Veteran Reserve Corps in Co. 14 on February 18, 1865. He mustered out on September 1, 1865. After the war, he worked in the Watershops department of the armory at Smith & Wesson. When reflecting on his time at war he wrote to his mother, I hav not bin over the world much yet but I no that if I never git homb that I shall no more than I did when I left but I aint sory that I enlisted...

Less is known about William’s brother, Ira. Ira enlisted in Washington D.C. as a private in the DC 1st Calvary Co. D on June 1, 1863.

Commanded by Col. L.C. Baker, the eight companies of the 1st Calvary were originally designed for specialized services. They were subject only to the orders of the War Department. Ira wrote most of his 9 letters while stationed in Washington around Fairfax. We doe not have any thing to doe but shoote at a target every day 5 or 6 shots a day, writes Ira. His regiment experienced little action on his front. He was more reserved with his letters and barely spoke about his regiment. His soldier’s record is also in the archive. All of the questions remain blank except for his name, which he signed in his own hand. On the verso of the questionnaire is a message to his brother Ben, Sleepe in the bedroom with father.

The second part of the collection, comprised of 24 letters, come from many other family members related to the brothers dated before and after the Civil War. It gives a rare glimpse into the personal lives and the family dynamics of the soldiers before and after the war. There is one letter in response to one of William’s letters. Several family members scrawl on the page informing him of their lives and their thankfulness that he received his banjo.

Orange Harvey, the patriarch of the family, had a wandering spirit. In a span of thirty years the family moved to three different cities in the Vermont area. Orange was a laborer and often traveled to find work with his older boys William and Ira. He left his wife, Martha, behind to care for their other children Mary, Martha H, and Benjamin. The children left at home (Mary, Martha, and Ben) were able to receive more of an education than Ira and William. Hundreds of miles from home, Orange penned to his wife, I will answer you I am not homesick what is the use of a diseas that a man has not got in this world...

No job or town held Orange’s interest for long, he wrote from Layport May 8, 1856, I quit work laste tusday nite William is not in company with him as yeat one...I borded their as long as I wish to I think likely that I mite get work hear if I should try but I do not like well anough to start or try.

Orange caught western fever and tried to homestead in Indiana, but it did not suit him. He moved on to Jericho. He writes to Martha, I like it better hear than I did in Indiana but I cannot say that it is near heaven...I presume if I had a good farm hear or in god busines that would pay well and my famaly hear I should be contented but the western fever is more excitement than reality if you should see as many that wishes themselves back as you do that wish themselves west.

A very interesting letter in the family collection does not come from Orange but his daughter, Mary. Mary writes very eloquently to her father in May 1856, We got the letter that you sent with your picture about one week ago and the miniature last night and your last letter the daguerreotype was advertised you did not put Oranges name on it and you know they are very fond of getting the copper so they laid it one side I have just been down to Mr. Ladds & Carrs and carried the picture we think it looks very natural but some what cross but I suppose you felt sober as you had to sit eight times Ben has got it now and says it looks just like pa...Will said it looks just like him...Ira has not seen the miniature yet... Martha continued school and became a servant in 1860. The next year she married Prescott Buckminster, a wealthy physician who was 28 years her senior. She had two children with him, Lillian and Ira Clyde. Prescott died in 1877, and she married James C. Hanno in 1880.

Hanno was a Canadian-born farmer (and later comb maker) who was 10 years her junior. They adopted one child, Sadie B. Martha, who died in 1926 at the age of 86. $2,000 - $3,000

74 Civil War Letter Archive of Brothers William H. and Charles E. Winslow, 8th Massachusetts Infantry Lot of 52 letters, three on patriotic stationary, and three envelopes, written by William Henry and Charles E. Winslow to their family, ca 1861-1862.

Very few brothers were fortunate enough to fight alongside each other or be in the same company like the Winslow brothers. William Henry and Charles E. Winslow hailed from Marblehead, MA. They had the good fortune to not only be in the same regiment but also to serve in the same naval ship with several other men from their hometown. Hailing from the East coast, salt water pulsed through their veins and urged them into the Navy. William Henry and Charles enlisted on April 15, 1861. They mustered into the 8th MA Inf. Co. C. Both boys mustered out of Boston on August 1, 1861, but William continued his military career after Charles with the 4th MA Heavy Art. and 23rd MA Inf. The 8th MA Vols., also referred to as “Minute Men,” were called to Boston. The regiment had only eight companies, one company was added from the 7th Regt. and a zouve unit from Salem. Charles was particularly enamored with the zouves and mentioned them often. He writes, The Salem Zouves are teaching [our regiment the harctie drill] it is a fine drill. The Salem Zouves can load and fire (there is 100 of them) 1000

shots in a minute they load very fast (May 10, 1861). He encountered a second group of zouves from New York while he was in Washington.

They look lik a hard set of men, writes Charles, they look as they would fight like tigers (May 29, 1861).

The boys saw little action during their first three months of service.

They guarded the frigate Constitution in Annapolis until she was safely removed from the harbor to New York. One night, however, the boys’ regiment experienced some excitement when they mistook a passenger train for a CSA train. They saw a train of cars coming a long (they had orders to stop all trains) and they waved a lantern three times and the engenerr would not stop and about twelve or fourteen fired into the train, writes Charles. After they had stopped they went into the cars to serch and se if they was anything for them…the boys said when they went into the cars that the women were on there nease praying and taking in as if there hart would break, the men were scared almost to death they said they were for the union, and pled hard to let them go, they said that they thought they were seccionist troops…one of the shots graised by the engeneers chin and I gues that is what brought him to.

That same night another company detached under uncertain orders.

Charles explains: Our Capt and Capt Devouir of the Salem Zouves took half of our company and half of the Salem company, and some of the others companys to go

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts

out on a scouting party there was in all about 90 all together they went about 25 miles…They arrived back about 11 o’clock yesterday morning, after they had arrived back our Capt and Capt. Deverix was put under arrest by Col Jones of the 6 Regiment and was made to give up their swords! after that our company and the salem company marched up to the colonels quarters there arms reverse and give up there muskets they put them all in a heap in front of his tent…(May 31, 1861).

It remains a mystery as to why the company split and under what orders the captains acted. Charles reports that both men returned to their posts and resumed duty a few days later. That same month, the regiment leader, Col. Munroe resigned due to his advanced age and ill health. Col. Edward Hinks succeeded him. According to the Civil War Database, Hicks “was an officer destined to attain high rank before the war was done.” William Henry begged to differ, Hicks is as ugley as ugley can be, he wrote (July 23, 1861). Neither he nor Charles held Hicks in high regard.

Charles mustered out after three months, William resumed his service.

He mustered into the 23rd MA Inf. Co. A. as a sergt. on September 28, 1861. He experienced more action on the front than his brother. We have had orders to sail to night at eight bels that is twelve o’clock to night, and if the lord spares my life I will give you a ful account of the fight, writes William Henry. He proved to be a good marksman on board. It did not go unnoticed by his fellow men or superiors, our secont litenant came to me this morning and had a long talk with me about the coming battol, writes William Henry, we are both together in the rear he told me he puts a grate deal confidence in me, he says captain Martin gives me a good name he sed he would be a good man in the battol because I was so cool...

(February 1, 1862).

William Henry’s cool head earned him a spot as gunner and a leadership role on the Highlander. He writes:

I suppose my duties as a fillclouser will be hard in a fight that is to keep the men from braking and keep them as cool as posibal, we have got a very cool set of men I think rather cooler than the rest of the companies, they all seem so to me wen they have ben fireng. His men’s efforts earned them a “prise,” when they captured a sergeant major, drum major, and five privates. They stole a small skinner about 4 or 5 tuns and they ram into our fleet and was taken cair of, writes William (February 1, 1861).

The rebels almost captured William and his men in the Virginia swamps at Roanoke. We had to swim almost, writes William Henry, we looked like drowned rats wen we came out of the swamp, it puseld thous rebals to think we got through such a place, they were sure no one could get through to flank them…[the rebels] like Indians in woods, sum of them were up in the tops of trees, I made one get down rather quick I hapend to look up…I up rifol and fired he came down head first and hiting the ground like a mad dog…(March 1, 1862).

William Henry was wounded in battle on March 14, 1862 at New Berne, NC. He was discharged for his injury on December 6, 1862. He did not tell his family that he was wounded. Instead he wrote them that he had been sick. All the excitement did not amount to much of a life for either brother, it tis a very pretty thing to be a soldier at home but this making it a bisesness I dont like, wrote William from his hospital bed.

I here that two more companies is recuting at home if so tell Charles not to inlest if he dus I sal think him more of a fool then I was (March 27, 1862).

William Henry was “a fool” and went against his own advice to his brother. He reentered military service in August of 1864 and mustered into the 2nd MA Heavy Art. as a corporal. He served until he mustered out at Washington, D.C., June 17, 1865. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts

75 Colonel Francis Parker and Brigadier General George L. Prescott, 32nd Massachusetts Volunteer, Civil War Archive Lot of 70, ca. 1863-1908.

Commanding officers were essential in creating either solidarity or discord within regiments. Some were hated, but Col. Francis Parker was revered. Parker was a major in the Civil War and helped command the 32nd MA for a short six months. A Boston newspaper clipping offered in this lot announces his resignation. In it his men said: We part with him, who a short time ago was an entire stranger to us, with extreme regret; and while life shall last he will be held in grateful, loving remembrance by every soul in the First Battalion Infantry, Massachusetts Volunteers. In proof of the feelings of others outside his command, the post band, on Wednesday evening, serenaded him their choicest pieces. In closing words of a sentiment offered last night, we say, “God bless him and confound his enemies.”

The archive consists of over 70 pieces Parker received after his resignation from the 32nd MA from 1863 until 1865. Most of the items are letters written to Parker, with 11 that are letters previously removed from Parker’s copy book. The items detail how much the 32nd MA suffered in his absence with his lack of leadership and how the dynamics changed under the poor leadership of other officers.

Several other papers concerning his activity in the GAR until 1908 are also included in the lot.

Parker enlisted as a major on December 2, 1861 but was not commissioned into the 32nd MA Field & Staff until December 9. He served a short time in the regiment and resigned on December 27, 1862. He was promoted to lt. col. on May 25, 1862 and to the rank of col. three months later.

On December 13, 1862, two weeks before his resignation, the regiment participated in an assault on Marye’s Heights at Fredricksburg. It lost 35 officers and men, the enemy killed six of them.

Almost immediately after he left, on February 11th, the regiment failed its report. Humiliated, officer Joseph R. Robinson wrote to Parker on January 6, 1863:

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You no doubt __ this have received communications from several jealous officers in relation to your official report to the Governor.

The object of the present is to inform you that I do not belong to that class and in no way or manner will I help to increase the present ill felling that exists among the officers in the regiment. I will be candid and say this however, that I have never felt so bad concerning anything in my life as I do about the “Roll of Honor,” That I did my duty I am satisfied of, but as you were near me from the time we formed until we marched away from the field, I think that some of my acts were not favorable in your eyes-Do not for one moment include me in the ___ of those who are making troubleShocked by the regiment’s condition, Parker wrote to Col. J B. Sweitzer on February 23, 1863: His Excellency Gov. Andrew has transmitted a copy of the report of Col. Johnson inspecting officers showing a very bad condition of affairs in the 32nd Mass. I receive the act as an intimation that I am responsible for that condition.

I could respectfully request your opinion as to my responsibility for the state of the regiment on reports and also on the condition of its men...

Few thought Parker was responsible for the state of affairs. In a second February letter Parker wrote to the Governor, I confess to a feeling of deep mortification at knowing of such an inspection report but believe that I can in a few days show to his Excellency satisfactory proof that if this be a correct report it is very different from those I had the honor to hold the command.

Morale plummeted and infighting ensued in the regiment. Private Octavius A. Merril wrote to Parker, the majority of officers commissioned in this Company, know as much about military duty as they do about the Hebrew language (July 14, 1863). Parker investigated by asking other officers why the report failed. He defended the regiment and questioned the circumstances surrounding the inspection. He admitted, however, it had some truths. He wrote to Lt. Col. Ritchie on March 7: I believe that the report does the regiment great injustice and I believe that in such respects as it represents unfortunately yet correctly the state of BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts affairs. the fact that the colonel had little or no experience or a field officer before taking the command should have been considered and should not be considered by his commanding officer.

The regiment lost their furlough due to the inspection and many of the officers resigned. Lt. Col. L. Stephenson wrote to Parker on March 8: Capt. Bumpus[?] sent in his resignation today he felt very sore at Edmond’s promotion. Uncle Dudley also resigned on account of a physical disability he should have added mental also. That he may get his discharge is the honest wish of every man in the Regt excluding perhaps “Cashman[?] the lobster dealer” March [?] resigned last week because he is superseded, he went yesterday to see some friend of his who is on Hooker’s staff to get his papers through His friend introduced him to Gen Hooker who was so drunk that he came very near falling on him while he was in conversation with him A strange man to put in command of 100,000 men I think God help those poor soldiers.

Griffen since Jon left has began to show the clover foot and is evidently bent on commanding the 32nd as far as it is in his power, he told me he was going to get the Regt broken up and distributed into other Mass Regs if it was possible. I told him I thought he would be obliged to try some time before he accompanied it. There is a better feeling towards the 32nd in the Brigade and the division than ever before everybody knows that we have been unjustly reported and the impression seems to prevail that it was Griffen’s doings.

Parker’s regiment combined with several others. It fought valiantly at Gettysburg under heavy fire at the Devil’s Den region. Out of the 227 in action, the regiment lost 81, 22 were killed or mortally wounded. One of the wounded men was Brig. Gen. George Lincoln Prescott, and four of the letters in this archive surround his heroic death. A friend of Parker writes on June 23, 1864: Poor Col. Prescott has attested to the last, his fidelity and loyalty: the first one to fall, of the Staff past and present, of the 32nd - a devoted wife and little children will mourn his death, while our country can count another soldier in the list of the faithful.

Prior to becoming a soldier, Prescott was a lumber dealer. He enlisted as a Capt. at the age of 31. He was commissioned into the 5th MA Inf. Co. C on May 1, 1861 and mustered out July 13, 1861. He was commissioned into the 32nd MA Co. B as a Capt. on October 31, 1861.

Through a string of promotions he rose to the rank of Brevet Brig. Gen.

76 Ipswich, Massachusetts, Civil War Original Enrollment and Instruction Books Two 8 x 10 in. notebooks, one with paper cover, one with soft cloth cover and leather spine. The first seems to be a “scratch” or draft notebook and the second a “clean” copy. Inside the first is a loose sheet with later notes: “Former Property of Abraham I. Wait / Enrolling Officer of Ipswich, Mass.” (The Abraham Wait house still stands at 12 Market Street in Ipswich, built in 1832. Abraham and his brother operated a shoe store on Market St.)

He was wounded at Gettysburg and Petersburg, but his wounds at Petersburg took his life. The Boston Daily Advertiser wrote, No man ever had a more real command over his regiment. No man could carry his men farther. Where he went they would follow.

A chilling list of the wounded and killed at Petersburg written by Fredrick Hoyt also accompanies the archive.

Parker may not have been physically present on the battlefield, but his thoughts were always with his men. He wrote to the family of one of the wounded men and wrote to his former officers, inquiring about their health and that of the regiment. After the war, he was an active member in the GAR. In December 1908, one of his men, William H. Thomas wrote: I came across recently among my papers of that period, a copy of your farewell address as Major of the Battalion at Fort Warren. I bring to mind how it impressed me at the time so much so that I made a copy of it and have preserved it. I can see in my mind very clearly the occasion and how badly we all felt.

The touching tribute came to Parker a month before his death. The men of the 32nd were thankful for his short service and were better for it. $1,200 - $1,600

The instructions indicate that Wait was to list all men who would be between 20 and 45 years of age on July 1, 1863 and aliens with the intention of becoming citizens. This was to comply with the Conscription Act passed by Congress in March, the first wartime draft in American history. The Act included provisions for exemption that could be purchased for $300, meaning only the wealthy could get out of military service. This led to draft riots in New York City and other places. There had been a conscription act passed during the War of 1812, but the war ended before it could be implemented. There have

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Massachusetts

been requirements at various times since the Revolution that all adult men arm themselves and join militia units, but this was not a draft per se.

The first notebook contains one page of instructions plus a loose sheet (not from either notebook) with additional instructions (“For Foreigners, use the terms Naturalized, has taken out his first papers, Not Naturalized. And Be particular in spelling every name correctly, and write plainly and distinctly.”) The following pages have lists of names, ages, some have occupations, and remarks, such as the individual was serving in a unit, or insane, or the only son of a “Widder.” (so much for spelling...) Each name was then crossed out, presumably as they were transferred to the clean copy. A random check of a handful of names in each notebook indicates that the names were in both books.

The second notebook has cut indexing on the pages. Each group has a letter glued to the tab (“A,” “B,” etc.) and the headers from military forms glued to the first page. Columns include town of “Residence,” Name, “Age July 1st, 1863,” “White or Colored,” occupation, married or single, “Place of Birth,” “Former Military Service” and “Remarks.” On the front pastedown is a printed instruction sheet from the Board of Enrollment, Salem, [MA], May 23, 1863. This gives specific exemptions, also. For example, No. 1 is mentally or physically unfit. No. 5 is The father of motherless children under twelve years of age, dependent on his labor for support. Most of the others also have to do with the man being the only support for

dependent family members - aging parents, widows, children, etc.

One interesting example is No. 3: When there are two or more sons of aged or infirm parents, subject to draft, the father, or, if he be dead, the mother, may elect which son shall be exempt. On the ffep is a newspaper clipping of men who are exempt from service with reasons for exemptions for the towns of Hamilton and Ipswich. Fortunately, for them, they list only “disability,” not what exact type. The notebooks are not quite as kind. There are a couple clearly marked “insane” or, “injury in the head has affected his intellect.” The “scratch” notebook has a few details, such as the nature of disabilities. Other than mental problems, there is one man who lost the ends of both thumbs, others with broken bones. When these were copied into the “clean” book, they often note only the exemption number, such as “Exempt No. 1,” or Exempt No. 5” - two fairly common ones.

A quick scan through these pages indicates that many men who were already enlisted were serving in the 14th or 48th Mass. Vols., with a few more in the 23rd. There are also a number in the Heavy Artillery unit at Fort Warren. A few men who were sailors before the draft were serving in the navy; Moses Henderson was a Master’s Mate, for example. The 14th MA Vols. was a 6-month unit and the 48th was 9-months. The 23rd was a 3-year unit that also veteranized. Most of these men served from September 1861 until June 1865 (M.O. at New Berne, NC).

An extensive listing of service-aged men in Ipswich in 1863 with information not in the census records. $700 - $1,000

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Connecticut 77 Henry J. Dallaher, Connecticut 1st Heavy Artillery, Civil War Archive Featuring Correspondence and Pencil Sketches of Camp Life Lot of 80, including approx. 72 letters and 6 sketches, ca. 1861-1883.

When imagining soldiers’ lives in one of the bloodiest incursions in American history, many envision its soldiers constantly dodging bullets and mortar shells. Very few realize that men spent a small portion of time on the battlefield. The majority of their days were at camp. Gripped by boredom, soldiers sought amusing diversions by playing music, gambling, participating in sports, or drinking. Henry J. Dallaher spent his leisure time writing long letters home and sketching. His collection of 72 letters, 7 on patriotic letterhead, and 6 drawings offered in the lot paint an interesting picture of camp life, desertion, and insubordination in the Civil War. Henry J. Dallaher enlisted as a private in 1st CT Heavy Art. Co. E. Many of the men in his regiment enthusiastically answered President Abraham Lincoln’s initial call to enlist, making it the first state regiment ready for field of service and the first three year regiment to travel through many cities. The swift enlistment of the 1 CT Heav. Art., however, did not mean the regiment was comprised of valiant fighters.

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discovered battle was more horrific than they ever imagined, many attempted to desert.

When Dallaher and his regiment left Hartford for Chambersburg, he described on June 21, 1861 that the dust was so thick [he] could not see the man before [him]. They marched on for three miles in the hot summer sun and had to stand one hour in the middle of the street without the least bit of shade but the sitisens of Hartford ware very kind to us. Thay had washtubs of lemonade on most every corner but for all that the streets was lined with men falling out of the ranks being so exhausted thay could not walk. Admiring crowds waved the company towards the river boats. As they floated down current, cheers continued from the banks. The men disembarked the ship and returned to the road. Dallaher described the reception as grand all the way along. It took 25 cars to bring us through and two engines in some places people brought cakes, lemonade, and sometimes wine to the cars and offered warm loaves of bread and butter. It was the fantastic send off every soldier wished for as they departed for the “glorious” battlefield, hoping to return soon as champions.

After the dust settled, Dallaher and his men set up camp. Slaves come BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Connecticut

in our camp to sell cakes, small be[?], segars, strawberries and cream, milk and bread and in fact every thing to eat. Skeptical officers advised their men not to eat the food for feer of being poisend. Doubtful of his officers reservations, Dallaher reported, nowone has been poisend yet...

The weapons in the men’s hands were more dangerous than the slaves’ food. Inexperienced soldiers sometimes misfired their weapons which resulted in accidental deaths or injuries. On the march towards Chambersburg, Dallaher’s regiment experienced a casualty when a careless soldier’s weapon discharged. The soldier cleaning his gun was not able to reassemble it before drill. He grabbed a rifle of his tent mate who, while sleeping on guard, neglected to dead the charge but had taken of the cap...the order was given to fire the lock struck fire and the piece exploded. the ball going through one side of a tente and through a napsack three inches bellow a mans head that was lying asleep with his head on it. and out of the other side of the tent and through a mans leg that was seting on another tent reading. shatering the bone so that it will have to be taken off at the knee.

Some men “accidentally” shot themselves to avoid combat or, in the case of one man in Dallaher’s regiment, while attempting to escape.

On August 21, 1861 Dallaher describes a deserter [who] fell out of the ranks and attempted to get into one of the bagage wagons. Before he could flee, his musket went off and the ball past through the lower part of his body and lodge in his thigh. He survived the injury only to be placed in front of a firing squad on top of his coffin. He sat still a minute and then roled over on his side on the ground, writes Dallaher, when the doctors went up to him and found he was onley wounded so the men war ordered to fire again. Desertion was a serious offense, however, officers hesitated to sentence deserters to death. Fewer than 200 executions were ordered by commanding officers in the Union and Confederate armies, making Dallaher’s experience especially rare.

Another man attempting to shirk his duties told Dallaher’s sister and others at home inflated tales of his time at war. He was sent home when we served at Fortress Monroe after leaving Fort Richardson, reveals Dallaher, he was sick and has never as much as smell powder and is he doesn’t return to the Peninsular in double quick time he will wake up one morning in jail and be sent to the Ripsaps[?] as a diserter… (July 23, 1861) Even one of his commanding officers overstayed his furlough, as soon as he returned he was arrested and relieved of duty. Dallaher admitted that no punishment was as heartbreaking to witness as the court martial of Duffe of Co. K for treason. Dallaher explains:

Duffe was ordered to be branded with the letter D on the left hip and have his head shaved and be drummed out of camp at dress parade... [He] was not drummed out of camp until the 16th on account of bad wether. The regt was drawn up in line at 9 A.M. and Duffe made his appearence with his head shaved as smooth as glass. accompanyed by six guards, two in front with sum revised bayonets fired, two behind on a charged bayonet and one on each side with arms apart so that the bayonets were all within a foot of his breast and a drum and pipe playing the roges[?] march the morning was one of the couldest we have had there was two inches of snow on the ground and it had rained and frose…it was one of the hardest things I have seen yet (January 17, 1862).

Disciplining regiments was an enormous challenge to Union commanders, because many of the men were volunteers who were unaccustomed to the authoritarian procedures. Officers penalized rebellious soldiers for cowardice and desertion by branding, like Duffe.

Dallaher sketches another humiliating and painful punishment for unruly soldiers named “riding the wooden mule.” Dallaher pencils a defiant foot soldier with his hands bound behind his back. He sits on a makeshift beam in the center of camp made from chopped timbers while his feet dangle above the ground. Officers administered this punishment for a few hours or an entire day. He scrawls at the bottom, Guards Quarters fool of the Ft. Rich Hill. On August 24, 1862 an entire company disobeyed their commander. Dallaher writes: Lt. Col. came out with a revolver and commended [Co. K] to march to their quarters, and thay would not obay him. He sayed thay must obay him and they first man that showed the last sign of insubordination he would shot him dead…Co K would not move and Lut Col toled the Capt of Co B to make them prisoners and take them to Genearl Banks and thay aloud themselves to be bound…thare muskets taken away from them, and ware marched 10 miles to the Gens headquarters. Punishing regiments and men established authority and deterred others from not following orders.

At his sister’s request, Dallaher sketched her views of camp, but drawing was very important to him. When his captain ordered the men to take only what they could carry from camp he left behind a blanket and kept his beloved drawing book. He was only able to draw in ideal situations, because working in inclement weather ruined his drawings. In this archive, Dallaher’s illustrations include a penciled drawing of a line of soldiers entering the imposing Fort Richardson in VA; several men standing guard in front of three colonial buildings at Willamsport, MD while a covered wagon branded with the US insignia waits on the road; an unidentified building next to a

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Connecticut crumbling brick wall with peaking ship masts; a wooded camp scene with brush covered tents at White Oak Spring, MD where one soldier rests his musket and back on a tree while another naps on the lawn, other men huddle together in tents possibly trading stories of home or discussing battle arrangements; and a penciled and watercolor sketch of a grand naval ship, the Great (?) Queen. The last drawing is not by Dahaller, but W.C. Pitt who either drew it in New York or is from that state.

Also included in the lot are six envelopes addressed to Dallaher’s sister and Mrs. E. Dahaller, a pass for Dallaher to travel to Alexandria, VA on September 15, 1862, and two envelopes for forwarded paychecks by the Adams Express Company. $2,000 - $3,000

78 Private James Sterling, DOW, 7th Connecticut Volunteers, Civil War Archive, Including Letter Concerning His Death An intimate collection of 8 letters with transcriptions from Pvt. James Sterling of the 7th Connecticut Volunteers, his brother, Edgar C. Sterling, and his sister.

Dear Brother, writes Pvt. Sterling in a letter dated Nov. 29, 1861, I take my pen to write you a few lines there is a great deal to Write about so much that I scarsley now what to write first but as you wanted to describe all that I have seene and soforth I will begin with the time I started from Fortress Monroe...he continues to describe a terrible hurricane that he encountered while sailing with a large fleet.

In other letters Sterling goes on about the woes of camp life, 15th of Nov you wrote you were about to sit down to your supper I wish that I was there to sit down to the old chery bord with you...when I sit down to supper it is to no table at all...

In another letter dated March 6, 1864, Edgar writes to James, we feal very ancious about you for we want to know how your wounds are getting along. I saw in the paper that your name was in the list of Casualties. The paper stated that all those that were killed and mortley wounded was left on the field of Battle. It seames by the paper that...It was a teriable battle but I hope to hear from you soon...

Eleven days later, the Sterlings received heartbreaking news. My dear Sir, writes hospital secretary Leonard Bullis, Your brother died in this Hospital on the 25th day of February 1864 Gunshot wounds received at the battle of Oluste [sic] Fla. James Sterling enlisted as a private and was mustered into Co. E of the 7th Connecticut Volunteers in September of 1861. In October and November 1863, the regiment’s status changed and it was equipped as a “boat infantry” for the specific purpose of leading an amphibious night assault on Fort Sumter, SC. Although the 7th trained at Folly Island, SC, the project was ultimately ended because it was deemed impractical. Before dying from wounds suffered at the Battle of Olustee, Sterling was engaged in various battles including Secessionville and Drewry’s Bluff. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | New York

79 Extensive Archive Associated with Chester W. Burton and Family, Upstate New York, Incl. Letters Written from Denver Concerning Possible Rebel Invasion and Post-War Letters from Montana Lot of 750+ items, including correspondence between Chester W. Burton and family and friends throughout the country, financial documents concerning money transactions and deeds, pamphlets, account books, diaries, family photographs, and newspaper clippings.

Ca mid-19th century through early 20th century.

Chester Warren Burton (1831-1916) was born in Portland, NY, to War of 1812 Veteran, Hiram Burton and his wife Harriet. Burton’s grandfather and uncles also fought in the War of 1812, with one uncle, Salmon Burton, losing his life as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Little York, Canada, 1813. Burton married fellow-Portland resident, M. Freedom Harris (1838-1916) in 1861, and together they had three children. Freedom was heavily involved in the Universalist Social Society, which provided aid to local soldiers. Although Burton was drafted during the Civil War on August 18, 1863, he provided a substitute named James Kelly who deserted after one month of service. An 1881 Portland/Chautauqua NY Atlas includes a brief biography of Burton, identified as a “fruit grower” who also worked as a civil engineer for six years and served as an assessor. He was also described as a “Universalist and a republican.”

Approx. 75 pre-Civil War letters, documents, land indentures, etc., are included in the archive, which focus primarily on Burton’s grandfather, Simon, and his father, Hiram, as well as Freedom’s father, Joseph Elliot Harris. Some of the correspondence pertains to the family’s pursuit of bounty claims owed Simon in Indiana. Hiram Burton’s handwritten application for a pension in which he outlines his service as a War of 1812 Veteran, which he submitted in 1871, also accompanies the archive.

Another noteworthy, pre-war item is a penciled note calling for a public demonstration against the introduction of slavery into the territories, dated March 1861.

The collection contains close to 100 Letters, documents, and other ephemera dating from the 1860s, including Civil War-era correspondence, such as a small batch of letters written to Burton from soldiers from Co. D of the 9th New York Cavalry: James Ogden

who enlisted as a corp. and was promoted to a bugler (which he noted in a Dec. 1861 letter); and Charles Crosby, who enlisted as a corp. and was later promoted to a sergeant.

Burton also corresponded with “Joe E. Cook” of Western Pennsylvania, who wrote in a Jan. 20, 1861 letter: Surely I “Hurrah for Anderson”, and groan for our treason-fostering President. It is folly to predict on the events that are transpiring, and which are in immediate connection and dependence with so vacillating and treacherous old BENEDICT Batch. But, let the events take whatever turn they may, at the beginning; ever so horrid and bloody, the result will be glorious. I cannot believe but that we are about to witness the worst stage on which this nation has ever acted, and do tremble when I think of the guillotine of vengeance that the southern people are raising higher and higher above their own heads, trampling with haughty tread and iron heel over the mute-floored powdermills that for years have been accumulating with black fulminating dust of hate.

Another letter written early in the war to Friend Chet from Cook includes strong content about joining the war effort, the Constitution, and the issue of Slavery. In the October 14, 1861 letter, Cook states, in part: With Gerrit Smith I abhor war, but with him I am “sick of the shams of this war” and am quite unable to decide what will be the eventuation of the Administration in regard to Slavery. If it shall decide to emancipate unreservedly then the war will be protracted and very bloody, but if they shall continue as the watch-word, “Vive la Constitution,” then the war will be short… He goes on to mention John Brown Jr. taking a number of men from Erie County, where he resided, as well as Crawford County, PA. A small group of war-date documents pertain to Burton being drafted, including a partially printed draft notice from the provost marshal’s office, with a RR pass to the muster location in Dunkirk, NY and two small printed notices, one a circular on types of exemptions, the other outlining the procedure for supplying a substitute or paying $300 to Internal Revenue. The circular emphasized that the drafted individual must appear in person with receipt or send substitute, or be charged with desertion. Burton’s draft deferment is also included.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | New York

Some of the most interesting Civil War-period letters in this archive were written from Denver, CO, by Burton’s sister, Maria, and her husband, J. Billings. They concern the sizable population of Southerners in the Colorado gold fields and in Denver itself, and the agitation among them to claim the territory for the Confederacy. In a letter dated Sept. 5, 1861, believed to be from Maria, panic in Denver over a possible rebel invasion/insurrection is discussed: We are having exciting times here & have had for the last 4 weeks. There are a great many secessionist here & they talk pretty tough, but as yet have done nothing but talk. There is a regiment raising here for home protection & it does not suit the southern Chivalry here. They make all sorts threats & there are all sorts of rumors fresh ones every day. First comes about the Texas Rangers then the Indians then the secessionists from the mountains & I suppose the next thing will be something else. The first United States court met last Monday & the Grand Jury has been doing something I should think by the way the Rebels are leaving town this afternoon & I hope that it will have the effect to keep them away. One of them is our nearest neighbor & the big gun among them. I think the grand jury must have a traitor among them. I hope that he may get his just desserts…

There is a great deal of anxiety to hear from the states here to know what is going on there. Times are very dull here and have been all summer. Money is out of the question… it is dicker, barter & trade.

There are a great many men in the mountains that are taking out money very fast & then again there are a great many that are making nothing. I have some property here that is very valuable if there was money here to pay for it.

In a follow-up letter, dated Oct. 20, 1861, Maria mentions the increased level of security in Denver...Home Guard has 150 men stationed throughout town every night. Men serve duty every four days.

Burton’s brother-in-law, Billings, provides an interesting description of early Denver, and he mentions the following incident, while speaking of the local sheriff...I have not been able to see him yet as he went South about the the time you left. He will be back tomorrow, then I suppose he will take Van Horn up to Central and hang him (Dec. 14, 1863).

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Billings was likely referring to William S. Van Horn, who was convicted of murdering a gentleman by the name of Josiah Copeland with the help of his mistress, although she was not charged with the crime.

Van Horn was taken to Denver and held in the Arapahoe County Jail in an attempt to avoid a lynching, and on December 18, 1863, he was hanged in front of a crowd of thousands in Central City. This was the first legal execution carried out under territorial authority.

Two letters written to Burton from an unidentified homesteader in Montana, between February and the First day of Spring, 1867, feature rich content about the Gold Rush and surviving the winter out west. In the February 27th letter, he offers a detailed description of the machine used in hard-rock gold mining to pulverize the quartz to remove the gold, which is then “amalgamated” with mercury to extract the gold. In the second letter, he describes in great detail stampeding during the harsh Montana winters. He states: You must not call the Stampeder foolish. He came here to make a big thing, has worked all summer for wages which though good will never approach riches...A stampede occurs. The weather is mild; he has enough money to buy an outfit, and with those prospects before him...Home by another winter. Is he to blame for not seeing the terrors of a winter’s stampede in the rocky mountains! I studied my plans carefully, and know that they will operate, among which I was to let out the stampeding, but my notion is to move and the fact that I was unable to purchase an outfit has left me still thirsting for gold...

The archive also includes hundreds of post-war documents, manuscripts and related ephemera, such as letters from children and grandchildren to Burton and his wife in Chautauqua, NY, and while wintering in Florida; many church pamphlets; and Women’s Christian Temperance Union pamphlets. $4,000 - $6,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Pennsylvania Lots 80-84 — Lemuel B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer for the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg Warren County, PA native Lemuel B. Norton (1839-1871) enlisted on June 22, 1861 at the age of 21 as a 1st lieut. and was commissioned into Co. A of the 10th Infantry Regiment of the Pennsylvania State Guard and was later promoted to captain, but left that position when appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to the rank of captain in the Army of Potomac Signal Corps, a military organization pioneered by Maj. Albert J. Meyer.

The new group utilized communication tactics and information as a weapon.

Norton served as Chief Signal Officer at the Battle of Gettysburg. He established a complicated line of men at important vantage points near Cemetery Hill, Powers Hill, Culp’s Hill and Little Round Top. He used them to communicate with other generals the positions and movements of enemy troops. His group on Little Round Top forced Longstreet to detour the approach march to his attack on July 2nd. Longstreet rerouted his march to a more concealed route, but failed. The Signal Corps warned Meade of their approach and reinforcements charged toward the flank that narrowly fought off the Confederates. In addition to his men, he had field telegraph trains he chose not to deploy.

Norton was recognized for “Gallant and Meritorious Service” in the Battle of Gettysburg, for “Meritorious Service” in the Signal Corps during the war, and for “Meritorious Service” in the Campaign against Richmond, VA. He continued his service after the war and ended his military career as a major in July 1867. Norton died in Philadelphia, PA, in December 1871 of pulmonary tuberculosis as a result of military exposure.

The papers, commissions, and personal effects offered here were previously passed down through members of Norton’s family, and were sold in 1997 to a private collector.

80 Lemuel B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer at Gettysburg, Civil War Requisition Book, December 1862-June 1863 Requisition book, 5 x 10 in., identified to Lt. L.B. Norton, AAQM of Signal Corps. December 1862-June 1863. Containing approx. 34pp of manuscript entries. Highlights include: Covering supplies ordered by him or turned in to him during period of Dec. 4, 1862 to June 4, 1863, such as the following entry dated Jan. 7, 1863:Requisition made for 30 haversacks, 20 canteen straps, 20 great coats in assorted sizes, 30 Cavalry jackets assorted sizes, 50 pair mounted pants, assorted sizes, 30 woolen shirts, 20 pick handles, 90 pair of boots, 4 stable forks, etc.

Listing of Fords of Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers, describing various places where rivers were forded, giving descriptions by depth, width and what purpose each ford could be used for.

Listing of railroad distances as follows: 19 locations on RichmondFredericksburg & Potomac Railroad, giving mileage between towns and fort locations. Also 10 bridges on same R.R., describing bridge construction, length, and height.

Virginia Central RR, mileage from Richmond through 13 towns to Gordonsville.

Old Stage Road to Richmond, mileage from Fredericksburg through 14 towns to Richmond.

Telegraph Rd. to Richmond, mileage from Fredericksburg through 13 towns to Richmond, also from Fredericksburg west through Chancellorsville and 6 other towns or forts.

Streams to Old Post Road to Richmond, giving width and best location to ford streams.

Stage Road from Fredericksburg to Winchester through 11 towns, mileage to each town.

Water distances from Washington, D.C. to Norfolk through 20 towns or forts.

List of abbreviations used in war department correspondence during the Civil War. $1,000 - $1,500

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Pennsylvania 81 Abraham Lincoln Presidential Signed Commission for Lemuel B. Norton, Captain in the Signal Corps, July 1864 Lot of 4, featuring partially printed document signed by Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). 1p, 14 x 18.75 in. (sight), on vellum, with embossed seal affixed upper left. Washington, July 15, 1864.

Appointment of Lemuel B. Norton as Captain of the U.S. Signal Corps.

Signed by Lincoln as President (1860-1865) and Edwin M. Stanton (1814-1869) as Secretary of War (1862-1868). Framed together with modern portrait of Lincoln and descriptive plaque, 31.5 x 28.5 in.

Accompanied by partially printed DS signed by Stanton, in which he informs Norton of his appointment as Captain in the Signal Corps, from the “War Department, Washington,” June 13, 1863; and two letters from Norton, although they appear to have been written in two different hands, each on Signal Department stationary, from “Camp near Fairfax CH, Va.” June 23, 1863. Each addressed to Brig.

Gen, Thomas. In the first letter, Norton acknowledges receipt of his appointment, and in the second letter, he asks that his resignation be accepted so he can serve as Captain of the Signal Corps. $4,000 - $6,000

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82 Lemuel B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer at Gettysburg, Recommendation for Captain Signed by U.S. Grant, Plus Pennsylvania Commissions Lot of 5, including: document containing personally written letters of recommendation for Lemuel B. Norton from several Union officers, 1p, 9.75 x 7.5 in. including: A.A. Humphreys (1810-1883), Maj. Gen., dated March 3, 1865; signature that appears to be from J.W. Turner (1833-1899), Brig. Gen., dated March 8, 1865; Godfrey Weitzel (1835-1884), Maj. Gen., dated February 15, 1865; and John Gibbon (1827-1896), Maj. Gen., dated February 26, 1865. The same manuscript document is signed by U. S. Grant (1822-1885) as follows, Approved, U.S. Grant, HdQrs. Armies of the United States, City Point, Va. March 8/65.

Two Civil War-period Pennsylvania State Military Commissions signed by Andrew G. Curtin (1817-1894) as Governor of Pennsylvania, each 1p, 17 x 13.5 in., with embossed seal affixed upper left. The first appoints Norton 1st Lt., Co. C, 10th Infantry, PA Reserve Vol. Corps., and the second appoints Norton Capt., Co. C, of the 10th PA. Also included is a manuscript affidavit issued on May 10, 1867 by Michael Kelly, a soldier in the Signal Corps, who testified to the capture of Capt. B.F. Fisher, Maj. Sterling, and a government bay horse (cared for by Norton) by rebel troops near Aldie, VA, dated May 10, 1864; and a post-war ALS referencing bills and receipts belonging to Norton. $1,500 - $2,500

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83 Andrew Johnson Presidential Stamped Commissions for Lemuel B. Norton, Incl. Major by Brevet for Service as Chief Signal Officer Lot of 12, including 4 partially printed documents stamped: Andrew Johnson (1808-1875). 1p, 19.5 x 15.75 in., on vellum, with embossed seal, affixed upper left. Washington, May 10, 1866. Appointment of Lemuel B. Norton as Captain by brevet for gallant and meritorious services. Stamped by Johnson as President (1865-1869), and Edwin M. Stanton (1814-1869), as Secretary of War (1862-1868).

1p, 19.75 x 15.75 in., on vellum, with embossed seal, affixed upper left. Washington, March 7, 1867. Appointment of Norton as Second Lieutenant in 30th Regiment. Stamped by Johnson as President and Stanton as Secretary of War. With two letters of transmission related to this appointment issued by the War Dept., signed by Ast. Adj. Gen. J.C. Kelton.

1p, 19.75 x 15.75 in., on vellum, with embossed seal, affixed upper left.

Washington, June 22, 1868. Appointment of Norton as Captain by brevet for gallant and meritorious services during the war. Stamped by Johnson as President and J.M. Schofield (1831-1906), as Secretary of War (1868-1869).

1p, 19.5 x 15.75 in., on vellum, with embossed seal, affixed upper left. Washington, July 28, 1868. Appointment of Norton as Major by brevet for meritorious services in the Signal Corps during the war, especially while Chief Signal Officer of the Army of the Potomac, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and Department of the Susquehanna. Stamped by Johnson as President and Schofield as Secretary of War. With letter of transmission related to this appointment signed by Asst. Adj. Gen. J.C. Kelton.

Additional War Dept. correspondence includes printed Special Orders No. 233, May 7, 1867, issued by Asst. Adj. Gen. E.D. Townsend; manuscript Special Orders No. 226(?), May 12, 1867, signed by Townsend; letter of transmission regarding Norton’s commission of 1st lieut. by brevet, dated June 23, 1868, signed by Ast. Adj. Gen. Kelton; and letter informing Norton of his promotion to 1st lieut. of the 30th Regiment U.S. Infantry, dated Sept. 29, 1869, signed by Secretary of War, John Schofield. $1,000 - $1,500

84 Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Signed Commission for Lemuel B. Norton, 1st Lieutenant, 30th Regiment Infantry, March 1869 Lot of 2, including partially printed document signed by Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885). 1p, 15 x 19 in. (sight), on vellum, with embossed seal affixed upper left. Washington, March 6, 1869. Appointment of Lemuel B. Norton as 1st Lieut. of the 30th U.S. Infantry. Signed by Grant as President (1869-1877) and John A. Rawlins (1831-1869) as Secretary of War (1869). Framed together with modern portrait of Grant and descriptive plaque, 31.5 x 27.5 in.

Accompanied by letter of transmission signed by Asst. Adj. Gen. J.C. Kelton, from the “War Department, Washington,” March 22, 1869. $800 - $1,200

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Pennsylvania

85 Civil War, 100th Pennsylvania Volunteer Archive, Primarily Related to the Bender Family Lot of 41 Civil War and post-war letters and several miscellaneous documents connected to the Bender Family of Lawrence County, PA. Ca 1861-1874, with the bulk coming from the Civil War-period.

