Industrial Experience: Inside McLaren Racing
CUES:
Meet the team
Societies Guide:
3D print your friends!
First Year Lecturers:
Beneath the powerpoint
THE CAMBRIDGE ENGINEER FRESHERS EDITION
Cover Photo Bella Nguyen: 3D Point Cloud using a Laser Scanner of London Underground Bridge Structure. Zeiss Photography Competition 2015 To verify the height of the bridge structure, we used the FARO laser scanner to scan the London Underground asset. The image has not been enhanced/or altered in any way. The moving blobs are the vehicles in motion during the laser scan. The scan was part of a London Underground Project funded by CSIC.
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CONTENTS Editorial
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CUES President
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Head of Department David Cardwell welcomes new students
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Behind the Powerpoint We talk to maths lecturers Robin Langley and Seb Savory
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Meet the team Intro to the CUES committee
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Centrefold Rachel Garsed, Winner of 2015 Zeiss Photography Competition
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Industrial Experience Inside McLaren F1
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Goodbye From Igor CUED’s Industrial Experience co-ordinator retires!
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Societies Eco Racing, Spaceflight, EWB and more
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Robot Bike Additive manufacture allows flexible design
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The Dyson Centre CUED’s centre for student innovation
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“I had to shout ‘Eureka’ to an empty office.” - Robin Langley, page 4
I discovered
it’s the
little things
thAT
really count
At BP there are no small jobs. So when we shut down our Kwinana refinery for maintenance, I had the big challenge of ensuring that more piping joints than we‘d ever opened up before were inspected and repaired or replaced. Ben Kwan, Engineering, Kwinana, Australia
What will you discover? At BP, we offer the most exciting and challenging global opportunities for high performing graduates in engineering, science, business and trading.
Search for BP Careers
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EDITORIAL Hello and welcome to new students! To old students, welcome back! We Sara and Agnes - are the magazine team for this year. To introduce ourselves: Sara: I´m a third year Mechanical engineer. Choosing in what to specialise was quite hard, because (nearly) everything interests me! …so I finally decided fluids, thermo, dynamics, etc are the most fun. However, everyday the biomedical world fascinates me more; so who knows, maybe somewhere to head to after I graduate. Unrelated to engineering, I also love playing piano and hiking! Agnes: I am a fourth year Information and Computer engineer. My research project is in Holographic Projection, and I’m interested in Information Theory, Robotics and Interaction design. Outside the department, I’m also involved in costume design at the theatre, and I run a techno night at King’s Bunker (you should come). The Cambridge Engineer - CUES’s magazine - is written for students, by students, and seeks to print a broad range of interesting engineering content. We aim for a mix of material from both inside and outside the department, and to link together multiple disciplines each issue around a central theme. This year, as well as the termly printed format, we’re hoping to develop a blog-style website that will regularly publish articles. As ever, The Cambridge Engineer welcomes submissions and interviews - to see your name in print, pitch an article to magazine@cuengineeringsociety.org.uk The fresher’s issue is a bit special - though we still run some general interest articles, this issue is geared towards welcoming a new year of students - providing a handy source of information for what can be a large and sometimes confusing department! In this issue you’ll find pieces on industrial experience, student-run societies, interviews with firstyear lecturers and loads more. The theme of the next issue will be ‘Bending Reality’ so if you’re working in (or just interested in) anything from crazy architecture to flexible electronics, Augmented Reality or materials engineering, let us know! Once the website is up and running we will also publish articles outside the theme, so don’t let that limit your submissions. We’re both excited for the events of the year ahead: the engineering department is a fun place to be, and CUES are running a whole host of exciting events, covering a broad range of interests. The new Dyson centre provides more opportunity than ever to create and build, either as part of one of the many societies, or as a personal project. So - get excited, get involved, and please: send us an email and tell us about it!
