TOWN PLANNING STUDIO - POLITECNICO DI MILANO - A.A 2017/ 2018 - GROUP 5 - ILARIA FURBETTA -EDA OZDEMIR - ARTINA QEHAJA
C O N G E S T E D P A R A D I S E
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TOWN PLANNING DESIGN WORKSHOP | 2017-18 | Professors: Grazia Concilio,Talita Medina, Patrizia Scrugli
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(SURVEY)
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(THE STRATEGIC TALE)
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(THE NEW TALE)
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M A P P I N G
MAPPING
M A P P I N G M A P P I N G M A P P I N G
M A P P I N G
M A P P I N G
M A P P I N G
M A P P I N G
M A P P I N G M A P P I N G M A P P I N G
FORLANINI
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TALE
Top Green Surfaces in Milan with Parco Forlanini’s contribution. Right Parco Forlanini aerial view.
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SPORTS ACTIVITIES FACILITIES PARKING PLACES SERVICES COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES RESIDENTIAL AREAS
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AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OPEN-GRASS FIELDS SPORTS FIELDS
Morphology 3
Fig. 1 Site functions. Fig. 2 Field typology. Fig. 3 Integration of existing functions within the urban fabric.
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ACTIVATION POINTS
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PARKING AREAS NEW POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Potential 6
Fig. 4 Cascinas as activation points. Fig. 5 Third-Landscape surfaces. Fig. 6 Blurring of borders by activating targeted areas inside the park.
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Fig. 7 Vehicular system. Fig. 8 Railway system.
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Vehicular System The boundary hugging Forlanini by all sides and “dividing� it with the highway.
Airport Linate Boundary of the Southern Forlanini.
Railway System The railway lines passing through the entire length of the Western and Northern part of Froalnini.
Water System The body of water composed by the Lambro river, the lake and the Idroscalo.
Boundary System The system of all the bounding elements around and within the park.
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Fig. 9 Overlapping of the present bounaries.
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P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E P A R A D I S E P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E
P A R A D I S E P A R A D I S E P A R A D I S E
G A R D E N
TALE
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Fig. 10 An interpretation of the Congested Paradise.
Fig. 11 Differently from today, thousands of years ago the Persians held different priorities in gardening which remain relevant up to today. In the naturally rough and disfavorable conditions of the region, creating a garden in that environment signified truly creating something new. The attention was focused not only in creating something beautiful, although that also, but instead envisioning a paradise on Earth and then inhabiting it with the most inspiring people of the time, i.e poets and musicians. The elements necessary to create this paradise on earth gave a vital importance to the relationship between the garden (with sweet fruits and shade), the water and the human-scale buildings which needed to be protected by vast, external perimetring walls.
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Fig. 12 Among many particular characteristics of the site, one of the most evident remains the circumference of the site by 3 types of boundaries- railway, body of water (Idroscalo) and the Linate airport, creating a physical wall which makes the permeability to the site close to impossible. However, instead of taking the mentality of the defeated, it is interesting to imagine a scenario where this disadvantageous situation would potentially play an advantage role. Instead of thinking of the isolated character of the site due to the by-products of heavy infrastructure, these exact “walls� can become essential to our persuit of creating something beautiful in a site like that of the Forlanini Park.
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Fig. 13 Milano (right) and Segrate (left) connected through Parco Forlanini.
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Via Corelli and Via Rivoltana as streets subject to heavy fluxes of traffic.
Via Corelli and Via Rivoltana as streets belonging to the urbanized side of the park.
The potential of transforming the Stripe by using the strategy of green.
Fig. 14 Via Corelli and Via Rivoltana (the Stripe) as a potential element of transformation.
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Fig. 15 Functional mapping of the Stripe and Promenade System.
Fig. 16 Typical diagrammatic secton of the Stipe.
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Fig. 17 Functional mapping of the Stripe and Promenade System.
Fig. 18 Typical diagrammatic secton of the Stipe.
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Fig. 19 Keyplan: Stripe and Promenades
Fig. 20 Mapping of cascinas and their relationship with the fields they are located in.
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Fig. 21 Mapping of existing cascinas in the site.
