Christopher Crosley Graduate Portfolio. University of Cincinnati
Indiana Courthouse Square Georgia Steet Institute A New Urban Narrative Workforce Training Center Pinckney Amphitheater Pavilion on Human Energy Sketches and Illustrations
Cellular Articulation The Indiana Courthouse Square
Design for Sustainability The downtown districts of many small Indiana towns are in need of reviatalization that is sustaniable but also of a language native to the small town typology. Developing armatures and patterning systems that are based on an underlying fractal pattern allows them to become cellular in nature. They can then be combined and arranged in many unique ways to result in a diverse urban condition. Because the armatures and patterns were designed in the contextual typology, the result is unique to the town but still of the small town language.
S. Illinois Street
W. Capitol Avenue
W. Georgia Street
Design Parti
STREET + CITY OF THE
Pan Am Plaza Site Diagram
IN THE
Revitalize Pan Am Plaza, Indianapolis, Indiana The Georgia Street Institute An urban building must be both of the street and in the city. The Culinary Institute, addressing the street, becomes a composition of parts of the street, while the Boutique Hotel, addressing the city, becomes a part in the composition of the city. The Culinary Institute and its related businesses and offices are a composition of several facade styles distilled from the buildings surrounding the site. These facades reflect program and the range of public to private spaces behind them. The teaching kitchens present themselves openly becoming a stage for the students and spill excitement and energy into the street. The bistro bends
away from the street to reveal the Pan Am Plaza and create seating on the street. The Boutique Hotel becomes an element in the larger composition of the city by following existing registration lines, and by extending the urban wall on Georgia street. It also seeks to address the larger ecological context by purifying waste water and channeling storm water into Georgia street. The hotel also features a double skin, south facing facade that acts as a stack effect chimney during the summer and a trombe wall during the winter.
Program:
4. Wine Tasting Room 5. Coffee Shop and Wine bar 6. Bake Shop 7. Bistro 8. Classrooms
1. Teaching Kitchens 2. Pastry Kitchen 3. Demonstration Lab
9. Lecture Hall 10. Library/ Administation 11.Hotel Lobby 12. Registration Offices 13. Fitness Center
14. Business Center 15. Reception Rooms 16. Back Of House 17. Guest Rooms 18. Open Below Second Floor
Rooftop Pedestrian Perspective
9th Floor 17
1
10
8th Floor 17 9 7th Floor 17
First Floor
6th Floor 17
5th Floor
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17 4
2
4th Floor 16 3 3th Floor 12 14 13
15
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North-East Pedestrian Perspective
North-West Arial Perspective
Teaching Kitchens
Instruction Area
Botique Hotel South Wall Detail Details:
2 6 1
3
7
1. Steel Web Joists @ 3’ o.c. 2. Concrete pad on corrugated decking 3. Vertical truss, 3’ deep @ 15’ o.c. 4. Aluminum framed windows, upper and lower units operable 5. 1’ deep operable shading system, dual color -Changes seasonally: White during summer: mitigating solar gain Black during winter: maximizing solar gain
6. Service catwalk 7. Operable Louvers 8. Point fixing glass curtain wall 9. Stack effect ventilation -During summer 10. Trombe wall effect -During winter
South-East Pedestrian Perspective 9
5
10 8
6 1
7
5 9
West Building Section
North-West Pedestrian Perspective
Ball Univ
State e r s i t y
EDUCATION REDEFINED Team Members: Chris Crosley, Architecture Josh Kriete, Architecture Emily Kieper, Economics Professor: Robert J. Koester, AIA, LEED AP Client: BSU Academy for Sustainability
Modeling Urban Form A New Urban Narrative B.B.C. Fellows Project
“ ...there is a continuing lack of any compelling narrative focusing on the upside of living within environmental limits rather than on the multiple downsides of exceeding those limits.” Becker, Bill. “Why Everyone Should Be a Futurist.”
A New Urban Narrative The Agricultural Community Farming All Surfaces
Social Characteristics:
Economic Characteristics:
Cultural Characteristics:
Environmental Characteristics:
The community design will enable natural interaction between members of the community and emphasize the importance of the correlation between social communication and personal wellbeing.
Diversity and density will be encouraged within the commercial segment of the community.
An important goal for the community is the creation of a civic identity through cultural vitality.
