As we discover more about the brilliant scale and nature of the Universe, planet Earth’s blue oceans, green forests and glistening city lights appear even more unique, and even more fragile. Only in the past decades have we had the opportunity to understand the potential perils of our position in our Solar System, and as technologies continue to advance we are entering a period in which we can actually act.
Space Safety
ESA’s Space Safety Programme aims at mitigating and preventing the effects of hazards from space, protecting our Pale Blue Dot, its inhabitants, and the vital infrastructure like satellites in orbit and power grids on the ground on which we have become so dependent Living so close to an active star, in a Solar System filled with ancient and fast-moving space rocks, on a planet that is becoming increasingly surrounded by discarded satellites and their debris, comes with a plethora of possibilities for something to go wrong. On Earth, we also continue to face challenges from a changing world, be it climate, population changes, and technological development.
Space weather
By 2030, Europe should be able to protect vital infrastructure in space and on the ground from extreme space weather events, ensuring societies are resilient to threats from our Sun. ESA will develop a European space weather monitoring system, which will include Small satellites in orbit around Earth with space weather monitoring payloads and Robust networks of space weather sensors on ground.
Risky asteroids
By 2030, Europe will be a fundamental contributor of a global planetary defence system, capable of providing early warning of dangerous asteroids larger than 40 m in size, about three weeks in advance, and able to deflect asteroids smaller than 1 km if known more than two years in advance. ESA’s planned Hera mission will be humankind’s first probe to rendezvous with a binary asteroid system – a little understood class making up around 15% of all known asteroids
Clean space
Through its Clean Space initiative, ESA is pioneering an eco-friendly approach to space activities. On the ground, that means adopting greener industrial materials, processes and technologies In space, it means preserving Earth’s orbital environment as a safe zone, free of debris. Active Debris Removal/InOrbit Servicing: ESA will develop a new ‘Swiss Army knife’ of a mission – an ‘In Orbit Servicing Vehicle’ (IOSV) that will perform a variety of roles in orbit, vitally including the ability to safely de-orbit satellites at the end of their lives. The new vehicle will also be able to refuel satellites, manoeuvre them and ultimately demonstrate the technologies needed to extend the lifespan of missions from space.
E S A
P L A N S F O R T H E F U T U R E
1 R e a d t h e a r t i c l e a n d b r i e f l y a n s w e r t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s :
I n t h e p h r a s e , E S A ’ s S p a c e S a f e t y p r o g r a m m e a i m s a t m i t i g a t i n g a n d p r e v e n t i n g t h e
e f f e c t s o f h a z a r d s f r o m s p a c e , p o r t e c t i n g o u r P a l e B l u e D o t , i t s i n h a b i t a n t s , a n d t h e v i t a l
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , t h e w o r d i t s r e f e r s t o . . .
W h a t i s t h e g o a l o f E S A ' s S p a c e S a f e t y P r o g r a m m e ?
W h a t i s t h e H e r a m i s s i o n ?
W h a t a r e s o m e o f t h e c h a l l e n g e s f a c e d b y E a r t h a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t ?
I n t h e p h r a s e t h e a b i l i t y t o s a f e l y d e - o r b i t s a t e l l i t e s a t t h e e n d o f t h e i r l i v e s , t h e w o r d
t h e i r r e f e r s t o . . .
2 A r e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s t r u e o r f a l s e ? I n d i c a t e t h e l i n e s t h a t s u p p o r t y o u r a n s w e r
H u m a n s h a v e o n l y r e c e n t l y r e a l i z e d t h e p o t e n t i a l p e r i l s o f o u r p o s i t i o n i n o u r S o l a r S y s t e m .
E S A w i l l d e v e l o p a E u r o p e a n s p a c e w e a t h e r m o n i t o r i n g s y s t e m b y 2 0 2 5 .
E S A ' s H e r a m i s s i o n w i l l b e h u m a n k i n d ' s f i r s t p r o b e t o r e n d e z v o u s w i t h a b i n a r y a s t e r o i d s y s t e m
E S A ' s p l a n e t a r y d e f e n c e s y s t e m w i l l b e a b l e t o d e f l e c t a s t e r o i d s l a r g e r t h a n 1 k m .
