Empowering The Visually Impaired
CJ Part 2: Final Evaluation A personal reflection on design decisions and research methods. Craig Priestman
Contents... Development
Presentation
Chapter 1 Introduction 6
Chapter 5 App Design 58
Chapter 2 Service Development 18
Chapter 6 Screen Development 72
Chapter 3 Branding 36
Chapter 7 Final Deliverables 84
Chapter 4 Market Awareness 50
Chapter 8 Validation & Reflection 98
How This Book Works... Title Activity.
Personal thoughts and opinions.
Booklet Icons...
Feedback
Findings
Moving Forward
*Imagery rights belong to myself, unless stated otherwise.
The Issue A ‘Blind Person’ is a broad term that is often stereotyped. People believe that if you are blind you simply have no sight. However, visual impairment can vary dramatically and impact somebodies life in many different ways. Losing your sight at a younger age can have consequences that aren’t quite so obvious. It can be a long process rebuilding your life, with personal and social challenges along the way. The visually impaired can be isolated and feel that they have been taken advantage of as they face daily challenges with simple tasks, often unaware of available support. This project aims to empower the younger visually impaired through innovative design and to provide a better way of living to a wider population.
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The Idea A platform for the visually impaired to share and discuss ideas and solutions to their daily living. This platform is entitled, Perception, and is a charity based service, connecting visually impaired people with one another, and other supporting members. Forming a database of knowledge for everyday living, using simple and intuitive design solutions to help people cope with their sight loss. Perception is an App that creates awareness to available solutions or aids. It allows the visually impaired users access to the social network by utilising the accessibility settings, built in to today’s technological platforms.
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Initial Development The intended user journey defines the core structure of the service, identifying the main focus points; user communication, the sharing of methods and sharing the result. Initial research had shown how an App would be the best platform for the visually impaired to access. With an overall aim for the service to help product innovation for a range of visually impaired aids.
So I have the basic structure, but how do I develop on the incentive and also create awareness for the service? 10
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4. Using the service to develop a user group. Using their insights to develop products.
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Jamie Steane
1. Creating awareness and highlighting need to share and communicate.
Head of Visual Communication & Interactive Media Design. Northumbria University
V I C om mu nit y
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2. Forming a community to share, learn and discuss ideas and solutions with one another.
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3. Educating each other with solutions and opinions about their adaptive methods.
Visu a l ly I mp air ed
“Think of this as more of a mobile website. Understand the content and function, then focus on creating a logistical and intuitive interface. Present the story to this platform, put it into context.�
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? Problem
Discussion
Insight
User Test
Feedback
Solution
Share
The Market Initial research had highlighted certain organisations that offer user support similar to that of Perception. Info Sound, a monthly subscription service, provides over an hour of audio based news for the visually impaired. Including an Exchange service, allowing listeners to call and leave messages to be played at the end of each disc.
Discussing my idea with Rowland narrowed down the context I had to develop to make it a successful application. 12
Rowland Myers Managing Editor
“We treat our ‘Exchange’ service as a notice board for the blind.” “People contact us with brief requests and we combine them into a five minute segment.” “Personally we stay clear of the service and let the listeners dictate what is played.” Major problems: • • • •
Can’t access the archive of messages Content only available on a monthly basis Topics can vary and be vague The CD service means it only attracts interest from a small portion of the visually impaired.
Interim Presenting the design strategy and a plan potential final deliverables to a panel of five tutors.
Drop the product range? Could this be the best approach? I have been meaningful, would add service and 14
struggling to develop low tech products that everyday value to the empower individuals.
Neil “Deal with the core of how this system is implemented. Look into what more this could offer and how to ensure longevity.”
Laura “Forget the product development. Break down the service and determine the key cases of usage that you need to develop ”
Reflection So Far... The interim resolved a lot of talking points. I could now look to what I needed to produce to convey my project and show an understanding of the issues at hand. Turning Point Refraining from developing the product range is a fundamental decision to this project. It means I am now designing a system, with the suggestion that products ‘could’ potential be developed.
Key Points The system only needs to accessible to upload a brief message.
Applications, such as Info Sound, have a limited audience because of their accessibility.
Accessibility to this application?
Detailed service plan
Next Steps...
Foundations Of The App At this stage, time was set aside to define how the App will function as a social network and how users will interact.
