ESV Concise Bible Atlas

ESV [CONCISE ] BIBLE ATLAS David P. Barrett Sidon Mount Hermon Tyre

EE

Dan

LIL

Hazor B A S H

Megiddo Beth-shean

ISRA EL

Samaria

J o rd a n R i v e r GILEAD

GA

Sea of Galilee Ramot

Shechem Central Ridge Route Jericho Jerusalem Hebron Engedi

Ra

Heshbo

Dead S ea

JUDA H

AM

M OA B

Kir-hareset

Bozrah

EDO M

To Elath

Petra

AR DE

2

ESV CONCISE BIBLE ATLAS

ESV Concise Bible Atlas Copyright © 2012 by Crossway Published by Crossway a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers 1300 Crescent Street Wheaton, Illinois 60187 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law.

The ESV Concise Bible Atlas is based on the Crossway ESV Bible Atlas, published by Crossway in 2010.

Maps by David P. Barrett (www.biblemapper.com) Illustrations on pages 15, 22, 23, 24–25, 32–33, 37, 39, 40, 46–47, 48–49, 58 produced by Maltings Partnership (Derby, England) under the direction of Leen Ritmeyer.

Photographs, used by permission: Todd Bolen/BiblePlaces.com: 0-1, 0-3, 1-1, 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-3, 4-4, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 8-1, 8-3, 8-5; John D. Currid: 0-2, 8-6; Michael Luddeni: 6-1; Michael Luddeni/Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem: 4-2; iStockphoto: 8-2, 8-4.

Terrain imagery generated from digital elevation data provided by CIAT (A. Jarvis, H. I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara, 2006, Holefilled seamless SRTM data V3, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture [CIAT], available from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org).

Cover design: Simplicated Studio Interior design: Kevin Lipp First printing 2012 Printed in *** ISBN-13: 978-1-4335-1374-9 ISBN-10: 1-4335-1374-9 ***INSERT CIP, LOC INFO ***INSERT PRINTER, PRINTINGS, AND DATES TABLE

3

CONTENTS List of Maps, Illustrations, and Photos Introduction: The Biblical World 1: Before Abraham 2: The World of the Patriachs 3: The Exodus, Wilderness Journeys, and Conquest of Canaan 4: The United Monarchy 5: The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah 6: Captivity and Return 7: Between the Testaments 8: The Biblical World in the Time of Christ The Geography of Palestine Index of Place-names on Maps

4 5 9 11 13 19 27 37 41 45 60 62

4

ESV CONCISE BIBLE ATLAS

Maps 0-1. Major Regions of the Ancient Near East 0-2. Modern Political States of the Near East 0-3. Main Routes of the Ancient Near East 0-4. Main Routes of Ancient Palestine 0-5. Natural Geographic Regions of Palestine 1-1. The Garden of Eden 1-2. Table of Nations 1-3. The Near East during the Early Bronze Age 1-4. Canaan during the Early Bronze Age 2-1. Abram Travels to Canaan 2-2. The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah 2-3. Journeys to Paddan-aram 2-4. Jacob Returns to Canaan 2-5. Joseph and His Brothers 2-6. Egypt at the Time of Joseph 3-1. The Exodus from Egypt 3-2. The Journey of the Spies 3-3. The Journey to the Promised Land 3-4. Israel Enters the Promised Land 3-5. The Conquest of Canaan: The Southern Campaign 3-6. The Conquest of Canaan: The Northern Campaign 3-7. The Allotment of the Land 3-8. Israel at the Time of the Judges 3-9. The Judges of Israel 3-10. The Ark’s Travels 4-1. Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon 4-2. The Battle at Elah 4-3. David Flees from Saul 4-4. David Recovers Plunder from the Amalekites 4-5. The Battle at Mount Gilboa 4-6. David’s Struggle for Power 4-7. Solomon’s Administrative Districts 4-8. Solomon’s International Ventures 5-1. The Kingdom Divides 5-2. War between Israel and Judah 5-3. Elijah and Elisha 5-4. Ahab’s Wars with Syria 5-5. Moab Revolts 5-6. Jehu Executes Judgment 5-7. Syria Captures Gilead 5-8. Resurgence during the Time of Azariah and Jeroboam II 5-9. The Rise of the Assyrian Empire 5-10. Prophets of Israel and Judah 5-11. Syria and Israel Attack Judah 5-12. Assyria Captures Northern Israel 5-13. The Fall of Samaria and Deportation of Israelites 5-14. Judah after the Fall of Israel 5-15. Hezekiah Fortifies Jerusalem 5-16. Assyria Attacks Judah 5-17. The Decline of the Assyrian Empire 5-18. Josiah’s Reforms and His Battle with Neco 5-19. Nebuchadnezzar Attacks Judah 5-20. Exile to Babylon 5-21. The Fall of Jerusalem 6-1. Israel and Judah after the Exile to Babylon 37 6-2. Gedaliah Is Assassinated 6-3. Jeremiah Prophesies against Egypt 6-4. Ezekiel’s Vision of Israel’s New Boundaries 6-5. The Persian Empire 6-6. Judea under Persian Rule 6-7. Jerusalem at the Time of Zerubbabel 7-1. The Empires of Alexander and His Successors 7-2. The Empires of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids (Early)