Efficiency will be achieved through ecological systems.
Biophilic spaces will be incorporated to encourage the bond between members of the community and the living systems of nature. Built-in, flexible public seating will provide physical ease and relaxation for citizens throughout the community. Efficient pathways for pedestrian and bicycle transportation will be provided throughout the community, making the use of motor vehicles unnecessary.
The support of entrepreneurship and small, local businesses will be important in the pursuit to achieve and maintain economic equilibrium. As a community highly devoted to agriculture, a copious amount of resources will be dedicated to agricultural development and production. In addition to agriculture, mixed-use development will interconnect various aspects of the community resulting in pedestrian connections to a suitable blend of residential, commercial, cultural, religious, and institutional niches.
Food will be both produced and consumed locally. The community will be built upon a strong appreciation of self-sustainability and interdependence within its individual parts to support the whole. Education will be dispensed in a way to encourage creativity and innovation. Numerous opportunities for individual expression will be available.
The community will employ a decentralized closed loop water treatment network utilizing aerobic waste treatment systems to efficiently reuse potable water. A geothermal system will meet the heating and cooling loads of the entire community. Lastly, wind and solar energy will be captured to eliminate use of fossil fuels within the community.
Context
Theoretical location and climate data “The Living Building Challenge is an attempt
The context for this project is theoretical to allow for value creation within systems and patterns free from site-based constraints.
to raise the bar. It defines the most advanced measure of sustainability in the built environment possible today and acts to dimisish the gap between current limits and ideal solutions. This philosopy, advocacy tool, and certification program covers all building at all scales and is a unified tool
However, to enable the process of design-for-sustainability, we have chosen this climate and corresponding location as a starting point for investigation.
for transformative design, allowing us to envision a future that is Socially
Just, Culturally Rich and Ecologically Restorative.�
Francisco, CACA Temperature SanSan Francisco, ClimateData Data
San Francisco Site Region
90
80
73
76
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81
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66 60
58
63
59 53
50
40
67
49 41
56
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47
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43
Los Angeles 30
20
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FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
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DEC
Culture as Nodes The elevation of cultural volumes to the upper floors of the urban landscape allegorically celebrates their importance and allows them the opportunity to become landmarks. Proximity of primary education centers and food markets could facilitate interaction and integration of agriculture into early education. Centralization of Secondary and Post-secondary education within the sports culture district could present the opportunity to consolidate athletic facilities.
Food Market Library Museum Performance Sports
Cultural Node Key: Primary Education Secondary Education Post-Secondary Education Produce Markets Library Museum Performance Hall Sports Arena
Primary Secondary Post Secondary
Transit Streetcar or bus routes: 2 loops through all quadrants 4 transverse routes LBC - Imperative 17: Democracy + Social Justice: Primary transportation must be accessible to all members of the community.
Pedestrian only access along diagonals LBC - Imperative 4: Car Free LivingCommunity must be walkable and pedestrian-oriented. LBC - Imperative 10: Biophilia: Include elements that nurture human attraction to natural systems and processes.
Urban Blocks Open Green Space High Speed Transit Hub Streetcar Nodes Streetcar Network Pedestrian Network
Open Space Block configuration tessellation
Urban Pattern Precedent: Barcelona
Park and Garden Elements Park and Garden configuration tessellation We have identified two primary types of green space: Parks and Gardens. Parks being public spaces used for recreation and containing elements of the native ecology. Gardens being private spaces owned by individuals our small cooperatives for agricultural production.
Hanging Trellis
Trellis Bed
Vertical Bed
Raised Bed Fruit Tree
Native Species Bioswale Living Machine
Street-Scape Plans Transect Key LBC - Imperative 6: Ecological Water Flow: All storm water and used project water discharge must be managed onsite.
LBC - Imperative 10: Biophilia: Include elements that nurture human attraction to natural systems and processes.
Street-Scape Section Hard-scaped Bioswale LBC - Imperative 16: Human Scale + Humane Places: Community should be human-scaled.
Pervious Pavers around Trees
LBC - Imperative 18: Rights to Nature: May not block access to, or diminish quality of, fresh air, sunlight, natural waterways.