The original idea was to have users upload images of their hacks, but as I spoke to potential users they said a simple description would be enough. This inspired me to think more about embracing audio description and utilising it across the platform. Encouraging a fully accessible user experience. 18
Eavesdropping Inspired by popular podcast and news based services, such as AudioBoom, Perception allows users to simply record a message and upload it to the database. This method allows for simple navigation as users can ‘eavesdrop’ across forums. As well as being a natural format of communicating with others.
Personally I felt this was a real step forward for the project. It had been well received and it gave the App a USP for any potential visually impaired user. 20
Lisa
Visually Impaired
“This sounds like a great idea. I can imagine a lot people like myself getting behind the App if this idea worked”
Gary
Visually Impaired
“I often send people voice memos, especially on iMessages. It makes it a lot easier for me ”
Understanding Voice Over With no experience in computer coding, work was carried out with James Thomas, a computer Scientist at Northumbria University, to get a greater understanding of the ‘Voice Over’ accessibility setting. James discussed how to use Android Studio Developer to create a basic App, and how to find out if using Voice Over was achievable.
This process highlighted that I would not be able to create a working prototype for a final deliverable, it would be time consuming and other areas of the project would have to sacrificed. 22
Using Voice Over was achieved. However it was labour intensive to create only 2 buttons, and would require further time to learn the program to create acceptable visuals for the App.
Paper Prototyping Quickly mocking a visual representation of an App using both sketch work and software to link screens, helping understand the initial framework and usage points.
This should of been done more frequently. It proved to be an effective and rapid process of design and innovation. However, as I built a clearer image of the framework I felt the need to develop the visual aspect of the App. 24
RNIB Focus Group Arrangements were made to discuss the project at a quarterly, regional RNIB focus group meeting. Key talking points were; raising awareness for Perception and the various entry points that would have to be available.
This meeting provided a another real step forward. Now the principles of the service were in place and people could interact with a prototype. This would been of more benefit much earlier on in service development process. 26
Paul
Anna
“Any new service or idea like yours, I would usually hear of through TV radio, on a Freeview channel.”
“Some of the better services are the ones which are monthly subscriptions. Simply because you know they will be updated if someone has a problem accessing them.”
More Than Just An App Inspired by Quirky.com, which allows members to submit ideas for voting, with the aim to take popular products through to manufacture, Perception will allow users to vote and discuss RNIB posts about their services and products. This additional data is primary user research which the RNIB has unlimited access too. Perception will benefit from allowing users to discuss social and external issues between the users. Broadening the App to a social media for the blind.
Now that I wasn’t going to develop any products myself, I had to alter the service plan. The system was starting to come together. As my focus groups started to understand the idea they began to contribute more to how the App would be implemented. 28
RNIB Collaboration Contact was made with Robin Spinks, for feedback and to enquire about using their brand image. The RNIB declined the opportunity to work on the project, but were happy to provide feedback. However for internal purposes the RNIB will be used for this projects business validity.
It was disappointing not being able to use the RNIB brand image. However if I had pitched a finalised project they may have thought differently. 30
Robin Spinks
Principal Manager of Digital Accessibility
“This is a concept that the RNIB would be interested in as it follows the beliefs of our organisation. It is certainly a direction we want to go in the near future.” “I can see people wanting to support and develop this idea further, especially within the RNIB.”
Designing For Longevity Apps flood the market place and come and go in a second, so how can Perception encourage a user to come back? Through the business case research and ideation of the system flow, multiple possibilities were formed. Daily Task Notifications Friendly reminders, users will be encouraged to update a method a thought or a query on a daily basis. Virtual Feedback Buzzfeed and Tripadvisor use feedback as a fundamental part of their service. A similar process of positive user response could help Perception expand and allow individuals to develop a popular profile.
The Facebook test page, Share Your Ways, taught me that engaging users through multiple opportunities is the key to a productive and successful forum space. 32
Reflection So Far... Since the interim, my project had really started to develop. Quickly deciding to drop the product range helped kick start the project, allowing me to really understanding the idea and the principles I needed to develop. The main flaw to my project had been identified as the longevity of the App and encouraging people to consistently upload new ideas and methods. But only beta testing the App would allow me to understand this problem fully.
Key Insights The entry points for the App will have to vary to apply to a younger audience
Getting people to return to the App will need to be simple and effective.