Accompanied by a CDV of Ephraim Bender (J. Taylors Photographic Studio) nursing his wound from the Second Battle of Bull Run. The letters in this collection were authored by several different individuals: Ephraim Bender (17); William Gordon (1); Gordon McKinley (1); Henry Rhodes (1), Henry G. Rhodes (1); Benjamin Vance (1); Levi Lewis (4): plus 15 letters between various Bender family members and friends.

Ephraim Bender was one of five children born to David and Mary Bender in Pennsylvania. He mustered into Company K of the 100th Pennsylvania Infantry on August 31, 1861, as a Sergeant. On August 29, 1862, he was wounded in the left foot at the Second Battle of Bull Run/Manassas, which eventually led to the end of his military service.

He was discharged in March 1863. Bender died in 1886 and is buried in Weathersfield, OH. The 100th Pennsylvania Infantry, which was known as the Round Head regiment, was recruited in the southwestern part of the state in August 1861 for a three-year term. The regiment fought at Port Royal, Beaufort, Charleston, Secessionville, Fredericksburg, Bull Run, Chantilly and South Mountain. It went on to the Western Theater to participate in the Vicksburg Campaign. It was reorganized in 1864 and went on to fight at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor and the Siege of Petersburg. The regiment was mustered out at Washington on July 24, 1865.

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Ephraim wrote several letters before being wounded, describing battle in detail. Spelling and grammar may not have been his strong suit but the descriptions are none-the-less vivid. Of the battle of Port Royal, he writes…the gun Botes fired five hours rite along it was a fast firing as ever was…they stood it mity well but they had to run and leav every thing behind them. They had one of the best Bateries in the South if you had seen it you would say that it could not be taken Thare was twenty Cannon in the Battery and some of them was big ones…the Stemer Wabash with sixty fore guns run up and give them a few rounds and made them leav …thare was plenty of Dead people laying around …we cant tel how many they lost for they Beried them as fast as they could…

Regarding a tragedy at Newport News he writes, …I must tell you that Thare was some of our regiment Got Drounded they ware the ons that was left Behind when we left Newport news they ware sick when we left and ware sent after the regiment Coming up the Potomac river there was A Steam Boat run in to the one that our Boys war in and Sunk it...Some twelve of them was lost.

Also interesting are several letters from Aunt Elizabeth to Bender family members. She seems to be a lady of strong opinions and feels free to share them. Her passionate anti-war sentiments come to the fore as she writes, I think I will go to California or some place whear it wont be Copperhead or traitor and I don’t care what they call me. How do you like the copper heads. I suppose you will vote for little Mac…if you don’t I will call you a traitor…I want to [k]now where all the boys of Bat B is…are they all dead or have they gone back to Grant to be slaughtered…

Overall, the letters provide an interesting look into lives and sentiments of everyday citizens in southern Pennsylvania and the complexities of the culture and politics of the era. All letters are signed and dated. Paper size varies as well as number of pages. Condition varies but most are good to very good. $2,000 - $3,000 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Pennsylvania 86 Traveling Preacher, Williamson S. Wright, 1863 Diary Referencing Gettysburg, Plus Photographs and Related Wright Family Correspondence A collection of over 100 items spanning three generations of the Wright family including Williamson S. Wright’s 1863 diary; other family diaries; two family CDV albums containing 80+ cartes, and 7 loose photographs; pocket-sized books; and other documents. Ca 1863-1947.

In his photograph, Williamson Smith Wright is the picture of piety. His styled hair and young face show a boy, not yet a man, attempting to look mature. His snappy vest bears a cross above his peacefully gripped hands. Wright was born in 1840 in Lafayette, IN. He was determined to become a minister like his father and grandfather. Carrying his Bible, Wright traveled most of his life from Indiana to Pennsylvania and from Texas to Oregon spreading the word of God. Fresh out of the Western Theological Seminary, the 23 year-old Wright carried scripture to the battlefield. He wrote in his 1863 diary: This morning Bill White and I went out to Camp and after much deliberation put our names on Capt. Phillips of Co. C. roll. The re’gt is independent, to remain in discipline only during emergency, to be dismissed then, liable however to other calls.

White and Wright spent a few days in camp. They drilled and met other men in the regiment. His few months of service seemed like a grand tour, rather than military service. His regiment was charged to defend the city of Pittsburgh. On July 7, he wrote down exciting news: Gen. Lee with an immense army has invaded Penna and is near Harrisburg. The intention is to transfer the battlefield from Va. to Pa. Today we have rec. the news that after an awful battle, 3 days long, his entire army was finally defeated on the 4th and that now they are retreating completely demoralized. Gen. Meade was our Commander.

It was by far the bloodiest battle of the war and the most decisive. We have also just rec. the news that Vicksburg with 27,000 prisoners had surrendered that same day. A glorious 4th.

The next day Wright returned to camp. He wrote: To my great surprise I learned that the boys had nearly all been dismissed and that the 15th was virtually broken up. The battle of Gettysburg has been so successful for us as that the rebels have been completely swept from the State, therefore it is no longer necessary for 3 mos. State men, and there was on this account a general feeling in the re’gt against being sworn in.

The Army dismissed Wright of his military duties. He traveled to Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania filling empty positions as pastor. In 1884

he and his wife, Annie M. Davis, moved to Texas. He stayed there for ten years until he moved to Oregon and founded the Portland Gospel Mission.

While the majority of the CDVs included in the archive are portraits of family and friends (some identified) the albums contain a Bendann Bros. carte of Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, and two views of unidentified Union officers, one showing a major or lieut. col. by Morse & Peaslee, Army Photographers, Dept. Cumberland, and the other showing a 2nd lieut. by Lockhart, Bryon, OH. Accompanied by three cartes capturing exterior views of an Allegheny, PA residence, one showing a family posed on the front porch.

The remainder of the archive includes a Bible inscribed as a gift from Wright’s dear Grandmother in 1848, family photographs, many with personalized inscriptions or identifications, an 1860 autograph book signed by Wright’s classmates, a pocket dictionary, and a 1901 diary written by Rev. W.S. Wright while in Oregon. $500 - $700

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio 87 Corporal George P. Jarvis, 3rd Ohio Volunteers, Civil War Archive Lot of 30 Civil War-era letters from George P. Jarvis to various family members, ca early 1861-1865, accompanied by a CDV of Jarvis, by J. Beverly & Son, Fredrick, MD, and several pre-and post-war letters, including correspondence from a friend, L.G. Lyon.

George Perry Jarvis joined Company C of the 3rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a private on May 4, 1861. At the time he was 18 years old and had just finished his secondary education. Born in Pittsfield, MA, in 1853, Jarvis and his family relocated to Rome, Athens County, OH, where his father was a merchant during a boom of coal mining and salt making in that area.

Jarvis spent four years in the Union Army in two Ohio infantry regiments: the 3rd and 18th. While serving in the 3rd Ohio, he was wounded at the Battle of Perrysville, KY. Jarvis spent a significant part of his enlistment in the Quarter Masters function of the unit. After the 3rd Ohio mustered out in June 1864, Jarvis re-enlisted into Company E of the 18th Ohio Infantry as a QM sergeant and was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in September 1865. He mustered out of the service in October 1865.

After returning to civilian life, he married Roxavilla Beebe in 1873 and had three children. Like his father, Jarvis became a merchant and lived in rural Southeastern, OH, for much of the remainder of his life. He died in 1920 and is buried in Parkersburg Memorial Gardens in West Virginia.

The 3rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry served in the Western Theater, operating principally in West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. Initially the regiment was a three-month enlistment organized at Camp Jackson in Columbus, OH, in April 1861 under Col. Isaac Morrow. It moved to newly constructed Camp Dennison near Cincinnati and served on garrison duty there until June. The 3rd Ohio was reorganized as a three-years’ regiment with the same numerical designation utilizing men who elected to join for three-years.

The 3rd Ohio saw action in the West Virginia Campaign, the occupation of Nashville and Murfreesboro, TN, in the pursuit of Braxton Bragg into Kentucky, the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Stone’s River and Streight’s Raid to Rome, GA. The regiment was captured by Nathan Bedford Forrest at Rome, GA, and was exchanged in May 1863. Afterward it was involved in quelling the Holmes County Ohio Rebellion, the pursuit of John Hunt Morgan and in garrison duty at Chattanooga, TN. It was ordered to Camp Dennison, OH, June 9, 1864, and mustered out June 23. The 3rd Ohio lost a total of 172 officers and enlisted men.

The 18th Ohio was originally organized to serve three months, then three years under Col. Timothy R. Stanley in 1861. It was re-organized in the fall of 1864, under Col. C.H. Grosvenor. The reconstituted 18th Ohio saw action at the Battle of Nashville, the Pursuit of John Bell Hood to the Tennessee River, and at Chattanooga. The unit was mustered out in October 1865 at Columbus, OH. The letters offered in this archive trace the growth and maturation of George Jarvis as he served with the Ohio 3rd and 18th Infantries through the course of the war. He was wildly optimistic in March 1862: I think we will soon close this thing up [the war] now. We have been playing soldier long enough and there seems to be a determination manifested in the trust of the executives the war as soon as possible. By May he had become more disillusioned: I think that we will be licked like the devil at Corinth and the war will be [set back] about one year. By July his letters were focusing on army life and events: The men this division are extremely angry with the War Department for taking General [Ormsby] Mitchell away from them and putting [General Don Carlos] Buell in charge…Buell seems to be making it his business to tear down everything that Mitchell built up- and is disliked as fervently as Mitchell was beloved.

By December 1863 he had become a good deal more settled and wrote to his father: …since I have become of age I have had altogether different views respecting life. Probably I have looked at the matter in an altogether different light. I have had more ambition and greater aims than I ever did before.

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Jarvis had the opportunity to deal with some notable figures during his service. In August 1862 he was sending a letter home with Captain Mitchell [John G. Mitchell-later to become Brigadier General]…who may mail it to you…or give it to you in person. He even bumped into General Dan Sickles in 1864, I saw General Sickles a few days since. He is a fine looking man [even] if he has but one leg.

Jarvis continued to write home with a much more positive view of life up to the time of his discharge in October 1865. $1,000 - $1,500

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio

88 Civil War Archive of Capt. Thomas F. Murdock, 13th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, DOW at Chickamauga Lot of 14 letters and 3 commissions related to Capt. Thomas F. Murdock, Co. F, 13th OVI, died of wounds sustained at Chickamauga, ca 1861-1863.

Dear Father, I sit down this evening to write you and ask you if you will consent to my joining the zouves...Thomas F. Murdock of Cincinnati, OH penned this to his father, James Murdock, while he was away in Petersburg, PA. Thomas’ note was similar to many letters fathers received from their sons during the Civil War. James no doubt received a second letter either requesting or announcing his enlistment from his older son, James Jr. The sacrifice of his sons, however, would not be his only contribution to the war effort.

James E. Murdock was a famous Shakespearean actor and elocutionist who was loved by Lincoln. After an unfortunate illness in 1832, James mistakenly took too much arsenic as a cure. The poison plagued him with poor health for the rest of his life. Despite his precarious condition, James exited retirement in 1861 to perform and raise money for wounded soldiers. Little did he know that one of his sons became one of the many wounded.

Young boys enraptured by the idea of war begged to enlist, but rarely understood its implications. Every man you meet here is anxious to fight, Fourth St. from Vine to Main is densely packed with men waiting for dispatches, writes Thomas. I think it would be a grand thing for me (April 13, 1861). Whether or not he convinced his father, Thomas enlisted that year at the age of 20. He mustered into the 13th OH Inf. Co. I as a sergeant and rose to the rank of capt in January 1863 to replace an officer who had fallen at the Battle of Stone’s River. Two months later, his older brother, James E. Murdoch Jr., enlisted as a 2nd Lieut. He was commissioned into the 2nd OH Inf. Co. I and, like his brother, rose to the rank of capt.

Thomas began his military career in the middle of action. When he was stationed at Camp Ellsworth, on May 26, 1861, Col. Ellsworth was killed. The assassination of Ellsworth has opened the war in earnest. Not an hour has passed since then, but you hear of some engagement around this encampments, writes Thomas.

You can hardly imagine the excitement in camp. Such shouting and yelling I never heard before, in ten minutes the two Ohio Regiments were in marching order. Col. McCrock says that he never saw regular time out so soon as we did, Before we marched we received orders to turn back and prepare to march in an other direction. We had orders to throw off our knapsacks and take one blanket, and strap it on our backs and carry nothing but our arms and canteens. I carry in the way of arms. one old

muskets which will do as much damage to the man who shoots it as to anyone else. one colts improved revolvers. one bowie knife cartrage, box, cap box, knapsack havensuck canteen, and overcoat. When we get these all on, we are well loaded.

The action and excitement did not relent for Thomas and his regiment, and they fought hard at the Battle Shiloh and lost many men.

We are at present engaged in recovering the dead on the battle field who were so poorly buried that the heavy rains of late have unearthed a great many. It is a very common sight to see an arm or leg protruding from a grave or some poor secesh. A remarkable instance of the tenacity of the like occurred last week. on one of the many cases that the surgeon of this regiment was treating. One of the Rebels who was wounded in the engagement of the 7th laid out in the open air, from midday until the following saturday, with a hole shot in the back of the head, and part of the brain protruding so that it laid on the ground. Dr. Carney found him on the afternoon of saturday, replaced the brain, set his skull, and sent him to one of the hospital boats hung at the landing, last account were that he was improving, Dr. said that the heavy rains bathed the wound and kept him alive, just to think of a man being in that state for five days and noting to eat, or drink. (April 21, 1862 at Camp Shiloh) Witnessing the carnage at Shiloh never made Thomas feel more homesick and war weary, but there was no time to rest. On May 23, 1862 he wrote from Corinth: We are at present miles from the enemies entrenchments, and are expecting a battle ever day...Our whole army is not strangely entrenched, and ready to meet Beauregard’s army should they advance which is very likely...Corinth is now in shelling distance of our siege batteries...For a week we have had picket fights every day. Our regiment was on picket yesterday, we had a little skirmish with the enemies outpost. they shelled the woods that we were in, killing one of our regiment instantly, and eight of the 19th Ohio. Our batteries on the outpost opened on them, and they drew the fire of several of their secesh batteries, and they kept it up until night...

Halleck seems to be taking his time to it, he has beaten Beauregard once under disadvantages and now I think he will do it again at Corinth...I do not suppose we will have such fighting to do here as we had at Shiloh, most of the fighting will be done with artillery. I only hope I will escape as fortunately here as I did at Shiloh...

The constant action became almost second nature to Thomas and his men, We hear a shell coming and down goes the whole regiment on their faces, the only safe way to escape. We have become quite expert in dodging, but not enough so to escape the minnie balls which come along making a very unpleasant music, about ones ear, explains Thomas. The constant excitement frayed the men’s nerves. We are all becoming very

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio tired of this war and long for it to end, this life is anything but pleasant, but i can not complain...I do long to be back home for a little while.

Thomas survived the battle a Corinth but encountered some trouble when he was arrested by one of the commanding officers and a family friend, T.R. Roberts (?). Roberts wrote to James on July 3, 1862: Tomy said to me in the presence of the Company that which, he ought not to have said. He acted very hastily, and under the influence of great excitement....I would not have you think for a moment that I ever attempted to do Tom any injury. It was for his own good, and in order to maintain discipline in the company...Tom is a noble young man, but has many things to learn and the Army for such is a good school. Tom will go out of it I am quite sure a wiser, and if possible, a better man.

Thomas became a better man and earned the position of capt. six months later. While commanding his troops, he was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga on September 20, 1863. Five days later, his friend and fellow officer Frank Johnston Jones, wrote Thomas’ family: He was wounded in the left side below the shoulder and the ball penetrated to his spine. While I was with him he seemed to suffer very little and only complained of numbness about that side. He conversed freely and looked forward to recovery and from information I gained at the time there did not seem to be a doubt on the subject written the surgeon. He personally requested me to write to his Father and relations the following circumstances- He was wounded while on his horse, fell to the ground and at nightfall was beyond our lines and near those of Rebels. Private Innis 11th Mich vols and Little 19th Inda vols…acting as Hospital nurses, crept to where he was lying and brought him to Genl Rosecrans’s Hd quarters.

Their attention to him was gratefully received by him and he desired me to present their names to you.

In the hospital at Crawfish Springs fell into the hands of the enemy’s hands, during the following day, and he was at that time among those lying there. Lt. Col. Griffen Coney(?)…informed me today that he is dead and received his information from one of the surgeons, who was stationed at that Hospital.

There was no one who had warmer friends, or sustained a more credible reputation as an excellent and brave officer. The losses sustained in our last battles have cast a gloom, and brought mourning to many, many families. My brother who was Col of the 36th Ohio cols. also fell victim to the ravages of our horrible war, and I am therefore fully able to sympathize with you and your family in this bereavement.

I am endeavoring to obtain permission to go to the enemy’s lines for my brother’s remains and if successful will make every effort to procure those of your son. As yet such privileges forbidden because a battle is imminent.

A friend of the family or family member, Hatty, quickly scribbled a message to Tom’s sisters at the bottom of Jones’ letter: Girls, Capt. Trowbridge left McCooks headquarters Monday the 29th he saw your father the night before he left…Father tried to write but could not and told him to go to Mr. Garrets or B. Brads and tell them that he would telegraph as soon as he could know of anything and if could get to poor Tom’s body- That Tom was shot in the left breast thro the spine where the ball lodged…he did not suffer at all and thought he would get well, his limbs were numb which the surgeon pronounced a fatal sign.

Tom was one of a staggering 16,000 men killed, lost, or wounded at Chickamauga. A small hand-drawn map and note was sent to the family with a drawing of Crawfish Creek and Mr. Gordon’s dwelling, a pronounced X in a cotton field marks where he and several men were buried. Underneath the map an unidentified soldier wrote:

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The spring is a little more than a mile from the battlefield- about a mile and a half from Gordon’s Mills. Mr. Gordon’s family was home while we used the building as a hospital, and probably were present with Cat. Murdock when he died. They can point out the graves should there be any difficulty in finding them. There is two rows of graves. In the row near the center of field, the fourth grave (I think) as you approach from the side, is Cat. Murdock. I placed a board marker “Capt. T.F. Murdock 13th OVI, Van Cleeves Staff,” at the head of his grave-which I think Is still there. should the family be about, the reports can give any information.

The Murdock’s were not able to retrieve his body until June. On June 11, 1864 a second letter came: Dear Lady, The remains of Capt. Murdock has arrived awaiting your further orders.

It is uncertain whether or not James traveled to the battlefield to exhume Tom’s body or if his friend brought Tom and his brother home.

It is certain, however, that Tom’s body was brought to Cincinnati. He was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery where the inscription on the back of his headstone still reads: Meek and Gentle in the Walks of Life.

Courage and Fortitude Marked the Career of the Soldier.

One of Many Rich in Hope and Promise Have Died That the Nation Might Live.

James Jr. did not suffer the same fate as his brother. He survived the war, but not unscathed. He was discharged from service for a disability November 4, 1863. He named his son Thomas, in honor of his fallen, beloved brother.

Many of the letters are in excellent condition with typical folds. There are several franked envelopes with each letter. All three of Thomas’ commissions are also in excellent condition. Only one has a red seal. Two are signed by Gov. David Todd. One is signed by Gov. William Dennison. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio 89 Ohio 54th Zouaves, Civil War Manuscript Archive Including Correspondence Between Brothers Robert and Henry Williams Lot of 22 Civil War-era letters from two brothers, Robert and Henry Williams, to their father Robert Williams Senior, dating from 1861 to 1865. Accompanied by a substantial amount of research material and modern photographs of grave sites and family memorabilia.

Robert Williams, Jr., was born January 24, 1841, in Franklin County, PA, to Robert Williams, Sr., and his wife Elizabeth. The family moved to Preble County, OH, in 1856. Robert Jr. had limited schooling and became engaged in the cooper’s trade at an early age. In April 1861 he enlisted as a sergeant in Company B of the 20th Ohio Infantry for a three-month assignment. In the autumn of that same year, he enlisted in Company B of the Ohio 54th Infantry (Zouaves) for three-years service. He was promoted to Captain, Major, and Colonel during his enlistment. Williams was severely wounded in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou and was also plagued with illness including respiratory problems and smallpox. This led to his resignation due to disability in September 1864. Williams was well regarded by his superiors during his service. He married Elvira Elliott in 1863 and together they had six children. He served as treasurer of Preble County and Collector of Internal Revenue for the State of Ohio in his post-war career.

Henry C. Williams was Robert’s younger brother. He was born five years later (1846) but also in Pennsylvania. Prior to joining the Union Army, he was also a cooper in Preble County, OH. In August 1862 Henry enlisted in the Ohio 93rd Infantry as a private. (He apparently falsified his age as 19 in the enlistment process.) He was wounded in the Battle of Perryville and was subsequently discharged to the care of his father in March 1863 due to disability and the discovery that he was under age. In February 1864, Henry re-enlisted in Company B of the Ohio 54th Infantry as a private (this time using his true age of 18). He served to the end of the war, mustering out in August 1865 at Little Rock, AR. After the war, Henry married Sarah Emaline Murray in 1872 and together they had one daughter. He owned a grocery in Camden, OH, that he ran for most of the remainder of his life.

The 54th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, in October 1861, for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel Kilby Smith. The men were mainly drawn from southwestern and central Ohio counties. The 54th operated principally in the Western Theater but moved on to the east with Sherman in the latter stages of the war. This unit saw a good deal of

heavy action including Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, Chickasaw Bayou, Fort Hindman, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Bentonville. It was dissolved in August 1865 at Little Rock, AR. Four officers and 83 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded and three officers and 143 enlisted men died of accidents, disease or other causes.

The war was not kind to the men of Preble County including Robert.

However, he fought on and never wavered from his duties. On May 6, 1863, he reported to his father: I received a letter from you…but was not able to answer on account of sickness. I was taken with the Small Pox on the 12th day of april and have been in the hospital…since that time…I intend to try to get a furlough and go home until I get so that I can do duty…please excuse the few lines as my hand is not very steady yet.

Robert persevered and in May 1864, he was praising his men for their fortitude as they approached Atlanta: I had some fears that some of the recruits would become frightened and cause the whole command to become disorganized. But not so. They stood like veterans and now I can rely on them any where…The army is in good condition and will whip the rebel Army any time or place that they may choose.

Henry’s letters tend to be longer and more folksy, but also more descriptive of the tribulations of the war. On June 15, 1864, he wrote: there was a company of jonnies come over into our lines yesterday morning and they said there was a whole division of the rebs that will come wen they get a good chance to do it. I [think] that there will be a hot time here in a few days… I have never got sick yet and don’t [think] I shall wen there is any battle going on fore they are put back to the hospital and there is almost as much danger their as there is in the front.

On October 17, 1864, he wrote from Atlanta: this is the hardest looking town I ever saw. The houses is all shot to pieces and they are tearing all the houses down that [ain’t] occupied…There is about 3000 sick and wounded here now…I herd that Rob had resigned. I am glad to hear it if it is so fore he [ain’t] fit fore the service. All are signed by the author and dated. The letters have been transcribed to facilitate reading. Paper size varies: some sheets are folded to form multiple pages. The letters are in good to very good condition with some fading and paper deterioration.

Also included are a substantial amount of background research material and some modern day photos of grave sites and family memorabilia. The collection is attractively bound in a 15 x 12 inch leather binder with plastic sheet protectors. $1,500 - $2,000

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NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio 90 Captain Richard W. Burt, Ohio 76th Regiment, Archive Featuring a Sorrowful Letter from His Young Son Over the Death of Lincoln Collection of 9 Civil War-date letters between Capt. Burt and his family accompanied by 3 addressed envelopes. Burt enlisted as a 2nd lieut. at the age of 39 on October 22, 1861. He rose in ranks as a 1st lieut. in 1863 and capt. in 1864, moving between three companies: G, I, and H. He mustered out of Louisville in 1865. The most interesting letter in this lot, however, is from Burt’s young son, Ikey. In the strained hand of a child, Ikey writes: I have a chance to write now to you. I expect you have heard about Lincolns[sic] death have you and how he got killed. Oh I feel so sorry for him. they say he was to the theater and one of the acters[sic] in it killed him and other dispatches it was not them they knew who it was and men is after him to kill him. I wish it was jeff in place of lincoln mother sayes[sic] johnson must take his place we are a fraid[sic] that there will be more war now because they have killed him father you must hurah[sic] and come home because you might get killed. when we opened one of the boxes yesterday that lincolns picture was in it was broke and the glass has all in about a thousand bots. and Lula pretty much cryed [sic] she sayed[sic] lincolns dead lincolns dead what will I do. and felt so bat and it was not more than an hour or two till we heard he was dead. and she soon forgot that and went on of playing with me and told me to get my marbles...

Four of the letters are written by Capt. Burt’s to his wife and his older son. In a letter to his older son, also a soldier, he writes, I received a letter from you yesterday from Louisville, and was rather disappointed, to hear that you did not know where you would be mustered out of service...I think if I was you I would stick it out a little longer until He was ready to give you an honorable discharge... The rest of the letter explains his future business plans when his son returns home.

Two letters are from Burt’s wife, Lorna. She teases her husband about his lack of letters. Have you forgot your old woman, she asks, if so, let me know so I can have you advertised. She also informs him about amusing events at home, [Lula] woke the other night, she woke up crying, said Billy shot her over and a pig bit her thumb off her nah nah finger as she always call her thumb, she has them all named...she won’t sleep behind any more, and makes Ikey sleep their and calls it the pig pin, and she will lay in the middle so the pigs don’t get her. $600 - $1,000

91 Brothers Daniel & John Miller, Ohio 113th Infantry, Both DOD, Civil War Archive 26 letters, including correspondence between members of the Miller family as well as letters from Daniel Miller’s commanding officer, with the majority written by Daniel Miller to his family back home, many accompanied by the original envelopes. September 1862-April 1863.

Brothers Daniel and John Miller were two of the five children of John Henry Miller (1814-73) and Jemima Davis Clark Miller (1808-76). They lived in Madison County, OH, where they worked on the family farm.

Daniel D. Miller was born August 13, 1842 at Liberty, OH. He was working on the family farm when the Civil War broke out. Dan enlisted August 13, 1862 as a private and was mustered into Company G of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry (OVI) 113th Regiment on October 10, 1862. Before heading off to war, he married Anna Aliza McAlister in that same month.

Unfortunately Miller’s service was rather short. He died at Nashville, TN, March 23, 1863 of disease (probably chronic diarrhea from contaminated water), and is buried at Pleasant Cemetery in Mount Sterling, OH. John Wesley (Ky) Miller was born February 9, 1844 at Mt. Sterling, OH. He, too, was working on the family farm when the Civil War broke out and enlisted at the same time as his brother Daniel, serving in the same capacity in the same military unit. The family saw a double tragedy when John also succumbed to illness (exact cause of death is not listed) shortly after his brother on April 18, 1863 at Franklin, TN. He is buried at Pleasant Cemetery.

The Ohio 113th Regiment Infantry (OVI) was organized at Camps Chase, Zanesville, and 64

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio Dennison as well as in Urbana and Columbus, OH, between August and December 1862 for a three year enlistment period. The unit was under the command of Colonels James A. Wilcox and John G. Mitchell.

The unit started its service in the Western Theater but was part of Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, March to the Sea and advance through North Carolina.

In December 1862, the regiment was hastily ordered to Louisville, to counter a feared attack from John Hunt Morgan. In late January 1863, it was ordered to Nashville and then on to Franklin, TN. At Franklin, the 113th participated in several engagements with Confederate forces and helped to fortify the city. In September 1863, it marched to Chickamauga, to play an important role in battle. It was a bloody fight for the 113th with a loss of 138 officers and men out of 382.

The unit fought in the Army of the Cumberland with Sherman to the Battle of Bentonville where General Joseph Johnston surrendered.

They moved on to Washington in April and mustered out at Louisville, KY, July 6, 1865. In the War the Regiment saw 10 officers and 259 enlisted men killed or die of disease.

This archive provides interesting insight into the lives of a Midwestern farm family who were caught up in events of the Civil War. The archive contains numerous citations of relatives, friends and acquaintances trying to make their way through the war with many not succeeding.

The letters tell stories of men freezing to death on picket duty, an unfortunate soldier who was run over and killed by railway cars and the enormous amount of illness in the camps.

They also tell the stories of young men seeing a much bigger world than what they have ever known in rural Ohio. Daniel relates several interesting accounts: of becoming familiarized with immigrant soldiers, Co I is all Dutch and Irish and they are the hardest meanest set of men I ever saw…they are worse than hogs; his encounter with …a slave [woman] here in camp …[who] told me they sold her husband after they had been married for three years & took him South & she had never heard from him since. I think soldiering is nothing; the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation, the soldiers does not like the taste of Lincoln’s Proclamation…there has been about half dozen officers resigned. John felt the pangs of homesickness when writing, I often dream of home and all of you and what nice things you have there, and…I wake up [and] it is all a dream.

Another theme throughout the archive is the strong religious conviction of the Great Awakening in the US at that time. Apparently the family members were Masons but were also connected to the temperance and abolitionist group, the International Order of Good Templars. Particularly interesting is an exchange between mother Jemima and her sons. She writes, your mother has [prayed] for you every day since you have had a being…[but] let me tell you that there is nothing worth living for but the religion of Jesus…I am not afraid of you doing anything to disgrace yourselves…if you put your trust in the Lord you will come off conquerors. Daniel replies in his next letter, You need not be uneasy about me doing anything to disgrace myself or you for I have resolved to suffer death first. I will remember the oath I took in the Masonic Hall and I have been trying to live up to it. $1,500 - $2,500

92 Hosea Paul Sr., Surveyor and Early Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Settler, Civil War-Era Archive 94 Letters, 1840-1928, (bulk 1860-1865).

Born in Vermont, Hosea Paul Sr. (1809-1870) married Ellen Gamble in Canaan, VT in 1833. Hosea Sr. and Ellen settled in Cuyahoga Falls, OH and had seven children: Harrison (1835-1906), George (1837-1900), Mary (1839-1907), Robert (1842-1905), Hosea Jr. (1845-1920), Dwight (1848-1912), and Edward (1851-1906). Hosea Paul Sr. held a number of positions in Cuyahoga Falls, including Mayor. Active in surveying during the Civil War, Hosea Paul Sr. served as the chief of railroad location parties for the US Engineers 5th Division. During much of the war, he was based at Big Hill, KY and in 1864 he worked on surveying fortifications outside of Cincinnati. His son Robert worked for him

during this time as well, assisting with his surveying duties. Hosea Paul Sr. died in Cuyahoga Falls in 1870 and Hosea Paul Jr. continued his work as a surveyor and engineer in Cuyahoga County. While the majority of Hosea Paul Sr.’s correspondence is included in this lot, letters between Hosea Sr. and his family and friends can also be found in the proceeding Paul family archives offered as Lots 93-99.

This extensive archive contains correspondence and documentation dating from approx. 1840 until Hosea Sr.’s death in 1870, and includes a few papers from his son, Hosea Paul Jr. dating through 1928. The archive describes his life in Cuyahoga County as a surveyor, engineer, and his involvement in various county and town offices. Many of the early papers describe leases and projects in which he was involved, as well as his work as Mayor and County Surveyor. The papers also

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio contain letters from his brother-in-law, Harrison Gamble, seeking advice on buying land and looking for work. In 1863 Hosea Paul Jr. was appointed Deputy County Surveyor and he worked in that position while he was also serving in the Corps of Engineers. Hosea Paul Sr. was first appointed to the Corps of Engineers in 1860, and served on and off throughout the Civil War. By 1863 Hosea Sr. was regularly writing letters home to his family about his experiences working on the railroad during the war.

This archive as well as others from the Paul family features several examples of Civil War-dated letters between Hosea Sr. and his sons containing encrypted messages, presumably connected to the family’s wartime activities. While the letters are signed in the writer’s hand, the content is indecipherable.

One letter in particular provides a strong understanding of his experiences during the war. Hosea Sr. enjoyed the work but found it to be lonely. As an engineer he was an important asset and was continually called back into service. He wrote on February 26, 1864, I am sitting alone, in my tent, with the mountains, or rather the leaves are on fire on the mountains—in plain sight fire has been in sign, every night this two weeks and very beautiful they are the mountains nearly all around are some 6 or 700 ft high rising into peaks.

He also described his work in great detail: The old road crossed the branch red lick 8 times between the end of the Madison Pike + the Post at foot of By Hill, I have cut off the bends so as to save 4 croppings will cut of 2 more next week—in filling a crop the brook these teams destroy our bank almost as fast as we can make it. Some 50 teams have gone down today + there but perseverance will fill them at last, only 5 have broken their wagon tongues in this unfinished half mile today perhaps 10 or 15 would have done so, had we not partially worked it. Yesterday I opened for travel say 100 rods new road on the hill—and commenced covering it with lime rock today. I have 75 negroes 10 white cart drivers 5 overseers there is 1 supt + 1 engineer so we are fully officered for 4 times as many laborers—I

am anxious to come home awhile, but cannot yet do so—I am trying to have Major Mix let me send for Robert.

In the same letter, Hosea Sr. mentioned his living conditions: I keep a revolver near me at all time while about camp, although no one has troubled me at all but there is noisy-stealing. Robbery set around died if they know a man is well arrived they have a wholesome respect for him otherwise they have non...

As an experienced engineer, the job of building roads was very important, but it was difficult work that was hindered by the necessary movement of troops and people across Kentucky. Hosea Sr. did not get to visit his wife or have her come to see him as he hoped, but he continued to work for the Corps of Engineers on and off even after the war.

Source: A History of Cleveland and Its Environs, The Heart of New Connecticut Vol II. Biography Elroy McKendree Avery, 1918. $3,000 - $4,000

93 Prominent Ohio Attorney, Harrison D. Paul, Civil War-Era Archive 78 Letters, dating from 1857-1862, (bulk ca 1862-1866).

Born in Ohio to Hosea Paul and Ellen Gamble, Harrison (Harry) D. Paul (1835-1906) was the eldest child in the Paul family. He applied to West Point, although there is no record of him graduating. In 1857, he began a career in Cleveland as a law clerk. After a conflict with the firm, he worked as a travelling salesman for a period, selling reference books and encyclopedias, but he eventually settled in Cincinnati, beginning his own law firm. He took on various partners during the war and after. In 1862 he married Olivia Jewett, and they settled in Cincinnati.

Beginning in 1862, Harrison worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, leading regiments in building fortifications in the Ohio River Valley.

After the war, he settled with his wife in Cincinnati and started his own firm, and in 1867 they had a daughter, Elsie Paul.

Harrison’s letters offer a vivid description of Cincinnati and Cleveland in the time leading up to the Civil War, particularly once the war began.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio On May 15, 1861 he wrote to his father, The streets are full of military clothes will all kinds of folks inside of them, and all the theatres have closed. Dan Rice’s circus is in town but I understand it is not very well patronized…Colonel Anderson is expected here Friday, all the armed and equipped military companies propose to give him a reception. The descriptions that Harrison provided of Cincinnati and Cleveland gave an impression of cities that were significantly changed by the war, but whose citizens were attempting to live their regular lives. He spoke regularly of visiting with friends and attending church, while also discussing military parades and updates in the war. On June 15, 1861, Harrison went to Camp Dennison for two days, which was before he had officially started working for the engineers. He described the camp in detail and drew a picture of the arrangement of tents.

Harrison wrote, Camp Dennison is composed of shanties of rough pine boards, each shanty about 12 x 18 and say eight feet high, seven such one allowed to each company for the privates and non Commissioned officers, and one for Commissioned officers. There are in addition the Hospital Field Officer and quartermasters and Guard House shanties to each regiment.

His letters provide a distinctive view of the camps early in the war and the experience of a soldier in those camps. He also describes the food

and daily schedule, The rations are bread, meat, beef and pork. Beans, rice, sugar, coffee, vinegar, salt and sometimes vegetables instead of the beans or rice. The regulations of the Guthrie Grey Regiment are Roll call.

Breakfast at 7 A.M. Squad drill 9 to 11. Company drill 2 to 4 pm. Dinner 12 pm. Dress parade regimental 6 P.M. after that supper…when all the lights are required to be put out and the soldiers are supposed to go to bed.

The camp experience that Harrison describes does not show soldiers in active duty, but instead preparing for the war to come north to them. He describes the mischief that soldiers got into while living in the camps after saying they were meant to have lights out following supper … which however they don’t do for some time but prepare for stealing chickens shooting pigs + after which some of these have become very adept especially the men of Co. A. Guthries who are among the first boys of the city, a Guthrie (helping) in front of one of the other regiments is saluted with Who stole the chickens? Guthrie Greys!! Who killed the widow womans cow? Guthrie Greys!!...These vibrant passages provide a strong sense of an Ohio soldier’s life in camp, and while Harrison’s letters do not include a great deal of detailed information about his own time in the Corps of Engineers, they contain a strong, descriptive voice. $2,000 - $3,000

94 Civil War Archive of Naval Engineer, George S. Paul 124 letters, CDV of soldier in uniform, possibly George S. Paul, and paperwork related to engineering business, 1861-1898, (bulk 18611863).

George S. Paul (1837-1900) was the second oldest child of Hosea Paul Sr. and Ellen Gamble. Before the Civil War, he worked in New York City, Philadelphia, and Wilmington, DE, as an engineer and ship builder, and was involved with other mechanical projects. In 1863, he joined the crew of the USS Paul Jones, a gunboat commissioned in Baltimore, MD. George subsequently served on the ironclad USS Nahant, the ironclad USS Nantucket, and the gunboat USS Sonoma. George served as an engineer on all of the vessels, and spent most of the war off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Most notably, he participated in the blockade of Charleston and the Battle of Tulifinny. He considered

continuing to work in the navy after the war, but returned to Ohio and began working as an engineer for the railroad. He married Olive Babcock and moved to Iowa, where he was employed by the railroad as an engineer. After their time in Iowa, George and Olive settled in Cuyahoga Falls, OH, where he worked as a civil engineer with his brothers.

The collection of letters chronicles in great detail George Paul’s experiences in the navy, as well as his experiences working on ships in New York and Wilmington before he joined the war. While living in New York in 1861 or 1862, he wrote about a military parade, There were some ten or a dozen regiments in all. The seventh and a regiment of school boys in zouave dress were the most noticeable…the Zouaves wore blue jackets and red pantaloons coming to just below the knee…some Zouaves that are now in the U.S. Service wear a kind of a red petticoat

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio which is sewed up at the bottoms all excepting places for the legs to stick through. In this letter, he also drew a picture of the type of cap worn by the Zouaves. Other letters from this period of George’s life feature descriptions of his boarding house, women he met, and seeing a hippopotamus for the first time. While working in New York, he considered entering the army or navy as an engineer, and discussed moving west or back to Ohio in order to make more money.

In October 1861, George went to Philadelphia to take the U.S. Navy engineering test, and his description offers a clear look at that experience:Reported to the Commandant of the yard. He signed my permit to go before the Surgeon who examined me yesterday and Reported me physically qualified to become an Engineer in the U.S.N. I then took my report to the chief of examiners who put my name down on the list to be examined. He said my number was forty six; and I could not be examined for two weeks yet… There are about eighty third assistants required so I stand a very good chance now to get into service as soon as examined (that is if I pass). The examination is very strict a person has to be a good penman and has to have a perfect scientific knowledge of the steam engine. George did not pass the examination, so he went to Wilmington to find work building ships. In reference to the exam, he said, But take it all round I think I have not lost anything in the long run. I know now very well what a man ought to know and before I did not. In Wilmington, he was hired by the government. George stayed in Wilmington through the fall of 1862 and early winter of 1863. In January 1863, he was ordered by the chief of the gunship Juniata to join the crew, and he worked on the gunship during the trial trips.

He was then ordered to the U.S. Navy as Third Assistant Engineer. He spent his time awaiting orders to be assigned to a ship, studying, and visiting with ladies. George finally joined a ship in March 1863 and initially reported to the gunboat, USS Paul Jones.

The Paul Jones was best known for its involvement in the blockade of Charleston and capturing blockade runners. While George was on the Paul Jones, he wrote to his family and described his experiences.

On April 19, 1863 he wrote, The P.J. started for them but they made for the shore, but we wanted to draw fire from the batteries on shore, so we went to within a mile and three quarters of the shore firing our one hundred lb. Parrot and they firing their short range guns so as to make us believe they could not reach us, but when we got into good range for their Blakely they sent a couple of good sized shot through our rigging…

Blockading is a dismal business. Just before dark each Vessel takes its position. Every man get his guns and arms etc. ready… All our lights are put out, not even a light allowed in our Engine room, so everything looks dark enough. Then we take our position for the night. In the same letter, he wrote on April 22, Since writing the above, we went down to keep the Rebs. Off the Kiokuk, and after remaining in range a while, we saw the Rebel ram Chicora begin to make a good deal of smoke off Sumter and then begin to steam down towards us. Some of us began to think it was a big thing to stay, give her one or two long range shots anyhow. So we signalized the Ironsides that a ram was coming out and lay there at anchor waiting to see what she was going to do… Then we fixed our fifty again, hit pretty near her and then the Ironsides called us away...So we up anchor and left one way, and the ram ran back to C. She is shaped like this. –Drawing of the Ram—So we are the first wooden Vessel that has engaged their batteries or that has stood the ram. Night before last we tipped anchor and give chase to something which was afterwards caught by the Powhatan. It proved to be a small schooner loaded cotton and was worth about sixty five thousand dollars, and about the same time we saw the Housatonic come in with a Sloop. The two were worth about $75,000 (this is likely the Major E. Willis).

By January 1864, George was transferred to the Ironclad Nahant. He wrote to his family on January 6, In an Ironclad everything is under water and the men mess and sleep in the next room to the boardroom and at this time they are making considerable racket as they have got up a walk around dance and are playing “Dixie” on two violins and the bones. So you can imagine what kind of a noise we have got… The waves run over everything but the turret but that is nothing as it does not make any. Everything is made for it. In perfectly smooth water the deck is about eighteen inches out of water. George Paul expected to hate working on the ironclad, but he found it much more pleasant than he 68

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initially thought it would be. Much of the work involved picket duty, a dangerous job where an advance group of soldiers would prepare for the large forces to arrive.

In May 1864, he wrote, We were doing nothing but Picket duty two nights on and four off, but that is not any different from other duty only we have to sleep with our clothes on and when we go on picket we lay about a mile and a half from Fort Moultrie and about one mile from Sumter. We are so close that we can see everything that occurs with a glass and have an excellent view of the Rebs…I do not think there have been as many shells in the air at one time since the war began, and as we were on Picket and the shot were all discharged at Gregg, they passed not far from over us and such a howling. They were none of your thirty two pounders but a great many were large sized mortars and guns of the largest caliber. At first I did not know but they might give us a touch, as we were in such easy range, so I kept near the Turret so I could easily dodge behind it in case of any danger.

George’s final appointment of the war was on the USS Sonoma, where he participated in the Battle of Tulifinney, a Union naval force that landed Union army troops and marines in South Carolina in order to cut the railroad connection between Savannah and Charleston. He wrote: Since I last wrote you our troops have sanded up on the left bank of the Tulifinney and have had two days fighting. Both days we drove the Rebs and we are now within less than ½ mile from the R.R. On the day of the second fight I went to the front to see a little army fighting during my stay. There were quite a number killed and wounded and the killed and wounded probably amounted to some four or five hundred. We have taken a few prisoners but they do not seem to know much Sherman. For several nights back we have seen the “fire balloons” sent but we suppose that the Rebs are doing it in order to decoy us. The S. will leave here in a few days in order to coal ship. When I was ashore the other day I saw the Surgeons carve Col. Sellmans leg about halfway from the knee to the thigh. They seem to enjoy a good job of that kind and some of them keep their knife in their teeth the same as a butcher does when he is dressing a hog, and none that I saw took the trouble to wash their hands when they went to dinner. Several of my acquaintances were wounded, but none dangerously. This was the most important battle in which George participated during the war, and the passages represent a series of letters he wrote to his family describing battle conditions and experiences.