5 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 21 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 39 39 41 41

7-3. The Empires of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids (Late) 7-4. The Beginnings of the Maccabean Revolt 7-5. Israel under the Early Maccabees 7-6. Jerusalem at the Time of the Maccabees 7-7. Israel under the Later Maccabees 8-1. The Rise of the Roman Empire 8-2. The Kingdom of Herod the Great 8-3. Jesus’ Birth and Flight to Egypt 8-4. Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee 8-5. Jesus’ Ministry beyond Israel 8-6. Jesus’ Final Journey to Jerusalem 8-7. The Last Supper 8-8. Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion 8-9. Jesus’ Appearances after His Resurrection 8-10. Nations at Pentecost 8-11. Peter’s Early Ministry 8-12. The Ministry of Philip the Evangelist 8-13. Paul’s Conversion and Early Travels 8-14. Paul’s First Missionary Journey 8-15. Paul’s Second Missionary Journey 8-16. Paul’s Third Missionary Journey 8-17. Paul’s Arrest and Imprisonment 8-18. The Kingdom of Herod Agrippa II 8-19. Paul’s Voyage to Rome 8-20. The Roman Empire and the Spread of Christianity

42 42 43 43 44 45 45 50 50 50 51 51 51 52 52 52 53 53 53 54 56 57 57 57 59

3d Map Cilician Gates

54

Illustrations The Tabernacle Tent Jerusalem in the Time of David Jerusalem in the Time of Solomon Solomon’s Temple Jerusalem in the Time of Hezekiah The City of Babylon Zerubbabel’s Temple Jerusalem in the Time of Nehemiah Jerusalem in the Time of Christ The Temple Mount in the Time of Christ Synagogue at Gamla

15 22 23 24 32 37 39 40 46 48 58

photographs 0-1 Jordan River Valley 0-2 Wadi 0-3 Galilee 1-1 Stone Tower at Jericho 3-1 Mount Sinai 3-2 Palestinian idol 4-1 Valley of Elah 4-2 Tel Dan Inscription 4-3 Stepped-stone structure 4-4 Temple remains at Arad 5-1 Four-horned altar 5-2 High place at Tel Dan 5-3 Hezekiah’s wall 6-1 Nehemiah’s wall 8-1 Via Egnatia 8-2 Parthenon 8-3 Bema at Corinth 8-4 Theater in Ephesus 8-5 Synagogue at Gamla 8-6 Temple Mount in Jerusalem