Create a brand image and strap line to pull everything together
Next Steps...
Brand Intent Developing an empowering brand, focusing on the 3 fundamentals of the concept; • • •
The visually impaired The sharing of ideas The connecting of a community.
‘Perception, Share the way you see it’ was chosen after much consideration. It related to the foundations of project, explained the concept and instilled a professional sense of tone. 36
Identity Inspiration Creating a brand identity was important, even for the visually impaired. It would have to be clear, represent the key values of the project and be recognisable as App icon.
I wanted to create a minimalist identity that would be simple and effective on more than a tablet screen. 38
Logo Development Through sketch ideation and online research, an brand logo and App icon were created.
Initially I wanted to use negative space to create a brand icon that could be perceived in separate ways. However, this led to a bland and disconnected logo. 40
Going back to my inspiration, I again set out to incorporate the brand values in the logo, this time using Adobe Illustrator to develop quick iterations.
Logo Refinement
Producing a brand and a suitable image, took longer than expected and I should have been quicker with my decision making. However I am pleased with the final outcome, the imagery and the tone Perception portrays. 42
Colour Palette Normal Vision Deuteranopia Protanopia Tritanopia
Alongside the logo development, colourways were experimented with. The selected palette contrasts with one another for any colour blindness, from Monochromacy to Anomalous Trichromacy.
Typography Selecting a font was another important decision. Potential types was shown to user groups and also compared to suggested fonts given by the RNIB. Selected Font Type:
Bariol
This felt like a tedious process but it needed to be right. Bariol is a clean font, which is legible and also has a friendly image which I felt was appropriate for this social network 44
Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception Perception
Logotype
Logotype Variations
Title Bariol Bold Main Body Bariol Regular
Aa
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 .,?!()#@&%
Home Search Topics Upload Share Idea
Visual Communication Questionnaires were carried out with both impaired and enabled collaborators regarding the brand image. Feedback was positive, with many appreciating the time that had gone into creating a uniformed identity, with the majority being able to recognise and understand the logo and slogan when in use on a tablet.
If I was to do this again I would time myself to produce a variety of high standard designs instead of small iterations. Time would of been better spent on making a start on designing the App. 46
The eye, for the visually impaired
Slogan, implying a connected community
Staggered eyes, representing the diversity in peoples approach to solving a problem.
Reflection So Far... Originally I hadn’t intended to spend so long developing the brand identity. However researching into brands I felt the need to portray Perception in a strong light, especially when I was appealing to a demographic that required a high level of consideration. Similar to the majority of this project, I had to challenge myself and quickly develop another skill set to create an appropriate and dynamic brand.
Finalize key features of the service
Prepare for developing the App
Next Steps...
Entry Points Of Perception Forming an understanding of how awareness for Perception could be achieved. • • • •
Social Media General Public (Bus Stops) Radio(TV Radio) Early Stages of Sight-loss
Strong brands are famous for doing one thing well, but this can be hard to achieve if you’re a charity that does many things.
Realising I had to emphasise the core focus of Perception, influenced the final communication of my main deliverables. Further research into other charities advertising would of been appropriate. 50
RNIB 2014 Campaign Analysing previous advertisements for key information in developing a campaign: • Know your audience • Identify the right hook • Create a brand fit for purpose • Plan the campaign channel mix • Have customer journeys already in place.
Relating To The Methods Methods gathered from individuals and focus groups was compiled and arranged to identify what the App would require to meet the needs of people wanting to share their methods. Ideas, hacks, adapted methods were short listed to be shown on the App and be part of the final deliverables to re-enforce how they provide empowerment.
At this stage, I had decided I wanted to physically test and showcase some of the more interesting methods to get a greater overall understanding. 52
Service Refinement Now with a greater understanding of what was involved, a final draft of Perception was created for a visually impaired user, a supporting member and the RNIB’s perspective.
This process of finalising the service plan, helped form the structure which would be used to inspire and dictate the App. For others, it may have been easier to develop the App from the beginning but I now felt I had a solid foundation to work from. 54
Reflection So Far... Upon reflection, more detail should have gone into the entry points. I would of liked to develop campaign visuals to add realism to the concept, but time wasn’t available. With the service and branding now finalised I felt confident to start developing an App that could meet the need of the system and suit the brand.
Key Insights Be critical when designing the logistics to the App categories.