After the war, George wrote of the funeral services for Lincoln while he was still serving aboard the Sonoma in Fernandina, FL, on April 24th: Well I have turned up in this miserable and forsaken place we came in here on the 18th having attended the flag raising on Sumter which was a very nice affair the next morning much to my disgust we were ordered away down to this place but I do not go ashore here very much as there is not any body here…Yesterday we had Lincolns funeral sermon with all the variation but as there was no minister in the place the preaching or speaching had to be done by a lot of broken down lawyers…I am soon going to apply to go North as I am getting tired of this place ship and everything else connected with the Navy we seldom get a mail here sometimes the people have been six months without a mail. Before this place was quite a place but now it is a deserted city as I ever was every in in my life then there was once some very respectable people here but now they are scared. By September 1865, he returned to Philadelphia and began working with his brothers Hosea and Robert Paul.

The remainder of the collection is comprised of correspondence related to George’s life after the war, including his time working on the railroad in Iowa, his duties as an engineer in Ohio, and continued work with his brothers. $5,000 - $7,000

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95 Civil War Engineer, Robert S. Paul, Manuscript Archive 50 Letters, 1860-1907, (bulk 1862-1866).

Robert S. Paul (1843-1905) was a member of the Army Corps of Engineers during the Civil War, based out of Cincinnati, Ohio. He was the third son of Hosea Paul and Ellen Gamble from Cuyahoga, Ohio.

Hosea Sr., Hosea Jr. and Robert all worked as surveyors and engineers, and at age 19 Robert joined the Civil War. Robert S. Paul worked in the Civil War as a part of the Army Corps of Engineers supply companies in Cincinnati. According to the application of his widow in 1907 for a new discharge certificate, he was in charge of the quartermasters and commissary stores and also in the engineering department or corps. The collection contains letters with direct orders from James Hervey Simpson, with instructions regarding supplies. Robert’s brother Harrison was the leader of multiple companies and was responsible for building fortifications around Cincinnati. Some of the most interesting parts of the collection describe Robert’s experiences in Cincinnati. He has a very strong point of view, and describes his disappointment with seeing the city where he was stationed.

In August 1862 he arrived in Cincinnati, and wrote to his parents of the problems the city had with enlistment, as there was a large and vocal secessionist community. He also said, This city is very dirty, when I got here it was about 6 o’clock in the morning and I could see the city for the smoke if Pittsburg is any smokier and dirtier it must be pretty dirty. On August 25 he wrote, Cincinnati is not a very pretty place it is so dirty and hot and no trees. Cleveland is a very pretty place Cincinnati cannot be compared to at all, but Cincinnati has very fine buildings…

Brick houses with no blind fences or trees. That month he also wrote, I am getting settled down here but still I do not like the place very well. I should think this would be called the hog city for I saw a drove of hogs, several thousand I should think passing through one of the principal streets. On September 14, Robert noted that there was a great influx of squirrel hunters for a few days past but I hear they are going home as fast as they

can as there are over 75,000 troops here to fight the whole. The “squirrel hunters” were local militia volunteers who were instructed to defend Cincinnati from September 1-13, 1862 when it was threatened

by Confederate forces. After this attack, the fortifications around Cincinnati were increased significantly, and Robert participated in that process.

Many of his letters describe the work his brother Harrison was doing with the assistance of the brigades that he commanded. On October 17, 1862 from Camp Shaler, Robert described the arrival of General George Washington Morgan into camp, after his retreat from the forces of Col. John H. Morgan, A day or two ago one brigade of Gen. Morgan’s army from Cumberland Gap came into Covington. They were rigged out in all the pomp and pride of glorious war over the left any one seeing them could exclaim “Who would not be a soldier boy.” Well I never in all my life saw a more ragged, gaunt, famine stricken set of men in all my life. Let me describe the company of them. In the first rank the first man has on a straw hat without a brim his hair and whiskers one of six months growth he has a linen coat+ a pair of Kentucky jean pants so dirty and torn that you could not tell what color they originally were…

Robert Paul’s colorful language shows an extremely cynical view of the war effort, but provides wonderful understanding of the Ohio Valley during this period.

This archive as well as others from the Paul family also features several examples of Civil War-dated letters between Robert and his father and brothers containing encrypted messages, presumably connected to the family’s wartime activities. While the letters are signed in the writer’s hand, the content is indecipherable.

After returning from the war, Robert got married in 1873 and fathered five children. He died in 1905 in Akron, OH. After the war, one of his major interests was working with the Cuyahoga Falls Literary Club, and most of the post-Civil War letters are related to membership in the club. $2,500 - $3,500

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96 Hosea Paul, Jr., Surveyor and Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Recorder, Civil War-Era and Post-War Archive 60 Letters, 1856-1912, (bulk ca 1863-1865).

Hosea Paul Jr. (1845-1923) served in the United States Christian Commission relief organization from 1864-1865, during which time he was primarily stationed in City Point, VA with the Army of the Potomac. After the war, he became a surveyor, county recorder, and civil engineer in Ohio and throughout the Ohio River Valley. He married Emma Plum in 1875 and worked with his brothers at H. Paul & Co. survey firm. Hosea Paul Jr. came from a long line of engineers and surveyors. His father Hosea Paul Sr. (1809-1870) was a civil engineer and the surveyor of Summit County, and worked with the Army Corps of Engineers during the Civil War. Hosea Paul Jr. was a prominent member of the community in Cuyahoga Falls and Summit County, OH, and worked closely with the mayors of Cleveland, building an exceptional reputation as a surveyor and government official.

This archive contains letters written primarily between 1863 and 1865. There is a particularly interesting selection of letters to and from Hosea Paul Sr., including a number of letters from the Army Corps of Engineers to Hosea Paul Sr. with orders and information about projects that he was ordered to work on during his appointment. He was primarily stationed in Ohio, and worked closely with a number of important members of the Army Corps. Additional letters from Hosea Paul Sr. appear in other archives connected with the Paul family, as he was a constant correspondent with his children and wife.

Hosea Paul Jr. wrote a series of letters to his family describing the conditions in City Point, VA. On September 18, 1864, he wrote to his parents regarding his observations, People down here seem to be more confident of final success than they are in the north, yet also some of the “victories” we gain are losing operations, for instance the 2nd Corps was it got the worst of it decidedly at Ream’s Station some weeks ago, and many regiments acted very cowardly. A few mornings since a rebel “race” was made into our picket lines + come within 3 or 4 mines of here +capture +drove of 2500 cattle they wanted the cattle or else they could have scared City Point very much. A cavalry force was sent in pursuit but was too late.

These vignettes describing his time at City Point provide an excellent illustration of the experience of a civilian in the war, particularly the perspective of a very young man.

This archive as well as others from the Paul family features several examples of Civil War-dated letters between Hosea Jr. and his father and brothers containing encrypted messages, presumably connected to the family’s wartime activities. While the letters are signed in the writer’s hand, the content is indecipherable.

As a part of his work, Hosea Jr. was closely associated with the reporter Sylvanus Cadwallader, a war correspondent for the Chicago Times and a family connection. In a letter on September 15, 1864 to his father, he wrote about Cadwallader’s reporting. In order to report full information, he had a correspondent assigned to each corps and each cavalry division. Their reports arrived in Cadwallader’s hands in the morning, and he either edited them or sent them directly to Baltimore via messenger where they were forwarded to the Herald. Some news bulletins were sent to Washington or telegraphed out from Baltimore.

Hosea’s Uncle, Daniel Paul was responsible for carrying the dispatches to Baltimore, and he felt comfortable seeing friends from Ohio. $1,000 - $2,000

97 William “Rattle” Plum, Author of the The Military Telegraph During the Civil War, Manuscript Archive 18 letters, ca 1861-1864.

William Rattle Plum (1845-1927) was born in Cuyahoga Falls, OH and was a friend to Robert S. Paul and a member of the Cuyahoga Falls Literary Club. In 1862, at the age of 16 he volunteered as a telegrapher for the Union Army. He had been working for the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad as a telegraph operator before he joined the war effort. After the war, he entered Yale Law School and graduated before marrying Helen Williams and moving to Lombard, IL in 1868. He became a successful lawyer, an active member of the town of Lombard and a horticulturalist. In 1882, Plum wrote a book entitled The Military Telegraph During the Civil War in the United States, describing his experiences. After his death in 1927, his will created a public library in his family home in Lombard, now called the Helen M. Plum Memorial Library. (Biography from Find a Grave written by Gerry Rader Watts.)

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio The letters from William R. Plum to Robert S. Paul contain numerous stories of Plum’s experiences as a telegraph operator during the war and returning home to see his friends and family during breaks.

Plum was based in Nashville, Smithland, KY, Whitesides, TN, and Fort Donelson, TN during the war, under the command of Generals William S. Rosecrans and George H. Thomas in the Army of the Cumberland.

His position as a telegraph operator was difficult, and he wrote to Robert Paul throughout his service with complaints and concerns, in addition to noting items and places of interest.

Prior to joining the army, Plum also wrote regularly while working with the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. He wrote on March 30, 1861, I have a great many telegraph messages I never have had to carry any to the centre. My messages are mostly about RR business I have learned to keep the Post Office, State in Books, make acct all many bills + a host of little things…doing all these things at a time is no little share. He was enjoying the work but was learning quite a bit and was very busy.

In one particularly interesting letter from May 25, 1861, he wrote to Robert, expressing his thoughts about the war: I am going to join that corpse [sic] of telegraph oprs if I can, possible I would be in my glory then think I would make a good spy as I could go into telegraph offices + listen

to all that was going on + they would not suspect me. There is nothing going on here I get most all news long before it is printed.

Once Plum joined the telegraph corps he began to write about his work and his experiences with the Army of the Cumberland. On April 29, 1862 he wrote, Our boys are planning out a real scientific campaign of this war we have good old heads going. This is the neatest managed war I have ever heard of bully for McClellan and others we will bag the …New Orleans is ours and the dirty operators left before the town was besieged without giving us any of the particulars. In February 1863, he wrote to Robert about Robert’s reluctance to join the war as a soldier, My patriotism, as it ever was firm so it is even now resolute, determined + inflexible as loyalty can make it…Rosecrans has a brilliant army which only needs ill toned letters from home to demoralize them + cannot the old men whose sons are at war for them control the element of discord at home + will they not try a few more victories for us… The letters also describe his trouble getting a commission and the difficulty and long hours involved in his work, plus his many hours of travel on horseback.

In 1864, Plum entered Yale Law School, but continued to work as a telegraph operator at night. $600 - $800

98 Civil War-Era Correspondence with Robert S. Paul from Friends, Incl. Kenyon College Student, Daniel W. Cox 27 letters written to Robert S. Paul from friends, Daniel W. Cox and J.G. Watson, ca 1860-1868, plus CDV. From 1862 to 1868, Robert S. Paul regularly corresponded with two of his friends from Cuyahoga Falls, OH. Daniel W. Cox began his education at Kenyon College in Gambier, OH in 1862 and continued to attend throughout his wartime correspondence with Robert.

Cox wrote mostly about his experiences at Kenyon, studying with other students and working hard. However, as the years went on, he became more and more interested in the philosophical questions behind the Civil War. On April 18, 1863, he wrote to Robert, And to maintain the government and the constitution in this civil war, are we not paying a fearful price? Fearful it is indeed: but much rather would I see our once beloved land overrun with war and its attendant evils than to see it submit without a struggle to the impious government so called of the Southern confederacy. To be trampled beneath the feet by the bloodthirsty traitors of the South would be worse for our land, our privilege moral and political and for society in general than to try by armed forces to put down the Rebellion. In a letter dated May 3, he wrote to Robert, Now the different races do not materially differ in their ideas of freedom and

independence from our own. In the same letter, he also wrote about the Vallandigham Vorrhees Cox Rally, stating, How I do detest, despise and …these men who call themselves Butternuts and cry peace upon any condition whatsoever. They would have us throw down our arms into the very face of the enemy and quietly submit to whatever may be the will of our foes. The archive also includes an 1863 examination paper for the Junior Class at Christmas term. It was a complicated set of questions in Classics given by John Trimble, Examiner.

The three letters from J.G. Watson to Robert were filled more with news of home and his family, with one letter from September 14, 1862, describing a meeting he had with another friend who was travelling through St. Paul and saw a women and two children who had been scalped. He also reports on another friend who had received a commission and was leading 87 members of an Iowa brigade.

The chatty letters provide updates on the experience at home in Cuyahoga Falls and reports on a number of their friends.

Lastly, the archive contains one letter dated July 6th, 1868, from Harrison Paul’s wife Olivia Jewett Paul, informing Robert that Harry was very ill, and asking him to look for a home for them. $800 - $1,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Ohio 99 Paul Family, Correspondence with Mother and Daughter, Mary and Ellen, Including Temperance and Suffrage Content 52 items, including deeds, tax forms, tickets, books of poems, pamphlets and other writings, ca 1829-1906.

This archive primarily contains the letters of Mary Paul (1837-1907) and her mother Ellen Gamble Paul. Ellen Gamble Paul (1813-1889) was born in Ireland, married her husband Hosea (Sr.) in Vermont, and eventually moved to Ohio in the early 1830s. Mary was the only daughter and second oldest child of Ellen Gamble and Hosea Paul Sr. Much of the Civil War-era correspondence from the men in the Paul family was addressed to Mary, and this group of letters continues to demonstrate her strong relationship with her siblings and parents.

Mary remained in Cuyahoga Falls until her death in 1907 and never married. She was extremely involved in local political and social causes, and maintained regular correspondence with her extended family.

The papers of the women in the Paul family provide a perspective that differs from the extensive collection of papers written by the male members of the family. Ellen Gamble Paul wrote frequently to her children, husband, extended family, and friends throughout her life.

The collection contains letters from 1829-1906, with a concentration from the 1860s-1880s. Many of the letters contain updates on family and friends and visits, and letters apologizing for the deaths of Hosea in 1870 and Ellen in 1889. A piece of noteworthy correspondence includes a letter from Harrison Gamble referencing the death of Ellen’s mother, dated November 15, 1856.

Ellen wrote to one of her sons in an undated letter, likely from 1864, I am sorry that George is on Ironclads. It is quite an honor to be applied for but he did not see it in that light especially when applied for on board of an Iron Clad. I think it a poor honor myself. I hope you will get something to do and not have to go south. We have all the milk and butter we need.

Our house is very cold we keep but one fire…weather is cold…we were very much surprised to see your Uncle Daniel. I think he was very kind to come. He thinks your father must be very lonesome. This letter, like others in the collection, demonstrates Ellen and Mary’s thoughts and concerns for the men in their family while travelling throughout the Civil War. The family correspondence included in the archive continues after the war. On September 18th, 1871, Olive, the wife of Harrison Paul, wrote from Waterloo, IA, about a postmistress, Here the Postmaster is a Mistress and it is said she never made a mistake and seems to give entire satisfaction; she is an “old maid” though not very old; has a sister and a brother with her. When I first came here the P.O. was in a little old building, but a nice stone block was being built, and now they have moved into the new one. The “old maid” owns half of the block, so you see that a woman can get rich here.

Mary and Ellen were also quite involved in a variety of causes, including temperance and suffrage. The mother and daughter penned a number of “letters to the editor” and essays on topics that were important to them. Mary also wrote poetry with a small circle of women. In an undated “letter to the editor,” Ellen wrote of men swearing, expressing strong words against the act…indeed we often meet with those who can scarcely open their mouth without some vile oath will issue therefrom.

In 1906, Harriet Taylor Upton wrote to Mary, asking her to attend the 21st convention of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, The suffrage sentiment in the state has doubled in the last two or three years, and the fact that bodies of politicians and reformers are endorsing us leads us to believe that the day of our freedom is near at hand. I have begun to feel that those of us who believe must draw nearer together, that we may each encourage the other. It is for this reason I am writing, urging you to be with us.

Overall, this archive offers a unique view of the home and public lives of women during the Civil War-era through the late 19th century. $500 - $700

THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Michigan 100 Lt. Colonel Frederick Schneider, 2nd Michigan Infantry, WIA and POW, Letters Written from Libby and Danville Prisons, Plus Related Belongings Small collection of Civil War and post-war memorabilia of Col. Frederick Schneider and family, including two Civil War-date letters, written from the notorious Libby and Danville POW camps, November 1864; a Muster Roll; printed broadside for the play Union Spy, in which Schneider played a role; 15 clippings from various publications, mainly pictures of identified members of the Michigan 2nd Infantry; 11 photos of family members, the family home, and other unknown locations. Also included is what appears to be a draft letter authored

by Schneider’s surviving daughter Elizabeth Helen, outlining the history of their home with information about the colonel and family.

Frederick Schneider was born in Saline, MI, November 24,1840, son of Peter and Mary Ruehle Schneider. The elder Schneider was a farmer and local businessman who moved his family to Detroit when Frederick was three. After graduating from Bryant and Stratton’s Commercial College, he went to work as a shipping clerk and traveling agent for a wholesale grocer in Chicago.

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THE CIVIL WAR | Autographs & Manuscripts | Michigan With Lincoln’s first call for troops, Schneider enlisted as a private on April 18,1861 for a three-month term. Having had earlier military training, he was promoted to corporal and then sergeant in short order. He was mustered into U.S. service as a sergeant on May 25, 1861 with the 2nd Michigan Infantry.

Schneider served with this regiment throughout the war. He was wounded twice in battle, and seriously injured once while on march.

He was taken prisoner three times, escaping twice. On the third time he was held as a prisoner of war at Petersburg, Libby Prison, Salisbury Stockade, and Danville, finally being exchanged in 1864.

Col. Schneider held nearly every position in the regiment during its term of service, from private to colonel, and was the last commander of the 2nd MI. He remained at this post until being mustered out with his regiment July 28, 1865.

Following the war, Schneider married Elizabeth Strengson, a Germanborn immigrant, in August 1865, and they had five children with only one son and one daughter surviving to adulthood. He worked as the chief of the Abstract Department for the State of Michigan through December 1890 and then went into business for himself.

The Schneider residence, which is now a historic building in Lansing, is featured in a draft letter and picture in this collection. Colonel Schneider died November 4, 1917 in Lansing and is buried at Mt. Hope Cemetery.

The 2nd MI Infantry was organized by Francis W. Kellogg at Fort Wayne, in Detroit, MI, in April 1861 and mustered into Federal service for a three-year enlistment on May 25, 1861.

The 2nd MI left for the front on June 5 and helped take up the defenses of Washington. It was engaged at Blackburn’s ford, and covered the retreat from Bull Run three days later. From this point forward, the 2nd MI saw heavy fighting for the rest of the war. It fought in the Peninsula Campaign, Second Bull Run and Chantilly in the Eastern Theater. In June 1863, it joined Grant’s army in Mississippi and participated in the siege of Vicksburg and the assault on Jackson, MS in July. The regiment rejoined the Army of the Potomac the following year and participated in the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, and the first assaults on Petersburg, Hatcher’s Run. They were in the trenches before Petersburg during the winter and aided in its capture in April 1865. The 2nd MI participated in the Grand Review at Washington and was mustered out on July 28, 1865.

Schneider’s 1864 POW letters, the first from Libby Prison, dated Nov. 3, the second from Danville Prison, dated Nov. 23, were written to his parents from the prison camps and only contained minimal information, such as…I’m well and a prisoner of War…Prisoners of War do not write more than one page nor seal the envelope. Do not feel disturbed about me. Give my love to all at home. Given the terrible conditions of the prison camps and the miseries of the war in general, this could hardly have been of much comfort to worried parents. $600 - $800

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THE CIVIL WAR | Broadsides & Other Imprints

101 Exceptionally Rare Group of Bleeding Kansas Broadsides A group of 3 printed broadsides produced during “Bleeding Kansas,” capturing heightened tensions between residents and forceful responses by a governor determined to regain law and order.

Between 1854 and 1861 the territory of Kansas resembled a battlefield more than a peaceful plain. “Bleeding Kansas” was the result of overflowing tensions caused by debates over the admission of more slave states into the Union. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1853 intended to qualm the dispute by allowing residents to decide their status based on popular sovereignty. Instead, the decision incited a massive ingress of people hoping to impact the outcome by any means necessary. Conflicts during “Bleeding Kansas” were not necessarily resolved in 1861 but relocated onto actual battlefields during the Civil War. It finally ended with the victory of the Union Army and the abolition of slavery in all states.

The first broadside, possibly distributed at a town meeting, is titled a Charter of the City of Lawrence, created by local officials. It includes a message from five concerned citizens voicing their reasons for

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wanting to establish a city government. A disgruntled Kansas resident scrawls on the back, we have 400 troops quartered in our midst, good time coming Walker is the greatest Ass of the present age. 11 x 17 in.

In a more flattering tone, the second broadside’s dramatic heading reads, THREE CHEERS FOR THE PACIFICATOR. HURRAH FOR GOVERNOR WALKER! The issue of The Lawrence Republican.—Extra praises Walker for the charter and adds a copy of his first proclamation where he explains the status of the charter and the power by the local government. 8 x 19 in.

Mocking Governor Walker, the opposition printed Proclamation No. 2, an overly dramatic letter from a Big Stranger warning Rebellious Subjects of Lawrence of the government troops that were poised to intervene.

At 3 a.m. on July 17, 1857, the leering “Big Stranger” writes, I have now approached to within a few miles of your city. Anxious still, if possible, to prevent the effusion of blood, and to win you back the allegiance to the laws of the land...I am at the head of eight companies of United States troops, and shall soon be in your midst...signed [as if he were a tyrannical Roman emperor] Robertus J. Walkerus. 8 x 18 in. $8,000 - $10,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Broadsides & Other Imprints 102 Early Texas Broadside Mentioning Simeon Hart, 1862 Printed broadside, 8.5 x 12.25 in., berating a local merchant, Simeon Hart, for selling bacon to the enemy. After the 1861 secession of Texas, the ignominious poltroon reportedly obtained 49,000 lbs. of bacon meant for U.S. Federal Troops in New Mexico. Outraged citizens, rose en masse with guns and other fire arms, and demanded the bacon not be delivered to the enemy. Hart ignored his fellow Texans and completed the nefarious transaction, which impelled Herbert to write the scathing article. Produced by P.T. Herbert of El Paso, TX, 1862. Framed, 13 x 17 in. A typed inscription on the mat reads, From the personal papers of the Honorable Alexander Stephens, but this provenance cannot be confirmed.

Simeon Hart (1816-1874) was one of the most successful flour merchants and the wealthiest citizen of El Paso due to his lucrative contracts with the military. Contrary to his decision to sell the bacon to Union soldiers, he was a staunch secessionist and pro-Southerner.

He was a part of a land slide group that voted in favor of Texas leaving the Union. Only two votes lobbied against the decision. After the vote Hart shouted when one of his many enemies, anti-secessionist, W.W. Mills, entered the saloon, “Champagne for the secessionists and the noose for all Unionists!” W.W. Mills sought revenge on Herbert and attempted to cease all of his assets. Herbert’s other enemy, Philemon T. Herbert, also had a very dangerous temper and taste for revenge.

Philemon T. Herbert (1825–1864), the author of the broadside, was an active politician and “Southern Gentleman” with a checkered past. In 1845 he left his home state of Alabama for Texas after the University of Alabama suspended him for stabbing a student. Five years later he moved to California and became its senator. He had to abandon his political career after he shot and killed an Irish waiter in a D.C. hotel. Ruined, he retreated back to Texas to mine and practice law. He reentered politics and served as a delegate at the Secession Convention. When the war began he enlisted as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army. He died in the battle of Mansfield. $500 - $1,000

103 Civil War Recruitment Broadside, Hamilton Light Artillery, Flushing, New York Printed broadside, 11 x 15 in., headed Recruits WANTED for the Hamilton Light Artillery!, posted and distributed to able-bodied men in Flushing, NY. The broadside informs men that they will receive an increased amount of $14 a month for their service that will commence immediately on signing the Roll. Dated August 28, 1861.

Capt. Thomas L. Robinson commanded the Hamilton Light Artillery, which was a part of the 34th NY Independent Battery. After organizing, the regiment was sent to Camp Marshall in Washington with specific orders to defend it. The first regiment served for three years. The second regiment of this division fought at the Battle of Chancellorsville and Petersburg. On June 21, 1865 the company mustered out at Hart’s Island in New York Harbor. $1,500 - $2,500

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THE CIVIL WAR | Broadsides & Other Imprints

104 Civil War, Double-Sided Recruiting Broadside, All Slaves Were Made Freemen by Abraham Lincoln, January 1863 Brilliant, chromolithographic double-sided broadside, 8.125 x 10 in., distributed in captured areas of the South and the North-East to encourage recently emancipated or freed slaves to join the Union Army. The verso reads: ALL SLAVES WERE MADE FREEMEN BY ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1st 1863. Come then able Bodied COLORED MEN to the Nearest United States Camp, and Fight for the STARS AND STRIPES. A smaller version of a larger poster.

Printed on recto of the broadside is a proud soldier brandishing a sword and American flag with an inscribed banner, Freedom to the Slave. On the horizon, a long line of men of the U.S. Regt. Colored Troops march towards battle while desperate slaves on their hands and knees raise their shackled hands, begging a second Union soldier (possibly African American) to release them from bondage. On the left, an African American man sits beside his plow, reading a newspaper while a crowd of African American children walk towards a public school and church steeple.

Recent scholarship suggests that Fredrick Douglass authored the text for this broadside. Since the beginning of the war, Fredrick Douglass encouraged African Americans to join the cause. After the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) Douglass wrote to African American men, “You are a member of a long enslaved and despised race.

Men have set down your submission to Slavery and insult, to a lack of

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manly courage. They point to this fact as demonstrating your fitness only to be a servile class. You should enlist and disprove the slander, and wipe out the reproach. When you shall be seen nobly defending the liberties of you own country against rebels and traitors — brass itself will blush to use such arguments imputing cowardice against you.”

William Gladstone Collection of Early Photography & African Americana $6,000 - $8,000

verso detail

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THE CIVIL WAR | Broadsides & Other Imprints 105 Civil War Draft Substitute Voucher, 1864 Partially printed document stating that Richard L. Chambers of Newark, New Jersey furnished an acceptable substitute who has been duly enlisted. Dated June 9, 1864. 8.5 x 5 in.

The number of soldiers enlisting to fight in the Civil War dangerously waned as early as 1862. Unable to meet their draft quotas, desperate states searched for a solution. Congress passed the Enrollment Act in 1863 that conscripted all male citizens and immigrants who applied for citizenship between ages 25 and 45. Reluctant men paid $300 for willing substitutes. By the summer, over 26,000 participants had been purchased. Many families unable to pay the fee grew tired of sending their boys to slaughter. Governor of New York Horatio Seymour rattled against the Act at a public meeting. He shouted, “the bloody and treasonable and revolutionary document of public necessity can be proclaimed by a mob as well as a government.” On July 13, 1863, nine days after his speech, a horde of infuriated New Yorkers exacted vengeance against the draft. They burned and beat their way through the city for 4 days. It was the bloodiest outbreak of civil disorder in American history. $500 - $700

106 Notes on the Rebel Invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania and Battle of Gettysburg with Map Jacobs, M. Notes on the Rebel Invasion of Maryland, Pennsylvania and the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1863. Accompanied by an Explanatory Map. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1864. 12mo, brown cloth with gilt front lettering, folding map in front, 11.75 x 17.5 in., 47pp text. Presented in a “day-by-day” format from Saturday, June 20, just after Chancellorsville, through the third day of Gettysburg, Friday, July 3.

The Introduction by Charles Krauth asserts: The account of the battles at Gettysburg, prepared by the Rev. Dr. Jacobs, Professor of Mathematics in Pennsylvania College, will take a place among historical documents of high permanent value. It is the record of an eye-witness, made, in large part, while the scenes he describes were passing before him. The author is distinguished as an acute observer, as a man of clear judgment and of great conscientiousness, who is not only scrupulous as to the substance of his statements, but cautious in their tone and coloring. His chronicle will be found a chronicle of facts. What he knows is carefully sifted from what he conjectures: of the former we have much, of the latter almost nothing. The sequence of parts, and the internal relations of the terrible struggle at Gettysburg, are presented by Professor Jacobs with a fidelity and simplicity which render his narrative pre-eminent

THE CIVIL WAR | Maps

among the very many accounts of the battles which have been written.

The chart, formed upon actual measurements, is of great value; and it will be found that the historical notes, to which it is a companion, are marked like it by that spirit of mathematical precision which is indispensable in military history.... (pp iii-iv) $500 - $700

107 Jedediah Hotchkiss, Famed Confederate Mapmaker for Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, Original Map Ink and watercolor map, approx. 8 x 5 in. (sight), by Jedediah Hotchkiss (1828-1899), drawn soon after the Civil War. The map was previously part of a recently discovered bound report that included surveys and maps of a large parcel of land in Virginia, created by Hotchkiss in 1872.

Hotchkiss was a cartographer whose maps contributed to the success of Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign of 1862. Maps were vital sources of information that helped generals plan their attacks based on the terrain. Hotchkiss created maps for other notable Confederate generals including: Early, Ewell, and Lee. After the war he continued to create maps as a topographical engineer. Many examples of his work are in the Library of Congress. The post-war map is professionally framed together with modern portraits of Jackson and Hotchkiss, along with Jackson’s famous order to Hotchkiss: “I want you to make me a map of the Valley...” 21.25 x 11.5 in. overall.. $700 - $1,000 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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THE CIVIL WAR | Art

108 Norman Mills Price, The Battle of the Wilderness, Gouache on Board Price, Norman Mills (1877-1951; Illustrator) Smoking Forest. Gouache on board, signed, undated. 27 x 12.75 in. (sight); framed, 33 x 19 in. overall.

Written by Price on the mount below the image: Like endless lines of phantoms, men, horses, guns, wagons, continued to pass through the smoking forest.

A striking and emotional night scene at the Battle of the Wilderness On the night of May 5, 1864, after the Battle of Saunders’ Field where Zouave troops led the attack.

Most prominent is an ammunition wagon train, an ambulance returning to the rear, and two soldiers in Zouave uniforms carrying a litter. Other soldiers search for bodies and aide the wounded.

Price was an important illustrator, known for his history and war-action color paintings and illustrations. His superb pen and ink illustrations that appear in Treasure Island are particularly important. He began his studies at the Ontario School of Art. Around 1901 he spent time in London, studying at the Goldsmith’s Institute; Westminster School of Art; and with Cruikshank. While in London, he was the founder of Carlton Studios. He later went on to Paris, studying at the Academie Julian, with J.P. Laurens and R.E. Miller. He did freelance work in Paris until an assignment in Belgium for the Century Company brought him to the attention of a wider audience.

Price knew many Civil War veterans, who conveyed to him the horrors of their war, reflected in the brooding quality of the present oil.

Though undated, this most likely was painted in the first quarter of the 20th century, but harkens back to Victorian imagery. $3,500 - $4,500

109 Civil War Battle Scene by H. Gadeau American, 19th century. Oil on canvas, housed in a wooden frame.

A panoramic depiction of a Civil War battle field with a central Confederate figure hoisting the flag and leading a charge against a Union force which includes African American soldiers, signed l.r.; 17.5 x 39.5 in. (sight). $2,000 - $3,000 78

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THE CIVIL WAR | Art 110 Confederate War Etchings Volck, Adalbert J. Confederate War Etchings. Phila.?: Ca 1880-1890. Obl. folio, index plus 29 plates, loose as issued; in leather portfolio with cloth hinges. Etchings printed on “onion skin” laid paper and mounted on light cardstock. One of 100 copies. Howes V138.

Howes notes that these were actually published in Baltimore in 1863, but the author apparently suppressed the printing since some of the caricatures bordered on treason.

They were reissued after the war, either from an earlier copy or, more likely, from the copper plates. The original issue was 30 plates. “Meeting of the Southern Emissaries and Lincoln” seems to have been lost in storage.

Included are etchings such as “Passage through Baltimore,” which shows Lincoln dressed as a soldier peering through a slightly open door of a boxcar. “Buying a Substitute in the North during the War” shows a well-dressed gentleman picking up bums and drunks out of a bar. “Tracks of the Armies” shows the path of death and destruction left as the armies came through an area. Others include: “Counterfeit Confederates Notes Publicly Offered for Sale in the ‘City of Brotherly Love;’” an unflattering view of “Free Negroes in the North” depicting them as lazy and beggars; in “Free Negroes in Hayti” they have reverted to tribal ways; another shows a woman with a few personal items in “Cave Life in Vicksburg during the Siege.” $500 - $800

THE CIVIL WAR | Relics 111 Virginia Button Hatpin Possibly Removed from CSA General Stonewall Jackson’s Uniform Pre-Civil War button bearing the seal of the state of Virginia that was supposedly removed from Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s uniform and fashioned into a hatpin. The button is inscribed on reverse: Mitchell & Tyler /Richmond VA, a well-known jeweler and military outfitter at the time.

Supplementing the piece is a letter that claims the 5 x 3 in. typed card is an original Stewart Museum tag. The tag reads: From the Richard D. Stewart Collection: Virginia “Mitchell & Tyler” Button which has been made into a hatpin.

Supposedly from the uniform coat of “Stonewall” Jackson.

Accompanied by by an 1866 woodcut of Jackson after a painting by Nast, bearing his facsimile signature. Printed by Johnson, Fry, & Co. Publishers. $4,000 - $6,000

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THE CIVIL WAR | Relics 112 Battle Rattle of CSS Kate A wooden battle rattle from the CSS Kate. Measures 8 x 7.5 in.

During the Civil War, wooden battle rattles were aboard naval ships to call the crew to their posts during emergencies or to battle stations. They created a sound similar to the firing of many muskets at one time. For the CSS Kate, this rattle might have been used during one of the 20 successful blockade runs performed by the 165-foot wooden sidewheel steamer.

The boat was built in New York by the John Fraser & Co. It ran only for only a year. She ran aground at the Cape Fear River in North Carolina in 1862. $800 - $1,000

detail

113 Carpet Bag Identified to Capt. R.A. Potter, 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Plus Carpet bag with a floral design identified to Capt. Robert A. Potter, 14 x 18 in.

In the 1850s, people from middle and lower classes traveled more, creating the need for affordable luggage. Manufacturers filled that demand by creating carpet bags. Soldiers during the Civil War carried carpet bags to camp either when they enlisted or when they returned from furlough. The bag offered in this lot is identified to Capt. R.A. Potter of the 2nd CT Art. Co. H. According to research, several buckles resembling the one on this bag have been exhumed on battlefields.

Robert A. Potter enlisted on July 25, 1862. He was commissioned into 2nd CT Heavy Artillery Co. D. and a 2nd lieut., but transferred twice to Co. A and Co. E for promotions. Potter most likely owned the bag sometime around 1864, after his commission as Capt.

Also included in the lot is a copy of the History of the Second Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery. Originally the Nineteenth Connecticut Vols. by Theodore F. Vaill. Published by Winsted Printing Company, 1868. $500 - $700

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THE CIVIL WAR | Folk Art & Canes 114 Civil War Pipe Carved by a POW at Libby Prison Civil War carved folk art pipe featuring grape vines on each side and the initials AFS inside a wreath on the front. A tag attached to the pipe reads: This pipe carved by Uncle Alfred F. Spaulding while prisoner in Libby Prison during Civil War. HDS lists only one Alfred F. Spaulding, who served as a corporal and sergeant in Co. C, 15th Vermont Infantry, from September 11, 1862, to Nov. 18, 1862, with no mention of him being taken prisoner.

The pipe is also accompanied by two uniform buttons, which are described on the other side of the tag: The buttons are from a uniform worn by a buddy of mine in [illegible] Boer War 1900-1904, William Almond. $500 - $700

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115 Civil War Folk Art Carved Coward of Co. A Doll A wood carved, lewdly animated folk art doll carved by an unidentified POW detained at a Civil War camp. In order to escape the hardships of imprisonment or boredom, many POWs created art out of available materials as either an escape or for trade. Whether out of frustrations against his captors or out of crude humor, the POW carved a coward who peeks above or shamefully hides behind a barrel, exposing himself. The barrel or “barrel of shame” symbolized soldiers who were thieves, cravens, and drunkards. Attached to the doll is a Co. A button, and a carefully sewn tag stamped, Coward of Co. A. The piece measures 7 in. $400 - $600

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THE CIVIL WAR | Folk Art & Canes

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116 Civil War Folk Art Cane Identified to W.H. Barrow, 18th Tennessee Regiment, CSA Hand-carved wooden cane, 42.5 in. ln., no ferrule; with 8-sided section below handle featuring W.H. Barrow/ Co. K. 18 Tenn Reg’t C.S.A. in relief on 2 sides; with spiral carved in relief around bottom.

W.H. Barrow enlisted on June 1, 1861 as a private and was mustered into Co. K, 18th Tennessee Infantry, which was organized at Camp Trousdale under Col. Joseph Palmer. The 18th TN was sent to Bowling Green, KY, then to Fort Donelson in February 1862, whereupon almost the entire regiment and brigade surrendered to the Federal forces under the command of Gen. Grant. The 18th TN was sent to prison at Camp Butler, IL, but was exchanged at Vicksburg in September 1862 and reorganized at Jackson, MS. The regiment went on to fight at Chickamauga and in the Atlanta Campaign, including the siege of Atlanta. It was involved in Hood’s invasion of Tennessee, but did not arrive in time for the Battle of Franklin. Following its surrender in Greensboro, NC, the 18th TN was paroled on May 1, 1865. The date of Pvt. Barrow’s discharge from the regiment is unknown. $500 - $700

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117 Civil War Folk Art Cane Made of Wood from the Battle of Seven Pines Pine piece with two branches coiled around, carved from a pine tree left partially standing after the Battle of Seven Pines, 36 in. ln. Inscribed near the top: Cut in the center of 7 Pines Battlefield where 15000 Soldiers were Killed May 31st + June 1st 1862. Battle fought by Lee + McClellan / J.E. Lyne, Guide.

James E. Lyne was a Confederate captain-turnedbattlefield-tour-guide who apparently fought and survived the Battle of Seven Pines. A postcard published

by Seven Pines Battlefield over 30 years after the war shows Captain James E. Lyne, identified as a “Veteran soldier, government and battlefield guide” standing in front of his relic shop, described as a “veritable storehouse of interesting mementos which he has been gathering for the past 35 years.” Acquired by consignor from Skelly Oil Estate Cane Collection. $500 - $700 82

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118 Civil War Folk Art Cane by Sgt. James Thompson Wooden cane, 34.5 in., comprised of two-piece construction including burl knob. Crudely inscribed Cut on Suwanne River in Civil War Days 1865 By Sargent James Thompson [sic]. $400 - $600

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THE CIVIL WAR | GAR

119 Folk Art GAR Sign for Berkshire Post 197, Massachusetts Carved and hand-painted wooden sign, 41 x 23 in.

Comprised of four pieces of wood, this GAR post sign is presented in the form of crossed swords, each complete with hand-forged metal pommel and guard, topped by an American eagle, which is perched on a thin strip of wood with the hand painted phrase, Brothers in War and Peace. The carved eagle and thin horizontal strip are lined with jute rope. The crossed swords are hand painted with Berkshire GAR Post. No. 197 and Fraternity Charity Loyalty as well as small sunbursts.

An exceptional folk art display representing Berkshire Post 197, which was organized in Pittsfield, MA, in March of 1889. $1,500 - $2,500

120 James A. Kelly, 54th Massachusetts Infantry, Soldier’s Memorial Partially printed soldier’s memorial, 17.75 x 25.5 in. (sight) identified to James A. Kelly of Co. E, 54th Massachusetts Infantry, with a manuscript outline of his Civil War service record, including the battles in which he was engaged and his date of honorable discharge. The memorial was presented by Kelly to his six children on March 20, 1897. Matted and framed, 27 x 35 in. Accompanied by 5.5 x 7.5 in. albumen photograph, which appears to be a period enlargement, of two young, unidentified African American privates. The consignor acquired this portrait with the memorial, but we cannot confirm that Kelly is one of the young soldiers in the photograph.

James A. Kelly, referenced as “Kelley” in HDS, was a 23-year-old barber in St. Joseph, MI, when he enlisted as a private in March 1863. On April 23, 1863 he mustered into Co. E, Massachusetts 54th Infantry. Pvt. Kelly saw action at James Island, SC, the assault and siege of Fort Wagner, Olustee, FL, Boyhan Mills, SC, Morris Island, SC, Honey Hill, SC, and Charleston, SC. He was mustered Out on August 20, 1865 at Mount Pleasant, SC. Under the command of Robert Gould Shaw, the famed African American regiment, the 54th Massachusetts, was mustered into service on May 13, 1863 and was sent to the South Carolina coast near Charleston. After leading his regiment in smaller actions on James Island, at Legaresville on July 13 and Secessionville on July 16, Shaw moved the regiment to Morris Island. On July 18, 1863 he led the 54th in conjunction with two brigades of white troops in an ill-fated assault on Confederate Battery Wagner.

In the unsuccessful charge Shaw’s black troops proved themselves to be fully capable of standing up to enemy fire but lost about one quarter of their men, including the gallant Shaw. The rebels in Battery Wagner were so outraged by Shaw’s armed blacks that they purposely decided to insult the young colonel by burying him in a common grave with his enlisted men. Pvt. Kelly did not suffer the same fate and went on to live a long life after the war. $1,000 - $1,500 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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THE CIVIL WAR | GAR 121 Short Histories of Union and Confederate Civil War Generals, Set of 49 A near complete set comprised of 49 (out of 50) miniature booklets detailing the short histories of almost all major Union and Confederate generals and war heroes. The booklets were prizes inside packets of Duke Cigarettes. In vivid color, each cover contains a hand-colored, military bust portrait and 17 detailed pages about the subject’s life and military service. Published by Knapp & Company Lithographers and Printers, New York, NY, 1888. Each measures 1.5 x 3 in. The back covers depict several gruesome battle scenes and patriotic symbols, many entirely unique to one another. $1,500 - $3,000

12 of 49

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR 122 Spanish-American War Archive of Col. H.A. Leonhauser, 25th US Infantry Lot includes 16 photographs of Harry A. Leonhauser, numerous newspaper clippings, 1 letter, and 2 miscellaneous documents.

Photographs range from 3.25 x 3.25 in. to 8 x 10 in., most mounted on heavy cardstock. The earliest photos include young Leonhauser at West Point, one with his class (with a line indicating himself ) and one at the tender age of 17 with two other young men at their first camp. The lot also features studio portraits of Leonhauser taken over many years, one in Augusta, GA, and one in New York. There are at least 4 photographs of the unit in winter quarters in Augusta, GA in 1892, as well as a standing view of Leonhauser captioned “The Colonel” on the mount, which was taken at Camp MacKensie in Augusta in 1898-99.

Accompanied by parade images and more.

Col. Leonhauser was a graduate of West Point. He served in the 15th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and as captain of the 25th US Infantry during the Spanish American War. In the Philippines, the 25th US Infantry captured the town of O’Donnell, an informant having led the unit to the rebels there (photograph of the informant included in archive). His attempt to rescue five US prisoners during the rebellion in the Philippines ended in the deaths of all five at Arayat. The archive features numerous newspaper clippings on Leonhauser in the Philippines including accounts of a mutiny among his unit and his vindication of responsibility for it. Included also is a photo of the ship, which carried them to the war.