6 7 7 10 14 16 20 22 23 26 27 28 34 40 55 55 55 56 58 59

INTRODUCTION: THE BIBLICAL WORLD

Halys River Troy

G R EECE Athens

Miletus

Medi te rranean Sea Elevation Legend (meters) (feet) 3000+

7050

2000

5600

1500

4220

1000

2820

500

1410

HUNGARY SLOVENIA -500

ROMANIA

C R O AT I A

Bucharest

Persian G ulf

Tema e

UKRAINE Thebes

Red Sea

Dedan

ARABIA

0

To Sheba

0

Black Sea

ia ea n S

TURKMENISTAN

Konya

Ti g

Mosul

Tehran

ris R

Halab

IRAN

iv

LEBANON

ean Sea

Damascus

0

300

200

200

400

500

300 mi

400 km

600 Miles

KUWAIT

JORDAN

EGYPT Red Sea

s River

SAUDI ARABIA

er

P

Nile River

Cairo

a te

r

LIBYA

IRAQ

ph

ISRAEL WEST BANK Jerusalem GAZA STRIP

Baghdad

Eu

Mediterran

er

SYRIA

CYPRUS

100

Ashgabat

TURKEY

600 Miles

200

0-2. Modern Political States of the Near East

Izmir Adana

0

300 mi

200 400 kmU Z B E K I S T A N KAZAKHSTAN

AZERBAIJAN ARMENIA

Istanbul

GREECE Athens

100

200

sp

GEORGIA

Ankara

600 Miles

100

RUSSIA

iver

S E R B I A Danube R BULGARIA MACEDONIA

800 900 Km

s 0

Dumah

Ca

Tirana

I T A LY

Susa

BABYLONIA

Memphis

0 M O LDOVA -1410

E LAM

Babylon

ARABIAN DESERT

EGYPT

iv

er

ISRAE L

r

0

iv

Damascus

Tyre

Jerusalem

8450+

2500

SYRIA

Ecbatana

Asshur

e

R

CYPRUS

E u p h ra t

Hamath

ME D IA

ASSYRIA

Aleppo s

CR ET E

Tigris River Nineveh

Carchemish

Tarsus

Knossos

Tushpa

Kanesh Melidu

A NATOLIA ANATOLIA

Sardis Ephesus

Caspian Sea

ARARAT

Hattusha

Gordion

00 900 Km

500

0-1. Major Regions of the Ancient Near East

Black Sea

Nile R

00

5

si

BAHRAIN

an

Gu

lf

Q ATA R

OMAN

6

ESV CONCISE BIBLE ATLAS

Casp

Black Sea

0-3. Main Routes of the Ancient Near East

Chalcedon

A RA RAT

iver

Se

Tushpa

l Ha

Kanesh

a

A N ATO L I A Sardis

R ys

ian

Hattusha

Gordion

Melidu

Ephesus

Tigris River

Miletus

Tarsus

C YPR US

Hamath

A SSY RI A

Ecbatana

Asshur Ri

SY RI A Tyre

Med i te rra nean Sea

E u p h ra t e s

MED I A

Nineveh

Carchemish

Aleppo

ve

r

EL A M

Babylon

Damascus

Susa

BA BY LO N I A

I SRA E L

Jerusalem

A R A BI A N D ESERT

EGY PT

Dumah

Memphis

Tema Ni

le

R ed Sea

Ri

v

er

Thebes

300

0-1. The Jordan River Valley is part of the larger Rift Valley that extends from the Sea of Galilee in the north into Africa in the south. As seen in the photo, the Jordan River follows a winding path, flowing 400 500 some 200 miles to 600 cover Miles the 65 land miles from Galilee to the Dead Sea.

400 500 600 700 800 900 Km

0

300

400

500

600 Miles

0 400 500 600 700 800 900 Km

Dedan

A RA B I A

0

100

200

300 mi

To Sheba 0

100

200 300 400 km

7

INTRODUCTION: THE BIBLICAL WORLD

0-2. A wadi is a streambed in the desert with a seasonal water flow.

Sidon

primary route

Damascus

secondary route

Dan

EE

nS ea

Tyre

LIL

ISRAEL

Samaria Great Trunk Road

Central Ridge Route Jericho Jerusalem

J U DA H

IL

Hebron

H

Engedi

P

Ramoth-gilead The King’s Highway

AMMON Rabbah Heshbon

Dead S ea

IS

TI

A

Beth-horon

Beersheba

To Egypt

Ashtaroth

Shechem

Joppa

Gaza

Sea of Galilee J o rd a n R i v e r GILEAD

ra n

ter di Me

Beth-shean

Ashdod

Hazor B A S H A N

GA

ea

Acco

Megiddo

Ashkelon

SY R I A

Mount Hermon

0-3. The region of Galilee, with its rolling hills and fertile valleys.