Agnes Cameron and Sara Troyas CUES Magazine editors 2016-17
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CUES PRESIDENT It is my pleasure to welcome you to a new year at Cambridge. Whether you are beginning your degree or embarking on another year, the CUES committee will be working hard behind the scenes to bring you all the engineering you can’t get in lectures. CUES is amongst the oldest and largest societies at Cambridge University, one that continues to grow and evolve: last year saw a number of exciting changes, and we’re going to continue building on their successes this year. We are planning to collaborate more with other societies, and forge stronger links with the world beyond Cambridge. To do all of this we depend on our links to industry via our sponsors. We are enormously grateful for their support, which enables us to build such an exciting calendar. After the success of last year we will be holding a second ARM Hackathon and hosting Schlumberger for their case study challenge – a chance to learn first hand from the companies leading their industries. On November 12th will be the first Capture the Flag event with BAE Systems Applied Intelligence. An event welcoming engineers and non-engineers, experienced coders and complete beginners alike, the people who are employed to hack into governments will be coming to teach you their trade. Furthermore you’ll be completing the challenges to win points against Oxford Engineering Society via the cloud – an engineering Varsity. CUES this year will be collaborating with the Cambridge Coding Academy to hold a series of workshops: want to learn how to develop a website or build an app? There’s also the annual Project Expo, which allows us to showcase the rich variety of societies and opportunities in the department. We will also be relaying the opportunities for STEM students in other sectors through our links with the Marshall Society and other groups. The CUES Careers Fair, the university’s largest student-run careers fair, will return on November 2nd and later in the year, a speed-networking event will be taking place for you to meet our sponsors in a more informal setting. Site visits, both home and abroad, will get you off campus to see all those things we learn about in the lecture halls and every week industry leading companies will be on your doorstep presenting the latest technologies and engineering challenges as well as summer placement and graduate openings. This will be an outstanding year and we hope to see you at as many events as possible. Finally, if you have ideas for events, links or collaborations, or you would like to take a part in CUES, please do let us know. We always welcome your thoughts! With all best wishes,
Ed Broadhead CUES President 2016-17
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HEAD OF DEPARTMENT I’d like to welcome you all warmly to one of the best Engineering Departments in the world. And many congratulations on winning your place here, which is a huge achievement in itself. With more than seven applications per place, the highest by far of any large subject in the University, more than 85% of our applicants don’t actually make it. So, well done, again, to you all. I studied Physics, rather than Engineering, although the overlaps between the two subjects are clear. I particularly enjoyed the experimental side of the subject, which drove me naturally into Engineering. Giving a cricket ball a wavelength, and isolating a single charge on a droplet of liquid with stay with me forever! I’m responsible for the day to day running of the Department, including staffing, managing the finances and all aspects of health and safety. I also lead a fairly large (more than 20 people) research group on bulk superconductivity, although I have support from another member of staff and senior post-docs in this role. I enjoy working with some of the best engineering minds in the world. The staff here at all levels are extraordinary, and generally care passionately about the Department. And our students are the best in the world by some way, which makes teaching both a challenge and a joy. These are very exciting times for Cambridge Engineering: we have made the decision to re-integrate the entire Department to the West Cambridge SIte. We’re now entering the third year of the biggest single Department project in the history of the University, which will produce the best academic Engineering Department in the world when it’s finished in 10-15 years. The whole year is filled with exciting events. These include open days, numerous conferences hosted by the Department, outreach events, invited lectures by prestigious international visitors and the start of the actual buildings program at West Cambridge in April, when we break ground for the new Civil Engineering Building. Sincerely,
Professor David Cardwell Head of Department
“These are very exciting times for Cambridge Engineering”
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BEHIND THE POWERPOINT Often in lectures - especially in first year - it can be easy to forget about the realworld applications of the subject. In a bid to regain this kind of context, The Cambridge Engineer speaks to first-year maths lecturers Seb Savory and Robin Langley about their careers, lives and experiences in the industry. TCE: What is your current research? My research is focused on optical fibre communication systems - often using advanced mathematics to increase the amount of data that can be transmitted using an optical fibre.
TCE: What do you find exciting about working in your field? It’s been exciting to see ideas that I sketched on a white board become the industry standard for all long-haul communications, with the current challenge being to keep one step ahead of our ever increasing data requirements.
TCE: How did you get into engineering? I started working in this field at the STL/Nortel Harlow labs during a gap year between school and university, and since then I’ve worked in both industry and academia.
TCE: If you had one piece of advice to give a first year, what would it be? In terms of my advice regarding studying engineering at Cambridge one of the challenges is the breadth if you can, try to embrace this, as it’s a unique opportunity!
“It’s been exciting to see ideas that I sketched on a white board become the industry standard...”