HORTUS
Cultivation of vegetables
POMARIA
Cultivation of fruit trees
HORTUS
Cultivation of flowers
HORTUS
Cultivation of vegetables
HORTUS
Cultivation of vegetables
VIDIARIA
VIDIARIA
Cultivation of trees
Cultivation of trees
HORTUS SEMPLICIUM Cultivation of medical erbs
Fig. 22 Re-acitvation and re-purposing of the production of cascinas.
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The
e
Strip
s
nade
e Prom
inas
Casc
et Secr ns e Gard
Inner tion la Circu Path
Fig. 23 Project Components
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The Stripe Concept
The Promenade Concept
The Green Strategy Concept
The Cascina as an Entrance Concept
Fig. 24 Project Components Axonometries
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Fig. 25 The green areas in the form of open fields or the ThirdLandscape, throughout the Stripe.
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Fig. 26 The green areas in the form of open fields and the abacus strategies throughout the first Promenade.
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Fig. 27 The green areas in the form of open fields and the abacus strategies throughout the second Promenade.
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Fig. 28 Keyplan: ThirdLandscape Areas Fig. 29 Axo: ThirdLandscape Areas
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Green Wall The Vegetation of existing wall structures.
Locked Areas Abandoned areas left to be taken over by a wilder vegetation.
Promenade Perspectives Enhancement of Promenade’s path by the use of perspectives created by vegetation.
Fruit and Vegetable Garden The introduction of new fruit and vegetable gardens in the gardens and courtyards of cascinas.
Fig. 30 Natural Devices
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New lights along the Stripe In addition to existing lights new ones will be added to enhance the overall street quality.
Pedestrian Path Continuation The bike and pedestrian construction in Via Rivoltana to create the continuity along the Stripe.
Symbols The introduction of signs and symbols along the stripe as directions and attractor elements.
Fig. 31 Artificial Devices
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Now
2030
2040
2050
GREEN WALL
LOCKED GARDEN
NATURAL DEVICES
PROMENADE
SECRET GARDENS
SECRET GARDENS
SECRET GARDENS
Hortus
Vidiaria
Hortus semplicium
BIKE / PEDESTRIAN PATH
ARTIFITIAL DEVICES
LIGHTING SYSTEM
CASCINAS RENEWAL
Top Timeline of the course of interventions divided in natural and artificial devices. Right Timeline of the course of interventions, from the most urgent ones to those that will be developed wiithin the next 30 years.
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40 Years
PHASE 4
2038
Development of Industrial Park River Bank Treatment
PHASE 3 Development of Romantic Park River Bank Treatment
PHASE 2
2035
Development of Urbanized Park River Bank Treatment
PHASE 1 Stripe and Promenade Cascina Courtyards
2030
River Bank Reposition
Release Final Master Plan 2018
Incorporate Public Review Input Begin public refiew of Draft Master Plan
Now
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Current Situation
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Project Completion
Fig. 32 The times of spatial intervention of the Stripe at Via Cavalcavia Buccari.
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Current Situation
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Project Completion
Fig. 33 The times of spatial intervention of the Stripe at Via Rivoltana.
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Current Situation
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Project Completion
Fig. 34 The times of spatial intervention of the Stripe under the Highway.
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Shooting Holy Land by Koudelka “And I grew up behind the Wall. For me it was the prison; I was in the cage. So, of course I didn’t like the Wall. But in the same time it is pretty spectacular, this Wall.”
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PARC AUX ANGELIQUES Michel Desvigne •
Although located in two completely different contexts, the two projects show a similar approach in the strategy of development. This development strategy is composed of 2 INTERDEPENDENT entities. The first hugs one side of the site from which branches the second one composed of LINEAR PATHS. These two entities create not only an accessibility system, but instead a SYSTEM of general GOVERNANCE.
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The project not only develops following a LONG-TERM VISION, but also depending on the lots the municipality gradually is able to free up. This means that lots developed in DIFFERENT TIME periods will be distinguished by the age of the planted vegetation.