Canal
Layered Facade
Residential Rooftop The intensive green roof provides a 1:6 garden space to residential space ratio, which allows each resident a 10 ft by 10 ft garden space
plot of
This residential block produces
186,000 kWh of electricity
annually, which accounts for 16% of its electrical consumption (based on RECS energy intensities)
Structure
Tributary Area 4
3 2
1
A
B
C
D
Water Systems Section Closed-Loop Water Reuse System
Rainwater and Canal water
Potable Water Water Fountians
Urban Agriculture
Sinks and Showers UV Sterilization Particulate Filtration System Estimated ~20% Water Loss Due to Organic Processes and Evaporation
Washing Machines
Closed-Loop System Recharge
Excess Greywater is Used for Agriculture Sand Filter
Sand Filter
Aerobic Waste Treatment System
Greywater Kitchen Sinks Toilets
Blackwater
Rainwater
LBC - Imperative 5: Net Zero Water: All water needs must be supplied by captured precipitation or other natural closed loop water systems. LBC - Imperative 6: Ecological Water Flow: All storm water and used project water discharge must be managed onsite
Living Machine Urban Agriculture
Resource Allocation Plan Average Building Height Across Site ~ 4 Population Count
60,000
Residential Unit Count
Rooftop Allocation
Stories
Site Boundary 504 acres
People
24,000 Units
Average Residential Unit
1,700 Sq. Feet
LBC - Imperative 3: For each hectare of development, an equal amount of land away from the project must be set aside as part of a habitat exchange.
Commercial Space to Residential Space Ratio 0.2 Open Space to Residential Space Ratio 0.2
Site Buildable Sq. Footage
Within Boundary Solar Electric 275 acres
Beyond Boundary
15 Million Sq. Feet
Residential Sq. Footage Commercial Sq. Footage
41 8
Open Space Sp. Footage
8
Total Built Sq. Footage
Solar Thermal 20 acres
Urban Agriculture 187 acres
57
Habitat Exchange 504 acres
High Speed Rail
Water Collection 920 acres
Million Sq. Feet
Geothermal 92 acres
Site Boundary 504 acres River
For One Residential Unit 1,700 Sq. Ft
= 2.5 People
2 Block Units
=
Wind Power 690 acres
Commercial
340 Sq. Ft
Open Space
340 Sq. Ft
Ground Level Allocation
Supply: Water Resource Shadow Acreage
Water Collection Potential million cu ft/30 days
5. Net Zero Water: All water needs must be supplied by captured precipitation or other natural closed loop water systems.
Mean Monthly Potential: 15.4
20.2
21.9 14.8
14.0
Monthly difference from mean
Potential Harvest
4.08
Trendline
53,100,000 gal
12% Surplus
-1.71 -9.46 -14.2 -15.1 -15.1 -13.3 -6.11
Monthly Potential: 35.5
37.3
29.4
13.7
5.90 1.16
.231
.232 2.08
9.26 19.4
30.2
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
June
Sep.
Nov.
Month
Site Boundary 504 acres
Resource Demand
80 Gallons per capita per day = 4,000 CF per capita per year
Water Collection 920 acres
=
10 ft
20 ft
20 ft
20% of its capacity due to inefficiencies, then once fully charged it will require an input of 800 CF If an organic closed loop system looses
per capita per year.
46,841,663 gal
Supply: Electricity Resource Shadow Acreage
Solar Electric Collection Potential GWh/30 days
1.2
Mean Monthly Potential: 14.4
Solar Electric 275 acres
Monthly difference -2.8 from mean
-1.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.2
1.2
-.11
-.78
-1.6
-3.3
Potential Harvest
Trendline
12% Surplus 12.9
14.5
15.7
16.3
16.3
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
16.3 16.7 July
Aug.
15.7 Sep.
13.7 12.8 11.2 Oct.
Nov.
Wind Potential
Monthly Potential: 11.7
Dec.
Month
115,657,552 kWh
Wind Collection Potential
Site Boundary 504 acres
GWh/30 days
1.59
1.59 .584
Monthly difference from mean
-.417 -.417
-.417 -.417
-1.42
-.417 -1.42 -1.42
Trendline Monthly Potential: 5.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Month
LBC - Imperative 7: Net Zero Energy: All of the community’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable energy on a net annual basis.