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TCE: What’s the most exciting project you’ve worked on? RL: The most exciting academic result I ever obtained was a formula to predict variability in noise levels. I was working as an academic visitor in the USA at the time, and I’d stayed at work on a Friday evening because I felt I was near to a solution. When everything worked out I was very excited....but there was no one to tell because everyone from the office had gone home, and worse than that it was the Friday before Christmas and so many people were travelling. Also, the time difference meant that I couldn’t call the UK to tell anyone the news! So I had to shout “Eureka” to an empty office.
TCE: What do you think is the most crucial problem in your field of engineering? RL: For centuries we have been trying to understand the physics of systems so that we can produce better engineering designs. We are now in a position where we have very sophisticated equations and mathematical models (based on experimental evidence), and these equations are implemented in computer programs that can predict the performance of extremely complicated systems. The question is: how can we deal with uncertainty and make rational engineering decisions?
TCE: What was your first engineering job? My first consultancy job for industry was to work out the mooring stiffness of a new system designed by a company in London. The system consisted of a buoyancy tank that was attached to the top of a 60m wire that was fastened at the bottom to the seabed - a bit like an upside down pendulum. With lack of experience I estimated the job would take two days and quoted a price to the company. In the end it took me about two weeks and I got paid.... for two days.
TCE: If you had one piece of advice to give a first year, what would it be? RL: Don’t worry if you find the course difficult - everybody does, and supervisions are there to help you. Remember that all the material you are being taught was discovered by people like you, it didn’t drop down from the skies, and you will make your own contributions to the world in due course.
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MEET THE TEAM PRESIDENT ED
VICE PRES AKHASS
COMMITTEE DIRECTOR - ROY
EVENTSSISI+BENNY +QIJIA
The CUES comittee are elected at the end of every Lent term, and play a number of roles in the life of the Department. From organising lunchtime presentations to running 24-hour Hackathons, plus setting up social events and dealing with issues of diversity, CUES is a society for the engineering you do outside of lectures.
SECRETARY - TISAL TREASURER MICHAEL
PRESENTATIONS FEDERICA+MARIA
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SOCIALS - GEMMA+ MRINANK
PUBLICITY ZHIYI (ZOE)+ YITING
MAGAZINE EDITORS SARA+AGNES WEBMASTERS - EVGENY+ZIQING Want to get in touch or get involved? Visit cuengineeringsociety.org. uk, follow us on Facebook (@ CUEngsoc) drop us an email, or just stop us in the canteen for a chat. We are your society, and we want to hear from you!
ADVISOR SARAH
DIVERSITY - TALAY
A Shot in the Dark Rachel Garsed, Winner Zeiss Photography Competition 2015 Liquid crystals are used in display technology to manipulate the properties of the light waves that pass through them to create images. They are commonly used in screens such as those found on computers and mobile phones, or in projectors. I am researching a different method of projection using liquid crystals, which not only makes it possible to project images that are always in focus, but that also allows 3D images to be produced without the need for special glasses. This image shows what happens when a material is pushed beyond its limits: the strong electric field used to control the material has destroyed the liquid crystal creating a spectacular pattern. As well as producing this dramatic image, the picture also gives us valuable information about what conditions the liquid crystal can withstand, taking us one step closer to finding the ideal material.
What Will You Be? Graduate Opportunities with Real Responsibility. Who are we? We are the world’s leading oilfield services company. Working globally—often in remote and challenging locations—we invent, design, engineer, manufacture, apply, and maintain technology to help customers find and produce oil and gas safely. We’re always looking for self-motivated graduates to join our team who n have exceptional problem solving, communication, and leadership skills n are looking for real challenges and responsibility n are interested in a global company that rewards performance and ambition. What will you be? Through worldwide operations and supportive teams—140 nationalities working in around 85 countries—we offer countless career opportunities in n Engineering, Research, and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business Find the job that’s right for you.
careers.slb.com
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INSIDE MCLAREN F1 The Cambridge Engineer speaks to fourth-year electronic engineer Vicky Gough about her Summer 2016 placement at McLaren Racing. TCE: How did you get the placement? I attended an event held at CUED during Michaelmas last year, where McLaren employees talked about how it is to work at McLaren (and also gave us free Dominos pizza - winning). In the presentation, they explained the process of how to apply, and I simply followed the process and combined with a bit of a stroke luck managed to get an interview and a place to work the following summer!