The letter that accompanies the lot, dated July 6, 1899, is from a friend (fellow West Point graduate) and lawyer, A.S. Crossfield, informing 84

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him that the newspapers had finally published articles noting Leonhauser’s exoneration on the charges noted above. One of the other documents is a copy of a letter from the War Department dated Sept. 7, 1918, taking Leonhauser out of retirement and assigning him to active duty as Students’ Army Training Corps commander at the University of Vermont. The last document is a notice from an insurance company confirming that Leonhauser had changed his name legally to Harry A. Lee. $600 - $800 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

123 George Paul, 8th Ohio Volunteers, Spanish American War Archive, Plus Lot of approx. 29 items, ca. 1891-1908.

Theodore Roosevelt’s “splendid little war,” the Spanish American War, sparked a second three-year war with the Philippines. Following the examples of the men in his family before him, George H. Paul enlisted in the 8th OH Vols. for the Spanish-American and War and the Philippine-American War. The archive contains many of his letters during his service in the Philippines from 1899-1908 addressed to his aunt, Mary Paul.

The war waged in the Philippines was much different than previous wars. Guerrilla tactics were especially important to Filipinos verses skirmishes on a defined battlefield. When George arrived in Caloocan December 14, 1899 he wrote: [Filipino men] are very poor soldiers and worse Marksman- but still they can fight in their own peculiar way and once and a while they manage to fill a stragling american soldier still while they are killing one of our men we kill 20 or more of theirs...the last news from the fight got in here just at noon and the result was very good 12 U.S. men wounded and 2 killed. the rebel losses reached up into 300 dead and 500 wounded. My company did not get into the fight but bullets flew close around us as we went out to support our troops.

The presidential elections in 1900 were never more important to a war since the second election of Lincoln. George writes that Filipino insurgents laid their weapons down until the end of the election because “Bryanites” told [Filipino] leaders that if William Jennings Bryan won they would be given their freedom...and let them do as they please (Paul, October 1, 1900). If William Jennings Bryan won, the Philippines would be independent for the first time since its discovery by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. If William McKinley won and the war resulted in an American victory, it would be a resounding message to the world that the United States was an imperial power. George wrote to his aunt, I dread this election as I never dreaded the sound of whistling bullets and long marches for if we loose in this campaign our Nation is Ruined forever and [?] will be trampled on by other nations...(October 1, 1900). McKinley won the nomination and the battle ensued for several more years.

Public support for the war dissipated and many protested against it.

The government declared the end of the war in 1902 but fighting continued in organized resistance until 1906 and sporadic fighting until 1913. George grew increasingly tired of his own involvement. He vented his frustrations to his aunt from Luzow on April 15, 1906: I am not a politician I imagine the sooner the U.S. gets a new administration regarding this bunch of grafters of whom our amiable man from “Ohio” “Taft” as the leader, the better we are literally wasting billions of good dollars here only to fall in the purses of rich men as are in favor with the rather large but unjust leader of this corrupt, yes the, I am sorry to say it, most corrupt government in this world, congress is next to some of the moves now, when they burned down the appropriation of $50.000000 for fortifications-Theres no need of fortifications here- no nation under the sun is foolish enough to take or even try to take such a burden on their hands as the Philippines...I shall do my part in the “lid lifting” if I get out of this damnable, miserable country, with a remnant of my power of speech...

George finally returned to the United States in 1908.

Also included in the lot are two silver gelatin photographs related to John Harvey Bordner. Bordner was one of the thousands of American men fighting against Emilio Aguinaldo and his army of Filipino nationalists. He was a chubby young boy, ready to make himself a man on the battlefield. He enlisted for three years of service at the age of 19, but lied on his papers and claimed he was 23. He mustered into the 27th Inf. on June 30, 1899. The two photographs offered here include a patriotic portrait of Bordner in his uniform taken by Johnson in San Francisco, CA before he embarked. The second is an image of four men on horseback, inscribed on verso, Reminiscence to Will B./ from your brother/John H. Bordner/ on this left. If this photograph indeed shows Bordner at left, the Philippines dramatically changed his boyish looks to the appearance of a rugged man.

The remaining items are letters from the Paul family to their beloved Aunt Mary, a map of the world, one additional silver gelatin photo, three programs from the 2nd Reunion of H.K. Taylor and Pupils dated 1891, and a program from the 1st reunion of the 8th OH Inf. dated 1901. $500 - $700

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FLAGS AND PATRIOTIC TEXTILES

124 36-Star American Flag with History Attributed, ca late 1864 to 1867, wool bunting machine-stitched US flag, commemorating the addition of Nevada as the 36th State of the Union. Measuring 50 x 33.5 in. and displaying the usual pattern of 13 individually sewn red and white stripes, plus adorned with 36 double-sided, appliqued white cotton stars configured in six rows of six arranged within an attractive but atypical canton of turquoise blue color. White cotton hoist with two brass grommets bears the old browned ink inscription Dr. Raymond / 626 13t St. / Oak., indicating the name and listed street address of Dr. Jonas C. Raymond of Oakland, California.

A practicing physician throughout the Civil War in Utica, NY, Dr. Raymond is known to have trained contract surgeons for the Federal Army. Born in 1823, he studied medicine at the Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1851, and maintained an office in his birth state of New York until he moved to California in 1877 and eventually settled in Oakland, where he died in 1901 as an honored and respected member of the International Homeopathic Congress for over fifty years. It is believed that this flag flew outside of Dr. Raymond’s office in Utica at the end of the War of the Rebellion and was carefully preserved and later loaned for an exhibition following his move to Oakland, CA. $2,000 - $3,000

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125 36-Star American Flag Cotton, 17.5 x 11 in., printed parade flag with 34 stars configured in 5/6/6/6/6/5 horizontal rows with two additional stars in the left corners of the canton. The hoist has three small button holes. Housed in original frame, 25.5 x 16.5 in. Ca 1865-1867. $500 - $700

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FLAGS AND PATRIOTIC TEXTILES 126 38-Star American Flag Cotton, 27.5 x 19 in., printed flag with 38 stars arranged in 5/6/6/6/6/7 horizontal rows, with two additional stars in the top right and left corners. Hoist end with few small pinholes.

Framed, 34 x 25.75 in.

The 38-star flag was introduced on August 1, 1876 when Colorado became the 38th state, just 28 days after the official centennial celebration. Although 37 was the official star count in 1876, flag makers hesitated to make 37-star flags when others were making 38-star examples. As a result, flag makers produced them with counts of 38 and 13 stars. Some makers produced 39-star flags because they anticipated another state in the Western Territory. The 38star flag was used until 1889, when four new states joined the Union. $500 - $700

127 Bolt of 46-Star American Flags A bolt of 26 complete, 46-star American flags printed in two rows that measures approx. 230 x 23 in. overall. Each flag, which measures 17 x 11.5 in., includes 46 stars arranged in 8/7/8/8/7/8 horizontal rows. Ca 1908-1912. $1,500 - $2,500

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128 Petersburg, Virginia, Law Firm of Alexander & James Donnan Archive Concerning Slavery & Confederate Issues A rare, intact archive of 65+ items from the Virginia law firm of Alexander and James Donnan, ca 1818-1876.

Slavery through the 1640s and 1860s was governed by a body of law. Every slave state followed a set of legal codes that made slavery a permanent condition, inherited by the mother, and designated slaves as property. As a result, slaves could not own property or be a party to a contract. Contracts became the responsibility of owners.

Lawyers Alexander and James Monroe Donnan represented many Virginians whose assets were neither land nor livestock; they were human beings. Their humanity created complicated legal dilemmas for the Donnan’s clients. This collection of documents comprises an intact archive of approx. 65 papers from their Petersburg, Virginia law firm. More than 40 of the items directly concern slavery & CSA Civil War issues because the Donnans were very active in handling various aspects of their clients’ ownership of slave property.

Legal issues made some owners view their “property” as a burden. In a letter dated January 14, 1861, Mr. M Durell wrote, I reckon you think my servants give you a great deal of trouble, but I am sure they have not troubled you half as much as they have troubled me, I sometimes wish I did not own one in the world. Durell sought council for complaints voiced by his recently sold slaves, Celci and Randall, against their current owner, Mr. Gregg. Durell was not certain if he could incur the expense of the slaves and their four children. He realized that if he sent the slaves back it would be a trouble all the year, but he hate[d] to put the children where they are not properly treated...Durell transferred the entire family to Sylvia Turner, but the predicament continued for at least three years. In 1864, Turner wrote to Durell, I wish you to take the servants away, as I have not the bread to feed them, and you must be aware that buying provisions for a family of six hearty negros is no small item at present. You will therefore not I hope consider me too exacting when I inform you that I shall commence tomorrow Dec 27th to furnish them with a meal, charging you such price for it as I will have to pay...

There is no indication of the final outcome of the case; however, the letters demonstrate relationships between slaves and their owners and reveal some complications that arose when “property” complained of their working conditions and refused to work.

Bold slaves negotiated their sale by manipulating their circumstances.

In one particular case, an “obstinate” female slave induced her and her two-year old’s sale by speaking against her owner. Her owner Lucilla Harrison wrote, My reason for selling them are these...she is very high 88

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tempered...she has told me when I was in Petersburg last that she never would serve me nor my children any longer and that she wished me to sell her at once, her own words to me were, that she never intended to do me nor any my children any good....I think I have said enough on the subject and hope that my request will be complied with.

Even though some slaves gained slight command over their poor situation, power ultimately belonged to the owner. Slave owners could sell their property at almost any moment. The Donnans’ client, E. Donnan requested to sell his slave, Harry because he is too independent for me to manage and besides he drinks so hard, that it keeps him continually sick and I have to pay doctors bills. The expense of his care and his lack of work outweighed his value. E. Donnan most likely sold Harry at a “reduced price” as a result of his alcoholism.

Slaves were also at the mercy of the courts when their owner died.

Like furniture in a house, surviving family members parceled out the deceased’s slaves. When J.M.D. Anderson passed the executor of his will, Mary J. Wells created a chilling roster of his slaves’ new households. Scrawled in the margins Wells wrote, I will take E. next spring. Mrs. Morgan will take care of her until then. Mrs. Morgan will keep [Fanny, Ella, and Stephan] at home. These [Ella and Stephan] are small children. I wish Mary Ann and William to be hired out. I will take Margret home.

The conclusion of the war, however, ended slave owners’ dominion.

On February 11, 1867 Vincent Cousin, an African American man, purchased 100 acres of land from David R. Stokes. The remarkable accomplishment exemplifies the new freedoms experienced by some African Americans after the war.

Additional papers in the lot include various bills of sale for a variety of goods, land deeds, a pardon for a wrongfully imprisoned person, claims to damages incurred while Confederate troops occupied the city, and a volume of Four Years in the Governor’s Mansion of Virginia-1910-1914 by Etta Donnan Mann, the daughter of Alexander Donnan.

For a detailed look at the contents of the archive, go to: http://www. historybroker.com/collection/donnan/index.htm. $10,000 - $15,000

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SLAVERY & THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE 129 John Brown ALS to African American Publisher of Abolitionist Newspaper, Plus Brown, John (1800-1859). Abolitionist; hanged after attempting to incite slave rebellion at Harper’s Ferry, VA. ALS, 1p, 7.125 x 7.625 in., Westport, NY. May 22, 1849. Accompanied by autograph addressed envelope Brown marked Paid, bearing a May 24 Westport round stamp. In full: I have at last reached Essex Co with family team &c. but am detained from going to Timbucto in consequence of my Waggon [sic] not coming on as soon as I expected. I hope however to get away in a day or two. I shall be obliged myself to return to Springfield in a few days for a while & would be exceedingly glad to see you about the last of this week so that we may make some arrangement before I go back to Springfield. My wife is in feeble hea[lth]. Your’s in Truth/ John Brown.

The envelope is addressed: Mr. Willis A Hodges (Loon Lake)/ Merrillsville PO/ Franklin Co./ NY. In 1847, Willis A. Hodges (1801-1890) founded the abolitionist paper The Rams Horn, a weekly newspaper published and edited by Hodges, “A free Black born in Virginia, his family moved to New York in the mid-1830s after Nat Turner’s rebellion...By the 1840s, Hodges functioned as one of the most outspoken advocates for abolition and equal rights in the State. His abolitionist newspaper caught the eye of Frederick Douglass and John Brown, both of whom contributed articles and funds...the paper reached a peak circulation of 2500...After the paper ceased publication, Hodges continued to support abolitionist causes, including Brown. It is not known if Hodges was part of the Harpers Ferry planning, but when Brown was arrested in 1859, Hodges burned their correspondence...The editor may have helped the US army as a scout in Virginia during the Civil War, but the evidence is uncertain. After the war, he was active in Virginia politics during the Reconstruction era and after the Democratic Party regained power in Virginia, he returned to New York in 1876, where he lived until his death in 1890.” (from Blackvoicenews.com.)

At the time of this letter, Brown and his family were settled in a black community founded in North Elba on land donated by the AntiSlavery campaigner, Gerrit Smith (1797-1879). When there, Brown developed strong opinions about the evils of slavery and gradually became convinced that it would be necessary to use force to overthrow this system.

Overall, a strong letter, with great association interest, from a desirable and uncommon historical figure, whose actions had a profound effect on the South’s fight to disunion - both R.E. Lee and John Wilkes Booth were present at the hanging. Brown’s ink writing is dark and bold.

The letter and cover are framed with what purports to be a few strands of Brown’s hair, although this cannot be verified. Overall, the framed grouping measures 18.5 x 14 in. $4,000 - $6,000

130 Runaway Slave Reward Broadside, Maryland, 1802 Printed broadside on laid paper, 7.25 x 9 in., headed Forty Dollars Reward...for capture of Negro Harry and Negro Len of Maryland, their physical appearances described in detail, issued by Harry and Len’s masters, James and Baker Johnson, dated October 23, 1802. Fredericktown, MD. Printed by John P. Thomson. With added manuscript on verso referring to a transfer of land deeds.

An exceedingly rare, early reward broadside for runaway slaves.

William Gladstone Collection of Early Photography & African Americana $3,500 - $5,500

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SLAVERY & THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE 131 Anti-Slavery Lithograph, A Proslavery Incantation Scene, or Shakespeare Improved by Johnson Lithograph, 21.375 x 14 in., titled A Proslavery Incantation Scene, or Shakespeare Improved / See Macbeth. An unsigned 1856 presidential campaign-related lithograph produced by leading 19th century lithographer, David Claypool Johnson.

Pro-slavery politicians gather around a boiling kettle over a fire of Sumner’s Speech, Beecher’s Sermons, N.Y. Tribune. The kettle bears the words, Double, double, Free State trouble; Till Fremont men are straw & Stubble. James Buchanan presides over the scene stating, Ere we begin our mystic course, / Bear this in mind, that I indorse / The laws of Kansas now in force… Each of the scruffy-looking politicians gives an incantation in support of Slavery, e.g. Here’s forked tongue of Free Soil adder, / To make the madden’d gruel madder; / And fillet of a Free Soil frog, / From a Free Soil state, and a Free Soil bog… A slave catcher, pleased about the spilling of freemen’s blood and hearing the cries of their widows, states, To know my Kansas-Nebraska bill, / has caus’d these woes; to me is joy, / Here and at home in Illinois...

Claypool was trained as an actor before becoming a lithographer, so his allusion to Macbeth makes sense.

An excellent example of a scurrilous anti-slavery political print. $600 - $800

132 Carncross & Dixeys Minstrels, Illustrated Broadside Printed broadside, 10.75 x 30.5 in. A troupe of African American performers gleefully dance and play for an imagined audience on top of the illustrated broadside promoting the Carncross and Dixeys Minstrels show.

Advertised performances that intended to entice the public included: The School for Scandal!; Mary Warner’s performance of Or, the Troublesome Lovers; a glimpse of the Chinese Giant, Ka-foozle-em; as well as other musical and comedic acts.

Descended Directly in the Family of Peter Marks, Minstrel Show Harpist, 1860-1863 $600 - $800 90

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133 Arkansas Traveler, Illustrated Minstrel Show Broadside Printed broadside, 42 x 28 in., illustrating a scene from the popular act, Arkansas Traveler, produced by the Commercial Job Room Print, Cincinnati, OH. The skit involves a lost traveler who encounters a penniless backwoods squatter in the Arkansas frontier. The traveler asks the squatter for directions and humorous dialogue occurs. The two finally come to an understanding through music. The act originated from Sandford Faulkner, a Little Rock native who experienced asking directions of a country settler and performed the interaction on stage in 1840.

Descended Directly in the Family of Peter Marks, Minstrel Show Harpist, 1860-1863 $500 - $700

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SLAVERY & THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

134 I Am a Man, 1968 AFSCME Sanitation Strike, Memphis, TN, Commemorative Poster Black and white poster, 14 x 19.875 in., boldly headed, I AM A MAN/ AFSCME...The 1968 AFSCME SANITATION STRIKE/ Memphis, Tennessee, featuring an image of two Memphis Union workers at center, identified as Rev. Theodore Hibbler and Ted Brown, possibly after a photograph produced by Ernest Withers, a Memphis, TN, native. The image has also been attributed to Richard Copley, a photographer employed by AFSCME, the union that sponsored the striking sanitation workers. Copley was asked to document the Spring 1968 protests in Memphis as well as Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speech, which was given to the sanitation workers on March 18, 1968. The workers were fighting for better pay and improved safety standards after two Memphis garbage collectors were crushed to death by their truck’s trash compactor. (Information obtained from NBC News article, “MLK and Me, How Rookie Photographer Captured History,” by Christina Caron, April 4, 2013.)

This poster was produced by Allied Printing Trades Council, Memphis, TN, and hung in the offices of AFSCME in Memphis in 1978, on the 10th anniversary of the sanitation strike. The number “78” appears next to the Allied Printing logo, indicating that this was printed in 1978. $2,000 - $3,000

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SLAVERY & THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE 135 Sixth Plate Ruby Ambrotype of an African-American Nanny with Two White Children and Their Cat Sixth plate ambrotype of an African-American woman sitting between two young white children, presumably her charges as a nanny or housekeeper, with a cat posed on her lap. Ca 1860s. Housed in a full, floral paper case. $600 - $800

136 Sixth Plate Tintype of an African American Woman and her Charge Sixth plate tintype of an aged African American woman holding a young, white child. The woman wears spectacles, a black dress adorned with a lace collar, and a gold-tinted ring and broach. The young girl, her cheeks lightly tinted pink, wears a red, calico-patterned dress. Housed in full, pressed-paper case. $400 - $600

137 Sixth Plate Tintype of Identified African-American Man Sixth plate tintype housed in a half Union case with penciled identification under the plate, Moses Washington. The dress, pose, and casing suggest that the image was produced in the 1860s, so it is reasonable to assume Mr. Washington may have formerly been a slave. $400 - $600

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SLAVERY & THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

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138 Reconstruction-Era Photographs of African Americans Taken in South Carolina & Georgia Lot of 7 Reconstruction-era photographs, including: three amateur shots, ranging in size from approx. 4.5 x 4 in. to 6 x 4 in., which were taken in and around Columbia, SC, and show informal views of African Americans working in a field, resting outside a cabin, and riding through town in a horse-drawn cart, with what looks to be the State House in the background. In the photograph of the cotton field, the young boy staring directly at the camera appears to be holding a Civil War soldier’s kepi.

The amateur views are accompanied by four commercially made photographs, each 4 x 6.25 in., on larger cardstock mounts, produced by the Moller Studio in Thomasville, GA. Titles, which are stamped in each negative, include: In the Cotton Field; Ox Cart; Negro Cabin; and Weighing Cotton. $500 - $700

AMERICAN SOCIAL HISTORY 139 Jewish-American Factory Superintendent, Leo Frank, Photograph of Hanging in Georgia, 1915 Silver gelatin photograph, 4.25 x 3.25 in., affixed to trimmed paper mount captioned, Hanging of Leo Frank./ Georgia, -1915.

Leo Frank (1884-1914) was a Jewish-American factory superintendent convicted of murdering and sexually assaulting 13-year-old Mary Phagan. Even though Frank confessed, it is believed that he was falsely accused. According to some witnesses, the African American janitor Jim Conely was seen washing blood off of his clothing and carrying the young girl’s lifeless body to the basement. Conely testified against Frank and claimed he was paid to dispose of the body. The jury believed him despite the gross inconsistencies in his alibi and other testimonies which placed Frank at home during the murder. The courts sentenced Frank to life in prison; however, an angry mob of 25 vigilantes captured and lynched him in front of Phagan’s home. $800 - $1,000

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EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY 140 Half Plate Ambrotype of Broad Brook House, Guilford, Vermont Half plate, outdoor ambrotype housed in a leather and pressed-paper case. The sign on the front of the building clearly reads Broad Brook House and two carriages and several people are visible on and near the front porch. Broad Brook House in Guilford, VT (for a time referred to as Algiers, VT), was built in 1817 and still stands, operating today as the Guilford County Store. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. $500 - $700

141 Half Plate Ambrotype of a Home, in the Very Rare Wedding Procession Union Case Half plate ambrotype of a home with a white fence, outbuildings, and bare trees in the yard. Housed in The Wedding Procession Union case (Krainik-10). $500 - $700

142 Half Plate Tinted Ambrotype of Washington’s Tomb Fine half plate ambrotype of Washington’s Tomb at Mount Vernon with red tinting of the brick and sufficient clarity to read the stone inscription above the iron gates of the tomb.

Note the man and woman posed at left and the man at far right of the frame. Image is under mat and glass, but uncased. $400 - $600

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EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY 143 Curiously-Posed Half and Two Quarter Plate Ambrotypes of a Couple and Acting Troupe Lot of 3 interestingly-posed ambrotypes, possibly of a group of actors for a comedy or drama and one with a smiling couple. Housed in a floral Union case, the first quarter plate ambrotype shows a couple lightheartedly posing for a picture. Wryly smiling as if he is telling a joke, the man (believed to be the male actor in the next set of images) looks at the camera as he points to an encased portrait, making this image a “portrait within a portrait.”

Meanwhile, the woman smiles down at him with her handtinted gold wedding ring and broach.

In a more serious tone, the second quarter plate ambrotype depicts a confused looking man with a large broadside that reads, Doubt! Eh? I’ll Bet a Fortune. Inside the case is a card from E.B. Hambleton’s Ambrotype Gallery in Buffalo, NY. On the back, a penciled inscription says, ...only imagine a positive and confidant instead of a perplexed expression. -Emory.

Posing as if he is deep in contemplation, the same man in a half plate ambrotype holds another broadside that reads, Sold!! By George! Goosey Forfeits. Two women fervently gesture towards him in either disgust or frustration. Vol 2nd, Showing effect of the “publisher copy” on the victim, explains the second card’s notation, Mrs. Miller says the victimized can have his ordered vest when he pays for it—-. The image is by daguerreotypist, J.H. Tompkins of Buffalo, NY. Based on the subjects and the notations, we assume the images are of a troupe of actors, performing scenes of an unknown play in Buffalo between 1875 and 1876. $800 - $1,200

144 Mathew Brady Quarter Plate Daguerreotype of Father & Son Quarter plate daguerreotype of a father and son produced by renowned photographer, Matthew Brady. The gentleman and his son are vividly hand-tinted, creating almost life-like skin tones. The young boy admiringly places his hand on his father’s shoulder and grasps a small walking cane. Housed in full, pressed-paper, push-button case, with interior velvet lining stamped Brady’s Gallery/ 359 Broadway, New York. $600 - $800

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145 J.P. Ball Quarter Plate Daguerreotype of a Couple Quarter plate, hand-tinted daguerreotype portrait of a well-dressed man and woman, presumably a husband and wife, housed under mat stamped J.P. Ball/ Cincinnati, in a half leather case.

Noted African American photographer, J.P. Ball, opened his first studio in Cincinnati, OH in 1845, then became an itinerant photographer, traveling to Pittsburgh, Richmond, and throughout Ohio. He eventually resettled in Cincinnati in 1849 and opened a Daguerreian Gallery downtown, which subsequently became one of the most well known galleries in the US. During the early 1850s, when Ball opened an additional gallery in Cincinnati, he hired his future brother-in-law, Alexander Thomas, to work with him, and by 1857, he became a full partner in the business. Ball and Thomas’ gallery was soon known as “the finest photographic gallery west of the Allegheny Mountains.”

(Information obtained from the Cincinnati Historical Library: J.P. Ball Database, October 15, 2015.) $500 - $1,000

147 Quarter Plate Ambrotype of a Street View of Smith’s Hall in Cayuga County, New York Quarter plate ambrotype of Smith’s Hall, a three-story building with signs on the first level for P.H. Van Schaick, J.C. Fuller/Tailor, and C.E. Parker. A crate in front of Parker’s storefront is addressed C.E. Parker, Moravia, Cayuga Co., placing the scene in the Finger Lakes region of New York State, near Auburn, ca 1855. County records state that Charles E. Parker purchased a store in Moravia in 1849 and operated it until 1864, when he transferred it to his son and was elected Village President the following year. Image is housed in a Chasse au Faucon Union case (Krainik-32) under an unusual mat. $500 - $700 96

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146 Quarter Plate Ambrotype of Pugilists Quarter plate tintype of two men in a fighting stance, both shirtless and wearing boots, wool trousers, and tinted red sashes around their waists. The sashes appear to be Union artillery officers’ sashes and, together with the rest of their outfits, it is reasonable to assume this is a Civil War-era image. Housed in a The Capture of Major Andre Union case (Krainik-18). $500 - $700

148 Quarter Plate Tintype of Uniformed Firefighter Posed With his Trumpet Quarter plate tintype of a bearded firefighter from Engine No. 6 or 2.

He poses with his hat, silver fire horn, badge, and large belt buckle.

Housed in geometric Union case. $350 - $450

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EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY

149 Sixth Plate Daguerreotype of Sailor, Possibly from HMS Duke of Wellington Sixth plate daguerreotype of ca 1850s British sailor wearing a hat marked Wellington. This could represent the HMS Duke of Wellington, an early steam-powered warship launched in 1852. The 131-gun first rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy was considered one of the most powerful warships at that time. The young man wears a blue tinted jacket adorned with a red and white lapel, which appears to be a 1st class petty officer or seaman’s uniform. He holds a peculiar looking tool, possibly a wrench. Housed in full, pressed-paper case. $800 - $1,000

150 Sixth Plate Occupational Daguerreotype of a Draftsman Sixth plate occupational daguerreotype of a draftsman, or possibly the manufacturer of the set displayed. Housed in an early-style case, ca 1840s. $600 - $800

151 Sixth Plate Occupational Daguerreotype of a Carpenter and his Wife Sixth plate daguerreotype of a man and wife, the man holding a wooden plane. The carpenter’s dress suggests this is a wedding photograph. Ca 1850s. Housed in a full pressed-paper, push-button case with floral design. $600 - $800

152 Sixth Plate Occupational Daguerreotype of a Butcher Sixth plate daguerreotype of a butcher posing with his knife and sharpener in an early-style mat and case. $500 - $700

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153 Sixth Plate Daguerreotype of a Man Wearing a Masonic Costume Rather early, ca 1840s sixth plate daguerreotype of a Mason dressed in full regalia. The image has tinted gold accents and is housed in a brown, pressed-paper Brady-style case. $400 - $600

154 Sixth Plate Daguerreotype of Young Boy with Toy Gun and his Dog Sixth plate daguerreotype of a boy displaying his toy gun, standing with his arm around his dog, which sits on the table beside him.

Housed in full, pressed-paper case with an inked note on the pad identifying the boy as Frank F. Antrell / Aged five years. $800 - $1,000

155 Sixth Plate Daguerreotypes of Girls and Their Dogs Lot of 2 sixth plate daguerreotypes, including an exceptionally clear view of a little girl seated on a sofa with her mixed-breed dog resting at her side, housed in full, pressedpaper case. Accompanied by second view of a slightly older girl standing, holding her dog, which appears to be a Border Collie on a leash, housed in full, pressed-paper case.

It has also been suggested that this may be a toy dog. $1,200 - $1,800

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156 Sixth Plate Daguerreotype of a Child Posed with Her Doll Sixth plate daguerreotype of a dark haired, young girl posing with her small china head doll, housed in a floral pressed-paper case. $400 - $600

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EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY

157 Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes of Children Posed with Dolls Lot of 3, including sixth plate daguerreotype of two sisters holding a porcelain doll, housed in a pressed-paper case; ninth plate daguerreotype of a young boy holding a doll that appears to be dressed like a soldier, housed in a red leather case; and sixth plate ruby ambrotype of a girl holding a doll, with a toy dog and basket on the table beside her, housed in a pressed-paper case under convex glass. $600 - $800

158 Sixth Plate Tintype of a Man Strumming a Banjo and Smoking a Cigar Sixth plate tintype of a young gentleman strumming his banjo and chewing a large cigar. Housed in a brown pressed-paper case. $400 - $600

159 Daguerreotype Wall Frame Containing Nine Sixth Plates from the Same Family Lot of 9 sixth plate daguerreotypes from the same family, housed in wood frame with double gold filet, 16 x 17.5 in. overall. $600 - $800

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160 Mascher Stereodaguerreotype of a Gentleman Stereodaguerreotype of a gentleman, composed of two ninth plate images. Housed in the original quarter plate leather, push-button case with leather viewing flap imprinted Mascher’s Improved Stereoscope / Philada. / Patent / March 8th 1852. $600 - $800

163 Salt Print of Horse-Drawn Wagons Outside St. Johnsbury House, Ca 1850 Salted paper photograph, 7 x 5 in., capturing the St. Johnsbury House, possibly taken in the 1850s by early Vermont photographer, Franklin B. Gage. Crowds of men dressed in suits, many wearing stovepipe hats, are gathered outside the large establishment.

Several horse-drawn wagons are also parked on the dirt road. A general store is partially visible at left, with signs hanging out front promoting Rockery, Hardware, Goods & Groceries, as well as Furniture.

Framed, 12 x 10 in. overall. $500 - $700 100

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161 St. Johnsbury, Vermont, Salt Print Featuring Horse-Drawn Wagons on Main Street, 1845 Salted paper photograph, 7.5 x 6 in., mounted, matted, and framed, 16 x 13 in. An early, outdoor view of Main Street, St. Johnsbury, VT, ca 1845, as indicated in ink inscriptions on mount recto and verso.

Several horse-drawn wagons can be seen parked outside the local businesses, with many signs visible, including Cheney & Co.’s New York & Boston Express Office, a Hat, Cap & Fur Store, and a SOD store, among others. A Foot Bridge over gully is identified along the left edge of the photograph. Although lacking a studio mark, it has been suggested that the photographer was most likely F.B. Gage, an early Vermont daguerreotype and melainotype artist. $500 - $700 162 No Lot

164 Bellows Falls Stage-House, Vermont, Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 7.75 x 5.5 in. (sight), which appears to be a period enlargement of a daguerreotype showing a small group of people situated on the front porch of the Bellows-Falls Stage-House, possibly taken sometime between the 1840s-1850s in Vermont.

Mounted under original gilt-bordered mat, 10 x 8 in. Housed in modern frame, 12.5 x 10.5 in. $400 - $600

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EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY 165 Mammoth Plate Albumen Photographs of Bellows Falls, Vermont, by Taft and Blake Lot of 2 albumen photographs, both under 22 x 28 in. imprinted mats. One a bird’s-eye view of Bellow Falls, VT, from Mt. Kilburn, photographed by Frank M. Taft, October 29, 1878, the other view of the expansive paper mills in Bellow Falls, photographed by Frederick J. Blake, October 5, 1883. $1,000 - $1,500

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166 Niagara Falls Mammoth Plate Albumen Photograph by George Barker, Ca 1880 Mammoth albumen photograph, 19.25 x 33.5 in. (sight), of the American and Bridal Veil Falls from below, almost certainly by noted Niagara Falls, NY, photographer George Barker, ca 1870s-1880s.

Professionally framed, 29.5 x 33.5 in. $500 - $700

167 Railroad Excursion Party Outside Paul Smith’s Hotel, Adirondacks, New York, Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 9 x 7 in., mounted, matted, and framed, 16 x 13 in. overall. Outdoor view of a railroad excursion party posed atop, inside, and around a large, horse-drawn stagecoach from the T. Latour Stageline, parked outside Smiths in July 1889. Taken by Baldwin’s Photos, Plattsburgh, NY. Many of the subjects and the railroad lines with which they were associated are identified on mount verso. As per verso inscription, this railroad excursion party was photographed in front of Paul Smith’s, a hotel formerly known as the Saint Regis House that was founded in 1859 in the town of Brighton, NY. The hotel, which was patronized by US Presidents including Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt, was one of the first wilderness resorts in the Adirondacks. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 168 Declaration of Independence, Rare Textile, Ca 1826 Intricately decorated cotton kerchief, 25.5 x 30 in., featuring the signed Declaration of Independence surrounded by three oval portraits of George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson; the twelve state seals; and scenes from the Revolutionary War. Framed, 31 x 36 in.

Although similar to textiles illustrated in Collins’ Threads of History, this example does not appear to be referenced. $1,500 - $2,500

169 L.H. Bridgham, Declaration of Independence, Rare Miniature Broadside Engraving, 5.75 x 4.5 in., printed on white, coated stock, featuring text and signatures surrounded by a decorative border and illustrated with portrait of George Washington and arms of the thirteen original states. The first miniature printing of the Declaration of Independence engraved and printed by L.H. Bridgham, Boston, 1836. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln

170 Rare George Washington Textile Intricately decorated monochrome copper plate print on a handkerchief, 18 x 25 in. (sight), commemorating the death of the first president of the United States. The image is based on an engraving

by Cornelius Tiebout (1773-1832), after a drawing by Charles Buxton.

Charles Smith published the print in 1873 in New York and dedicated it to the Congress of the United States. Housed in 19 x 26 in. frame.

See Collins, Threads of History, fig. 54.

On the handkerchief, Washington holds a scroll of his first inaugural speech while firmly standing atop of the pedestal where a statue of George III once stood. A multitude of political allegories surround the pedestal and an urn inscribed Sacred/To/Patriotism. Beyond the stone memorial are ships, forts, and the Kennedy house, No.1 Broadway

that represent his prolific military career as a soldier and sailor. Two inscriptions of his life and contributions hang above the scene, the excerpt on the right reads: He was First in Peace, First in the Hearts of the AMERICANS, / First in the Eyes of the World; He was unrivalled as a Statesman, /in the Hearts of his Countrymen, Admired by the Enlightened of all/ Lands; Immortalized by his own great Actions and the Regrets of/ Mankind – Why doth America weep? Why are her Courts and her/ Churches covered with funeral Black?

Why are her Sons Clad/ in Sable and appointed to a long Mourning? / - Senator! It is because He, who gave Stability/ to our Constitution, and Energy to our/ Councils. He, who was the Guardian/ of our Rights, and our/ Liberties, is now/ Withdrawn.

But all is not lost for providence survives. $4,000 - $6,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln

171 George Washington Inaugural, Long Live the King Button An elusive 1789 George Washington copper inaugural button inscribed Long Live the King. 35 mm. During his first term as president many argued over the powers of the position, because there were no established rules for the democratic experiment. Many believed that Washington should be King, which explains the inscription on the button. He declined the offer saying that Americans just deposed one King George, they should not replace him with another. There are only two other known buttons of its kind in the United States. $1,500 - $3,000

172 George Washington Clipped Signature, Plus Lot of 3. Washington, George (1732-1799). First President of the United States (1789-1797). Clipped signature on laid paper, 3.75 x 1.25 in.

Framed together with an engraving of Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton, featuring him astride his horse, Blueskin, pointing his sword. Published by Kendall Bank Note Publishers, produced by John Faed R.S. A., and engraved by William Holl, ca 1865; and a bronze commemorative presidential medal, 70mm, with a left facing bust portrait of the president surrounded by the words George Washington President of the United States 1789. 26 x 38 in. overall. $3,000 - $5,000

173 George Washington Lock of Hair Approx. 3 strands of President George Washington’s hair, housed in a modern, museum quality frame under glass with pieces of the red cedar case that contained George Washington’s coffin. The relics are framed together with a modern portrait of Washington and his facsimile signature, 18 x 22 in. overall.

The strands of hair were once part of a larger lock of hair presented to Thomas Farmer in 1845 by a young lady employed by a hair braiding establishment on Chatham St., New York.

The young lady, who was in the process of making a locket or bracelet from Washington and General Andrew Jackson’s hair for a jewelry store on Broadway, gave a lock of the hair to Farmer. The strands offered here were obtained from Farmer’s lock, originally accompanied by a letter of provenance, which previously sold at Alexander Autographs on October 15, 2005.

Copies of the previous auction listing and letter of provenance accompany the lot, as well as a Letter of Authenticity signed by Ryan T. Mack of Griffin Memorabilia.

The removed pieces from the original outer case that housed Washington’s casket in 1799 were once part of a larger piece presented to Congressman Timothy Hedges in 1831, and the lot includes a copy of a letter from Mrs. Paul Hedges, the wife of a descendant of Timothy Hedges, tracing the provenance of the relic, as well as a Letter of Authenticity signed by Ryan T. Mack. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln

174 George Washington Signed Envelope, Addressed to Benedict Arnold Washington, George (1732-1799). First President of the United States (17891797). Signed Envelope. 3.5 x 6.5 panel from a larger sheet. Across the top is Honble. Major Genl. Arnold. Second line has been water damaged. Lower left G. Washington and lower right Philadelphia. N.p., n.d. Most of the address is secretarial, with Washington’s franked signature. Originally affixed to 13 x 17.5 in. illustration board along with an engraving of George Washington based on a painting by George Stewart, newspaper articles from The London Morning Herald announcing the death and funeral of Washington, Jan. 25 & 27, 1800, and a clipped medallion paper portrait of Washington. (There is a label for an early Washington stamp, now missing.)

Although the date is missing, it likely dates to between June 1778 when Benedict Arnold (1741-1801) was appointed military commander of Philadelphia after the British withdrawal from that city and April 1780 when he resigned this command. When he came to Philadelphia he was active in the social scene of the town, and through this met 18-year-old Loyalist Peggy Shippen. She would marry Arnold in April 1779, and throughout much of the year would try to convince her husband to offer his services to the British. After many conflicts with Washington and the Continental Congress (especially being passed over for promotion) and accusations about financial dealings, Arnold began secret negotiations with the British for a commission in that Army. Although negotiations with the British were “on again, off again,” the British seemingly suspicious of Arnold’s intentions, eventually the plan was conceived whereby Arnold would obtain the command of West Point, and turn it over to the British. Fortunately, British spy, Major John Andre, was captured carrying plans and coded instructions from Arnold. The General learned of Andre’s capture on September 24 while waiting to have breakfast with Washington, and fled to the HMS Vulture, waiting for him downstream from West Point. $2,000 - $4,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 175 George Washington Statuette by John Rogers Plaster statuette, WASHINGTON, height. 20 in., length 10 in., depth 10 in.

By John Rogers, New York, 1875. In excellent and sparking condition. $2,500 - $3,500

176 Embargo Act Tin Snuff Box, Ca 1807-1812 Small, oval tin snuff box painted black with metallic bronze border and inscription May Peace Once more/Our Trade Ref[s]tore, 4 x 3 in.

Very near the founding of the country, the United States was in a precarious position during the Napoleonic Wars. In an effort to maintain neutrality during the international conflict the United States attempted to trade with both warring nations, England and France.

The British attempted to conscript and imprison British-born, but naturalized United States citizens into the Royal Navy. Infuriated, President Thomas Jefferson and Congress passed the unpopular Embargo Act, which made it illegal to export any U.S. goods to Britain in order to weaken its economy and indirectly effect the outcome of the war. The lack of trade hurt the U.S. economy. Many began to say, “May peace restore our trade,” which is printed on the tin snuff box.

The act and its modifications proved difficult to enforce and President James Madison eventually terminated it, but tensions between the United States and Britain escalated so much that the United States declared war against Britain, sparking the War of 1812. $600 - $800 106

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177 Thomas Jefferson and John Adams Funeral Ribbon, 1826 Silk funeral ribbon, 2 x 7 in., commemorating the simultaneous deaths on July 4, 1826 of two of America’s most influential founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The ribbon features two busts of the founders with their inscribed death dates. Behind them is a weeping willow, American eagle, and two crossed American flags. Below the busts are an ink well and quill next to a roll of parchment. The inscription on the ribbon reads, Together they laboured for our country, together they have gone to meet their reward.

In 1826, Jefferson and Adams were the last two surviving members of the original revolutionaries. They began their political careers as close friends, but their approaches to government and the especially harsh 1800 presidential campaign made them bitter political rivals. The two were able to reconcile in 1812 and remained friends until their deaths, which were only five hours a part. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 178 Jackson and Decatur Broadside with Printed Letters from John P. Decatur and Susan Decatur, 1828 Printed broadside, 8 x 9.5 in., which was issued in 1828 as a counterresponse to the Adams administration’s inflammatory claims that, during a Senate meeting in 1819, Gen. Andrew Jackson threatened to “cut off the ears” of the senator of Virginia, John W. Eppes. The tale was garnished off with all the profanity which it suits the knaves of the day to put into the mouths of the General, says the broadside.

The print includes copies of letters from Sara Decatur, widow of Commodore Stephen Decatur, and his brother, John P. Decatur. The “voluntarily” written letters meant not so much to prove the falsehood of the oft forgery, as to prove the estimation...and shew the abandoned villainy of the miscreants who call up the ghosts of the illustrious dead... $500 - $700

179 Anti-Andrew Jackson Broadside, 1828 Presidential Campaign Recalling the War of 1812 Printed broadside, 13 x 21 in., headed A Brief Account of Some of the Bloody Deeds of General Jackson, no publisher, ca 1828. A striking testimony to one of the most bitter presidential campaigns ever fought. This graphic broadside, one of several circulated during the intense and bitter political contest of 1828, accuses Jackson of adultery, murder, and genocide. The existence of several broadsides - textually similar, but typographically different - may be evidence of a coordinated attack on “Old Hickory,” but may simply reflect strong local Anti-Jackson factions.

Here, Jackson is tagged a murderer in the execution of 13 militiamen during the War of 1812 (in two separate incidents); and for the merciless extermination of nearly 1,000 Indians in March 1814 and other Indian prisoners in 1818. The text is printed within bold black borders; similar borders divide the text into blocks; one small woodcut shows Jackson stabbing an enemy in the back on the streets of Nashville. At the top are woodcuts of six large coffins, with the names of the executed militiamen; others represent additional supposed victims of his cruelty. $3,000 - $4,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 180 Andrew Jackson ALS, 1828 Jackson, Andrew (1767-1864). President of the United States (18291837). ALS, 1p, 8 x 10.25 in. August 24, 1828. Addressed to “Mr. Earle.”

Jackson writes to his friend Mr. Earle from his home requesting that he retrieve a letter or article written by a doctor to the editor of the Knoxville Enquirer. If I should appear before the public, I will have to refer to it when looking over a review of the affair with Dickinson, writes Jackson. Mr. Earle is most likely Ralph E. Earl, Jackson’s portraitist and close friend. Earl, Jackson’s “court painter,” was a resident of Nashville and Jackson’s confidant. He followed Jackson to the White House and lived with him at the Hermitage until his death in 1838. The letter was possibly written while Jackson was campaigning for the presidency.

“The affair” Jackson refers to is his 1806 duel with Charles Dickinson.