T h e E u r o p e a n s p a c e w e a t h e r m o n i t o r i n g s y s t e m w i l l i n c l u d e o n l y s p a c e w e a t h e r s e n s o r s o n t h e
g r o u n d .
3 . F i n d a s y n o m y m i n t h e t e x t f o r t h e s e w o r d s
o u t s t a n d i n g
S h i n e
R u b b i s h
4 . G i v e a s y n o n y m f o r t h e s e w o r d s f r o m t h e t e x t .
D a n g e r o u s
P e r f o r m
1 . I f y o u w a n t t o l e a r n m o r e , s c a n t h e c o d e a n d r e a d t h e
o r i g i n a l t e x t .
2 D i d y o u f i n i s h ? a s k f o r t h e r e a d i n g s u r p r i s e a c t i v i t i e s
E U R O P
E S A P R E V I E W 2 0 2 3
.
1 . A r e t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s t r u e o r f a l s e ?
T h e s p a c e p r o g r a m s o n l y b e n e f i t t h e c i t i z e n s o f E u r o p e
E S A h a s d e v e l o p e d f o u r w e a t h e r s a t e l l i t e s i n c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h M E T E O S A T a n d E U M E T S A T
T h e m t g - i - 1 s a t e l l i t e w i l l a l l o w f o r e a r l i e r d e t e c t i o n o f s t o r m s a n d e x t r e m e w e a t h e r e v e n t s
C o p e r n i c u s S e n t i n e l 1 D s a t e l l i t e w i l l r e p l a c e t h e s e n t i n e l 1 B a n d w i l l p r o v i d e d a y a n d n i g h t
r a d a r i m a g e r y o f t h e E a r t h ’ s s u r f a c e .
T h e C o p e r n i c u s p r o g r a m i s t h e l e a s t e x p e n s i v e E a r t h o b s e r v a t i o n p r o g r a m i n t h e w o r l d .
E S A w i l l l a u n c h t w o n e w A s t r o n o m y m i s s i o n s i n 2 0 2 3
T h e I n n o v a t i v e E u c l i d s p a c e c r a f t i s d e s i g n e d t o h e l p u s u n d e r s t a n d d a r k m a t t e r a n d d a r k
e n e r g y , w h i c h a r e w e l l - u n d e r s t o o d f o r c e s g o v e r n i n g t h e u n i v e r s e .
2 L i s t e n a g a i n a n d f i l l t h e g a p s
T h e E u r o p e a n s p a c e a g e n c y s t r i v e s t o s u p p o r t a n d r e a l i z e E u r o p e ' s a m b i t i o n s
i n s p a c e
T h e C o p e r n i c u s S e n t i n e l 1 C s a t e l l i t e w i l l r e p l a c e t h e S e n t i n e l 1 B a n d p r o v i d e d a y a n d
n i g h t r a d a r i m a g e r y o f t h e
T h e f i r s t o f t h e M E T E O S A T t h i r d - g e n e r a t i o n w e a t h e r s a t e l l i t e s w a s l a u n c h e d a t
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a n d w i l l s o o n d e l i v e r i t s f i r s t i m a g e s
Challenge!
T h e E S A i s w o r k i n g o n o t h e r p r o j e c t s r e l a t e d t o J u p i t e r , t h e E u r o p e a n
a s t r o n a u t p r o g r a m , a n d N A S A .
S c a n t h e Q R a n d w a t c h t h e f u l l v i d e o t o f i n d o u t .
D o y o u w a n t t o l e a r n m o r e a b o u t E u r o p e a n s a t e l l i t e s ?
S c a n t h e s e c o n d Q R a n d d o w n l o a d t h e a p p .
European Space Agency selects two Spanish astronauts
The Minister for Science and Innovation, Diana Morant, attended the presentation in Paris of the new class of astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA), made up of 17 professionals, including two Spaniards, the engineer Pablo Álvarez Fernández and the researcher Sara García Alonso. Pablo Álvarez will be part of the ESA's regular astronaut corps. He holds a degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of León and a master's degree in aerospace engineering from the Warsaw University of Technology.