285,921,009 kWh
Solar Potential
2.59
Mean Monthly Potential: 6.42
Resource Demand
Wind Power 690 acres
324,354,961 kWh
208,697,409 kWh
Electricity: R.O.I $972
Performance and Cost Summary Solar: Wind:
Installation Cost:
Annual Cost Savings:
$19.9 Million $60 Million
$20.8 Million $11.6 Million
R.O.I: 105% 19%
Total Project R.O.I: 40% Lifespan Net Avoided Cost: $892 Million
Lifespan: 30 years Market Price: $0.10 per kWh
30 Years
Avoided Emissions: 660 Billion Tons Avoided carbon tax: $6.6 Million
Installation Cost vs. Compounding Annual Cost Savings Solar Install Cost Wind Install Cost
Cost Savings
10 Years
$324
5 Years $162
1 Year $79.9
$79.9
$79.9
$79.9
$60 $19.9
$20.8
Solar Panels
$32.4 $11.6 Wind Turbine
Combined
Solar Panels
Wind Turbine
Combined
Solar Panels
Wind Turbine
Combined
Solar Panels
Wind Turbine
Combined
N. Meridian Street
N. Illinois Street
W. 32nd Street
Stem, Leaf, and Flower
Indianapolis Childrens Museum
W. 30th Street Site Diagram
Bent Frame Diagram
Integral + Organic
Sustainability in Education, Meridian St, Indianapolis, IN
Workforce Training Center The use of integral sustainable design requires designers to focus on multiple interconnected issues and see from experiential, behavioral, systemic, and cultural perspectives. Experientially, the building will be patterned hierarchically as a stem, leaf, and flower. Structurally, a bent frame will be used as a counterpoint to localized expressions of form and hierarchy. Culturally, the site will seek to engage all members of the community. Education is one of the main agents of socialization; so one way to influence society is through education. This workforce training center will do just that for adults in the field of sustainable technologies. However, by seeking to
also educate children in environmental responsibility before they complete their primary socialization they will be more sensitive to Nature’s systems and be more aware of the effects their actions have on the world around them for the rest of their lives. Ecologically, the site will demonstrate how it is a member of a cycle. The goal is to create a complex that is at the same time an independent and efficient set of systems and a functioning member in a diverse and vibrant ecosystem, a nested system within the larger ecosystem. Users should be fully aware of the site’s interaction with the ecosystem as well as the neighborhood.
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First & Second Floor Plans
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1. Lobby 2. Library 3. Cafe 4. Reception/Administration 5. Large Lecture Room 6. Lecture Room 7. Shop Space 8. Retail Space 9. Storage 10. Classroom 11. Interview Rooms 12. Offices 13. Open Below 14. Outdoor Classroom 15. Outdoor Shop Space
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15
5 20 10
South West Perspective
40
South Enterance
South Enterance Interior
Cafe from Enterance Lobby
9 AM - December 21st - Direct Solar Radiation Analysis
1st Floor Interior Perspective
11 AM
1 PM
2nd Floor Interior Perspective
3 PM
5 PM
Surface Transmission Internal Gain Solar Gain
Building Systems Diagram Details: 1. Evacuated tube solar collectors 2. Storage tanks (120, 100, 80) and back-up system 3. Radiant flooring 4. Winter air intake 5. Heat recovery exchanger 6. Summer air intake 7. HVAC unit with geothermal heat pump 8. Raised floor air distribution
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West Enterance from North West
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.25 .5
Industrial Public/Civic Tourist HistoricHarbor, SC. Charleston Residential
1
2 Miles
250 500 1000 ft
Schutes Folly Island
25 50
100
200 ft
Castle Pinckney
Pinckney Amphitheater Historic Castle Pinckney, Charleston Harbor, SC.
From War to Celebration Today, Castle Pinckney’s identity is far from it’s original state as a defensive fortification in times of war. Unlike neighboring Fort Sumter, whose role in the Civil War is ingrained in the mind of every American, Castle Pinckney’s role in the Civil War was of minor historical importance and has fallen from memory. This renovation will address the need to preserve the fort as an object of history and of rare architectural form by restoring the exterior and interior façades of the castle walls and addressing major structural failures. However, if the castle was restored solely as a historic or heritage tourism site, it would merely be a side stop for visitors traveling to Fort Sumter. A new identity should be given to Castle Pinckney, one that is integral to the urban fabric of downtown Charleston. The island is visible from nearly the
entire coastline of the city, and, with the addition of a dock, easily accessible by boat. As an amphitheater, Castle Pinckney will connect to the urban fabric by making itself a festival destination. The amphitheater will draw repeat visitors from among the residents of Charleston and Mt. Pleasant as a venue for concerts, plays, musicals, public celebrations, and private events such as weddings.