TCE: What´s been the highlight? Seeing the McLaren cars drive around the circuit on one of the testing days in Silverstone. I’ve actually never seen F1 cars functioning live, only on TV, so it was super cool to see and hear them whizzing past right in front of you.
TCE: What have been doing for the bulk of the placement? I worked on the electrical/electronics team as one of the PCB designers mainly working on various sensor circuits.
TCE: What is the working environment like? Very very clean and monochrome. If you always dreamed of working in the Death Star, this is the place for you (for aesthetic reasons).
For more information on industrial placements, plus a handy map to find the co-ordinator’s room, go to: teaching.eng.cam.ac.uk/node/64
“If you always dreamed of working in the Death Star, this is the place for you” - Vicky Gough, McLaren Racing
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GOODBYE FROM IGOR CUED’s industrial experience co-ordinator Igor Wowk is retiring after 26 years in the job. In this letter, he gives advice to students just about to start their degrees and the hunt for placements. Until very recently I had the pleasure and honour to be Industrial Placement Coordinator for the Department of Engineering, a post I held or some may say clung on to, since 1st January 1990 until 30th September 2016. Not a bad innings, but by no means the longest here, as the University values loyalty and commitment from their staff. I once went to a retirement ceremony attended by the vice chancellor where the man in question had worked 51 years in one of the engineering tool-rooms / machine shops and even then he did not want to retire! However in contrast to me, who can only look at the smoking embers of my working life, you are about to burst forth like a fireball propelled by an unstoppable meteoric force hurtling into the future. At first it will feel like a whirlwind here at Cambridge University Engineering Department (CUED), that is because signing up for Engineering is like a whirlwind and one that will blow hard throughout your undergraduate life. However this is only the start of your journey and you will find that if you want to undertake a professional career in any area, you will be expected to be able to operate effectively, efficiently, legally, and continue to develop your knowledge and skills of your arts and metiers throughout your whole working life which will be a different environment to the present one where everything is completely geared towards your individual development. This is where industrial experience comes in, as it is a bridge between academic life and hopefully your future destination in the professional world of engineering or possibly some other occupational area and give you an insight as to where you need to be in four years time. At CUED “Industrial Experience” is an important integral part of the course. There is now a 6 week requirement which you must complete before the end of your second long summer vacation, and it is obligatory. You cannot achieve Honours in Year 3 without successful completion. Many other Universities suggest that it is a “good idea” or “desirable”, CUED go beyond that by making it compulsory such is the value that we give to it. Additionally, surveys show that employers value it highly when it comes to offering full time employment at graduation time. Organisations seek employees with a good understanding of business, relationships at work, project management and communication skills, which our students develop whilst on placement. Engineering is not just about maths and physics, it is about finding solutions to problems and making them work usually
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as part of a team of people, within a financial budget. The equation is this: Your studies + practical experience = an ideal candidate for any professional engineering position or virtually any professional career beyond engineering. As with all things, you will probably achieve a return equivalent to the amount of effort that you make in this area. Part of the function of the Placements Team is to ensure that you make the right amount of effort on the right things, and do not waste your precious time barking up the wrong trees. Currently ( September 2016 ) my successor is not in place, so I am uncertain as to what the programme will be for the forthcoming Michaelmas term, however no doubt you will be kept informed. From experience I can say that CUED Students will need to become adept at familiarising themselves with the requirements, deciding a strategy and tactics, presenting themselves, and finding potential sources of placements, & you will quickly need to become familiar with how the system operates to take maximum advantage. CUED Requirements are very flexible in terms of what you can do and where you do it, as long as the work is related to some element of engineering taught on the course, and many students utilise their own contacts that they have developed via various networks to find a suitable place. However, to assist you we have a well devised web site with information and advice on planning, presenting, yourself and an abundance of contacts available via the CUED database CHOICE. Currently we hold just over 3000 employer records, for you to scan. You can either approach employers speculatively yourself or wait until we receive an alert that there is a “Live” job offer from them. You should receive a weekly bulletin which will tell you when opportunities become “active”. Finally I should point out that we are not just orientated towards “companies”, as CUED also runs a circa 75 + place research scheme in the Department called UROP, which is mainly aimed at students later in the course to enable them to explore the possibilities of a career in research. I hope that gives you a flavour of the future with respect to work placements and how they fit into the CUED fabric. May I wish you all the success that you desire for the future, now I am off to find my rocking chair.