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MASTERPLAN TORHOUT LOLA Landscape Architects •
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The Seven Hidden Gardens: Relocation of the parking places in an individual SPACE to create space for other programs that will add DIVERSITY on the experience value of Torhout. The 7 places will be transformed into HIDDEN GARDENS, which are connected to the main market square via footpaths. Together they form the Torhout’s icons, each relating to a landscape characteristic of the town. The RE-ACTIVATION of 10 cascinas with their corresponding PRODUCTIVE GARDENS as ATTRACTIVE POINTS within the site and create a new relationship between city and new forms of agriculture. The cascinas, forming a NET within the site, are EASILY ACCESSED by the main boulevard as they are mostly positioned close by the promenades.
SPORTS PARK GENK LOLA Landscape Architects •
The landscape design connects three different spaces with equal importance by using a large, AMORPHOUS paved space that connects the main functions of the sport park.
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- The proposal for a new STRIP as a main reference axis which penetrates into the site by the use of PROMENADES,linearly CONNECTING the park. The strip will change in diameter throughout the site creating OPPORTUNITIES for RESTING PLACES, LEISURE, PLAZAS and OPEN-VIEWS to inside the park.
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Fig. 35 Scenarios: - Playground - Basketball Field - Skating Park - Open Field
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SHENYANG JIANZHU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Turenscape Architects •
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Landscape architects working in China must address issues of food production and sustainable land use, two of the biggest current issues on China’s horizon as the country moves towards modernization. Small budget: only about one US dollars per square meter was allocated for landscaping. Most of the budget funded the design and construction of 320,000 sq m of new university buildings. Short timeline: the university required the design to be developed and implemented within one year. Classes were expected to begin in the fall semester of 2003.
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C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D CONGESTED PARADISE C O N G E S T E D C O N N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D C O N G E S T E D
TALE
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Fig. 36 Romantic Visions of the Park Evolution.
INITIAL HYPOTHESIS Gardens are the man’s most impermanent architectural creations The greatest qualities that gardens posess are precisely the ones that removed it from the category as an art form, as it does not meet various criteria of what we count as the arts today. Firstly, a garden is never finished. Plants grow, die, change daily and seasonly, meaning that in years it will transform itself completely. This makes it impossible for the product to be the outcome as it is in constant change. Secondly, as nature changes, it can not be entirely controled. At this point, the process of gardening becomes devalued drastically, since what usually is required is a product deliverable on a specific timescale. Differently from today, thousands of years ago, the Persians held different priorities in gardening which remain relevant up to today. In the naturally rough and disfavorable conditions of the region, creating a garden in that environment signified truly creating something new. The attention was focused not only in creating something beautiful, although that also, but instead envisioning a paradise on earth and then inhabiting it with the most inspiring people of the time, i.e poets and musicians. The elements necessary to create this paradise on earth gave a vital importance to the relationship between the garden (with sweet fruits and shade), the water and the human-scale buildings which needed to be protected by vast, external perimetring walls. Among many particular characteristics of the site, one of the most evident remains the circumference of the site by 3 types of boundaries- railway, body of water (Idroscalo) and the Linate airport, creating a physical wall which makes the permeability to the site close to impossible. However, instead of taking the mentality of the defeated, it is interesting to imagine a scenario where this disadvantageous situation would potentially play an advantage role. Instead of thinking of the isolated character of the site due to the by-products of heavy infrastructure, these exact “walls� can become essential to our persuit of creating something beautiful in a site like that of the Forlanini Park. In addition to creating something beautiful, the park will aim at orchestrating a dynamic coexistance of different events which will further generate new unprecedented scenarios.