Consider each user journey when developing the App system flow.
Develop the App
Next Steps...
Presenting An App As discovered earlier, a fully functioning App would need to be created for accessibility settings to work. So instead, an online program ‘Invision’ was used, to upload and link individual screens together to be downloaded on an iPad. As no App programs allowed the use of audio effects in their prototypes, intentions were to use Invison in a ‘wizard of Oz style’ film and edit audio into the film afterwards.
I spent many hours researching and experimenting with online App development programs. I was satisfied that Invision would be simple enough to use and still provide a professional finish. 58
App Storyboards Designing the initial screens on paper and designing the overall appearance of the App. This quickly built up a system framework ready to be converted into vector artwork on Adobe Illustrator.
This was an exciting and challenging stage. The pressure was now on to apply my research and brand identity to create a visually pleasing App that functioned for my target audience. 60
Prototype App The first few screens of the App were developed and using Invision, uploaded onto a tablet to get a greater understanding of the form and function of Perception.
At this early stage I took inspiration from the principles of the App. Using the ‘Eavesdropping’ metaphor to determine the look and feel. 62
Using Invision to connect screens and install the prototype on a tablet.
User Testing Henshaws Society for the Blind was visited, taking the prototype to a drop in iPad training session to discuss visuals, the interface usability and accessibility settings.
This was a great experience and I received positive feedback on the App. However, a lot of work was still to be done and I felt I would need at least one more user group meeting in the near future. 64
Paul
Bill
“The App looks good, it certainly helps get across a better idea of how I can connect with someone.”
“You might have to change the icons, and bear in mind the colour contrasts.”
Usage Points After much consideration, three main usage points were given priority for design and innovation; • • •
Navigation Categorisation Communication
The majority of time developing the App went towards fine tuning these key touchpoints. They were the USP’s of Perception and would be what the visually impaired evaluated. 66
The final screens for the key usage points
User Testing An Adapting to Sight-loss class at Newcastle Society for the Blind was visited. With an older demographic, we briefly discussed the App and whether they would want to use Perception as an introduction to technology.
Similar to before, this primary research was valuable to the App development. Having an older demographic view’s on the App also highlighted how it could be used as beginners tool to technology if it was as accessible as I intended it to be. 68
Reflection So Far... This was a time consuming process. Having to balance designing and developing the App with organising meetings and visits was challenging but rewarding. People were happy to discuss my project and constructively critique my work when I clearly presented the App on a one to one basis.
Key Insights Planning a concise and clear presentation of the App is crucial.
Imagery proportions and text size was poor for certain users.
Could this App be used for a wider audience due to its easy accessibility?
Continue App iteration
Next Steps...
Screen Evolution Through out the process, feedback was received from a visually impaired audience. Posting queries about the appearance and usability of Perception.
Valuable to the final outcome, I made the most of any situation where I could show my work. I was nervous before the initial stages but appreciation from people I met, helped develop my confidence. 72
“Could you change this perspective to convey your eavesdropping metaphor any better?” Anthony
Home
Home
Popular Talks.
Today’s Walk
Telling Time Kevin Neate 11:35
“Are you going to have enough relative icons for every conversation topic?” Thomas
Today’s Walk
Today’s Walk
Home
Home
Talking
Telling Time Kevin Neate
Telling Time
11:35
Kevin Neate 11:35
Altogether, sixteen main versions of the App were created, with roughly forty sub iterations.
Telling Time Kevin Neate 11:35
“Could you not just use text? All these floating icons get mixed together to easily” Adrian
Today’s Walk
Today’s Walk
Home
Home
“I get confused with these dark bars at the top and bottom” Lisa
Today’’s Walk
Home Baking
Alarm Clock
Telling Time Talking Watch
Home Baking
Telling Time
Telling Time
Profile
Add
Search
In the end I was relatively pleased with the appearance, but would of preferred another week for re-development. 74
n the itchen
Add
reeing ood
What is in the tin
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“This circle would have to be bigger, its too easy to miss on that background” Gary
In the Kitchen
“This style is much clearer for me. Especially now that I only need to use one side for the controls” Adrian
Magnets on a knife
Magnets on a knife
Storing food in the fridge
Telling what is in a tin Broken Broken Water Level Water Level Indicator Indicator ro Frozen Food
Home
Return
Search
Home
In the Kitchen
In the Kitchen
In the Kitchen
Storing food in the fridge
Tactile Chopping Board
Telling what is in a tin
Checking out of date food
Checking out of date food
Telling what is in a tin
Tactile Chopping Board
Return
Search
Home
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Index Board
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Finding A Balance Form v Function. Aiming to incorporate a simple flat user interface for a clean and legible appearance, whilst making it highly accessible and use friendly.