Dickinson was the son-in-law of Joseph Ervin. Ervin wagered with Jackson on a horse race. One of Jackson’s friends felt Ervin mishandled the bet and spoke against him. Dickinson took personal offense to the slanderous comments and wrote Jackson several letters (as did Jackson) teeming with insults. Tensions escalated until Dickinson published a letter in the Nashville Review, calling Jackson a “worthless scoundrel.” Jackson challenged him to a duel.

On the outskirts of Kentucky the two men met, ready to die for honor. Dickinson, an expert marksman, took the first shot inches from Jackson’s heart. A wounded Jackson lifted his pistol and misfired.

Against protocol, he pulled back his hammer again and shot a fatal bullet through Dickinson. Instead of regaining Jackson’s honor, the duel tarnished it. This became a particular juicy nugget of gossip for his political adversaries who frequently referred to it to question Jackson’s integrity. $1,500 - $2,000

182 Rare Andrew Jackson Our Welcome Guest Ribbon Blue silk ribbon, 1.5 x 7 in., featuring printed portrait of Andrew Jackson at center surrounded by the phrase, Andrew Jackson, Our Welcome Guest.

Andrew Jackson’s strong personality solidified him as one of America’s most memorable presidents. This example is one of the most sought after political ribbons, because it is one of the first pictured “political” ribbons of its kind. A prized item in any collection. $2,500 - $3,000 181 Andrew Jackson Presidential Signed Land Grant Jackson, Andrew (1767-1845). DS as President of the United States (1829-1837). 1p, 9.75 x 15.75 in., dated at Washington, May 22, 1829.

Filed at Crawfordsville, IN, for 80 acres to John Caruaguy(?) and Chester Chadwick. $600 - $800

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 183 Andrew Jackson Funeral Ribbon, Battle of New Orleans, 1845 Silk ribbon, 3.25 x 8 in., commemorating the life of Andrew Jackson. Features a bust portrait, a scene of Jackson commanding his forces at the Battle of New Orleans, and a quote from Thomas Jefferson, He has filled the measure of his country’s glory. Published by W.L. Germon, 1847. $600 - $800

184 Sixteen Political and Funeral Pin Medals From Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay, Stephen Douglas, Plus Lot of 16 political and funeral pin medals from a variety of presidents and presidential candidates, including: Andrew Jackson funeral pin medal (1); Henry Clay political and funeral medals (5); William Henry Harrison political medals (3); Stephen Douglas political medals (2); John C. Fremont political pin medal (1); George McClellan political medals (2); General Marquis de Lafayette commemorative medal (1); and a temperance pin medal (1).

Refer to cowans.com for a detailed description of each medal offered in the lot. $1,000 - $1,500

185 Martin Van Buren, No Bank Monopoly Presidential Campaign Ribbon Silk presidential campaign ribbon, 2 x 7 in., with the bust of the first president born as an American citizen, Marvin Van Buren, voicing his opposition to the National bank like his predecessor Andrew Jackson.

N. Dearborn, Boston, 1840.

President Jackson and Van Buren vehemently rattled against the bank claiming it worked against many Americans. Jackson said to Van Buren, “The Bank is trying to kill me, Sir, but I will kill it!” Jackson managed to kill the bank by vetoing its charter. However, its discontinuance caused a major financial crisis that gripped Van Buren’s presidency and contributed to his loss for reelection in 1840. $500 - $700

186 Martin Van Buren Illustrated Letterhead, 1843 Illustrated, 4pp lettersheet featuring a 2.5 x 2.5 in. engraving of the eighth president, Martin Van Buren, by N. Dearborn, Boston, with facsimile signature. Letter is an 8 x 10 in., 3p ALS, dated September 24, 1843, from William Mark of Bellow Falls, VT, addressed to his brother, John Mark, in Sheffield, OH, regarding the death of a four month old child and his mother, and other family matters. $500 - $700 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics Before Lincoln 187 Rare William Henry Harrison Lady’s Coin Purse, 1840 Pink, double-sided William Henry Harrison political ribbon likely created as or hand-sewn into a lady’s coin purse, 3 x 3.5 in. Features a bust of the president with bold lettering, Harrison and Our Countrys Welfare. A frequent change of Rulers. On the reverse, a printed scene of his log cabin with the continued message, Is the soul of Republicanism.

Keep the Ball Moving. $400 - $600

reverse

POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana 188 Abraham Lincoln, Rare Bronze Life Mask

by Clark Mills Original bronze life mask of Lincoln by Clark Mills (1810-1883) taken on his last birthday, February 12, 1865. Lincoln previously had another life mask executed by Volk in 1860.

Signed on the back, Clark Mills. Approx. 11 x 8 x 7.5 in.

Mills’ casts are quite rare, with only two plasters of it being offered at auction (Ostendorf and Treadway Toomay). This bronze predates the two plaster casts as well as the one housed in the Smithsonian. This example has the unbroken nostril and complete ears while the other examples do not. Unlike the later plasters, this bronze life mask is signed by the artist. The consignor relates that this example is possibly from the estate of Clark Mills, cast by his two sons.

Mills is best known for his bronze statue of Andrew Jackson on horseback located in President’s Park, situated on the north portico side of the White House. $5,000 - $7,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana 189 Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” Speech, Early New York Tribune Printing New York Tribune, NY, July 3, 1858. 8pp, 17 x 22 in. This issue contains an early printing of one of Abraham Lincoln’s greatest orations, the “House Divided” speech. Lincoln delivered the speech on June 16, 1858 when he accepted the Republican nomination for senator of Illinois against democrat Stephen A. Douglas.

It circulated around the United States because it eloquently captured tensions between the North and South and conveyed the sense of urgency many Americans felt was necessary to retain the crumbling Union. Lincoln urged that the policy of popular sovereignty that Douglass vehemently supported was not the solution to the question of slavery. He believed that the United States must come to a unanimous decision or it would ultimately dissolve. $1,500 - $2,000

detail

190 Anti-Abraham Lincoln Lithograph, The Rail Candidate, Published by Currier & Ives Lithograph, 17 x 12 in., titled The Rail Candidate. An unsigned 1860 presidential campaign-related cartoon likely drawn by Louis Maurer, published by Currier & Ives. Matted and framed, 22.5 x 17.5 in.

Abraham Lincoln’s frontier personality as a “rail splitter” was the focus of many cartoons produced during the 1860 presidential campaign.

In this example, the rail that Lincoln straddles uncomfortably, labeled Republican Plat-form, represents the party’s antislavery platform. The rail is carried by a black man at front and the abolitionist editor of

the New York Tribune, Horace Greeley, at the back. Greeley was one of Lincoln’s strongest supporters in the Northeast. Lincoln says, It is true I have split Rails, but I begin to feel as if “this” rail would split me, it’s the hardest stick I ever straddled. The black man complains...Dis Nigger strong and willin’, but its awful hard work to carry Old Massa Abe on nothing but dis ere rail!! Greeley assures the candidate, We can prove that you have split rails & that will ensure your election to the Presidency.

Although Lincoln personally believed in respecting the institution of slavery as it existed under the Constitution, he was firmly committed to keeping it from expanding into the western states and territories. $1,500 - $2,500

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana 191 Abraham Lincoln Inauguration Chromolithograph, Presidents of the United States by Bouclet, 1861 Chromolithograph, 19 x 25 in., titled Presidents of the United States, published by Francis Bouclet, 1861. Framed, 29 x 34 in.

In anticipation for the inauguration of the 16th president of the United States, Bouclet prematurely printed this poster but neglected the fact that Lincoln (at the request of young Grace Bedell) had a beard. The clean-shaven Lincoln proved difficult to sell, making it an especially rare print. $2,500 - $3,500

POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | Lincoln’s Rivals 192 Abraham Lincoln, Union and Liberty Graphic Paper Lapel Badge, 1864 In brilliant color, a paper lapel badge for the reelection of Abraham Lincoln, 8 x 3.5 in.

Satin and Paper Badge Depot, PA. 1864. The badge features a beardless, oval portrait of the president next to Lady Liberty.

Above, it has the slogan Union and Liberty. Underneath, it reads, For President Abram Lincoln. The same slogan and portrait were used in the 1860 election as well. $900 - $1,200

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193 Abraham Lincoln, Champion Prize Envelopes - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds Complete Set Complete set of 5 patriotic envelopes titled Champion Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, published by J.H. Tingly, New York; copyright by T.S. Pierce, 1861. [Milgram AL 292-296].

Handsomely framed together with commercially printed CDVs of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, 18 x 27.75 in. $1,000 - $1,500

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | Lincoln’s Rivals 194 Confederate Electoral Ballot for Davis & Stephens, with Four Manuscript Versions, 1861 Lot of 5, including printed electoral ballot for the CSA election of 1861, endorsing Jefferson Davis for president, Alexander H. Stephens for vice president, and delegates for each of Virginia’s 16 districts, 5 x 6.25 in. Accompanied by four manuscript versions of the ballot, on sheets of blue lined paper, varying sizes in three hands. Parrish & Willingham 6041 listing two holdings.

The printed ticket and four manuscript examples are signed on the back, indicating that each ballot was actually cast. Voters were required to have their signatures verified by the electoral officials on presenting their ballots, which were then marked and placed in the ballot box.

The manuscript tickets were likely written up when the printed ones ran out. Neither the Museum of the Confederacy nor the Virginia Historical Society has an example of a handwritten ballot.

In Confederate Virginia, there were 16 districts as opposed to 13 districts under the US Congress. Thus, in addition to Davis for president and Stephens for vice president, there are 16 electors listed, plus 2 electors for state at large. $500 - $700

195 Abraham Lincoln Poll Book: Lincoln Vs. Douglas An 1860 Indiana poll book and tally paper for the presidential election of Abraham Lincoln verses Stephan Douglas. The 5pp poll book is composed of lined, bifolium sheets, folded into a portfolio. Each slate lists the thirteen electoral candidates. It gives the total number of votes cast for each slate while others simply number and list the names of the voters. The 1 p, 17 x 21 in. tally paper has the identical four slates printed alongside handwritten hatch marks. The results show Douglas defeating Lincoln 133 votes to 69 votes.

The high-stakes election was a battle between the well-known politician Stephan Douglas and the newly popular Abraham Lincoln.

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Lincoln captured national attention of Americans with the famous 1858 debates between he and Douglas for one of two senate seats for Illinois. Despite his success in the debates, Lincoln lost to Douglas.

The two politically sparred against each other again in 1860 for the highest position in the United States. This time Lincoln was the victor.

His nomination, however, sparked the immediate secession of many Southern states. The day after the election Lincoln turned to a crowd of callers and said, “‘Well, boys, your troubles are over now, but mine have just begun.” $1,000 - $1,500

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | Lincoln’s Rivals

196 Ohio Copperhead Vallandigham & Pugh Cloth Political Banner, 1863 A cotton campaign banner, 69 x 7 in., inscribed Union of States Forever!

Vallandigham & Pugh.

Clement Vallandigham (1820-1871) and George Pugh ran for governor and lieutenant-governor of Ohio in the complicated election of 1863.

Vallandigham was originally a member of the democratic party but led the Copperheads, a democratic political faction ferociously against the Civil War. He and his party believed that Lincoln should let the Confederacy secede in order to stave off any violence. He voiced his sentiments so loudly that he was arrested in May 1863 and tried for infringing upon General Order No. 38. His running mate, George Pugh, tried to defend him and claimed that his arrest was unlawful, but the

court found Vallandigham guilty. Lincoln commuted his sentence from imprisonment to banishment to the Confederacy. Following the president’s orders, soldiers transferred him from a prison in Boston to enemy lines in Murfreesboro, TN where he said, “I am a citizen of Ohio, and of the United States. I am here within your lines by force, and against my will. I therefore surrender myself to you as a prisoner of war.”

Despite his banishment, the Ohio Democratic Party announced at the June 11th convention that he could run as Governor in absentia.

Pugh assumed Vallandigham’s campaign duties and represented his views on the trail. They ultimately lost the election because victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg convinced many Ohioans to vote for the Union party leader. $4,000 - $6,000

reverse

197 Scarce George McClellan and James Pendleton Ferrotype, 1864 Double-sided political badge, 25 mm., containing tintype portraits of George McClellan and James Pendleton set with its original gilded brass shell. McClellan’s ferrotype is surrounded by a shield-shaped opening on the right and left with olive wreaths and six stars. It is set in a circular metallic frame. Pendleton’s ferrotype is also set in a circular metallic frame surrounded by an olive wreath.

President Lincoln fired McClellan as general-in-chief after his embarrassing defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.

Bitter, McClellan attempted to write a lengthy report against the administration and ran against Lincoln in the 1864 election. The Democratic party nominated him for their presidential candidate and Ohio Senator, James Pendleton for vice president, but neither of them were able to secure enough votes. Lincoln won the election by a landslide, securing almost 70 percent of the Army of the Potomac votes. $1,500 - $2,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | Lincoln’s Rivals

198 Abraham Lincoln Poll Book: Lincoln Vs. McClellan An 1864 Indiana presidential poll book and tally paper calculating the votes between candidates Abraham Lincoln and George McClellan.

The 5pp poll book includes a printed list of all the candidates as well as the hand-written number of votes. One page includes a partially printed statement signed by the local election “inspector,” judges and clerks, certifying the number of votes cast for the candidates.

The light blue tally page is signed by the same leaders with identical slates and hash marks as the poll book. Lincoln wins 208 votes to McClellan’s 63 votes.

Arguably one of the most crucial elections in the history of the United States, the 1864 presidential race pitted a seasoned Lincoln against his troublesome former general, George McClellan. Lincoln

dismissed McClellan as General-in-Chief based on a litany of poor decisions and embarrassing losses. Infuriated, McClellan lashed out against Lincoln and ran against him for president. McClellan ran on an anti-war platform, promising that he would negotiate peace terms with the Confederacy to help end the war as soon as possible.

Lincoln ran on a pro-war format, predicting a quick end to the war with a Union victory. For the first time in history, soldiers in the field were allowed to vote for candidates. McClellan was a beloved general, but the soldiers’ love did not match the loyalty they felt to their commander in chief. At the time of the election a string of timely Union victories convinced many that the war was in its final phase, causing many to cast their votes for Lincoln instead of McClellan.

Lincoln heartily won the election. $1,000 - $1,500

POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana 199 Abraham Lincoln Presidential Signed Appointment for Avery B. Cain, Second Lieutenant, August 1861 Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865). President of the United States (1861-1865). DS, 1p, 12.25 x 16.75 in., with embossed seal affixed upper left. Washington, August 5, 1861. Appointment of Avery B. Cain as Second Lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry. Signed by Lincoln as President (1860-1865) and Simon Cameron (1799-1889) as Secretary of War (1861-1862).

Vermont native, Avery B. Cain enlisted as a 2nd lieut. in August 1861 and was commissioned into the US Army 4th Infantry. He was promoted to 1st lieut.; Capt. by brevet, May 1863 (Chancellorsville, VA); Capt., October 1863; and Major by brevet, May 1864; (North Anna River, VA). The date of Cain’s discharge is unknown, but he survived the war, passing away in 1879. $3,000 - $5,000

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana 200 Abraham Lincoln Cabinet Secretaries, W.H. Seward & E.M. Stanton, Signed CDVs Lot of 2 CDVs, the first an autographed portrait of Abraham Lincoln’s trusted friend and Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton (18141869), published by Franklin & Co., Washington, D.C., the second an autographed profile view of Secretary of State, W.H. Seward (18011872), published by the New York Photographic Co. $500 - $700

201 Abraham Lincoln Lock of Hair Four strands of Abraham Lincoln’s hair, presented to one of his secretaries, Edward D. Neill before Lincoln’s assassination.

This lock of hair was purchased from the Macalester College Library, an institution founded by Mr. Neill. Framed together with brief biography, portrait and photocopied signature, 22 x 18 in. Accompanied by Letter of Authenticity signed by Ryan T. Mack, recounting the original state of the lock of hair, as well as a photocopied letter of sale from the college. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | The Assassination & Funeral

202 John Wilkes Booth Dueling Target Pistol American made dueling pistol, 17 in. long, 10.5 in. octagonal barrel of .43 cal. with a good bore. Bottom of barrel stamped J.G. SYMS 44 CHATHAM ST. NY. The pistol has a walnut half-stock with checkered grip, light floral scroll engraving on the lock, patent breech, and triggerguard. It also has double lines of gold inlaid at the breech, front and rear sights and a single set trigger. John G. Syms was the brother of William Syms, partner of Blunt and Syms, which produced percussion pistol between the 1840s-1850s in New York City. The pistol is accompanied by a 3pp letter written by Col. J.H. Willets to his daughter, in which he references the dueling pistol that he had presented to his grandson and its previous owner, John Wilkes Booth.

On the night of April 15, 1865 John Wilkes Booth pulled the hammer of a .44-caliber Derringer pistol and fired a bullet through the head of the unsuspecting President. Through a cloud of smoke he leaped onto the stage and yelled Sic semper tyrannis! The action secured the gun and its marksmen a place in infamy. Although this is not the same firearm, this dueling pistol was held and shot several times by the same gunman who killed the President.

Colonel J.H. Willets was President of Court Martials during the Civil War in Washington, D.C. In his leisure time he participated in shooting

as sport at a local gallery. He was considered one of the best shots in the city and, as a gift, the proprietor of a shooting gallery in Washington, A New Orleans Creole named Pierre, presented him with this dueling pistol. Prior to Willets’ possession, the pistol was one of a pair used in New Orleans for duels (Willets gifted the other pistol to another family member). In the letter to his daughter, dated Dec. 4, 1916, Willets recounts that Pierre explained that he loaned the pistols in affairs of Honor…each pistol killed more than one man. Willets competed with many men in Pierre’s gallery, and one of his contenders was John Wilkes Booth. He was a fine shot, explains Willets, [he] used this pistol many times. After using the pistol in competition, Booth shot Lincoln that following April with his Derringer. Willets gifted his dueling pistol and wrote about its past so that in years to come, the Boys seeing this old Relic of War Times, may know something of its History.

Along with the handwritten testimony is a collection of newspaper clippings confirming the pistol’s provenance, including an issue of “We Women,” published in Bridgetown, NJ, in October 1946, in which the story of Booth, Col. Willets, and the pistol is referenced, as well as a binder of additional paperwork detailing the life of its owner, Col. Willets. $15,000 - $30,000

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203 Ford’s Theatre, Two Stereoviews Showing the Private Box and Chair in Which Lincoln Was Seated When Assassinated Lot of 2 stereoviews by E. & H.T. Anthony & Co. capturing the private box and theater seat where Lincoln was murdered on Good Friday, April 14, 1865. No. 3404 and 3405 of the War Views series. $500 - $1,000

204 Abraham Lincoln Assassination, CDVs of Lincoln’s Personal Effects & John Wilkes Booth’s Boot Lot of 2 CDVs lacking studio imprints, the first exhibiting a framed collection of Lincoln’s personal effects, including his straight razor along with a framed photo of William Shaw’s 1860 portrait of him (O-33); the second shows the damaged boot John Wilkes Booth wore when he jumped from Lincoln’s private box. Ca 1865. $400 - $600

205 Abraham Lincoln Funeral Procession, Assembling of the People of Detroit, April 18, 1865, Photograph by Gileo Oval albumen photograph, 4.5 x 3.625 in., titled Assembling of the People of Detroit, April 18th, 1865, at Abraham Lincoln’s Funeral Procession. On 9 x 6.75 in. mount. Photographed by J.E. Gileo, Cato, MI (stamped on verso). Ca 1865.

Lincoln’s body did not come to Detroit and, on the date of this photograph, was still in Washington, D.C. A mourning bedecked pavilion is in the background, with a large crowd surrounding it.

A scarce photograph. $500 - $1,000

206 Abraham Lincoln Funeral, Philadelphia, CDV of Hearse Used to Carry his Body During the Procession Albumen carte of the hearse used to carry Lincoln’s body during the funeral procession through the streets of Philadelphia. Photographed

by A.M. Allen, Pottsville, PA. Ca 1865. $500 - $700

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | The Assassination & Funeral 207 Abraham Lincoln Funeral, Cleveland, Remains of President Lincoln Lying in State, Photograph by Sweeny Albumen photograph, 9 x 7 in., on 12 x 10 in. mount with mourning border, featuring printed title Monument Square and Pavilion/ Cleveland, O./ Remains of President Lincoln lying in State. Photographed by Sweeny, Cleveland.

An image of beauty and tonality, showing a large portion of the square, the monument in the background, obscured by just budding trees. In the center is a mourning bedecked pavilion where Lincoln was to lie in state. A seemingly endless line of Cleveland mourners clutch their umbrellas on a fittingly gloomy, blustery day. Soldiers stand at attention with their rifles while the crowd snakes around the tree lined city block waiting to pay their respects to their Commander-in-Chief. $1,500 - $2,500

208 Abraham Lincoln Funeral Procession, Chicago, Rare Large Format Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 15 x 12.75 in., capturing Abraham Lincoln’s funeral procession passing through the funeral arch on 12th Street in Chicago, IL. Although uncredited, the photograph was taken by S.M. Fassett between May 1 and 2, 1865. Mounted, 17.625 x 15.125 in.

A long procession of thirty-six maidens in white surround the Chicago hearse in which Lincoln’s body rests. The carriage and women move

underneath an ornately decorated three-arched facade that towers over the city street. The banner adorning the facade reads “We Honor Him Dead who honored Us while living/ Rest in Peace Nobel Soul, Patriot Heart./ Faithful to Right, A Martyr to Justice.” Droves of men on the sidewalk take off their hats and face the camera; many are soldiers in uniform.

A rare, large format example of a photograph illustrated in Twenty Days (Kunhardt and Kunhardt 1965, p. 232). $3,000 - $5,000

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209 Abraham Lincoln Funeral Procession, Chicago, Rare Large Format Albumen Photograph Albumen photograph, 13.75 x 9.5 in., of the somberly decorated funeral train housing Abraham Lincoln’s remains, waiting on a trestle that carried the tracks out over Lake Michigan, Chicago, IL, with a small

crowd of mourners watching from the banks. Although uncredited, this rare, large format view was likely taken by S.M. Fassett between May 1st and 2st, 1865. Mounted, 16.5 x 12.25 in.

A cropped example of this photograph is illustrated in Twenty Days (Kunhardt and Kunhardt 1965, p. 234-235). $3,000 - $5,000

210 Abraham Lincoln Funeral, Chicago, Order of Procession, May 1, 1865 Printed handout, 9.25 x 12 in., Order of Procession for the funeral and the Reception of the Remains of Abraham Lincoln on May 1, 1865, held in Chicago, IL, with mourning border. R.M. Hough, the Chief Marshal, heads the procession. The listed Pall Bearers include Chicago dignitaries and people who Lincoln knew. Following is the Guard of Honor, all mounted; indeed the only ones allowed to be on horses were the Marshals. Following is the General Procession, consisting of bands, soldiers, and various societies.

Near the end, “Colored citizens” were allowed to march - just after the “United Sons of Erin.” Quite scarce, as most were destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. $2,000 - $3,000

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211 Abraham Lincoln Funeral, Springfield, Group of Stereoviews, Incl. Hall, Townsend, Carbutt, & More Lot of 18 stereoviews of Abraham Lincoln’s funeral in Springfield, IL. Includes two uncredited views of Lincoln’s home draped in mourning, one of which has his horse, Old Bob, standing out front; six views of the Illinois State Capitol draped in mourning and the funeral procession passing by (one by Carbutt of Chicago, one by A.C. Townsend, Springfield, and four by Ridgway Glover); three of mourners lining the streets of Springfield (two by Schreiber & Glover, one uncredited); one uncredited view of the entrance to Oak Ridge Cemetery; five of the receiving tomb at Oak Ridge, with guards on duty (two by C.H. Hall, Springfield, one by C. Mohr, Jr., one by Glover, one uncredited); and an uncredited view of Lincoln’s second tomb, by Scibird & Cressey of Springfield. $3,500 - $4,500

212 Abraham Lincoln, Stereoviews of the Springfield Tomb and Sarcophagus Lot of 2 stereoviews, including one by J.A.W. Pittman, Springfield, IL, showing the Lincoln Tomb at Oak Ridge Cemetery, on a standard orange mount with 1877 copyright, and a cabinet-size view by McLain & Company, Wabash, IN, showing the sarcophagus inside the tomb.

Both with descriptive printed labels on verso. $300 - $500

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Lincolniana | The Assassination & Funeral 213 Abraham Lincoln Funeral, Springfield, CDV Showing Interior of the President’s Tomb, by Ingmire Carte de visite of President Lincoln’s Tomb,- Interior View. Photographed

by F.W. Ingmire, Springfield, IL. $400 - $600

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214 Alexander Gardner Photograph of the Hanging of the Lincoln Conspirators, Plus Albumen photograph, 8.5 x 7 in., capturing the hanging of the Lincoln conspirators from the gallows in the yard of Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. Taken on July 7, 1865, this is one of a series of seven photographs produced by Alexander Gardner. The conspirators include, from left to right, Mary Surratt (in the black dress), Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt. A crowd of civilians and soldiers watch the bodies of the traitors hang lifelessly from the gallows. On original mount, professionally matted and framed, 16.25 x 13 in.

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Accompanied by the booklet entitled Trial of the Conspirators for the Assassination of Lincoln: Argument of John A. Bingham Special Judge and Advocate in Reply to the Arguments of the Several Counsel for Mary E. Surratt, David E. Herold, Lewis Payne, George A. Atzerodt, Michael O’Laughlin, Samuel A. Mudd, Edward Spangler and Samuel Arnold, Charged with Conspiracy and the Murder of Abraham Lincoln, Late President of the United States, 122 p., printed by the Government Printing Office, 1865. $3,500 - $4,500

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics After Lincoln 215 James A. Garfield, Cabinet Photograph by Brady with Clipped Signature Garfield, James A. (1831-1881). President of the United States (1881), after completing nine consecutive terms in the US House of Representatives (18631881). Major General in the Union Army (1861-1863). Only four months into his term, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, and died two and a half months later of blood poisoning. Clipped signature, 4 x 1.75 in. Ink signed, James A. Garfield, Hiram, Ohio. Accompanied by albumen cabinet photograph of Garfield, by Mathew Brady, ca 1869. $500 - $700

216 Benjamin Harrison & Levi P. Morton, Jugate Campaign Textile Red, white, and blue printed cotton bandanna, 22.75 x 21.75 in., featuring portraits of candidates in center, each derived from engravings by H.B. Hall’s Sons, NY, surrounded by circle of white stars, with legend: For President/ Benj. Harrison/ of Indiana/ For Vice President/ Levi P. Morton/ of New York. US shield and flags above.

Legend between portraits and below: Our Choice/ 1888/ Protection to Home/ Industries. Eagle and flag in each corner with stars between.

See Collins’ Threads of History, fig. 596. $400 - $600

217 Benjamin Harrison & Levi P. Morton Campaign Textile Red, white, and blue printed silk bandanna, 19.5 x 19 in. (sight), with American flag at center with legend: For President. Benjamin Harrison./ For Vice President. Levi P. Morton; surrounded by the following phrases: Protection vs. Free Trade/ Pensions for the Soldiers/ and Aid for Free Schools. Patented June 28, 1888 and produced by A.S. Rosenthal & Co., NY. Framed, 22 x 20.5 in. See Collins’ Threads of History, fig. 638. $400 - $600

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics After Lincoln 218 Diamond and Platinum Pendant Containing Painted Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt A platinum and diamond starburst pendant with a hidden locket that opens to reveal a miniature, painted portrait of Theodore Roosevelt. The front of the 36mm. hexagonal pendant contains one European cut diamond weighing approximately .20 carats surrounded by ten rose cut diamonds set in a circular pattern in bezels. Spraying out from the center are 102 additional rose cut diamonds with alternating panels ending in European cut diamonds.

The perimeter of the pendant is bordered by a granulated channel containing 24 bezel set European cut diamonds. The clip style bail is removable and contains three European cut diamonds. The total diamond weight is approximately 2.0 carats. The reverse of the pendant reveals a hidden locket with two spring hinged doors that open to expose a painted miniature portrait of Roosevelt. The entire piece is suspended by a 27” bar and loop platinum chain and weighs 25.1 dwts.

The consignor relates that the pendant once belonged to Theodore Roosevelt’s daughter, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, although the item is not accompanied by any formal, written documentation attesting to this provenance. $1,500 - $3,000

reverse detail

Lots 219-223 — The Leo Miller Collection Weary from politics and thirsty for danger, Theodore Roosevelt sought adventure to escape his failures of the 1912 election. After a safari in Africa he looked towards South America and a treacherous, unpredictable waterway aptly named the Rio da Duvida or River of Doubt. Death on the scientific crusade was a very real possibility.

Many of Roosevelt’s friends fretted over his safety. Laughing in the face of peril he replied, “I have already lived and enjoyed as much of life as any nine other men I know; I have had my full share, and if it necessary for me to leave my bones in South America, I am quite prepared to do so.” His chortles silenced when the voyage shifted from a confident trek to a harrowing journey. In Candice Miller’s book River of Doubt (2005) she explains, “Compared with the creatures of the Amazon, including the Indians whose territory they were invading, they were all – from the lowliest camarada to the former president of the United States – clumsy, conspicuous prey.”

Roosevelt traveled with a large entourage of twenty-two men made up of scientists, explorers, camaradas (guides), his son, Kermit, and mammologist, Leo Miller (1887-1952). The American Museum chose Miller for the Roosevelt-Rodon exploration based on his expertise in tropical regions. His delineative notes documented over 450 specimens and 97 different species in several regions including western Matto Grosso, where Roosevelt reportedly wore the spur offered as Lot 221. The collection of mammals he accumulated was the first, and practically only, mammal material the American Museum received from either Brazil or Paraguay at that time. In total, the 900-mile, 40-day excursion gathered 2,000 species of birds and 500 mammals, but the scientific accomplishments came at a cost.

The men barely survived the journey. While traveling, Roosevelt severely gashed his leg. It became infected and almost killed him. In the middle of their route, a fever rendered him unconscious. When he woke, he said, “Boys, I realize some of us are not going to finish this journey. Cherrie, I want you and Kermit to go on. You can get out. I will stop here.” Kermit refused his father’s wishes and pushed on.

Roosevelt returned to the United States sixty pounds lighter, hobbling on a cane, and too weak to speak above a whisper. He did not “leave [his] bones” on the muddy banks of the Rio da Duvida, he did, however, sacrifice some of his life blood. “The Brazilian wilderness stole away 10 years of my life,” confessed Roosevelt. He never fully recovered from his leg injury and suffered almost constant malarial bouts until his death in 1919.

After the expedition, Miller continued to document and explore South America. In a letter included in Lot 220, Roosevelt expressed how very pleased he was that Miller planned to publish his “Tales” from their adventure in his first book, In the Wilds of South America (1918). His experiences inspired several other fictional stories set in the Brazilian wilderness. All of the books including In the Wilds of South America are offered in Lot 220; five are inscribed by Miller.

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics After Lincoln 219 Theodore Roosevelt Signed Portrait in Graphite by Jean Parke, From the Leo Miller Collection Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919). President of the United States (19011909). Signed graphite portrait by Jean Parke, 1912. 12 x 14 in. (sight), framed, 17 x 20 in.

Little information is available regarding the work of female artist, Jean Parke, but research indicates that her drawings were reproduced in several publications during the first quarter of the 20th century. A reproduction of this signed portrait of Roosevelt was published in an October 1912 issue of The Metropolitan, and an advertisement printed later in the issue, headed “Are you a Bull Moose? or Moose-ette?” states that a “limited number of artist’s proofs of Jean Parke’s autographed photogravure of Colonel Roosevelt” are available. $2,000 - $4,000

220 Leo Miller, Naturalist & Explorer Involved in Theodore Roosevelt’s “River of Doubt” Expedition, Archive Featuring Correspondence from Roosevelt and his Sons An archive of approximately 23 letters, some with envelopes; 6 books, 5 signed by the author; 3 photographs, including the original 5.25 x 3.25 in. silver gelatin print of identified members of the South American expedition, as well as an enlarged copy print; a scrapbook of newspaper clippings referencing Leo Miller’s accomplishments; lecture broadsides; and a South American artifact.

Six of Miller’s letters are from Theodore Roosevelt, including two ALsS from January and April, 1917, and four TLsS dating from November 1914 through December 1917. Eleven letters are from his sons, Theodore Jr. (five TLsS, Jan. - May 1934) and Kermit Roosevelt (two ALsS, Feb. 1916 and Feb. 1917; four TLsS, July 1930 - May 1938).

Theodore Roosevelt Sr.’s letters respond to Miller’s expeditions and adventures and offer well wishes for Miller’s book about their exploits in the Amazon.

In a November 3, 1915 TLS, Roosevelt writes to his dear Miller, You must have had a most interesting trip. By George, those maribundi wasps are serious menaces to the health and life! When you are in the lowlands, do keep a lookout for the giant anaconda...[the American Museum of Natural History] have never yet gotten the skin or the skeleton of one...

In another TLS, dated November 4, 1914, Roosevelt wrote, I received your note too late to answer before you had left. I hope this will be sent to you.

I shall be very much pleased to have the Saki named after me, and I am even more pleased to learn how many new things we got in the mammal collection. It is fine! And, I am sure, you will do even better now.

I am also very much pleased that you think you will be able to publish your Tales in book form. Send me a copy of the Cock-a-della Rocky article, as soon as you can, and I will submit it to Scribner’s.

Give my warm regards to Messrs. Huxley and Gibbon. I cannot help but wish that I was along...

The “Tales,” as Roosevelt called them, culminated into Miller’s first nonfiction book, In the Wilds of South America (1918). His experiences produced several other fiction novels: The Hidden People (1920); In the SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics After Lincoln Tiger’s Lair (1921); The Black Phantom (1922); Adrift on the Amazon (1923); and The Jungle Pirates (1925), each published by Charles Scribner’s Sons.

All of the books are available in this lot, with the five fiction novels personally inscribed by Miller to family members.

The collection also includes correspondence from Paul R. Cutright written during his time as a member of the faculty at Beaver College, Jenkintown, PA (four TLsS,1943-1955; ALS, Jan. 1956). Dr. Cutright, who is best known for his extensive study of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which developed into a 506pp volume, Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists (1969), was writing to Miller in hopes of interviewing him about his experiences with Roosevelt. He was in the process of writing a book focusing on Roosevelt as a naturalist. In the ALS from Cutright, dated Jan. 1, 1956, he is actually writing to Miller’s wife expressing his sadness after hearing the news of her husband’s passing. $3,500 - $5,500

221 Spur Identified as Belonging to Theodore Roosevelt From the Leo Miller Collection A framed South-American engraved silver spur marked Garantido(?), identified as belonging to Theodore Roosevelt. The spur comes from a collection of correspondence, books, photographs, and other materials associated with Leo Miller, a mammalogist chosen by the American Museum for Roosevelt’s Brazilian expedition. On the verso of the frame, an inscription reads: Spur worn by Ex-Pres. Roosevelt-during the ride of 548 miles through Matto Grosso, Brazil. $800 - $1,200

details

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POLITICS IN AMERICA | Politics After Lincoln 222 Theodore Roosevelt 1905 Campaign Badge, He’s Good Enough For Me Cello campaign badge, 3.5 in. dia., featuring Homer C. Davenport’s political cartoon depicting Theodore Roosevelt and an admiring Uncle Sam placing his hand on Roosevelt’s shoulder. With figurative quote at bottom from Uncle Sam, He’s Good Enough For Me! Produced by S. Bunimowitz of N.Y., by permission of the N.Y. Evening Mail. $300 - $500

223 Louis Agassiz Fuertes (American, 1874-1927) Cock-of-the-Rock Watercolor and ink on paper laid on board, signed l.r. by Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874-1927), with inscription in lower margin, PLEASE KEEP THIS DRAWING CLEAN. Unframed. 15.25 x 11 in. (image size), 17 x 12.5 in. (board size).

An Ithaca, NY, native, Fuertes both studied and lectured in the ornithology department at Cornell University. In 1911, he embarked on an expedition to Buenaventura, Colombia, with bird curator Frank Chapman and field naturalist Leo E. Miller, both involved with the American Museum of Natural History. It is most likely during this trip that Fuertes drew this depiction of the Cock-of-the-Rock, which was subsequently featured as an illustration in several publications by Miller, including an article titled “In Quest of the Cock-of-the-Rock” (1917) and In the Wilds of South America (1918), a book recounting

Miller’s travels between 1911 and 1916. The purpose of these expeditions, partly financed by President Theodore Roosevelt after 1913, was “to make zoological studies and gather collections for the Museum [of Natural History], and to take observations and acquire data in the regions explored”, as Miller explained in an interview to the New York Times in October 1914. A large amount of Fuertes’ paintings and drawings, which are regarded as accurate renditions of South American wildlife and constitute a major contribution to the field of ornithology, are held at Cornell University (Biographical note from the Cornell University Guide to the Louis Agassiz Fuertes Papers, http://rmc.library. cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM02662.html; New York Times, “Roosevelt Backs Rio Teodoro Quest”, October 19th, 1914.) $2,000 - $4,000

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224 Sons of Liberty Letter, April 3, 1766 1p, approx. 5.5 x 8 in. New York, April 3d 1766. Lower left: “To ye Committee in Baltimore.” Docketing on verso: “From the Sons of L. in NY / to ____ d____ in Baltimore / Dated Apl 3d 66.”

A mysterious letter from the Sons of L, presumably the Sons of Liberty, in New York to their brothers in Baltimore discussing an act circulating throughout the Colonies. Presumably this was the Stamp Act which was passed in mid-1765 and caused considerable outrage in the colonies. It was the impetus for the formation of many of these branches of the organization. So much outrage was generated, in fact, that Britain repealed the act March 18, 1766, but that news may not have reached the colonies yet. (It took a while for letters to cross the Atlantic.) Here was the message from New York to Baltimore: Gentlemen We are favoured with yours of 24th Ultimo by Mr. McClure with your which we conceive to be as efficacious as any that we have seen.

Eastern provinces in all which it has been approved of and since sent westward We desire that you wd. forward Copies of it to all ye Southern Governments with as much Dispatch as possible, for we know not how soon we may be put to the test by that pack of infernal rascals – Granville and his Minions.

Whenever opportunity offers we Should be glad that you would communicate to Pensylvania [sic] as much as possible.

We should be fond of yr. opinion by the quickest conveyance relative to a General Congress in case the Act is to be enforced. By means of which a plan might be found to be pursued by the whole – as we expect our fate is Decided ere now, the sooner you communicate the better.

We are with ye utmost esteem Gentlemen yr Hble Svts.

The Sons of L (Sons of Liberty) were a secret organization formed in 1765 in Boston in opposition to the Stamp Act. Other chapters formed almost immediately throughout the colonies, including New York.

Notable members or “The Loyal Nine” (Boston) included: Paul Revere, Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Benedict Arnold, and Samuel Adams.

Less than reputable members were tavern mongers and wharf rats.

The motley group organized the Boston Tea Party, published articles in

newspapers, and printed broadsides all over the colonies. There is little known about the covert organization. Most of the information is from recovered documents and an invaluable account from an original member, years after the organization dissolved.

The signer of this letter is unknown, but clearly literate and educated, as indicated by the use of words such as “efficacious.” We were unable to match the hand to the more prominent members - Alexander McDougall, Isaac Sears (both privateers), Joseph Allicock (African American - unable to locate exemplar), John Lamb, Marinus Willett (not either one of them - exemplars in George Washington Papers).

Many of these men tried to remain anonymous. What they were doing bordered on treason, or at least terrorism. They often burned the offices of stamp sellers and other officials, and tarred and feathered many British sympathizers - officials and citizens alike. This is certainly a project for someone’s research, but since we do not even know all of the members of these scattered chapters of SOL, it is hard to compare the hand with all of them.

It is not even clear who Mr. McClure is. He does not show up in most references to the Baltimore group. The letter was sent to “_____ D______.” We were not able to locate who this might be, either. It is not one of the names on the letter sent from Baltimore to New York on March 8, 1766. In that letter Baltimore writes: “...That we will cheerfully cooperate with, and second all just endeavors made by our fellow Subjects in the Neighboring Colonies, to prevent the execution of that most unconstitutional Act commonly called the Stamp Act, and that we will pursue every necessary method to oppose the Introduction of that, or any other oppressive, arbitrary, and illegal Measure.... Our Society have also endeavor’d to form a Union of all the Countys in the Province, and from our Intelligence since rec’d we find it succeeds as we cou’d wish as the whole Province seems unanimous in prosecuting the same design....Our Society order us in a particular manner to return thanks to your Sons of Liberty for obliging our fugitive Stamp Master to resign his odius office, he having fled from the just Resentment of his injured Countrymen....(signed) Thos. Chase, Willm. Lux, D. Chamler, Robt. Alexander, Robt. Adair (https:// seaofliberty.org/explore/sons-liberty/419.)

An important letter, although possibly to remain anonymous forever. $5,000 - $10,000

verso detail

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225 John Hancock, Partial DS, April 1776 Hancock, John (1737-1793). President of the Continental Congress; first signer of the Declaration of Independence; first and third Governor of Massachusetts. Partially printed DS, clipped, 4 x 6.5 in., dated April 1776, from a military appointment of a surgeon in the Continental Army, signed as President of the Continental Congress. Professionally framed with an 1862 engraving by Johnson, Fry & Co., 16 x 25 in. overall. $5,000 - $7,000

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226 John Hancock Document Signed, 1792 Hancock, John (1737-1793). President of the Continental Congress; first signer of the Declaration of Independence; first and third Governor of Massachusetts (1780-1785, 1787-1793). Partially printed DS, 1p, 12 x 15.5 in. (sight), laid paper, dated May 1, 1792, appointing George Leonard an ensign in the 4th Regt., 1st Brig., 5th Div. of Massachusetts Militia. Signed by John Hancock as Governor of Massachusetts, and affixed with the state seal. $3,500 - $4,500

227 Arthur Middleton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Clipped Signature Middleton, Arthur (1742-1787). Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Clipped signature, 1.125 x .75 in., affixed to larger paper mount and accompanied by modern portrait of Middleton.

With Certificate of Authenticity signed by George Hollingsworth.

Arthur Middleton was a representative of the Continental Congress from North Carolina, but did not attend most of the sessions. In 1780, the British detained him and two other colonist sympathizers until July 1781. After his liberation, he remained in politics and served in the Virginia state legislature and as a trustee of the College of Charleston.

He died January 1787 at the age of 44. $3,000 - $5,000

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | Presidential & Political 228 Alexander Hamilton LS, 1789 Hamilton, Alexander (1755/57 - 1804). 2pp, secretarial LS as Secretary of the Treasury (1789-1795). [Washington], December 1, 1789. Along with the letter, Hamilton says he is sending the necessary forms to fill out with Returns to the Treasury (not in the lot). He goes on to tell the recipient of the letter (not identified) that these forms should be filled out monthly, and admonishes that as a public servant, it is his responsibility to fill these out with “the strictest care and punctuality.”

In the postscript, he gives instructions on how to handle the partial month left after the forms are received, etc.

Hamilton had been an aide to General Washington during the war, and became a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation in 1788.

He was one of the more enthusiastic promoters of the Constitution, writing over half of the installments of the Federalist Papers, and became a founder of the nation’s financial system, including establishing a mint. He influenced many other aspects of the fledgling nation from establishing political parties to the formation of (what would become) the Coast Guard - truly one of the Founding Fathers. $600 - $800

229 Alexander Hamilton Estate Document Signed by Constitutional Congress Members and Signers of the Constitution Incl. Gov. William Morris, 1804 Hamilton, Alexander (1755-1804). Vice President of the United States (1800-1804). Document signed by Governeur Morris, Rufus King, Egbert Benson, Oliver Wolcott, and Charles Wilkes. November 29, 1804.