Sara García studied a bachelor's and master's degree in Biotechnology at the University of León. She subsequently completed her doctoral thesis at the Salamanca Cancer Research Centre and is currently working as a postdoctoral researcher at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), the largest cancer research organisation in Spain, which is part of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The selection process for the new class of astronauts began last year. A total of 22,523 applications were submitted from all over Europe, of which over 1,300 were from Spain.
After being selected, the astronauts will begin a demanding training programme that will enable them to participate in space missions for decades to come. The new astronauts are expected to participate in the activities of the International Space Station (ISS) and other major missions of international importance.
Useful expressions
Starting: Dear ... / Hi! / Hello
Refer to a previous letter/email: Thanks for your ... / Great to hear from you again. Thanks for sending me
Introducing news: Did I tell you that ... ?/ I can’t wail!/ Guess what?
Linkers: Anyway / But/Apparently / Maybe / By the way/ Unfortunately/ Clearly / Naturally / In fact / To be honest / Before I forget / Incidentally / /All the same / Even so / However
Enclose (with a letter) / Attach (with an email): I’ve attached/enclosed a ...
Inviting: Will you be able to come? Can you come? I want to invite you to ...
Asking for a reply Let me know if you can come: Tell me if you ’ re coming or not.
Making arrangements: I’m available/free on .. When are you available/free? Let’s go together. If you ’ re interested in . • Let me know which ... suit(s) you.
Asking for favours: Could you call them/let me know/find out ...? Could you do me a favour and ...? I don’t suppose you could ... for me?
Asking for additional information: Do we need to have a membership card to....? Have you enrolled in ...? I was wondering if/whether... You don’t happen to know when/where/if ... do you?
Ending: I need to go now ... Bye for now / Best wishes / Write soon
D U N E : T H
N O V E L , B O O K 1
The definitive graphic novel adaptation of Dune, the groundbreaking science-fiction classic by Frank Herbert
Dune, Frank Herbert’s epic science-fiction masterpiece set in the far future amidst a sprawling feudal interstellar society, tells the story of Paul Atreides as he and his family accept control of the desert planet Arrakis. A stunning blend of adventure and mysticism, environmentalism, and politics, Dune is a powerful, fantastical tale that takes an unprecedented look into our universe and is transformed by the graphic novel format. Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson’s adaptation retains the integrity of the original novel, and Raúl Allén and Patricia Martín’s magnificent illustrations, along with cover art by Bill Sienkiewicz, bring the book to life for a new generation of readers.
DUNE The Graphic Novel AUDIO COMIC
1. Complete the short conversation. Use present continuous, will or be going to of the verbs in brackets
A: Have you heard about the latest space mission?
B: No, what's happening?
A: Well, NASA _________ (launch) a new rocket next month They___________ (explore)the far reaches of our solar system.
B: Wow, that's amazing! Who (be)on the mission?
A: A team of highly trained astronauts. They (get) for the journey right now. They're training every day to prepare for the mission.
B: It sounds like a big deal. What they (do) when they get there?
A: They (conduct) a series of experiments to learn more about the planets and their moons. They also (collect) samples and take measurements.
B: That's so cool! When will they be back?
A: They (plan) to stay in space for six months, so they (be) back next year.
B: I'm excited to hear about their discoveries. The future of space exploration looks really promising.
2. Choose the best phrase to complete the text.
ESA will continue/is going to continue to push the boundaries of space exploration in the future. By 2030, they will have developed/ will be developing new technologies that will enable/is enabling humans to establish a permanent presence on Mars. The agency will also be conducting/is also conducting ongoing research on climate change, and by 2050, they will have made/are going to make significant strides in understanding and mitigating its effects. In addition, ESA will be launching/is launching more ambitious missions to study the outer planets and their moons By 2040, they will have sent/will send a robotic probe to Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, to search for signs of life. Furthermore, ESA is going to collaborate/collaborates with private space companies to expand the commercial space industry. By 2035, they will have established/are going to establish a lunar base for both scientific research and commercial purposes.
3. Rewrite the sentence using the word given in brackets.
I plan to drive to the ESA antenna at this time tomorrow (diving)
At this time tomorrow,
NASA say that people could have houses on Mars one day (live)
NASA has predicted that
I have bought tickets to go to the ESA visitor centre tomorrow with Jack. (are)
Jack and I
It's 10 am. The astronaut has four hours to prepare for the landing (have)
By 2 pm, the astronaut
Challenge!