Igor Wowk September 2016
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SOCIETIES GUIDE With the new Dyson Centre, there are more societies than ever before. Few require any prior knowledge - just that you turn up - and are a fantastic way to learn practical engineering skills.
CAMBRIDGE AUTONOMOUS FLIGHT
Research and build sustainable housing solutions for urban Latin America. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter, or ecohouseinitiative.org
“Everyone with passion for the project can find a way to improve the team”
ELECTRONICS CLUB -
- Aurelia, CUER
Build your own drone! Visit cuaf.co.uk for more info
CAMBRIDGE AUV
Build robot submarines to enter into international competitons. Visit http://www.cambridgeauv.co.uk for news and events
ECOHOUSE
Come for electronics advice, collaborate on group projects or work on your own. Wednesdays 13:30-14:30, Dyson Centre Electronics Benches, Email Adam on ag611
Aurelia Hibbert, Programme Director, CUER How did you get involved in eco racing? I knew that I wasn’t a car person so I looked at the other areas of the team that I could get involved in to learn more about the team and the challenge they were facing. I joined the Logistics Team (now Events and Operations) and was looked after by a very enthusiastic leader. I then applied for a technical research project (UROP) that summer and before I knew it, was being prepared to take over the team in 2015.
How has eco racing changed your attitude to engineering? When I came to Cambridge I thought I could understand structures and that was about all. I now know that actually I can tackle many engineering challenges at a high level and that it is the complexity and purpose of the challenge which drives me, rather than the engineering area. I also have seen so many students, from first years to PhDs come into the team, thinking they know nothing useful and within weeks being the best versed on the team in their chosen area.
Do you need to be an expert to join in? I thought a lot of the engineering was beyond me when I started, I now know that a lot of it is, and yet I was still able to make such a contribution to the team in a year that they decided to put me in charge. There are so many aspects of the team, and so much is needed for us to succeed, that everyone with passion for the project can find a way to improve the team and build to our next success. A huge technical challenge it may be, but funding and organising the project is just as large a task, if not larger!
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James Roberts, Founder CU3D What made you start CU3D? The Dyson Centre has changed how I work in department. Completing examples papers is now punctuated with checking on prints and doing quick CAD work. I can put a short 3D print on before a lab and it’ll be ready by the time I get out.
What do you get out of the society? It has allowed strikingly easy access to develop personal projects, for any of the undergrads in department no matter what experience level. I’ve learnt a lot from the other students, just from working in and around the DMA. When we identified a need amongst my friends for a six way shot dispenser, we had one within a day.
How can people get involved? As well as running our own projects, CU3D acts as a forum for undergrads to launch their own ideas – of any size. We help students get set up on the Dyson Centre equipment, and can help source funding, people and materials. If you have any ideas, no matter how big or small, please do get into contact with us or come along to one of the meetings. We meet on Wednesdays at 2pm in the Dyson Centre to work on larger projects together.
ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS
A UK-wide engineering charity that seeks to research engineering solutions to global problems. Work on projects in the university and abroad. Visit ewb-cam.org
FULL BLUE RACING
Cambridge’s Formula Student team! Learn to build and race cars. Visit www.fullblueracing.co.uk
IMPACT THROUGH INNOVATION
Design products for the developing world through multidisciplinary collaboration. Contact Jon, jaet2or visit www.iticam.org for more details
LEGO BLOC-SOC
Enjoyed the week 1 lego mindstorms? Follow Bloc-soc on Facebook to find out about meetups, or email Rich on rlr20
“When we identified a need amongst my friends for a six way shot dispenser, we had one within a day.” - James, CU3D
ROBOGALS
Help improve female participation in engineering through robotics workshops. Contact cambridge.president@robogals.org
ROBOTICS SOCIETY
Build competitive robots. One possible contest: Robot Wars! Contact Basil on bm490 for more info
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY SPACEFLIGHT
Launch a rocket into space for under £1,000! www.cusf. co.uk
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
Interdisciplinary group running a number of projects around biological engineering. Contact Lorenzo lv272
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ROBOT BIKE Each issue, our sponsors bring us news of new and exciting projects as an insight into the kind of engineering they practice. This edition, we hear from Renishaw, a collaborator in developing innovative custom-frame technologies with the Robot Bike Company. A collaboration of cutting edge technology and companies, anthropometry, and years of experience has led to the unveiling of the new Robot Bike Co. R160 mountain bike frame – designed and manufactured in the UK with partner companies Altair, HiETA Technologies and Renishaw using metal additive manufacturing (3D printing). Great design freedom has been achieved through the development of a unique construction using titanium lugs, proprietary carbon fibre components and tubing and a double lap joint bonding concept. Through the experience of the partner companies each frame can be tailored to a customer’s individual measurements or specifications, with the added benefit that the frame can be constantly improved as new technologies emerge, as the production process is not constrained by a mould. HiETA is a specialist additive manufacturing development and project engineering company based in the Bristol and Bath Science Park. Mike Adams - CEO of HiETA - said that “One of the great aspirations of additive manufacturing has always been ‘mass customisation’. Leading this project has allowed us to see integration of all the elements – a great new frame design, the use of state of the art software tools for optimisation and automation, the flexibility of the manufacturing process itself and effective collaboration between our partners is a great advert for the technologies and the South West of England showcasing that the aspiration is becoming a reality.” Simulation specialists, Altair, was made responsible for the optimisation of the bike’s additively manufactured connectors. Using solidThinking Inspire, Altair was able to maximize the benefit of additive manufacturing by identifying where material in the connectors could be removed to save weight and reduce part count without compromising performance. These engineering techniques are commonly used throughout the automotive and aerospace industries to maximize product performance but are equally valuable to bike manufacturers. Renishaw is a world leader in dimensional metrology, spectroscopy and healthcare, applying its expertise to improve operational efficiencies in a vast range of industries and applications, from aerospace and renewable energy to dentistry and brain surgery. It is also the UK’s only manufacturer of metal additive manufacturing systems. Marc Saunders, Director – Global Solutions Centres for Renishaw, says, “We have been delighted to lend our expertise in additive manufacturing, machining and metrology to deliver a high quality bike frame from an initial design concept. This typifies the approach that we are taking with our Solutions Centres, where we are working closely with our customers to create designs that maximise the production and lifetime benefits that can be gained from using an additive manufacturing process.”
“It doesn’t matter how good a frame is if it doesn’t fit the rider...”
It doesn’t matter how good a frame is if it doesn’t fit the rider, and this is where Robot Bike Co. sees the weakness in the current market offerings. Says RBC’s Ed Haythornthwaite, “If you are trying to produce the very best frame it makes no sense to then only offer it in a small number of sizes when the people you are selling it to come in all shapes and sizes. Think of Robot Bike Co. as the Savile Row of the bike world.”
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3D-printed titanium lugs sit on a R160 base plate, ready to be added to the frame. The flexibility of additive manufacture allows a fully-custom design to be realised.
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THE DYSON CENTRE The Dyson centre - launched in the Spring of last year - is a new space designed specifically to enable students to design, build and create, both on personal projects or as a part of larger societies. Since it’s launch, the Dyson has seen the birth of a number of new groups which have sprung up around the equipment on offer. One project idea that the Centre Manager, Rich, suggests on the website is to collaborate with the group Remap - a charity working to provide engineering solutions for those with disabilities. However large or small an idea you have, there are not only tools and people to help, but also a number of sources of funding. Both CUES and also CUEA (Cambridge University Engineering Association) run annual and rolling grant schemes that can be used to fund projects of a range of sizes. The philosophy of the space: “A modern workspace where engineering students can come together outside of the classroom to think, experiment, design, build and exchange ideas.” allows students access to hands-on equipment in a way that was not possible before. Although some of the equipment such as the lathes and milling machines require training (sessions are available to book online), once shown how to use a machine safely, it can be used to realise any number of ideas.
“The Dyson Centre has changed how I work in the department” - James Roberts, Founder CU3D
With stocks of materials sold at wholesale prices, the cost of embarking on small projects may also be far cheaper than trying the same ideas at home. Items in stock range from rubber tubing to power transistors, and these are regularly replenished and updated. For more information about the Dyson centre go to: dysoncentre.eng.cam.ac.uk Or for specific information email Rich on rlr20@cam. ac.uk
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