After examining other partially sighted Apps, I really wanted to challenge the poor interface styles associated with them. I believe this platform provides an opportunity to bring together people and not single out the visually impaired like so many other products do. It proved to be difficult and stressful as again, I pondered over decisions for too long. 76
Including a sense of perspective with the text wasn’t clearly understood by the visually impaired, but I however, felt it was necessary to relate to my initial inspiration and improve the final presentation for users who would be able to see the graphics.
Final Interface Welcome to Perception
Home
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Latest News
In the Kitchen
In the Kitchen
In
Index Board
Š All rights reserved
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In the Kitchen
Favourites
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Home
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Out of date food
7:35
7:35
Lizzie Thomas, Newcastle
Lizzie Thomas, Newcastle
Lizzie Thomas, Newcastle
Safely
what is inside a tin
a knife
7:42
Rate It
Manchester
Return
78
Home
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In the Kitchen 7:35
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Favourite
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Successfully saved to your favourites
Rate It
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Market Comparison One of the final stages in the design process was to compare Perception with other visually impaired Apps. Questioning if it would fit in the market place and had met personal targets set in the brief.
This was more for reassurance, I wanted to make sure my App could be universally accepted and would challenge what was already available. 80
Reflection So Far... Looking back, it would have been great to have asked more of a younger demographic, but with time scales and available sources, I feel I did as well as I could, going out to meet the visually impaired. It taught me to prepare well for any sort of encounter as many people often went off at a tangent to my project, reducing the valuable time I had with them. Regardless, I still received primary validation throughout the project which I am grateful for.
Plan for final deliverables
Animate App screens
Next Steps...
Film Storyboards Drafting a story line and narrative that explain the need for Perception and how it can empower visually impaired people on a daily basis.
A lot of thought went into planning the story, the style of the film, camera angles, etc. Time consuming as it was, it was beneficial as filming was limited. 84
Anthony “Make it feel real. The best projects are the ones that make you believe in them. Show me how your idea solves an issue.�
Animating Key Touch Points To give Perception a professional appearance, Adobe After Effects was used to animate certain App screens to showcase how data, audio and transitions would be displayed.
Upon reflection I would of used different animation software and decided exactly how each animation would blend to the next before I started animating. I didn’t leave myself much time to animate before filming the final user story. 86
Showcasing how audio was visualised was the main reason behind animating the design work.
Film 1. User Scenario A simple story that highlights the benefits of Perception and how users interact with the App. With an added voice over that brings attention to the designed usage points.
Ideally I would of shown multiple entry points to the App, but after discussing with Laura Warwick she felt a single narrative would best showcase this concept. After consideration I agreed and looking back I am pleased with the decision. Apart from a few minor errors, I was also pleased with the final outcome of the film. 88
Film 2. My Development Story A short combination of key touch points throughout the project. Defining the design approach and finishing in an App run through that highlights future potential.
I felt it was necessary to efficiently get across my side of the project. This could have been executed to a higher standard and if I had placed as much time into this as the other film, it probably would of conveyed a much stronger message. 90
Frequently Asked Questions Similarly to the Development film, a guide to the project in the form of commonly asked questions about design features. Aiming to justify key design decisions that may not be so clear on the surface.
Originally intended to be a selection of flash cards, but as the project developed a book formed as I felt the need to emphasis how incremental decisions had a major impact. 92
Project Experience Presenting deliverables that encapsulate the service; from the unique methods shared by the visually impaired collaborators that form the foundations of Perception to visually showing the App.
I thought highlighting some of the methods from focus groups would add to the overall understanding of the project and communicate how simple ideas can be so empowering. 94
User Methods
Prototype App
Short Films
FAQ Booklet
Service Explanation
Reflection So Far... The last two weeks of the project were hectic and stressful, my time management suffered as a consequence. However, I believe I conveyed the app as just one component of an influential service, and presented an engaging and meaningful project that focused on my human-centred design approach.