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STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION The park funcions with the layering of three elements: the Strip, the Promenades and the Cascinas with the Secret Gardens. The Strip Because of the location of the park in the larger scale, in between Milano and Segrate, the concept of the strip was born initially as a direct attempt to connect these two municipalities. Moreover, this strip is located in an area which is considerably more urbanized in comparison to the Southern axis, with many parking area spots along this linear system, allowing for the parking of the cars and continuing in foot inside the park. At the same time, areas on the sides of the strip, which are currently abandoned, have been “locked” to develop a dense and wild body of green, working with the rest of the plan towards a new urban ethics, where other arnimals are involved into the planning process as well. The strip itself has been transformed into a hybrid linear development, where the cycling and pedestrian paths have been merged, sometimes continuing alongside with the car path, and at points opening up to views and the fields of the park. Because the strip is subjected to high traffic flows on a daily basis its introduction with the users has been compromised. Continuing with the theme of using green as architecture intervention, the walls ‘protecting’ the strip have been completely planned to be overtaken by the green, both existing and our project intervention. This is not only environmentally friendly, but moreover serve as sound barriers for the heavy use of infrastructure around the park and creates a beautiful space, which constantly changes shape, form and color. The Promenades The promenades will in essence be the extention of the strip into the park, like a comb. Just like the strip, the promenades follow the language described in the abacus provided, which uses different strategies of the use of green to conceal or enhance certain features of the park. Once the walls have been passed, the inside of the park will be dominated by nature that takes its own program. From thematic gardens and open fields to the use of trees as screens to respond to problems of noise and/or generate aesthetic experiences. By using trees of different heights, transparrency, density and homogeneity, some tree screens will produce density while others will create views to open fields. Each promenade is dedicated only to the pedestrian and ends up with the entrance to the cascina, hence the entrance to the park. The Cascinas + Secret Gardens The cascinas in Forlanini will be subjected to the program of Cascina re-functioning, by giving each a function, from social to agricultural, to contribute to the park while serving as an actiive point individually. Moreover, the cascinas play the role of the entrance to the park. In their courtyards they carry the charm Gardens, with differently colored trees and different scents, as a pleasant entrance to the rest of the body of the park. Paradoxically, while the wild parks along the strip represent the bringing of the wild into the urban, the Gardens offer the opposite- bringing of the urbanized, civilized into the wilderness. Conclusion The project will not be a landscape design. The more the park will work, the more it will manifest its change. The emphasis will be put in the process and in the creation, rather than the output. Anything that is not a continual cycle will damage the product.
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Bridge
Bike lane
Cascina
Hortus - Cultivation of vegetables
Lambro river
Locked garden
Market
Hortus - Cultivation of flowers
Viridiaria - Cultivation of trees
M4 subway
Green wall
Restaurant and Bar
Pomaria - Cultivation of fruit trees
Hortus semplicium - Cultivation of medical erbs
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Fig. A Re-imagining the beginning of the Stripe where the co-exsitence of the car and pedestrian paths is desireable.
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Fig. B The congestion of farming, office and leisure activities within the Stripe.
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Fig. C FUN at Forlanini.
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Fig. D The garden located in the agricultural field, combining leisure and productive activities.
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Apple Tree
Noce Comune
Pioppo Nero
Ailanthus Altissima
Acero Americano
Fig. 37 Legend of tall trees used in the project.
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Monarda Jacob Cline
Deschampsia
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Aster Twilight
Astratia Claret
Molinia Litoralis
Fig. 38 Legend of bushes used in the market garden.
A’
A
Fig. 39 Stripe Plan 1/200 Section AA’ 1/200
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B’
B
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Fig. 40 Stripe Plan 1/200 Section BB’ 1/200
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C
C’
D’
D 70
Fig. 41 Promenade Plan 1/200 Section CC’ 1/200 Section DD’ 1/200
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Fig. 42 Render Pavement Materials
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Fig. 43 Market Garden Plan 1/500 Section DD’ 1/500
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Fig. 44 Productive Garden
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A.
B.
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C.
Main Interventions A. Third-Landscape Strategy The re-purpose of abandoned/ unused areas as places of refugee for natural diversity. B. Stripe and Promenade Strategic Orgnaization A hybrid, linear development, where the cycling and pedestrian paths have been merged, sometimes continuing alongside with the car path, and at other points opening up to the views and the fields park.
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C. Gem Gardens and the Cascina Requalification By re-purposing each cascina, from the agricultural to the ones hosting social activities, they actively contribute to the park,becoming active points themselves.