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Welcome Center: 1. Main Entrance 2. Permanent Display - History of Castle Pinckney 3. Temporary Exhibits - Historical or Ecological 4. Public Rest rooms 5. Storage and Systems 6. Stairwell and Elevator 7. Salt Marsh Platform and Boardwalk
60 ft up
dn
7 dn
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up 6
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up
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Notes: 15. Restored Castle Wall 16. Historic Window Openings 17. Historic Window Openings - Filled 18. Infill 19. Section Perspective Cut Plane 20. Column Foundations 21. Columns
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2 16
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Welcome Center
The amphitheater canopy reflects the experience of the user descending the belvedere as the user ascends the stairs and sweeping out into a climax over the amphitheater seating. The union of the tapering canopy and the stair that ascends towards the belvedere draws the user upwards to experience a panoramic view, 45 feet above sea level, of the harbor looking out over Charleston and Mt. Pleasant. The columns supporting the canopy are sympathetic to the historic window openings in the castle wall and are spaced to be centered between them. The welcome center, placed inside the castle walls, is constructed of craft masonry complementary to the masonry walls of the castle. The amphitheater canopy and belvedere, however, contrast sharply with the
Amphitheater: 8. Ambulatory 9. Amphitheater Seating 10. Amphitheater Seating - Translucent Glass 11. Stage 12. ADA Ramps 13. Belvedere 14. Overhead Canopy
Amphitheater
architecture of the castle, appearing nearly weightless. The canopy seems to cantilever from columns with pinned connections while supported by an unseen horizontal compression member running along the upper rim of the canopy. The ceiling of the welcome center, also a section of the amphitheater seating, is constructed of translucent glass plates supported by steel beams which provide day lighting to the space, but also work to harmoniously weld the traditional, heavy masonry with the modern, light steel architecture of the amphitheater.
Schutes Folly Island contains a saltwater marsh ecosystem, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, and is a protected breeding ground for Easter Brown Pelicans. The platform and boardwalk from Castle Pinckney will allow the public to explore the island without causing damage, and provide access to the ecosystem for research and observation by schools and research institutions.
Boardwalk towards castle
Aerial perspective looking north
Exhibit Space in Welcome Center
Solar collection
8
Program Key: 1. Main Entrance 2. Permanent Display 3. Stair and Elevator Core 4. Ambulatory 5. Amphitheater Seating 6. Translucent Glass 7. ADA Ramps 8. Belvedere 9. Overhead Canopy
Rainwater collection
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Notes: 10. Restored Castle Wall 11. Infill
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3 4 7
Amphitheater Seating Max. occupancy: 720 people
FFE: +13’6”
6
FFE: +7’6”
5
10
11 2 1 FFE: 0’0”
13
The Belvedere is handicap accessible via elevator and provides a panoramic view of the Charleston waterfront, the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge, and the Mt. Pleasant waterfront.
Details: 1. Restored masonry 2. Limestone cap 3. 32” Dia. Conc pier 11 4. 1” Dia. Anchor bolts 5. 1” Non-shrunk structural grout 12 6. 1” Steel plate 7. 16” - 12” Dia. Tapered steel tube column 8. Pinned connection- weld to plate and girder 9. Tubular steel girder 8 10. Lightweight steel joists 5’ o.c. 11. Steel perlins 3’ o.c. span joists 12. Paneled metal cladding 13. Standing seam metal roof
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Transient
Temporary Sustainablilty Pavilion Pavilion on Human Energy
A temporary pavilion is transient, each appearance a footstep in a journey. It must touch delicately so as not to scar the earth. Weightless and translucent like a wisp, this pavilion demonstrates the importance of environmental consciousness and resourcefulness in sustainability through structure and construction.
Assembly Process
The construction process is a public participation event. The energy used to raise the pavilion is gathered from visitors using treadmills, stationary bikes, and hand cranks. This Interaction demonstrates the power of human energy and co-operation showing that we already possess all that we need to make an Impact towards sustainability.
Design Sketches
Sketches + Illustrations