Look at the photos and make predictions about fashion, travels, medicine and the way of life.
Do you need more practice?
Scan the code and play the galaxy quiz
1. In ten years ’ time, the world (become) ...
2. In twenty years ’ time, scientists (discover)…
3. By 2040, someone (invent)...
4. By 2080, houses (be)...
5 By 2030, astronauts (go) …
T
I
R e a d i n g
L i s t e n i n g
L e t t e r
P h o n e C a l l
G r a m m a r
V o c a b u l a r y
Instructions:
Evaluate your work on each part of the unit
Colour the section of the chart to show your evaluation
Answer the following questions:
What I remember the most _____________________________________
One thing I need to improve______________________________________
To improve I can
One thing I’d like to learn about the topic
T O I N F I N I T Y A N D B E Y O N D
Fluency 2 1
Grammar2 1
Speech is effortless and smooth with speech that comes close to that of a native speaker
Interaction 3 1
Student was able to express their ideas and responses with ease in proper sentences structures and tenses
Speech is mostly smooth but with some hesitation and unevenness caused primarily by rephrasing and grouping words.
Student was able to express their ideas and responses fairly well but makes mistakes with their tenses, however, is able to correct themselves
Speech is slow and often hesitant and irregular.
Sentences may be left uncompleted, but the student is able to continue.
Student was able to express their ideas and responses adequately but often displayed inconsistencies with their sentence structure and tenses.
Speech is very slow, Stumbling, nervous, and uncertain with response, except for short or memorized expressions Difficult for a listener to understand
Initiative3.1.
Involved in the conversation, following peer discussion and responding appropriately.
Contributed appropriately throughout the conversation without monopolising
Appeared to follow the conversation for the most part
Made several attempts to contribute
Limited evidence that the conversation was being followed.
Limited attempts made to contribute to the conversation
Student was difficult to understand and had a hard time communicating their ideas and responses because of grammar mistakes
Courtesy 3 1
Says hello in a pleasant tone of voice, using the person name and title (ex Mr./Mrs.)Asks the person if he/she has any questions of the student, thanks the person for his or her time, and says goodbye
Says hello using the person name and title (ex Mr /Mrs )
Says hello but either doesn’t use person ’ s title or doesn’t use a pleasant tone of voice Thanks the person for his or her time, and says goodbye
No evidence of following the content of the conversation
No attempt made to contribute
Begins talking without a greeting or gives an inappropriate greeting Do not say goodbye
Opinions and arguments 3.1.
Very capable of expressing their opinion and substantiating.
Presented their opinion but failed to substantiate..
Some attempt made to express an opinion
No attempt to express and opinion.
Grammar & spelling2 2
Very good (4) Good (3)
Writer makes no errors in grammar or spelling.
Structure2.2.
Sentences and paragraphs arecomplete, wellconstructed and of varied structure and connectors
Writer makes 12 errors in grammar and/or spelling.
All sentences are complete and wellconstructed (no fragments, no run-ons). Paragraphing is generally done well Connectors are fine.
Vocabulary2.4. Uses new related words and ideas easily; colourful, interesting word Uses new related words and ideas correctly; varies language
Format 2.2.
Mediation 3 1
Complies with all the requirements for a friendly letter
The information in the body of the letter responds specifically to the brief given Each response is followed by examples/detai ls from the story
Satisfactory (2) Unsatisfactory (1) Not done (0)
Writer makes 34 errors in grammar and/or spelling
Complies with almost all the requirements for a friendly letter
The information in the body of the letter responds to the brief specifically but does not give examples/detai ls from the story
Most sentences are complete and wellconstructed. Paragraphing needs some work. Few connectors
Writer makes more than 4 errors in grammar and/ or spelling.
Many sentence fragments or run-on sentences OR paragraphing needs lots of work. No connectors or badly used
Attempts to use new vocabulary
Limited, basic vocabulary
Complies with several of the requirements for a friendly letter
The information in the body of the letter does not clearly respond to the brief given and does not give examples/detail s from the story
Complies with less than 75% of the requirements for a friendly letter.
The information in the body of the letter is not relevant to the assignment/bri ef. The directions were not followed