Measures 6.5 x 6 in. with frame 9.5 x 12 in.

Political tensions ran so high in American politics in the 19th century that many resulted in gentlemen challenging each other to a duel.

The most famous casualty of honor was Alexander Hamilton. He dramatically died in a duel against the New York politician and 1800 presidential candidate, Aaron Burr. Fierce political opponents, Burr and Hamilton truly despised each other. Hamilton expressed his “despicable opinion” of Burr at a New York dinner party. One of the guests overheard Hamilton’s insults and wrote to a friend. The Albany Register published the scandalous letter. Burr challenged Hamilton to the fatal duel, which resulted in Hamilton’s “murder” and Burr’s arrest.

Despite his adept policies with the National Bank, Hamilton was miserably in debt before his death. In order to save his large family from his poor finances the five trustees of his estate (all close friends) 132

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purchased shares of his estate to defray his expenses. The certificate offered here is a product of their efforts.

Many of the men who signed this document were influential political leaders: Governeur Morris (1752-1862) signed the US Constitution and the Articles of Confederation. He was a very close friend to Hamilton and delivered his eulogy.

Rufus King (1755-1827) also signed the Constitution and was a US senator. He pleaded that Hamilton not accept the duel.

Egbert Benson (1746-1833) was a member of Congress and the Constitutional Convention like King and Morris.

Oliver Wolcott (1726-1797) succeeded Hamilton as the Secretary of Treasury and hosted the party where Hamilton railed against Burr.

Charles Wilkes (1764-1833) was a longtime friend and admirer of Hamilton and president of the Bank of New York.

The men succeeded in saving the Hamilton family from complete financial ruin. $3,000 - $5,000 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | Presidential & Political 230 Charles Pinckney, Signer of US Constitution, Indenture Signed Pinckney, Charles (1757-1824). Approx. 11.75 x 18 in., June 2, 1788, [Charleston]. Indenture for 100 acres of land from Frances Pinckney and Rebecca Motte to William Clay Snipes, witnessed by Thomas Pinckney Jr. and Charles Pinckney.

Charles Pinckney was born in Charles Town (Charleston), SC to a planter and lawyer of some means, and followed his father’s career. He was elected to the Continental Congress (1777-1778) and shortly after began practicing law. The Revolutionary War, however, put everything on hold - career, marriage, etc. He was captured when Charleston fell and held as a POW until June 1781.

He returned to the Continental Congress in 1784, and served in the state legislature for several terms. He went to the Constitutional Convention, although his contributions to the document are somewhat disputed. He was certainly a contributor to the debates and influenced some of the votes. He does seem to have been responsible for the clause that “no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.” He went on to chair South Carolina’s constitutional convention, and serve as President of the state senate. He was also governor of South Carolina for three terms (1789-1792, 1796-1798, 1806-1808) and represented his state in both the US Senate (1798-1801) and House (1819-1821). In addition he would be the Minister to Spain (1802-1804) during John Adams’ administration. After his term in the US House, he retired from politics, and died in his home in Charleston in 1824. $400 - $600

231 Military Appointment Signed by John Langdon and John Taylor Gilman, New Hampshire Governors & Continental Congress Appointment, 12 x 14.5 in., Sept. 15, 1810, [Concord]. For John McDonald as Captain of the 11th Company in the Fifth Regiment New Hampshire Militia. Just in time for the “Second Revolution.” Signed

by John Langdon as Governor, Samuel Sparhawk as Secretary of State. Along the side is a separate note stating that John McDonald requested permission to resign his commission, accepted by J.T. Gilman (John Taylor) as head of the militia.

John Langdon (1741-1819) was born in Portsmouth (NH) to a prosperous farmer. He eventually became a merchant with great success. A supporter of the Revolution, participating in actions against the British (seizure of munitions in Portsmouth) and becoming a shipbuilder, especially constructing privateers for naval operations against the British. He was a member of the New Hampshire Assembly and member of the Continental Congress (17756-1776). He was a signer of the Constitution and became the first President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate (1789 [Apr. - Aug.], 1792-1793). He served four terms as Governor of the State (1785-86, 1788-89, 1805-09, and 1810-12). He was nominated for the position of Vice President on the ticket with James Madison (1812), but declined. Langdon is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

The note accepting McDonald’s resignation is signed by John Taylor Gilman (1753-1828). He also represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress (1782-1783) and was Governor of New Hampshire for nearly a decade and a half (1794-1805, 1813-1816).

Born in Exeter, he also was a supporter of the Revolution, having the courage to read aloud a copy of the Dunlap broadside printing of the Declaration of Independence when it arrived July 16, 1776 (and act of treason in British eyes). He became a “Minuteman” and worked in the family shipbuilding business. Later he became a member of the state House of Representatives and held other state positions (State Treasurer, trustee of Dartmouth College, etc.). Although he did not hold as many national-level offices as Langdon, he was very influential in early New Hampshire politics. $400 - $600

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | Presidential & Political 232 Famous Virginia Governors, Incl. Dinwiddie, Lee, Letcher, & Kemper, Signed Montgomery County Land Deeds Four documents representing over a century of Virginia history, plus a hand-drawn land survey map of land along Meadow Creek, near the Ingles Ferry area on the New River in southwest Virginia.

Partially printed document, vellum, approx. 13.75 in. square, Williamsburgh [old sp.], Aug. 16, 1756. Signed by Robert Dinwiddie (1693-1770) Lt. Gov. of colonial Virginia (1751-1758). Some historians have (for the most part unfairly) blamed Dinwiddie for starting the French and Indian War, but others have demonstrated that it likely began several years before he became involved.

He was a stockholder in the Ohio Company, and took actions attempting to prevent the French from expanding south. At the time, Virginia claimed much of what became the Northwest Territory. Dinwiddie sent eight men under George Washington to Fort Le Boeuf in the winter of 1753-54 with a message inviting the French to leave the region. Without waiting for a response,

Dinwiddie then sent a small group of militia to build a fort at what would be later-day Pittsburgh, but the French overran the Virginians and built Fort Duquesne. Many territorial battles ensued, causing conflict over the financing of the war. Dinwiddie returned to England in 1758 and remained there the rest of his life.

Partially printed document, vellum, 12.5 x 15 in. Richmond, VA, May 17, 1793. For 50 acres along Meadow Creek to James Simpkins (presume 1757-1833). Signed by Henry (“Light Horse Harry”) Lee as Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia and father of famed Confederate General R.E. Lee. Henry Lee (1756-1818) made his name during the Revolutionary War staging lightning raids, generally with little loss to his unit. He started the war in the north, attracting the attention of George Washington and earning him rapid promotions. When the theater shifted south, so did Lee. After the British surrender, he returned home to marry his cousin, Matilda. But only eight years later, she died, leaving three small children and a grieving husband. Shortly after, Lee was elected Governor of Virginia, and while in Richmond, met Ann Hill Carter. After three terms as Governor, Lee married Ms. Carter and took her to the family home, Stratford. He then served in the Continental Congress. When George Washington died, Lee gave a memorial address in which he used the now-famous phrase that the former President was “First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen…”

Partially printed document, vellum, 11 x 13.25 in. Richmond, VA, April 1, 1863, signed by John Letcher as Governor. For 736 acres on “both sides of Meadow Creek” to James H. Simpkins (1826-1910). John Letcher (1813-1884) was born in Lexington, VA. In addition to being admitted to the Virginia Bar, he was editor of the Valley Star newspaper from 1840-1850 – a perfect position for involvement in politics. He was elected to the House for most of the 1850s. In 1859 he was elected Governor of Virginia, serving through most of the Civil War, after which he returned to his law practice in Lexington. He served in the Virginia Assembly and on the Board of Visitors at VMI (see lot 56 this sale) after his term as Governor.

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Partially printed document, vellum, 12.75 x 16.5 in. Richmond, VA, Dec. 1, 1877. For three+ acres on Meadow Creek to James H. Simpkins.

Signed by James L. Kemper, Governor. James Lawson Kemper (18231895) was born in Madison County, VA, and at a local school became friends with A.P. Hill, who would be a lifelong friend. Kemper then spent winters at a boarding school that had a military corps of cadets, and moved on to Washington College and took civil engineering classes at VMI. He was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1846. He and some friends volunteered during the Mexican War, but arrived too late for any action. In 1850 Kemper became involved in politics as a pro-slavery states’ rights candidate. He lost his first election, but was later elected to the Virginia House of Delegates. He was also an advocate of military preparedness and by 1858 was a Brig. Gen. in the Virginia militia. He was Speaker of the state House from 1861-1863, while at the same time serving in the Confederate Army. He fought in a number of major battles including the Peninsula Campaign, Second Manassas, Antietam, and Gettysburg, where he was famously wounded in Pickett’s Charge. He was also captured, but rescued, then captured again in September. Although too ill for battle, he was promoted to Maj. Gen. in 1864. The wound would plague him for the rest of his life.

After the war he served as the first post-reconstruction Governor of Virginia (1871-1878), the end of reconstruction being made official in 1877 with the order to withdraw Federal troops.

The map is on a 15.25 x 17.5 in. sheet and is a survey of two lots of land for James H. Simpkins, by W.J. Hall, Jan. 10, 1889. For additional information, including genealogies of the Simpkins and other families of Meadow Creek, go to: http://www.historybroker.com/collection/ deeds/index.htm. The land grants are in good condition, all retain their original seals, but some are faded. All have some toning, at least on the outer panels when folded. The survey map has some separations of its folds. $1,500 - $2,500

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | Presidential & Political 233 Minnesota Politician & U.S. Tax Commissioner, Delano T. Smith, Archive Featuring 1863 Diary Referencing Interactions with Lincoln, Plus Related Correspondence Lot of approx. 55 items related to Delano T. Smith (1830-1905), Civil War-era US Tax Commissioner (1863-1865). 2 Journals and collection of over 50 different papers. 1863-1904.

Born in Litchfield, NY, and educated at the Clinton Liberal Institute, Smith studied law and was admitted to the bar in Albany in 1852. He then traveled west to Dixon, IL, where he briefly practiced law. Within three years, Smith moved to Minnesota and became a prominent political figure in the Republican party, representing the state in both the house and senate. He specialized in financial matters, and as a result was highly recommended to serve as auditor for the US Treasury Department under Salmon Chase during Lincoln’s first administration.

Offered in the lot is a period copy of the letter of recommendation to Lincoln from the Republican Delegation in Congress dated January 15, 1861: [We] must respectfully command to your consideration our worthy friend and fellow citizen the Hon. Delano T. Smith of Minneapolis an applicant for an auditorship in the Treasury Department, writes the Minnesota delegation. Mr. Smith is a lawyer by profession and one of the most prominent and active Republicans in our State...he is accurate, efficient and honest.

Also offered in the lot is an ALS from Smith to Salmon P. Chase. Smith writes on March 21, 1863: I lay before you in writing the honor to converse with you on Wednesday last. You then reassured me of your friendship and continued interest in my welfare. This was the more gratifying to me, as nine months had passed since you sent for and stated to me your intentions in appointing me action auditor at the end of the fiscal year...I doubt not for a moment your good faith and intentions; but for some cause my appointment has been delayed, and possibly now may be inadmissible altogether.

While waiting for his appointment, Smith conducted business in Washington and met with the president. On March 27, 1863 he jotted down in his journal, Mellanie and I were at the Presidents to witness his interview with the wild Indians...Weeks passed and there was still no word on the appointment. On April 10th and 11th, Smith wrote, Drafted an abstract of recommendations for the auditorship and letter to Gov. Ramsey to sign to President- called at War Dept. for Judge Jones... Got a very early start to Gov. Ramsey about auditorship- Had a pleasant and rather satisfactory interview with him. After all the waiting and worrying Smith lost out on the position of auditor. On June 27 he wrote: Called at Sec. Chase and had an interview with humiliation to the position of auditor for which I have looked so long- Got only the satisfaction of knowing that I must at last fail! Was glad even to know this and I was putout-of-suspense- Time energy and drafts upon friends badly expendedTwo years of anxiety, thought, and careful planning all to no purpose!

His disappointment was short lived. Several months later he was appointed to the office of US Direct Tax Commissioner of the state of Tennessee, which involved collecting taxes from the rebel states. He moved with his wife South to conduct business, from October until January. In his 1863 journal he briefly summarizes his business of the day and all the letters and correspondence he has with influential CS politicians and military personnel such as Andrew Johnson. Smith held this position for two years, but resigned in 1865 and moved to New York to work in real estate. He worked with his brother to promote the first subway in New York City, known as the Arcade Railway. However, in 1869, he decided to move west to Marshalltown, IA, where he again worked in real estate and engaged in farming and stock raising at his farm known as Highland Home. Smith remained in Marshalltown until his death on May 10, 1905.

The lot is accompanied by Smith’s 1869 diary; Smith’s 1858 attorney license from the Minnesota Supreme Court; his 1865 appointment to supervise the interest of Minnesota soldiers signed by Gov. Stephen Miller and an 1865 ALS from him on Executive Department stationary; a broadside announcing a speaking engagement concerning topics connected with the [1857] formation of a State government for Minnesota; a 1903 cream prohibition convention ribbon; a gem sized tintype of a young girl dressed in a large bonnet and overcoat; an illustrated pamphlet from the New York Arcade Railway Company, A Correct Statement of the Laws and Plans (1877); a blue ferrotype ribbon for presidential candidate Jas. G. Blaine; 2 guests tickets for the 1892 Republican national Convention; Smith’s certificate of life membership to the Iowa State Temperance Alliance; a comical parody of The Raven titled The Sea Gull authored by W.A. Croffit; a form letter from the P.C. Barnum & Co. announcing the repletion of its Ready-Made Clothing line and a broadside for a boot and shoe sale at their store on Chatham street; an ANS pass from the governor of Washington, D.C., J.H. Martindale, permitting Smith to travel to NY; a ledger noting the amounts of cash deposited in the US Treasury from 1863-1867; a collection of 16 different cards from attorneys, businesses, and political organizations; Smith’s certificate of admission to the District Court of IA; and his legal license to practice in the State of NY with its original seal and ribbon. $800 - $1,200

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | General Americana 234 Early Southern Legal Documents of a Violent Case, Incl. Document Signed by Thomas Bachelor, 1822-1823 Lot of 9 partially printed and manuscript documents, ca 1822-1823.

On the night of May 1, 1822 in Amite County, MS, a brawl between several men became fatal when John Newsom drew his knife and stuck it in the bodies of John McDrye and John Norris. The nine legal documents including eyewitness testimonies, court summons, and other papers encapsulate the case.

Contradictory testimonies from eyewitnesses forced the jury to request Newsom to testify. They resolved that he was guilty and sentenced him to a $500 fine and imprisonment. Included in the collection is a document issued in February 1823, signed by the first clerk of Amite County, MS, Thomas Batchelor (17701842). He was also one of six men to represent Amity County at the Constitutional Convention of 1817. $500 - $1,000

235 Steamboat Builder, John Piatt, Archive Including Shipping Notes, Checks, & More Lot of over 222 items, approx. 116 ship notes and 106 checks, ca 1818-1828.

Before the invention of the automobile, rivers were America’s highways. Steamships putted along rivers carrying passengers and precious cargo. The innovation in travel made Cincinnati a major trade hub. Businesses thrived causing the “Queen City” to be the sixth largest city in the United States. In 1826, Cincinnati ship manufactures built 48 of the 143 steamboats on the Ohio River. Between 1841 and 1850 they constructed over 295 boats. At the center of production was John Piatt, a prominent steamship manufacturer involved in the earliest parts of steamship history.

The collection of over 200 items available in this lot descended in the Piatt family. The collections includes illustrated ship building notes from his company that document the ship names, captains, cargo, and destinations of hundreds of boats traveling through Cincinnati and company checks marking its expenses. All of the items are from the height of steamship travel. $500 - $700

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | Presidential & Political

236 Aiken Machine Company, Franklin, New Hampshire, Manuscript Archive Including Business and Family Correspondence Lot of 79 letters concerning the Aiken Machine Company and Aiken family correspondence. Ca 1840-1870.

The Aiken family invented the first knitting machines in 1837. The innovation in knitting technology and machinery allowed their business to thrive, which also allowed several more family members to tinker and develop additional tools to further the trade. Local Hanover, NH residences referred to them as “those inventive Aikens.” The Aikens developed more quality hand tools, a carrier for 600 lbs. fire hoses, and household items. Some dabbled in aeronautics. “They were a classic Yankee inventor family,” explained Dr. Richard Candee, a Boston University professor.

237 Diary of George H. Sargent, Documenting Steamboat Journey Down the Ohio River, 1851-1853 Diary, 398pp, of George H. Sargent’s daily activities, May 1, 1851-Jan. 10, 1853; 7.75 x 9.5 in.; “Programme” from Jenny Lind Concert, June 6, 1851; Boston Daily Journal, September 20, 1851, with complete accounts of the Boston Rail Road Jubilee including President Millard Fillmore’s visit and speech, and other newspaper clippings; 3 Harvard programs, 1851-1852; and Leicester Academy, MA, program.

Sargent’s diary provides comprehensive insight into several aspects of United States History in 1851 and 1852. The diary reveals Sargent as a young gentleman with an expansive variety of interests. His perspectives include academics, politics, the performing arts, personalities, historical events, travel, business, religion and recreation.

On May 13, 1851, Sargent describes his excitement as he viewed the speeches of President Millard Fillmore and Daniel Webster in New York City at the public celebration of the completion of the Erie Rail Road: President Fillmore is a fine looking man, has a pleasant and captivating look. At that time the Erie Railroad running from New York City to Dunkirk, NY, on Lake Erie in Chautauqua County was the longest railroad in the United States.

In late May, 1851, Sargent took his sister’s children to “ Barnum’s Menagerie and Traveling Museum” and wrote, General Tom Thumb was the only curiosity or animal in which I was interested. A few days later [6/1/1851] he writes, Heard two sermons from Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.

Beecher is one of the most eccentric clergymen that ever preached. A Jenny Lind Concert on June 6, 1851 captivated Sargent. He writes, I was charmed, enchanted by her sweet warbling and wished I could hear

The onset of the Industrial Revolution and the flooding of new patents from inventors forced the United States to develop a modernized patent system in 1836. From 1837 until 1867, Herrick Aiken alone requested 60 patents. The patent office granted only a dozen.

Included in the lot is a letter from William P. Elliot, an employee of the patent office and product of the new patent law. He writes to Herrick about a new design for a socket. Herrick lacked the appropriate paperwork, but once he submitted the new design he would approve it, making the socket one of his authorized inventions. The insightful collection of over 79 letters related to the Aiken family and their business offers an in-depth perspective inside the inner workings of a large manufacturing company and the foundation of the contemporary patent process during the Industrial Revolution. $700 - $1,000

her sing away, sing away forever. In a very short period he had seen in person several of the most famous personalities in America.

In June of 1851 Sargent was a student at Harvard who had been working temporarily in Brooklyn. He loved New York City but had to choose between continuing to work and returning to Harvard. A three week visit to Nantucket Island in July provided abundant socializing, sightseeing and recreation. On July 18th, he went “sharking” and landed 4 sharks. He returned to Harvard in late August, 1851. In September Sargent was gratified that the Massachusetts Whigs, his party, had nominated Robert C. Winthrop as their candidate for Governor.

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS | General Americana Sargent saw John Wilkes Booth’s father play Othello in Boston on September 8th, 1851.

On September 17, 1851, Sargent was elected as marshal representing the Junior Class at Harvard for the Great Railroad Jubilee Procession in Boston. He walked into the ceremony with the Senators and got as good a seat as President Fillmore and Lord Elgin, the Governor General of Canada, for the military review.

Faneuil Hall speeches by prominent Whigs Rufus Choate and B. F. Thomas on November 7, 1851 added excitement to the voting process of an already energized Sargent. He went home to Leicester, MA to vote.

On November 8th, 1851, Sargent saw actor Edwin Forrest play Othello and proclaimed him better than Booth. He saw Miss Catherine Hayes known as “The Swan of Erin” Grand Concert on December 27th, 1851. He writes Regard Miss Hayes as the sweetest and best singer I have ever heard – Jenny Lind excepted. He often played the card game Whist.

Sargent entered Harvard Law School on April 12th, 1852.

By October 1st, 1852 Sargent had embarked upon an extended trip to visit his sister in Louisville, Kentucky. He left by train from Brooklyn, traveled across New York State and arrived in Niagara Falls, NY on October 2nd, 1852. He was very impressed by the stunning scenery of western New York. It was a fitting prelude to the sensory charge Sargent received at Niagara Falls. His reaction to the sights and sounds followed: All words are useless and inadequate. There is but one Niagara. Niagara . . . I know I love thee. On October 3rd Sargent boarded the steamer Empire State on Lake Erie bound for Cleveland.

The steamer was late arriving in Cleveland. Two thirds of the passengers were sea sick. Lake Erie was not very kind to us. Because the steamer was late passengers were forced to take the mail train.

Sargent writes, Had a one horse dinner in Cleveland and one horse accommodations since Buffalo.

Sargent arrived in Louisville on the Steamboat Lady Franklin from Cincinnati on October 7, 1852. Without a thick book of evidence he wrote a negative review of the south and Midwest. There is visible everywhere a don’t care appearance which is so characteristic of Southerners and Midwesterners.

October 24th, 1852 brought news of the death of Daniel Webster. An emotional Sargent wrote Webster is gone and when shall we see his like again? Great national loss and bereavement occasioned by the death of our country’s god. General gloom and a pale of sadness in the whole country. His fame is imperishable.

Sargent believed the next president and vice president would be Democrats Franklin Pierce and William King. The Whigs had nominated Winfield Scott and Sargent was disgusted at their choice. He writes What a farce for the Whigs to nominate Scott. Such a shallow man.

On November 14th, 1852 Sargent embarked upon a hunting trip to Henderson County, Kentucky and stayed at Mr. Finley’s hunting lodge.

There are 6 slaves on the place. Three men, two women and a child he states. The return from hunting was on board the Steamer Empire State. There has been considerable card playing for money . . . . . but I detest gambling in all its forms.

On December 2nd, 1852 he viewed the launching of the Steamboat Falls City from Jeffersonville, Indiana. On December 11th, 1852 Sargent boarded the Bell Quigley to visit the natural wonder that was Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. His guide was an extremely knowledgeable slave named Steven who would be freed in 3 years.

He describes Mammoth Cave as Visions of something supernatural.

After severe flooding all along the Ohio near Louisville, citizens moved to the upper stories of their homes on December 29th, 1852. By January 10th, 1853 Sargent had left his 3 month Kentucky home for St. Louis to become a salesman. At a young 24 years, Sargent had seen much with more ahead. $700 - $1,000

AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS 238 Harry Houdini, Beatrice Houdini, and Servais LeRoy, Signed Cleveland Magician’s Club Card Houdini, Harry (1874-1926) and Servais LeRoy (1865-1953).

Famous illusionists. Souvenir card from the Cleveland Magician’s Club featuring printed, oval portraits of Houdini and LeRoy, each autographed. The card is also signed by Houdini’s wife and stage assistant, Beatrice (1876-1943). Dated March 13, 1925. 5 x 4 in. $1,500 - $2,500

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AUTOGRAPHS & MANUSCRIPTS 239 Lotte Jacobi, Signed Photo Postcards of Albert Einstein, Plus Lot of 5 silver gelatin real photo postcards, featuring 3 views of Albert Einstein during his leisure time signed by the photographer, Lotte Jacobi. Accompanied by a signed photograph of an enthusiastic Carter supporter brandishing a patriotic sun hat topped with a donkey and a photographic study by Lotte Jacobi of a cat in front of a lace-curtained window.

Lotte Jacobi (1896-1990) descended from a line of talented German photographers. During World War II, the Nazis offered her Aryan status. Jacobi refused and fled with her family to America. She established a studio in New York and became one of the leading photographers in the country. In addition to Einstein, her portraits of notable subjects include Eleanor Roosevelt, Robert Frost, Alfred Stieglitz, and J.D. Salinger. $800 - $1,200

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BOOKS 240 Samuel Willard, A Compleat Body of Divinity, Previously Owned

by Joseph Pitkin, the Brother of William Pitkin, 2nd Colonial Governor of Connecticut Willard, Samuel. A Compleat Body of Divinity in Two Hundred and Fifty Expository Lectures on the Assembly’s Shorter Catechism Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are unfolded, their Truth confirm’d, their Excellence display’s, their Usefulness improv’d; contrary Errors & Vices refuted & expos’d, Objections answer’d, Controversies settled, Cases of Conscience resolv’d; and a great Light thereby reflected on the present Age. Boston, MA: Printed by B. Green and Kneeland for B. Eliot and D. Henchman, 1726.

Oversized quarto, brown leather, six spine bands, early rubricated title in red and black, 915pp.

This copy lacks the frontis port., that apparently was not included in the earliest copies, according to notes with the Berkeley copy (courses. ischool.berkeley.edu). Pagination seems to be variable, but this copy conforms to the one cited by Evans (Early American Imprints 2828) and Streeter (675, Vol. 2). Pages 159-176 omitted in numbering. page 351 wrongly numbered as 349; page 462 wrongly numbered 562; 464 numbered 564; 463-564 repeated in numbering; 466 numbered 566; pagination after 666 begins again with 581; 856-857 wrongly numbered 854-855. We encountered at least one copy with 910 numbered 914, but this copy has the correct page number on 910.

Evans (2828) described this as “…the first folio volume, other than Laws, and the largest work up to this time printed in the United States…. Besides a catalogue of the Author’s works published in his lifetime, it contains a list of name of about five hundred subscribers. When the time, and the subject, extent, and size of the work is considered, this list is a remarkable tribute to the memory of the distinguished Author from his contemporaries; and has large genealogical value as representative of the helpful, public-spirited citizenship of the period….” (as cited in Streeter 675) Among the names included are Benjamin Franklin’s father, James, listing his occupation as ”printer,” and brother, Josiah, who ordered two books (one for Ben?).

Other surnames include Adams, Alden, Hancock, Quincy, and many more.

Samuel Willard (1640-1707) was a colonial clergyman. Born in Concord, MA, he graduated from Harvard (1659) and spent most of his career at Groton (1663-1676), which was then the Massachusetts frontier.

The town was destroyed in 1676 during King Philip’s War and the Willard family moved to Charlestown. When the minister of Boston’s Third Church (Old South Church) fell ill, Willard filled in as a substitute.

This pastor also died, and Willard became the pastor of that church, which boasted many of Boston’s most influential citizens. Willard was known as an opponent of the witchcraft trials, and published a number of sermons on that topic. He also served as the acting President of Harvard College, although he officially held the title of Vice President, from 1701 until his death in 1707. As a sort of tribute, his sermons were collected into this massive work posthumously.

Inscriptions on front pastedown and free front endpaper identify the early owners as: Joseph Pitkin, 1726; Joseph Pitkin Junr., “The gift of his Hond. Father recd. by him Jany. 26, A.D. 1750/51.” Martin Stanley; Mrs. Betsy Stanley Buckland, 1853; Mrs. Nancy M.D. Buckland, 1859; and Charles C. Buckland, 1881 (with his stamp also).

Joseph Pitkin (1696-1762) was an astute businessman and owned the iron mines that produced the iron needed for powder in the Revolutionary War. He was a colonel in the Fifth regiment in 1751, but his family members participated on behalf of the colonies. He was a justice of the peace and served in the colonial legislature for twenty years. His family included very influential residents of early CT, and many held important political offices and military appointments. He died in Hartford in 1762. $700 - $1,000

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BOOKS

241 A State of the Expedition From Canada, Burgoyne, 1780 Burgoyne, John. A State of the Expedition from Canada, As Laid Before the House of Commons, by Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and Verified by Evidence; with a Collection of Authentic Documents and an Addition of Many Circumstances which were Prevented from Appearing Before the House by the Prorogation of Parliament. London: Printed for J. Almon, Opposite Burlington-House, Piccadilly, 1780. Small quarto, leather boards, vii, 140pp, lxii, 1p entitled Advertisement. Five folded battle plans and one general map of the country.

The text details Burgoyne’s explanation to the House of Commons regarding the disastrous expedition which resulted in his defeat at Saratoga and his expulsion from the United States. He claimed that he and his men were not given enough equipment to accomplish their task of acquiring New England territories and separating them from the recently liberated United States. $1,000 - $2,000

242 John W. Hunt, Noted Kentuckian & Grandfather to John Hunt Morgan, Personal Signed Copy of The Federalist Hamilton, Alexander, John Jay, and James Madison. The Federalist, on the New Constitution; Written in 1788 by Mr. Hamilton, Mr. Jay, and Mr. Madison. Philadelphia (PA): Benjamin Warner, 1818. Small octavo, rebound leather boards, 504pp.

Title page signed by John W. Hunt (1733-1849).

Prominent businessman and early Lexington, KY leader, John Wesley Hunt was one of the first millionaires west of the Alleghenies. He accumulated his fortune through a Lexington mercantile business, banking, and hemp manufacturing. He also found success as a horse breeder. In 1799, John Adams appointed Hunt as postmaster of Lexington. The Hunt family produced a number of famous men including his grandson, “The Thunderbolt of the Confederacy,” General John Hunt Morgan, and his great grandson, Nobel prizewinning geneticist, Dr. Thomas Hunt Morgan. $1,000 - $1,500

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BOOKS 243 Medical Book Owned by Davy Crockett, Domestic Medicine Book, Treatise on the Prevention and Cure of Disease, Dr. William Buchan, 1828 Buchan, William, M.D. Domestic Medicine, or, a Treatise on the Prevention and Cure of Diseases, by Regimen and Simple Medicines; with Observation on Sea-Bathing, and the use of Mineral Waters. To Which is Appended a Dispensatory for the Use of Private Practitioners. Exeter: J. & B. Williams, 1828, 22nd ed. 8vo, leather, 495pp plus Appendix and Index, xl.

On front pastedown and free endpaper are notes indicating David Crockett’s book. Ffep note Presented from Elizabeth Crockett to Geo. Patton June 8th, 1831.

David “Davy” Crockett was born in northeast Tennessee (now part of Greene County, then part of North Carolina) in 1786. The family moved around the area as the family struggled to make ends meet in what was then the frontier. At the age of 12 young David was indentured to help with the family’s debts. It did not work out well, and the young man returned home. At various times attending school and taking on odd jobs, many involving cattle drives or work as a teamster, David helped the family as he could. He later apprenticed with a hatter in Christiansburg before returning to his father’s tavern. He hired out to pay other family debts, returning to one of his father’s creditors where he worked for four more years.

While there, he fell in love with Amy Summer and Margaret Elder, both engaged to other men. He then met Polly Finley at a harvest festival and determined to marry her with or without her family’s approval.

They did marry in August 1806, her family approving as they were about to elope. The couple settled near Polly’s parents and had three children. When Polly died in March 1815, Davy asked his brother John to move in with his wife and two children to help care for Davy’s three young ones. Crockett married Elizabeth Patton later that year, a widow with a daughter, Margaret Ann, and a son, George. Together they had three more children. But it was to this son of Elizabeth Patton Crockett that the book was presented. The consignor reportedly acquired it from Margaret Pickens, a descendant of the Patton family.

The identification on the pastedown is not Crockett’s hand, but was probably added by a descendant (maybe George, himself ).

Crockett later became involved in politics, being elected first to the Tennessee General Assembly. He then ran for the US House of Representatives, loosing in 1824, but was successful in 1826. He stood up for the “little guy” in Congress, but his vote against Indian Removal in 1830 lost him the next election. However, he returned the following session, but was defeated in the next. He decided to write his autobiography and went east to promote the book. As he returned

home, newspapers quoted him as saying: “I told the people of my district that I would serve them faithfully as I had done; but if not, they might go to hell, and I would go to Texas.” Crockett and some friends had been considering a move to the nascent Republic as revolution seemed imminent. As conflict heated up, Crockett and the militia he raised left for the Lone Star. They arrived in Little Rock in November, and Nacogdoches, Texas by January 1836. They made it to the Alamo in February. In the siege and ensuing battle, Crockett and most of the other defenders lost their lives to the Mexican troops. Santa Ana ordered the bodies burned, and the ashes were later buried together, but have never been positively identified. $2,000 - $3,000

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BOOKS 244 Explorations for a Pacific Railroad Route, 13 Vols.

Lot of 13. Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1853-4. 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Ex. Doc. No. 78.

Washington: Beverly Tucker, Printer. All 4to in brown embossed cloth.

Vols. I, II - 1855; Vols. III - V - 1856; Vols. VI - VIII - 1857; Vol. IX - 2858; Vol. X - 1859; Vol. XI - 1861; Vols. XII, Books 1 & 2, both 1860.

This series of government reports is filled throughout with wonderful lithographed maps and plates, many hand-colored including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, plants, fossils, geology, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Native Americans, and more. Many of the plates and maps are fold-outs. $2,000 - $3,000

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MAPS

245 Map of the Western Reserve Including the Fire Lands in in Ohio, Published by William Sumner, 1826 Map of the Western Reserve Including the Fire Lands in Ohio September 1826 created by William Sumner, published by Nelson, Portage, Co., Ohio. Uncolored, features designated by symbols (buildings, lighthouses, villages, etc.). 10.25 x 13.5 in. (sight); framed, 22 x 18 in.

The Fire Lands were plots of land reserved for victims (“Sufferers”) in Connecticut whose homes were burned by the British during the American Revolution. The “Fire Lands” area was 500,000 of the 3,000,000 acres claimed by Connecticut in the Western Reserve. At the time, the Fire Lands were a remote region that was not necessarily appealing to land recipients. The area was surveyed in five mile square townships (rather than the later standard six mile township), each

then subdivided into quarters. These were then awarded by drawing.

Most, however, were sold to land speculators. New England was overcrowded, but the threat of Native American attacks dampened interest in moving to the Western Reserve. After the War of 1812 the army built more roads into the area. The threat of Indian attacks was minimal. The nation suffered the “year without a summer” in 1816, and subsequent economic hardships finally drove settlers West in a flood, one of the great migrations of Americans. Settlers did not stop in the Western Reserve, but continued along the southern shores of the Great Lakes and across the Upper Mississippi into Iowa, a significant “redistribution” of the population that would have ramifications throughout the 19th century. $4,000 - $6,000

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MAPS 246 A Map of the British and French Settlements in North America, 1755 Hinton, John. A Map of the British and French Settlements in North America, 1755. Universal Magazine. 15 x 14.5 in. (sight), in bird’s-eye maple frame, 20 x 15 in. Old green coloring that has browned, as is typical. Inset of Fort Frederick at Crown Point built by the French 1731.

The map illustrates tensions between two world powers, Britain and France in North America. It was issued just before the British formally declared war against France in 1756, although fighting had been going on since at least May 1754 (and some would argue even as early as 1749 with Father Le Loutre’s War in Acadia). The map depicts various settlements and military forts in the disputed territory of the Allegheny Mountains.

French claims are denoted by dotted lines. Georgia is shown as a strip from the Atlantic to the Western edge of the map (about the 100th meridian), bisecting the northern and southern parts of South Carolina (French claim). Bounds of Virginia & New England 1606 runs north of the Ohio River and all the way to the 100th meridian. Bounds of Hudson’s Bay by the Treaty of Utrecht snakes between the Great Lakes and Hudson’s Bay. Many Indian territories are noted, partially explaining alliances of various native groups with one side or the other. $600 - $800

247 Maps of West Hickory Creek, Venango and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, From Surveys by R.S. and H. Paul Folding map of West Hickory Creek, Venango and Warren Cos. PA. From actual surveys by R.S. & H. Paul,C.E.s. Drawn by George Paul. Published by George, R.S. & H. Paul, Neillsburg, Venango Co. Pa. 1866. In black cloth binder, 4 x 8 in., with gilt title “Paul’s Map of West Hickory.” Along the right side are ads for “White House,” Hickory City, PA; De Soto House, Neillsburg, PA.; Manross House, West Hickory, Sheridan City, PA; Brown’s Hotel, Neillsburg, likely all hotels and boarding houses for the influx of “roughnecks.” Several ads pertain more directly to the oil “boom”: McCreary & Co. Machinists & Blacksmiths, which advertises “Tools and all Articles pertaining to Oil operation constantly on hand” and W.E. Murray & Co. “Wells Bored by Contract.” Hickory City, PA. Theodore B. Foster, “Practical Derrick Builder.” Wm. B. Hurry, Builder, Neillsburg, PA. Derricks, Well Rigs. and an ad for R.S. & H. Paul, Civil Engineers and Surveyors, Perry (Neillsburg,) Venango Co., PA. The surveyed tracts, outlined in color, identify the companies: West Hickory Oil & Mining Co., Hickory Farm Oil Co., Cherry & Trout Run Oil & Mining Co., Buckhorn Run & Allegheny Pet[roleum] Co., and many more.

West Hickory is about 18 miles northeast of Oil City and 14 miles ESE of Titusville - the heart of the first US oil boom. The only copies located

by WorldCat in libraries were two in the British Library. A rare map from the beginning of the rush for “black gold.” $500 - $700

248 Colton’s Map of the New-York Wilderness, 1869 Ely, W.W. Map of the New-York Wilderness. Published by G.W. & C.B. Colton & Co., New York, 1869. 39.25 x 27.5 in. Housed in the original publishers blindstamped cloth cover containing 15pp of informational material about the northern portion of New York State, 4 x 6.25 in. $500 - $700

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TRANSPORTATION | The Birth of Aviation 249 Charles Lindbergh Signed Photograph, Plus Ticket & Menu from 1927 Events Honoring Lindbergh Lot of 6, featuring silver gelatin photograph boldly signed and dated lower right C.A. Lindbergh/ 6/24/27, 6 x 9 in. (image size), 9.75 x 14 in. (overall), with Harris & Ewing, Washington, D.C. blindstamp lower left. Accompanied by an unused ticket for the Reception to Captain Lindbergh, June 11, 1927; business card identified to Veva E. Milum, a Harris & Ewing photographer; menu for National Aeronautic Breakfast honoring Lindbergh, June 13, 1927; and 2 booklets from the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C., where the event was held.

The consignor relates that the original owner of this grouping, Veva E. Milum, worked for Harris and Ewing, photographers in Washington, D.C. She was invited to attend the special breakfast honoring Lindbergh’s return to the United States, but it is believed her group was caught in a traffic jam and either did not attend or arrived late. The lot is accompanied by written information regarding provenance associated with the signed photograph and related items. $1,000 - $1,500

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250 Aviation Archive of E. Hamilton Lee, First US Air Mail Service Pilot E. Hamilton Lee (1892-1994) was the first civilian pilot to fly the US Mail in 1918 and the first pilot hired by United Airlines when it formed as the nation’s first commercial airline in 1927. Lee took an interest in flying after meeting Calbraith Rodgers when he stopped in Chicago while making the first transcontinental flight in 1911. He made his first solo flight in 1916 and was soon hired by the Army Signal Corps to train pilots for service in World War I, which led to his being hired as the first civilian pilot in the US Air Mail Service. Lee flew the crucial route between New York and Washington for years and in 1927 was hired by Boeing Air Transport, which evolved into United Airlines. As the most senior pilot first commercial passenger airline, he was considered “the flyingest man in the world” when he retired in 1949, with over 4.4 million miles flown in over 27,000 hours. He is credited with a quip famous among pilots that goes, “There are old pilots and bold pilots, but there are no old, bold pilots.” His personal photograph albums contain scores of photographs of the fatal crashes of his colleagues that support this. Lee himself, however, lived to 102, and on his 100th birthday was given the controls of a flight that contained a load of US Mail, becoming not only the first ever US Mail pilot, but also the oldest.

The centerpiece of the archive is an extraordinary photograph album documenting Lee’s time with the US Air Mail Service and including hundreds of photographs of his pilot friends and aviation pioneers in the 1910s and 20s. Album is 11 x 15 in., containing 420 photographs at 3 to 9 images per page, as well as dozens of newspaper and magazine clippings mentioning Lee and other air mail pilots. Most photographs are dated 1914-1920, and arranged in small groups by subject with captions on the album pages. There are photos of E.H. Lee himself, his fellow pilots, instructors and students, various models of planes, air stunts and dozens of plane crashes. Frequent names include Gordon K. Hood, Art Smith, Floyd Thompson, Earl F. White, Charles Lamborn, Max SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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Miller, Frank McCusker, Walter A. Pack, Trent C. Fry, Orton W. Hoover, Roy Francis, and Charles H. Anglin.

The following is a partial listing of subject matter, in album order: 50+ photographs of the planes, instructors, and students at Ellington Field, Texas, where Lee worked as an instructor for the Army; aerial views of Ellington Field and Houston; acrobatic and radio ships flying above Houston, Sept. 1918; hundreds of planes and thousands of men lining the runway at Ellington Field, TX, on Armistice Day, Nov. 11, 1918; RPPC of female aviator Ruth Bancroft Law; the crash of Lt. C.H. Platt; the fatal crash of Lt. Jerome Dixon; fatal crash of Lt. Vernon Castle; a cadet’s crash into a freight train at Ellington Field; the crash of Capt. Spain in Memphis, Nov. 1916; more views over Houston, 1918, including planes in “Bomb Raiding Formation”; a crash of a “famous ‘tail spin’ Canadian Curtiss plane”; instructor Walter Pack with a student; in-flight portraits of Lee, Clyde Smith, Lester Bishop, and other doing acrobatics over Ellington Field, 1917-1918; planes at Ashburn Field, Chicago; Lee at the Pallisard School of Aviation; students and instructors of a flying school on Joliet, IL; James Colovan posed with the plane in which he died; different models of planes at the Cicero Flying Field, near Chicago, 1914; Victor Carlstrom with his New York Times-emblazoned Curtiss, after becoming the first man to fly from Chicago to New York; exhibition flights at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915; Lloyd Thompson in a Wright aeroplane, 1911; the crashes of Paul Ferron at Belmont Park, MD; an airmail crash at Newark, DE; an airplane in a parade down a Houston street; the first

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dirigible to cross the Atlantic, 1911; a telegraph inviting Lee to dinner honoring Amelia Earhart in Oakland, Jan 17, 1935; a Martin bomber; aerial photos of Washington, DC; fatal crash of “Pilot Stewart” during a mail route from Minneapolis to Chicago, Jan. 1921, in a twin-engine Fiat borrowed from Lee; and newspaper clippings from the New York Times, Washington Post, et al., ca 1916-1920, mentioning Lee and Air Mail Service.

The album is accompanied by over 100+ loose photographs, some showing similar subject matter as those in the album but many dated later, ca 1930s-1940s and beyond. Also included are hundreds of pieces of aviation-related ephemera, such as Lee’s 1935 Boeing Air Transport business card, listing him as Senior Pilot US Mail; his US Army Air Corps identification badge; three US passports; membership card to fraternities of early pilots, including the Air Mail Pioneers and the Silver Wings Fraternity; a United Airlines 25th Anniversary commemorative coin; menus from an dinner honoring Lee, held by United Airlines at his retirement in 1949; postmarked cancellations in honor of Lee’s last airmail flight on his 100th birthday in 1892; newsletters; newspaper clippings; and more. Another item of note is a 1923 $1 silver certificate signed by over 30 people, most of whom were pilots and employees of United Air Lines. Called “short snorters,” these signed bills were good luck charms signed by the crew and passengers of a maiden flight or some other important voyage. $3,000 - $5,000

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GENERAL AMERICANA 251 1876 Centennial Polychrome Pitcher Porcelain vase, 9 in. high, underside marked Manufactured by W.T. Copeland & Sons / Solely For J.M. Shaw & Co., New York. Formed by three standing eagles between which are American flags draped over crossed arrows. Each pair of arrows has a shield with gilt lettering: 1776 - Declaration of Independence; Washington - Father of Our Country; and 1876 - Centennial Memorial. $1,000 - $1,500

252 World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893, Elaborate Lace Tablecloth Ivory lace banquet tablecloth, 113 x 65 in. Tagged Made in France, ca 1893.