MOA B Kir-hareseth

NEGEB Way to Shur Bozrah

EDOM

Kadesh-barnea 0

20

40 mi To Elath

0

20

40

60 km

Petra

ARABIAN DESERT 0-4. Main Routes of Ancient Palestine



2000

5600

1500

4220

1000

2820

500

1410

0

0

Tyre

Acco

es River

Kishon River

Sea

Mount Carmel Dor

Megiddo

RON

an

ne

SHA

rra

BASHAN Ashtaroth

Mount Tabor a r m u k Y Riv VALLEY er OF JEZREEL

Samaria

Mount Ebal Mount Gerizim Shechem

te

er

Hazor

Beth-shean

di

par Riv

Dan

Sea of Galilee

GA

-1410

ar Ph

LIL

-500

Le o n t

Ramoth-gilead

J a bb ok R iver

ISRAEL

Joppa

GI LE AD

7050

EE

2500

SYRIA

Mount Hermon

8450+

J o rd a n R i v e r

3000+

Abana River Damascus

Sidon

Elevation Legend (meters) (feet)

Me

AMMON Beth-horon

Be

JUDAH

EP

HE

LAH

re k B ro o k

SH

Gaza

Jerusalem

Heshbon

Hebron

Engedi

Mount Nebo?

Dead S ea

A IL

IS

TI

Ashkelon

Beersheba

Kir-hareseth

Ze r e d

ARA BAH

Brook of Egypt?

WILDERNESS OF ZIN

Arnon River

MOAB

s o r roo k B NEGEB

Kadesh-barnea

Rabbah

Jericho

WILD E OF J RNES UD EA S

So

Ashdod

PH

0-5. Natural Geographic Regions of Palestine

ESV CONCISE BIBLE ATLAS

B ro

ok

Bozrah

EDOM

Petra

ARABIAN DESERT 0 0

10 20

20

30 40

40 mi 60 km

9

1: BEFORE ABRAHAM

spia Araxes River

EDEN?

TILE CRE SC EN Euphrates

anea

n Se a

FER

River

AAN

iterr

CAN

Med

Tigris River Choaspes Ulai River River?

T EDEN?

ARABIAN DESERT

Persian Gulf 0

100 200

0

200

300 mi

C

400 km

iv

Black Sea Magog

Ashkenaz

an

Gom

pi

EUROPE

as

Nile R

Red Sea

er

n Sea

Mount Ararat

E DE N?

1-1. The Garden of Eden. (Genesis 2:4–3:24; Ezekiel 31:1–18) Genesis describes the location of Eden in relation to the convergence of four rivers. While two of the rivers are unknown (the Pishon and the Gihon), the nearly universal identification of the other two rivers as the Tigris and the Euphrates suggests a possible location for Eden at either their northern or southern extremes.

Ca

B la ck Sea

er

Lud

Togarmah

ASIA MINOR

Javan

Tu

ba

l

Mash?

an

im

?

Miles

od

Heth Aram

Rh

m

anean Sea

Put?

Naphtuhim

Zemarites Arvadites Hamathites Sinites Arkites Sidon Hivites Girgashites Jebusites Amorites

ab im ?

A Elam

d

Persian Gulf

?

Red Sea

ah

Dedan

Havilah?

She ba?

Sabtah? th ave Uzal? erm z a H

Gulf of Aden Ophir?

400 mi 600 km

xa

od

am

400

ha

MI

mr

Seba?

Cush 200

Ni

ARABIA

Pathrusim

Descendant of Japheth

0

TA

Ra

Descendant of Ham

200

Arp

Egypt

Descendant of Shem

100

Asshur

PO

SOUTHWEST ARABIA

Red Sea

0

SO

Madai

Uz?

Leh

A F R I C A

ME

n

Mediterr

Kittim Elishah?