Future Potential How could this system work in the future and what potenial has it got?
I strongly believe this App could be brought to market and make a difference. It would take time to create a database of knowledge, but as members joined, the service could expand and develop into daily tool of empowerment. 98
Other Service Opportunities
Could this do more for someone on a daily basis?
‘Online Today’ is a National Lottery funded project spearheaded by the RNIB, aiming to educate and train over 125’000 people with basic computer skills to help with their daily living.
Engaging with individuals and discovering their interests, can help empower their daily lives in more ways than just sharing knowledge.
Perception can be incorporated into education programmes, with its friendly interface and unique navigational system. It can be used as a tool to encourage outsider users and convince them to get online.
This platform can be a tool for people to utilize. Whether that be a direct messenger service, an audio diary of their thoughts or a reminder service of important daily events. Perception has the potential to expand.
Validation Throughout the project I had discussed my work with the visually impaired. Work was also shown to a selection of other collaborators, such as charity workers and support providers and asked for their opinion on the concept and the approach to the project.
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Robin Spinks Principal Manager, Digital Accessibility, Royal National Institute for the Blind “This is something the RNIB would certainly consider taking forward. It follows our ethos and would contribute a difference to peoples everyday life. It provides an access point, a portal for people who will struggle to find such valuable information.�
Validation
Elaine Moron
Home Visit Volunteer Newcastle Society for Blind People
Empowerment Officer, Newcastle Society for Blind People
You have certainly came along way from the beginning when you weren’t really sure of what area you wanted to tackle or what demographic.
“The idea is so beautifully simple, it will help people see how a tablet can benefit them. A major barrier that many people need to overcome to be on board with new technology.
It is great to see how you have developed along with your project and got involved with the blind community. Your work shows how much time and effort you have put into the project to get the best results.
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Bill Norman
You could quite easily marry this idea with our sessions and other sight awareness courses across the country.”
Validation
Eamonn Dunne
Community Service Development Officer, Henshaws Society for the blind
Visually Impaired. Young Person’s Campaigner, Envision
“It looks great, and you have done a lot of work in-depth research. It really has come along away from our first conversation back in October. The logo and brand are great, I can certainly see a lot of thought has gone into this project.
“This sounds like an excellent idea. It is a concept that VI people will definitely benefit from; I think having a broad range of areas to share will be really beneficial to us. I would be happy to share and I would be interested in finding other solutions too.”
It makes sense to for the RNIB to be involved as they are the most well known in the population. I also think that your App brings the visually impaired to a level playing field, and doesn’t single them out in society.”
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Kimberley Burrows
Personal Statement The end result of the project was ultimately vastly different from anything that I envisaged. I did not intend to design a service based system, but the nature of the subject area dictated that this was the most appropriate way to answer the brief. Choosing not to do technology enablers benefited the project as a whole, however I should have pushed the idea further. They might only have been minimal additions but I would have developed skill sets and further highlighted my abilities. With the aim of making the concept believable and emphasising the work I undertook, I spread myself too thinly regarding the final deliverables. Each component does build a realistic image of the solution, but the final message could have been stronger. 106
Closing Statement Aiming to empower the visually impaired resulted in a heavy research project, based on human centred design. With a holistic approach from the beginning, I wanted to contact, understand and share other peoples thoughts and theories, to get under the skin of impairments to discover the problem areas. To me this is what design is about. Listening to society to understand their needs, to then utilize my skills to make changes for the better. This service based project has taught me how to overcome obstacles from a new perspective, and apply a different theory when evaluating my work. I may have been indecisive at times, but as I graduate from Northumbria I will leave with the confidence to undertake diverse projects that require a high level of research and creativity. Perception may have taken time to emerge, but from the beginning I have defined my own path and created, through my own innovation, a final product that is unrivalled. This is what I am most proud of.
Thank You... I would like to take this opportunity to thank the people who have helped research and form this project. Organisations Hartlepool Blind Welfare Association Henshaws Society Newcastle Society For The Blind Royal National Institute for the Blind Special Thanks too... Barbara McLeod Bill Norman Craig Riach Elaine Moron Eamonn Dunne Dennis Parkinson Kimberley Burrows Lucy Dixon Rachel Miller Robin Spinks 108
Lecturers: Anthony Forsyth David Parkinson Howard Fenwick Neil Smith James Thomas Laura Warwick