Designs in the lace are consistent with the industrial focus of the World’s Columbian Exposition. Medallions in the center block show locomotives, side-wheel steamships, and at the ends are sailing vessels, probably representative of Columbus’ ships (for the Columbian Expo) with H.F. (maker?) in the central sail. The border is a pine forest with Indians lurking throughout and log cabins in each corner. Flowers and acanthus leaf scrolls fill all space not used for these symbols of history and progress.

Another example of this cloth is illustrated and described in American Decorative Arts, 360 Years of Creative Design, by Robert Bishop and Patricia Coblentz, published by Harry Abrams, 1982, pp. 285 & 288. $1,000 - $1,500

details SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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253 Fine Collection of Cabinet Photographs of Buffalo Soldiers & Their Families, Including MOH Recipient Lot of 62 photographs, 12 of which are cabinet cards of Buffalo Soldiers in uniform. Three of the views are from O.S. Goff’s studios in Fort Custer, MN, and Dickinson, ND, and two were taken in Laredo and San Antonio, TX. The remaining photographs are of African-American men, women, and children. The majority of the civilian photos have Huntsville, AL studio imprints, but some portraits were also taken by Goff.

One photograph is a full-length portrait of man wearing a corporal or sergeant’s jacket pinned with the Medal of Honor. The image came to Cowan’s identified as Fitz Lee, who was awarded the MOH for actions at the Battle of Tayocoba in Cuba in 1899, but Lee died three months after being awarded the medal and was never promoted above the rank of private. The lack of a photographer’s imprint makes a conclusive identification difficult, but the medal in the photograph is the version with vertical stripes on the ribbon, which was issued

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only from 1896 to 1904. Just seven African-Americans were awarded the Medal of Honor in that period, though some awardees from the Civil War and Indian Wars-era were given replacement ribbons of the same design.

The other images of uniformed Buffalo Soldiers include a portrait of a soldier displaying a 10th Cavalry campaign hat and trumpet, and with a guitar and cartridge belt on the chair beside him; a soldier wearing a 10th Cavalry kepi and great coat; a sergeant with his cavalry kepi displayed on the tree stump beside him; a private photographed in Manzanillo, Cuba; a corporal posed with a cane; a private photographed in San Antonio, TX; a soldier posed with two African-American women and a soldier who appears to be white; a sergeant photographed in Laredo, TX; a man wearing a military jacket and posed with three women, one of whom holds a guitar; a private photographed by itinerant photographer Thos. H. Kennedy; and a gray-haired soldier from the 1900s or World War I era. $4,000 - $6,000

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Indian Wars | Photography 254 Nebraska Troops at the Rosebud Indian Agency, Boudoir Photograph Albumen boudoir photograph of Company G, 21st US Infantry outside the Rosebud Indian Agency, as identified on mount verso, with James Wagner’s, Valentine, NE backmark. The reservation located in southern South Dakota is home to the Sioux tribe, which was forcefully relocated to the area by US troops under terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. $600 - $800

255 Indian Trading Store at Fort Belknap, Photograph by Mantiath Mounted photograph captioned in ink Indian Trading Store at Fort Belknap. With penciled name on verso, James Mantiath, and additional notes. 8.25 x 5.75 in. Established ca 1887-1888, Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, located in north central Montana, is shared by the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine-Sioux Indian tribes. $1,000 - $2,000

WESTERN AMERICANA | Indian Wars | Autographs & Manuscripts 256 Christopher “Kit” Carson Clipped Endorsement Carson, Christopher “Kit” (1809-1868). Folk legend, frontiersman, and Civil War general. Clipped endorsement signed C. Carson, as Brevet Brig. Gen. US Vols., Commanding Battalion, 4 x 1.75 in.

Framed together with modern copies of photographs, portraits, and monuments to Carson, 11.5 x 16 in. overall.

Carson enlisted in July 1861 as a lieut. colonel and commissioned into F&S of the 1st NM Infantry. The following year, he was transferred to the 1st NM Cav. (F&S), then after the war he transferred into the NM 1st Battn. Cavalry. He earned his BBG in the “omnibus” awards of March 1865. He was assigned as commander of Fort Garland, CO in 1865. He resigned in 1867 because of poor health, and died the following year. Carson is probably best known as being in charge of the campaign against the Navajo, which resulted in the “Long Walk” to Bosque Redondo, and took the lives of hundreds of Dineh. $2,500 - $3,500

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Indian Wars | Autographs & Manuscripts 257 Cavalry Tactics Book Signed by 2nd Lt. John G. Drennan, 1st Cavalry New Mexico Vols., Plus Cooke, Philip St. Geo. Cavalry Tactics or Regulations for the Instruction, Formations, and Movements of the Cavalry of the Army and Volunteers of the United States, Volume 1. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1861. 24mo, pressed paper boards, 217pp. FFEPs signed John G. Drennan 2nd Lt. 1st Cavalry New Mexico Vol., Fort Canby N.M. Jan. 1864, and W.C. Applegate 1st Regt. [illegible] Aug. 20, 1866.

John G. Drennan was a hospital steward. He enlisted on July 1, 1861 and mustered into the Field and Staff 1st NM Infantry. In May 1862 he transferred into Co. G of the 1st NM Cavalry. Drennan and 1st NM Cavalry fought the enemy and quelled frequent uprisings from local American Indian tribes under the command of the famous colonel, Christopher “Kit” Carson. Drennan was promoted to 1st lieut. February 12, 1865 and mustered out September 30, 1866.

William C. Applegate enlisted as a serg. on August 17, 1861 and mustered into Co. H of the 1st CA Infantry. Applegate mustered out of NM August 31, 1864. $300 - $500

258 Medical Student & Indian Territory Army Doctor, Edgar Lewis, Manuscript Archive, 1864-1875 33 Items, featuring: 30 letters detailing Edgar Lewis’ studies at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, the U. S. Army Hospital in Newark, New Jersey, and his western experiences from army posts including Fort Arbuckle, Fort Berthold, Fort Leavenworth, Fort Stevenson, Fort Sully; CDV believed to be Edgar Lewis; 3.25 x 3.5 in. “Order of Dancing” card from army post; 5 x 8.25 in. invitation to Thanksgiving Dinner from “Ladies of New Jersey.”

The contrast could hardly be more pronounced between life as a young medical student in New York City and life as an army doctor.

Fifteen hundred miles west at Fort Berthold, Dakota Territory, tribes of Sioux and Comanche possessed a distinct lack of agreement with the doctrine of coexistence. The correspondence of Edgar Lewis both from New York City and from his frontier posts reveals his thoughts on the characters and geography of the late Civil War and frontier periods.

In spite of the stress of his daily lectures and studies, Medical Cadet Lewis maintained a robust sense of humor. He writes on December 11, 1864 that it is now eleven o’clock & I with my dog [whose name is McClellan, as he always attacks in the rear & then runs] are here alone have just ordered a bowl of bread & milk which of course I shall share with McC. McC then moistens the carpet…doing the same thing which I presume his glorious predecessor had done before…

Lewis recounts also on December 11, 1864 that he was visited at his office by very nice ladies who said they were acquainted with a few very nice young ladies [not belonging to the fast Young American Style] who they would be very happy to give me an introduction to.

Introductions were much less complicated on the frontier. Chief Running Antelope’s daughter wished to leave with Lewis as he states in a July 14, 1867 letter: The Antelopes daughter wanted to go below with me said she was very smart & could catch a heap of Beaver and Muskrat & get Buffalo Meat & make robes, catch fish, cook & everything, take care of any pony & I can’t tell all she did say in praise of her qualifications, But – your letter in regard to my taking her did not arrive so I did not fetch her.

A few thoughts from Indian Territory are included in the following letters addressed to Lewis’ mother: Lewis writes April 10, 1867 from Fort Leavenworth…discussing drinking water… About as nice as suds which your stockings are washed in…People very fashionable...give parties with wine and cakes…

From Fort Berthold, Lewis describes the Dakota Territory as very pleasant country filled with fish and game. He writes on April 14, 1867, In one field it was estimated there were 20,000 wild geese. Lewis was a member of the 31st Regiment. I think they are all white men although 150

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Indian Wars | Autographs & Manuscripts they do drink some and gamble a great deal. We have a splendid band.

He expressed great admiration for General Stanley…not a man among them but would be shot for him if necessary. The stable consists of 3 or 4 thousand horses or mules.

His July 14, 1867 letter describes an Indian battle at Camp Stevenson and Fort Berthold: The Indians came up to my tent but did no harm as my dog commenced barking so fiercely…have to carry a pistol and rifle all the time but I’m getting used to it. You will get an account of the first one in the Herald as one of their reporters was there but was fast asleep all the time. I shot a very large Rattle Snake & took off the rattles. You will find them in a newspaper which I send.

Lewis writes from Fort Arbuckle on October 17, 1867…think you are very foolish to worry about Indians as I don’t intend to end my days in their company. As to my going out alone I feel about as safe alone as though I had anyone along as I can with a good horse give them a good run. I feel safer here than among the Sioux as there are fewer hostiles around. By the way must tell you the Comanches made another dash on us and carried away all the horses they could get and got my fast mare among the rest

but I have 2 more and shall have another soon. The Commanding Officer complimented Lewis on his medical skill in successfully treating a very bad case of Obstetrics. He was aware Lewis had plans to leave the service, and told him the pay was not sufficient and the mortality of the last few months among the Med Staff would deter almost any one from subjecting himself to orders that would so peril him. Lewis also asks for his mother’s thoughts about a fur coat, We have very nice Otter here but don’t know as that is worn. Write me what you think of Beaver & Otter & I will see what can be done.

In his additional comments from Fort Arbuckle, written on January 12, 1868, Lewis expresses his love of riding horses and hunting: Almost eaten by an American Lyon…but for the almost miraculous discharge of my gun he would have had me. I have a pony now that is extraordinary.

We are just about getting up a nigger band which is expected to rival any in the world. I think often I should write to see what is to be done about getting out of the service. There is nothing for me to do here & I do not care to stay out of the world any longer. $700 - $1,000

WESTERN AMERICANA | Newspapers 259 Territory Topic Extra, Rare Purcell, Chickasaw Nation News Broadside, November 1890 Lot of 2. The Territorial Topic, Purcell, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, Nov. 6, 1890. An 8pp issue, 15 x 22 in., accompanied by a rare 9 x 12 in. broadside from the same paper that condemns resistant American Indians who continue to support their traditional ways of life.The broadside reads, The Indian people of the United States are vastly in the minority and they could not, of course, expect to hold their own against the wishes of the vast number of other American citizens...The broadside meant to dissuade other American Indians from resistance, show them the futility of their cause, and assuage any fears that additional lands would be taken from them. Eight weeks later, the United States Army ordered its final, brutal attack at the Battle of Wounded Knee. It crippled all American Indian resistance and finally closed the battle for the West. $1,000 - $1,500

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WESTERN AMERICANA | American Indian Photography | Plains 260 Joel Whitney CDVs of Sioux Indians Involved in Minnesota Uprising Lot of 7 CDVs produced by Joel Whitney, St. Paul, MN. Includes: Chief Little Crow, who led the Minnesota uprising; Shak-Kpe, “Little Six,” a Fort Snelling prisoner condemned to death for killing 13 women and children; Wa-Kan-O-Zhan-Zhan, “Medicine Bottle,” another prisoner condemned to death for his involvement; Anpetu-Tokeca, “Other Day,” in Western dress who saved 52 people during the massacre; 2 CDVs of “Old Bets” sitting and standing, she was a kind elderly woman to the prisoners; and “A Sioux Belle,” U-SeDo-Ha. Toning of the images and clipped edges; two are backmarked

by Whitney’s studio. $1,000 - $1,500

261 Wounded Knee Massacre, Photograph of Survivors and Soldiers inside Holy Cross Episcopal Church, Pine Ridge, SD Albumen boudoir card with imprint of Northwestern Photographic Company, Chadron, NE on verso, which acquired the negative from George Trager. An untitled, interior view of the Holy Cross Episcopal Church in Pine Ridge Agency, SD, which served as a hospital for some of the survivors brought back by the US Army from Wounded Knee.

The photograph shows a Sioux man standing among several army corps men, with wounded Indians resting on the hay-covered church floor in the background. Although taken in January 1891, the church walls are still adorned with Christmas garlands. $500 - $700

262 Sioux Chief Kicking Bear, Northwestern Photo Co. Boudoir Card Albumen boudoir card of Kicking Bear (ca 1846-1904), an Oglala who brought the Ghost Dance to the Pine Ridge Agency and unwittingly precipitated the massacre at Wounded Knee. The outdoor view is copyrighted and identified in the negative, Chief Kicking Bear, A Leading Chief of the Brule Hostile Indians, Pine Ridge, SD, with imprint of Northwestern Photographic Company, Chadron, NE on verso, which acquired the negative from George Trager. Trager’s shadow — with his view camera — is readily apparent.

Incorrectly identified by Trager as a Brule, Kicking Bear was a relative of Sitting Bull and intimate of Crazy Horse. He was a survivor of the battles of the Rosebud, Little Big Horn and Slim Buttes. In the spring of 1890 he and another group of Lakota traveled by train to Nevada where they learned the Ghost Dance from the Paiute Wovoka.

Returning to Pine Ridge, he held continuous dances throughout December of that year. After Wounded Knee, Kicking Bear and other dancers set up camp on White Clay Creek.

After attacking the Drexel Mission, Federal troops under the command of General Nelson Miles surrounded the camp and forced the surrender of Kicking Bear and his followers on January 15, 1891. This image almost certainly was taken about this time. Later that spring, he was released and toured with Buffalo Bill for two years before returning to Pine Ridge. An uncommon image. $500 - $700 152

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WESTERN AMERICANA | American Indian Photography | Plains 263 Lakota Chiefs Stinking Bear, Hollow Wood, and Crazy Bear, Northwestern Photo Co. Boudoir Cards Lot of 2 albumen boudoir photographs, each copyrighted and identified in the negative, including outdoor view of Chief Stinking Bear / Chief Hollow Wood / Chief Crazy Bear, each on horseback. Crazy Bear is shown wearing his striped ghost dance shirt, holding a carved wooden rifle.

Stinking Bear is bare-legged, suggesting warm weather at Pine Ridge.

Accompanied by a studio portrait of Chief Stinking Bear, A Leader of the Friendly Sioux Indians, Pine Ridge, S.D. He wears an eagle feather bonnet, wool breech cloth, and moccasins, and holds a riding quirt in his right hand and an American flag in his left. Each with backmark of Northwestern Photographic Co., Chadron, NE, which acquired the negatives from George Trager. These undated images were likely originally taken in the fall of 1890 and early winter of 1891. $500 - $700

264 Sitting Bull Cabinet Card by Bailey, Dix, and Mead Studio portrait of Sitting Bull, Chief of the Hunkpapa Lakota and Wild West Show performer. Copyrighted on mount recto by Bailey, Dix, & Mead, 1882. With brief biography of the noted chief printed on verso. $600 - $800

265 D.F. Barry Photograph of One Bull and his Family Silver gelatin photograph of One Bull, the nephew of Sitting Bull, posing with his family outside their home on the reservation. Housed in original, decorated board mount, 9.5 x 7.25 in. Image blindstamped by D.F. Barry. With penciled identification on mount verso, indicating that the photograph was taken at Grand River, SD, 1890. $600 - $800

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266 F.A. Rinehart Group of Platinum Photographs of Plains Indians Lot of 5 platinum photographs of Plains Indians by F.A. Rinehart, each 7.5 x 9.5 in., on original gray 14 x 16.5 in. mounts. The subjects are identified on each mount in period ink, possibly in Rinehart’s hand, as: Cheyenne Chief Wolf Robe; Kiowa Chief Whiteman; Eagle Elk from the Sioux; Afraid of Eagle, also Sioux; and Cloud Man of Assiniboines.

In 1898 F.A. Rinehart became the official photographer of Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, which celebrated the accomplishments in the development of the West. Part of the exposition was a large Indian Conference that intended to demonstrate the diversity of 35 different American Indian tribes from West of the Mississippi to the Pacific Coast. The photographs in this lot are historically significant products of that commission. $2,000 - $3,000

267 F.A. Rinehart Platinum Photographs, Including Band of Sioux Warriors, Plus Lot of 2 platinum photographs by F.A. Rinehart, each approx. 9 x 7 in., on original gray 16.75 x 13.75 in. mounts, 1898-1899. The photographs are signed, copyrighted, and titled in the negatives, and are also titled in period ink on the mounts, possibly in Rinehart’s hand. The first photo, titled Band of Sioux Warriors, shows a group of fifteen Sioux warriors, many with headdresses and spears. The second photo, titled Afraid of Water, captures an American Indian woman bathing her crying infant. $800 - $1,200

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WESTERN AMERICANA | American Indian Photography | Pictorialists 268 Julia Tuell Signed Photograph of Old Wool, A Prisoner taken by George Nelson Miles Hand-colored silver gelatin photograph, 6.5 x 8.5 in., on original 10 x 12 in. mount, with typed label on verso identifying the subject as Old Wool, an American Indian woman taken prisoner while “skinning a buffalo,” by General Nelson Miles. Ink signed lower right on mount

by Julia Tuell, Lamedeer, Montana. The typed label on verso includes inked date of Fall 1877, although this was likely printed during the early 20th century.

Tuell (1886-1960) moved west accompanying her school teacher husband. Eventually settling at Lame Deer Agency, Montana, she developed an interest in photography, and began taking images of the Northern Cheyenne. She became a keen observer of Cheyenne culture, and because of her status as a woman, was allowed access to scenes of daily and ceremonial life usually considered off limits to whites. Her photographs of the Sun Dance, for example, record scenes that were fast-fading on the Northern Plains. $500 - $700

269 Julia Tuell Signed Photograph of Chief Two-Moons, Cheyenne Leader Involved in Custer’s Massacre Hand-colored oval silver gelatin photograph, 6 x 8 in., on original 10 x 12 in. mount, of the aged American Indian warrior, Chief Two-Moons. Copyrighted 1911 and ink signed lower right by Julia Tuell, Lamedeer, Montana. The typed label on mount verso describes “Chief Two-Moons, an old time warrior and renegade...led the Cheyennes in Custer’s massacre...” $500 - $700

270 Julia Tuell Signed Photograph of the Northern Cheyenne’s Last Massaum Dance, 1911 Hand-colored silver gelatin photograph, 8.5 x 6.5 in., on original 12 x 10 in. mount, capturing the Northern Cheyenne Indians performing the last Massaum Dance. Copyrighted 1911 and signed three times by photographer, Julia Tuell, Lamedeer, Montana. The third signature can be found on the typed descriptive label affixed on mount verso.

Translated as the “Animal Dance, Buffalo Dance, Crazy Dance, and Foolish Dance,” the Massaum Dance is an ancient rite of the Cheyenne people that celebrates the life-blood of their tribe, the buffalo.

According to legend, the dance originated from two young men who “went into the earth and brought food.” Tuell’s faded photograph shows the head man’s director in the act of painting a design on the head men of the ceremony, the four paintings, and the only remaining buffalo robes on the reservation. The Northern Cheyenne invited only two photographers, Tuell and Grinnell, to document the four day ceremony. $500 - $700 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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271 North American Indian Concert Band, Onondago Tribe, Syracuse, NY, Archive Including Photographs, Documents, Correspondence, & Band Manager’s Traveling Trunk Approx. 121 items related to David Richard Hill, Karl Wahler, and the North American Indian Concert Band, Syracuse, NY. Ca 1910-1927.

Around the same time Buffalo Bill closed his Wild West Show, David R. Hill and Karl Wahler tried to capitalize on the remaining Europeans and Americans who were still fascinated by the American West and American Indians. The men planned a grand tour through Europe with the American Indian Concert Band, the only concert band in the world of its kind [with] unlimited repertoire, picturesque costumes, [and] a host of novelties and effects. The show sensationalized the American Indians, but on the other hand, offered work and the opportunity to travel.

This fine collection of items relates to the North American Indian Concert Band and performances from the 1910s as well as attempts to reassemble the band in 1926. The lot includes multiple letters between David R. Hill and Karl Wahler, band manager and representative; original handwritten contract agreement; print advertising; photos; postcards; logs; documents pertaining to passage and performances in Europe via the Red Star line with the program and passenger list with the band members; receipts business cards/ blotters; Wahler’s wicker basket luggage; and 35 letters and telegraphs from Wahler’s son, Bill Aithem.

Karl Wahler was a German-American who emigrated from Augsburg, Germany to the United States in 1882. When he was fifty, he returned to Germany to tour with the band. David Russel Hill was an American Indian man who was reportedly Chief of the Onondaga Indians.

The Onondaga people are a part of the Haudenosaunee, “People of the Longhouse.” During the 1910s they lived on a reservation near Syracuse, NY were the people reside today. As an American Indian businessman, Hill demanded fair wages for himself and his men. In the middle of negotiating their European tour, Hill wrote to Wahler: I do not expect other than twenty-eight ($28) Dollars per man a week....I know the people in Germany think that I am charging an unreasonable high price but Mr Wahler you realize fully what this means to me, to yu, and to this country, I am paying as high as $40 a week to several of my men.... (May 7, 1910) The majority of the men in the band came from American Indian Schools. They were trained to play classical and marching band music, not traditional American Indian songs. A hand-written list of band members and their tribes show that many of the men were from Southwestern tribes and a few from the Onondaga. Several postcards 156

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illustrate their elaborate costumes while holding Western instruments.

The costumes make the instruments look oddly out of place. The set list on a cruise ship pamphlet shows that the band played American and European concert pieces such as Chamber’s “Alahambra” and Ivanovici’s “Danube Waves.” As a novelty, the band played Bellsted’s “Indian War Dance” and Moret’s “Indian Summer.” Hill understood the importance of showing the audience what they wanted to see. Sometimes that meant playing stereotypical songs that did not necessarily properly represent the heritage and diversity of the American Indian members’ tribes. Hill wrote, Do you suppose that we could use an Indian lady signer? I think that we need all the novelty we can possibly take over I know of one I think would just fit the position (May 7, 1910.)

The band successfully toured through Germany, France, and Italy. The men looked fondly on the trip and tried to gather another group for the same tour in 1926. It is unknown whether Hill and Wahler succeeded. $1,500 - $2,500

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WESTERN AMERICANA | California

272 Sacramento City, Water Front with Contemplated Improvements, Rare Lithograph by Britton & Ray, San Francisco Exceptionally rare Gold Rush-era lithograph, 37.25 x 24.5 in. (sight), of the Sacramento City Water Front with Contemplated Improvements, providing views of the city’s businesses and several steamship paddle boats such as the Young American, Queen City, and New World.

Designed by Thomas Boyd, drawn on stone by V. Hoffmann, and printed by Britton & Rey of Sacramento City. Produced between 1849 and 1850, before the city of Sacramento voted to drop the “City” in its name. Housed in original frame, 40 x 27 in.

Joseph Britton was born in the United Kingdom but emigrated to the United States in 1835. Seeking gold and fortune, he traveled to California in 1849. Instead of striking gold, he struck the printing press as a lithographer. He established his own business with his brotherin-law, Jacques J. Rey, a Frenchman who studied lithography before joining the Gold Rush. Their firm was one of the most successful and specialized in printing commercial views in California $1,000 - $2,000

273 California Gold Rush Journal of Abel E. Babcock, Plus 26 Subsequent Diaries 27 personal, handwritten diaries that present a unique historical record of 19th century America, covering a period of 49 years, 18521900. The diaries contain over 7000pp that relate in daily detail the life and times of minister, Abel E. Babcock.

A profoundly significant faith in God and love of his family sustained Abel Babcock through brutal sea voyages, the perilous goldfields of 1852, 1853 and 1854 California, to the rural town of Jonesville, Michigan. Golden State riches proved elusive but the wealth of experiences garnered from his 3 year journey energized his life’s vocation of enriching the hearts and souls of his congregations.

A more glaring contrast could hardly be found between the gold addicted volatility of California and the sedate predictability of Hillsdale County, Michigan.

The centerpiece of the collection is Babcock’s personal diary dating from 1851-1854, documenting his voyages, transits, treks and travels to the California Goldfields via Panama, Puntarenas, Costa Rica and Acapulco, Mexico. Dysentery, diarrhea, drunkenness, disappointment, despair, desperation and death. Abel Babcock found himself in the midst of these events while still hundreds of ocean miles from his journey’s goal of reaching California gold. Foul drinking water, spoiled food, unbearable heat, inebriated captains and crew, intoxicated passengers, robbery, fist fights and every imagined manner of mayhem engulfed Babcock on his westward travels. The relieved joy of landing in San Francisco was soon overcome with the stark reality of 1852 California.

Babcock’s numerous nautical challenges were soon replaced with murder, hard labor wages as low as 56c per day, disease, lack of water,

no money, Indian raids, frontier justice, lynching, knife fights, adultery, earthquakes, fires, 12 feet of snow, masonic celebrations, houses of ill fame, “Hordes of Chinamen”, Chinese prostitutes, crooked gambling houses, duels, public wakes, despondency, suicides, destitution, derangement, females daily involved in great debauchery, “crimes of the most damnable nature,” as well as infestation carried by vermin, rats, lizards and bedbugs combined to desolate the hopes and lives of thousands.

A few episodes of Abel Babcock’s diary relate his stressful adventures.

Babcock left Litchfield, Michigan, December 31st, 1851…To take the last farewell of all that is dear was truly trying yet we committed all into the hands of him who never leaves nor forsakes those who trust in him.

After a long journey by stage coach to Dunkirk, New York, there were no beds to be had…Most spent the night drinking swearing and dancing . . . . . anything but agreeable especially for Sabbath. After a train journey through New York State, the NY&ER Railroad delivered Babcock to New York City. The travelers were . . . put up at Heath’s Hotel with many others who are on the road to California…Men of all nations as well as occupations are here and hundreds that are bound for California.

The Steam Ship Ohio, bound for the Atlantic [ eastern ] Coast of Panama was boarded at 2:00 PM. The curse of seasickness struck many of the 700 to 800 passengers. Entering the Gulf Stream, Babcock noticed immediately how much warmer it was and writes of seeing Flying Fish for the first time on Jan. 15th, 1852. Soon the Ohio passed the mountainous Island of St. Domingo. The captain put an end to card playing on the Sabbath. The Ohio landed at Chagres. A walking and canoe journey with baggage was required for the travelers to cross Panama…Intolerable hot . . . . . road [ a 70 mile trail ] very uneven . . . . not a cool breeze . . . nor a drop of cool water to be found. Babcock

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WESTERN AMERICANA | California describes the natives . . . both sex seem to run together very much like the cattle. The commodity of virtue is little known here. There has been here today a bull fight and cock fighting.

Babcock boarded the American sailing bark Philena, which he describes as small and old with many more passengers than can be accommodated very well. Babcock preached on board the ship . . . . all but the Catholics gave good attention. The drinking water was getting bad and . . . had to take the mold off the bread to eat it. Many people were sick and one man was delirious with Yellow Fever. A young man was bled to quiet him and in ½ hour he is truly quiet for he is dead. The man was buried at sea and the author states, it is the most solemn sight in my life. Shortly thereafter the ship steward also died. Babcock would witness several more sea burials before reaching California.

Several times becalmed, with low water and provisions, the ship put into Puntarenas, Costa Rica, on Feb. 21, 1852. Without money for port charges or provisions the ship was unable to leave. Two collections were solicited from the passengers and the captain’s gold watch was added to the total pot and after 14 days the Philena sailed for California. Babcock states that the ship leaks quite bad and must be pumped every 2 hours. He decries the drunkenness, rowdyism, and quarreling common among the voyagers and crew . . . most nights all night. Fifty days out of Panama the erratic effects of wind, weather and currents on sailing ships have placed Babcock 400 miles south of Acapulco which is not quite half way to San Francisco. Another entry on March 27 . . . perfect bedlam here last night caused by the free use of liquor. . . the captain and many of the passengers were the worse for drink. So we had . . .Drinking, Cursing and Swearing together with all manner of filthy conversation and plenty of quarreling to fill the picture.

A day or two later, 2 men . . . soon die and be launched into the deep. At long last Acapulco, Mexico was Babcock’s next port of call. After 14 days in Acapulco, Babcock and others succeeded in booking passage on the Steamer Winfield Scott. Pacific Ocean waves, bad food and bad water conspired to again present Babcock and many others with painful diarrhea. At long last, after a 4 month trek by train, stage coach, Steamer Ohio, canoe, Sailing Barque Philena and Steamer Winfield Scott - Babcock landed on the shore at San Francisco, California.

The brief description of his tumultuous journey just provided is but a small sample of the adventures Abel Babcock experienced and endured in California.

During his first day in California, a passage mentions a man stabbed to death the night previous, who was laid out on the planked side walk while another body was retrieved from San Francisco Bay – another murder victim…The greed for gold will cause men to do anything…he writes as these events occurred. Within a few hours Babcock left for Sacramento, which was the center of gold mining territory. Having heard of success at Mud Springs – Babcock walked the 44 miles from Sacramento. An entire day’s hard labor earned $1.75. Prospecting at Coon Hollow earned the following daily wages: $1.27, $4.12, 56c, $1.39…Discouraging in the land of gold.

On Friday, June 4, 1852, Babcock writes, The town is all excitement as the Indians have killed one Chinaman and wounded four others on State Creek, a short distance from town. A squad of men, well armed, soon started in pursuit of the murderers and succeeded in capturing but one of them and bringing him into town. A man was dispatched for Coloma for the sheriff to take charge of the Indian but before his return the Indian was delivered to the Chinamen and soon he was hanging to the limb of a tree not having had the least show for his life by way of trial...the Indian was buried but later he was dug up by the Indians taken to the tribe and his body burned.

On Monday August 2, 1852, Babcock writes, A duel was fought about 10 miles out of town to satisfy wounded honor. The weapons used were rifles.

One of the party was killed on the spot and no notice was taken of it by the officers of the law for it was an affair of honor & so it is.

On Friday, August 4, 1854, he notes, Great excitement among those that ought to have respect for mothers, sisters and wives over a number of Chinese women who have come here to tarry and establish a house of ill fame. The men have paid more attention to the Chinese prostitutes than their own business. They have been the center of attention. I was up 158

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all night and witnessed one of the most disgusting and low transactions I ever saw.

Babcock writes, Virtuous females there are but few. Females of the most pitiful character are hired in great abundance from every nation and are daily involved in great debauchery.

Babcock recounts a prospecting journey in which he saw country he describes as having terrible convulsions. Most likely this was his first sight of land shattered by earthquakes. In another first experience... saw a man use a lasso to catch a horse. A while later he comments After mature reflection have decided to try my luck in the city. Babcock got a job making picks in a blacksmith shop, earning $4.00 per day plus board. He relates a celebration parade of Masons on St. John’s Day, a negro man shot by a woman of his own race, and a duel fought with rifles to satisfy wounded honor – no notice of it taken by officers of the law for it was an affair of honor. He notes a huge wake and sincere mourning in California at the death of Henry Clay, One of America’s noble son’s. A huge fire destroyed every house in Sacramento including the Golden Eagle Hotel where Babcock was employed as a carpenter.

The fire forced him to live in a tent…A number of Chinese women have come here to tarry and establish a house of ill fame. Men have paid more attention to the Chinese prostitutes than their business.

While the adventures were many and the experiences were rich, Babcock perceived the toll taken on men in the pursuit of California’s gold…There are many about whose reason has failed them and they wander about as confirmed maniacs . . . . others put an end to a miserable existence by committing suicide. . . .others resort to the intoxicating cup in hopes of drowning trouble.

He concludes, On the whole a life spent in California is very poor at best and he that wishes to see a long life and good days had better stay at home and with friends.

After mature consideration in November, 1854, Babcock decided to return to all that was near and dear to him in Michigan. Overcoming another perilous sea voyage – It looks as though we shall all go to the bottom - he was then reunited with his loving wife and children. In the 26 additional yearly diaries that accompany the archive, Babcock continued writing daily entries, which chronicle the events of his more sedate life as a Michigan minister through 1900. In later entries, he comments on the conclusion of the Civil War and the death of Lincoln…A nation mourns as no other nation has ever mourned. $3,000 - $6,000

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WESTERN AMERICANA | California

274 Important Collection of Prescription Books from San Francisco, CA, Apothecaries and Family Druggists, T.P. Bevans & Co., 1850-1886 Lot of 9 volumes. All in various sized ledger books with marbled paper covers and leather spines (mostly gone). About half with paper label of T.P. Bevans & Co., Apothecaries and Family Druggists, SE corner of Broadway & Stockton Street, San Francisco. One with label of John Bevans, Apothecary and Family Druggist, still at Broadway and Stockton, but the first part (with the corner information) rubbed off. Two are missing the front board with their labels.

Book 1, 8 x 12 in. May 30, 1850 - Sept. 20, Rx numbers 301-387; on page 9, there are no numbers, dated Sept. 23 - Oct. 1. Then after page 12, the numbering begins with 1 as do the page numbers; dated Aug. 25, 1851 to Oct. 9, 1852; prescription numbers 1 - 1566 (including another 301-387).

Book 2, 8.25 x 13.75 in.; label with “Prescriptions / Liber [book] B / 29 Oct. 1850 to 25 Aug. 1851.” Rx numbers 2005 - 2993.

Book 3, 11 x 17 in., ca. Sept. 1, 1856 (numbers damaged, p. 2 starts with 3 Sept.) to 16 May 1859; Rx numbers 5015 - 10999. Hand-numbered pages to 232, last 1/4 or so not numbered.

Book 4, 8.5 x 13 in., front label with manuscript “Prescriptions / Liber [book] E / Jan. 1 to Sept. 30, 1854.” Rx numbers 127-142, 156-2280; appears that two pages in back torn out, last entry Sept. 26.

Book 5, 11 x 13.5 in., front label indicates book F, Oct. 1, 1854 - Aug. 31, 1856. Starts over with Rx number 1. Missing pp. 239-293, Rx numbers 4020 to 4932. Last page numbered 297, last Rx # 5015.

Book 6, 11 x 17 in., Nov. 21, 1863 - 14 Apr. 1866; Rx numbers 2200029728. 406pp (preprinted numbers). This one with John Bevans’ label.

Book 7, 11 x 16 in., July 16, 1869 - Jan 4, 1874; Rx numbers 36011 44043.

Book 8, 10.5 x 16 in., no front cover. Jan 5, 1874 - Feb. 1, 1879; Rx numbers 44044 - 54800.

Book 9, 11 x 16 in., no front cover. Mar. 29, 1886 - Nov. 20, 1893. Rx numbers 80081 - 85026.

These entries are medical recipes and instructions for use. A few have last name of customer, but most do not. Most of these volumes also have notes written on blank endpapers and pastedowns, including a few customers’ names. A couple have recipes affixed to front pastedown.

The medical recipes use plant extracts and chemicals. We think we recognize ingredients such as quinine and possibly morphine, but abbreviations are universal. Consignor indicates that some of these formulas include cannabis. There is plenty of research material in here for interested parties. Very few indicate the condition for which these are being prescribed, but there are certainly some indicators (is it taken by mouth, or a salve, for example).

According to a history of San Francisco Friends (Quakers), John and Thomas Bevan immigrated to San Francisco from England about

1850 (possibly drawn, as so many others, by Gold Rush opportunities).

An ad in the Daily Alta California, May 9, 1851, advertised that the store had leeches, carbonate ammonia, tartaric acid, and a “general assortment of drugs and medicines.” They were already at Broadway and Stockton. In 1862, John went into business with William Pickering, but that partnership dissolved in 1865. Both brothers appear in Directory listings for at least the next decade. (see http://sfquakers. org/about-us/our-history/our-history-150-years/ ) The Bevan family in California appears to have been Quakers, since other immigrants known to have been Quakers stayed with them upon arrival. Silvanus Bevan (1691-1765) was a well known Quaker apothecary in London, and, although he had no surviving children, his brother, Timothy, did. Timothy’s son, Silvanus had seven sons - the immigrants may have been descendants of one branch of this family or another, although we did not locate the entire family tree. $10,000 - $15,000

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detail

275 Death of Mormon Founder, Joseph Smith, National Intelligencer Front Page Report, July 1844 National Intelligencer, Washington, July 9, 1844. 4pp, 18.25 x 23 in.

Featuring a detailed report of the death of the founder of the Mormon Church, Joseph Smith. A portion of the article reads, it is unnecessary to say that this bloodthirsty attempt on the part of the Mormons was the signal for certain and sure vengeance. The lives of Joe Smith and his brother Hiram, and Richards, Joe Smith’s secretary, were quickly taken, and we believe no others...Here our intelligence ends. What took place after that, God only knows....

Smith’s legacy greatly varies on perspective, to Mormons he was the leader of their faith, to many others he was a dangerous religious

276 Utah Commercial & Savings Bank, Incorporation Log, 1889-1912 381pp, most manuscript. Starting date May 20, 1889 to 1912. 16.25 x 10.25 in. Also contains loose ledger sheets, Expense Acct. 1902-1912 mixed.

The first entry is Salt Lake City, May 20, 1889. Meeting at P.W. Madsens Furniture Store. The names of 31 men present follows. They agreed to issue a notice, according to the notes from the first meeting: Notice (published May 25/89 Herald & Tribune) There will be a meeting of the subscribers to the Utah Commercial and Savings Bank held at P.W. Madsens Furniture Store on Wednesday, May 29th 1899 at 7:30 P.M. to adopt Articles of Association and perfect its organization. J.T. Little, Treasurer.

The next page contains notes from the May 29th meeting, and the Articles of Incorporation which begins: In pursuance of an act passed by the Legislation Assembly of the Territory of Utah, and approved March 8th 1888, entitled “An Act Providing for Banking,...” Later: The amount of capital stock of this corporation shall be Two Hundred Thousand Dollars ($200,000) and the number of shares into which the same shall be divided are Two Thousand (2000) shares of One Hundred Dollars ($100). After the Articles is a list of 71 shareholders, the city of residence of each (all residents of SLC except last five, and all but one of them is still a resident of Utah), and the number of shares each is purchasing.

Francis Armstrong (elected President), Dr. Wm. Groves, M.E. Cummings (elected Cashier) and P.W. Madsen (elected Vice President) each had 100 shares. Charles E. Pomeroy was elected Asst. Cashier, and there were five other Directors (board members). The By Laws were approved June 3, 1889 and are entered in the ledger.

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fanatic. He and his community were forced to move to a variety of different towns and cities, and their last settlement was in Nauvoo, IL where Smith became mayor. As mayor, Smith instituted martial law and appropriated the Nauvoo Expositor because it published negative articles about his character. Enraged locals formed an angry mob against him for destroying the press. In response, Smith formed his own militia. The governor intervened and demanded that Smith stand down and relinquish the state’s arms. Smith surrendered and was willfully imprisoned in Carthage, IL. Smith did not make it to trial. He was murdered by another angry mob around his prison cell. $800 - $1,200

The pages that follow contain summaries of Director’s and shareholders’ meetings, plus annual financial summaries. Later, these statements are filled in on partially printed forms and tipped in on the appropriate page up to early 1912.

According to the chapter on “Banking and Finance” by Leonard J. Arrington in the History of Utah, as the population grew, 34 banks were established between 1864-1880, most of them private BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

WESTERN AMERICANA | Utah (extensions of other operations such as freighting). The next two decades saw 50 more banks established. The years after 1880 thus mark Utah’s financial coming-of-age, just as the years before 1880 ushered in the beginnings of a monetary economy. In a real sense, the expansion transformed Utah’s economy from a frontier cooperative society into the more highly articulated, specialized, and interdependent agriculturalindustrial society of the twentieth century.(http://www.uen.org/utah_ history_encyclopedia/b/BANKING.html, accessed 10.19.2015) On page 377, April 10, 1912, there is a two-page resolution tipped in to sell and transfer assets of the bank to the State Bank of Utah (Zion’s Saving Bank & Trust Company crossed out throughout the document).

Last paragraph: Be it further resolved: That this corporation be dissolved in accordance with law and the President and Board of Directors of this corporation are hereby authorized and directed to take all proper and necessary steps for the purpose of effectuating the dissolution of this corporation. There follow several letters between the State Bank of Utah and the Utah Commercial Bank regarding the transfer of assets.

The William Francis Armstrong papers are in the Utah State Historical Society, Salt Lake City. According to the biographical introduction to the collection: Francis Armstrong (1839-1899) was born in England, his family emigrating to Canada when he was 11. At either 16 or 18 years of age (sources differ) he emigrated to the United States, finding work in Richmond, Missouri. Many of Richmond’s residents belonged to a splinter group of Mormons, so Armstrong would have understood their views and practices. When Missouri was torn apart in the Civil War, Francis moved to SLC, and officially became a Mormon shortly after his arrival. He had worked in flour and lumber mills in Missouri, and found work in Brigham Young’s flour mill, then Feramorz Little’s lumber mill in Utah. He saved enough to buy the latter business, purchased a few more pieces of land, and was in business for himself by 1868.

In 1864, he married Isabella Siddoway, his only wife, and reportedly a force in her own right. Because he was monogamous, he was able to bridge the Mormon and non-Mormon worlds and help his (polygamous) brethren who were being hunted down and incarcerated by the government. Armstrong also took control of LDS church assets and businesses before they could be seized by the government, moderating the effect of the government attack on the LDS church.

Armstrong was also elected to several public positions, including school board, city council, selectman for the court, and Mayor of Salt Lake City. As Mayor, he also worked with non-Mormons to build a secular Chamber of Commerce and other alliances that strengthened the economic communities in Utah. He founded the Utah Commercial & Savings Bank, and served as its President until his death.