Canaa

Caphtorim Tiras = Etruscans? (Italy) Tarshish = Tartessos? (Spain)

Sea

Meshech

0

100 200 mi

0

200 km

1-2. Table of Nations, c. 2200 B.C. (Genesis 10:1–32) Many of the people groups mentioned in Genesis 10 can be identified with relative certainty. In general, the descendants of Ham settled in North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean coast, the descendants of Shem in Mesopotamia and Arabia, and the descendants of Japheth in Europe and Asia Minor.

The ESV Concise Bible Atlas offers a quick overview of biblical geography in a portable and highly affordable format. Adapted from the original Crossway ESV Bible Atlas, this streamlined edition displays important maps, illustrations, and pictures with concise commentary.

Chapters on the world of the patriarchs, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, the biblical world in the time of Christ, and other topics provide at-a-glance information for anyone seeking a basic grasp of biblical times and settings.

An index of place-names on maps is also included.

Students, Bible study participants, and interested readers will find this a critical reference to help in understanding the Bible and a resource that will enhance the Bible-reading experience.

[Praise for the Crossway ESV Bible Atlas] “A remarkably beautiful and rich resource for historical, geographical, and archaeological background material that will deepen our understanding of each section of the Bible and increase our appreciation of the Bible’s amazing historical accuracy.”

WAYNE GRUDEM, Research Professor of Theology and Biblical Studies, Phoenix Seminary

Ha

e a

“During the forty-four years I served as a college professor, I used many good atlases. However, I have never seen one comparable to this in the breadth of material, the depth of coverage, and the outstanding quality of its impressive and abundant maps and photos of Bible lands.” ly s

R ive

Kanesh Mazaka/Eusebia/Caesarea

r

JOHN MCRAY, Professor Emeritus of New Testament and Archaeology,

Dam

Wheaton College Graduate School

TA N Cilician Gates U Sarus River M O Tarsus Adana Mallus

Issus

Syrian Gates/Belen Pass Alalakh

Antioch Seleucia Ugarit

Qarqar

Hamath

JAMES K. HOFFMEIER, Professor of Old Testament and Near Eastern Archaeology, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

a

Se

ea

Crossway ESV Bible Atlas and has provided the maps and commentary for this concise edition. He is a Bible reference editor and the developer of Bible Mapper Software.

otus n

a Oboda

adesh-barnea

ber?

Jericho

Ai?

Bethlehem

Engedi

Gomorrah?

Bela (Zoar) BIBLE REFERENCE / ATLAS

Admah?

Kir-hareseth/Charachmoba

Bozrah

Zeboiim?

Hazazon-

Bozrah

Punon

Petra Timna/Thamna Elath

Red Sea

Kiriathaim?

EMIM

Sodom?

Dead Sea Dibon

Jabb

Salem? (Jerusalem)

Ashtaroth GadaraEdrei Bostra Beth-shean/ Scythopolis Gerasa

Hebron

Succoth?

Shechem

Jericho (OT) Rabbah/Philadelphia Jebus/Jerusalem

Beersheba

ZUZIM Ham?

o iver

n

DAVID P. BARRETT was the cartographer for the acclaimed original

Ashte karn RE

kR

Qatna Hamath-zobah?/Emesa Zemar Kadesh Athar/Tripolis Arka Riblah Cun? Zedad Gebal/Byblos Lebo-hamath Heliopolis Beroth/Berytus Chalcis Betah?

Helbon Sidon Abila Damascus Mount H Mo M Hermon m Tyre Laish/Dan Hazor co/Ptolemais

Shechem

Sea of Galilee

Orontes River

Arvad/Arados

Joppa

Hazor

Ebla

alamis komi

Megiddo Caesarea

Dan

Dead S ea

Zephyrion

Amanian Gates/Baghche Pass

“A wonderfully illustrated tool to aid the layperson, student of Scripture, or pastor who wants to dig deeper and gain new insights and appreciation of the Bible’s setting, context, and message. The text is easy to follow, pictures are brilliant, and maps are incredibly useful as the reader moves through the related narratives. I highly recommend this marvelous resource.”

Jordan River

S

HORITES

SEI R

IN