Les invasions marines a Catalunya: impactes actuals i futurs. d
e
Emma Cebrian PhD
Biodiversitat i Recursos Marins
Institut d’Ecologia Aquà tica
It probably hosts the greatest pressure of introduction vectors: Suez Canal, intense maritime traffic and aquaculture.
Otero et al. 2013. IUCN
High anthropogenic pressures and high variability of environmental conditions together with the pressures stated above makes the Mediterranean a region particularly prone to marine bioinvasions.
Invasive Species
Mnemiopsis leidyi
Siganus sp.
Mediterrani Nord-Occidental
Caulerpa cylindracea
Lophocladia lallemandii
Womersleyella setacea
Ballesteros et al. 2007 Bot. Mar. De Caralt & Cebrian 2013 Biol. Inv.
Cebrian & Ballesteros, 2009 ECSS; 2010 Aquatic Bot. Cebrian & Rodriguez-Prieto 2012 PLoS ONE Cebrian et al. 2012 Biol. Inv. Tomas et al. 2011 ECSS
• Abundància d’invasores • Distribució geogràfica • Efecte (espècies, poblacions o hàbitat).
Això és l’estat actual, el PRESENT, però… I què esperem del FUTUR?
Climate change
Invasive species
Is climate Synergetic change effects of CC facilitating NIS and NIS on introduction, native spread and populations colonization?
Cebrian et al. 2013 Biological Invasions
Cebrian et al. in prep
Facilitate the arrival of NIS
 
about 700 multicellular NIS in the Mediterranean Sea
 
20 hyper-invasive species were recorded in 10 or more countries. Galil, Occhipinti-Ambrogi & Marchini_CIESM_2013
Galil 2015
The speed of alien species introduction, spreading and response to global warming is apparently much faster than Facilitate the temperature increase itself arrival of NIS Is not clear, and at least in the Med Sea, are the introduction vectors the main factors determining alien introductions Raitsos et al. 2010. Limnol. Oceanogr.
NSR
Facilitate the colonization and spread of NIS
Latitude Hillebrand 2004. American Naturalist
Lower probability
Higher probability
Stachovicz et al. PNAS
Rilov & Galil 2009, Golani 2010
77 introduced species 30 are tropical 9 invasive species 40% are tropical
Facilitate the colonization and spread of NIS
?
Other factors determining alien invasibility, which?
Boudouresque & Verlaque 2002 Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 32-
Habitat invasibility
Habitat invasibility
Are habitats already subjected to the effects of CC more susceptible to NIS?
More diverse habitats are more resistant to biological invasions
Native Species richness
Stachowicz et al. 2002. Science Stachowicz et al. 2002. Ecology Stachowicz & Tilman 2005 Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006. MEPS
Anthropogenic structures promotes the infiltration of invasive ascidians
Artificial structures are known to be focal points for marine invasions
Sessile NIS occur in low abundances in natural habitats
Simkanin et al. 2012: Marine Ecology
What happens in natural and mature systems? d
e
Cystoseira forest
Coralligenous
Cabrera National Park Womersleyella setacea Lophocladia lallemandii Caulerpa racemosa Acrothamnion preisii Asparagopsis taxiformis Oculina patagonia
MPAs had either no effect or enhanced the invasion of non-indigenous species, irrespective of MPA establishments prior or after the arrival of non-indigenous species. MPA may lead to an increase in risk of invasion by a significant attraction to the area for marine tourism or other activities.
Bunfeind et al. 2013. Biological Invasions
MPA
No MPA Predation
Competition
Recent MPA Well-preserved habitats are not necessarily more resistant to Invasions.
We need long term studies to assess whether natural and well preserved systems can resist invasions or not. Caselle et al. 2017 Ecology Letters
Mnemiopsis leyidi
Siganus spp.
Caulerpa cylindracea
Fistularia commersonii
Això és l’estat actual, el PRESENT, però… I què esperem del FUTUR?
Invasive Species traits
Habitat invasiveness
Environment
We need long term and multi-level studies to assess the future impact of invasions not.
Gràcies per la vostra atenció
Biodiversitat i Recursos Marins
Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica
www.medrecover.org emma. cebrian@udg.edu