In 1888 he commissioned Richard Karl August Kletting to design the Utah Commercial & Savings Bank building at 22 East 100 South. The building today is described as “Richardsonian Romanesque,” and is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Francis Armstrong was succeeded by his son, William Francis Armstrong (1871-1940). The younger Armstrong was not involved in the public affairs of his father. He also had a more secular viewpoint than his father’s pioneering generation. According to the USHS biography: “Administering his family’s property holdings and directing the activities of the bank occupied most of William’s middle years. The bank seems to have over-extended itself and it ran into difficulty with the bank examiner in 1905 and later with the Utah Secretary of State. The dialogue between the two ran on for several years and led to the liquidation of the bank in 1918.” He spent most of the remainder of his life running the Standard Furniture Company, which he organized in 1908. Spine missing (several pieces with book). $500 - $700

WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography | Expeditions 277 A.J. Russell Stereoviews Along the Union Pacific Railroad Lot of 20 stereoviews by A.J. Russell taken along the line of the UPRR west from Omaha. Includes view No. 31, showing the Old State Capitol at Omaha, and four views showing the rails of the UPRR: No. 319 - Echo City, from Witches Rock; No. 382 - From Slate Point, looking down; No. 390 - Finger Rock, Echo Kanyon; and No. 549 - Donner Lake and Snow Sheds. The remainder are landscape views taken along the route from Nebraska to California. $500 - $700

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278 Powell Survey Stereoviews Photographed by John Hillers, Large Collection Lot of 110 stereoviews, all albumen prints on yellow cabinet-size mounts with U.S. Topographical and Geological Survey imprints on recto and most with titles and credit to Hillers on printed paper labels on verso. Most are landscape views in Arizona, Utah, and Nevada along the Colorado River and its tributaries, including views in the Grand Canyon, in Kanab Canyon, along the Virgin River, along the Green River, and on the Aquarius Plateau in Utah. Ten views show members of the expedition and/or their boats and gear, including No. 2 - Green River, Ready to Start; No. 70 - Kanab Creek, The Abandoned Boats (two copies); No. 197 - Grand Canyon, A Fall; and Nos. 227 - Grand Canyon, The Chasm of the Colorado, and 228 - Grand Canyon, Midgets Tower, both showing an expedition member posed on a precipice overlooking the canyon. Also included is a view in Oraibi Pueblo, Arizona, and four views on Powell Survey mounts but showing scenes along the Potomac River in Washington, DC. $2,000 - $3,000

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279 Powell Survey Stereoviews of Paiute Indians, Photographed

by Hillers Lot of 24 stereoviews, all albumen prints on yellow cabinet-size mounts with U.S. Topographical and Geological Survey imprints on recto and titles on printed paper labels on verso (two styles). All are from the series Indians of the Colorado Valley and feature individuals from one of three bands of Southern Paiute Indians: Kai-vav-its, or Kaibab (18 views), Nu-a-gun-tits, or Las Vegas band (5), and U-ai Nu-ints (1). John K. Hillers captured these scenes while serving as the official photographer for John Wesley Powell and Almon Harris Thompson’s 1871-1874 expeditions down the Colorado River. His photographs showcase the dress, daily work, and social customs of the various tribes of Southern Paiute Indians found in the greater Grand Canyon area of northern Arizona, southern Utah, and southwestern Nevada.

Particularly notable scenes in this group include No. 2 - Group of Men in Full Dress and No. 3 - Chu-ai-um-peak and His Friends, showing warriors wearing feather headdresses and posed with bows and arrows; Nos. 11 and 12 - Ta’vo-kok-i, or The Circle Dance; No. 14 - Group of Women in Full Dress; No. 19 - Game of Wolf and Deer and No. 20 - “One-little Two-little Three-little Injuns,” showing children at play; No. 69 - E-nu-ints-i-gaip, One of the Ancients (two copies), showing a Las Vegas elder wearing a head ornament and holding a bow and arrows; and views of Kaibab women gathering seeds, carrying water, and grinding grain. $1,000 - $1,500

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280 W.H. Jackson Hayden Expedition Stereoviews of Pueblo Indians, Plus Lot of 26 stereoviews by William Henry Jackson, most on cabinet-size USGS Hayden Survey mounts, though some mounts have imprints from other parts of the expedition than those pictured. Most with inked titles on verso. Includes 18 views of Zuni Pueblo in New Mexico; one view of the Moqui (Hopi) pueblo at Walpi, Arizona; three views of the ruins of the cliff dwellings in Canyon de Chelly; one view of cave dwelling ruins near McElmo, Utah; and three views of the Tetons, on smaller orange mounts published by E. & H.T. Anthony. $800 - $1,200

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281 Wheeler Expedition of 1871-1874, Indian Stereoviews by T.H. O’Sullivan Lot of 15 stereoviews from the Wheeler Expeditions of 1871, 1873, and 1874, on mounts with the expedition year on recto and titles and photo credit to Timothy H. O’Sullivan imprinted on verso (except one on E. & H.T. Anthony mount). Includes two views of Mohave Indians; two views of Zuni Pueblo and its gardens; two identical views of a

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Zuni girl with water olla on her head; four views of Navajo people at Canon de Chelly and Fort Defiance, NM; two views of Apaches, including one of three braves “ready for the war-path” and one of Jicarilla Apache brave Shee-zah-nan-tan; two views of a Ute brave and squaw; and a view of an adobe Roman Catholic church in Guadeloupe County, Colorado. $1,000 - $1,500

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography | Expeditions 282 Wheeler Expeditions of 1871-1874, Stereoviews by T.H. O’Sullivan Lot of 21 stereoviews from the Wheeler Expeditions of 1871, 1873, and 1874, on mounts with the expedition year on recto and titles and photo credit to Timothy H. O’Sullivan imprinted on verso (except one 1872 view credited to William Bell ). This grouping consists primarily of landscape views of Canon de Chelly, the Apache areas of eastern Arizona, the Conejos River Valley and Cerro Blanco Mountains in south-central Colorado, and the Shoshone Falls on the Snake River in Idaho. Notable views include No. 7, showing two expedition members with a pack mule; Nos. 22 and 25, showing expedition camps in Canon de Chelly; No. 31, showing two expedition members posed with armed Coyotero Apache Scouts; and No. 43, showing two expedition members posed with a camera in the ruins of San Juan Pueblo. $1,000 - $1,500

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283 Wheeler Expeditions of 1871 & 1872, Stereoviews by Bell & O’Sullivan Lot of 18 stereoviews from the Wheeler Expeditions of 1871 and 1872, photographed by William Bell. All on mounts with the expedition year imprinted on recto and the War Department seal, photo credit, and title imprinted on verso. Titles include: Expedition of 1871 (photo credit to T.H. O’Sullivan) No. 2 - View Across Black Canyon.

No. 3 - View down Black Canyon, from Mirror Bar. No. 4 - Grotto Spring, Grand Canyon, Colorado River.

No. 6 - View of Grand Canyon walls, near mouth of Diamond River.

Expedition of 1872 (Photo credit to Wm. Bell) No. 8 - The Canyon of Kanab Creek, near its junction with the Grand Canyon of the Colorado.

No. 9 - “The Bath,” a dripping spring in Kanab Canyon. no. 10 - The mouth of Kanab Creek.

No. 11 - Mouth of the Paria, Colorado River; walls 2,100 feet in height (2 copies).

No. 12 - View in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River.

No. 13 - Marble Canyon, one of the gorges of the Colorado here, 1,200 feet deep.

No. 14 - The northern wall of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, near the foot of To-ro-weap valley.

No. 31 - Devil’s Anvil, near foot of To-ro-weap Valley.

No. 34 - Grand Canyon of the Colorado (different mount).

Nos. 36-38 - Grand Canyon of the Colorado, near the foot of To-roweap Valley (various views). $600 - $800

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284 Timothy O’Sullivan Wheeler Expedition Photograph, Black Canon, Colorado River, Looking Above from Mirror Bar Albumen photograph, 8 x 10.75 in., on an 11 x 13.75 in. mount with the imprinted title Black Canon, Colorado River, Looking Above from Mirror Bar, with T.H. O’Sullivan Phot. lower left and No.9 lower right of the print. O’Sullivan produced this landscape photograph during the Wheeler Expedition of 1873. The boat featured at center is O’Sullivan’s photography boat, complete with make shift darkroom. $5,000 - $7,000

285 Timothy O’Sullivan, Wheeler Expedition Photograph Apache Lake, Sierra Blanca Range, Arizona Albumen photograph, 7.75 x 10.75 in., on 16 x 20 in. War Department/Wheeler Expedition mount with the imprinted title on recto, Apache Lake, Sierra Blanca Range, Arizona, with T.H. O’Sullivan Phot. lower left and No. 7 lower right. O’Sullivan produced this landscape photograph during the Wheeler Expedition of 1873. Note the man carrying a rifle at lower right. $1,000 - $1,500

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography | Landscapes

286 William Henry Jackson Albumen Photograph, Canon of the Rio Las Animas and Needle Mountains Mammoth plate albumen photograph, 20.5 x 16 in. (sight), titled in the negative, lower left, Canon of the Rio Los Animos. The Needle Mountains, and credited lower right to W.H. Jackson, Denver, CO, 1885.

Matted and framed, 29.5 x 26.5 in. $2,000 - $3,000

287 William Henry Jackson Albumen Photograph, In the Canon of the Rio Las Animos, near Rockwood Albumen photograph, 12 x 10 in. (sight), titled in the negative, lower left, In the Canon of the Rio Las Animas Near Rockwood, and credited to W.H. Jackson, 1885. Matted and framed, 21 x 18 in. $500 - $1,000

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography | Landscapes 288 William Henry Jackson Albumen Photograph, Twin Lakes, Big Cotton Wood Canon, Utah Mammoth plate albumen photograph, 20.5 x 26.5 in. (sight), titled in the negative, lower left, Twin Lake. Big Cottonwood Canon, Utah, and credited lower right to W.H. Jackson, Denver, CO, 1885. Matted and framed, 29.5 x 26.5 in. $1,000 - $2,000

289 William Henry Jackson Hand-Tinted Photograph from the Historic Glen Isle Resort, Bailey, Colorado Hand-tinted photograph, 14 x 22 in. (sight), of Lower Yellowstone Falls, 1871. Matted and framed, 22.5 x 31.5 in.

Property of the Historic Glen Isle Resort, Bailey, Colorado $1,000 - $1,500

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290 W.H. Jackson Photograph, Stage Crossing San Marcos Pass, California Textured silver print, 7 x 8.75 in., with inked title at lower right 06394 - Stage Crossing San Marcos Pass, California, and credit to Detroit Publishing Co. at lower left. This rough and steep stage trail over the Santa Ynez Mountains was the only practical land route to Santa Barbara until the completion of the railroad from Los Angeles in 1887.

Near excellent. $800 - $1,200 BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography | Cowboys

291 W.H. Jackson, Photograph of Cowboys Branding Silver gelatin photograph, 6 x 8.75 in., with title in the negative at lower left, 018486 Branding, and copyright to Detroit Publishing Co. at lower right. Likely a scene captured in Colorado, where most of Jackson’s cowboy images were made. $500 - $700

292 L.A. Huffman, Photograph of Cowboy in Action Silver gelatin photograph, 7.75 x 6 in., featuring a cowboy who appears to be on the verge of mounting his horse, numbered and copyrighted in the negative 261 Copyright by Huffman, Miles, Mont.

With penciled note on verso, Cowboy Tunie (?) on C. Dot, which likely refers to the Comstock Horse Camp in Montana. $500 - $700

293 L.A. Huffman, Photograph of Cowboys Roping a Calf Silver gelatin photograph, 7.75 x 6 in., capturing three cowboys in the act of roping a calf, numbered and copyrighted in the negative 240 Copyright by Huffman, Miles, Mont. $500 - $700

294 Cabinet Photograph of Armed Omaha Cowboy by Eaton Cabinet card of a young cowboy wearing fringed pants and jacket, as well as a cartridge belt with holster. An ivory grip is visible in the holster. The subject’s fanciful outfit suggests that he may also be a Wild West Show performer. Mount recto and verso with E.L. Eaton’s Omaha, NE imprint. $400 - $600

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Photography

295 Silver City, New Mexico Territory, Boudoir Photograph of Burlesque Baseball Teams, 1888 Boudoir photograph of two rival New Mexico Territory burlesque baseball teams, including the “Fat Fellows” and the “Slim Jims” dressed in their “grotesque and fanciful” uniforms in front of Silver City’s finest hotel, the Trimmer House, 1888. The Fat Fellows brandished a beer mug on their shirts, a drink both teams enjoyed if they did not make it to third base when batting. The Slims wore a skull and crossbones on their chest and carried “dudish canes.” The over-the-top games gained national recognition for its humor and flair for the dramatic. $500 - $700

296 Western Artists William Keith & H.W. Arthur Nahl, Rare Signed CDV Studio carte de visite autographed by notable western artists William Keith (1838-1911) and H.W. Arthur Nahl (1833-1889). Verso with studio imprint of Bryan & Johnston’s Photographic Gallery, San Francisco.

Nahl was a well-known German-born artist, daguerreotypist, engraver, portraitist, and landscape painter. He specialized in creating scenes of the Old West and California. Keith was also a well-known painter of California scenes but hailed from Scotland. He developed a particularly close relationship with naturalist, John Muir. St. Mary’s College, which has an extensive collection of Keith paintings, believes the man seated with his portfolio is Keith.

Photographs of artists such as this are particularly rare, especially autographed examples, because they often seek others as subjects rather than making themselves the subjects in others’ art. $500 - $700

WESTERN AMERICANA | Outlaws 297 Tintype of Train Robber & Jesse James Affiliate, John Bugler CDV-sized tintype of John Bugler, a crony of Jesse James. Bugler was a part of the posse on James’ last train robbery aboard the Chicago and Alton Railroad. Authorities arrested Bugler and tried him for his involvement. The New York Times published an article that mentions Bugler and his role in recruiting “Bill” Ryan, a country well diggerturned-train robber, into James’ gang member. This image came from an Independence, MO album that contained other known James and Quantrill associates. $500 - $700

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Outlaws 298 Outlaw John Wesley Hardin, Clipped Signature Hardin, J.W. (1853-1895). Western Outlaw. Clipped signature, 4.5 x 3 in., with inked note dated Dec. 2012, in which a former owner states that the autograph was received from her mother, a direct relative of Lillian Dixon, whose grandfather was John Wesley Hardin.

In the days when the West was wild and unruly, outlaws often became subject of folktales and lore. John Wesley Hardin was one of those characters. Hardin was one of the bloodiest killers in Texas, accumulating a list of 27 or 42 victims. He served 14 years in prison for his crimes. While incarcerated, he studied the law instead of breaking it. After his release an outlaw-turned lawman, John Selman, shot him in the head while Hardin played dice at the Acme saloon, ending the life of the legend. $1,000 - $1,500

WESTERN AMERICANA | Wild West Shows

299 William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody ALS to His Sister, Julia, 1905 Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill” (1846-1917). ALS, 8.5 x 11.5 on Buffalo Bill’s Wild West stationary, dated at Verdun, France, July 16 (1905), addressed to his sister Julia in Cody, WY, signed “Brother.” Accompanied by the original envelope.

Writing from Verdun during the Wild West Show’s 1905 tour of France, Cody writes: Dear Julia, I hope you are happy in your new home. Don’t worry sister mine about paying for it. I am having hard time right now but I will win out. Can’t down a man that won’t be downed. Can they dear. I feel that I have got four good years hard work in me yet. Then I will be 64.

The age all my old Army friends retire. [?] [?] Frank will retire with me. And if he and I haven’t a home and some money to live on by that time we are no good. With love, Brother.

In fact, the Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show would continue to have financial problems. Even when it was profitable, Cody was often weighed down by bad investments in mining and other questionable ventures. The show went bankrupt 1913 and Cody’s creditors auctioned off the assets, forcing the then-67-year-old to reluctantly sign on with Sells-Floto Circus just to stay afloat. $800 - $1,000

300 William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody ALS Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill” (1846-1917). ALS, 1p, 8.5 x 11 in. on Buffalo Bill’s Wild West & Pawnee Bill’s Great Far East stationary, dated at Anniston, Alabama, June 10 (1913), addressed to Frank (his cousin and business partner J. Frank Cody), signed “Cousin Will.” Cody writes: I had to have an operation in Knoxville so the newspapers had a chance to kill me off again. But I am all ok. Excuse few lines. Thanks for your letter. Am anxious to hear what Smith thinks. Love, Cousin Will.

The Buffalo Bill and Pawnee Bill partnership was a last ditch effort to save their shows from bankruptcy but when the two showmen arrived in Denver on July 20, just six weeks after this letter was written, their creditors seized all show property and liquidated it via public auction.

Cody was forced to sign on with the Sells-Floto Circus to support himself. His joke about being “killed off again” by the newspapers is an allusion to his public financial struggles in the face of the show’s waning popularity in the age of automobiles and nickelodeons. $800 - $1,000

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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301 William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody ALS to His Sister Julia Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill” (1846-1917). ALS, 1p, 8.25 x 10 in., on Waldorf-Astoria stationary, dated at New York, Dec. 14, 1913, addressed to his sister Julia, signed “Brother.” Text reads in full: Dear Sister Julia / Here is 10 shares of my mining stock. Which will be worth par value some day. / Am still hustling. Will got to North Platte for Christmas if I can get through here. Will be here until 22d / Do hope you are well and happy. I am feeling fine these days but a rest would do me good.

Cody penned this letter toward the end of a very rough year. His Wild West Show had gone bankrupt in July and his creditors had seized and auctioned off the assets. After reluctantly joining Sells-Floto Circus to raise money, he attempted to resurrect his show -- note the line “Am still hustling” -- but was not able to return it to its former glory before his death in January 1917. $800 - $1,000

302 William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody ALS, 1915 Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill” (1846-1917). ALS, 1p, 8.5 x 11 in. on Sells-Floto Circus/Buffalo Bill’s Original Wild West stationary, dated at Streator, Illinois, Aug. 3 (1915), addressed to his cousins, signed “Will.”

Cody writes: Well we have had it worse than ever with rain. The day we opened in Chicago. The great disaster of the brimming over of the Great Lake occurred and we have lost or Chicago engagement entirely. We show people are all [bent up?]...Cody then mentions that Johnny Baker has been with him and that two of his business partners are desperately trying to close a deal to sell their mining lands to a Mr. Kirkigard(sp?), but nothing yet has come of it. Cody closes with: We lost yesterday on account of floods and just got this town $12.36. That’s the kind of luck we are playing. Love, Will.

The famous showman was in dire financial straits at the time he wrote this letter. He had already been forced to sign on with Sells-Floto after having his once-thriving show seized and auctioned off, and his mining investments had failed to pay off. Photographs from this period show the toll of the stress in weight loss and rapid aging. He would be dead in less than 18 months. $800 - $1,000

303 Signed Photograph of William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody with Johnny Baker Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill” (1846-1917). Signed silver gelatin print mounted to 5.75 x 6.5 in. showing Cody in show regalia posed with sharpshooter Johnny Baker in front of a tent in the performer’s quarters of a tour stop. Inscribed by Cody at upper right To Gladdis Wright(?) and signed at lower right W.F. Cody / Buffalo Bill / 1914(?). Baker was unofficially adopted by Cody at the age of 7, following the death Cody’s only son, and grew up traveling with the Wild West Show. He became a sharpshooting star of the show and later a business manager, and founded the Buffalo Bill Memorial Museum following his foster father’s death. $800 - $1,200

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Wild West Shows

304 Buffalo Bill Cody, Woodburytype Cabinet Card Woodburytype cabinet card, titled on mount below image, Col. W.F. Cody / “Buffalo Bill.” The showman wears his full show regalia including fringed buckskin jacket, oversized belt buckle, and cavalry boots, and poses with his Winchester rifle. No photographer is credited but this view is known to have been made during one of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show tours of England in the early 1890s. $500 - $700

305 William F. Cody Lock of Hair Descended In The Cody Family, Plus Related Items Lot of 20+ 2-3 in. strands of hair, framed together with Cody stamps, coins, tokens, a facsimile signature and modern photograph, 18.5 in. x 22.5 in. overall.

Descended directly in the family of William F. Cody to his great-greatgrandson. Accompanied by Cody family lineage and notarized letter of provenance. $800 - $1,000

306 Captain Jack Crawford, Autographed Cabinet Card Crawford, John Wallace “Captain Jack” (1847-1917). Signed cabinet card produced by Cross, Hot Springs, SD. “Captain Jack” Crawford was an American adventurer, scout, journalist, performer in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, and author.

Surprisingly, he was illiterate until he was wounded in the Civil War. The ability to read fostered his creative spirit and flare for storytelling. He wrote several books but was more famous for his poetry, thus giving him the name “The Poet Scout.” Fellow poet James Martin Adams said, “I never knew a day to pass in which [Crawford] did not, with rapidly moving pencil, give outflow to his poetic imaginings in rhyme....” Crawford preformed his poetry and spoke about his exploits all over the country. He died in 1817 of kidney disease. $400 - $600

SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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Lot 307

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Wild West Shows 307 Wild West Show Group of Photographs by Prince Roland Bonaparte, Featuring Previously Unknown Portrait of Annie Oakley Lot of 5, featuring 4 albumen photographs possibly taken during the Paris tour of the Wild West Show in 1889, each approx. 6.25 x 9 in., on 11.75 x 15.75 in. mounts. Two of the mounts include the Prince Roland Bonaparte Collection blindstamp. The centerpiece of the group is a previously unknown photograph of Annie Oakley posed sidesaddle on her horse in an outdoor setting.

A second outdoor photograph captures a group of four people standing outside a makeshift structure. The boy at left has been tentatively identified as Jimmy Nelson, the youngest son of one of Buffalo Bill’s managers, John Young Nelson and his Oglala wife. The man beside him, wearing the homburg, appears to be Jule Keen, treasurer of the Wild West. We have not been able to identify the Oglala to the right of Keen or the mustached cowboy.

Studio portraits of an unidentified Lakota Indian and a left-profile view of a white man wearing a fringed jacket, possibly Wild West Show performers, are also included in this small, but important group.

Accompanied by a cloth covered portfolio with gilt title, Collection Anthropologique du Prince Roland Bonaparte/ Peaux Rouges/ N 78/ Offert A Monsieur de Quatrefages. The “Peaux Rouges” is one of several albums that were part of Bonaparte’s “Anthropological Collection.” The bulk of the collection consisted of individual portraits of various indigenous people, such as the “Peaux Rouges” (Omaha Indians), “Hindous” (Hindu), “Hottentot” (Khoikhoi), etc. The portraits were executed in anthropomorphic manner (front and profile).

Bonaparte donated a few of the albums and portfolios to institutions, such as the “Societe Geographique,” and he evidently presented this portfolio, No. 78, to Monsieur de Quatrefages. Jean-Louis Armand de Quatrefages (1810-1892) was a prominent French biologist, zoologist, and anthropologist who focused his research on the human “race.”

He is one of the first who outlined anthropomorphic method to photograph individuals, favoring front and profile only portraits, to obtain a clear and visual idea of proportions. He also encouraged the creation of albums, which were to function as collections of human types. Quatrefages was an important influence on Bonaparte’s work.

Although the portfolio cover was found with the photographs, it appears to have no direct relationship with the images. Research indicates that Bonaparte was present during the 1889 Wild West Show in Paris to “question and measure the Cheyenne and Sioux who took part in the show” (see “Ethnographic Showcases,” by Raymond Corbey, published in Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1993, p. 357). Thus, he most likely photographed Oakley and others working for the Wild West Show at the same time. $6,000 - $8,000

308 Annie Oakley, Woodburytype Cabinet Card Woodburytype cabinet card, titled on mount below image, Miss Annie Oakley,/ “Little Sure Shot.”/ Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, and with a lengthy description of the celebrated performer printed on verso. In this portrait, made during one of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show tours of England in the early 1890s, Annie Oakley proudly poses in western attire with two rifles, a shotgun, two pistols, and a fringed banner pinned with several of her sharpshooting medals. A fabulous example with deep, rich tones. $2,000 - $3,000

Lot 307 SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Wild West Shows

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WESTERN AMERICANA | Wild West Shows

309 Graham & Butler, America’s Own Rifle Team and Champion All Around Shots, Rare Poster by Strobridge Litho Co. Chromolithographed poster, 18.5 x 28 in., promoting Graham & Butler, America’s Own Rifle Team and Champion All Around Shots. The fanciful poster beautifully illustrates difficult trick shots like the original back bending shot where the shooter contorts his back behind and fires upside down, and the harrowing original double reaction shots where the pair shoots an apple off their heads with four rifles. This is the same show in which Annie Oakley made her stage debut. The only other example that has been found is housed at the Cincinnati Historic Society. Printed by the Strobridge Litho. Co., Cincinnati, OH, 1882.

Frank Butler was a sharp-shooting vaudeville performer who captured the heart of female marksman, Annie Oakley. He lost a shooting contest to her when she was 15, “I was a beaten man the moment she appeared,” said Butler, “for I was taken off guard.” He might have lost the match, but he won her hand in marriage. The couple toured the country and Butler profited from his skills in a circus act with his partner, Baughman, while Annie watched from behind the curtain. In 1882, however, Butler’s contract with the circus finished and he began his own show with a new partner, John Graham. The two produced the Graham & Butler Rifle Team.

One night before a show in Springfield, OH, Graham was too sick to perform. Desperate, Butler asked his young wife to hold the targets.

Either rattled by his partner’s illness or building suspense for the audience, Butler repeatedly missed the targets. Out from the stands a lone voice shouted, “Let the girl shoot!” Butler gave Annie her gun.

They marveled at her performance. “The crowd went into an uproar,” explained Butler, “and when I attempted to resume my act I was howled down and Annie continued.” She was an instant sensation.

Recognizing opportunity, Butler dropped Graham and partnered with his wife creating the Butler & Oakley show. Annie’s star continued to rise while Butler’s stagnated. He became her manager and never shot against her in public again. Unlike modern celebrity relationships, however, the two stayed devoted to each other. Butler recognized that her success helped them both. They were married for 50 years until Annie’s death. Distraught over the loss of his love “with rain drops in her eyes,” Butler followed her to the grave 18 days later. $8,000 - $12,000

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NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

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American History Timed Online-Only Auction January 7-18, 2016 Featuring Property of a Private New England Collector

View catalog and bid online at cowans.com

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Always Accepting Quality Consignments

Contact Katie Horstman historic@cowans.com 513.871.1670 x236 6270 Este Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45232

Office Staff President and Principal Auctioneer C. Wesley Cowan - info@cowans.com Business Operations Reid Sikes - reid@cowans.com Specialists American Indian Art Danica M. Farnand - indianart@cowans.com Susan Labry Meyn Books and Manuscripts Patricia Tench - pat@cowans.com Fine and Decorative Art Graydon Sikes - art@cowans.com Kirstie Craven - kcraven@cowans.com Jennifer Howe - jenniferhowe@cowans.com Jonathan Nolting - jonathan@cowans.com Leah Vogelpohl - leah@cowans.com Pauline Archambault - pauline@cowans.com Fine Jewelry and Timepieces Brad Wanstrath - jewelry@cowans.com American History Katie Horstman - historic@cowans.com Matt Chapman - matt@cowans.com Katie Wright - katherine@cowans.com Historic Firearms and Early Militaria Jack Lewis - firearms@cowans.com Joe Moran - joe@cowans.com Joe Higgins - photographer Bill Lewis - bill@cowans.com John Gangel - johngangel@cowans.com Emery Maury Doug Hamilton William K. Combs Sam Cowan - sam@cowans.com Carolyn Luken

Militaria and Civil War Allen Cebula Office Manager / Auction Coordinator Phyllis Terry - phyllis@cowans.com Dawnie Komotios - dawnie@cowans.com Donna Samuels - donna@cowans.com Amy Francis - info@cowans.com Laura Meyer - laura@cowans.com Production Manager Maureen Buri - maureen@cowans.com Marketing, Public Relations and Advertising Evan Sikes - evan@cowans.com Photography Linda Gillings - photo@cowans.com David Jackson Gary Phillips Catalog Design Jennifer Castle - jenny@cowans.com Installations Coordinator Nick Grote - nick@cowans.com Shipping Dan Wolfangel - shipping@cowans.com Dave Shear Michael Schroder Cleveland Office Michael DeFina - michaeldefina@cowans.com Carrie Corrigan - carrie@cowans.com Lauren Casale - lauren@cowans.com Denver Office Timothy Stenger - timstenger@cowans.com

MAP TO COWAN'S

COWAN’S 6270 Este Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45232 DIRECTIONS: Cowan’s is located off I-75 at Exit 9 (Seymour Ave. & Paddock Rd. Exit). At exit ramp, take Paddock south, and turn right (west) onto Seymour. Continue on Seymour Avenue past Vine St. and the railroad crossing. The second street past the railroad crossing is Este Ave. Turn left onto Este into the “Ridgewood Industrial Park.” Cowan’s is on the left at 6270 Este Ave. See our website COWANS.COM for additional travel directions and local hotel accommodations.

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Terms and Conditions By registering and bidding in an auction conducted by Cowan’s Auctions, Inc. (“Cowan’s”), bidders (whether present in person, by telephone, by agent, by written or telephone absentee bid instruction, or through a live internet connection) agree to be bound by these terms. These are the complete and only terms and conditions on which all property is offered for sale. Cowan’s retains the right to bar any bidder from participating in any auction and to exclude or reject any bid.

1) REGISTRATION. All bidders must register their name, permanent street address (no P.O. Boxes), and telephone number prior to the auction. Unless known to Cowan’s, all registrants are required to present two forms of identification, at least one of which must include a current photograph. Bidders may be required to present a valid Visa or MasterCard. By registering with Cowan’s or submitting an absentee bid form, an individual registrant authorizes Cowan’s to obtain a copy of his or her consumer credit report and authorizes Cowan’s, at its sole discretion, to use the information contained therein to make business decisions regarding the registrant’s participation in the bidding process.

2) ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS. Bidding on any item, whether in person, by phone, by absentee bid or via a live internet auction indicates the bidder’s agreement to be bound by these Terms and Conditions for Bidders. Any right of bidder under this agreement shall not be assignable and shall only be enforceable by the original buyer. The rights and obligations of the parties shall be governed by the laws of the state of Ohio. All bidders submit to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts in Ohio.

3) TERMS OF SALE. Announcements made the day of auction take precedence over any previous communication. The auctioneer reserves the right to withdraw any lot at any time before its final sale and to reject any bid for any reason. The highest bidder for each lot acknowledged by the auctioneer shall be the “buyer”. If any dispute arises as to any bidding, or between two or more bidders, at the sole discretion of the auctioneer, the successful bidder will be determined or the disputed lot shall be put up again at the last undisputed bid and resold.

4) BUYER’S PREMIUM. (a) Buyer’s Premium for “Antique and Modern Firearms” auctions; the Auctioneer will collect and retain from the Buyer, as additional commission, a premium equal to 15% the Sale Price of each Lot up to and including $200,000, plus 10% of the amount by which the Sale Price exceeds $200,000. (b) Buyer’s Premium for “Fine and Decorative Art”, “Modern Ceramics”, “American Indian and Western Art”, “American History”, “Fine Jewelry and Timepieces” and any other specialized auctions; the Auctioneer will collect and retain from the Buyer, as additional commission, a premium equal to 20% the Sale Price of each Lot up to and including $200,000, plus 15% of the amount by which the Sale Price exceeds $200,000. (c) Buyer’s Premium for online, timed and other third-party bidding platforms may vary.

5) ESTIMATES AND RESERVES. Presale estimates are intended to be guides and may or may not reflect the ultimate hammer price of a lot. Cowan’s retains the right to change estimates on any lot up to time of sale. A reserve is a confidential minimum price agreed upon by the seller of the lot and Cowan’s. In the case of reserved lots, the seller has authorized Cowan’s to bid on seller’s behalf until the reserve price is reached. In no case will the reserve be higher than the low presale estimate. Cowan’s standard house reserve on all property at auction is one-half of the low estimate.

6) WARRANTIES AND DISCLAIMERS. Cowan’s makes a limited warranty only to the original buyer of record concerning the authenticity of each lot for a period of 14 days after bidder’s receipt of the purchased lot. If a buyer is not satisfied that the lot purchased is genuine, the buyer may, at his or her own expense, obtain the opinion of two mutually agreed upon recognized experts in the field of the disputed lot. If these experts determine that the item is not genuine, the buyer’s sole and exclusive remedy shall be the rescission of the sale and refund of the amount paid for the item. It is specifically understood and agreed that the rescission of the sale and refund is exclusive and in lieu of any other remedy which might otherwise be available as a matter of law or in equity, and such remedy is conditioned upon the buyer returning the property in the same condition as at the time of sale. Cowan’s shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages. All sales are final, with no returns or refunds except as provided in this limited warranty.

Except as provided in the immediately proceeding paragraph, EVERY LOT IS SOLD “AS IS”, without any representations or warranties by Cowan’s or the seller as to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, condition or value of the property, or the correctness or completeness of the catalog or other description of the property, and no statement, whether written or oral, shall be deemed such a representation, warranty or assumption of liability. Cowan’s makes no representation or warranty that the buyer of manuscript material, photographs, prints or works of art will acquire any copyright or reproduction rights. Cowan’s does not guarantee the working order of any clock, watch, electronic or mechanical device. Dimensions given in the catalog descriptions may be approximate.

7) DEFINITIONS OF AUTHORSHIP. “By” or “Maker/Artist” — in our opinion, the work is by the artist or maker stated “Attributed to” — in our opinion, the work is probably, but not definitely, by the artist or maker stated “Signed” or “Marked” — in our opinion, the signature or mark is that of the stated artist or maker “Bearing the signature (or mark) of” — in our opinion, the signature or mark is probably, but not definitely, that of the artist or maker stated “Circle of” — in our opinion, the work is of the period and by an artist or maker closely associated with the stated artist or maker “School of” — in our opinion, the work is by a pupil or follower of the stated artist or maker “Manner of” — in our opinion, the work is of the period and done in the style of the stated artist or maker “After” — in our opinion, the work is a copy of a work by the stated artist or maker 8) INSPECTION. Except for Online-Only Auctions, all lots are available for inspection prior to the auction. Condition reports for most items can be found online at Cowan’s website, www.cowans.com, and prospective bidders are encouraged to contact Cowan’s directly for additional information regarding the condition of any lot. Cowan’s does not warrant the condition of any item. Buyers interested in the condition of an item are encouraged to contact Cowan’s and, to the best of our ability, we will document for the prospective bidder the condition status on any lot. Condition is always a subjective evaluation and final responsibility rests with the buyer to assess the condition of any item sold by Cowan’s.

ABSENTEE, TELEPHONE AND INTERNET BIDDING Absentee and telephone bidding is offered as a free service to our customers and prospective bidders. Cowan’s shall not be responsible for any errors or failures in executing bids, either absentee, telephone or via the internet.

9) ABSENTEE BIDDING. Absentee bids are accepted via mail, fax, email and on Cowan’s website. Such bids will be posted with the time and date of arrival, with ties being awarded to the earliest bidder. Absentee bids that are faxed or emailed to Cowan’s need to be in the office at least 2 hours before the sale begins.

An absentee bidder unknown to Cowan’s may be required to submit a bank letter of credit prior to the auction, or, using a credit card, deposit with Cowan’s a fee equaling 30% of the absentee bid.

All absentee bids are executed competitively by a member of the auction staff. The auction staff will try to purchase the lot for the lowest price possible and will bid up to the amount designated by the absentee bidder only if necessary. Cowan’s does not accept “buy bids,” or absentee bids which have no limit. In the event of a tie bid between a floor and an absentee bidder, the floor bid will be honored.

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10) TELEPHONE BIDDING. Bidding live via the telephone is available on a first come, first served basis for those lots with a low estimate of $500 or greater. In order for Cowan’s to efficiently serve the needs of those who wish to bid by phone, please note the following: • To participate in the auction by telephone, potential bidders must complete and sign the absentee bid form and check “I WISH TO BID BY TELEPHONE” for the designated lots. Potential bidders may also reserve a phone line on Cowan’s website. If faxing or emailing requests for phone bidding, they need to be in Cowan’s office 2 hours before the sale begins. Once the auction begins, requests left on Cowan’s website may not be retrieved by the staff.

• Telephone bidders are advised to indicate an “insurance bid”, which amount will become an absentee bid, pursuant to the absentee bidding process set forth above, if Cowan’s can not reach the bidder by telephone for a particular indicated lot.

• Telephone bidders must disable any caller ID or other call blocking mechanism.

• Cowan’s sells about 100 lots per hour, so telephone bidders should plan accordingly. Cowan’s will attempt to reach each telephone bidder, but Cowan’s is in no way responsible for missed calls.

11) INTERNET BIDDING. Internet bidding is available through our website; additionally, Cowan’s may post certain auctions on Bidsquare (bidsquare.com) or Proxibid (proxibid.com). There may be terms which apply solely to internet bids that should be reviewed online at the time of sale. Cowan’s is not responsible for any failure to execute a bid and shall have no liability to any bidder for any technical or other failure associated with an internet auction.

12) BIDDING INCREMENTS. The following increments are used at the auction. Absentee bids must fall within these increments. Cowan’s will automatically reduce any absentee bid to the closest increment if the bid falls outside the published range of increments.

For Bids Falling Between Bidding Increment $0-500 $25 $501-1,000 $50 $1,001-3,000 $100 $3,001-5,000 $250 $5,001 and up $500 or at the discretion of the auctioneer Cowan’s reserves the right to modify increments at any time during the auction.

AFTER THE AUCTION 13) BUYER’S RESPONSIBILITY. Upon the fall of the hammer, title to the offered lot shall pass to the buyer and the buyer immediately (a) assumes full risk and responsibility for the lot, including liability for loss or damage and (b) is liable for payment of the Purchase Price (as defined below) to Cowan’s. It is the buyer’s responsibility to ask specific questions on condition related concerns prior to the auction. Cowan’s will not rescind sales with buyers that have disputes regarding firearm’s bore condition.

14) PURCHASE PRICE AND PAYMENT. The discounted “Purchase Price” for each lot shall equal the hammer price, buyer’s premium, sales tax and, if applicable, all packing, handling, insurance and shipping costs. Payment may be made with cash, personal or traveler’s check or credit card. Cowan’s reserves the right to hold a purchased lot until a check has cleared.

A convenience fee of $15.00 will be assessed to all transactions made in the alternate payment channels: Phone payments are made available as a convenience outside Cowan’s Auctions customary payment channels, therefore these payments are qualified as payments made in the alternative payment channel. All forms of payment made using this method will be assessed the convenience fee. Please call Cowan’s Auctions if you have any questions regarding this policy.

PLEASE NOTE: A surcharge of 2% will be assessed to all credit card transactions. This surcharge is not greater than our cost of acceptance.

Buyers who are present at the auction must pay the full Purchase Price at the time of the sale. Buyers who bid by telephone or who are absentee bidders will be invoiced within 5 days after the close of the auction and must pay the full Purchase Price for each purchased lot within 14 days after the date of the auction. By signing the absentee bid form or placing a bid by telephone, an absentee bidder authorizes Cowan’s to charge the Purchase Price for each lot for which such bidder is the successful bidder to the credit card number provided by telephone or on the absentee bid form, unless payment in full or alternative payment instruction is received within 14 days after the date of the auction. No property will be released

by Cowan’s unless the Purchase Price has been paid in full.

Institutional billing may be available, and should be arranged prior to the auction.

Cowan’s may impose late charges of 1.5% per month (or the highest interest rate allowed) on any amount owed to Cowan’s that remains unpaid after 30 days. Buyer shall be liable for any collection costs or attorney’s fees incurred by Cowan’s to collect payment, to the extent permitted by law.

15) SALES TAX. Buyers are required to pay any applicable state and local sales tax.

16) SHIPPING. At the request of the buyer, Cowan’s will authorize the shipment of purchased items usually within two weeks after payment has been received. Shipment is generally made via UPS or Fed-Ex Ground. Unless buyer gives special instructions, the shipping method shall be at the sole discretion Cowan’s Auctions. Cowan’s is in no way responsible for the acts or omissions of independent handlers, packers or shippers of purchased items or for any loss, damage or delay from the packing or shipping of any property.

ADVICE TO INTERNATIONAL BUYERS. Cowan’s will not ship any package containing a firearm to any location other than within the United States.

Buyers outside the United States must make their own shipping arrangements taking full risk for the transportation of any firearm.

Property made of or containing certain plant or animal materials, such as coral, crocodile, ivory, whalebone, baleen, tortoiseshell, etc., may require a license or certificate before exportation from the United States and importation to another country. If you are purchasing items that contain these materials, you need to check the government wildlife import requirements in the countries from which and to which the item is being shipped prior to bidding. Since the export and import licenses are independently issued by the countries of origin and destination, obtaining one does not guarantee that you can obtain the other. Purchasers are responsible for making timely payments on items won at auction, even if a license is delayed or denied.

17) SHIPPING CHARGES. Buyers are required to pay for all packing, shipping and insurance charges. Overseas duty charges are the responsibility of the successful bidder. Be aware that for larger and/or valuable items, shipping charges can be substantial.

18) REMOVAL AND STORAGE OF PROPERTY. If purchased property has not been removed, or Cowan’s has not received shipping instructions within 21 days after the auction date, a $10 per item per day storage fee may be charged to the buyer.

19) CANCELLATION OF SALE. If purchased property remains in the custody of Cowan’s for a period of 60 days following the auction, Cowan’s may, at its option, cancel the sale, retaining as liquidated damages any payments made by the buyer, or resell the property at auction or by any other commercially reasonable means, for the account and at the risk of the buyer, and in such event, buyer shall be liable for the payment of all deficiencies plus all of Cowan’s costs, including but not limited to storage and costs of both sales. This right of cancellation is in addition to any and all other remedies available to Cowan’s.

Copyright © 2015 Cowan’s Auctions SEE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS, ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND CONDITION REPORTS OF ALL LOTS AT COWANS.COM

NOVEMBER 20, 2015 CINCINNATI, OHIO

181

ABSENTEE BID FORM REGISTRATION NO. ___________________________________________________

6270 Este Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45232 513.871.1670 Fax: 513.871.8670 info@cowans.com cowans.com

DATE/TIME RECEIVED _________________________________________________ PH/FAX_________________ MAIL___________ E-MAIL______________________ SALE NO. ___________________________________________________________ (FOR OFFICE USE ONLY)

Name (please print)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Address______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City__________________________________________________________ State_________________________________________ Zip______________________ Phone________________________________________Fax____________________________________________ Email____________________________________ I request that Cowan’s Auctions, Inc. (“Cowan’s”) (i) enter bids on the following lots up to the maximum price I have indicated for each lot in the “Absentee Bid” column; or (ii) reserve a telephone line for telephone bidding for the lots indicated. I request that if Cowan’s is unable to reach me for telephone bidding for a lot, that Cowan’s enter bids on such lot up to the maximum price indicated in the “Insurance Bid” column. I understand that Cowan’s will execute the absentee bids competitively on my behalf. I further understand that Cowan’s executes absentee bids and allows telephone bids as a convenience for customers and that Cowan’s is not responsible for failure to execute bids or for errors relating to the execution of my bids. I agree to be bound by the Terms and Conditions for Bidders printed in the auction catalog and listed on Cowan’s web site www.cowanauctions.com and I understand that I am responsible for determining the condition and authenticity of any lot, and that all items are sold AS IS with no returns or refunds. By submitting this Absentee Bid Form, I authorize Cowan’s to obtain a copy of my individual consumer credit report and authorize Cowan’s, at its sole discretion, to use the information contained therein to make business decisions regarding my participation in the bidding process.

Lot No.

Description

Absentee Bid I Wish to Bid by Phone Insurance Bid

(phone bidders only)

If my bid is successful, I understand that the purchase price for each lot will be the sum of the hammer price, the buyer’s premium, sales tax and all packing, handling, insurance and shipping costs (the “purchase price”). I understand that I will be invoiced within 5 days after the auction and that I will be responsible for paying Cowan’s the full purchase price immediately upon receipt of the invoice. Cowan’s may impose late charges of 1.5% per month (or the highest interest rate allowed) on any amount owed to Cowan’s that remains unpaid after 30 days. By signing this absentee bid form I authorize Cowan’s to charge the credit card listed below for the full purchase price of each lot for which my bid is successful, unless payment in full or alternative payment instructions are received by Cowan’s within 14 days after the date of the auction.

Visa/Mastercard Number_______________________________________ Exp. Date_________________ Security Code (3 or 4 digit number on credit card)________ Print Name (as it appears on credit card)_________________________________________Signature (must be signed)______________________________________

How did you find out about the auction?

(Please check as many as appropriate) q Received printed flier q Received printed catalogue q Received email blast

q Saw an advertisement Which publication: __________________________________________________________ q Referred by a friend q Other: ____________________________________________________________________

q Saw it on our website 182

COWAN’S AMERICAN HISTORY

BID LIVE ONLINE AT BIDSQUARE.COM

Cowan’s 6270 Este Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45232 513.871.1670 fax 513.871.8670 info@cowans.com cowans.com