4 Wall Strategies along the Stripe
Fig. 45 Railway Wall
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Fig. 46 Highway Wall
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Fig. 47 Scenographic Wall
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Fig. 48 Decorated Wall
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Strategic Organization The park funcions with the layering of three elements: the Strip, the Promenades and the Cascinas with the Secret Gardens. The Stripe Because of the location of the park in the larger scale, in-between Milano and Segrate, the concept of the strip was born initially as a direct attempt to connect these two municipalities. Moreover, this strip is located in an area which is considerably more urbanized in comparison to the Southern axis, with many parking area spots along this linear system, allowing for the parking of the cars and continuing in foot inside the park.
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8 Strategies of Vegetation
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STRATEGY 1 Natural Perspective
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STRATEGY 2 Natural Border Perspective
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STRATEGY 3 Intensified Perspective
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STRATEGY 4 Bush Perspective
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STRATEGY 5 Open/ Camouflage Perspective
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STRATEGY 6 Vegetation Wall Perspective
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STRATEGY 7 Open Perspective
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STRATEGY 8 Scenographic Wall Perspective
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The Promenades The promenades will in essence be the extention of the strip into the park, like a comb. Just like the Strip, the Promenades follow the language described in the abacus provided, which uses different strategies of the use of green to conceal or enhance certain features of the park.
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Fig. 49 Promenade 1 Plans and Elevations: Current and Project
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Fig. 50 Promenade 2 Plans and Elevations: Current
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CASCINA
TAVERNA
Cascina Casanova
Fig. 51 Promenade 3 Plans and Elevations: Current
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Fig. 52 Promenade 4 Plans and Elevations: Current and Project
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Fig. Openings in the wall creating a visual connection between outside and the gem gardens.
Fig. Meeting places in the public plaza, marketplace or in front of the coffee places.
Fig. Food trucks in the site during the weekend for the food market.
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The Cascinas + Secret Gardens The cascinas in Forlanini will be subjected to the program of Cascina re-functioning, by giving each a function, from social to agricultural, to contribute to the park while serving as an active point individually. Moreover, the cascinas play the role of the entrance to the park. In their courtyards they carry the charm Gardens, with differently colored trees and different scents, as a pleasant entrance to the rest of the body of the park. Paradoxically, while the wild parks along the strip represent the bringing of the wild into the urban, the Gardens offer the oppositebringing of the urbanized, civilized into the wilderness.
Fig. 53 1/8 Gem Gadens hosting the weekly market and the re-purpose of the cascina into a restaurant.
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COMPANION PLANTING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Onion
Tomato
Corn
Spinach
Carrot
Spinach
Beans
Pea
Lettuce
Broccoli
Cabbage
Cucumber
Kale
Pea
Radish
Cabbage
Patato
Carrot
Squash
Lettuce
BENEFITS OF COMPANION PLANTING • • • • •
Onions deter most pests Radishes deter cucumber beetles Onions and leaks repel carrot flies Lettuce tanderises summer radishes Tomatoes repel the caterpillars that chew on cabbage leaves
Fig. 54 Common Planting: Combination Options
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Fig. 55 Garden Plan
Companion Planting To make the most use of space and deter pests.
Fig. 56 Common Planting: Tomato, Carrot, Lettuce, Onion Option.
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Fig. 57 Meeting/ Social Spaces within the Productive Fiields.
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Fig. 58 Shaded path in gravel surrounding the Productive Fields.
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Ailanthus altissima Setaria viridis Edra Ambrosia artemisiifolia Lonicera nitida Dactylis glomerata Sorghum halepense Poa pratensis Cistus purpureus Robinia pseudoacacia Crataegus monogyna Winter begonia Lotus corniculatus Clematis Rosa cultv. ‘The Shepherdess’ Vite americana Dianthus deltoides Garrya elliptica Bergenia cordifolia Ipomea Pilosella aurantiaca Daucus carota Yucca filamentosa Pyracantha Coccinea Medicago sativa
Fig. 59 Seasonal change of colors; Color Wheel
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Fig. 60 Seasonal change of colors Spring- Autumn
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Existing Vegetation Source: ReLambro
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50 years
20 years
10 years
3 years
0 years
Fig. 61 The forecast of vegetation growth in a span of 50 years.
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Fig. 62 Collage of a scenario from the Congested Paradise.
Group 5 Ilaria Furbetta Artina Qehaja